Axon collateral branching is a fundamental determinant of neuronal connectivity, enabling individual neurons to innervate multiple targets and establish functional neural circuits. Although branch initiation requires local actin remodelling within the axon shaft, the mechanisms that restrict actin assembly to prevent excessive branching remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Kaptin (Kptn) as a conserved negative regulator of axon collateral formation that limits the maturation of axonal actin patches. Using primary neuronal cultures, quantitative live-cell imaging, and zebrafish genetics, we show that loss of Kptn enhances the conversion of actin patches into filopodial protrusions, leading to excessive collateral branching. Kptn-deficient zebrafish exhibit increased motor axon arborisation, elevated neuromuscular junction density and impaired motor behaviour. Mechanistically, Kptn antagonises the actin elongation factor Formin-2 (Fmn2) to regulate actin filament barbed-end dynamics, thereby controlling the threshold for productive branch initiation. Importantly, these branching defects occur independently of Kptn's established role in mTORC1 signalling, revealing a distinct physiological function during neuronal development. Our findings identify Kptn as a key molecular brake that constrains axon collateral branching and establish negative regulation of actin patch maturation as a fundamental mechanism controlling neuronal circuit assembly. This work provides a mechanistic framework for understanding how KPTN mutations associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy disrupt neuronal connectivity.
0h agoThe consolidation of novel motor skills has traditionally been investigated over the timescale of hours-days following practice. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that consolidation of skills occurs more rapidly across a scale of seconds, a process termed micro-consolidation. Micro-consolidation of explicitly cued motor sequences is supported by frontoparietal beta oscillations. Whether beta power modulation is a common mechanism supporting rapid consolidation of other forms of skill learning, such as implicit sequence learning, is yet to be elucidated. 72 healthy adults aged 18-35 (55% female) completed a serial reaction time task with concurrent electroencephalography recording. In line with our previous work, we show that the early fast learning on an implicit sequence task is primarily expressed as micro-offline gains during brief rest periods between periods of practice. Beta power was modulated as a function of active practice vs rest epochs (i.e., event-related synchronisation/desynchronisation), and here we demonstrate that micro-offline gains are associated with this modulation of beta power during the rest epochs. This relationship was specific to the beta frequency, and was not observed across either mu or gamma bands. Overall, in line with seminal work implicating beta in early explicit motor learning, our results indicate that beta is a shared neurophysiological signature of micro-consolidation of implicit sequences.
0h agoCellular senescence contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet brain-penetrant senotherapeutic strategies remain limited. Here, we identify long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons as key regulators of neuronal senescence and the senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP) in AD. Using transdifferentiated induced neurons (iNs) that preserve donor-specific aging-associated molecular signatures, we show that pharmacological inhibition of LINE-1 with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) or antisense oligonucleotides reduces p16 expression, suppresses SASP and interferon-stimulated gene programs, and attenuates paracrine induction of reactive astrogliosis. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of human AD brain tissue further supports that senescent neurons with high LINE-1 expression are localized to inflammatory niches in the brain. Although bulk analysis finds no significant differences in LINE-1 expression between AD and control neurons, long-read single-cell RNA sequencing of iNs identifies a subset of neurons with elevated LINE-1 activity which display transcriptional signatures of neurodegeneration, immune activation, and senescence are enriched in AD relative to controls. RNA velocity analysis indicates that LINE-1 activation precedes the induction of canonical senescence markers, supporting a causal rather than consequential role. Mechanistically, LINE-1-derived cytoplasmic DNA activates the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway in post-mitotic neurons, and inhibition of cGAS phenocopies the effects of LINE-1 suppression. Together, these findings establish a LINE-1/cGAS-STING axis as a driver of neuronal senescence in AD and highlight LINE-1 inhibition as a tractable senomorphic strategy for neurodegenerative disease.
0h agoTrans-thalamic circuits link cortical regions through higher-order sensory (HOs) thalamic nuclei to support cognition. These circuits are rich with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), whose seconds-long dynamics conflict with the thalamus's traditional relay role, leaving their function unknown. Here, we present a model of group I mGluR-mediated suppression of K+ leak currents in single neurons. Including mGluRs in a trans-thalamic network of spiking neurons revealed distinct modulatory roles for thalamocortical and corticothalamic mGluRs. In pyramidal neurons, thalamocortical mGluRs strengthen somato-dendritic coupling and dendritic plateau potentials, boosting feedforward propagation of sensory information to enhance decision-making in a detection task. In HOs thalamic neurons, corticothalamic mGluRs temporally integrate inputs to shift thalamic firing from burst to tonic, a prediction supported by pulvinar recordings in behaving animals. This effect increases detection of a novel stimulus ("wake-up call") while attenuating detection of repeated stimuli. Therefore, mGluRs enable the HOs thalamus to dynamically modulate cortical communication.
0h agoCortical pyramidal neurons project a long apical dendrite to layer 1 (L1), to receive synaptic inputs that are thought to provide contextual and possibly suppressive modulation. In visual cortex, these inputs are thought to drive or suppress the responses to large stimuli. Here, we demonstrate a causal role for individual apical dendrites in the awake cortex. We per-formed two-photon assisted dendritic pruning in individual L5 neurons of the mouse primary visual cortex and discovered that apical dendrites do not suppress the responses to large stimuli; rather, they drive the responses of neurons that prefer such stimuli. To establish the synaptic basis of this effect, we imaged the excitatory synaptic inputs targeting the apical dendrite. We found that these inputs cover an extensive region, which is largest in neurons that prefer large stimuli. These results reveal a clear spatial role for apical dendrites in the cortex.
0h agoHigher order association cortices like the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mature over a longer developmental window than sensory cortices, but whether genetically defined interneuron populations follow this region-wide delayed trajectory remains unclear. We compared the postnatal development of somatostatin-expressing interneurons in a higher-order cortical region (prelimbic cortex; PLC) and a sensory cortical region (somatosensory barrel cortex; S1BF) across adolescence using complementary structural, electrophysiological, and circuit analyses. We found that the maturation of SST neurons within these two cortical regions differs across time. S1BF SST neurons exhibited relatively linear maturation, whereas PLC SST neurons underwent continued dendritic remodeling, nonlinear intrinsic maturation, and age-dependent refinement of inhibitory output onto pyramidal neurons. Multivariate analyses likewise supported a more linear developmental trajectory in S1BF and a more prolonged, heterogeneous trajectory in PLC. This suggests divergent maturation of the PLC and S1BF and supports a broader, longer window of critical cellular plasticity in the PLC than in sensory cortices. Together, this reflects an extended developmental program at the level of a genetically defined inhibitory cell type. Because SST neurons are positioned to regulate pyramidal neuron output via control of dendritic integration, their delayed maturation is a crucial reflection of overall circuit function. These findings provide a cellular framework for the prolonged plasticity and developmental vulnerability known to be characteristic of adolescent prelimbic cortex.
0h agoBackground: Thought disorder in schizophrenia reflects disrupted internal model maintenance in predictive processing. Beta oscillations have been proposed to index top-down predictive signalling, but prior resting-state studies have focused on spectral power, overlooking transient burst dynamics that enable the stabilization and reinstatement of internal representations, especially in the default mode network (DMN). Methods: Resting-state MEG was acquired from 25 patients (7 females) with schizophrenia and 25 matched controls (8 females) between May 2024 and October 2025. Beta bursts (15-30 Hz) were extracted from source-localized cortical time series, and burst rate, duration, power, and inter-regional synchrony were quantified. Associations with computationally-derived semantic and syntactic speech features were assessed using principal-component regression within patients. Results: Conventional beta power did not differ between groups after correction. In contrast, beta-burst dynamics showed significant group-by-anterior-posterior-position interactions for burst rate (p = 0.018), power (p = 0.0014) and duration (p < 0.001). Within the DMN, patients showed shorter inferior parietal burst duration (t(46.0) = -2.74, FDR-p = 0.0343) and increased burst synchrony within left prefrontal cortex (t(31.0) = 2.81, FDR-p = 0.0343) and between prefrontal cortices (t(29.8) = 2.73, FDR-p = 0.0423). Within patients, burst components predicted speech organization (R-squared = 0.47, F(3,19) = 5.66, p = 0.006), driven by the inferior parietal burst-duration component ({beta} = -0.55, p = 0.0036), but did not predict overall clinical severity. Limitations: The modest patient sample, short resting-state recording, cross-sectional design, and lack of laminar specificity limit causal and mechanistic inference; burst-speech associations require replication. Conclusion: Schizophrenia was associated with dissociable anterior and posterior beta-burst abnormalities that tracked objective speech markers of thought disorder. These findings suggest impaired hierarchical coordination of predictive beta signalling as a candidate mechanism linking intrinsic network dysfunction to disorganized thought.
0h agoPersistent fear is a central feature of anxiety, but it remains unclear whether this persistence is more closely related to the consistency of conditioned-threat processing or to the consistency of subjectively experienced fear. Using a longitudinal naturalistic viewing fMRI paradigm, we examined whether trait anxiety was associated with cross-phase consistency in the expression of two validated fear-related neural signatures. Forty-two participants completed two fMRI phases separated by approximately three months, viewing the same 18 naturalistic videos followed by a resting-state segment, resulting in 19 analysis segments for cross-phase analyses. We applied two pre-trained signatures of subjective fear and threat conditioning, independently developed by separate research groups, to estimate their expression over time and examined how consistently each signature was reexpressed across phases within participants. We found that higher trait anxiety was significantly associated with greater cross-phase consistency in subjective-fear signature expression, whereas no significant association was observed for threat-conditioning signature expression. This association became more prominent over longer temporal windows and was not detected in the average time series of the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, insula, or hippocampus. These findings suggest that individual differences in trait anxiety are more closely associated with the consistent cross-phase reexpression of distributed neural patterns related to subjective fear than with the consistency of conditioned-threat processing or regional neural dynamics. Taken together, this study demonstrates how predictive brain models combined with longitudinal naturalistic viewing can provide a new approach for examining individual differences in trait anxiety across repeated experiences of the same naturalistic contexts.
0h agoLanguage impairment is common in childhood epilepsy and may arise in part from disruption of the distributed brain networks that support language. In self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS)-the most common focal epilepsy of childhood-hyperconnectivity has been linked to poor language outcomes, but the specific network patterns associated with language dysfunction remain unclear, limiting the ability to target neurostimulation rationally. We recorded high-density EEG from 27 children with SeLECTS and 29 age-matched controls during verb generation and rest, and quantified functional connectivity across multiple frequency bands and bilateral frontal, temporal, occipital, and motor regions. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we identified connectivity patterns that predicted language ability, distinguished patterns shared across groups from those specific to SeLECTS and tested whether spatially specific connectivity provided information beyond whole-brain or hemispheric averages and conventional clinical variables. Frontal and occipitotemporal connectivity, particularly within the left hemisphere, predicted language ability across groups, whereas motor-network connectivity emerged as the dominant SeLECTS-specific predictor, linking the epileptogenic network to language dysfunction. Connectivity between specific regions outperformed averaged connectivity measures and predicted language beyond epilepsy diagnosis and antiseizure medication use. Task-based connectivity also outperformed resting-state connectivity. These findings show that language ability is associated with distributed yet spatially specific patterns of brain connectivity, while epilepsy introduces distinct alterations centered on the epileptogenic network. Identifying these disease-specific network patterns provides mechanistic insight into language dysfunction and a rational basis for spatially targeted neuromodulation.
0h agoNeuronal protein synthesis is essential for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, yet whether its regulation is shaped by other cell types remains poorly understood. Here, we show that astrocyte-secreted proteins regulate global neuronal translation depending on astrocytic state. Astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) increased neuronal translation under basal conditions, an effect enhanced by astrocyte stimulation with the activity-dependent factor BDNF, whereas ACM from neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, a state linked to neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease, suppressed neuronal translation. Across these conditions, neuronal mTORC1 activity consistently tracked with translational output, whereas the integrated stress response (ISR) acted through distinct, state-specific mechanisms that did not always track with neuronal translation. Furthermore, we identified astrocyte-secreted apolipoprotein E (APOE) and its associated cargo as a negative regulator of neuronal translation that contributed to the decreased translation induced by neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. We also found that astrocyte-secreted signals required neuronal endocytosis to influence translation and drove synaptic remodeling dependent on glutamatergic signaling and neuronal mTORC1 activity. Together, these findings identify astrocytes as active, instructive regulators of neuronal translation and synaptic structure, with implications for understanding how astrocyte dysfunction may disrupt the translational mechanisms underlying impairments in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory in neurodegenerative disease.
0h agoAnimal survival depends on accurate navigation. The last several decades have revealed that neurons encoding position and orientation can support navigation through the construction of an internal map of space for the external world. However, current experimental approaches for studying this system require tradeoffs between behavioral richness and experimental control; open field tasks often lack structured trials or trajectories and virtual reality paradigms constrain natural movement variables. Here, we introduce a platform that combines freely moving behavior with control over environmental stimuli, trajectories, and reward locations. This platform is compatible with chronic Neuropixels recordings, dynamic optical projection of visual stimuli and real-time pose estimation. Using this platform, we show rats can learn a multistage spatial targeting task and that high density Neuropixels recordings can be performed in conjunction. Recordings in medial entorhinal cortex revealed canonical spatial and head direction tuning, along with population-level activity that tracked distance to task-relevant goals. Together, this platform provides a powerful approach for examining the neural basis of flexible navigation under experimentally controlled yet naturalistic conditions.
0h agoTourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental hyperkinetic disorder characterised by involuntary tics. These tics are thought to arise due to hyperexcitability of the motor cortex due to disinhibition within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical pathway. Given the involvement of motor circuits in this disorder, we explored whether there is a difference in the oscillatory dynamics of voluntary movements in people with tic disorders. We recorded optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography during cued voluntary finger abductions in individuals with tic disorders and age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls. We analysed the data both using conventional time frequency analysis and using hidden Markov modelling to explore the difference in beta burst characteristics and dynamics. Whilst no differences were seen between groups during conventional analysis, we demonstrated an increase in beta burst duration during the post-movement beta rebound within the contralateral motor cortex in individuals with TS suggestive of increased inhibition following movement. We also show evidence of increased contralateral sensorimotor functional connectivity and reduced connectivity from and between frontal regions, as measured using coincident beta bursts. This is suggestive of disrupted functional connectivity within frontal control networks in individuals with TS.
0h agoNeurons in the brain are often many synapses away from motoneurons, yet if a movement results in error, each distant neuron needs a teacher that considers its specific contribution to production of that movement. This credit assignment problem is solved in machine learning via gradient descent of a loss function, where the loss defines the subjective cost incurred by error. Does the brain use gradient descent to teach individual neurons? We trained marmosets to make saccades to visual targets and then varied the loss by assigning reward value to each target. The climbing fibers, which are the teachers of Purkinje cells (P-cells) in the cerebellum, used a multiplicative encoding to scale the spatial properties of the error vector with its reward properties, incorporating reward prediction errors. Using spike-triggered suppression of P-cells, we quantified the potent vector that mapped each P-cell's output to eye movements and discovered that the climbing fibers were not merely transmitting errors. Rather, they were providing a signal that was, on average, proportional to the dot product of the reward dependent error vector upon the P-cell's potent vector. Thus, the climbing fibers solved the credit assignment problem by providing the gradient of a loss function with respect to the output of their individual P-cells.
0h agoProgranulin (PGRN) deficiency is a common hallmark in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients with granulin (GRN) mutations (FTD-GRN). Previous studies by our group and others have observed that reduced PGRN perturbs lysosomal function and microglial activation, which is believed to accelerate neurodegeneration in FTD-GRN patients. Lysosomal function is intrinsically linked to lipid metabolism, and evidence suggests that GRN deficiency can alter lipid profiles in the brain. Unfortunately, studies to date have focused on whole brain or cortical extracts, limiting our ability to assess cell type-dependent changes in lipid metabolism under disease conditions. Here, we employed lipidomic analysis specifically within the pontine microglia of Grn knock-out (KO) mice, a cell population that was previously linked to disease phenotypes in this model. We observed a significant reduction in the endolysosomal lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) and the lipid metabolite phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); these microglial-specific lipid alterations mirror previous whole-brain findings, suggesting that similar changes may occur across multiple cell types in the brain. We also detected a significant increase in the myelin-composing factor galactosylceramide (GalCer), which may reflect an aberrant accumulation of myelin debris within microglia that arises due to defective lysosomal clearance. Notably, lipid perturbations were exacerbated with age within Grn KO microglia, suggesting that changes in lipid metabolism are both age- and genotype-dependent in this model. Together, our results support our hypothesis that PGRN acts as a master regulator of critical microglial processes - including lysosomal function, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of myelination - in an age-dependent manner.
0h agoNatural scenes are defined not only by their contained objects, but also by the structured relations among those objects. Using 7T fMRI data from the Natural Scenes Dataset, we tested whether the high-level visual cortex is sensitive to this compositional scene structure. We related narrative scene descriptions to cortical responses in an encoding framework, contrasting intact narrative descriptions with lexical control descriptions that preserved word content while disrupting compositional structure via word randomization. Intact narrative descriptions better predicted cortical responses in high-level visual cortex, indicating sensitivity to structured scene information beyond lexical content alone. This advantage was particularly pronounced for scenes with richer compositional structure. Further, a language-aligned vision model outperformed a self-supervised vision-only model, and this advantage showed a similar high-level cortical distribution. These findings suggest that the high-level visual cortex represents structured scene information beyond simple entity co-occurrence and language supervision may help induce similar representations in artificial vision models.
4h agoThe Huntingtin gene (HTT) contains a conserved, yet expandable CAG repeat within exon 1. While the pathogenic expansion in Huntington's Disease (HD) is well studied, the role of surrounding domains remains unclear. Using genome-edited mini-organoids and neurons, we dissected HTT exon 1 and found species-specific toxicity: the human variant caused more severe deficits than the mouse. Swapping the proline-rich domain (PRD) - the most divergent region - revealed its key role: the mouse PRD mitigated, while the human PRD worsened neuronal phenotypes. Omics profiling showed that pathogenic human exon 1 induced broad protein dysregulation, largely reversed by mouse PRD replacement. Bioinformatics implicated the actin cytoskeleton and transcriptional coactivator MKL2/MRTFB. We validated MKL2/MRTFB dysregulation in HD models and showed that restoring its expression rescued neuronal abnormalities. These findings highlight the PRD's contribution to HD toxicity and point to MKL2/MRTFB and the cytoskeleton as candidate mediators.
8h agoThe brain orchestrates billions of neurons spanning hundreds of regions to drive behavior. High-density electrophysiology has provided insights into this process, but monitoring brain-wide patterns of spiking activity demands new tools. Here we present Neuropixels 2.0 Quad Base, a 1536-channel probe with four times the simultaneous recording capacity of state-of-art Neuropixels 2.0. Using two Quad Base probes, we performed 3072-channel recordings in mice trained to produce complex sequences of goal-directed licks. We decoded behavioral kinematics from neural populations across more than 20 brain regions and identified the spatiotemporal emergence of motor decision signals. The probes high channel count further revealed expanded inter-neuronal functional subnetworks and latent dynamics across multiple areas and features significantly undersampled when channels were subsampled to mimic standard Neuropixels 2.0. Neuropixels 2.0 Quad Base offers a powerful tool to explore neural encoding of cognition and behavior at grand scale.
8h agoThe medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) participates in emotional regulation, decision-making and behavioural flexibility. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is widely expressed in the mPFC, particularly in GABAergic neurons, where it modulates synaptic transmission, contributing to the mPFC excitation-inhibition balance. Alteration of GABAergic activity and CB1 levels is indeed part of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Interestingly, both CB1 and mood disorders display important sex differences. In this work, we study the role of CB1 receptors in prefrontal GABAergic interneurons in emotional and cognitive processes in a sex-dependent manner. To achieve this objective, we deleted CB1 from all mPFC neurons and the GABAergic population in adult CB1-flox male and female mice, and GABAergic neuronal activity was assessed via calcium imaging with fiber photometry. Global CB1 deletion in mPFC neurons, specifically in GABAergic cells, altered emotional but not cognitive processes, with opposite patterns. This impairment was sex- and task-dependent. While pan-neuronal CB1 deletion had an anxiolytic effect on females, GABAergic CB1 deletion had the same effect on male mice, linked to increased GABAergic neuronal activity. By contrast, fear conditioning was primarily affected in males with neuronal CB1 depletion and in females with receptor deletion in inhibitory neurons. GABAergic CB1 deletion potentiates females' freezing response during acquisition and recall 24 hours later, and is associated with decreased inhibitory neuronal activity during the tone-shock association. In conclusion, mPFC GABAergic CB1 deletion is associated with an anxiolytic phenotype but also heightened responses to conditioned cues in a sex-dependent manner.
8h agoLarge-scale neuroimaging datasets are increasingly used to map relationships between brain structure, function, and behavior across the human lifespan. Routinely, analyses exclude participants who moved too much during imaging. While this decision is framed as quality control, it is increasingly recognized that head motion is not randomly distributed across individuals within a study, and so motion-based exclusion may preferentially remove people with particular characteristics relevant to the scientific goals of the study. Here we survey head motion and how it relates to participant characteristics across six large, publicly available datasets spanning nearly the entire human lifespan, namely the Human Connectome Project (HCP) Young Adult, HCP in Development, HCP in Aging, Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study, UK Biobank, and Spatial Topology project. These six datasets comprise more than 50,000 unique participants and 300,000 scans. We further benchmark our findings against motion distributions aggregated by MRIQC across more than 1.5 million scans. Under commonly applied strict exclusion thresholds, large fractions of participants would be removed (exceeding 80% in the UK Biobank task data), and these removals were demographically structured, disproportionately excluding younger and older participants, those with higher BMI, and those with motion-associated clinical conditions. Respiratory pseudo-motion inflated estimates of head motion in adult cohorts, and applying notch filtering to remove respiratory frequencies from these estimates meaningfully reduced exclusion rates. Exclusion also carried downstream consequences. Strict thresholds reduced statistical power, inflated study costs, and altered the apparent predictability of behavioral phenotypes by removing a non-random, behaviorally distinct subgroup. These findings demonstrate that motion exclusion thresholds are not neutral quality-control decisions but structured selection mechanisms that reshape the composition of neuroimaging samples. We recommend that studies report the demographic characteristics of excluded participants, prefer data-driven censoring methods over fixed motion cutoffs, and clarify the target population while considering appropriate weighting techniques.
8h agoDigital behaviour change interventions have emerged as a promising approach for improving health, well-being, and performance, yet relatively few studies have evaluated their effects using objective biological and neurophysiological measures. The present study examined the effectiveness of Autonomic, a neuroscience-informed digital coaching platform designed to improve student well-being through personalized behavioural interventions targeting sleep, stress, mood, energy, and focus. Thirty university students engaged with the platform for ten weeks and completed behavioural assessments, biomarker collection, and electroencephalographic (EEG) testing at baseline, five weeks, and ten weeks. Behavioural outcomes included self-reported ratings of focus, energy, sleep, mood, and stress. Biological measures included salivary cortisol and tear fluid dopamine concentrations. EEG assessments included resting-state recordings, frontal theta activity during a working memory task, and N200/P300 event-related potentials during a visual oddball task. Significant improvements were observed in self-reported focus, energy, and sleep quality across the intervention. Electrophysiological measures demonstrated reduced frontal theta power during working memory and shorter P300 latencies during attentional processing, consistent with more efficient cognitive processing following the intervention. Although cortisol, dopamine, and resting-state EEG measures did not reach statistical significance, all exhibited changes in the predicted direction. Collectively, these findings provide converging behavioural, biological, and neurophysiological evidence supporting the effectiveness of Autonomic. More broadly, the study demonstrates the value of combining objective biomarkers and EEG with traditional behavioural assessments when evaluating digital behaviour change interventions and highlights the potential of neuroscience-informed coaching platforms to improve health, well-being, and cognitive functioning in university students.
8h agoWhile the external cues that generate behavioral responses have been extensively studied, behavioral changes in response to internal stimuli are much less understood. C. elegans hermaphrodites are self-fertile until they exhaust their supply of self-sperm, after which time they can only produce more progeny via mating with a male animal. Fertile hermaphrodites are less likely to be mated by males than sperm-exhausted hermaphrodites. We report that sperm-dependent hermaphrodite escape is facilitated by an aversive response to physical contact (touch stimulus) by males, specifically male turns around the hermaphrodite nose and male contact at the vulva. Using germline masculinizing and feminizing mutants, we found that sperm are both necessary and sufficient to induce contact-dependent mating evasion. Surprisingly, loss of the entire somatic gonad resulted in ectopic evasion behavior, via an oppositional monoaminergic signal. Hermaphrodites lacking the HSN neuron are constitutively receptive to male mating touch both at the vulva and at the nose, suggesting that HSN transmits fertility status to the nervous system. HSN also modulates other downstream circuits, such as the nose touch sensory neurons ASH and FLP, which are required for evasion of male contact at the nose. Taken together, we identified a signaling cascade wherein presence vs. absence of sperm is transmitted via monoaminergic signaling from the somatic gonad to the nervous system. This demonstrates how changes in internal state, such as fertility status, act to modulate neural circuits and alter the valence of sensory input.
8h agoarXiv:2607.22615v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical neuroprosthetics face a data bottleneck: labeled perception trials are scarce while hours of spontaneous neural activity are largely underutilized. Here, we test whether self-supervised learning can use these unlabeled datasets to improve perception decoding. We pretrained a masked autoencoder on 14.6 hours of spontaneous multiunit activity from an intracortical array in a blind participant's V1. The model captured interpretable brain structure without supervision: V1's spatial organization and perceptual state separation both emerged purely from its latent representations. To test these features, we used linear probing (logistic regression on the frozen latents) to measure performance on the data with stimulation. Perception decoding accuracy reached 84.1% on a general psychometric task. On the more difficult threshold-level task, accuracy reached 64.0%. This work shows that spontaneous cortical activity is not noise; it contains rich, task-relevant structure. Unsupervised pretraining on this data is a promising strategy to improve neural decoding.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22778v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robust EEG motor imagery decoding remains limited by strong inter-individual variability, making it difficult to identify pipelines that generalize across users. We present a large-scale, standardized within-session benchmark of decoding pipelines across three public datasets: Cho2017 (52 subjects), PhysionetMI (109 subjects), and Zhou2016 (4 subjects). Using a common MOABB LeftRightImagery setting, two frequency bands (8-15 Hz and 8-30 Hz), and a broad combination of feature extraction, preprocessing, and classification steps, we analyzed 216,714 raw evaluation rows, which after structured aggregation yielded 44,928, 109,000, and 4,192 subject-level observations respectively. Covariance tangent-space projection (cov-tgsp) and Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) consistently defined the strongest methodological families, though their relative ordering was dataset-dependent. On Cho2017, the best family-level mean accuracy came from cov-tgsp in 8-30 Hz (0.712 +/- 0.140), whereas Zhou2016 favored CSP (0.832 +/- 0.121 in 8-15 Hz). These aggregate rankings concealed substantial subject-level heterogeneity: 42 distinct winning pipelines across 52 Cho2017 subjects, and 93 across 109 PhysionetMI subjects. We then used the benchmark as an empirical performance landscape for building compact portfolios of pipelines of size K. Several construction procedures were compared, including a ranking-based Top-K Mean heuristic and search-based strategies. Results were broadly consistent, with Top-K Mean giving the best trade-off. A single best global pipeline already retained 94.2% of the oracle in Cho2017 and 81.8% in PhysionetMI; at K = 12, oracle retention rose to 96.5% and 90.0%. The landscape is therefore subject-dependent, and this heterogeneity can be exploited through compact portfolios that make personalization more feasible.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24269v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Objective. To develop and evaluate an adaptive electrode-selection method for tracking non-stationary spontaneous activity during long-term high-density microelectrode array (HD-MEA) recordings under a fixed channel budget. Approach. We formulated electrode allocation as a sequential subset-selection problem and used a discounted Poisson-Gamma model with Thompson sampling. The method updated electrode-specific activity estimates from observed spike counts and reallocated a fixed channel budget over time. We evaluated it by offline replay of nine 34 h HD-MEA recordings, selecting 100 electrodes from 529 densely routed candidates, and in a representative online recording using 1,024 routed electrodes. Main results. Across offline recordings, the top 100 active-electrode set changed substantially, reaching 47.8% turnover at 34 h. The Bayesian method captured the largest fraction of the spikes available to an oracle selector among the tested strategies and exceeded static selection by 17.2 percentage points at the final time point. In the online recording, adaptive selection captured the first synchronized burst and supported center-of-activity trajectory analysis. Significance. Uncertainty-aware exploration and temporal discounting can improve HD-MEA recording efficiency under fixed readout constraints, providing a basis for adaptive sensing of evolving neural activity.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24356v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), widely regarded as a distributed network process; whether its FC signature reduces to a few focal sites has not been tested causally, a question central to targeted neuromodulation. We fit subject-specific, cross-subject-identifiable reservoir-computing models that reconstruct each individual's lagged FC. Two model read-outs classify AD from controls at modest accuracy, below that of structural atrophy; we nonetheless build on the functional read-out because it, not tissue loss, is what stimulation can act on. The ideal correction that maps a patient's dynamics onto the control template is a \emph{distributed} change in the model's connectivity kernel, a coordinated multi-site pattern rather than a focal target: accordingly, a single-site drive at the node with the largest kernel change fails to revert the classification even at supra-physiological amplitudes, whereas selecting each patient's site by its \emph{effect on the disease discriminant} achieves complete, individualised reclassification from one site, and a real-time closed-loop controller reaches comparable efficacy at lower dose using only causally available information. Optimal targets are cortical and heterogeneous: effective neuromodulation requires model-informed, personalised targeting, the site to stimulate is not where the read-out deviation is largest but where the network is most therapeutically responsive.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Functional synapse clusters (FSCs) are synapses with correlated presynaptic activity that are colocalized on the same neuronal dendritic branch. FSCs have been observed after learning in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. However, previous efforts to ablate FSCs by pharmacologically blocking dendritic nonlinearities to establish causal necessity may have confounded effects. Therefore, whether FSCs are causally necessary for computation is unknown. Here, we attempt to isolate FSCs from this potential confounder in silico. We train Dendrinet, an artificial neural network architecture with hierarchical dendritic segments and sparse conductance-based synapses, on a Permuted-Covariance Classification (PCC) task. This task cannot be solved by single-layer linear-nonlinear artificial neural networks. We find that neurons with dendrites can be trained to solve the task and develop excitatory and inhibitory FSCs if both dendritic nonlinearities and synaptic structural plasticity are active. Turning off dendritic nonlinearities reduces excitatory FSCs, which replicates experimental findings, and reduces performance while unexpectedly increasing inhibitory FSCs. Furthermore, shuffling learned synaptic connectivity while keeping the nonlinearities fixed reduces performance. This shows sensitivity to learned connectivity, but the shuffle does not change only FSCs. Shuffling inhibitory synapse properties reduces performance more than the corresponding excitatory shuffle, showing higher sensitivity to inhibitory organization. This work suggests that dendritic compartmentalization and learned synaptic organization can support computation of covariance structure.
12h agoarXiv:2510.19229v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Infants discover categories, detect novelty, and adapt to new contexts without supervision-a challenge for current machine learning. We present a brain-inspired perspective on configurations, a finite-resolution clustering framework that uses a single resolution parameter and attraction-repulsion dynamics to yield hierarchical organization, novelty sensitivity, and flexible adaptation. To evaluate these properties, we introduce mheatmap, which provides proportional heatmaps and reassignment algorithm to fairly assess multi-resolution and dynamic behavior. Across datasets, configurations are competitive on standard clustering metrics, achieve 87% AUC in novelty detection, and show 35% better stability during dynamic category evolution. These results position configurations as a principled computational model of early cognitive categorization and a step toward brain-inspired AI.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22753v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-time closed-loop neurofeedback based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has led to important scientific and clinical advances. However, the sophistication of the analysis methods used in real-time fMRI lags behind the state-of-the-art in fMRI decoding, largely due to computational factors: Most advanced decoding pipelines do not fit within the envelope of real-time processing, where the analysis needs to be conducted in a matter of seconds and without leveraging data acquired later in the session. Here, we present a real-time compatible adaptation of a computationally intensive state-of-the-art pipeline for reconstructing perceived natural images (MindEye2), and we demonstrate that reliable fine-grained decoding is still achievable in this setting. Using RT-Cloud, an open-source, scalable cloud-based platform, we performed a real-time scan where we decoded single-trial visual perception within seconds after an image was shown to the participant. Finally, we use simulated analyses to document the factors driving changes in performance from offline to real-time analysis. This work serves as a proof-of-concept that it is feasible to deploy these powerful fMRI decoding pipelines in real-time analysis, paving the way for their use in brain-computer interfaces for scientific discovery and clinical treatment.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23889v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual prostheses require users to interpret sparse and distorted artificial percepts through active visual search. We developed an EEG-guided neuroadaptive training platform for simulated prosthetic vision in immersive virtual reality and evaluated its feasibility in a sham-controlled object-localization task. Twenty-two sighted participants searched a virtual desk scene rendered through a low-resolution phosphene simulation while EEG was recorded using a dry-electrode headset integrated with a head-mounted display. During training, participants received post-trial visual feedback based either on a commonly used EEG engagement index, $\beta/(\alpha+\theta)$, or on visually matched non-contingent sham values. Both groups showed comparable within-session improvements in localization performance, consistent with practice, increasing familiarity with the simulated percepts, or refinement of search strategies. EEG-contingent feedback did not produce reliable group-level benefits in localization accuracy, completion time, workload, or modulation of the targeted index. Exploratory analyses showed substantial individual variability, but did not establish a feedback-specific relationship between the engagement index and behavioral performance. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating EEG-contingent feedback with immersive simulated prosthetic vision, while identifying important limitations of the EEG measure, single-session training protocol, and post-trial feedback design.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23927v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A conversational AI that cannot tell its own output from what a user said will treat its own mistakes as user-provided facts. In humans, this capacity is called reality monitoring, and its failures are linked to hallucinations, delusions, and confabulation, yet whether LLMs possess it remains untested. Here we show, across two experiments and six LLMs, that source attribution depends on how conversational memory is structured: ceiling accuracy for self-generated content under minimal memory demands reverses to a fragile external-item advantage once episodic delay removes that shortcut. Feedback exposes two failures: in some models, internal and external judgments swap; in others, accuracy improves while confidence decouples from correctness, dissociations invisible to existing benchmarks. Across models, this pattern implicates active, not aggregate, parameter count. This suggests that as AI systems take on autonomous, multi-turn roles, evaluating what they know is not enough: tracking where that knowledge came from may matter equally.
12h agoarXiv:2506.21000v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Procrastination represents one of the most prevalent behavioral problems associated with individual health and societal productivity. Despite its high prevalence and substantial impact on daily functioning, its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain poorly understood. A leading model posits that procrastination arises from imbalanced competing motivations: the avoidance of negative task aversiveness and the pursuit of positive task outcomes, yet this framework has not been fully validated in real-world settings and not applied effectively to guide interventions. Here, we addressed this gap with a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We applied seven sessions of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in chronic procrastinators. Using the intensive experience sampling method (iESM), we assessed the effect of anodal HD-tDCS on real-world procrastination at offline after-effect (2-day interval) and long-term after-effect (6-month follow-up). We found that this neuromodulation produced a lasting reduction in real-world procrastination, with effects sustained at a 6-month follow-up. While the intervention is significantly associated with both decreased task aversiveness and increased perceived task outcome value, a mediation analysis indicated a disassociable mechanism: the increase in task outcome value (but not task aversiveness) showed a statistical pattern consistent with accounting for the observed behavioral improvement. In conclusion, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that enhancing DLPFC function may reduce procrastination by selectively amplifying the valuation of future rewards, not by simply reducing negative feelings about the task. These results align with established decision-theoretic frameworks and suggest a targeted, theory-informed avenue for future behavioral interventions.
12h agoarXiv:2511.07825v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Cooperation depends on judging whom to trust: identifying the strengths of other people's morally relevant social motives, called social preferences, and refining those beliefs after observing their behavior over time. We model this process with a Utility Bayesian Model (UBM): a continuous probability distribution over the parameters of another person's utility function, reweighted after each observed choice. In repeated binary dictator games with randomized payoffs, the UBM captured participants' predictions of preprogrammed agents and of one another better than non-Bayesian alternatives and over 15,000 models that represent others as discrete types: people track motives as graded positions in a continuous space, not as categories. Because participants alternated between choosing and predicting, the framework separately estimates preferences and beliefs about preferences. Choosers' own utilities, fit with a seven-parameter function selected from 526 candidate forms, showed that most people place reliably positive weight on a stranger's payoff but weight their own roughly nine times more; that aversion to being ahead exceeds aversion to being behind, reversing the canonical ordering; that sensitivity to others' payoffs and to inequalities grows more than proportionally with their size; and that antisocial preferences are more common than prior estimates suggest. Predictors' initial beliefs captured the dominance of self-interest but expected aversion to being behind to outweigh aversion to being ahead. Together, these parameter distributions locate any individual's social preferences, and beliefs about them, in a common seven-dimensional space, enabling commensurable cross-study comparisons, meta-analyses, and empirically informed priors for future Bayesian models of social cognition.
12h agoarXiv:2607.03556v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Biological neurons assign credit across branching dendrites, where synaptic drive, conductance, local voltage, and somatic teaching signals interact to shape plasticity. We study conductance-based dendritic networks with excitatory and inhibitory synapses, shunting inhibition, and tree-structured branch-to-soma coupling, asking when restricted somatic feedback can approximate compartment-specific backpropagated errors. Exact gradients factor into a synapse-local eligibility term, set by presynaptic activity, driving force, and input resistance, and a path-specific compartment error obtained by transporting a somatic error through dendritic gains. This turns local learning into a credit-signal approximation problem. We test whether shunting improves learning when its effect on dendritic gain makes compartment errors more compatible with restricted feedback. Exact-gradient reconstruction verifies the factorization, while path-gain, feedback-fidelity, inhibition-intervention, and transported-error controls probe the mechanism and its limits. With nonnegative conductances and a five-factor rule using matched-width feedback with scalar fallback, shunting LocalCA remains 5 to 6 percentage points below matched backpropagation on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and figure-ground MNIST, showing that feedback fidelity remains a major bottleneck. A three-factor rule approaches matched backpropagation with exact transported feedback in the shunting model and with neuron-wise feedback in both architectures, but shunting has no general advantage under matched initialization. These results show how conductance and dendritic branching enter the exact credit equation and identify restricted feedback as a principal limit.
12h agoarXiv:2509.14053v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Music is a structured and perceptually rich sequence of sounds in time, whose perception is shaped by the interplay of expectation and uncertainty about what comes next. Yet the uncertainty we infer from music depends on how the musical piece is encoded as an event sequence. In this work, we use network representations, in which event types are nodes and observed transitions are directed edges, to compare how different feature encodings shape the transition structure we recover and how robust that structure is under modeled perceptual constraints. We systematically analyse eight encodings of piano music, from single-feature vocabularies to richer multi-feature combinations. These representational choices reorganize the state space and fundamentally reshape network topology, shifting how uncertainty is distributed across transitions. To connect these descriptive differences to perception, we adopt a perceptual-constraint model that captures imperfect access to transition statistics. Overall, compressed single-feature representations yield dense transition structures with higher entropy rates, corresponding to higher average uncertainty per step, yet low model error, indicating that the constrained estimate stays close to the corpus transitions. In contrast, richer multi-feature representations preserve finer distinctions but expand the state space, sharpen transition profiles, lower entropy rates, and increase model error. Finally, across representations, uncertainty concentrates in diffusion-central nodes while model error remains low there, suggesting an informational landscape in which predictable flow coexists with localized surprise. Overall, our results show that feature choice shapes not only the networks we reconstruct, but also which transition statistics are available and how vulnerable they are to distortion under perceptual constraints.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22685v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This study presents a data-driven framework for solving nonlinear wave equations, specifically the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and the single-component nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). The approach integrates physical constraints directly into the neural network's loss function, enabling efficient training without requiring labelled data. We implement a PINN-based framework for solitons that models a variety of localized wave structures across both equations. Predicted solutions are compared with exact analytical results and show strong agreement with low error. The method effectively captures soliton profiles in both the GPE and NLSE. The accuracy and flexibility of the framework suggest its usefulness for studying nonlinear differential equations relevant to Bose--Einstein condensates and nonlinear optics.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23167v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To model high-risk traffic densities a cellular automaton model is constructed, exhibiting Ising model-like properties. The attraction-repulsion forces between vehicles are evaluated as coupling, and the coupling function $p(1-p)=g/8$, where p is the initial distribution of cells with state 1, and g is the Moore neighbor count, which has roots $\cos^2(\pi/8)$ and $\sin^2(\pi/8)$ for $g=1$. This is achieved without the use of any trigonometric functions in the code. From the roots, the tangent polynomial $\tan^2(x) + \tan(x)$ emerges. Kramers-Wannier duality is recovered and it is conjectured that the $1/\sqrt{2}$ difference between the roots serves as a fixed point for a projection mechanism from the 2-dimensional Ising model onto a 1-dimensional Ising chain through the Gudermannian function. The sigmoid evaluated at the proposed fixed point is substituted into the derivative of the logistic coupling function, $\sigma(1/\sqrt{2})(1-\sigma(1/\sqrt{2}))$, yielding a numerical approximation to the three-dimensional Ising inverse critical coupling. Finally, the results are linked to risk densities in traffic and vehicle types, accounting for the amplification of fatal accidents.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop a unified algebraic framework for nonlocal derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger (DNLS)-type hierarchies based on loop algebra splittings. Within this framework, nonlocal and reverse space-time reductions are realized through algebraic constraints, leading to the corresponding integrable hierarchies. By constructing simple elements and establishing the associated factorization theory, we derive Darboux transformations (DTs). And apply DTs to construct explicit solutions.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23558v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex dynamical systems often undergo transitions from periodic to chaotic behaviour as bifurcation parameters vary, making timely detection of these changes essential. Conventional approaches based on the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) generally require either knowledge of the governing equations or sufficiently long, uniformly sampled time series. Their performance degrades when the available data are scanty or contain missing observations, making reliable phase-space reconstruction difficult. We propose a methodology that combines Topological Data Analysis (TDA), specifically 0-D sublevel persistence, with Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to distinguish periodic and chaotic regimes directly from time series. Sublevel persistence extracts topological features by analysing the evolution of minima and maxima, revealing repeating signatures for periodic dynamics and more scattered patterns for chaotic dynamics. These features are used to train logistic regression, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbour classifiers. Hyperparameters are validated using K-fold cross-validation, yielding average classification accuracies exceeding 90%. The trained classifiers provide binary predictions, identifying periodic and chaotic behaviour in previously unseen data. The proposed methodology is evaluated on the Duffing, R\"ossler, and Lorenz systems, where the detected transitions closely agree with those identified using the MLE, demonstrating the reliability of the approach. It is further applied to real-world ECG signals to classify normal and abnormal heartbeats, producing encouraging performance across standard statistical metrics. The proposed framework provides an effective alternative for analysing sparse or incomplete time series and is particularly useful in experimental settings where conventional nonlinear time-series methods are limited.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23932v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we study an analog of the scalar two-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) lattice. In particular, a variety of dispersive wave structures and localized patterns are numerically identified in the numerical simulations of the FPU lattice, but, to the best of our knowledge, all of these particular wave structures do not admit analytical closed-form expressions. In order to resolve this issue, we perform a dimensional reduction and accordingly derive a modified KdV equation. Based on this reduction, we first take advantage of some of its exact localized solutions to model the associated wave patterns in the FPU lattice. In addition, we explore the two-dimensional generalization of the Riemann problems for the FPU lattice and the corresponding modified KdV reduction, whose evolution dynamics lead to the formation of multiple composite dispersive structures. Moreover, we propose and rigorously derive the KPII limit of the FPU lattice and investigate their associated wedge problems. Finally, all these relevant numerical dynamics are compared to examine the performance of these quasi-continuum long-wave asymptotic limits.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24715v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The "butterfly effect", introduced over half a century ago by Edward Lorenz, has shifted from a cornerstone of dynamical systems to a popular metaphor, yet its true physical manifestation in fully developed turbulence spans a spectrum of phenomena from standard chaotic sensitivity to the recently established concept of Eulerian spontaneous stochasticity. This paper presents an attempt at a systematic synthesis that brings these different but interconnected ideas together within the unifying framework of the Finite Size Lyapunov Exponent (FSLE). The FSLE describes the growth rate of perturbations as a function of their scale, enabling a comprehensive characterization of the multiscale physics of turbulent flows. Using the FSLE and the Sabra shell model, extended to include thermal noise, we bridge the classical, small-scale Lyapunov regime with predictability at large scales and its interpretation in terms of Eulerian spontaneous stochasticity. Moreover, using the FSLE and the Kraichnan model, we also illustrate the closely related phenomenon of Lagrangian spontaneous stochasticity. To complete the spectrum of butterfly effects, we also examine the "literal butterfly" scenario of localized, sub-dissipative perturbations. Ultimately, this synthesis clarifies the physical mechanisms that dictate the fundamental boundaries of forecasting in high-Reynolds-number flows.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23151v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The $N$-th order rational rogue wave of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS), which depends on $2 N-2$ real parameters, has been shown to be impossible to generate by the nonlinear superposition formula. We here generate this sequence by a three-term recurrence relation, each step only requiring the computation of three $N-1$-th order determinants of $2 N-2$ variables, while the previous method requires two determinants of order $2 N$ in $2 N$ variables. This allows us to obtain explicitly the seventh wave with its six arbitrary complex parameters. These very compact expressions open the possibility to investigate the possible existence of new patterns in addition to the already observed ones (concentric rings, polygonal configurations, \dots).
12h agoarXiv:2607.23285v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Photonic reservoir computing has attracted increasing attention as a fast and low-cost approach for time-series prediction. Photonic reservoir computing utilizes the high speed, broad bandwidth, and spatial parallelism of light. However, the effect of the internal connection structure (network topology) on the computing performance has not been investigated for large-scale photonic reservoirs. In this study, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate photonic reservoir computing using a spatial light modulator to systematically evaluate the relationship between the network topology and the performance of reservoir computing. We introduce complex network structures such as small-world and scale-free network topologies of the internal nodes in the reservoir. We perform the memory capacity measurement and the one-step-ahead prediction task of the chaotic time series to compare the performance. We found that the small-world network exhibits the maximum memory capacity and the best prediction performance. Our numerical calculations reveal that the performance of the time-series prediction can be optimized by changing the rewiring probability of the network and the leak rate of the reservoir. We also implement photonic human brain network as a reservoir, which is designed by the connectomes of human brain activities. We found that the network topology strongly affects the performance of reservoir computing, and the small-world network structure outperforms the other configurations.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23288v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Photonic reservoir computing is a promising physical machine-learning technique for predicting time-series data. The quantization of the response signal from the reservoir is required for the implementation of photonic reservoir computing, and the number of quantization bits and sampling frequency need to be optimized to achieve high performance and low energy consumption. However, few studies have been reported to investigate the effect of bit quantization and sampling frequency. In this study, we introduce a concept of approximate reservoir computing with a semiconductor laser by quantizing the amplitude of node states in the reservoir and output weights. We evaluate the performance of a chaotic time-series prediction task and energy consumption per sample. We achieve significant reduction of energy consumption by optimizing the number of quantization bits, the sampling frequency, and the injection current of the semiconductor laser, while maintaining the prediction performance.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23501v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Locating periodic solutions of chaotic dynamical systems normally requires an initial guess close enough to the target orbit for numerical continuation or gradient-based search to converge. We show that Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) trained on sparse, noisy observations \emph{without} initial conditions recover periodic orbits of the gravitational three-body problem, including orbit families absent from the training data. The method rests on a second-order ODE formulation, fixed-frequency Fourier features, percentile-based adaptive refinement, and a trainable scaling parameter, each validated on forward problems. Across two 100-seed ensembles, $23$--$25\%$ of runs converge to families not present in the training data. We then ask what determines which family emerges. Two $\chi^2$ tests give a consistent answer: changing the training data source significantly shifts the distribution of recovered families ($p < 0.001$, Cram\'{e}r's $V = 0.339$), whereas switching between the two initialization distributions tested does not ($p = 0.620$, $V = 0.094$). The random seed selects which family a given run recovers; the \emph{distribution} the weights are drawn from does not shift the aggregate frequencies, but the training data does. The evidence is empirical: we do not characterize the loss landscape analytically, and PINNs remain slower than conventional integrators on well-posed initial-value problems. What the experiments establish is that the recovered orbits are verifiable rather than merely plausible: the identified ones refine to genuine periodic solutions, a network trained on Lagrange data recovers the figure-eight choreography (Li--Liao class I.A.1, matched to seven significant digits in $T^*$), and one trained on figure-eight data recovers a Broucke--Hadjidemetriou--H\'{e}non orbit closing to $\delta_T < 10^{-9}$.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23616v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We show that the inclusion of a dimension-six operator in the Higgs potential has a dramatic impact on the stability of oscillons in the $SU(2)$ bosonic sector of the Standard Model, extending their lifetime by orders of magnitude. This happens for the physical value of the ratio between the Higgs and W boson masses, $m_H/m_W=1.556$ and for the dimension-six operator $O_6 = (\Phi^\dagger \Phi)^3$ whose coupling constant is below the current upper bound.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24638v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We develop a motif-based framework for spatiotemporal chaos in spatial evolutionary games and use it to map the dynamical phase diagram in the payoff plane. Using Boolean linearization of the imitate-the-best rule, we derive analytical instability thresholds for local motifs including invaders, cooperative pairs, stripe interfaces, and cooperative cores. These thresholds are obtained from payoff balance at contested motif interfaces and recover classical invasion thresholds of spatial evolutionary games, which emerge here as boundaries of the chaotic phase. Combining the Derrida slope with the asymptotic Hamming distance, we obtain a four-region cartography: ordered, transient-chaotic, sustained-chaotic, and subcritical-chaotic dynamics. The phase diagram is organized by density-dependent motif selection: different initial cooperator densities activate different instability mechanisms, yet a small set of motif-instability lines consistently bounds the sustained-chaos region across densities. This cartography reveals a subcritical chaotic phase (Derrida slope $s<1$ but asymptotic Hamming distance $d_\infty>0$), where infinitesimal perturbations decay while finite-amplitude perturbations sustain chaos. The motif-based framework is anchored by an exact benchmark: for homogeneous backgrounds, the Boolean Jacobian yields an exact correspondence between the Derrida slope and spectral radius, linking damage spreading to deterministic instability.
12h agoarXiv:2502.08552v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Consensus, synchronization, formation control, and power grid balance are examples of desirable dynamical states that arise in networks. Here we investigate how such states can be destabilized by an intruder agent within an otherwise functioning network. We show that a single adversarial node, coupled through adversarial connections to one or more other nodes, is sufficient to destabilize the entire network and is more effective than targeting multiple nodes. We further show that concentrating the attack on a single low-indegree node induces the greatest instability, challenging the common assumption that hubs are the most critical nodes. This leads to a new characterization of network vulnerability, identifying low-indegree nodes as the most vulnerable components. Although derived for linear systems, our results extend to nonlinear networks, including the Kuramoto model. These findings reveal an intrinsic vulnerability of technological, social, and biological networks.
12h agoarXiv:2508.10992v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Synchronization is a fundamental phenomenon in complex systems, observed across a wide range of natural and engineered contexts. The Kuramoto model provides a foundational framework for understanding synchronization among coupled oscillators, traditionally assuming pairwise interactions. However, many real-world systems exhibit group and many-body interactions, which can be effectively modeled through hypergraphs. Here we show that the effect of such higher-order interactions on synchronization is non-monotonic. Through a numerical study of higher-order Kuramoto models on random hypergraphs and on globally coupled systems, we find that the degree of synchronization reached from incoherent initial conditions is maximized at a small but nonzero higher-order coupling strength: weak higher-order interactions enhance synchronization when added to pairwise ones, whereas strong ones work against it, in line with earlier reports of reduced basins and of cluster states. We further show, through a cost-constrained allocation analysis, that under a constrained budget for interactions a mixed allocation of pairwise and higher-order couplings consistently achieves higher synchronization than relying on either type alone. These findings clarify the role of higher-order interactions in shaping collective dynamics and point to design principles for optimizing synchronization in complex systems.
12h agoarXiv:2603.12452v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A simple mathematical model emulating energy dissipation due to tidal effects is proposed. In this model, forces acting between masses remove energy but preserve the total angular momentum of the system. We study the effect of such forces on the particular family of orbits in central configurations, and show that a specific dependence on the mutual distances between the bodies leads to homographic equations equivalent to those of the two-body problem with dissipation. We then describe in detail the topology of solutions of the dissipative two-body system via Poincar\'e compactification. Finally, we present equations averaged over Keplerian motion showing no influence of the dissipation on periapsis precession.
12h agoarXiv:2605.19911v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Photonic neuromorphic computing offers a promising route to overcoming the limitations of conventional Von Neumann architectures by exploiting the high bandwidth, low latency, and massive parallelism of optical systems. However, most existing implementations rely on fixed dynamical substrates such as classic reservoir computing, where learning is restricted to external readout layers and memory is limited to transient fading effects. This work proposes a Reconfigurable Nonlinear Photonic Decision Network (RNPDN), a physically grounded neuromorphic framework in which computation, memory, and learning emerge directly from driven-dissipative dynamics. Through numerical simulations, this work demonstrates the simultaneous realization of key properties: local physical learning rules enabling adaptive state evolution, a tunable stability-plasticity tradeoff governed by decay and hysteresis mechanisms, controlled memory formation and erasure via bistable photonic states, fading memory, in-situ learning, and hardware-faithful nonlinear dynamics incorporating saturation and dissipation. In contrast to conventional approaches, the proposed system enables intrinsic adaptation within the physical layer while supporting both transient and persistent memory. These results establish a unified framework for adaptive photonic information processing and provide a pathway toward scalable and energy-efficient neuromorphic photonic hardware.
12h agoarXiv:2607.02821v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose a kinetic model of opinion dynamics under selective media influence on both graphon-based and real-world networks. The media action, inspired by Hallin's theory of spheres, is incorporated through a model predictive control strategy designed to steer agents' opinions toward a desired target opinion. For the resulting Boltzmann-type description, we analyse the evolution of the moments and, in the quasi-invariant interaction limit, derive a Fokker--Planck-type equation together with a characterisation of its stationary states. We also prove exponential convergence to equilibrium in the Fourier metric. Numerical experiments are performed on networks generated by a Gaussian graphon and on real-world, single-issue Twitter networks, allowing us to investigate the role of control and interaction parameters, as well as the impact of the subset of agents subject to media influence. Using real-world social networks data to initialise opinions and infer the interaction structure, we then compare the dynamics obtained on the original networks with those produced by Gaussian graphons fitted to their adjacency matrices, thereby assessing the descriptive power of the graphon approach for real-world opinion dynamics.
12h agoarXiv:2607.07495v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study kink-antikink collisions in a $(1+1)$-dimensional $\phi^8$ scalar field theory with multiple degenerate vacua. We derive soliton solutions for different vacuum structures labeled by $n=p_2/p_1$, and focus on the cases $n=2$ and $n=3$. We perform numerical simulations in all topological sectors and for both kink-antikink ($K\bar K$) and $\bar K K$ orderings. In the $(-1/2,1/2)$ sector, the kink-antikink pair annihilates for all initial velocities. To the best of our knowledge, this full-velocity annihilation regime has not been reported in $\phi^8$ kink collisions. We also find fractal multi-bounce windows in the $(-1,-1/2)$, $(-1,-1/3)$, and $(-1/3,1/3)$ sectors. Our main result indicates an effective-potential classification of these collision outcomes. We show that the shape of the effective potential is closely related to the final channel. It determines whether the pair escapes, forms a bion, annihilates, or changes sector. When the solitons pass through each other, the effective potential can change suddenly. This gives a possible mechanism for annihilation and sector change. Our results establish connections among topological structure, spectrum and effective potentials in higher-order scalar field theories.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23180v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sutherland-Kalugin-Katz (SKK) states have been proposed as generalized Bloch-like states in quasiperiodic systems where the absence of translational symmetry prevents the application of Bloch's theorem. However, previous studies have largely relied on ansatz-based arguments, and a systematic procedure for constructing the SKK state from a specified Hamiltonian has remained unclear. In this work, we develop a constructive approach based on a generalized Fourier transform of creation operators in tight-binding models. We then apply this framework to vertex and dual models on the Ammann-Beenker (AB) tiling that stem from the same quasiperiodicity but differ in their electron-site configurations. Our construction reproduces the previously reported SKK state in the ground state of the vertex model and reveals a corresponding SKK state in the ground state of the dual model with high fidelity. The structural correspondence between the two SKK states indicates that such states are not tied to a particular choice of electron sites and reflect the underlying quasiperiodicity of the AB tiling.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23603v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A recently formulated mean-field model of glasses features an equilibrium, zero-temperature Replica-Symmetry-Breaking (RSB) transition in some parameter range. In this range, the model's solution in the Replica-Symmetric phase is expressed in terms of an effective, self-consistent random potential for uncoupled degree of freedoms, where the transition to the RSB phase is characterized by the emergence of spectral-edge localized modes and a pseudogapped quartic vibrational spectrum, resulting in a finite spin-glass susceptibility. These properties are preserved in numerical solutions of the model under non-equilibrium conditions, i.e., upon an instantaneous quench. Inspired by recent advances in computer glasses, we define a micromechanical response function --- the linear response to local force monopoles --- in the framework of the mean-field model. We establish exact relations between the force monopole stiffness and global susceptibilities, which suggest a close correspondence between the non-equilibrium RSB phase of the model and the above-mentioned effective random potential description. As such, the obtained micromechanical observables constitute a concrete realization of the collective degrees of freedom of the model, offering a bridge between a glassy mean-field model and finite-dimensional glasses. We show that the model's vibrational spectrum can be computed solely from the monopole response statistics and, by employing a marginal stability criterion, we extract a characteristic frequency/stiffness scale of soft glassy modes, which is related to the boson peak in finite-dimensional, laboratory glasses.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23768v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Strongly disordered solids exhibit distinctive properties at the nanoscale, where conventional continuum theory breaks down. We show that their disorder-averaged linear response can be described by a modified continuum theory in which the response coefficients are local but depend nonlocally on the structural properties. The stability criterion requires the response operator to be positive semidefinite, which naturally leads to a correlated Wishart disorder. In the limit of strong disorder, these equations reduce the long-wavelength response to a scalar disorder-induced contrast field. In elasticity, this field describes the formation of a stiff shell around rigid nanoparticles and boundaries, whose characteristic extent is set by the nonaffine length. The predictions are confirmed by molecular-dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones glass and a model polymer. Direct calculation of the nonlocal elastic kernels further shows that the response is predominantly local on the scale of the stiffened interphase.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24133v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We characterise the interplay between cation-translational and anion-rotational dynamics on the model system $\rm \alpha\text{-}Li_{2}SO_{4}$ through virtual isotopic substitution molecular dynamics (VISMD) simulations. We independently control in turn the lithium translational- and sufate rotational- diffusivity by varying the masses of lithium and oxygen, respectively, showing that both diffusivities exhibit power-law relationships with the masses of each individual component. Changing either diffusivity produces an effect on the other; i.e. there exists a bidirectional coupling between anion and cation diffusive dynamics. From our variable-temperature/variable-mass dataset we demonstrate that the apparent activation energy for lithium diffusion depends strongly on the isotope mass, decreasing with accelerated sulfate dynamics; an observation which provides clear evidence of mode-coupling between cation and anion dynamics.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24455v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a general framework to solve a class of combinatorial opti- mization problems, including the matching problem, the Traveling Salesman Problem, and also the minimum weight k-factor problem. By reformulating these problems as an arrangement model, we recast the optimization task into a grand-canonical ensemble, where chemical potentials are used to re- lax strict topological constraints. The analytical solution found can serve as a polynomial-time algorithm to compute an approximate minimum cost for arbitrary k and link-weight distributions. Our framework is complementary to existing approaches and reveals new connections between combinatorial optimization and the statistical physics of disordered systems.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24478v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate high-dimensional, non-linear dynamical systems when exposed to incoherent periodic inputs and Hebbian-like synaptic plasticity. Our findings reveal a striking phenomenon: depending on the interplay between the strength of the periodic drive and synaptic plasticity, the system's phase diagram can give rise to a region where, once both inputs are removed, the collective dynamics spontaneously settles into a limit cycle. This suggests that periodic drives can imprint lasting rhythmic patterns into the network through plasticity, effectively teaching it to oscillate on its own. Numerical simulations on finite size systems show that the limit cycle phase can be easily detected on single-sample trajectories, while averaged curves are affected by strong finite size effects due to sample-to-sample fluctuations of the period of the limit cycles.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22626v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Nuclear spin diffusion is often summarized by a single diffusion coefficient, but this coarse-grained description can fail in dilute solids where positional disorder and long-range dipolar couplings generate a broad distribution of hopping rates. We develop a continuous-time random-walk (CTRW) description of $^{13}$C polarization transport in natural-abundance diamond (1.1%), constructing the rate matrix from dipolar-mediated flip-flop couplings and sampling exact continuous-time trajectories. Although site-to-site hopping is Markovian, the disorder-averaged dynamics give rise to emergent, anomalous transport. The empirical waiting-time distribution exhibits a heavy tail with exponent $\alpha=0.64$ and exponential cutoff $t_{\rm cutoff}=19$ s; the mean jump length becomes correlated with the waiting time $\tau$ for $\tau\gtrsim0.1$ s; and the mean-squared displacement grows sublinearly in both step number and physical time, with exponents $\gamma=0.56$ and $\delta=0.87$ respectively. We trace the microscopic origin of these signatures to geometric trapping: polarization can rapidly exchange within strongly coupled clusters, including dimers, while weak inter-cluster links control long-range exploration. A kinetic percolation construction links global transport to inter-cluster crossing times, and identifies a corresponding crossing time of $\sim20$ s, consistent with $t_{\rm cutoff}$. Finally, mapping paramagnetic impurities onto hard-sphere traps connects the CTRW framework to classic studies of trapping in reaction-diffusion theory and reproduces the qualitative timescale of experimentally measured relaxation, whereas a continuum diffusion equation description does not. These results show that dilute dipolar spin networks require a microscopic, network-resolved transport description beyond the Fickian diffusion equation.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22818v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a new class of fully-quantum Metropolis walks in which both the proposal and acceptance steps are intrinsically quantum. Unlike standard quantum walks obtained by quantizing classically efficient Markov chains, our algorithm employs Hamiltonian simulation as a quantum-native proposal mechanism, enlarging the class of quantum walks beyond classical counterparts. We target the problem of sampling from the low-temperature Gibbs distribution of classical dense Ising models, within a fixed error in total variation distance. This approach achieves about a cubic polynomial asymptotic advantage over previous quantum-walks, resulting in a total sixth-degree polynomial queries speedup compared to the best classical walk. This shows that speedups beyond the widely assumed quadratic limit are possible within the quantum walk formalism. We perform a complete fault-tolerant compilation of all algorithmic primitives and benchmark against CPU, GPU, and FPGA implementations of the best classical Markov chain. Under identical hardware assumptions, the resulting advantage runtime crossover is reduced from approximately $10^3$ years for conventional quantum walks to less than one day. These results identify fully-quantum Markov chains as a promising route toward practical quantum advantage.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22831v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Strongly correlated quantum matter is fundamentally defined by the tension between non-commuting quantum operators. Hamiltonians exhibiting macroscopic degeneracies are of general interest in this field because they imply an infinite susceptibility to any non-commuting perturbation. In moir\'e heterostructures, engineering such extensive degeneracies in the kinetic Hamiltonian creates a fertile garden for exotic strongly correlated phases of matter to emerge from the resulting flat bands. Here, we introduce a prescription to construct an infinite family of exact flat band Hamiltonians supported on the faces of arbitrary graphs. We demonstrate this algorithm on the faces of four Bravais lattices. Using a discrete graph generalization of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, we prove that the extensive degeneracies of such face-graph Hamiltonians are protected by the local topology of the face-graph connectivity. The resulting macroscopic null spaces yield compact localised states that remain localised over time due to frustration in hopping pathways. We discuss the broad implications of such non-dispersing quantum modes in diverse settings, from arrested dynamics in quantum networks and quantum machine learning algorithms to Majorana-free topological quantum computation.
12h agoarXiv:2607.22916v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: One of the distinguishing aspects of CP2K is its seamless integration of diverse structural and transition-state optimization techniques with advanced sampling approaches including Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, and metadynamics, enabling the efficient exploration of complex potential- and free-energy landscapes, including rare events. These capabilities are combined with a broad hierarchy of energy and force evaluation methods, ranging from classical and machine-learned interaction potentials and mixed quantum-classical multiscale and semiempirical schemes, to highly accurate quantum-mechanical electronic-structure approaches. At the heart of the latter lies the Gaussian and plane-wave framework, along with its augmented all-electron generalization, which have been described in detail in our previous code review [T. D. K\"uhne et al., J. Chem. Phys. 152, 194103 (2020)]. Building on this foundation, the present work revisits the methods within CP2K that turn electronic structure into dynamics, transport, and spectroscopic response. Particular emphasis is placed on the coupling between static response calculations and nuclear motion: spectra may be evaluated at optimized structures, averaged over thermally sampled configurations, obtained from time-correlation functions along ab-initio or path integral molecular trajectories, or followed in real time together with electronic and nuclear dynamics. The same modular structure also enables equilibrium and biased transport simulations, from Kubo-type linear response to open-boundary approaches under external potentials, highlighting CP2K's unique capability to unify quantum chemistry with quantum and statistical mechanics within a versatile, holistic simulation environment.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23127v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We show the emergence of a quantum fluctuation-driven transport crossover between two liquid states in distinguishable helium-4 obeying Boltzmann statistics, in the absence of atomic exchange. Using path integral centroid molecular dynamics simulations over 0.1-3.3 K and 1-60 bar, we investigate the transport properties of two distinct liquid states: the low quantum-dispersion liquid (LQDL) and the high quantum-dispersion liquid (HQDL). While LQDL exhibits conventional liquid behavior consistent with the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation, HQDL emerges at lower temperatures and displays anomalous gas-like transport characterized by superdiffusion and ultralow viscosity, accompanied by a breakdown of the SE relation. This counterintuitive emergence of gas-like dynamics upon cooling reflects the dominant role of nuclear quantum fluctuations, in contrast to thermal fluctuations at higher temperatures. Across the LQDL-HQDL boundary, we identify a transport crossover marked by a qualitative change in the velocity autocorrelation function (VAF), a transition in the Prandtl number, and the emergence of transport minima in shear and kinematic viscosities, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. These minima reflect a crossover from liquid-like to gas-like transport upon cooling in the low-temperature subcritical region, in addition to the universal transport minima observed in the supercritical regime. The transition from oscillatory to monotonic VAF defines a second Frenkel line, distinct from the conventional Frenkel line observed in the supercritical region. LQDL is a heat-transport-dominated dissipative fluid, whereas HQDL is a momentum-dominated inertial fluid. These results demonstrate that nuclear quantum fluctuations alone induce gas-like liquid behavior and provide a unified picture of transport phenomena in distinguishable helium-4 without superfluidity.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23777v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The discovery of scaling laws has motivated training neural networks on ever increasing quantities of data. This is typically done with a constant decoupled weight decay which causes the network weights to shrink steadily over the course of training. Taking inspiration from the Robbins--Monro conditions, we propose to scale weight decay by the fraction of the peak learning rate $\eta/\eta_{\max}$. We prove that this scaled weight decay preserves the asymptotic stationarity guarantees of the corresponding unregularized methods for both stochastic gradient descent and the non-Euclidean spectral optimizer Muon, thereby avoiding the additional asymptotic bias introduced by constant decoupled weight decay. This retains the stability benefits of weight decay without changing the asymptotic optimization target. Using a steady-state analysis, we explain why under standard weight decay the weight norm shrinks steadily as training proceeds, whereas under scaled weight decay it settles to a roughly constant value. When applied to the training of mixture-of-experts models, Muon with scaled weight decay (Muon-SW) consistently outpaces Muon with identical hyperparameters, reaching the same validation loss $\mathbf{30\%}$ faster at our largest scale across models from $72 - 930$ million parameters trained at $\sim 600$ tokens per active parameter. If this trend continues to hold, the method promises to substantially accelerate the pre-training of frontier models while requiring only a few lines of code to implement.
12h agoarXiv:2607.23902v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Physical reservoirs, neuromorphic devices, and wave-mediated systems often possess memory, feedback, and rich state-dependent dynamics, but these properties do not by themselves establish autonomous computation. Here we develop a closure criterion for autonomous physical computation, motivated by the wave--particle walker. We formulate the walker as a stroboscopic reservoir with state, where the wave field stores an exponentially decaying trace of previous droplet impacts and guides future motion through local slope coupling. This model separates physical writing, storage, reading, feedback, and externally triggered erasure. We then define computation as robust coarse-grained transition preservation: a physical map implements an abstract transition only when a coarse-graining satisfies compositionality, with abstract states realized by separated physical basins and transitions stable under noise. Autonomous physical computation requires a further closure condition: an internal physical readout state must select the next physical operation. This criterion classifies the wave--particle walker as a wave-memory machine with genuine Turing-like primitives, but not as a closed autonomous physical computer, because the erasing phase shift is externally imposed. The framework turns this distinction into a design principle: memory becomes autonomous computation when physical readout basins are coupled back to operation selection.
12h agoarXiv:2607.24328v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large ecosystems balance competition and cooperation, yet standard generalized Lotka--Volterra models make mutualism destabilizing by amplifying disorder and driving unbounded growth. We show that Monod-like saturation resolves this paradox: dynamical mean-field theory and random-matrix analysis reveal a broader stable phase and enhanced survival. Network architecture provides a second control mechanism, but nestedness offers no intrinsic stability advantage. Instead, it is a byproduct of degree distributions with high connectivity necessary for stability.
12h agoarXiv:2604.02879v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate the time- and momentum-resolved dynamics of matter waves undergoing elastic scattering from a disordered potential in the presence of spatially uniform SU(2) gauge fields. We derive the disorder-averaged density matrix as a function of time and momentum within the weak-localization regime. By accurately approximating the frequency dependence of the ladder and maximally crossed diagram series beyond the diffusion approximation, we describe short-time spin-momentum dynamics on timescales comparable to the scattering mean free time, for arbitrary strengths of the SU(2) gauge fields and disorder. We also present a cubic equation that determines the spin isotropization time, which gives accurate asymptotic forms in the limits where the spin-orbit length is much longer (Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation regime) or much shorter than the scattering mean free path, as well as in the SU(2)-symmetric (persistent spin helix) limit. Comparison with numerical simulations over a broad range of spin-orbit coupling strengths shows quantitative agreement for the predicted spin isotropization time. The same framework also reproduces both the relaxation of the momentum distribution and the transient backscattering peak with a momentum offset coexisting with the robust coherent backscattering dip.
12h agoarXiv:2606.06716v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Network theory can be fruitfully used to describe quantum coherence in physical systems. To that purpose we introduce persistent currents in signed directed networks by interpreting the signed magnetic Laplacian as an effective Hamiltonian and the associated edge phases as a discrete gauge field. In a canonical ensemble, persistent currents arise as thermodynamic responses to variations of gauge-invariant fluxes. We show that these fluxes are naturally defined on the cycle space of the network, and that the resulting currents are constrained to the divergence-free subspace and decompose onto independent cycles. This formulation provides a direct generalization of persistent currents from rings and lattices to arbitrary topologies. Detection of persistent currents provides a signature of the quantum phase coherence supported by the network, and a direct signature of the geometry of its cycle space. Such a mapping, not only allows a practical way to deal with quantum coherence for a variety of situations in the field of quantum technologies, but it also allows a physical interpretation of the importance of the Laplacian operator in graph theory, linking its role to the one of Hamiltonian (i.e. a tight-binding one) in physical systems. To test the power of the method, we construct a signed directed network that reproduces the Hofstadter butterfly spectrum.
12h agoarXiv:2411.13667v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider a free fermionic chain with monitoring of the particle density on a single site of the chain and study the entanglement dynamics of quantum jump trajectories. We show that the entanglement entropy grows in time towards a stationary state which display volume law scaling of the entropy, in stark contrast with both the unitary dynamics after a local quench and the no-click limit corresponding to full post-selection. We explain the extensive entanglement growth as a consequence of the peculiar distribution of quantum jumps in time, which display superpoissonian waiting time distribution characterised by a bunching of quantum jumps followed by long dark intervals where no-clicks are detected, akin to the distribution of fluorescence light in a driven atom. We show that the presence of dark intervals is the key feature to explain the effect and that by increasing the number of sites which are monitored the volume law scaling gives away to the Zeno effect and its associated area law.
12h agoarXiv:2512.19856v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Despite the fact that power-law interactions occur in a plethora of physical systems, their many-body dynamics is far less understood than that of nearest-neighbor interacting systems. Here, we study information scrambling in strongly disordered spin systems with power-law interactions via out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs). Numerically, we find pronounced differences in the dynamical spreading of OTOCs between nearest-neighbor and power-law interacting systems. This deviation persists even for short-range interactions, opposing the common view that these interactions produce dynamics equivalent to the nearest-neighbor case. In a detailed experimental proposal, tailored but not limited to Rydberg tweezer setups, we present a protocol to extract OTOCs in XXZ Heisenberg spin systems with tunable anisotropy and programmable disorder based on currently available techniques.
12h agoarXiv:2606.30735v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Collective light-matter phenomena such as Dicke superradiance are often described as a collection of effective spins coupled homogeneously to a bosonic mode, giving rise to a collective bright mode with enhanced light-matter coupling. In fermionic systems, Pauli exclusion and Fermi-surface structure can significantly modify this picture, while randomness in the atom-light couplings raises the question of whether disorder promotes or suppresses collective behavior. Here, we study a cavity model in which fermionic particles couple to a photonic mode through a random all-to-all interaction matrix with tunable mean and variance. Combining numerical mean-field methods, analytic stability analysis and random-matrix predictions, and benchmarks against exact diagonalization, we characterize both the onset and structure of the superradiant phase. While mean coupling and disorder variance contribute in the same way to the onset, they lead to drastically different behavior within the condensed phase. Uniform coupling supports a single bright collective fermionic mode with conventional Dicke-like scaling of the cavity field. Disorder, instead, gives rise to a qualitatively different collective regime in which many grey fermionic states participate coherently, producing a parametrically enhanced scaling of the condensate with system size. Our results reveal a mechanism through which disorder can, perhaps counterintuitively, promote collective light-matter phenomena.
12h agoElectroencephalography (EEG) is fundamental to cognitive neuroscience as it provides a direct measure of human neural activities with millisecond precision. Its noninvasive nature allows for the study of brain function across diverse age groups and experimental contexts-from newborns to adults, and from tightly controlled laboratory environments to more naturalistic real-world settings. However, EEG signals-especially those recorded from infants-are highly prone to noise and artifacts, posing significant challenges for data analysis. To address these issues, we present APICE-Py (Automated Preprocessing for Infants Continuous EEG), an open-source preprocessing pipeline originally designed as a matlab toolbox for infant EEG and now re-implemented in Python to support scalable and flexible analysis across developmental and adult datasets. APICE-Py is built upon three core principles: (i) adaptive artifact detection on continuous data using data-driven thresholds rather than fixed cutoffs; (ii) hierarchical artifact correction, combining short-segment correction via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with broader segment and continuous data correction using Spherical Spline Interpolation (SSI); and (iii) transparent reporting, providing comprehensive quality logs and decision-tracking to ensure reproducibility and informed analysis. We summarize the underlying algorithms, release an implementation compatible with common EEG formats, and demonstrate its use on three datasets spanning neonates, 5-month-old infants, and child-parent hyperscanned data, acquired using high-density wet electrodes and mobile gel-based EEG systems. When benchmarked against the original MATLAB implementation, APICE-Py achieved comparable levels of data quality and trial retention. While the original pipeline was developed for early developmental EEG (e.g., infants), we show that the pipeline further extends its applicability to both children and adult datasets, enabling robust preprocessing across a broad age range. Moreover, it supports data acquired using a variety of EEG configurations and experimental settings, highlighting its flexibility across age groups, hardware systems, and paradigms. The APICE-Py source code and documentation are freely available at https://github.com/neurokidslab/apice-py.
16h agoSensory responses in the auditory system are modulated by behavioral context, and this modulation extends as early as the inferior colliculus (IC). Where within the IC it occurs, which neurons it affects, what behavioral variables drive it, and whether it requires the auditory cortex remain unclear. We imaged the dorsal cortex of the IC (DCIC) with two-photon microscopy in head-fixed mice (n = 7) performing a two-alternative forced-choice tone-discrimination task, with blocks of passive listening to the same tones before and after, while recording orofacial movement, licking, and pupil diameter from synchronized video. Unsupervised clustering of sound-evoked responses in 1479 tracked neurons identified four functional response classes: onset-excited, sustained-inhibited, offset/motor-excited, and transient-inhibited. Task engagement modulated these classes in distinct and outcome-dependent ways, with the sustained-inhibited and transient-inhibited classes more suppressed and the offset/motor-excited class more excited during active trials, and with hit and miss trials driving most of the effect. Population activity discriminated active from passive trials above chance, and this discrimination outlasted the stimulus. A linear encoding model attributed a substantial share of the explained variance in three of the four classes to facial movement, whereas pupil diameter contributed little in any class. The correlation between orofacial motion and activity was itself context-dependent in the sustained-inhibited and transient-inhibited classes, but not in the offset/motor-excited class. Bilateral chemogenetic silencing of the auditory cortex (n = 3 mice, 171 matched neurons) altered task modulation only in the sustained-inhibited class. Task-related modulation in the DCIC is therefore heterogeneous across functionally defined neurons, is closely tied to movement, and depends on the auditory cortex in only one of these populations.
16h agoRestoring vital motor functions after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a central challenge in neuroscience and regenerative medicine. Cervical SCI can cause life-threatening respiratory deficits by damaging the phrenic motor network that controls the diaphragm. Cellular transplantation offers a viable means to improve function by providing new neurons that can relay supraspinal drive to denervated spinal phrenic networks, yet the long-term stability of transplants is poorly defined. Here, we examine donor-host neuronal synaptic connectivity in a respiratory model of cervical SCI, 1-year post-transplantation in adult rats. Embryonically-derived spinal cord tissue was transplanted into the lesion cavity one-week post-SCI, and transplant integration and diaphragm function were assessed at 1-month and 1-year post-transplantation. At 1-month, transplant-recipients exhibited significantly greater diaphragm output than injured, vehicle control animals. The extent of recovery at 1-year, however, was significantly less, coinciding with anatomical changes in graft neuronal density and donor-host connectivity, revealed by transneuronal tracing (pseudorabies virus). These results demonstrate that embryonic spinal cord transplants can improve phrenic motor activity after cervical SCI, but that long-term efficacy may be limited by reduced donor-host connectivity.
16h agoLeber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder characterised by painless, progressive, and sequential visual failure. Most cases of LHON are driven by mitochondrial DNA mutations which cause dysfunction of respiratory Complex I, triggering retinal ganglion cell loss. Retinal ganglion cell degeneration in LHON is thought to be linked to reduced production of metabolic intermediates and adenosine triphosphate, and enhanced reactive oxygen species production. Thus, decades of research have focussed on LHON as a disease of the retinal ganglion cells, which has considerably improved our understanding of the pathology but has yielded few therapeutic interventions. In addition, some LHON-associated phenomena remain unclear. In particular, we still do not fully understand the mechanisms underlying the recorded phenomenon of spontaneous visual recovery, in which patients experience measurable increases in visual acuity following onset of LHON vision loss. Understanding this phenomenon may be critical for developing new therapeutic approaches for LHON. Moreover, the contribution of non-neuronal cell populations to LHON pathology remains poorly understood despite a growing appreciation for the roles played by these cells in other neurodegenerative conditions. Astrocytes are a highly heterogeneous group of glial cells, found throughout the central nervous system including the retina and optic nerve, and are well-known for their role as key homeostatic mediators. In recent years, our appreciation for the role played by astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases has expanded considerably, and we are now aware that astrocytes undergo significant loss of their homeostatic functions in neurodegenerative disease, acting as key mediators of neuronal loss. Importantly, the contributions astrocytes make toward mediating LHON pathology and visual recovery remain unclear, and provide promising ground for potentially novel therapeutic angles and enhanced understanding of this complex pathology. Here, we leverage human iPSC-derived astrocytes from patients with the LHON m.14484T>C genotype, to explore the role astrocytes play in LHON pathology, stratifying cells by their visual recovery status. We report that astrocytes undergo significant morphological and bioenergetic compromise in LHON, and that differences between 'recovery' and 'non-recovery' astrocytes may explain individual capacity for visual recovery, potentially opening novel therapeutic approaches.
16h agoAlthough growing evidence indicates that decision-making and movement control are tightly coordinated, the functional significance of this coordination remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether changes in the animal's arousal are sufficient to reorganize decision-action coordination in a manner that preserves behavioral efficiency. To address this question, we pharmacologically slowed behavior in rhesus monkeys performing a reaching-based foraging task while leaving task demands unchanged. Under this internal perturbation, prolonged decisions were initially associated with shorter movement durations, revealing a compensatory coordination that reduced the additional temporal cost of slower deliberation. As animals progressively adapted across sessions, decision durations decreased, reward rates increased, and compensatory coordination became less prevalent, giving way to patterns of decision-movement co-regulation. This observation suggests that compensatory adjustments are recruited transiently during adaptation rather than representing a constitutive mode of behavioral control. These findings provide causal evidence that an internally-induced slowing of decision-making is sufficient to reorganize the temporal relationship between decisions and movements. More broadly, they support the view that decision-making and movement execution are regulated as complementary components of a unified adaptive control process that flexibly adjusts the temporal organization of behavior in response to changes in internal state, thereby contributing to the maintenance of efficient reward acquisition.
16h agoMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond adequately to currently available therapies, highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the role of volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) in depression-related phenotypes using zebrafish. Disruption of VRAC function, either by pharmacological inhibition or morpholino-mediated knockdown of lrrc8aa, the zebrafish ortholog of mammalian LRRC8A, the obligatory subunit required for VRAC function, induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviours in zebrafish larvae and altered the expression of genes associated with affective disorders. Transcriptomic analysis of lrrc8aa-deficient larvae revealed dysregulation of pathways involved in neuronal signalling and cellular stress responses. Conversely, pharmacological activation of VRAC with zinc pyrithione (ZPT) improved behavioural abnormalities and partially restored altered gene expression. In adult zebrafish subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, ZPT produced antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects comparable to those of imipramine and normalized elevated monoamine oxidase (mao) expression. Together, these findings indicate that reduced VRAC function contributes to depression- and anxiety-related behavioural and molecular phenotypes and identify VRAC as a potential target for the development of novel antidepressant therapies.
20h agoWe conform not only to the opinions and behaviors of others but also to those of ourselves, suggesting that the motivation to appear consistent leads us to treat ourselves like others. However, the neural mechanisms of self-conformity remain unclear. We used a sequential facial attractiveness-rating task with ostensible reminders of participants' own previous ratings to investigate self-conformity and compare it against group conformity. Rating data showed that participants on average conformed to both themselves and the group. While some individuals conformed excessively (over-conformity), others went against their previous behavior (anti-conformity), similarly in self and group conditions. Neurally, dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activity correlated with both self- and group conformity. Moreover, self- versus group conformity engaged more medial versus lateral prefrontal regions, and over- versus anti-conformity more ventral versus dorsal regions. These results suggest that self- and group conformity rely on both common and dedicated neural mechanisms.
20h agoThe noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is involved in numerous cognitive functions. Its activation often enhances sensory and motor performance and its activity correlates with arousal, which altogether suggest a general role in the mobilization of resources for cognition and action. We recently showed its strong and specific implication in physical effort and indirect evidence suggest that it might also be involved in cognitive effort. To address this question directly, we used a pharmacogenetic approach in rhesus macaques to selectively and reversibly inhibit LC neurons in a cognitively challenging task. Two monkeys were injected with viral vectors expressing inhibitory DREADDs (hM4Di) specifically in noradrenergic LC neurons, allowing reversible suppression of LC activity via systemic administration of deschloroclozapine (DCZ, 0.1 mg/kg). A third monkey served as a control and only received DCZ injections. Monkeys performed a simple hole-board task in which they searched for food rewards (raisins) hidden in a 5x5 grid of wells. In the transparent condition, rewards were visible, requiring minimal cognitive effort. In the opaque condition, rewards were hidden, such that monkey had to rely upon working memory to avoid revisiting empty wells. Thus, performance in opaque condition required more cognitive effort. Behavioral analysis showed that LC inhibition had no effect on performance in the transparent condition. However, in the opaque condition, it significantly impaired performance by increasing errors (revisits), without affecting the total number of rewards obtained, response times, or overall motivation. Monkeys compensated the decrease in success rate by performing more trials, indicating reduced efficiency rather than disengagement. These findings demonstrate that the LC plays a critical causal role in mobilizing cognitive resources for a demanding task. This is in line with the idea that the noradrenergic system contributes broadly to cognitive control and effort, extending previous findings on its involvement in physical effort. Overall, the study provides strong evidence linking LC activity to cognitive effort regulation, thereby complementing non-invasive studies in humans.
20h agoAD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with insidious onset. At present, effective early diagnostic biomarkers are scarce, and few studies have explored ultra-early molecular alterations during embryonic development. Urinary proteomics boasts unique strengths including complete non-invasiveness, repeatable sequential sampling and high detection sensitivity, which provides a potential technical strategy for prenatal monitoring of congenital disorders. In this study, we constructed an experimental group by mating wild-type female mice with 3xTg transgenic male mice to obtain pregnant dams carrying heterozygous AD-susceptible fetuses, while wild-type male-female mating was set as the blank control. Urine samples were consecutively collected at 10 time points from gestational day 1 (D1) to D19. Label-free quantitative proteomics was adopted to screen differentially expressed proteins, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was carried out to interpret temporal biological processes. The results showed that stable intergroup differential proteins could be detected as early as the implantation stage (D1), and differential protein profiles existed throughout the whole gestation period. The quantity and expression trend of differential proteins exhibited obvious temporal dynamics, and permutation tests verified that the intergroup differences were not random noise. Paternally inherited AD-causing mutations could trigger systematic molecular responses in maternal mice at the early embryonic stage. This study for the first time characterized the dynamic urinary proteomic landscape of maternal mice that reflects fetal AD susceptibility. It demonstrates that maternal urine can mirror molecular signatures related to fetal AD development, offering fundamental animal experimental data for subsequent screening of prenatal non-invasive monitoring biomarkers and research on the embryonic origin of AD.
20h agoInterpreting large-scale singlecell transcriptomic data remains a major challenge for understanding disease mechanisms. Recent single-cell foundation models learn rich representations of gene relationships across millions of cells, yet methods for translating these embeddings into biologically interpretable gene networks remain limited. Here we present scGENet, a computational framework that constructs context-specific gene interaction networks from foundation model-derived gene embeddings. By fine-tuning pretrained models on transcriptomic data from human midbrain organoids, scGENet generates transcriptome-scale gene modules that capture biologically meaningful cellular programs. Benchmarking across multiple foundation models demonstrates that networks derived from a fine-tuned scGPT brain model show the highest concordance with curated neuronal pathways, Parkinson's disease (PD) genetic risk loci, and independent patient-derived transcriptional signatures. Applying this framework to human iPSC-derived PD midbrain organoids reveals transcriptional modules associated with neuronal differentiation, synaptic signaling, and cell-cycle regulation. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing further links these programs to altered cellular composition, including reduced dopaminergic neurons, expansion of radial glia-like progenitors, and a dopaminergic neuron subtype expressing SNCA and VGLUT2. Integration with independent human substantia nigra datasets identifies a conserved neurogenic program disrupted across genetic and idiopathic PD. Together, these results establish a generalizable strategy for extracting interpretable gene networks from single-cell foundation models, enabling systematic discovery of disease-relevant molecular programs across diverse tissues and datasets.
20h agoObjectives: Stroke commonly impairs proprioception and motor function, yet the cortical sensory processes underlying these impairments remain poorly understood. Prior electrophysiological studies have primarily focused on the average magnitude of unilateral cortical sensory responses to vibration, potentially overlooking distributed and trial-to-trial features of sensory processing that may be functionally relevant to proprioceptive processing and motor performance. We therefore aimed to characterize bilateral cortical sensory responses to determine their relationships with proprioceptive and motor function. Methods: EEG was recorded from forty-six individuals with chronic stroke during a rapid, passive, vibrotactile stimulation paradigm applied to the left and right fingertips. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) were quantified. Finger proprioceptive performance was assessed using a passive, robotic, finger crossing identification task, while motor function was evaluated using the Box and Block Test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and Nine Hole Peg Test. Associations with function were assessed using (i) unilateral sensory response magnitude at the contralateral parietal cortex and (ii) somatosensory decoder performance, defined as the accuracy with which a decoder identified the location of the stimulated hand (i.e. paretic vs. non-paretic) from combined bihemispheric response patterns. The association between these responses and proprioceptive ability and motor function was assessed. These associations were further evaluated jointly across multiple motor function measures using an exploratory analysis leveraging nonlinear dimensionality reduction and clustering. Results: Vibrotactile stimulation of the paretic hand elicited ipsilesional SEP and ERD that were reduced in magnitude compared to stimulation of the non-paretic hand. Both decreased SEP magnitude and reduced sensory decoder performance were associated with greater finger proprioceptive error. Unlike unilateral responses, the somatosensory decoder's performance was also strongly associated with motor function, explaining approximately 22.5% of the variance in motor performance. Dimensionality reduction and clustering across multiple motor assessment scores showed distinct subgroups, that showed significant differences in sensory decoding. Conclusions: The hemispheric distribution and discriminability of cortical sensory responses are functionally relevant markers of sensorimotor integrity after stroke. Assessing relative lateralization of somatosensory responses for each hand, rather than the magnitude of dominant contralateral responses alone, may better capture the reliability of sensory processing after stroke, as well as the distributed cortical reorganization supporting sensorimotor function. These findings support the potential value of a novel decoding-based neurophysiological measure for sensory-driven rehabilitation, biomarker development, and patient stratification.
20h agoThe hippocampal cognitive map is constructed from environmental sensory inputs, but the conditions that recruit a spatial map from a quiescent baseline remain unclear. Using a parametric virtual reality paradigm with simultaneous recordings from CA1 and CA3 in rats, we demonstrate that these subregions follow fundamentally different rules. CA1 place cells exhibited robust selectivity under sparse conditions, continuously updating their tuning as landmarks accumulated. Conversely, CA3 remained quiescent, its recruitment nonlinearly gated until landmarks formed a spatiotemporally integrated ensemble, governed by ensemble density and configuration rather than absolute count. Naturalistic backgrounds facilitated early activation, eliciting stepwise recruitment as scene complexity increased. These transitions paralleled LFP dynamics shifting from sensory decoupling (reduced fast-gamma coupling) to global network engagement (increased slow-gamma coupling). Together, these findings establish a circuit-level framework wherein CA3 operates as a nonlinearly gated scene constructor and CA1 as a continuous landmark integrator to build and maintain the cognitive map.
20h agoProbabilistic brain atlases provide anatomically and functionally interpretable normative references that summarize population level organization while explicitly representing spatial uncertainty. Yet such resources remain scarce due to the resource-intensive experimental efforts required to construct them. Here, we present a probabilistic retinotopic atlas of the macaque visual cortex, derived from contrast-enhanced phase-encoded fMRI data acquired in 13 subjects. The dataset includes a 50% probability parcellation covering 19 visual areas, individual subject labels, and voxel-wise probability maps for each area, all registered to the MEBRAINS macaque template. By combining a consensus parcellation with spatial estimates of confidence for each visual area, this atlas enables more informed anatomical localization and interpretation than deterministic or single-subject-based atlases. As a standardized reference for the macaque visual cortex, it supports experimental design, data interpretation, and multimodal data integration while providing a quantitative framework for investigating the developmental and evolutionary principles that shape the primate visual cortex.
20h agoLevodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a disabling complication of Parkinson's disease therapy, yet how upstream circuits recruit and restrain dyskinesia-linked striatal ensembles remains unclear. Using FosTRAP-based ensemble access in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model, we identified secondary motor cortex (M2) and parafascicular thalamus (PF) as dominant afferents with opposing functions. Projection-wide M2 activation promoted dyskinesia, whereas PF activation suppressed ongoing dyskinesia and shifted behavior toward non-dyskinetic states. Chronic levodopa reduced overall presynaptic terminal abundance while preserving putative contacts onto ensemble neurons, thereby increasing effective pathway-to-ensemble coupling. This remodeling followed distinct pathway rules: M2 contacts became spatially dispersed and biased toward NMDAR-mediated excitation, whereas PF inputs recruited stronger polysynaptic inhibition. Dyskinesia preferentially re-engaged ensemble-projecting M2 neurons, but reactivated PF neurons were topographically segregated from PF neurons directly innervating the ensemble. Accordingly, selective M2-to-ensemble stimulation promoted dyskinesia, whereas selective PF-to-ensemble stimulation was ineffective. Finally, ensemble-restricted Grin1 knockdown reduced peak dyskinesia and weakened M2-driven dyskinesia. These findings define LID as a targetable imbalance between cortical ensemble recruitment and thalamostriatal restraint.
20h agoPostnatal brain growth is non-linear, making precise stereotaxic targeting in the developing rat neocortex difficult without age-specific knowledge of cortical area locations. Traditional atlases visualize brain slices in the coronal plane, which can obscure top-down areal boundaries and sub-domains. To address these shortcomings, we created a developmental stereotaxic atlas that maps the neocortex of postnatal day (P) 8, P12, P16, and P20 in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats onto a coordinate grid. After using a stereotaxic device to create a grid of fluorescent probes, we extracted the brain, flattened neocortical tissue, and stained it for cytochrome oxidase, which is predominantly found in layer IV of primary cortical areas. Reconstructions of the primary somatosensory, auditory, and visual cortices demonstrate high structural reproducibility within each age and strain group. Our atlas captures the location of primary cortical areas at these 4 ages, showing that neocortical expansion is non-isometric, expanding preferentially along the rostral-caudal axis. Finally, we complement these top-down maps by extracting local neocortical surface angles from an existing coronal atlas, enabling proper electrode orientation to be tangential to the developing neocortex. Ultimately, this anatomically verified resource provides a standardized blueprint that eliminates resource-intensive trial-and-error mapping and maximizes experimental reproducibility in developmental systems neuroscience.
20h agoPostural control, the capacity of an animal to detect and correct an inappropriate body orientation, is a widespread and fundamental neurobiological function, yet the neural circuits that implement it remain poorly resolved in most species. The larva of Drosophila melanogaster performs a posture control stereotyped self-righting (SR) manoeuvre when turned upside-down, a behaviour previously shown to depend on a pair of segmentally repeated lateral transverse motor neurons (LT1/2-MNs) and on the normal expression of several Hox-targeting microRNAs. Here, we use a connectomics and a functional behavioural approach to trace and test the sensory, interneuronal and motor architecture of the SR circuit along the antero-posterior axis. Starting from the LT1/2-MNs, we identify a set of pre-motor interneurons, their principal upstream partners, and a population of class IV multidendritic sensory neurons as core components of the circuit, and show, through neuron-specific thermogenetic silencing, that inhibiting the great majority of these elements significantly impairs SR performance. We further find substantial overlap between the SR circuit and the previously described nociceptive rolling and touch crawling circuits, converging on shared interneurons including DnB, A02o (Wave-1) and TePn05. Network and axial connectivity analyses reveal a nested, hub-like organisation, a small number of integrator neurons bridging sensory and motor sub-networks, and a consistent decline in synapse number and density towards posterior segments. Together, these data yield the first axial wiring diagram for a postural control circuit in any animal and offer a set of structural principles including: hub organisation, shared sensory-motor structure, and antero-posterior connectivity gradients, which may extend to other segmentally organised nervous systems.
20h agoAccurate alignment of hippocampal anatomy across individuals remains challenging due to complex and highly variable folding patterns that are not well captured by conventional volumetric approaches. HippUnfold introduced a surface-based representation of the hippocampus, but key components-including coordinate estimation and inter-subject correspondence-were defined in the volumetric domain, making them susceptible to topological errors and interpolation artifacts. Here, we introduce a surface-intrinsic formulation of hippocampal unfolding in which geometry, intrinsic coordinates, and correspondence are defined directly on subject-specific surface manifolds. Intrinsic anterior-posterior and proximal-distal coordinates are computed by solving Laplace equations on the surface, and correspondence is established through surface-based resampling in unfolded space, replacing inverse volumetric warping. Relative to the original HippUnfold approach, this formulation improves test-retest consistency, subject identifiability, and mesh quality, while better preserving subject-specific gyral and sulcal morphology. Surface representations show reduced distortion between folded and unfolded spaces and eliminate misplaced or outlier vertices associated with volumetric warping. These improvements translate to enhanced sensitivity in a clinical application, improving lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy. These results demonstrate that a surface-intrinsic formulation provides a principled and robust foundation for hippocampal unfolding, enabling topology-preserving alignment and more accurate characterization of inter-individual variability in health and disease.
20h agoINTRODUCTION: Microglia regulate amyloid plaque-associated microenvironments that contribute to downstream tau pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD). Variants within the MS4A locus are strongly associated with AD risk and resilience and are linked to microglial biology; however, the functional role of MS4A4A in plaque-associated tau pathology remains poorly understood. METHODS: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on hippocampi from non-transgenic, Ms4a4a knockout (4A-KO), 5xFAD, and 5xFAD 4A-KO mice at 6 months of age. To assess plaque-associated tau pathology, AD-derived tau aggregates were injected into the hippocampus of 5xFAD and 5xFAD 4A-KO mice at 6 months, and histological analyses were performed 3 months later. RESULTS: Amyloid pathology was the dominant driver of microglial state transitions, while Ms4a4a loss selectively remodeled activated microglial transcriptional programs enriched for interferon, lysosomal, autophagic, and proteostatic pathways. Activated microglia from 5xFAD 4A-KO mice exhibited altered expression of genes linked to immune signaling and protein handling. Following AD-tau inoculation, Ms4a4a loss did not significantly alter overall phospho-tau burden but selectively reduced dense-core plaque-associated neuritic plaque tau (NP-tau), particularly in the contralateral hemisphere. This phenotype was strongest surrounding X-34-positive fibrillar plaques and occurred without major changes in plaque-associated microgliosis. DISCUSSION: These findings identify Ms4a4a as a regulator of plaque-associated microglial programs linked to NP-tau accumulation in the amyloid-bearing brain. More broadly, this work supports a model in which AD resilience-associated microglial pathways selectively shape plaque-associated microenvironments that promote downstream tau pathology.
20h agoAstrocytes are among the earliest cells to exhibit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), developing profound calcium signalling deficits before amyloid plaques have formed, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Lysosomal dysfunction is a hallmark of AD, but whether it initiates this early functional impairment or arises as a consequence of established pathology remains unresolved. Here, we find that astrocytic cytosolic calcium activity is suppressed prior to amyloid plaque deposition and is accompanied by reduced lysosomal acidification in vivo. Using a lysosome-targeted calcium indicator selectively expressed in astrocytes, we directly visualise lysosomal calcium dynamics in vivo and reveal a profound early loss of lysosomal calcium release, identifying lysosomal failure as an initiating event in astrocyte dysfunction in AD. Reduced expression of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1 provides the mechanistic basis for this deficit. Astrocyte-specific restoration of TRPML1 expression rescues lysosomal homeostasis and cytosolic calcium signalling, and prevents astrocyte reactivity and morphological hypertrophy. Strikingly, early TRPML1 restoration prevents both the initial calcium hypoactivity observed before plaque formation and the later hyperactivity that characterises post-plaque disease, demonstrating that lysosomal calcium homeostasis stabilises astrocyte function across the disease trajectory. TRPML1 restoration also reduces amyloid plaque burden, indicating that astrocytic lysosomal competence directly shapes disease pathology. These findings identify lysosomal calcium failure as an early organelle-level mechanism linking amyloid stress to astrocyte dysfunction in AD, and position TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium signalling as a tractable target for limiting disease progression.
20h agoIntroduction The heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is widely interpreted as an EEG/MEG marker of cortical processing of cardiac afferent signals. It is superimposed on electrical and mechanical signals generated by the heartbeat. Because the neural response and cardiac artefact share the same trigger, conventional averaging and blind-source correction lack an observable cardiac-only reference. Methods We used clinically acquired EEGs with isoelectric-appearing cerebral activity and preserved cardiac activity as a negative control for non-neural heartbeat-locked scalp signal. Thirty-nine isoelectric participants were compared with 118 heart-rate-matched participants whose clinical EEGs were reported as normal. Participant-level heartbeat averages were analysed using covariate-adjusted spatiotemporal permutation tests. We characterised interindividual cardiac-artefact morphology and tested the primary group contrast across average-reference, surface-Laplacian and cardiac-artefact-directed ICA analyses, with pseudotrial correction for heartbeat-independent EEG activity. Results Cardiac-artefact morphology varied markedly across isoelectric participants and was predominantly posterior or posterolateral. In the prespecified primary analysis, controls showed a negative frontocentral cluster persisted at 90-365 ms, p=.016, and a posterior cluster at 145-310 ms, p=.03. The topography of the first cluster aligns with the spatiotemporal characteristics of the early window of the HEP as identified in the literature. This cluster was negative in polarity at the scalp. This suggests positive voltage changes in the early HEP are in fact reductions in HEP activity. Exploratory analyses explored the effects of montage, and artefact correction with independent component analysis to remove CA. There was no significant group difference in ECG. Conclusion These findings provide an important first empirical scalp-level dissociation of the early HEP from CA using an inversion-of-ground-truth approach. A robustly observed cluster of difference, consistent with the early HEP, suggests that this part of the HEP is a distinct, frontocentral, negative cortical response.
20h agoWhile filming Drosophila melanogaster recovering together from xenon anesthesia, we noticed frequent synchronous pauses in flies recovering in the same chamber. To ask whether such coordination could survive physical separation of the animals, we housed flies individually in the opaque wells of a multi-well plate, with no visual or tactile contact. They still coordinated the magnitude of their movements around a shared light[->]dark startle more closely than the shared stimulus alone can explain. We isolate this excess coordination with a measure that subtracts the stimulus-driven component by comparing movements within versus across transitions. A complementary common-mode statistic shows that flies also remain weakly but reproducibly correlated away from the transitions. The tested conventional channels do not readily account for the effect: vision is excluded by the opaque walls, and self-generated substrate vibration is disfavored for the background common mode because coordination does not scale with movement amplitude and persists when the continuous side-wall path between wells is interrupted by air gaps. The transition signal declined across the material series from plastic toward aluminum. This pattern is not a simple metal-versus-nonmetal split. It is consistent with material-dependent near-field magnetic radiofrequency coupling through the well geometry and transparent imaging aperture. Vector-network measurements also indicate that near-field inter-well coupling differs between steel and aluminum. We have previously shown that Drosophila emit spontaneous, metabolically powered magnetic radiofrequency radiation that tracks nervous-system activity. Together these results are consistent with a near-field magnetic emission that can leak between separated individuals. We discuss radical-pair detection, possible emission mechanisms, and experiments needed to identify the carrier frequency, detector, and biological role.
20h agoSensory processing is dynamically tuned by internal state, yet how metabolic signals reshape the earliest stages of sensory circuits remains poorly understood. Here we identify a circuit mechanism by which satiety suppresses olfactory sensitivity at the first central synapse in the mouse olfactory bulb. Using a within-animal paradigm modelling fasted and glucose-induced sated states, we show that satiety impairs food-finding behaviour and reduces olfactory receptor neuron input to the olfactory bulb. Periglomerular (PG) cells, which co-express insulin receptors and the potassium channel Kv1.3, mediate this effect: insulin inhibits the low-voltage-activated Kv1.3 current in PG cells, increasing their spontaneous and odour-evoked activity. This heightened PG cell activity drives enhanced presynaptic inhibition of olfactory receptor neuron terminals, dampening sensory input before it reaches mitral cells. These findings establish insulin-dependent presynaptic inhibition of PG cells as a key locus of state-dependent sensory gain control.
20h agoSynGAP and PSD-95 undergo liquid--liquid phase separation in vitro, motivating models of the postsynaptic density (PSD) as a biomolecular condensate. However, how their association kinetics and intermolecular interactions shape activity-dependent partitioning remains unclear. We develop a multicomponent framework that couples equilibrium Flory-Huggins calculations in conserved total-composition space to four-species Cahn-Hilliard-reaction dynamics for free SynGAP, free PSD-95, the SynGAP--PSD-95 complex, and solvent. Complex formation and dissociation are represented by explicit forward and reverse activity-based mass-action rates. These calculations show that the equilibrium association constant and self- and cross-interaction energies jointly control the extent and composition of the two-phase region. For an illustrative LTP-like parameter switch, decreasing the equilibrium association constant and altering selected interaction energies redistributes SynGAP from the PSD-95-rich phase to the PSD-95-poor phase without eliminating the PSD-95-rich phase. A separate equilibrium comparison represents haploinsufficiency as a 50% reduction in total SynGAP. For the illustrative parameter sets, the reduced-SynGAP composition remains within the two-phase region but has different tie-line endpoints and phase compositions than the control composition.
20h agoTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death and disability in the United States in people younger than 35 years old and is a common cause of wartime injuries. Mild TBI (mTBI) is a predisposing factor for later development of dementia and cerebrovascular disease. Aerobic exercise was reported to improve cognitive function in chronic TBI through improved vascular function. The aims of the study are to characterize and correlate the subacute (10 weeks) and chronic (12 months) cognitive and cerebrovascular functional impairment following mTBI and evaluate the modulating effect of exercise early or late following mTBI on these changes. Sprague-Dawley rats received midline fluid percussion injury or sham procedure and followed for 10 weeks or 12 months with a subgroup of mTBI rats undergoing 5-week treadmill aerobic exercise 2 weeks (early) or 10 months (late) post-injury for 6 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using novel object recognition (NOR) and novel object location (NOL) tests. Regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebrovascular reactivity following hypercapneic stimulation (CVR) using contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ex vivo pial artery vasoreactivity to intraluminal pressure, angiotensin II and diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA NONOate) were measured. There was no difference in NOR or NOL at 10 weeks between mTBI and sham. NOR, but not NOL, was reduced in mTBI rats at 12 months. CBV at 10 weeks was higher in the primary somatosensory trunk cortex (trunk) and dentate gyrus regions in mTBI, but not at 12 months. CVR was lower in the trunk region of mTBI rats at 12 months. Compared to sham response at 10 weeks, there was impaired arterial constriction response to 90 mm Hg intraluminal pressure in mTBI rats at 10 weeks and in sham and mTBI rats at 12 months, with no difference seen in response to angiotensin II or DETA-NONOate exposure. There was no correlation between cognitive and vascular outcomes at 10 weeks or 12 months. Early or late exercise did not affect 12-month cognitive or vascular function following mTBI. The study showed chronic impairment in short-term memory cognitive function, regional cerebrovascular reactivity and early onset of impaired cerebrovascular myogenic response in rats subjected to mTBI. The findings of persistent cognitive and cerebrovascular impairment in this animal model enhance our understanding of the long-term consequence of mTBI.
20h agoThe inability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to mature into myelin-making oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a major contributor to disease and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Oligodendrocyte maturation is a tightly controlled process with a strong reliance on epigenetic regulation involving DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. We have previously shown that one carbon metabolism is dysregulated in MS, specifically the methyl donor betaine is depleted in the MS brain. Betaine donates methyl groups to betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) in the methionine cycle to increase S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for epigenetic methylation processes. In the present study we tested the effects of activating the BHMT methylation pathway on preventing MS pathology. We describe a novel mechanism mediated by BHMT and the Ten-eleven translocator enzyme (TET1) that converts 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). We show that this pathway supports oligodendrocyte metabolism to enhance myelin and reduce clinical disability in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. ChIP-seq studies show that BHMT is enriched at genes involved in OPC metabolism and proximal ligation assays (PLAs) demonstrate that BHMT interacts with TET1 on chromatin. This interaction regulates gene expression programs that support a shift in OPC metabolism to glycolysis during neuroinflammatory processes. These data highlight the critical role of methionine metabolism in supporting myelination and have important implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for MS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
20h agoPerceptual decisions can be influenced by expectations that arise from different sources. However, relatively little is known about how and where in the brain these different sources affect decision formation, particularly in the auditory system. To begin to address this question, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from the auditory cortex (AC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) while monkeys performed an auditory frequency-discrimination task. We manipulated their expectations by presenting either informative cues (LEDs that predicted the target frequency) or uninformative cues (tone sequences that did not predict the target frequency) prior to target onset. Both cues had similar effects on the monkeys accuracy and response times but induced distinct neurophysiological signatures. Coherence, a measure of undirected coupling, between AC and vlPFC increased from cue to target presentation on informative trials but decreased from cue to target presentation on uninformative trials. Phase-slope index (PSI), a measure of directed coupling, between AC and vlPFC was strongest when the target tone contradicted expectations, particularly for ambiguous stimulus conditions when expectations were most valuable. These expectation-dependent changes in the magnitude of functional connectivity also included changes in its spatial organization. Together, these findings provide new insights into how different expectations can dynamically reconfigure functional connectivity between cortical brain areas to support different task demands and behavioral outcomes.
20h agoCa2+ is a ubiquitous regulator of cellular function, linking electrical activity to gene expression, secretion, metabolism, and synaptic plasticity. Yet, tools for its direct, time-resolved optical manipulation remain limited. Here, we report that NlCCR, a channelrhodopsin from Nutomonas longa, possesses high Ca2+ permeability, enabling precise optical control of Ca2+ signaling. Compared with CapChR2, the most potent engineered Ca2+-conducting channelrhodopsin, NlCCR combines larger and faster photocurrents, higher Ca2+ permeability, weaker desensitization, and reduced inward rectification. Mutational analysis identified determinants of Ca2+ selectivity and further enhanced it by introducing carboxylate residues at the channel's central gate. NlCCR's blue-shifted absorption (445 nm) minimized optical crosstalk with a red-shifted Ca2+ indicator, laying the groundwork for all-optical experiments. In mouse cortical pyramidal neurons, NlCCR enabled synaptic transmission independently of endogenous voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. These findings establish NlCCR as a broadly applicable tool for direct, temporally precise manipulation of Ca2+-dependent signaling in living systems.
20h agoLanguage can shape pain by conveying conceptual information about future somatosensory experiences. However, how verbal input is encoded in the brain and how these representations are later implemented during pain modulation remains unclear. We used a standardized hypnotic procedure with fMRI to test how verbal suggestions of hypoalgesia and hyperalgesia (vs neutral control) modulate pain. We quantified convergent neural responses across individuals during both suggestion encoding and pain processing, using inter-subject correlation and multivoxel pattern similarity approaches, respectively, and related these measures to individual differences in hypnotic suggestibility using representational similarity analysis. More suggestible individuals showed similar temporal dynamics in language-related regions during encoding and more similar hypoalgesia-specific patterns in the left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) during pain. In contrast, lower suggestibility was associated with convergent responses in sensorimotor and monitoring systems across phases, demonstrating different neural implementation in individuals less successful in converting suggestions into hypoalgesia. These findings identify the PHG as a key region linking the effect of verbal suggestions to subsequent pain relief and show that hypnotic suggestibility structures how neural dynamics during language processing translate into altered pain experiences. This study offers a mechanistic lens for understanding how medical hypnosis and language-based therapies influence pain.
20h agoAperiodic neural activity has been reliably shown to be reduced among older adults, and these reductions are associated with age-related cognitive decline. These results suggest that aperiodic activity, as measured by the spectral exponent, might be a viable electrophysiological biomarker for cognitive aging. However, this has not been tested longitudinally, within participants, during normal aging. Here, we used a longitudinal cohort to test whether changes in aperiodic activity between two sessions, approximately 5 years apart, track behavioral change across two domains: sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance Test) and executive function (modified Simon task). We found that aperiodic activity declined within individuals after the interval, independent of age at baseline. This within-person change tracked concurrent changes in reaction times during visual attention but was not associated with changes in any Simon task measure. Within a resampling framework, the aperiodic-PVT association was stable across cohort resamples and independently fitted partitions, though it was not confirmed in a small, frozen held-out set. These findings suggest the longitudinal decline in aperiodic activity specifically tracks sustained-attention processing speed rather than general cognitive aging, supporting its potential as a domain-specific biomarker of attentional aging in neurotypical populations.
20h agoSleep disruption is common in Alzheimers disease (AD). Diphenhydramine (DPH), a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, is widely used as an over-the-counter sleep aid. We tested whether chronic DPH treatment alters sleep architecture in 5XFAD and wild-type mice. Female 5XFAD (n=16) and wild-type (WT) littermates (n=14) were implanted with wireless telemetry recording devices to measure electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), temperature, and activity continuously. After a 24h baseline recording at 5 months of age, mice received oral DPH (10 mg/kg) or vehicle at ZT0 for one month. After this chronic treatment, sleep was recorded continuously for 48h during ongoing dosing. Sleep was scored as rapid eye movement (REM), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) 1, NREM2, or wake. A survival curve analysis was used to investigate the microarchitecture of sleep phases after chronic diphenhydramine treatment. At baseline, 5XFAD mice had more time in NREM1 than WT controls and had shorter REM and NREM2 bouts. Chronic DPH treatment fragmented NREM2 in both genotypes, reducing long NREM2 bouts. DPH increased total duration of NREM1 and REM during the active phase, which is analogous to daytime drowsiness in humans. DPH did not rescue 5XFAD sleep deficits; instead, DPH treatment exacerbated NREM2 fragmentation. Overall, chronic DPH use degrades sleep quality and increases fragmentation in both WT and AD-model mice, which questions the use of sedating anticholinergics as sleep aids, especially in AD.
20h agoYou remember what you attend to and you attend to what you remember. Memory is supported through engagement of mnemonic brain states, multivariate whole brain activity patterns that modulate downstream processing and behavior. Attention can be focused externally to the environment or internally to thoughts and mental representations. To understand and promote successful cognition, it is critical to establish the extent to which the same brain states support both memory and attention processes. We recorded scalp EEG during three tasks in which we manipulated external and internal attention demands. We applied an independently-validated mnemonic state classifier to these data and find evidence in support of our hypothesis that memory encoding and retrieval states map onto the external/internal axis of attention. Furthermore, our findings reveal sub-second fluctuations in mnemonic states. These results demonstrate that domain general mnemonic states support attentional orienting and can be used to detect moment-to-moment shifts in attention.
24h agoAutomation has been shown to weaken the sense of agency (SoA), the experience of controlling one's actions and their outcomes, by disrupting the predictive link between intention and effect. Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a solution, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms through which explanations restore agency remain unclear. Across three EEG experiments using an autonomous-driving paradigm, we examined how automation and different forms of AI explanations modulate explicit agency judgments and early neural markers of agency-related predictive processing. In Experiment 1, automation reduced explicit feelings of control and was associated with reduced sensory attenuation, as reflected by increased P1-N1 amplitudes, decreased N1-P2 amplitudes. In Experiment 2, distal (goal-level) explanations partially restored agency and selectively modulated early auditory responses, decreasing P1-N1 and increasing N1-P2 amplitudes. In Experiment 3, combining distal and proximal (trajectory-level) explanations produced the strongest behavioural and neural restoration of agency, yielding a graded attenuation of P1-N1 and enhanced N1-P2 responses. Across all experiments, mismatch negativity (MMN) remained unaffected, indicating that pre-attentive deviance detection is preserved regardless of agency or explainability. Together, these results identify component-specific EEG markers that track fluctuations in the sense of agency and demonstrate that multi-level intention sharing by AI systems enhances both predictive engagement and explicit control experience. This work provides a neurocognitive foundation for designing explainable autonomous systems capable of maintaining user agency.
24h agoPurpose: Recent improvements in MRI gradient design and amplifiers, advanced MRI scanners are now routinely utilizing slew rates of several hundred T/m/s. However, full gradient performance cannot be exploited in high-resolution EPI due to peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) limits. We aim to characterize and mitigate these PNS constraints using a simple sequence modification: PNS-optimized EPI gradient pulse shapes. Methods: PNS-Optimized Pulses for EPI (POPE): we selectively reduce the slew rate of gradient pulses at periods of high predicted PNS spikes, while leaving the rest of the waveform unchanged. Results: POPE allows 7%-35% faster imaging of EPI protocols resolutions of 1mm-0.3mm resolutions without exceeding predicted PNS. With such improvements, POPE allows robust 0.3 mm isotropic fMRI protocols that would have exceeded safety limits without it. Conclusion: POPE facilitates locally precise fMRI activation mapping on clinical 7T scanners at spatial resolution that were previously unattainable due to PNS limitations.
24h agoFunctional MRI provides a powerful way to characterize the architecture of the human brain. Yet individual brains often vary in the exact anatomic locations of functionally specific regions; as a result of this variability, traditional random-effects group analyses (RFX) often require unrealistically large sample sizes to converge onto stable results. Here, we explore the scaling patterns for an alternative fMRI analysis framework that accounts for inter-individual topographic variability while still capturing spatial similarities--group-constrained, subject-specific (GcSS) analysis. Using sixteen contrasts from four Human Connectome Project tasks (spanning language, social cognition, motor, and working memory), we first show that the GcSS approach yields much larger effect sizes than traditional RFX analyses. We then investigate the impact of sample size (N=10-450) on the estimation of three key GcSS outputs: (1) group probabilistic maps for the contrast of interest, (2) group-level parcels that serve as anatomical constraints for subsequent functional region of interest (fROI) definitions in individual subjects, and (3) effect sizes of fROI responses to task conditions. For most contrasts, the probabilistic maps show good reliability at N=100 (intraclass correlation, ICC=.75) and excellent reliability at N=200 (ICC=.90). Most group parcels also achieve substantial agreement at N=100 (Dice coefficient, DC=.80). Critically, once robust group parcels are established, the subject-specific portion of the analysis can proceed with much smaller sample sizes: even samples of N=10 participants yield accurate effect size estimates within subject-specific fROIs, detecting 80% of practically meaningful effects (effect size [≥] 0.2); with N=20, this increases to 90%. The scaling patterns we observed held not only in the cortex, but also in the cerebellum. Our results challenge the view that fMRI research requires large samples: once the broad region of interest is established (with N=100 or higher), fROI-based analyses can yield generalizable results with small sample sizes (N=10 or N=20).
24h agoBackground: Aggregated alpha-synuclein (syn) phosphorylated at serine 129 (PS129) accumulates in synucleinopathies, with the olfactory bulb (OB) being severely affected. Non-aggregated physiological PS129 is abundant in the mammalian OB, where it likely modulates syn-protein interactions. The impact of aggregation on the PS129 interactome in the OB remains unclear. We hypothesized that syn aggregation alters the PS129 interactome, shifting canonical synaptic partners (e.g., SNARE proteins) toward the aggregate-associated network. To test this hypothesis, we mapped PS129 interactions in the OB of PFF-injected WT and SNCAA53T/A53T (M83) mice using biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR) and pretreated with calf-intestine alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) to distinguish physiological from aggregate-associated PS129 interactomes. Seeding and spread were assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ seeding immunodetection assay (isSID). Results: Following OB-PFF injections, CIAP-resistant aggregates and seeds were detected throughout the neuroaxis of M83 mice (e.g., OB to brainstem) but less so in WT mice. isSID seeding was concentrated near CIAP-resistant aggregates, but the overlap was only partial. BAR-PS129 identified 2,309 proteins in M83 OBs and 990 proteins in WT OBs. Of these, 357 proteins in M83 mice and 247 proteins in WT mice were associated with the CIAP-resistant, aggregate-enriched PS129 fraction. In both models, the CIAP-resistant interactome largely overlapped with the broader PS129 interactome, suggesting that seeded aggregation primarily affects existing PS129 interactions rather than directing the formation of new pathological ones. A conserved 107-protein CIAP-resistant signature shared between M83, and WT mice was enriched for axon-glia adhesion, myelin-associated, axonal/cytoskeletal, proteostatic, and synaptic vesicle-related proteins. Conclusion: Aggregated PS129 engages a subset of PS129 networks enriched at axon-glial interfaces. CIAP-resistant aggregates were partially associated with seed competency, indicating that CIAP resistance and seed competency are related but not equivalent. These results provide molecular details of syn seeding and spread from the OB.
24h agoFrontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are linked neurodegenerative diseases characterized by both synaptic dysfunction and TDP-43 pathology. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in the C9ORF72 (C9) gene represents the most common genetic cause of FTD and ALS, yet the synapse-specific mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we performed integrated multi-omic profiling of synaptosomes enriched from postmortem frontal cortex and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons to define molecular alterations associated with C9-FTD-mediated synaptic dysfunction. Proteomic profiling of frontal cortex-derived synaptosomes identified 1,324 differentially abundant proteins (p<0.05) enriched in pathways regulating synaptic vesicle transport and synapse organization, while synaptosomal RNA sequencing revealed 2,835 differentially expressed protein-coding genes. C9-FTD iPSC-cortical neurons exhibited reductions in excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic markers, accompanied by progressive impairment of neuronal network activity, supporting both structural and functional deficits. iPSC-derived synaptosomes recapitulated key molecular pathways observed in patient brain, revealing convergent dysregulation of synaptic signaling pathways. Comparative analyses revealed divergence between protein and RNA alterations, consistent with the disruption of regulatory processes that link RNA and protein abundance diseased synapses. Consistent with TDP-43 loss-of-function pathology we identified cryptic exon (CE)-containing transcripts within C9-FTD frontal cortex-derived synaptosomes, including KALRN and STMN2, providing evidence that aberrantly spliced RNAs localize to synaptic compartments. Together, these findings define convergent molecular pathways underlying synapse vulnerability in both C9-FTD model systems and identify synaptic localization of CE-containing transcripts as a previously unrecognized feature of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
24h agoThe processes that underlie the folding of the cerebral cortex of large mammals and the evolution of the smooth cortex of modern rodents are incompletely understood. Recent evidence highlighted adhesion-controlled neuronal migration as an important mechanism. Genetic deletion in mice of FLRT1 and FLRT3 cell-adhesion proteins perturbed cortical neuron migration, lead to region-specific neuronal clustering, and introduced cortical folds into the normally smooth mouse cortex, suggesting that Increased expression of FLRT protein may have contributed to cortex smoothening. Here, we identify protocadherin-10 (PCDH10) as a key regulator of neuronal clustering in this context. Using single-cell transcriptomics and spatial proteomics, we describe a cortical neuron subtype in which loss of FLRT1/3 triggers local upregulation of PCDH10 in a specific cortical region. Elevated PCDH10 drives homophilic adhesion and the formation of cell patches that segregate from FLR1/3-deficient migrating neurons. This segregation leads to discrete clustering of Flrt1/3-mutant neurons and correlates with the emergence of cortical folds. Consistent with an evolutionary role, comparative expression analysis showed reciprocal expression of FLRT3 and PCDH10, with high FLRT3 and low PCDH10 expression in the smooth mouse cortex, and the opposite pattern in the developing human cortex. Together, our findings reveal how the antagonism between different classes of cell adhesion molecules affects cortical neuron migration patterns, contributes to region-specific cortical folding and may have promoted evolutionary smoothening of the rodent cortex.
24h agoWith the newly uncovered access to a genetic line labeling all campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster and the many insights gathered from larger insects, we analyzed the distribution and patterning of this class of proprioceptors throughout the fly nervous system and studied CS function in motor control. We demonstrate via two-photon calcium imaging microscopy that campaniform sensilla activation induces activity in many leg muscles, showing that these proprioceptive stimuli can influence motor neuron activity. We then dissected how the lack of these proprioceptive stimuli influence walking behavior, leg kinematics, and interleg coordination in freely-walking flies using transient optogenetic inhibition and video tracking with high spatiotemporal resolution. We show that CS inhibition robustly affects Drosophila melanogaster ability to reach their typical walking speeds. Detailed analysis of leg kinematic suggests that shorter stance amplitudes characterized by their long-lasting duration were behind the speed deficits. Dissecting this phenotype also revealed the inability to maintain coordinated interleg stepping patterns as well as postural control in absence of proprioceptive force and load feedback.
24h agoArtists and photographers use diagonals to convey dynamism, tension and instability in naturalistic and abstract images. However, the oblique effect in visual perception refers to a reduced sensitivity to oblique compared to cardinal (vertical/horizontal) orientations, linked to anisotropy in the distribution of preferred orientations of primary visual cortex neurons, which reflect the statistical distribution of edge orientations in natural images. Distal diagonals generically project onto oblique orientations on the retina, creating a conundrum between their perceptual salience in art and their reduced sensitivity in vision. We conjectured that global spatial configurations could shape perceived dynamism overriding local orientations. Inspired by van Doesburg's 1929 Arithmetical Composition, we created 60 distinct linear configurations of four identically-shaped rhombi each, in which global and local-edge orientations were independently manipulated to be cardinal or oblique, and measured their perceived dynamism with behavioral, psychophysical, and psychophysiological methods. First, 250 observers rated oblique configurations as more dynamic, tridimensional, and unstable than cardinal configurations, with wedge shapes and element spacing enhancing dynamism. Second, pairwise comparisons (50 observers) yielded a perceptual dynamism scale that confirmed the dominant role of global orientations. Third, pupillometry (35 observers) showed that pupil dilation correlates systematically with subjective dynamism ratings. Perceived dynamism in static images is thus driven primarily by the orientation and shape of spatial configurations, indicating the importance of estimating orientations and shapes of multi-element objects beyond decoding local orientations. By linking visual structure to emotional perceptual experience, this investigation provides empirically grounded principles for creating dynamic percepts in visual art.
24h agoSensory gating is commonly indexed by suppression of the auditory P50 component in the paired-click paradigm. However, P50 findings have varied considerably across studies, laboratories, and populations, prompting calls for the standardisation of methodological practice. EEG preprocessing represents one source of methodological variation that requires standardisation. To date, filtering is the only preprocessing step to have been examined empirically. Segmentation and artifact handling have varied across paired-click studies without empirical evaluation, and, to our knowledge, the standardized measurement error (SME) has not been applied to P50 paired-click estimates. The present study addressed both gaps. Fifty-six neurotypical adults completed a paired-click paradigm consisting of 120 trials. Four preprocessing pipelines were constructed by crossing Segmentation (Short vs Long) with Artifact Handling (threshold-based rejection vs rejection of non-ocular artifacts followed by Gratton and Coles ocular correction). A bootstrapped SME (bSME) was used to quantify the precision of peak-to-peak P50 amplitudes at Cz and FCz, alongside an analysis of trial retention. Correction pipelines retained more trials and produced lower bSME values (higher precision) than Rejection pipelines, at both electrodes and across S1, S2, and suppression score outcomes. Segmentation and Artifact Handling did not operate independently: Segmentation had a negligible impact under Correction, whereas Long segmentation consistently produced the highest bSME values (lowest precision) under Rejection. A regression analysis showed that trial retention accounted for the large majority of the pipeline differences in bSME. This study therefore recommends that future paired-click studies correct, rather than reject, trials containing ocular artifacts, and adopt Short segmentation where matched S1-S2 averaging is not required.
24h agoTinnitus is commonly associated with psychosocial stress. However, it is unclear whether stress alone is sufficient to induce neural alterations resulting in tinnitus. In this study, we investigated the causal role of stress in tinnitus generation by experimentally isolating stress exposure as the sole independent variable in a well-established Mongolian gerbil model. Animals were subjected to repeated, inescapable electric foot shocks over three weeks to create a chronic, repeated stress paradigm. Behavioural, endocrine and histological measures were combined to assess tinnitus perception, stress system activation and cochlear synaptopathy. Repeated stress exposure reliably activated the endocrine stress response, as indicated by transient increases in serum cortisol following specific stress sessions. Basal cortisol levels returned to baseline values after the stress period. Behavioural assessment using gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex revealed only isolated cases of behavioural signs of tinnitus, which occurred at a frequency consistent with false-positive detection and were evenly distributed between stress-exposed and control animals. Histological analyses revealed that ribbon synapse counts were preserved across the cochlea, with no evidence of stress-induced synaptopathy. No systematic relationships were observed between endocrine activation, behavioural outcomes and the number of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in the absence of acoustic trauma, repeated chronic stress is not sufficient to induce tinnitus or inner hair cell synaptopathy. These results argue against a primary causal role of stress alone in tinnitus generation and instead support models in which stress modulates symptom expression or perceptual salience in the context of pre-existing auditory dysfunction.
24h agoThis tutorial seeks to facilitate the use of mobile electroencephalography (EEG) in young chil-dren. Mobile EEG allows researchers to investigate neural correlates of behavioral and cognitive processes in ecologically valid settings. While mobile EEG has been widely adopted in adult re-search, studies applying it to freely moving children remain scarce. However, investigating neural processes during active behavior and in interaction with movement is indispensable for advancing our understanding of neural correlates of cognitive development in early childhood. Here, we provide a practical tutorial on the collection and preprocessing of mobile EEG data from chil-dren. Drawing on experience and data from a large-scale study with toddlers, we summarize key methodological considerations, discuss common challenges and practical recommendations, and present a preprocessing pipeline developed for developmental mobile EEG data. In addition, we provide example EEG datasets from naturally moving 18-20-month-old toddlers. We argue that incorporating mobile EEG into developmental cognitive neuroscience allows researchers to (i) investigate cognitive development in naturalistic environments, (ii) examine associations among bodily movement, neural activity, and behavior, and (iii) study samples that are difficult to reach with stationary research.
24h agoCollective social events often require coordinated action by one group to become shared experience in another, yet how this transformation is organized across multiple brains remains unclear. Live music provides a tractable model of this problem because ensemble coordination, performer-audience alignment, and shared audience integration unfold within the same event. Here we tested whether performer-audience neural coupling acts as a cross-role neural interface linking ensemble coordination to shared audience integration. We recorded brain activity from a nine-person live performance system, consisting of a fixed three-performer ensemble and four independent audience groups, using synchronized multi-device functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning across live trio performance sessions. Inter-brain neural coupling was analyzed across three relational layers: performer-performer (PP), performer-audience (PA), and audience-audience (AA) coupling. Behavioral ratings showed strong affective engagement and shared evaluative alignment. Neural coupling during live performance was not expressed as a diffuse increase across channel pairs, but was organized into task-sensitive relational components with interpretable PC-corr network modules. Crucially, path-based mediation analyses revealed that PA components statistically bridged PP coordination and AA coupling, yielding multiple complete and partial PP->PA->AA pathways. Brain-behavior analyses further suggested that mediation-related PA components were linked to shared performance evaluation and emotional alignment. These findings identify performer-audience coupling as a cross-role neural interface through which coordinated production becomes linked to shared collective reception.
24h agoAcquired central nervous system (CNS) injury is one of the most common neurological conditions globally, yet effective treatment options are lacking. As the main tissue-resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia have emerged as key functional regulators of CNS repair. However, means to induce neuroprotective microglia and harness their intrinsic repair capabilities have remained elusive. Here we identify gp130 as a key receptor molecule for facilitating bidirectional microglia-neuron communication that improves outcomes from CNS injury. We show that activation of gp130 in CNS-resident microglia triggers the secretion of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neurotrophic cytokine. In turn, LIF induces neuronal IL-6 secretion that then acts back onto the microglial gp130 receptor, thus creating a positive feedback loop. We demonstrate the broad therapeutic potential of acute gp130 activation across multiple models, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury, and that this pathway can be leveraged therapeutically with gp130-activating designer cytokines.
28h agoLiteracy development involves the recognition and integration of auditory and visual signals and as such offers a unique opportunity to track the development of an eventually efficient multisensory processing network. To shed light on this topic we conducted a 12-month longitudinal 3 Tesla functional and structural MRI study in children beginning to receive formal literacy instruction. Twenty-three six-year-old German-speaking participants completed four fMRI sessions during which they were presented with letters, speech sounds, or their audiovisual combinations in congruent and incongruent formats. Longitudinal changes in BOLD response amplitude were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Over the course of learning to read, we observed significant changes in modulations of BOLD activity for the congruent - incongruent contrast within a left-lateralised network encompassing the central opercular cortex, anterior supramarginal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) and frontal pole. These effects were primarily driven by a gradual increase of response amplitude across sessions, consistent with the refinement of audiovisual integration mechanisms. Together, these findings demonstrate reorganisation within established regions known to be related to language processing and multisensory integration during early literacy development, highlighting the utility of longitudinal MRI for tracking experience-dependent neuroplastic changes in brain function and structure.
32h agoResting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies in schizophrenia commonly rely on normalization to volumetric templates and fixed atlas parcellations derived from neurotypical populations. While these approaches enable group-level comparisons, they may obscure individual variation in cortical organization and intrinsic brain dynamics. In this study, we compared four preprocessing and parcellation strategies across two independent schizophrenia cohorts (MRI site 1, n=159; MRI site 2, n=255) to evaluate how analytic choices affect static functional connectivity and dynamic quasi-periodic pattern (QPP) measures, including default mode-dorsal attention network opposition, QPP component rank, explained variance, event rate, and associations with PANSS symptom severity. Across datasets, individualized surface-based parcellation (IndiPar) consistently detected more pronounced QPP dynamics, stronger default mode / dorsal attention network opposition, and greater explained variance of QPPs relative to atlas-based pipelines. IndiPar also produced larger and more reproducible patient-control differences in functional connectivity and QPP event-rate measures, suggesting improved sensitivity through preservation of subject-specific organization. IndiPar additionally detected a significantly increased QPP event rate and more symptom associations in patients in the larger dataset. However, associations between fMRI measures and symptom severity showed limited stability across cohorts. These findings extend previous reports of altered resting-state activity in schizophrenia, and demonstrate that preprocessing and parcellation choices substantially influence both static and dynamic rs-fMRI results. Individualized surface-based parcellation appears to better preserve subject-specific variability and improves detection of intrinsic brain dynamics. At the same time, the limited cross-dataset replication of symptom associations highlights the challenges of deriving stable brain-symptom relationships from heterogeneous psychiatric cohorts.
32h agoThe ventral premotor cortex (PMv) has been implicated in both action selection and the perception of observed actions, but it remains unclear whether PMv activity during action observation reflects the observed action itself, or variables related to the observer's own action when the observed action becomes behaviourally relevant. Here, we recorded neural activity in macaque PMv during a task that dissociated observed action, rule context, and the subsequently selected self-action. Population activity during observation was already biased toward the upcoming self-action and became increasingly aligned with it. At the level of single neurons, subsets showed modulation by rule and required self-action beyond the observed action. Task-related variables coexisted during observation, rather than being organized into distinct sequential stages. These findings indicate that PMv activity during action observation is not solely determined by the observed action, but instead reflects variables related to the selection of the agent's own action, consistent with a transformation from observed action to self-action.
32h agoThis study explores the nonlinear developmental trajectories of brain networks in neurotypically developing infants during their first six months. Using a longitudinal dataset of 137 resting-state functional MRI scans from 74 infants, we analyzed five spatial metrics across 13 intrinsic connectivity networks, including motor, visual, subcortical, and prefrontal networks. A cubic model was specifically employed to capture distinct linear and non-linear trends in the networks' developmental patterns, allowing for the identification of significant differences in cubic, quadratic, and linear slope parameters across networks. This model choice was driven by the need to examine how specific non-linear components (e.g., inflection points and acceleration rates) uniquely characterize each network's trajectory, which a generalized approach might smooth out without pinpointing such network-specific features. Notably, the subcortical network exhibited a distinct cubic growth pattern, while secondary motor and visual networks showed pronounced quadratic variations, suggesting network-specific shifts in spatial organization and connectivity. These findings highlight the unique maturation timelines and interactions between functional systems, such as early sensory-motor coordination and later cognitive integration. The results underscore the importance of network-specific growth patterns, providing deeper insights into how infant brain networks evolve and interact to support emerging cognitive and behavioral functions.
32h agoNeural activity is organized in low-dimensional structure, yet functional connectivity in fMRI typically represents each brain parcel by a single voxel-averaged time series. This scalar representation makes whole-brain connectivity tractable but discards potentially informative dimensions of within-parcel BOLD activity. Here, we represent each parcel by a low-dimensional temporal subspace derived from its principal-component time series and use the RV coefficient to quantify connectivity between regional subspaces. Across Human Connectome Project resting-state and working-memory data, progressively expanding these subspaces reveals reproducible connectivity regimes with distinct network and identifiability profiles. At rest, connectivity constructed from the first principal component identifies individuals more strongly than either voxel-averaged functional connectivity or higher-dimensional subspace representations. During working memory, identifiability instead peaks after secondary components are included, indicating that the distribution of individual-specific information across the regional PCA spectrum depends on cognitive state. These patterns replicate across independent samples and remain robust across multiple parcellation resolutions. Together, our findings show that within-parcel BOLD structure contains identity- and state-dependent information that is obscured by scalar regional summaries. Functional connectivity may therefore be better understood as a family of related connectomes indexed by the regional subspace retained, providing a general framework for mapping interactions between low-dimensional neural representations.
32h agoDirect electrocortical stimulation (ECS) is a well-established brain mapping technique that helps achieve safe and effective resection of epileptic foci, tumors or vascular malformations. Recent studies using electrocorticography (ECoG) suggest that ECS' exerted effects on brain sites are determined by the roles of those sites in larger networks. However, ECoG has limited spatial coverage. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging from eighteen participants during performance of five distinct language tasks to assess the functional network signatures of cortical sites defined as critical for speech and language by ECS. We found that critical sites causing speech arrests (SA) and language errors (LE) exhibited distinct network properties. Both types of critical sites exhibited lower local and global connectivity than non-critical sites. LE sites showed greater connectivity across sub-networks (communities) than both non-critical and SA sites, indicating their role as connectors across functional networks. This connector profile of LE sites was most robust when considering network connectivity across the entire brain; notably, the distinctiveness of these sites diminished when metrics were computed only on connections in smaller regions. Connector sites were concentrated primarily in temporal regions -- including the temporal pole and superior/middle temporal gyri -- as well as inferior parietal cortices. Finally, we leveraged network connectivity features to train machine learning models that accurately predicted which sites were critical. Our results extend prior ECoG results and imply that the criticality of a cortical site is determined by its functional connectivity patterns across the whole brain. These findings provide a framework for predicting cortical sites critical for speech and language function, which may ultimately help accelerate or improve brain mapping.
32h agoHuntington's disease is a severe neurodegenerative condition arising from an abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene, which leads to the production of a mutant Huntingtin protein carrying an extended polyglutamine stretch. Although the field has largely centred on the toxic effects gained by this mutant protein, growing evidence points to the loss of normal wild-type Huntingtin function as an additional contributor to disease progression. Despite this, the cell-intrinsic roles of wild-type Huntingtin in neuronal biology remain poorly defined, in part because disentangling its specific contributions from broader network-level effects has proven technically challenging. To address this knowledge gap, we took advantage of the Drosophila huntingtin homolog (htt) and selectively manipulated its expression in the small lateral ventral neurons (sLNvs), a discrete cluster of just eight circadian pacemaker neurons that govern behavioral rhythmicity and sleep. Through targeted genetic knock-down, we show that reducing htt levels in sLNvs weakens the robustness of free-running circadian rhythms and substantially increases sleep in female flies. These behavioral changes are not rooted in developmental abnormalities, as restricting htt knock-down to adult flies reproduces the sleep phenotype across both beam-crossing and video-based locomotion assays. At the cellular level, htt loss disrupts dense core vesicle trafficking along sLNv axons, altering the fraction of motile vesicles and their velocity, and abolishing the time-of-day-dependent fluctuations in vesicle dynamics observed in these neurons. Complementary electrophysiological recordings using whole-cell patch-clamp further reveal that htt knock-down lowers action potential firing rates without perturbing resting membrane potential. Together, these results identify huntingtin as a cell-autonomous regulator of neuropeptide trafficking, neuronal excitability and circadian output. Beyond advancing our understanding of wild-type huntingtin physiology, this work carries direct relevance for HD therapeutic strategies, particularly those involving huntingtin-lowering approaches, by highlighting functions that may be unintentionally compromised.
32h agoSubanaesthetic ketamine alters the content of consciousness while leaving responsiveness intact. We asked whether this state can be decoded from single eyes-closed EEG epochs, and how spectral power and phase-based connectivity compare when used as features. Re-analysing openly available 62-channel EEG from ten participants (awake versus subanaesthetic ketamine), we trained classifiers under leave-one-subject-out cross-validation to discriminate the two conditions from log band power, weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) connectivity, and their concatenation. Band power decoded the ketamine state above chance (balanced accuracy 0.71), whereas wPLI connectivity computed on the same epochs was at chance (0.47), and combining the feature sets did not improve on power alone. The dissociation held across three classifier families and across spatial montages, and was not explained by the dimensionality of the connectivity feature space. To identify its source, we decomposed the per-feature drug effect into components shared across subjects and subject-specific. The ketamine effect on connectivity was large within individuals but largely subject-specific, and therefore not transferable to held-out subjects (shared fraction 0.05), whereas the spectral effect was substantially shared across subjects (0.53); both feature classes carried comparable individual identity, so the asymmetry reflects transferability rather than fingerprint-likeness. The spectral signature was also recoverable from a sparse electrode subset, as a five-channel lateral montage performed as well as the full array. Undirected phase connectivity thus fails to decode subanaesthetic ketamine not through insufficient spatial sampling, but because the connectivity drug effect is subject-specific in form.
32h agoElectromyography (EMG) is fundamental to clinical assessment, rehabilitation, neuromuscular research, and human-machine interfaces. Despite decades of use, no widely adopted standard exists for organizing and sharing EMG data, limiting reusability and large-scale data aggregation. We present EMG-BIDS, an extension to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) that standardizes the organization of EMG recordings. EMG-BIDS addresses challenges unique to EMG, including diverse electrode types (surface or intramuscular, single channel to high-density arrays), heterogeneous electrode placements across anatomical locations, montages (e.g., monopolar or bipolar sensor designs), and the critical need for transparent documentation of sensor positioning. The specification introduces hierarchical coordinate systems that link local electrode grids to anatomical landmarks, enabling precise and reproducible placement documentation. EMG-BIDS is now part of BIDS as of version 1.11.0, supported by existing tools, including MNE-BIDS and EEGLAB. We demonstrate the specification through public datasets, including high-density surface EMG recordings. EMG-BIDS provides the foundation for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) EMG data sharing, enabling meta-analyses, multi-site studies, and machine learning applications that require standardized, well-documented datasets.
32h agoMagnetoencephalography (MEG) measures human neural activity non-invasively with spatio-temporal precision, and has been foundational in enabling impactful discoveries in cognitive neuroscience. New on-scalp MEG sensor technologies, such as OPM-MEG, offer the opportunity to capture more information about the neuronal magnetic fields with higher sensitivity to more complex, higher order spatial components, leading to improved source localization. The accuracy of MEG and OPM-MEG source localization relies on data preprocessing techniques to isolate the neuronal fields from other magnetic and biomagnetic sources through signal space separation, rejection, and suppression methods. Current preprocessing methods risk rejecting brain signals of interest, or can spread sensor noise artifacts unknowingly. Here we propose a novel preprocessing method for MEG, and test the extent to which it overcomes limitations of prior methods. Specifically, we derive, apply, and assess a novel signal space separation (SSS) method with Foster's inverse, a weighted matrix inversion protocol that can utilize information about the MEG sensor noise and artifacts to reconstruct neuronal activity. With simulations, phantom head cryogenic MEG recordings, and subject recordings with two OPM-MEG systems, we show that Foster's inverse with SSS offers a more robust and stable reconstruction of the neuronal magnetic fields, especially in the face of sensor noise and artifacts. As the field of cognitive neuroscience continues to embrace MEG and OPM-MEG, Foster's inverse with SSS offers a robust and powerful data preprocessing technique for reducing noise and improving source localization of the underlying neuronal currents.
32h agoThe aim of this study was to characterize the BXD51 mouse strain as a reproducible model of chronic progressive glaucoma. Unlike the highly susceptible DBA/2J (D2) mutant strain, BXD51 is a genetically stable recombinant inbred line derived from C57BL/6J (B6) and D2 parental lines. Longitudinal assessments of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and pattern electroretinogram (pERG) demonstrated that BXD51 mice undergo a delayed decline in visual and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function. Their decline is biphasic, with a period of initial ocular stress followed by a late-onset, accelerated structural and functional deterioration of RGCs. Anterior segment structural analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology demonstrated increasing pigment dispersion and subsequent iridocorneal angle closure. Immunofluorescence analysis of structural neuronal markers (TUBB3 and MAP1/2) exhibited thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) together with axonal degeneration, mirroring the laminar degeneration seen in human glaucoma patients. BXD51 also revealed marked spatial heterogeneity between peripheral and central retina. Multivariate analysis confirmed that BXD51 follows a distinct clinical trajectory that separates it from both wild-type (B6) and a severe glaucoma model (D2). By spanning the range between resistance and extreme susceptibility to glaucomatous neurodegeneration, this study establishes the BXD51 mouse as a translational platform for mechanistic studies and for evaluating long-term neuroprotective strategies.
32h agoPurpose: Synaptic dysfunction and neurite remodeling are early features of many inherited retinal diseases, but whether synaptic function can be restored after circuit remodeling remains unclear. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated 2{delta}4 gene supplementation in a mouse model of CACNA2D4-associated retinal synaptopathy. Methods: AAV8-GRK1-2{delta}4 was delivered by subretinal injection to 2{delta}4 knockout mice at neonatal, young adult, or middle-aged adult stages. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography. Synaptic organization and circuit remodeling were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: AAV-mediated 2{delta}4 expression restored synaptic localization of Cav1.4, ELFN proteins, and mGluR6 at all treatment ages. However, circuit structure and functional rescue were age- and circuit-dependent. Neonatal treatment restored rod and cone transmission and prevented photoreceptor terminal retraction and bipolar cell dendritic sprouting. Rescue in young adults improved rod and cone circuit function but did not reverse neurite remodeling. Rescue in middle-aged mice restored cone but not rod transmission. Notably, neonatal treatment produced the highest proportion of synapses within synaptic layer, whereas adult treatment generated increasing ectopic synapses in nuclear layer. Conclusions: Photoreceptor synaptic assembly remains plastic in remodeled retinas and can be restored by 2{delta}4 supplementation. However, rescue efficacy is influenced by age and circuits with rod circuits exhibiting a narrower therapeutic window. Synaptic molecular reassembly can occur without neurite restoration. These findings establish 2{delta}4 gene therapy as a promising treatment for CACNA2D4-associated retinal synaptopathy and reveal distinct intervention windows for synaptic assembly, neurite remodeling, and rod versus cone circuit recovery.
32h agoMajor depressive disorder and bipolar depression are disabling illnesses associated with impaired neuroplasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered cellular bioenergetics. Available pharmacotherapies often have delayed onset, incomplete efficacy, and limited effects on underlying plasticity and energetic systems. Non-selective thyroid hormone therapies provide evidence that enhancing central thyroid hormone signaling may improve depressive symptoms, but systemic cardiovascular, skeletal, and metabolic effects limit their broader use. Rapid-acting treatments such as esketamine and psychedelics further support neuroplasticity as a therapeutic strategy, although psychotomimetic, hallucinogenic, and implementation burdens may constrain widespread use. Elunetirom is a brain-targeted, fatty acid amide hydrolase-sensitive prodrug of LL-340001, a potent thyroid hormone receptor activator as demonstrated in transfected cell-line and brain-slice target-engagement assays. We evaluated elunetirom and LL-340001 in primary cortical and mature hippocampal neuronal cultures. LL-340001 increased MAP-2-positive neuron number, neurite length, branching, and neurite extremities in immature cortical neurons. In mature hippocampal neurons, elunetirom rapidly increased neurite network and synapse number within 24 hours, with effects persisting through 72 hours, while LL-340001 preserved synapse number following amyloid-{beta}1-42 challenge. LL-340001 also increased nuclear PGC-1 and NRF2, the number of functional mitochondria measured by MitoTracker, and ATP content. Pharmacologic inhibition indicated that the LL-340001-induced increase in cortical MAP-2-positive neuron number was sensitive to TrkB inhibition but not 5-HT2A antagonism. Together, these findings indicate that elunetirom and LL-340001 engage complementary neuroplasticity and mitochondrial biogenesis-related programs in neuronal systems and support further investigation of brain-targeted thyromimetic signaling as a mechanistically differentiated approach for major depressive disorder and bipolar depression.
32h agoTDP-43 proteinopathies comprise a group of clinically distinct neurodegenerative disorders unified by common pathological changes in the RNA-binding protein TDP-43, including nuclear loss of function (LOF), cytoplasmic mislocalisation and aggregation. The presence of these hallmarks across diverse diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), alzheimers disease (AD) and Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE), suggests the involvement of convergent upstream regulatory mechanisms. This study identified SFPQ (Splicing Factor Proline and Glutamine Rich) as one such factor. The depletion of nuclear SFPQ, in addition to its cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation has been described across ALS, AD and FTD patient studies and in multiple genetic models of these diseases. Evidence to date places SFPQ pathology downstream of TDP-43 dysfunction. This study provided further evidence that TDP-43 drives SFPQ pathology while revealing a reciprocal role for SFPQ in regulating TDP-43 homeostasis. Our data shoed that SFPQ LOF was associated with a shift in TDP-43 RNA isoform usage away from the canonical protein-coding transcript towards isoforms predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Consistent with this, TDP-43 protein expression was reduced across multiple model systems in which SFPQ expression was suppressed. Furthermore, cytoplasmic accumulation of SFPQ was found to promote the mislocalisation of TDP-43 and its sequestration within SFPQ-containing cytoplasmic condensates that exhibited progressively reduced molecular mobility over time. Collectively, these findings identify SFPQ as an active contributor to multiple facets of TDP-43 pathology, support a bidirectional relationship between the two proteins, and suggest the existence of a feed-forward, self-amplifying mechanism that may contribute to disease progression in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
32h agoAnimals inhabiting aquatic or terrestrial habitats experience different constraints on their physiology and locomotion, and are exposed to fundamentally different sensory environments. Across evolutionary timescales, most species have adapted to live exclusively either in water or on land. Newts are among the vertebrates that defy this rule and split their adult lives between freshwater ponds and terrestrial habitats. In these amphibians, transitions across environments cause remarkable phenotypic plasticity in their body morphology. But whether and how the nervous system and behavior also adapt to these environmental changes remains poorly explored. Here, we establish the Iberian ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl as a new model to study the neurobiology of environmental plasticity in a vertebrate. We first show that experimental transitions between aquatic and terrestrial laboratory settings recapitulate morphological changes observed in the wild. Furthermore, aquatic and terrestrial newts display plasticity in sensory and motor behaviors, including differences in walking gait and odor responsiveness. In the olfactory system, the transition from water to land involves a profound remodeling of the nasal epithelium, including reversible transcriptomic changes in secretory and support cells, and an increase of neurogenesis. Together, our findings reveal how plasticity of specific cell types in the nervous system support behavioral adaptations across environments. More broadly, this work establishes newts as a model to study the functional constraints and convergent adaptations that may have shaped the evolution of vertebrate nervous systems in water and on land.
32h agoarXiv:2607.21654v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a valuable and widely applied tool for investigating brain disorders and behavioral changes. It offers a minimally restrictive and non-invasive method. However, challenges in using EEG for cognitive development studies include temporal resolution, signal source localization, and EEG artifacts. Careful consideration of these factors is essential for informed application of EEG technology. Independent component analysis (ICA) effectively isolates source generator processes from signals recorded by multiple, adjacent EEG scalp electrodes. Although ICA decomposition requires manual inspection, selection, and interpretation of independent components (ICs), this process is time consuming and demands expertise. Automated IC classification can achieve sufficient accuracy, expediting large scale EEG research and enabling near real time applications in conjunction with brain activity rejection tasks, which are crucial for medical specialists. This study introduces an automated computer vision based ICA rejection labeling tool compatible with widely used software interfaces like ICLabel and EEGLab. By automating the manual task, the proposed system reduces processing time by 7200 fold and achieves an accuracy of 89.45%.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22180v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Speech is a complex motor and social act. We must not only produce and understand sequences of variable-length words formed of ordered syllables but also speak and listen in turn. This theoretical paper introduces a computational model of speech production and auditory segmentation based upon sequences of discrete phonemes. The purpose of this is to develop a vehicle to test (in silico) hypotheses about the mechanisms that govern loss of speech fluency, something that may happen transiently in people who stutter or progressively in various neurodegenerative conditions. The modelling here appeals to Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes that provide a useful generic formulation for specifying the internal model our brains might use to describe dynamic environments in which they can exert partial control and make partial observations. The core features of the specific model used here are: (1) a reciprocal mapping from words to sequences of varying numbers of phonemes (2) a common subset of states for both speech generation and speech perception. A further novel feature is a social component, in which one must infer who is speaking (self or other). We propose a series of hypotheses about the computational mechanisms that might underwrite speech breakdown. For example, we demonstrate that reducing the precision in the next word introduces pauses and start-of-word repetitions of the sort associated with stuttering. We examine the patterns of behaviour and belief-updating predicted by each of these hypotheses, with implications for both speaking and listening. Finally, we discuss plausible neural substrates for the underlying message passing that might be amenable to interrogation with functional imaging.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22275v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computing centers today mostly operate conventional CPU- and GPU-based systems, where the direct way of decreasing energy consumption is a reduction in the applications' runtime. Neuromorphic computing promises an alternative architecture with improved energy efficiency for artificial intelligence. In this endeavor, code for the simulation of large-scale spiking networks on conventional supercomputers is the reference. We show that turning off automatic NUMA balancing may reduce energy consumption by 30%. This dwarfs other attempts of increasing the energy efficiency of a computing center with respect to cost effectiveness. The memory access pattern of spiking network simulation code dynamically interacts with automatic NUMA balancing. This does not affect the correctness of simulation results and thus goes unnoticed in day-to-day neuroscience research. In performance analysis, however, time measurements fluctuate obstructing attempts to optimize simulation technology. A new time- and compute-node resolved performance display exposes the fine-grained temporal variability of distributed spiking network simulations. The analysis uncovers that automatic NUMA balancing is of disadvantage and affects the jemalloc library for thread-aware memory allocation in a transient manner. The method also allows developers to detect perturbations of the HPC system and target specific improvements to simulation technology. As a consequence, we have equipped our supercomputers with an option to turn on or off automatic NUMA balancing on a per-job basis on the user level. This gives researchers the opportunity to find the best setting for the application at hand. There are indications in the literature that the effect has been observed before, yet it does not seem common knowledge in scientific computing. It remains to be investigated how widespread the phenomenon is among scientific codes.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22318v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce a novel coupling of Rulkov neural maps, proposing a heuristic biological interpretation for the transition to non-small values of the perturbations acting on the slow variables. We analytically prove that the coupling preserves boundedness of motion and the existence of a snap-back repeller (leading to Devaney chaos by the Marotto theorem), if they are associated to the original system. For the coupling of two standard chaotic Rulkov maps, we present numerical simulations for the orbits of the system showing the arising of a global strange attractor, whose fractal structure is strongly suggested by the computation of a non-integer Kaplan-Yorke dimension. Furthermore, we perform standard numerical studies concerning time series, Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction. Finally, we briefly propose a generalization of the coupling to an arbitrary number of neurons.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Frozen EEG encoders proliferate; per-model fine-tune defaults do not scale. We present Nimbus Personalizer: one contract encode to Bayesian head to BrainState (optional affine mid-tier) that sits on heterogeneous frozen trunks without a new personalization stack per architecture. Thesis (systems): the contribution is the trunk-agnostic API - not LDA-on-embeddings as an ML novelty - so OEMs integrate once and swap trunks. Evidence: the same surface runs on five classical trunks EEGNet, Shallow, Deep, Conformer, ATCNet x four MI datasets (18 cells) and on a foundation encoder (REVE) under the same Personalizer. Where embedding capacity exists, the head is a cheap default mid-point versus warm-start fine-tune or PEFT, costing orders of magnitude less adaptation wall time while recovering much of the fine-tune accuracy gain; calibration-only-when-clean holds in 12/18 cells. Head gains are supporting evidence that the API is useful where capacity exists. Subject-level confidence intervals identify the clearest dataset and span zero elsewhere. All results are exploratory (subject-level bootstrap, no confirmatory tests); the decision logic for when to escalate adaptation is addressed in our companion work on the control layer.
36h agoarXiv:2603.19139v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Learning systems must balance generalization across experiences with discrimination of task-relevant details. Effective learning therefore requires representations that support both. Online latent-cause models support incremental inference but assume flat partitions, whereas hierarchical Bayesian models capture multilevel structure but typically require offline inference. We introduce the \textbf{Hierarchical Online Learning of Multiscale Experience Structure (HOLMES) model}, a computational framework for hierarchical latent structure learning through online inference. HOLMES combines a variation on the nested Chinese Restaurant Process prior with sequential Monte Carlo inference to perform tractable trial-by-trial inference over hierarchical latent representations without explicit supervision over the latent structure. In simulations, HOLMES matched the predictive performance of flat models while learning more compact representations that supported one-shot backward transfer to higher-level latent categories. In a forward transfer task, HOLMES additionally achieved above-chance outcome prediction for stimuli with never-before-seen feature combinations, by exploiting abstract shape-level representations learned across diverse training instances. These results provide a tractable computational framework for discovering hierarchical structure in sequential data.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22318v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce a novel coupling of Rulkov neural maps, proposing a heuristic biological interpretation for the transition to non-small values of the perturbations acting on the slow variables. We analytically prove that the coupling preserves boundedness of motion and the existence of a snap-back repeller (leading to Devaney chaos by the Marotto theorem), if they are associated to the original system. For the coupling of two standard chaotic Rulkov maps, we present numerical simulations for the orbits of the system showing the arising of a global strange attractor, whose fractal structure is strongly suggested by the computation of a non-integer Kaplan-Yorke dimension. Furthermore, we perform standard numerical studies concerning time series, Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction. Finally, we briefly propose a generalization of the coupling to an arbitrary number of neurons.
36h agoarXiv:2607.21916v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Scientists increasingly express their ideas as dynamic models of complex processes. It is often much easier to simulate these models than to calculate the probability of their generating a particular outcome, making likelihood-based estimation infeasible. Existing likelihood-free approaches rely either on manually chosen summary statistics or on representations learned by neural networks. The former is error-prone and laborious, while the latter is computationally intensive, leaving many scientists in a difficult position. We show that, for a large class of dynamic models, parameters can be estimated by matching a small number of random features of the observed and simulated data. Specifically, we adapt results from nonlinear dynamics to show that models with a $p$-dimensional parameter can generically be identified from just $2p+1$ random features. We introduce two estimators for stationary and nonstationary processes, respectively, and we establish their consistency under mild regularity conditions. More broadly, our results serve as the foundation for a new class of random feature methods for simulation-based estimation and inference.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22047v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We show how large-deviation statistics allows one to obtain reliable estimates of the multiplicity of stable fixed-points in a model of neural ordinary differential equations previously employed in computational tasks. The result is obtained by developing a suitable perturbative method in the amplitude of the disorder. It turns out that for not-too-large coupling strengths there are no qualitative differences between the symmetric case, when the dynamics is a purely gradient evolution, and the asymmetric case, when limit cycles and chaos can, in principle, arise. The selection of this specific model is dictated by pedagogical reasons, but we are confident that the approach can be extended to other many-degree-of-freedom dynamical models characterized by different classes of random coupling matrices.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22052v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Resonance states spatially diverge and are thus not square integrable. Instead, their norm is defined by the biorthogonal scalar product of left and right states. We replace the corresponding volume integral by a convenient boundary integral in piecewise homogeneous systems and apply this procedure to diverse physical settings. For a quantum particle in any number of dimensions we treat hard-wall and piecewise constant potentials. For electromagnetic systems with piecewise homogeneous material properties, we consider three-dimensional and effectively two-dimensional cavities of arbitrary shape. As examples, we treat the spherical scatterer and the circular disk.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22084v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We define the lift of a partial cohomological field theory with respect to a Frobenius algebra and the corresponding lift of local polyvector fields, extending the lift procedure proposed by Della Vedova, Lorenzoni, and Savoldi. This allows us to systematically produce examples of non-semisimple homogeneous partial cohomological field theories whose integrable systems possess a second Hamiltonian structure, thus confirming the conjecture of Buryak et al. on an explicit formula for the second Poisson bracket in new non-semisimple cases. Moreover we present some relations of these lift constructions with the Morimoto theory of the lift of geometric structures to the Weil bundle of infinitely near points associated to a local algebra.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22202v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the Mersenne representation of nonnegative integers and its decomposition into the binary and nonbinary sides. The nonbinary values form A055938, and their successor structure gives a direct proof of the relation between A055938 and A080578 that is recorded as conjectural in the OEIS entry for A080578. The binary-side counting function is identified with a shifted Conolly sequence. We then develop the parent map, truncation blocks, truncation remainders, and the Mersenne tau function associated with this representation. The parent map is conjugate to deletion of the lowest digit. Differences of the Mersenne tau rows recover the parent iterates and the counting function, and they give formulas for digit reconstruction and for a diagonal tau defect. Finally, we revisit a known finite-depth one-soliton family of the finite-field BBS. The Mersenne combinatorics is used directly to reconstruct a global integer-valued traveling-wave profile and to prove an integer window-counting theorem. Reduction modulo 3 yields the corresponding finite-field traveling-wave solutions. We also construct an integer-valued traveling-wave tau function whose front values are given by the Mersenne tau rows. The resulting construction shows how the combinatorics of a number representation can enter directly into the reconstruction of solutions of an integrable system.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22475v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A large literature applies a standard pipeline to fractional nonlinear evolution equations -- traveling-wave reduction to a planar Hamiltonian system, addition of periodic forcing, and visual inspection of phase portraits -- to claim bifurcations, quasi-periodicity, and chaos, often without any quantitative diagnostic. This is particularly problematic because the reduced systems are undamped, near-integrable oscillators for which KAM theory confines chaos, if present at all, to thin stochastic layers, so the burden of proof for a chaos claim is high. We analyze these pitfalls and quantitatively re-examine a representative example, Ullah, Ali and Roshid's study of the second fractional Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) model [PLoS ONE 19(7): e0307565 (2024)], using analytical arguments and four independent diagnostics (Benettin largest Lyapunov exponents in two configurations, a separation-growth test over 3x10^6 time units, stroboscopic Poincare sections, spectral analysis). We find that (i) its linear stability analysis concludes "unstable propagation" from a dispersion relation that is real for every real wave number: all modes are neutrally stable, and the reported singularity is a pole, not a temporal instability; (ii) its unforced "quasi-periodic" system is necessarily periodic, being a planar autonomous Hamiltonian system; (iii) all four chaos assertions fail every diagnostic -- exponents bounded by 5x10^{-7}, linear-in-time separation growth, smooth closed invariant Poincare curves -- while the quasi-periodic assertion is confirmed; (iv) its equilibrium classification and phase portraits are correct. We also document a false positive of the Gottwald-Melbourne 0-1 test on a regular orbit and show that stroboscopic parameter sweeps of conservative systems yield "chaotic-looking" diagrams for purely regular tori, closing with a checklist of standards for chaos claims.
36h agoarXiv:2503.02411v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider the family of piecewise linear maps $F(x,y)=\left(|x| - y + a, x - |y| + b\right),$ where $(a,b)\in \mathbb{R}^2$. In previous work, we identified that certain maps of this class possess one-dimensional invariant sets, planar graphs, that capture the global dynamics of the system. Within these graphs, chaotic dynamics emerge for certain parameter values, leading to an intermediate dynamical regime between regular behavior and full-plane chaos. In the present study, we revisit this family and analyze in detail the topological entropy as a function of a bifurcation parameter, finding that transitions from positive to zero entropy are continuous for certain parameter values and discontinuous for others. We also provide a methodology for determining arbitrarily sharp rational bounds for the bifurcation values at which this transition occurs. Finally, motivated by the limitations of numerical simulations in detecting the complex dynamics within these graphs, we prove that for some parameter values, there exists a full-measure set in these graphs where orbits converge to at most three omega-limit sets, which, when the parameter values are rational, correspond to periodic orbits.
36h agoarXiv:2605.01770v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We extend the $N$ branching Brownian motions model of population invasion to higher-order asexual reproduction. Increasing reproduction order leads to qualitative changes: invasion fronts generically cease to exist beyond binary reproduction; and in the binary case itself, their speed becomes diffusion-independent. Ternary reproduction shows critical behavior, with collapse into a strongly localized `invasion bullet' in the supercritical regime, diffusive spreading in the subcritical regime, and a continuous family of fronts at criticality. These results suggest that the dominance of division and binary reproduction in nature reflects fundamental constraints on invasion dynamics.
36h agoarXiv:2606.01797v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Spacetime metamaterials are engineered media whose constitutive parameters such as permittivity, permeability, stiffness, or mass density are modulated simultaneously in both space and time. These additional degrees of freedom, absent in conventional static metamaterials, unlock a cabinet of wave phenomena that cannot be achieved in time-invariant structures, e.g. compact nonreciprocal devices, topological insulators, and devices for efficient frequency conversion and mixing and pulse shaping. The vast majority of these studies, however, operate in the stable regime, where modulation parameters are chosen to yield linear wave propagation. Here, we push spacetime metamaterials into the regime of parametric instability, and discover a novel type of ``dynamically frustrated'' oscillating states, where nonlinear non-reciprocal, topologically protected phase dislocations emerge. We control these dislocations and make them stop, split, and recombine. We harness this control to create devices for cascading logic in branched networks, and synchronization in 2D metamaterials. Our findings are broadly applicable anywhere where spacetime modulation can be pushed beyond linear stability, from cold atoms and superconducting circuits to acoustics and RF circuits.
36h agoarXiv:2606.30604v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Decisions to migrate depend on others' decisions. Dependence can produce nontrivial dynamics. We propose a minimal migration model that accounts for social influence alongside individual heterogeneity in mobility as migrants move from region to region. In special locations of parameter space, migrant flows dramatically and spontaneously fluctuate. Such aspects mimic observed fluctuations in migration statistics and thus show how large fluctuations in data can reflect more than response to events like armed conflict and natural disasters. Correspondingly, the impact of exogenous factors can be confounded with the results of collective decisions.
36h agoarXiv:2607.21708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study bath-induced thermalization in the many-body localized XXZ spin chain subjected to a quasiperiodic magnetic field. We engineer a thermal inclusion by setting the field strength in one part of the chain below the localization threshold and analyze thermalization via the avalanche mechanism. To study the nature of such avalanches, we use two complementary observables, namely the two-point connected correlation function and the particle-number entropy. Surprisingly, the correlations alone show no signatures of avalanches. Instead, they display a logarithmic growth of the correlation length throughout the dynamics and predict localization lengths of the local integrals of motion that remain well below the avalanche threshold. In contrast, the particle number entropy shows clear signatures of the thermal avalanche, with the avalanche front progressively propagating deeper into the localized subsystem for sufficiently large baths. The discrepancy between the two observables shows that two-point correlations are unreliable in identifying thermal avalanches in quasiperiodic systems, as opposed to the random case. On one hand, qualitative results are consistent with the analytical predictions of the standard avalanche theory. On the other hand, significant quantitative deviations persist, which could be due to short-range resonances generated by the quasiperiodic potential. Our results suggest that the standard avalanche framework requires revision to account for the short-range correlations of quasiperiodic potentials.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22047v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We show how large-deviation statistics allows one to obtain reliable estimates of the multiplicity of stable fixed-points in a model of neural ordinary differential equations previously employed in computational tasks. The result is obtained by developing a suitable perturbative method in the amplitude of the disorder. It turns out that for not-too-large coupling strengths there are no qualitative differences between the symmetric case, when the dynamics is a purely gradient evolution, and the asymmetric case, when limit cycles and chaos can, in principle, arise. The selection of this specific model is dictated by pedagogical reasons, but we are confident that the approach can be extended to other many-degree-of-freedom dynamical models characterized by different classes of random coupling matrices.
36h agoarXiv:2607.21965v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Computation is the controlled evolution of a state. Asynchronous evolutions, where all parts of the state change in their own time without stopping each other, put this control in jeopardy. It is in fact a mystery how natural processes perform asynchronous computations using many units with no global orchestration. Here we demonstrate how collective computational abilities can emerge in asynchronous many-body systems. The key insight is to split the physical "hardware" underlying the computation into two asymmetrically coupled parts, analogous to position and momentum in a harmonic oscillator. The resulting inertia nudges the evolution of the state so that the asynchronous computation proceeds in the right order. By treating our inertial asynchronous computer as a nonequilibrium material, we map out its phase diagram numerically and analytically using a framework we dub loop dynamical mean-field theory. We experimentally demonstrate our approach using analog spiking neuromorphic chips designed to mimic actual neurons in the brain. In addition, we construct software that can run on asynchronous hardware: we denoise movies whose clean versions were never seen during training, an instantiation of the generalization transition underlying modern machine learning. Our results point to a general strategy for reliable, decentralized computation in energy-constrained settings from dynamics self-assembly to cell differentiation.
36h agoarXiv:2607.21974v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Interacting hysteretic spins are an appealing model for cyclically-driven athermal disordered matter. Because they provide a basis for storing and processing information from their environment, such models are also being pursued as a framework for intelligent matter. Recent proof-of-concept designs have begun to demonstrate the strong, controlled, pairwise interactions that are necessary for this endeavor. But, it is not yet clear what are the limits---practically or fundamentally---on such interactions. Here we build rotor-based mechanical hysterons that extend the generality of their interactions in three ways: (i) splitting the interaction strength based on the hysteron state, (ii) building a non-reciprocal interaction of mixed sign, and (iii) incorporating tunable three-body effects. We access these effects within a simple, replicable design platform, and we rationalize our results. Our work expands the space of behaviors for designed structures that compute on mechanical inputs.
36h agoarXiv:2607.22372v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce Quantum-Informed Surrogate Sampling (QISS), a post-processing framework that generates candidate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems from low-weight correlations of shallow quantum circuits. The quantum device estimates local observables, which are directly accessible by repeated measurements and for which a wide range of error-mitigation tools are available, while candidate solutions are generated classically without explicit dependence on the combinatorial optimization problem itself. We evaluate QISS on Maximum Cut and Maximum Independent Set problems on $N$ variables and show that only $O(N)$ low-order correlators from shallow circuits suffice to produce competitive solutions that surpass vanilla QAOA. For MaxCut on 3-regular graphs, QISS from $p=3$ QAOA correlators outperforms vanilla QAOA at $p=17$ on average, with further improvements possible by warm-starting QAOA. We validate the procedure on the 54-qubit IQM Emerald quantum device and demonstrate its noise resilience. Our results support a regime for near-term optimization in which shallow circuits serve not as direct samplers but as generators of informative statistics for scalable classical sampling.
36h agoarXiv:2205.07739v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Self-training (ST) is a simple yet effective semi-supervised learning method. However, why and how ST improves generalization performance by using potentially erroneous pseudo-labels is still not well understood. To deepen the understanding of ST, we derive and analyze a sharp characterization of the behavior of iterative ST when training a linear classifier by minimizing the ridge-regularized convex loss on binary Gaussian mixtures, in the asymptotic limit where input dimension and data size diverge proportionally. The results show that ST improves generalization in different ways depending on the number of iterations. When the number of iterations is small, ST improves generalization performance by fitting the model to relatively reliable pseudo-labels and updating the model parameters by a large amount at each iteration. This suggests that ST works intuitively. On the other hand, with many iterations, ST can gradually improve the direction of the classification plane by updating the model parameters incrementally, using soft labels and small regularization. It is argued that this is because the small update of ST can extract information from the data in an almost noiseless way. However, in the presence of label imbalance, the generalization performance of ST underperforms supervised learning with true labels. To overcome this, two heuristics are proposed to enable ST to achieve nearly compatible performance with supervised learning even with significant label imbalance.
36h agoarXiv:2501.18530v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider a teacher-student model of supervised learning with a fully-trained two-layer neural network whose width $k$ and input dimension $d$ are large and proportional. We provide an effective theory for approximating the Bayes-optimal generalisation error of the network for any activation function in the regime of sample size $n$ scaling quadratically with the input dimension, i.e., around the interpolation threshold where the number of trainable parameters $kd+k$ and of data $n$ are comparable. Our analysis tackles generic weight distributions. We uncover a discontinuous phase transition separating a "universal" phase from a "specialisation" phase. In the first, the generalisation error is independent of the weight distribution and decays slowly with the sampling rate $n/d^2$, with the student learning only some non-linear combinations of the teacher weights. In the latter, the error is weight distribution-dependent and decays faster due to the alignment of the student towards the teacher network. We thus unveil the existence of a highly predictive solution near interpolation, which is however potentially hard to find by practical algorithms.
36h agoarXiv:2505.24849v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For three decades statistical mechanics has been providing a framework to analyse neural networks. However, the theoretically tractable models, e.g., perceptrons, random features models and kernel machines, or multi-index models and committee machines with few neurons, remained simple compared to those used in applications. In this paper we help reducing the gap between practical networks and their theoretical understanding through a statistical physics analysis of the supervised learning of a two-layer fully connected network with generic weight distribution and activation function, whose hidden layer is large but remains proportional to the inputs dimension. This makes it more realistic than infinitely wide networks where no feature learning occurs, but also more expressive than narrow ones or with fixed inner weights. We focus on the Bayes-optimal learning in the teacher-student scenario, i.e., with a dataset generated by another network with the same architecture. We operate around interpolation, where the number of trainable parameters and of data are comparable and feature learning emerges. Our analysis uncovers a rich phenomenology with various learning transitions as the number of data increases. In particular, the more strongly the features (i.e., hidden neurons of the target) contribute to the observed responses, the less data is needed to learn them. Moreover, when the data is scarce, the model only learns non-linear combinations of the teacher weights, rather than "specialising" by aligning its weights with the teacher's. Specialisation occurs only when enough data becomes available, but it can be hard to find for practical training algorithms, possibly due to statistical-to-computational~gaps.
36h agoarXiv:2510.24616v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For four decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse neural networks. A long-standing question remained on its capacity to tackle deep learning models capturing rich feature learning effects, thus going beyond the narrow networks or kernel methods analysed until now. We positively answer through the study of the supervised learning of a multi-layer perceptron. Importantly, (i) its width scales as the input dimension, making it more prone to feature learning than ultra wide networks, and more expressive than narrow ones or ones with fixed embedding layers; and (ii) we focus on the challenging interpolation regime where the number of trainable parameters and data are comparable, which forces the model to adapt to the task. We consider the matched teacher-student setting. Therefore, we provide the fundamental limits of learning random deep neural network targets and identify the sufficient statistics describing what is learnt by an optimally trained network as the data budget increases. A rich phenomenology emerges with various learning transitions. With enough data, optimal performance is attained through the model's "specialisation" towards the target, but it can be hard to reach for training algorithms which get attracted by sub-optimal solutions predicted by the theory. Specialisation occurs inhomogeneously across layers, propagating from shallow towards deep ones, but also across neurons in each layer. Furthermore, deeper targets are harder to learn. Despite its simplicity, the Bayes-optimal setting provides insights on how the depth, non-linearity and finite (proportional) width influence neural networks in the feature learning regime that are potentially relevant in much more general settings.
36h agoarXiv:2511.15402v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Lithium halides with the general formula Li$_x$M$_y$X$_6$, where M indicates metal ions and X halide anions are very actively studied as solid-state electrolytes, because of relatively low cost, high stability and Li conductivity. The structure and properties of these halide-based solid electrolytes (HSE) can be tuned by alloying, e.g. using different halides and/or transition metals simultaneously. The large chemical space is difficult to sample by experiments, making simulations based on broadly applicable machine-learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) a promising approach to elucidate structure-property relations, and facilitate the design of better-performing compositions. Here we focus on the Li$_3$YCl$_{6x}$Br$_{6(1-x)}$ system, for which reliable experimental data exists, and use the recently-developed PET-MAD universal MLIP to investigate the structure of the alloy, the interplay of crystalline lattice, volume and chemical composition, and its effect on Li conductivity. We find that the distribution of Cl and Br atoms is only weakly correlated, and that the primary effect of alloying is to modulate the lattice parameter -- although it can also trigger transition between different lattice symmetries. By comparing constant-volume and constant-pressure simulations, we disentangle the effect of lattice parameter and chemical composition on the conductivity, finding that the two effects compensate each other, reducing the overall dependency of conductivity on alloy composition. An extended study of the effect of metal substitution, enabled by the semi-quantitative accuracy of the universal model, shows that the effect of metal-site alloying is small, indicating that alloying can be used to optimize cost, or electrochemical stability, without major impact on bulk conductivity.
36h agohe precise mechanism through which Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) mitigates freezing episodes in Parkinson's disease remains unknown. We modelled Parkinsonian freezing using a model of the basal ganglia that adopts a Dynamic Neural Field network for simultaneous action selection (selecting emph{which} action is executed) and specification (resolving the continuous parameters governing emph{how} that action is performed). Action selection success was based on whether activation surpassed a threshold. The model robustly differentiated healthy and dopamine-depleted (Parkinsonian) conditions, producing stable action selection under healthy dopamine and impaired, freeze-prone dynamics following depletion. We then modelled DBS as a scaled reduction in afferent drive to the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus. While this formulation has succeeded in previous computational work, it did not yield consistent restoration of action selection within our framework, motivating future investigation of alternative DBS formulations.
56h agoAphasia is characterized by impaired word retrieval, yet most cognitive models of word production assume that underlying conceptual-semantic representations are largely preserved. This study investigated whether concept-level semantic structure remains decodable from BOLD signals in chronic post-stroke aphasia and which semantic models best explain neural representational geometry during covert semantic feature generation. Eight healthy adults and six individuals with chronic aphasia completed a dense-sampling fMRI protocol in which they viewed 57 pictured nouns while silently generating semantic features. Representational similarity analysis showed that an experiential model (Exp48) best matched neural geometry in both people with aphasia and controls, outperforming taxonomic (WordNet) and distributional (Word2Vec, GloVe) models. Using representational similarity decoding, concept identity was recovered well above chance in both groups. No relationship was found between decoding accuracy and language measures from individuals with aphasia. These findings suggest that experiential semantic structure remains robustly represented and decodable in chronic aphasia despite lesion-related language impairments, highlighting preserved conceptual representations alongside altered anatomy.
76h agoTo make flexible decisions, the brain needs to make inferences between events that were not directly experienced together. In sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events, during periods of rest and sleep, spiking activity in the hippocampus appears to support this process, by co-activating mnemonic representations of discrete cues and events that have not been experienced together. However, it remains unclear whether this 'generative replay' also occurs in other brain regions to update beliefs across the brain. To address this question, here we use multi-unit electrophysiology and calcium imaging in freely moving mice during a multi-day inference task. We show evidence for a putative anatomical pathway from the dorsal CA1 (dCA1) region of the hippocampus to primary visual cortex (V1), via the granular Retrosplenial Cortex (RSCg). We then characterise the neuronal activity across this pathway during an inference task and in subsequent periods of sleep. We show that during inference, mnemonic activity in V1 mirrors that observed in dCA1 to represent learned associations. In sleep, we show evidence for generative replay in V1, where co-activity can be observed between cells representing inferred relationships between cues that have not been directly experienced together. This activity in V1 is predicted by activity in dCA1, suggesting that the hippocampus coordinates generative replay across neocortical circuits. This coordinated generative replay may underpin the formation of a hierarchical generative model capable of predicting future scenarios that extend beyond direct experience.
76h agoThe human brain undergoes rapid developmental changes through early life, underpinning the emergence of function but also marking a period of vulnerability to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. With dynamic changes to brain size, morphology, and imaging contrast, consistent and accurate computational neuroanatomy remains a challenge. Deep learning tools for segmentation, like SynthSeg, offer robustness to heterogeneously acquired MRI contrast but remain unproven in early development. Here, we aggregated a large cohort (26k) of MRI scans spanning infant to adult development, and evaluated SynthSeg performance. Automated quality control scores, visual inspection, and spatial overlap with expert-segmented MRI scans revealed poor quality output segmentations during development. In the infant period only 36% of scans (1094/3069) passed automated QC. Rescaling infant scans to adult brain sizes significantly improved spatial overlap, and cropping scans to match adult fields of view retrieved automated quality control. Evaluation of the SynthSeg rescale + crop pipeline demonstrated visible and quantitative improvements in segmentation throughout infancy and childhood. There were marked increases in successful segmentations in infant scans, with 91% of scans now passing QC (2803/3069). These findings facilitate computational analysis of typical and disrupted neurodevelopment and should be considered when training the next generation of computational tools.
76h agoNeural representations vary in their complexity across brain regions and tasks. How this variation emerges over human development remains poorly understood. We estimated intrinsic dimensionality in five naturalistic fMRI datasets (N = 781 unique participants, aged 3 months to 53 years) with T-PHATE -- a nonlinear manifold learning method robust to noisy, autocorrelated signals. In adults, brain regions relevant to a task had higher-dimensional activity than task-irrelevant regions across auditory, visual, and audiovisual stimuli. The modulation of representational complexity by tasks was absent in infants, emerged in early childhood, and strengthened logarithmically through adolescence. It reflected a selective collapse in dimensionality in task irrelevant regions, relative to a resting-state baseline, rather than an expansion of dimensionality in task-relevant regions. Such compression followed a trajectory from global and nonselective in infants to local and precise by adulthood. These results identify selective compression as a developmental engine of functional specialization: rather than adding complexity where it is needed, the brain dynamically pares it away where it is not.
76h agoThe organisation of myelinated axons into specialised domains is essential for saltatory conduction and depends on the polarised distribution of neuronal and glial cell-adhesion molecules, including neurofascins. However, how these domains assemble and refine in vivo remains unclear, as longitudinal imaging of endogenous proteins within intact nervous systems remains challenging. Here, we generated knock-in zebrafish in which endogenous neuronal and glial neurofascins are fused to fluorescent proteins, which enabled live-imaging without perturbing node assembly or introducing overexpression artefacts. Using these reporters, we visualised neuronal and glial neurofascin dynamics, and the formation of nodes of Ranvier and paranodes in vivo. We find that nascent nodes progressively compact in developing peripheral nerves, and that this process depends on glial neurofascin. Our novel toolkit for imaging endogenous neurofascins reveals a glia-dependent mechanism that shapes the developmental refinement of nodal architecture after their initial assembly. Our findings imply that glia-driven modulation of paranodes can be a mechanism for nervous systems to regulate circuit function.
76h agoThe neuromodulator dopamine is essential for voluntary movement and learning from experience. While these behaviors often occur simultaneously and rely on overlapping nigrostriatal dopamine circuits, they are also separable and can manifest independently. How a single neuromodulatory system controls such disparate aspects of behavior in parallel remains poorly understood. Here we show that striatal dopamine is released through two spatially and functionally distinct modes that are independently regulated and serve distinct behavioral roles. Eliminating dopamine release underlying bulk extracellular accumulation reveals a spatially restricted mode of transmission that maintains phasic dopamine receptor activation on striatal projection neurons. We find that selective loss of diffuse dopamine impairs striatal circuit excitability and reduces locomotion, while point-to-point transmission is sufficient to maintain striatal spine density and support motor and associative learning. We propose that the geometry of dopamine release determines its behavioral output, a principle that explains the breadth of dopamine's functions and more broadly elucidates how neurons multiplex different forms of information.
76h agoBackground. Imaging transcriptomics routinely asks whether a trait-associated gene set is over-expressed in a region of interest, and the field standard is to guard that inference with a spatial-autocorrelation-preserving spin test. Electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillatory power is among the most heritable human neurophysiological traits, and the cortical generators of the alpha rhythm have been characterised independently from resting-state magnetoencephalography - making this a natural test bed both for asking whether trait genetics is regionally organised, and for asking what such a test actually establishes. Objective. To test whether alpha-associated genetic signal is spatially enriched in the cortical generators of the alpha rhythm, and to evaluate that inference against complementary null models. Methods. MAGMA gene-based analysis of ENIGMA-EEG summary statistics for six phenotypes: central and occipital alpha power, occipital alpha peak frequency, and theta, beta and delta power. Regional transcription was obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) with abagen in the Glasser HCP-MMP1.0 atlas, with Schaefer-100 and Yan-600 as sensitivity analyses. Enrichment in the 41 cortical alpha-source regions was quantified with a threshold-free continuous score and a top-100 gene-set composite, and assessed against three complementary nulls: a spin test (10,000 rotations, cross-checked against brainsmash surrogates), a co-expression-aware gene-set null (10,000 matched random gene sets), and a positive control on a known expression gradient. Results. Judged by the field-standard spin test alone, this study would have reported a positive, biologically coherent finding: alpha-power genes are enriched in the cortical alpha generators (continuous p_spin = 0.022; top-100 p_spin = 0.030), with the spin result corroborated by an independent surrogate model (p = 0.018) and the pipeline validated by a positive control (p_spin = 2 x 10^-4). Three further tests dissolve that conclusion. First, it is not band-specific: theta, beta and delta enrich comparably or more strongly (top-100 beta p_spin = 0.011; delta 0.042; continuous theta 0.042). Second, it does not replicate across alpha phenotypes (occipital alpha continuous p_spin = 0.20; alpha peak frequency non-significant, p_spin >= 0.066). Third, against random gene sets of matched size the alpha set is unremarkable (p_geneset = 0.33) - the apparent enrichment is a generic property of arbitrary gene sets in this cortical territory, and is invisible to a spatial-only null. No test survived false-discovery-rate correction across the 24-cell phenotype x score x region-set grid (minimum q = 0.127), and nominal significance did not survive a change of parcellation. Conclusion. EEG alpha-power genetics shows no regionally specific transcriptomic signature in the cortical generators of the rhythm; the weak tendency that is present is shared across frequency bands, consistent with their known genetic correlation. Methodologically, this is a worked demonstration that correcting for spatial autocorrelation is necessary but not sufficient: a spin-significant, surrogate-corroborated, mechanistically plausible enrichment can be fully accounted for by gene-set co-expression. Enrichment claims in imaging transcriptomics should report a gene-set null alongside the spatial null.
76h agoExposure to chronic environmental challenges triggers divergent behavioral trajectories across individuals. At the core, these different trajectories can be classified as individuals actively adapting to the challenges (responders) and those displaying a rigid, non-responsive phenotype (non-responders). The brain system-wide network configurations that dictate why individuals diverge along these differential coping strategies, which can also lead to disease vulnerability or resilience, remain poorly understood. Here, we paired machine-learning-based deep behavioral phenotyping with multi-modal whole-brain imaging, integrating longitudinal Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) and post-challenge cFOS mapping, to chart the functional landscape of individual stress trajectories in mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. High-dimensional behavioral phenotyping revealed that active stress adaptation is a complex trajectory marked by latent, pre-stress kinetic signatures in vigilance-like and locomotive behaviors. At the neural level, longitudinal MEMRI captured distinct, consolidated activity reconfigurations across canonical valence and stress-regulatory circuits that segregated responders from non-responders. Complementary whole-brain cellular cFOS network analysis after an additional acute challenge revealed that non-responders exhibited marked hyper-modularity and network fragmentation, whereas responders featured a tightly integrated functional module co-clustering the periaqueductal gray, ventral tegmental area, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and dorsal raphe (DR). Notably, functional network connectivity along the DR-BLA axis was completely lost in non-responsive animals. Finally, pathway-specific chemogenetic inhibition of BLA-projecting DR neurons during a social challenge significantly attenuated social avoidance and reversed anxiety-like behavioral deficits, effectively shifting active behavioral adaptation toward a non-responsive phenotype. Together, these findings demonstrate that individual stress-coping strategies are driven by coordinated, system-wide reconfigurations of activity and plasticity, identifying the DR-BLA circuit as a critical gatekeeper of adaptive stress responses.
76h agoMuch of our knowledge is structured in networks, but how the brain represents such networks remains unclear. In most nested knowledge structures a subset of the nodes will be highly connected to other nodes in the network. High levels of connection can exist either locally (high degree centrality) or at a global level (high closeness/betweenness centrality). Here, we explored how the human brain represents network structure using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a novel learning paradigm. During training, participants learned the transition structure for travel between a set of fictious partially connected alien planets. Despite encountering only individual connections, participants choices indicated they could infer the broader network structure. Next day, they viewed each stimulus during a cover task while undergoing fMRI. Representational-similarity analysis showed that shortest-path distances within the learned graph were encoded in the posterior hippocampus and right retrosplenial complex, whereas global connectivity (closeness/ betweenness centrality) was represented in the left retrosplenial complex. These findings extend the view that brain networks associated with spatial navigation also process abstract relational knowledge using principles akin to mapping physical space. The results are also consistent with proposals that the hippocampus represents distance information and that the retrosplenial cortex acts as hub for integrating recently acquired knowledge.
76h agoThe gastric's intrinsic slow-wave rhythm couples to ongoing cortical activity in humans, but the functional significance of this gastric-brain coupling remains poorly understood. Using simultaneous electroencephalography and electrogastrography, we examined how gastric-brain coupling changes during a mental task and subsequent recovery and whether these dynamics relate to autonomic responses in healthy adults (HA) and individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a disorder of gut-brain interactions. In HA, gastric-brain coupling decreased during mental task and gradually returned to baseline during recovery, primarily for cortical alpha rhythms. Greater reductions in gastric-brain coupling were associated with stronger sympathetic arousal, indicating that gastric-brain coupling is associated with physiological responses to cognitive demand. In IBS, gastric-brain coupling dynamics were preserved. However, unlike HA, sympathetic arousal was not associated with gastric-brain coupling reductions, suggesting an alteration in the functional relationship between gastric-brain coupling and autonomic regulation despite preserved coupling dynamics. Further, in HA, greater reductions in gastric-brain coupling were associated with higher anxiety and neuroticism and lower interoceptive awareness. In contrast, these relationships were reversed in IBS, with greater gastric-brain coupling dynamics observed in individuals with higher anxiety and neuroticism and lower interoceptive awareness. Together, gastric-brain coupling emerges as a dynamic physiological process associated with autonomic responses to cognitive demand. In IBS, these dynamics are preserved but their physiological and psychological associations are altered, indicating a dissociation between gastric-brain coupling and its functional correlates.
80h agoSensory neurons play well defined roles in the regulation of intestinal motility, digestion, and interoception, but transcriptional dissection of intrinsic and extrinsic sensory neurons innervating the intestines has been challenging because these cells share many genetic markers. However, we cross-referenced transcriptional profiles of intrinsic and extrinsic intestinal neurons and the cells that surround them and identified Pdyn, the gene encoding Prodynorphin, as a marker of putative sensory enteric neurons of the mouse intestines. In a Pdyn lineage-reporter mouse, we identified labeled cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the large intestine, in contrast to their sparse presence in the dorsal root or nodose ganglia. In dissociated cell culture, these neurons mostly display a phasic firing pattern, discharging one or two action potentials at the onset of a depolarizing current pulse, followed by a prompt cessation of firing despite continued current injection, as assessed by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Optogenetic activation of Pdyn-lineage neurons propels stool in ex vivo colons, and in untethered and mobile mice, optogenetic stimulation of the proximal colon induces freezing behaviors and orbital tightening, suggesting interoceptive behaviors, without significant stool output differences. Together, these findings suggest that activation of Pdyn-lineage enteric neurons regulates motility and visceral interoception.
80h agoEfficient operation of neural networks has been linked to criticality in their underlying non-equilibrium excitation dynamics. However, obtaining experimental evidence of this conjecture remains challenging due to limited control and undersampling in biological systems. Here, we experimentally explore neural network criticality using an ultracold Rydberg gas as a highly controllable simulator. We highlight the similarity of the excitation spreading via Rydberg facilitation and the synaptic connection of spiking activity of neurons, giving rise to distinct absorbing and active phases. We systematically explore and resolve criticality criteria, including power-law scaling of excitation avalanches and the emergence of universal avalanche shape collapse. Crucially, we implement a controlled gain mechanism to compensate for atom loss, mimicking metabolic resource replenishment and stabilizing the system in a controlled non-equilibrium steady state. We find peak temporal correlations at the critical point and stochastic oscillations with dragon king avalanches in the active phase, consistent with predictions for systems orbiting criticality. Our work establishes facilitated Rydberg gases as a platform for investigating criticality, resource dynamics, and emergent oscillations in neural networks.
80h agoPathogenic variants in MAPK8IP3 (JIP3) cause Neurodevelopmental Disorder with or without variable Brain Abnormalities (NEDBA), characterized by cognitive impairment, global developmental delay, motor dysfunction, abnormal muscle tone, behavioral dysregulation including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), seizures, and structural brain abnormalities. While more than 30 largely de novo MAPK8IP3 variants have been reported, the functional impact of variants across JIP3 protein structural domains is poorly defined. To address this knowledge gap, we compare clinical features of individuals with a truncating (p.E27X) or one of two missense (p.R578C and p.R1146C) variants from distinct JIP3 functional protein domains to corresponding knock-in mouse models. Our findings showed that all individuals, regardless of variant type, exhibited delays in language and gross motor function, but individual variants were associated with distinct motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Corresponding homozygous p.E27X and p.R1147C variant mice resulted in embryonic lethality, consistent with essential roles for JIP3 in early neurodevelopment. Behavioral characterization of viable heterozygous mice revealed variant-specific locomotor, motor coordination, and hindlimb clasping defects that closely recapitulate clinical observations. Heterozygous p.R579C mice exhibited reduced locomotion, impaired motor performance, and hypertonia-like clasping, mirroring human motor deficits. In contrast, p.R1147C mice displayed hyperactivity, hindlimb clasping, and decreased brain weight, paralleling human clinical features. Together, our findings demonstrate that while distinct MAPK8IP3 variants lead to some shared phenotypes, they are also associated with distinct phenotypes that could reveal domain-specific aspects of JIP3 function. This work establishes the first domain-resolved in vivo rodent models of NEDBA and provides a validated translational platform for mechanistic investigation and preclinical therapeutic testing.
84h agoLocomotion is one of the most fundamental functions of the nervous system, yet the principles that generate it and how it might be restored after spinal cord injury remain unresolved. Walking is possible even after complete spinal cord injury and a traditional assumption is that this activity emerges from modular flexor-extensor transitions driven by somatosensory feedback. To test this assumption, we recorded bilateral motor unit activity from sixteen flexor/extensor hindlimb muscles in awake cats walking on a treadmill. We found that spinal motor populations operate according to a fundamentally different principle. Rather than alternating between flexion and extension, population activity continuously rotated through all phases of the locomotor cycle within a low-dimensional neural manifold. Remarkably, this rotational organization persisted after complete spinal cord injury, revealing the preservation of a cyclic attractor despite substantial alterations in motor outputs. Computational modeling further indicated that locomotor activity was more consistent with an autonomous regime than with somatosensory-driven control. These findings suggest that locomotor recovery after complete spinal cord injury reflects the preservation of an intrinsic spinal attractor and that somatosensory feedback contributes to, rather than generates, the locomotor rhythm. More broadly, they establish rotational population dynamics as a fundamental organizing principle of spinal locomotor control and recovery.
84h agoWe previously established that sensory neurons in the mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) express a functional receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1. We also demonstrated that deletion of the IL-1 receptor type 1 gene, Il1r1, in TRPV1-expressing (+) neurons prevented pain in models of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Here, we found a marked sex difference in the abundance of IL-1R1+ neurons, which represented approximately 10% of all DRG neurons in females but only 5% in males. However, male mice exhibited stronger, longer-lasting mechanical hypersensitivity than females after IL-1{beta} injection into the cerebrospinal fluid. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that IL-1{beta}-responsive DRG neurons responded to cutaneous mechanical and capsaicin stimulation. By integrating spatial transcriptomics with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), we identified a gene signature uniquely marking IL-1R1+ neurons, including genes such as Ada, Cysltr2, Gpr139, Htr1a, Htr1f, Il31ra, Nppb, Npy2r, Nts, P2rx2, Pde4c, and Sst, with Ada and Sst validated at the protein level. Omics analysis revealed that IL-1R1+ DRG neurons form a subset of non-peptidergic type 3 (NP3) sensory neurons, which are linked to inflammatory pain and itch. However, Il1r1 deletion did not affect itch responses to serotonin, histamine, or chloroquine, and these mediators failed to induce calcium activity in IL-1{beta}-responsive DRG neurons. Finally, scRNA-seq identified several genes upregulated in NP3 neurons after IL-1{beta} injection, including Alkal2, Bdnf, and Lcn2, associated with chronic inflammatory pain. Thus, our study unveils novel markers for IL-1R1+ nociceptors and reaffirms their selective role in inflammatory pain.
84h agoNeuronal activity synchronous to breathing is salient across the mammalian brain. These modulations are typically characterized as oscillating signals phase-locked to the ongoing breathing rhythm and treated as evidence for respiratory 'entrainment' of cortical and subcortical oscillations. Since activation of the olfactory circuitry has been identified as their preponderant source, we wondered whether respiratory brain signals could be better understood as sequences of evoked sensory potentials. To help distinguish between these scenarios, we set out to quantify the detailed alignment of prefrontal cortex local field potentials (LFPs) to the nasal airflow cycle across the natural repertoire of rat breathing. We found that, while LFP and breathing show salient synchrony for all breathing modes, the phase of their locking is a strict linear function of respiratory rate. We explain this by showing that LFPs align to nasal airflow with a constant time lag of 100 ms, irrespective of breathing rate. Segmenting by breathing cycles revealed that LFP peaks and fast-gamma bursts are time-locked to inhalations, while LFP troughs and slow-gamma activity time-lock to exhalations. Our results support the view that respiratory signals across the frontal brain of rodents are sensory potentials evoked by cyclic ortho- and retronasal airflow.
84h agoPsychophysical and neuroimaging studies have repeatedly suggested that perceived numerosity is susceptible to adaptation, involving high-level number representations. However, whether adaptation to low-level visual features contributes to numerosity adaptation remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that numerosity adaptation involves not only high- but also low-level visual processing stages. Through a series of psychophysical experiments, we found that the effect of numerosity adaptation was significantly reduced, but not eliminated, when the contrast polarity of stimuli was inverted relative to the preceding adaptor. Follow-up experiments confirmed that the persistence of the aftereffects was not due to retinal adaptation or top-down decision bias. Finally, a computational model incorporating both high- and low-level adaptation successfully reproduced the behavioral pattern. These findings suggest that numerosity adaptation involves at least two stages of visual processing: adaptation to low-level visual features at early sensory stages and to numerosity at higher levels of the visual processing hierarchy.
84h agoMental representations are the explanatory construct of the cognitive sciences, but there is no widely accepted characterization of how they cause behavior. Visual representational geometry can be quantified by similarity scores, but almost all methods require an explicit judgment. To examine how representations cause behavior by varying task demands, observers must perform different tasks while continuously reporting similarity, leading to dual-task interference. This study develops scanpaths as an implicit similarity measure, and uses representational similarity analysis to validate it. Observers searched for a target; fixations on distractors may reveal similarity. Similarity was also quantified by an odd-one-out task in the same participants, and ratings from different participants (Jiang et al. 2022). Representational geometries between tasks correlated. A generative model predicted first fixations in novel data. This double validation of the scanpath method opens the door to examining the causality of representations by determining if and how they vary with task demands.
84h agoWe present a reusable dataset of neuronal population activity from multiple cortical areas, recorded from layers 2/3 of the mouse cortex at single-cell resolution during wakefulness, natural sleep (including NREM and REM sleep), and isoflurane anesthesia. Using wide-field two-photon microscopy, we recorded approximately 4,000 to 10,000 neurons per session at 7.65 Hz and provided the spatial coordinates of individual neurons. The repository provides both processed datasets and the corresponding raw imaging movies (TIFF) and electrophysiological recordings (MATLAB format). Processed data are distributed in MATLAB format and include {Delta}F/F fluorescence signals, deconvolved spike estimates, Gaussian-smoothed spike estimates, behavioral state annotations, and metadata. This dataset supports reuse in studies of cortical population dynamics, brain-state-dependent activity, and spatially distributed neuronal organization. It should also be useful for method development, benchmarking, and comparative analyses of large-scale neuronal activity across physiological and pharmacological brain states.
84h agoIt is well documented that both motoneuron output and the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge soleus -motoneurons decrease during eccentric (muscle lengthening) contractions. Evidence suggests that these modulations can be explained by recurrent inhibition and greater presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents. However, the influence of angular velocity on the modulation of the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge -motoneurons observed during eccentric contractions remains unclear. We investigated the influence of angular velocity on spinal mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge -motoneurons during eccentric plantar flexor contractions using 16 healthy adults. We used both simple and conditioned Hoffmann reflexes with different conditioning techniques to assess presynaptic inhibition, heteronymous Ia facilitation and heteronymous recurrent inhibition coupled with electromyography during eccentric contractions of the plantar flexors at three angular velocities. Our results showed that during eccentric contractions, the effectiveness of Ia afferents to discharge -motoneurons was lower at 90{degrees}{middle dot}s-1 than 60{degrees}{middle dot}s-1 and 20{degrees}{middle dot}s-1 angular velocities. A similar velocity-dependent pattern was observed for heteronymous recurrent inhibition, decreasing at 90{degrees}{middle dot}s-1 when compared with 60{degrees}{middle dot}s-1 and 20{degrees}{middle dot}s-1. In contrast, presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents was not different between the velocities. These findings demonstrate a differential influence of angular velocity on spinal recurrent inhibitory mechanisms during eccentric contractions and support distinct functional roles of recurrent and presynaptic inhibition in modulating -motoneuron discharge with increasing movement velocity. The findings provide new insights into the velocity-dependent and mechanism-specific modulation of spinal inhibitory circuits during eccentric contractions.
84h agoNon-nvasive brain stimulation is a promising technique to restore neural function in older adults by enhancing cortical excitability. In the present study, we examined the behavioral and neural effects of three stimulation protocols over the supplementary motor area on speech production in older adults. These protocols included fixed-frequency and personalized high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HDtACS) and high-definition transcranial random noise stimulation (HDtRNS). We also compared the effects of personalized HDtACS and tRNS between younger and older adults. Two groups, older adults (mean age: 69 y) and younger adults (mean age: 19.87), participated in this study. Older adults attended a four-session experiment including sham, fixed-frequency beta-HD-tACS (17 Hz), personalized beta-HDtACS, and HDtRNS. Younger participants also followed a similar study design but without fixed-frequency beta-HD-tACS. Following 25 minutes of stimulation, participants were asked to complete a speech production task while their EEG activity was recorded. Both personalized tACS and tRNS significantly reduced reaction times compared to sham in younger and older adults. In older adults, personalized tACS and tRNS both effectively modulated speech motor network but exhibited distinct spatial profile. While personalized tACS produced more focal modulation, tRNS elicited broader modulation across distributed neural networks and engaged multiple oscillatory frequencies. Broadband and personalized stimulation approaches (personalized tACS and tRNS) were more effective than fixed-frequency beta-tACS in modulating behavioral and neural responses measured throughout a distributed speech-motor network in older adults.
84h agoCocaine use disorder remains a critical public health concern with limited treatment options. Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as active regulators of neurotransmission and are emerging as important contributors to addiction neurobiology. Here, we examined how chemogenetic activation of astrocytic Gq signaling within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) influences cocaine-associated behaviors in drug-naive and cocaine-experienced rats. Using a subthreshold dose of cocaine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, we found that VTA astrocyte Gq activation facilitated the acquisition of cocaine CPP in drug-naive rats but suppressed the development of cocaine CPP in cocaine-experienced rats. Additionally, chemogenetic activation of VTA astrocyte Gq signaling suppressed voluntary cocaine intake in a self-administration paradigm. Together, these findings demonstrate that VTA astrocyte Gq signaling shapes cocaine-associated behaviors in a drug history-dependent manner, highlighting VTA astrocytes as a potential therapeutic target in cocaine use disorder.
84h agoPsychedelics are powerful modulators of conscious perception, hypothesized to exert their effects by reorganizing large-scale brain functional connectivity. The circuit mechanisms underlying this reorganization remain unknown. Here, using widefield calcium imaging in awake mice, we found that the psychedelic DOI, in a 5-HT2A-dependent manner, acutely decreased the modularity of the cortical network by increasing correlations between anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM) cortical domains. Functional influence measurements revealed that DOI increased both thalamo-cortical and long-range cortico-cortical influence onto the AL domain. We speculate that these increases in functional influence are driving the DOI-induced increase in the coupling between cortical domains. Our results provide a mouse correlate of the network reorganization seen under psychedelics in human neuroimaging and identify thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical changes as candidate circuit mechanisms for this reorganization.
84h agoRodent models are a mainstay of traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, including investigations into the pathophysiology and treatment of this condition. However, there are fundamental molecular and cellular differences between rodent and human neurons, as well as other cells of the brain. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells recapitulate key features of the human brain and have been used to model a variety of neurological disorders. Here, we developed a novel in vivo model of human TBI based on controlled cortical impact (CCI) injuries of human organoid grafts transplanted into the brains of young adult rats. Cortical organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were grown for 50-60 days in vitro before transplantation into rat visual cortex. Injures were performed 2 months later, and histological outcomes were examined at 7 or 30 days after injury. Injury cavities in the integrated grafts were identified at both endpoints with a progression toward larger cavities sizes with time. The injured human tissue exhibited evidence of neuroinflammation with elevated numbers of IBA1+ cells and axonal injury with APP+ cells. There was evidence of increased cell proliferation in the injured grafts acutely after injury that decreased with time. The injured grafts also showed evidence of phosphorylated tau aggregates and accumulation of PNAG, a polysaccharide associated with microbial pathogens. These results support the feasibility of using human organoid grafts in rats as a model of TBI, potentially including the study of long-term neurodegeneration and microbial penetration of the brain after injury.
84h agoAlzheimers disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and administration of monoclonal antibodies against Ab amyloid are associated with disease modifying effects leading to FDA approval for some antibodies. Naturally-occurring human antibodies (NAbs) are believed to be the front line of defense against a variety of diseases, so we investigated the specificity of NAbs in AD and cognitively normal (NC) individuals using epitomic profiling (EP). We found that the diversity of antibody-specific peptide epitope segments (ES) declines dramatically (26-fold) in the AD compared to NC populations. Many of these differentially expressed ES (DEES) map to amyloid sequences that accumulate in AD, such as Ab, tau, a-synuclein, TDP43 and TMEM106b. NAbs that target amino terminal Ab epitopes are elevated in AD (residues 1-6 and 18-21) and NAbs that target different Ab epitopes are elevated in NC (residues 5-10 and 35-41). DEES that map to 2N4R tau are highly cross correlated in the population implying that that the antibodies may be polyspecific or that a set of antibodies are coordinately regulated. We used weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify co-expressed DEES and UMAP to embed DEES in both AD and NC populations that bind to the same antibody or co-expressed set of antibodies. An average of approximately 25 DEES cluster in each WGCNA group. A major WGCNA cluster associated with AD contains 3 groups of overlapping DEES that assemble into longer linear epitopes. One of these 3 groups contain sequences that map to the amino terminus of Ab. DEES elevated in AD may be useful blood biomarkers for AD. The DEES clusters elevated in NC may be associated with protection against misfolded protein amyloid seeding and propagation and maintaining the resilience of neuronal populations.
88h agoBrain rhythms organize neural activity in time. When a shared oscillation is broadcast across a population of neurons, the phase at which the neurons fire with respect to the oscillation can itself carry information, a strategy the brain appears to use for navigation, memory, and sensory perception. In such a phase-of-firing code, information is conveyed not by how rapidly a neuron fires but by when it fires relative to the phase of the ongoing rhythm. Models that implement such phase-of-firing codes consider the neurons as independent. How such codes arise in cortical and hippocampal circuits, where neurons are densely interconnected rather than independent, remains unclear. Here we show that recurrent connectivity does not merely permit phase-of-firing codes but actively determines which patterns the network can hold onto. Using networks of model neurons wired in a manner determined by the constraints of a Sudoku puzzle, we find that the network supports an enormous repertoire of distinct rhythmic firing patterns, each corresponding to a valid Sudoku solution and selectable by brief targeted inputs against a common background oscillation. Some patterns persist after the input is removed while others dissolve. We show that a factor deciding this selectivity is network symmetry. Patterns that respect the symmetries of the wiring are stable, while those that break them are not, and small perturbations can switch the network between stable patterns. Adjusting synaptic weights to remove asymmetry stabilizes patterns that were previously unstable, giving the network a tunable memory. More broadly, our results suggest that a common oscillatory drive, targeted biases to the neurons, and recurrent network structure, act together as complementary control variables. The oscillation sets up a temporal scaffold, the biases select spatiotemporal patterns, and the connectivity determines the stability of the chosen patterns. Tuning these complementary variables can predictably and flexibly reshape the repertoire of activity a circuit expresses.
96h agoMutations in the molecular motor protein KIF1A result in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders termed KIF1A-Associated Neurological Disorder (KAND). KIF1A mutations variably disrupt synaptic vesicle trafficking, but the effects of KIF1A mutations on other trafficking pathways remain unexplored. Autophagy is a conserved pathway required for neuronal homeostasis. We investigated the role of KIF1A in autophagy using gene-edited human IPSC-derived neurons. KIF1A loss inhibited the trafficking of ATG9, a transmembrane lipid scramblase necessary for autophagosome biogenesis. This deficit significantly reduced autophagosome biogenesis and the density of axonal autophagosomes. KIF1A loss also depleted lysosomes from the axon, inhibiting autophagosome maturation. In neurons gene-edited to heterozygously express a pathogenic variant linked to a Rett-like syndrome in KAND patients, we also noted significant deficits in autophagy and lysosomal trafficking. Together, these results suggest that KIF1A-mediated transport is critical to neuronal autophagy and that deficits in autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis in KAND. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=198 SRC="FIGDIR/small/740140v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (46K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1873735org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@39b8f5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19df9a9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@71f228_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
100h agoThe neural 'chain of events' necessary for movement initiation is poorly understood, particularly for endogenous actions that are self-timed. Here, we introduce a new task that requires mice to self-initiate a movement with high temporal precision in the absence of external 'go' signals. Brief, precisely timed flashes of optogenetic photoinhibition reveal that movement initiation is causally driven by rapid sequential recruitment of neurons in prefrontal cortex and lateral cerebellum.
100h agoAt excitatory synapses, glutamate activates receptors in the postsynaptic membrane including the AMPA receptor. Usually considered to be the fastest receptor in the brain, AMPA receptors can produce millisecond synaptic potentials that mimic the timing of spikes. However, we found abundant slow AMPA responses in CA1 pyramidal cells. These slow responses show a mosaic distribution in individual cells and even in single dendrites (Pampaloni et al, 2021). A survey of the literature reveals cryptic reports of similar slow responses in cerebellum, striatum and other brain regions (Pampaloni and Plested, 2022). These striking observations open a new perspective on AMPA receptor diversity in the brain. To enable a detailed interrogation of these slow AMPA receptors in the brain, we sought to determine their molecular basis. We noted that slow AMPA is prevalent in ventral CA1 but rather sparse in dorsal hippocampus and absent in dentate gyrus granule cells. Checking published transcriptomic data, we noted that certain AMPA receptor auxiliary proteins also show gradients across these hippocampal regions. One understudied auxiliary protein identified from transcriptomics, CNIH3, produces uniquely slow AMPA responses in heterologous expression. Strikingly, we found that shRNA against CNIH3 could largely ablate slow AMPA responses in ventral CA1, and over-expression of CNIH3 in dorsal CA1 introduced very widespread slow AMPA responses. We conclude that CNIH3 is a sparsely-expressed marker of slow AMPA currents that converts individual synapses from fast followers into detonators that can spike the target cell, with wide implications for circuits, behaviour and brain pathologies.
100h agoThe transcriptional mechanisms that maintain adult Parvalbumin (PV) interneuron function and cortical network stability remain poorly understood. We previously showed that the inactivation in GABAergic neurons of Dlx5/6, coding for transcription factors, disrupts social interaction and reduces PV interneuron density in the prefrontal cortex. Here, combining transcriptional and histological analyses with ex vivo electrophysiological and in vivo electroencephalographical (EEG) recordings, we show that Dlx5/6 regulate a molecular program controlling perineuronal net (PNN) homeostasis in the adult cortex. Dlx5/6 inactivation dysregulated the expression of multiple PNN-associated genes and induced region-specific remodelling of PNN mesh architecture in the prefrontal and somatosensory cortices. These structural changes were accompanied by alterations in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic organization and by a disrupted coupling between local PNN structure and synaptic properties. Ex vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that fast-spiking interneurons displayed altered intrinsic properties and reduced excitatory synaptic drive in a region-specific manner, while EEG recordings during social interaction showed impaired recruitment of prefrontal gamma oscillations. Together, these findings identify Dlx5/6 as regulators of adult PV interneuron stability, linking extracellular matrix homeostasis to synaptic organization and cortical network dynamics. More broadly, it provides a new mechanistic framework connecting Dlx5/6 function to PV-related pathological phenotypes, including neuropsychiatric disorders.
100h agoWorking memory depends on coordinated activity across distributed brain networks, but how these interactions support recognition, encoding, and retrieval remains unclear. Here, we analyzed intracranial local field potentials from 1,652 sites in 36 epilepsy patients performing a naturalistic card-matching task. Phase-amplitude and phase-phase coupling revealed widespread condition-dependent interactions, with frontal and temporal regions emerging as recurrent network hubs. Event-related analyses showed reproducible within-trial coupling dynamics across participants. Directed phase transfer entropy further identified frequency-specific information flow, including frontal regions acting as a theta-band source and an alpha-band sink. Finally, a time-delay-embedded hidden Markov model identified task-locked latent states with condition-dependent occupancy trajectories and distinct coherence profiles. Together, these results suggest that working memory is implemented through dynamic, directionally organized large-scale networks, in which frontotemporal hubs coordinate flexible transitions among distributed neural states rather than operating in isolation.
100h agoIntelligent behavior requires neural representations to change with new demands while preserving learned structure. The prefrontal cortex is central to this ability, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we tracked medial prefrontal neurons for months as mice learned an association task with successive rule switches. Learning progressively stabilized when individual neurons were active during a trial, but not what task variables they responded to. Neurons repeatedly gained, lost, or changed selectivity even after their activity profile had stabilized. We developed Sparse Tensor Component Analysis to show that, rather than reflecting random drift, dynamic single-neuron selectivity arose through rule-dependent recombination of a fixed set of task representations. Thus, learning established a stable temporal scaffold in the prefrontal cortex within which neurons participated flexibly in different representations.
100h agoCausality appears to play a central role in narratives, but how it influences later memory and how the brain creates causal structure is unclear. Here, participants watched and recalled a TV show featuring five temporally interleaved storylines during fMRI, and different participants determined cause-effect relationships between each pair of events. Behaviorally, causality significantly influenced recall organization, with the top cause-effect relationship predicting recall transitions best among several predictors. Neurally, across-event patterns in regions of the default mode network (DMN) reflected causal structure, and DMN patterns at event boundaries specifically reactivated prior, causally related events, suggesting causality predicts our ability to stitch together related events across temporal gaps. Additionally, causal network distance between successive events predicted the strength of DMN pattern changes across event boundaries, suggesting causality also predicts stronger representational switching between unrelated events. Together, these findings suggest that DMN regions perform the mechanisms required to build the complex network of causal associations underlying the comprehension and recall of real-world memories.
100h agoJuveniles deprived of social contact for an extended period of time demonstrate a broad range of adverse effects on behavior, including increased social aversion. Employing our recently developed integrative assay to assess social aversion, we discovered that social isolation is sufficient to induce decreases in social motivation and increases in social fear and hesitancy. Unsupervised behavioral analyses revealed that social aversion in isolated mice is largely driven by an inflexible, anxiety-like state marked by heightened social vigilance. Using intersectional, projection-specific neural circuit perturbations and in vivo imaging, we discovered that isolation-induced decreases in social motivation are governed by an underexplored projection from the anterodorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These findings illustrate the complexity with which juvenile isolation serves to negatively impact social behavior and identify a novel circuit through which animals integrate information about social state to orchestrate changes in social motivation.
100h agoNeurons face unique challenges in maintaining protein homeostasis due to their tortuous morphology and extended processes. Proteolytic organelles are typically transported retrogradely towards their soma for degradation where lysosomes are enriched, but some organelles are larger than these neuronal processes, questioning how these organelles are degraded. Here we show that microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, extract proteolytic organelles from neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Microglia make transient contact with neuronal membranes where proteolytic organelles are stationed beneath. At these sites of interaction, microglia pinch off a small portion of the neuronal process containing the organelle, leaving the rest of the process intact. We term this process skoupocytosis after the Greek word for garbage. Phosphatidylserine (PS) lipase ABHD16a accumulates near these proteolytic organelles and converts PS into lyso-PS to initiate microglial skoupocytosis. Skoupocytosis bypasses the need for retrograde organelle transport, providing homeostatic advantages for neurons that must maintain function in processes that extend extraordinarily long distances from the cell soma.
100h agoSchizophrenia is thought to arise from disrupted postnatal maturation of prefrontal circuits, but the developmental events linking early vulnerability to adult cortical dysfunction remain unclear. Here, we tested whether the primate medial pulvinar, a higher-order thalamic nucleus interconnected with prefrontal cortex, contributes to prefrontal maturation. Bilateral medial pulvinar lesions in neonatal marmosets altered adolescent prefrontal diffusion trajectories and produced adult working memory deficits, the latter of which did not follow comparable lesions in adulthood. Early-life lesioned animals showed reduced thalamocortical input to layer 3 parvalbumin interneurons, diminished prefrontal gamma power, reduced parvalbumin expression, and immature-like physiology in fast-spiking interneurons. These findings reveal a developmental window in which thalamic input shapes prefrontal inhibitory maturation, suggesting that some forms of cortical dysfunction in psychiatric disease originate not in the cortex itself, but in its thalamic inputs.
100h agoReading selectively recruits specialized cortical patches within the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOTC), such as the visual word form area (VWFA). Under the framework of the interactive account of word recognition, these neural responses emerge from dynamic, bidirectional loops where top-down linguistic predictions continuously modulate and constrain bottom-up sensory visual inputs. Consequently, identifying and isolating these top-down cognitive signals fundamentally requires a precise characterization of the underlying low-level sensory baseline. This dense-sampling fMRI study (11 right-handed adults, 10 sessions each) systematically addresses the spatial and functional architecture of the reading network using population receptive field (pRF) modeling and functional localizers (fLoc). First, we conduct a rigorous group- and subject-level replication of stimulus-dependent pRF eccentricity shifts (words and false fonts versus checkers) observed in previous research. To overcome known barriers to individual parameter stability, we systematically manipulate and evaluate stimulus Frequency, bar Width, and element Size (FWS) across eight sessions per subject to isolate the precise factors driving test-retest reliability. Second, we design and validate a novel Word-Center (WC) paradigm acquired across one/two sessions per participant. This hybrid paradigm was designed to decouple moving spatial mapping carriers (checkerboard bars) from central reading processes (word or false-font streams in the central fixation location). Functional data were denoised with NORDIC, preprocessed via fMRIPrep, and projected to the cortical surface for analysis via Nilearn GLMs to model word-responsive regions and mrVista to obtain pRF estimates. Individual-level spatial maps replicated previous results in approximately 70% of subjects. The lack of replication in the remaining subjects, whether driven by methodological factors or inherent individual differences, highlights ongoing baseline mapping challenges. Optimizing this mapping is sensitive to stimulus carrier type and specific FWS configurations. Furthermore, the hybrid WC paradigm successfully demonstrates stimulus equivalence, concurrently yielding robust reading-selective functional localization and reliable retinotopic estimates. By breaking the spatial-lexical confound of traditional mapping protocols, this paradigm provides an innovative framework to separate bottom-up sensory sweeps from top-down central linguistic processing. This vision-centric framework serves as a methodological baseline toward a comprehensive, multi-signal understanding of the human reading hierarchy.
100h agoThe Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is characterized by dysregulated expression of multiple microRNAs (miRNA), positioning them as promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The levels of glia-enriched miR-223 are abnormal in the brains and plasma of AD patients and miR-223 is neuroprotective in models of stroke. However, whether miR-223 can be beneficial in AD is not known. Here, we report that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of miR-223 oligonucleotide mimic alleviated cognitive impairment, reduced amyloid beta (A{beta}) pathology, and ameliorated the defects in synaptic marker expression in AppNL-G-F AD model mice. Mechanistically, miR-223 induced microglial clustering around A{beta} plaques with a concomitant upregulation of microglial phagocytic receptors AXL, TREM2 and CD11c, while pharmacological microglial depletion abolished the plaque-clearance phenotype. Moreover, in human iPSC-derived microglia miR-223 directly targeted multiple genes in the endo-lysosomal pathway, including AD risk gene SPPL2A, indicating that it acts as a major regulator of microglial phenotype. Lastly, long-term AAV-mediated overexpression of miR-223 recapitulates its beneficial effects on cognition, pathology, and synaptic marker expression. Our study demonstrates a novel approach for the treatment of AD using miR-223 and highlights the potential of RNAi-based therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease.
100h agoCognitive processes rely on extensive thalamocortical and corticocortical recurrent interactions. The gamma frequency band (~40 Hz) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) emerges from these interactions. Importantly, cognitive processing depends on the interplay between bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down influences from higher-order cortical areas. However, the extent to which gamma-band oscillations are associated with directional patterns of functional interactions remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the directionality of gamma-band information flow during wakefulness (W) and sleep, under spontaneous conditions and in response to auditory stimulation. Cats were chronically implanted for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes placed in multiple cortical and thalamic regions. Information-flow directionality was assessed using two complementary methods: (i) time-lag analysis of gamma-band amplitude envelopes between pairs of channels, and (ii) Granger Causality analysis of the same channel pairs. During quiet W gamma-band oscillations exhibited a predominantly top-down directional organization, from higher- to lower-order cortical areas, as well as from cortical regions to thalamic nuclei. Following auditory stimulation, a prominent gamma response emerged between 0.5 and 1.5 s after stimulus onset. Within this time window, distinct patterns of gamma-band information flow were observed depending on the nature of the stimulus. Specifically, a bottom-up directional predominance was observed for simple auditory stimuli (clicks), whereas top-down processing prevailed for complex variable stimuli. In contrast, no consistent directionality of information flow was observed during either NREM or REM sleep, regardless of whether auditory stimulation was present. These findings extend our understanding of gamma-band information-flow dynamics during wakefulness and sleep.
100h agoarXiv:2607.20699v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Incorporating an absolute refractory period into the population density approach for spiking neurons remains an open problem, despite evidence that refractoriness can strongly affect nonlinear transfer functions and network stability. We develop a rigorous operator-theoretic framework for neuronal population dynamics with a finite refractory time by augmenting the state space to include refractory history and formulating the problem as a non-self-adjoint boundary eigenvalue problem for the Fokker-Planck operator. This yields a complete spectral characterization of the generator, proves dissipativity and the existence of a contraction semigroup, and identifies defective eigenvalues as exceptional points where oscillatory modes emerge from coalescing relaxational modes. Within the framework of linear response theory, we also derive an exact transfer function that accounts for boundary conditions modulated by external input, correcting previous heuristic derivations and revealing additional threshold-noise contributions. Using this transfer function under a mean-field approximation, we further show that refractoriness in populations of interacting neurons can facilitate the onset of limit cycles, that is, stable oscillations in the firing rate. These results provide a rigorous foundation for spectral decomposition methods in computational neuroscience, opening the way to their further rigorous mathematical analysis.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20720v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Harnessing the potential of electroencephalography (EEG) for brain research is fundamentally limited by intrinsic noise and the diffuse projection of brain-generated activity over the scalp. The standard event-related potential (ERP) paradigm addresses this limitation by relying on repeated independent trials, albeit at the cost of moving away from naturalistic experimental conditions. As a more naturalistic alternative, we collected continuous EEG while participants watched short films and extracted potentials aligned to sharp cinematic transitions (cuts). We demonstrate that such transition-related potentials (TRPs) exhibit canonical ERP-like temporal structure associated with significant information processing. By comparing coherent films with scene-scrambled versions containing matched post-cut sensory input, we find that these responses are systematically shaped by narrative context. We then show that the cut-related EEG signature can be recovered directly from group-averaged continuous recordings with a compact deep neural network (DNN). The detector generalized across films and subject groups, and the resulting TRPs reproduced the main context-dependent effects observed for manually annotated cuts. These results indicate that narrative context leaves a measurable signature in EEG responses, that this signature can be detected directly in continuous recordings, and that such detections provide a semi-automated framework for analyzing how viewers process and understand film narratives. We propose that the method outlined here can be adapted to parse EEG responses to other forms of continuous stimulation, providing a general tool for probing experimental conditions that are closer to natural human experience.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20708v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A recent line of work measures causal emergence in reinforcement learning agents through Integrated Information Decomposition, reporting that $\Phi_r$ grows with training and tracks reward improvement. For active inference, this raises the question of how reward-free predictive organization relates to such information-theoretic signatures. I test this within an active inference agent whose architecture separates a fast perception latent $z$ from a slow global latent $g$, where $g$ is driven by prediction error and structurally decoupled from policy gradients. In a reward-free environmental regime-switching protocol, $\Phi_r$ concentrates in $g$; its aggregate magnitude is largely architectural and decreases with training. The substantive effect of learning becomes legible only at the atom-compositional level: decoupling flips sign from negative to positive and becomes regime-invariant under environmental change, while downward causation carries the regime-dependent adjustment. These results identify $g$ as the architectural locus of $\Phi_r$-relevant temporal organization in an active inference agent, and argue against reading scalar $\Phi_r$ as a direct index of learned integration.
108h agoarXiv:2602.13368v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between interocular distance relative to overall facial width (width ratio) and perceived subjective beauty in male faces. Building on the methodology of Pallett et al. (2010), who found that average proportions in female faces were rated as most attractive, the current study aimed to test this hypothesis in male faces. Faces from the Chicago Face Database (Ma et al., 2015) were morphed into average faces within three groups (with low, medium, and high width ratios), each composed of 96 or 97 individual images. These three average faces were then systematically manipulated in their width ratios across three levels in both directions, respectively, resulting in a total of 21 comparable faces. The use of multiple base faces served as a control for potential artifacts of image processing. Consequently, comparisons were restricted to within-group pairs to avoid confounding by co-varying facial features (e.g., skin tone), which precluded direct cross-condition comparisons but ensured internal validity. In a two-alternative forced-choice task, participants selected the more beautiful face from each pair. The data were analyzed using a Bayesian model which enables inference of the width ratio perceived as most beautiful. Results support the hypothesis that averageness in facial proportions correlates with higher perceived attractiveness. The study highlights the importance of controlling for image manipulation, including attempts at methodological implementation, and of considering ethnicity as a potential moderating variable. These findings offer a data-driven foundation for understanding facial aesthetics and cognitive processes of human perception, with applications in advertising, artificial face generation, and plastic surgery.
108h agoarXiv:2605.26856v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We propose the Sensation Modulating Network (SMN): the cognitive agent as the whole body, organized at every scale by opponent dynamics, built from Sensation Modulators -- tissue that senses and acts through one substrate -- paired into Coordinated Action Zones routed by a body-wide broadcast. It is an inclusive model of the body, in which gravity, elasticity, and the body's topology and geometry do constructive cognitive work. The paper is scoped to what such a body constructs at its foundation -- a self-model, a world-model in that self's frame, and object-directedness -- each built by the body's physics, not assumed as a primitive. The architecture is generative: one small kit of primitives whose morphological variations (chain, sheet, tube, layered, appendicular) construct experience by the same mechanism, an invariance shown for the self-model across body plans and scales. The central thesis: haltability -- the active holding of an opponent equilibrium -- is the architectural condition object-directed phenomenology requires; a second principle, that an object is a bundle of more than one property, carries it from felt resistance to a genuine object. A companion bench realizes each construction as a runnable, falsifiable experiment with a pre-registered order parameter and matched foil. We place the principal competing accounts -- sensorimotor enactivism, active inference, and ecological and affordance-based theories -- as limiting cases within a wider landscape, stating in each case the criterion that would tell them apart, and give systems and cognitive neuroscience its place: the nervous system as the integrating core that makes the body one, not a commander over it. On this account, the cognitivism-4E impasse reflects an incomplete architecture of the embodied agent: its resolution begins not with the brain alone but with the whole body.
108h agoarXiv:2607.09516v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the dynamical properties of coupled phase oscillator systems with heterogeneous oscillator frequencies has been a long-standing challenge of complex systems theory. While the seminal work of Ott and Antonsen dramatically improved our theoretical understanding of coupled phase oscillators for a small family of oscillator frequency distributions, we here present a mean-field reduction method for arbitrary frequency distributions. Our method leverages the drastic dimensionality reduction obtained for Lorentzian frequency distributions, and combines it with a data-driven multi-ensemble approach. As such, the method renders the Ott-Antonsen equations directly applicable to empirical distributions of phase oscillator frequencies, often achieving a drastic dimensionality reduction and allowing to study real-world physical and biological systems by means of stability, sensitivity, and bifurcation analyses.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20958v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evolving open systems, in which new entities are continually introduced and those turning unfit go extinct, exhibit a phase transition between a diverging phase, where the system size grows indefinitely, and a finite phase, where it remains bounded. We show that imposing a bipartite interaction topology alone leaves this transition unchanged when the two partitions are introduced with equal initial connectivity. In contrast, when the initial degrees are asymmetric, the robustness of the system is markedly enhanced such that the transition shifts to higher connectivity and the diverging phase persists even when both initial degrees individually exceed the critical point of the corresponding unstructured system. In addition, we find a re-entrant transition, i.e. a return to the diverging phase as asymmetry is increased while the initial degree of one of the partitions is fixed, making it lying entirely outside the original mean-field picture. An extended mean-field analysis identifies the origin of these effects such that in the asymmetric regime, a feedback between the bipartite handshaking constraint and different extinction rates drives the mean degree of emergent network far above the initially assigned connectivity. This degree elevation suppresses extinction probabilities across the community while simultaneously concentrating extinctions among recently introduced, low-degree nodes. The interplay of these two effects constitutes a simple and universal robustness mechanism for evolving systems with asymmetric bipartite structure.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20983v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper concerns Lax pairs for circularly symmetric harmonic, Fock-Darwin-type and quartic anharmonic oscillators in two dimensions. Although the 2d isotropic harmonic oscillator is bi-Hamiltonian, its recursion operator does not lead to a Lax pair, nor do we obtain such a pair by taking a limit of the harmonic Calogero model. On the other hand, we show that this superintegrable harmonic oscillator admits a $4 \times 4$ block-form Lax pair with spectral parameter giving two conserved mode energies in involution and a corresponding dynamical $r$-matrix. Interestingly, we also find $2 \times 2$ Lax pairs with spectral parameter that give all three independent conserved quantities satisfying a nonabelian Poisson algebra, thereby providing a simple example of a Lax pair whose conserved quantities are not all in involution. Next, we construct a family of $su(2)$ Lax pairs and $r$-matrices for the quadratic+quartic isotropic anharmonic oscillator. This is then extended to an isotropic oscillator with a rotational energy, which may be viewed as the Fock-Darwin oscillator with a quartic potential. With a change of variables, these Lax pairs and $r$-matrices also apply to the Rajeev-Ranken model, although its noncanonical Poisson structure is distinct from that of the anharmonic oscillator.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20509v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Nerve impulses can be modelled as electromechanical density waves within the improved Heimburg-Jackson model. The inclusion of higher-order polynomial nonlinearities leads to a generalized Boussinesq equation with third and fourth order nonlinearities that, under a traveling-wave reduction, reduces to a Li\'enard-type equation. Applying a factorization method yields exact Lambert W-kink soliton solutions that represent localized nonlinear density waves near the membrane melting transition. Beyond providing exact solutions, the factorization uncovers an underlying supersymmetric structure. The associated operators satisfy algebraic relations analogous to those of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, thereby enabling the construction of a partner soliton. This supersymmetric pairing establishes a novel and previously unexplored connection between nonlinear electromechanical wave propagation in biological membranes and supersymmetric quantum-mechanical methods. The resulting framework offers a theoretical foundation for analysing mechanically induced perturbations and their nonlinear propagation in nerve membranes, with potential implications for understanding the biomechanical mechanisms underlying traumatic brain injury.
108h agoarXiv:2607.21232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Near-critical dynamics are often linked to enhanced computation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We address this question in reservoir computing, where a fixed recurrent network maps input sequences into high-dimensional states and only a simple readout is trained. We extend fixed-reservoir universality results to discrete-time input-driven reservoirs and connect their key geometric condition, neighborhood separation, to dynamics. To this end, we introduce a finite-resolution neighborhood separability index and an input-conditioned maximal Lyapunov exponent. We find that neighborhood separability, chaotic time-series prediction, and smooth high-dimensional representation geometry are optimized in the same narrow window of marginal driven stability. In this regime, the covariance spectrum approaches the power-law scaling expected for near-optimal smooth representations. Our results link edge-of-instability computation, universality, readout performance, and optimal representation geometry within a common dynamical framework.
108h agoarXiv:2607.02207v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate modular Laplacian automata on triangular lattices with evolution governed by binary and ternary moduli. Extending previous studies on square lattices, we examine how lattice geometry influences long-term growth, density, fragmentation, and the emergence of self-similar structures. We further investigate whether sparse ternary interventions can stabilize predominantly binary dynamics. The experiments reveal that mask geometry is the primary determinant of large-scale morphology. Full hexagonal masks generate recurrent density crises and fragmentation, whereas triangular masks support persistent growth and reveal a threshold phenomenon governed by growth-capable nuclei. Although seed symmetry influences transient behaviour, the asymptotic morphology is inherited mainly from the mask. To control binary fragmentation, we investigate sparse developmental ternary perturbations in which a small number of carefully timed occurrences of modulus 3 are inserted into an otherwise binary sequence. A Monte Carlo optimization demonstrates that as few as three interventions are sufficient to redirect the subsequent binary evolution toward substantially denser carpet-like configurations. The effectiveness of this strategy depends primarily on the timing of the interventions rather than on their number. Analysis of the post-intervention dynamics shows that ternary shaping does not replace binary evolution. Instead, it produces denser self-similar structures, substantially reduces crisis depth, and resets the phase of the binary crisis clock. The results suggest that geometry determines the family of admissible morphologies, whereas sparse developmental perturbations select favourable long-term trajectories within that family.
108h agoarXiv:2507.12051v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We develop a set of sufficient conditions for guaranteeing that an integrable system with a symmetry group $K$ on a manifold $M$ descends to an integrable system on a dense open subset of the quotient Poisson space $M/K$. The higher dimensional phase space $M$ carries a bivector $P_M$ yielding a bracket on $C^\infty(M)$ such that $C^\infty(M)^K$ is a Poisson algebra. The unreduced system on $M$ is supposed to possess `action variables' that generate a proper, effective action of a group of the form $\mathrm{U}(1)^{\ell_1} \times \mathbb{R}^{\ell_2}$ and descend to action variables of the reduced system. In view of the form of the group and since $P_M$ could be a quasi-Poisson bivector, we say that we work with a generalized Hamiltonian torus action. The reduced systems are in general superintegrable owing to the large set of invariants of the proper Hamiltonian action of $\mathrm{U}(1)^{\ell_1} \times \mathbb{R}^{\ell_2}$. We present several examples and apply our construction for solving open problems regarding the integrability of systems obtained previously by reductions of master systems on doubles of compact Lie groups: the cotangent bundle, the Heisenberg double and the quasi-Poisson double. Furthermore, we offer numerous applications to integrable systems living on moduli spaces of flat connections, using the quasi-Poisson approach.
108h agoarXiv:2511.00418v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a flexible framework for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), yet conventional implementations often fail to preserve key physical invariants during long-term integration. This paper introduces a \emph{structure-preserving PINN} framework for the nonlinear Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation, a prototypical model for nonlinear and dispersive wave propagation. The proposed method embeds the conservation of mass and Hamiltonian energy directly into the loss function, ensuring physically consistent and energy-stable evolution throughout training and prediction. Unlike standard \texttt{tanh}-based PINNs~\cite{raissi2019pinn,wang2022modifiedpinn}, our approach employs sinusoidal activation functions that enhance spectral expressiveness and accurately capture the oscillatory and dispersive nature of KdV solitons. Through representative case studies -- including single-soliton propagation (shape-preserving translation), two-soliton interaction (elastic collision with phase shift), and cosine-pulse initialization (nonlinear dispersive breakup) -- the model successfully reproduces hallmark behaviors of KdV dynamics while maintaining conserved invariants. Ablation studies demonstrate that combining invariant-constrained optimization with sinusoidal feature mappings accelerates convergence, improves long-term stability, and mitigates drift without multi-stage pretraining. These results highlight that computationally efficient, invariant-aware regularization coupled with sinusoidal representations yields robust, energy-consistent PINNs for Hamiltonian partial differential equations such as the KdV equation.
108h agoarXiv:2607.08752v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The complex sine-Gordon (CSG) model contains an internal phase degree of freedom that strongly modifies the dynamics of its solitary-wave solutions. We present a numerical study of complex kink--kink collisions and determine how the final state depends jointly on the initial velocity and relative phase. In contrast with the elastic collisions of the real sine-Gordon model, the CSG system exhibits scattering, capture, long-lived bion formation, breather-like states, and emission of radiative profiles. The simulations reveal two distinct phase-dependent branches of critical velocity. In one branch, increasing the initial velocity promotes capture, whereas in the other it restores scattering. This dual structure highlights the rich velocity--phase dependence of the collision dynamics. We also compute the energy carried by radiative profiles and examine extreme values of the energy density, kinetic and gradient contributions, and field modulus at the collision center. These quantities show sharp transitions at critical points and provide sensitive diagnostics of phase-controlled dynamics. These results suggest that the relative phase behaves as an effective internal degree of freedom that plays an important role in the collision dynamics of complex solitons.
108h agoarXiv:2607.09516v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Understanding the dynamical properties of coupled phase oscillator systems with heterogeneous oscillator frequencies has been a long-standing challenge of complex systems theory. While the seminal work of Ott and Antonsen dramatically improved our theoretical understanding of coupled phase oscillators for a small family of oscillator frequency distributions, we here present a mean-field reduction method for arbitrary frequency distributions. Our method leverages the drastic dimensionality reduction obtained for Lorentzian frequency distributions, and combines it with a data-driven multi-ensemble approach. As such, the method renders the Ott-Antonsen equations directly applicable to empirical distributions of phase oscillator frequencies, often achieving a drastic dimensionality reduction and allowing to study real-world physical and biological systems by means of stability, sensitivity, and bifurcation analyses.
108h agoarXiv:2607.18434v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ecological communities are shaped by the interplay between trophic interactions and infectious disease, yet how spatially mediated interactions influence disease-driven ecosystem dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we develop a gravity-based eco-epidemiological framework for a tri-trophic food chain in which trophic interaction depends on species abundances and effective interaction distance. The disease-free food chain system supports a stable coexistence equilibrium, providing a baseline for investigating disease-induced ecological transitions. Introducing infection at the intermediate trophic level destabilizes this equilibrium through a Hopf bifurcation, leading to sustained oscillations, whereas infection at the top predator level results in a qualitatively different transition from persistence to extinction. By systematically varying the gravity coupling strength, we show that gravity-mediated trophic interactions regulate the thresholds separating these ecological regimes, while the trophic position of infection determines the nature of the transition. Together, these findings establish a unified framework for understanding how spatially mediated trophic interactions and infectious disease jointly govern ecosystem stability, providing new insights into disease-driven dynamics in ecological communities.
108h agoarXiv:2607.21232v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Near-critical dynamics are often linked to enhanced computation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We address this question in reservoir computing, where a fixed recurrent network maps input sequences into high-dimensional states and only a simple readout is trained. We extend fixed-reservoir universality results to discrete-time input-driven reservoirs and connect their key geometric condition, neighborhood separation, to dynamics. To this end, we introduce a finite-resolution neighborhood separability index and an input-conditioned maximal Lyapunov exponent. We find that neighborhood separability, chaotic time-series prediction, and smooth high-dimensional representation geometry are optimized in the same narrow window of marginal driven stability. In this regime, the covariance spectrum approaches the power-law scaling expected for near-optimal smooth representations. Our results link edge-of-instability computation, universality, readout performance, and optimal representation geometry within a common dynamical framework.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20623v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learning compact, interpretable descriptions of quantum many-body states is an important task in quantum science. We study the task of learning the Slater determinant with maximum fidelity to an arbitrary fermionic many-body state, with motivation from both Hartree-Fock methods and agnostic tomography. Given an $n$-fermion wavefunction built from $m$ fermionic modes, we provide classical and quantum algorithms returning a Slater determinant with fidelity within $\varepsilon$ of maximal in time $m^{\text{poly}(n,1/\varepsilon)}$. We prove matching hardness lower bounds, assuming standard complexity conjectures, along some parameter axes. Given access to quantum copies, we prove this can be accomplished with $\text{poly}(m,n,1/\varepsilon)$ copies of $\rho$. We also show that above a fidelity of $2/3$ any stationary point is the unique global maximum while below $2/3$ the optimization landscape can have spurious stationary points, and hence $2/3$ marks a transition point in the optimization landscape for this problem. We apply the algorithm to the Fermi-Hubbard model, extracting the closest Slater determinant from neural quantum state solutions. Together, our results provide algorithmic tools with provable guarantees in understanding fermionic many-body systems with classical or quantum simulation.
108h agoarXiv:2607.20906v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a key technique for probing local atomic environments, yet learning based modeling must bridge two heterogeneous modalities: 1D continuous spectra and 3D atomic structures. Existing approaches typically decouple forward spectrum prediction and inverse structure inference into separate regression tasks, hindering shared representation learning. Moreover, severe permutation ambiguity among identical atoms often limits inverse modeling to coarse structure descriptors rather than explicit 3D structure generation. In this work, we present Uni-XAS, a unified benchmark and learning framework that reframes bidirectional XAS modeling as a cross-modal alignment and conditional generation problem. We first propose XASLip, an alignment recipe coupling a physics-aware spectral encoder with an absorberaware manifold optimization strategy to resolve fine-grained intra-element coordination variations. Building upon this shared latent space, we formulate forward prediction as anchored absolute-spectrum generation via retrieval-augmented decoding, effectively preventing physical scale collapse and energy drift. For the inherently ill-posed inverse problem, we introduce Permutation-Rectified Flow Matching, which integrates type-wise optimal transport into a continuous generative flow to provide a principled solution to ligand permutation ambiguity without relying on heavy high-order equivariant architectures. Evaluated on a largescale standardized benchmark of 328,839 structure-spectrum pairs, Uni-XAS demonstrates strong performance in cross-modal retrieval, accurate absolute-spectrum prediction, and composition-conditional 3D structure generation, establishing a scalable, reproducible, and protocol-consistent foundation for multimodal learning and standardized evaluation in scientific spectroscopy.
108h agoarXiv:2412.04442v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches, such as $\textit{ab initio}$ MD (AIMD) and empirical force field MD (EFFMD), face significant trade-offs between physical accuracy and computational efficiency. This work presents a linear-scaling potential-free data-driven molecular dynamics (PDMD) framework for predicting system energy and atomic forces of arbitrary-sized water clusters $(\text{H}_2\text{O})_n$. Specifically, PDMD employs a Gaussian-based atomic geometry descriptor to generate high-dimensional, atomistic footprints, then leverages ChemGNN, a graph neural network model that adaptively learns the atomic chemical environments without requiring $\textit{a priori}$ knowledge. Through an iterative self-consistent training approach, the converged PDMD achieves a mean absolute error of 1.39 meV/atom for energy, outperforming other state-of-the-art models such as DeepMD, MACE, NequIP, and SevenNet by at least 2.6x in accuracy with the same dataset. As a result, the linear-scaling PDMD can reproduce the AIMD properties of water clusters at orders-of-magnitude lower computational cost, as illustrated by simulations of systems consisting of thousands or more molecules. These results demonstrate that the proposed PDMD offers multiphase predictive power and enables ultra-fast, general-purpose MD simulations while retaining AIMD-level accuracy. This accuracy is achieved by efficiently capturing many-body potentials that are critical in numerous polyatomic systems but are often missing in EFFMD. Moreover, we have constructed an $\textit{ab initio}$ dataset with over 300,000 $(\text{H}_2\text{O})_n$ structures, standardized in a unified PyTorch Geometric framework, to support scalable evaluation of artificial intelligence methods for molecular dynamics.
108h agoarXiv:2511.06829v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In an isotopically disordered harmonic chain, phonon transmission attenuates exponentially with distance because of multiple scattering by the isotopic defects. We propose a simple and systematic method, which is based on the static structure factor, for arranging the isotopic defects to suppress or enhance phonon scattering within a targeted frequency window (TFW), resulting in frequency-selective maximization or minimization of phonon transmission. The phononic transparency and opacity effects are demonstrated numerically from the changes in the transmission coefficient and the phonon inverse participation ratio. We briefly discuss how the underlying concept can be extended to the design of aperiodic superlattices to improve or block phononic transmission and control coherent phonon transport.
108h agoarXiv:2607.09516v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding the dynamical properties of coupled phase oscillator systems with heterogeneous oscillator frequencies has been a long-standing challenge of complex systems theory. While the seminal work of Ott and Antonsen dramatically improved our theoretical understanding of coupled phase oscillators for a small family of oscillator frequency distributions, we here present a mean-field reduction method for arbitrary frequency distributions. Our method leverages the drastic dimensionality reduction obtained for Lorentzian frequency distributions, and combines it with a data-driven multi-ensemble approach. As such, the method renders the Ott-Antonsen equations directly applicable to empirical distributions of phase oscillator frequencies, often achieving a drastic dimensionality reduction and allowing to study real-world physical and biological systems by means of stability, sensitivity, and bifurcation analyses.
108h agoarXiv:2607.19195v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Using large deviations theory, we solve and obtain a general expression for the free energy functional for a broad class of associative memories, including dense associative memories. We illustrate the method by reproducing classical results for the Hopfield model. For a finite number of patterns, we derive the temperature-dependent free energy functional for dense associative memories featuring polynomial interactions and Log-Sum-Exponential (LSE) activation. We also evaluate the disorder-averaged ground-state energy of these systems in the extensive limit. Our analytical framework reveals how memory retrieval depends on the initial state in higher-order dense networks, and gives the exact full-retrieval threshold for the LSE model. This method provides a systematic procedure for analyzing diverse, complex architectures in associative memory.
108h agoarXiv:2510.24616v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: For four decades statistical physics has been providing a framework to analyse neural networks. A long-standing question remained on its capacity to tackle deep learning models capturing rich feature learning effects, thus going beyond the narrow networks or kernel methods analysed until now. We positively answer through the study of the supervised learning of a multi-layer perceptron. Importantly, (i) its width scales as the input dimension, making it more prone to feature learning than ultra wide networks, and more expressive than narrow ones or ones with fixed embedding layers; and (ii) we focus on the challenging interpolation regime where the number of trainable parameters and data are comparable, which forces the model to adapt to the task. We consider the matched teacher-student setting. Therefore, we provide the fundamental limits of learning random deep neural network targets and identify the sufficient statistics describing what is learnt by an optimally trained network as the data budget increases. A rich phenomenology emerges with various learning transitions. With enough data, optimal performance is attained through the model's "specialisation" towards the target, but it can be hard to reach for training algorithms which get attracted by sub-optimal solutions predicted by the theory. Specialisation occurs inhomogeneously across layers, propagating from shallow towards deep ones, but also across neurons in each layer. Furthermore, deeper targets are harder to learn. Despite its simplicity, the Bayes-optimal setting provides insights on how the depth, non-linearity and finite (proportional) width influence neural networks in the feature learning regime that are potentially relevant in much more general settings.
108h agoCaenorhabditis elegans, like other animals, relies on attractive odours for foraging and on aversive odours for avoidance of pathogens. An odour produced by pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonoas aeruginosa induces immune response as well as avoidance in C. elegans via AWB olfactory neurons. We asked whether AWB neurons provide broader immunity to a wide range of pathogens. We activated AWB neurons using three chemically distinct bacterial odours and found that activation indeed induces protective immunity. Conversely, silencing of AWB neurons early during infection enhances susceptibility to infections. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the activation of AWB using odours upregulates detoxification pathways and other protective pathways in non-neuronal tissues. Specifically, odour exposure activates UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT-18 in the intestine that protects worms from the phenazine toxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and promotes broader immunity to Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica), Gram-positive bacteria, (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and yeast (Cryptococcus neoformans). Altogether, our findings highlights microbial odours as non-canonical molecular patterns for activating immune responses.
108h agoHippocampal ripples are considered a key mechanism of sleep-dependent memory consolidation. In humans, however, their direct investigation has relied on invasive recordings from patients with epilepsy, because EEG provides limited access to fast activity from deep medial temporal structures. Here, we tested whether source-resolved magnetoencephalography can reveal physiologically meaningful ripple-like activity during NREM sleep in healthy humans. These events showed hallmarks expected of sleep ripples: they were most prominent in medial temporal regions and embedded within slow oscillation (SO)-spindle dynamics, occurring preferentially during SO up-states and spindle centers. To test mnemonic relevance, we combined sleep MEG with targeted memory reactivation, in which learning cues were replayed during sleep. TMR improved memory performance, and later remembered cues preferentially recruited medial temporal ripple-like events alongside cortical spindles. Ripple-like events also coincided with enhanced item-specific reactivation during successful TMR. Together, these findings establish MEG as a non-invasive window onto hippocampo-cortical memory dynamics during sleep.
108h agoLearned movements are thought to be represented in both extrinsic and intrinsic coordinate systems. Intrinsic representations have traditionally been characterized using joint-based coordinates, although the relationship between joint movements and muscle activation depends strongly on limb configuration. Consequently, movement directions aligned in joint space may not be aligned in muscle space, but the implications of this mismatch for motor learning have remained largely unexplored. We addressed this question by combining electromyographic (EMG) analysis with a visuomotor adaptation experiment. In Experiment 1, participants performed planar reaching movements in two workspaces separated by a 45 degree shoulder rotation while EMG activity was recorded from nine upper-limb muscles. Muscle-pattern similarity analysis revealed that movement directions aligned in joint space were not always aligned in muscle space and that the degree of misalignment varied systematically across movement directions. Based on these results, we predicted that visuomotor adaptation to clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotations would produce different patterns of motor generalization, contrary to the prediction of conventional joint-space accounts. Experiment 2 confirmed this prediction, revealing a systematic shift between the CW and CCW generalization patterns that was consistent with the muscle-space prediction. These findings suggest that intrinsic representations of learned movements are not fully captured by joint-based coordinates alone and that muscle-based coordinates contribute to motor learning and its generalization. Together, these findings highlight the importance of considering underlying biomechanics when interpreting motor representations using generalization paradigms.
108h agoHalting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases remains one of the foremost challenges in medicinal chemistry due to the complex biology that drives disease progression. For example, a hallmark of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, is the misfolding and aggregation of the protein -Synuclein (-Syn), driving the formation of toxic oligomers and fibrils that avoid natural intracellular clearance mechanisms, participate in unusual protein-protein interactions, and ultimately contribute to the death of dopaminergic neurons. The field of targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic route to selectively degrade proteins of interest that leverage natural intracellular protein degradation machinery. First generation TPD therapeutics have traditionally been designed as bifunctional, chimeric compounds in which a short covalent linker tethers a ligand designed to bind target proteins to a ligand that initiates an either proteosome- or lysosome-dependent protein degradation cascade. While initial studies have indicated the promise of these approaches, translation to the clinical setting has been challenging due to difficulties in achieving cellular internalization, long-term stability, and establishment of a generalizable strategy. To overcome these obstacles, this work has focused on adding modularity and dynamic capability to this classical model by leveraging a multivalent macromolecular approach to TPD. Specifically, peptide amphiphiles (PAs) were designed to self-assemble into high-aspect-ratio supramolecular nanofibers and present peptide epitopes on the surface of the fibers to target simultaneous binding of -Syn and recruitment of enzymes that facilitate entry into the lysosome-dependent chaperone-mediated autophagy protein degradation pathway. In vitro application of these bioactive PA nanofibers has demonstrated the ability to independently internalize in cells and reduce -Syn protein levels selectively and effectively. While further optimization of this model has the potential to be a viable therapeutic against -Syn aggregation, the modularity of these supramolecular nanofibers through facile monomer design and incorporation illustrates the potential of establishing a platform technology for targeting a diverse range of pathologic proteins.
112h agoThe noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM) are key hubs of ascending neuromodulatory systems that shape large-scale brain dynamics. However, the behavioral relevance of the structural and functional connectivity between these nuclei remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether LC-nBM structural or functional connectivity is related to cognitive-motor dual-task performance in healthy younger and older adults. Fifty-four participants (36 older, 18 younger) underwent diffusion MRI, resting-state fMRI, and behavioral assessment using an MRI-compatible cognitive-motor dual-task paradigm. LC-nBM structural connectivity was estimated using tractography, whereas resting-state functional connectivity was quantified as Fisher z-transformed correlations between LC and nBM time series. LC-nBM structural connectivity was better explained by a quadratic rather than a linear or cubic age model, indicating non-linear age-related variation, whereas functional connectivity showed no significant age-related association. Higher LC-nBM structural connectivity was associated with greater cognitive dual-task cost, but not with motor dual-task cost or single- or dual-task reaction times. This association was not moderated by age group and was not statistically explained by attentional and executive performance as measured by the Test of Attentional Performance. These findings suggest that LC-nBM structural connectivity is selectively associated with cognitive-motor interference, potentially reflecting a neuromodulatory pathway that constrains the balance between task-specific stabilization and flexible cross-domain coordination during a cognitive-motor dual-tasking.
112h agoLanguage is a defining trait of our species, and disruptions in language acquisition can have profound consequences to the individuals affected. Uncovering the neurodevelopmental basis of this complex trait requires detailed molecular and cellular insights into the neocortical areas that support linguistic abilities. Here we performed joint gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiling at single-nucleus resolution (10x Genomics Single cell Multiome) and spatial transcriptomic profiling (Xenium high-plex in situ spatial transcriptomics) of Broca's area alongside adjacent motor cortical areas. We profiled individuals from different ancestries (European and African) and developmental stages (infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood). We provide a high-resolution dissection of the cellular and molecular architecture of Broca's and motor cortical areas across early life stages and anchor the trajectories to the cellular states found in the adult human brain. We identify distinct area- and stage-specific cellular signatures, including a prominent role of glia populations and interneuron subtypes contributing to cytoarchitectonic specializations. Using longitudinal single cell spatial transcriptomic profiling, we orthogonally validate our consensus cell taxonomy and spatially resolve layer enrichment of neuronal and astrocyte subtypes that distinguish Broca's area and motor cortex. We also uncover cell type-specific molecular signatures that distinguish cell developmental trajectories in these cortical areas, including an early molecular code established by differential expression of cadherin genes that might contribute to area-specific intercellular communication. We also identify cell type-specific vulnerabilities to language-related neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, with selective susceptibility of particular somatostatin-positive interneuron subtypes to ASD/ADHD. Finally, evolutionary analysis of differentially accessible regions between Broca's area and motor cortex suggests that genetic mutations that might have contributed to the emergence of linguistic abilities accumulated over the course of million years following the divergence of human and chimpanzee lineages. Together, our study provides a comprehensive molecular, cellular and spatial definition of Broca's area and motor cortex, laying the groundwork for investigations into unique aspects of human cognition and related neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
112h agoTheta-phase synchronisation between visual and auditory rhythmically modulated sensory stimuli during encoding has been shown to enhance associative memory, an effect known as Theta-Induced Memory Effect (TIME). However, whether this advantage is short-lived or persists over time remains unknown. To address this, we examined the TIME effect in 52 participants randomly assigned to a short-delay group (immediate retrieval) or a long-delay group (retrieval after 24 hours). Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during incidental encoding of audio-video pairs. The luminance of the video clips and the amplitude of the sounds were modulated at theta frequency (4 Hz) and presented either in-synchrony (0 phase offset between audio and video) or out-of-synchrony (the sound 180 phase-shifted relative to the video). Source reconstruction was used to estimate the actual phase difference between visual and auditory cortices for every trial. At the behavioural level, no significant difference in memory accuracy was found between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions in either group. However, after reconstructing the actual phase difference at the source level, the TIME effect was replicated in the short-delay group, with significantly higher memory accuracy at the optimal reconstructed theta phase compared to out-of-phase. In contrast, the long-delay group showed a reversed pattern, with higher accuracy in the asynchronous condition, though this difference did not reach significance. These findings suggest that the TIME effect is time-limited and may not survive or even reverse after overnight consolidation.
112h agoBACKGROUND: Genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) shows large differences in symptom profiles, brain atrophy patterns, and progression rate, making clinical trials difficult to design and power. There is a need for biomarkers that can model disease progression, identify biologically distinct groups, and support efficient trial enrichment. METHODS: We applied contrastive trajectory inference (cTI), a machine-learning method, to structural MRI, white matter hyperintensity, and demographic data from 736 participants in the GENFI cohort, including non-carriers and carriers of C9orf72, GRN, or MAPT mutations. cTI produced an individual "genetic FTD progression score" (0--1) and grouped mutation carriers into data-driven subtypes. We tested construct validity using correlations between progression score and cognitive/functional measures, examined subtype differences in brain-behavior coupling, plasma neurofilament light (NfL), and longitudinal decline, and compared cTI-based trial enrichment against age, cortical thickness and NfL using analytic and simulation-based power analyses. RESULTS: Genetic FTD progression scores correlated strongly with global dementia severity and multiple cognitive domains (all p < 0.001), confirming robust clinical scoring. Two mutation-carrier subtypes emerged: a Progressive Track (Subtype 2) with strong associations between progression score and cognitive/functional impairment, rising NfL, and faster longitudinal decline; and a Dissociated Track (Subtype 3) with comparable levels of structural variation but weak or absent clinical and NfL changes, suggesting relative biological stability. Baseline subtype membership added prognostic value for future decline in processing speed and language beyond baseline severity. Notably, for C9orf72 and GRN, cTI-informed enrichment reduced required recruited sample size per arm by about 61--75% compared with unenriched designs, and outperformed enrichment using age, cortical thickness or NfL in both analytic and simulation-based power analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Machine-learning stratification of genetic FTD reveals a progressive and a dissociated disease track and provides individualized progression scores that closely track clinical status. cTI progression scores offer a powerful tool for trial enrichment, enabling smaller, more efficient prevention and early-intervention trials than conventional MRI or NfL markers alone.
112h agoBackground: Childhood maltreatment is a traumatic interpersonal stressor that increases vulnerability for depression in adulthood. However, some individuals show secure attachment despite childhood maltreatment, a pattern that can be described as interpersonal resilience. The present study examined the behavioral and neural correlates of interpersonal resilience, defined as secure attachment in adults exposed to childhood maltreatment. Methods: We analyzed structural 3T MRI data from 1,317 adults, including healthy participants and individuals with partially or fully remitted major depression. Gray matter volume was estimated from structural MRI data using voxel-based morphometry. Attachment style and childhood maltreatment were assessed using the Relationship Scales Questionnaire and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. A 2x2 design (childhood maltreatment by attachment style) tested main and interaction effects on behavioral outcomes and brain structure. Results: Interpersonally resilient individuals with secure attachment and maltreatment reported significantly better mental health outcomes compared to insecurely attached adults with maltreatment. Differences included lower self-reported and rater-based depressive symptoms, lower global symptom severity, and higher global functioning. In the neuroimaging analyses, we identified a significant childhood maltreatment by attachment style interaction in the left supramarginal gyrus, with larger gray matter volume in resilient individuals compared to all other groups. This effect remained robust across multiple sensitivity analyses, controlling for medication load, antidepressant intake, diagnosis group, as well as in a complementary dimensional analysis. Conclusions: The results identify a potential neural correlate of interpersonal resilience. Larger gray matter volume in the left supramarginal gyrus, a region previously implicated in perspective taking and self-other distinction among other functions, may be relevant to more adaptive interpersonal functioning after early adversity. Together with the robust behavioral effects, these findings are consistent with secure attachment as a protective factor that may be associated with attenuated effects of childhood maltreatment on mental health.
112h agoSensory coding depends on the architecture of cortical neural networks, yet the principles linking network organization to coding performance remain poorly understood. To address this question, we inferred spiking signal-transmission networks at single neuron resolution from simultaneous Neuropixels recordings across six visual areas and related their organization to the fidelity and speed of sensory coding. Improved coding was associated with structured sparsification of these networks, characterized by fewer, more local, modular, feature-specific, and feedforward connections. To identify the mechanisms through which structured sparsification enhances coding, we used rate-based network models within a linear Fisher information framework. Our results show that structured sparsification improves coding fidelity by reducing shared variability, decreasing signal noise alignment, and sharpening neuronal selectivity. It also accelerates coding by promoting more feedforward transmission of sensory signals. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic link between the architecture of cortical signal-transmission networks and the fidelity and speed of population codes.
112h agoImagery evokes perceptual-like experiences and recruits similar neural activity to perception. In music, this shared activity has already been established in secondary auditory cortex, yet the nature of the representation is not fully understood; specifically, it is not clear whether the identity of individual imagined pitches can be decoded from brain activity. Using temporal lobe EEG channels, we examined the shared evoked patterns of musical pitch perception and imagery, and decoded individual imagined pitches from evoked oscillatory power across three conditions (Perception, Imagery, Random Pitch). Twenty-two participants heard the opening tones of a familiar melody, imagined its continuation, and judged whether a final probe tone matched the original note; a random-pitch condition served as a control. Replicating previous findings, the evoked perceptual pattern was reinstated during imagery, particularly in the right temporal channels, which showed stronger event-related potential correlations and a larger mismatch negativity to the probe tone than the left. A multiclass support vector machine decoded individual pitch identity from evoked oscillatory power (phase-locked activity time-locked to each tone onset) exceeding chance in all conditions, with accuracy higher for Perception and Imagery than Random Pitch. The optimal oscillatory bands differed across conditions: theta-beta gave the highest accuracy for Perception and Imagery, theta-alpha for the Random Pitch. These results demonstrate that individual pitch information is present during both perception and imagery, and that the theta-beta signature shared by the predictive contexts, distinct from the control, suggests a contribution of predictive processing.
116h agoStable gait in humans relies on both precise estimates of lower limb position and the ability to robustly adapt walking movements across different environments. However, the specific relationship between sensorimotor adaptation and the perception of lower limb position during gait remains unclear. In this study, we tested a specific theoretical model of how sensorimotor adaptation during gait could cause a shift in the perception of lower limb position. To test this theory, we probed lower limb position sense estimates using a valid and reliable two-alternative forced choice task before and after a long bout of split-belt treadmill walking. The theoretical model assumes that a shift in the perception of limb position is caused by the optimal integration between the predicted and actual sensory feedback of step lengths. Using this model, we generated hypotheses relating to the direction of the shift in limb position sense estimates as well as the relationship between the magnitude of these sensory shifts and the plateau of adaptation when measured using the canonical step length asymmetry index. Like prior studies, participants robustly adapted their step length asymmetry during split-belt treadmill walking. However, we did not observe reliable changes in limb position sense after this adaptation relative to baseline. Furthermore, the changes in limb position sense were not related to the plateau of sensorimotor adaptation. However, post-hoc analysis of other gait parameters, most notably double limb support time, revealed a strong relationship between its adaptation plateau and sensory recalibration. These results suggest that while the specific theorical model we proposed was not supported, sensory recalibration could play an important role in split-belt adaptation and raise questions regarding the error signal driving split-belt adaptation.
116h agoOngoing technological advances will lead to recordings with progressively increasing numbers of neurons, while trial counts may only increase modestly. The analysis of such large-scale data increasingly relies on extracting collective neural population geometry. These combined recording and analysis trends raise the fundamental need for a predictive theory of experimental design that can tell us how accurately we will be able to infer such geometry in future larger scale recordings with more neurons and trials, by extrapolating from past smaller recordings. We derive such a theory for the simplest and most widely used method for extracting population geometry: principal component analysis. Our theory can predict how the dimensionality of neural data will grow with more neurons and trials and how accurate and reliable neuronal correlations and individual neural modes of the population geometry will be. Importantly, we find a blessing of dimensionality in which recording more neurons allows population geometry to be inferred accurately with fewer trials. The need for fewer trials in larger recordings will allow for the design of new experiments with more diverse trial types. Moreover, we derive scaling laws for the performance of neural prediction, setting the stage for the derivation of scaling laws for foundation models in neuroscience. We successfully test our theory across diverse species and recording modalities.
116h agoChronic neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributor to Alzheimer disease, yet the upstream stimuli that sustain it remain poorly defined. We investigated whether persistent microbial material contributes to Alzheimer disease using the conserved microbial polysaccharide poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). PNAG-containing microbial material colocalized with amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer disease brain tissue. In fully human neuronal and three-dimensional brain models, purified PNAG and PNAG-containing microbial vesicles activated Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inflammasome signaling and promoted amyloid-{beta} and phosphorylated tau accumulation. Vaccination targeting PNAG improved cognition, reduced glial activation and amyloid pathology, remodeled amyloid processing, and preserved gut microbial community structure in APP/PS1 mice. These findings identify persistent microbial material as an upstream contributor to Alzheimer disease-associated neuroinflammation and a potential therapeutic target.
116h agoEpilepsy affects approximately 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Consistent with these observations, while PRICKLE mutations are primarily linked with epilepsy, there is an enrichment of pathogenic DNA sequence variants in PRICKLE genes carried by individuals with ASD. Nonetheless, a connection between PRICKLE function and ASD warrants further investigation. Here, we show that a seizure-prone Drosophila prickle mutant (prickle-spiny-legs, or pksple) exhibits learning and memory deficits, increased pain sensitivity, both communication and social interaction difficulties, and restrictive repetitive grooming behaviors, all of which are strongly correlated with ASD, while a non-seizure prone prickle mutant (prickle-prickle, or pkpk) does not, thereby providing a direct genetic connection between epilepsy and ASD through prickle. Comparing headed versus headless pksple mutants, we also show that the excessive grooming requires higher level cognitive processing from the brain. Finally, both pksple and pkpk mutants exhibit circadian rhythm defects, another feature correlated with ASD, as well as distinct yet overlapping neurological anomalies in processes that include innate immune response, oxidative stress response, neuronal cell death, neurodegeneration, motor dysfunction and reduced lifespan, likely reflecting the unique isoform expression patterns observed in the developing CNS. Collectively, this study highlights the broadscale effects of PRICKLE mutations that extend beyond the primary clinical features of epilepsy to include several of the core features of ASD.
120h agoPerceived or volitional control over a stressor is a critical determinant of resilient versus susceptible behavioral phenotypes. Activation of the lateral habenula (LHb) is required for the behavioral changes or learned helplessness effects that follow inescapable, but not escapable, stress. However, the relevant LHb inputs that regulate its mediation of inescapable stress outcomes are not fully elucidated. We find that ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamatergic axons in LHb are activated by aversive stimuli, and this activation was not altered by prior inescapable stress experience. Similarly, optogenetic activation of VTA glutamatergic axons in LHb resulted in c-Fos expression in LHb neurons that did not depend on a prior inescapable stress experience. Photoinhibition of VTA glutamatergic axons in LHb during each inescapable stress trial prevented social and nonsocial consequences of inescapable stress. We interpret these results such that VTA glutamatergic inputs to LHb report aversive stimuli to LHb, possibly related to current salient aversive experience without regard to prior stress history. Nevertheless, VTA glutamatergic input to the LHb plays an important role in regulating LHb-mediated social and nonsocial consequences of uncontrollable stress.
120h agoAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, yet the environmental drivers that accelerate its progression remain poorly defined. Traffic-related air pollution is emerging as a modifiable AD risk factor, but how inhaled particles perturb microglial clearance of amyloid beta (A{beta}) is unknown. Microglia are the principal A{beta}-clearing phagocytes of the brain. Here, we showed that exposure of primary mouse microglia and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMGLs) to 3-100 g/mL diesel exhaust particles (DEP) disrupted microglial homeostasis, induced morphological abnormalities, increased reactive oxygen species, impaired lysosomal degradation, and led to a concentration-dependent loss of phagocytic capacity. Importantly, DEP markedly reduces A{beta} uptake in both species. Transcriptomic profiling revealed a DEP-induced, non-canonical state characterized by metabolic reprogramming, broad suppression of inflammatory pathways, antigen-presentation, chemokine, and species-specific remodeling during subsequent A{beta} challenge, including defective chemotaxis, cell cycle, and cytoskeletal signatures. These data show that DEP profoundly alters microglial transcriptional and metabolic states, leading to impaired A{beta} clearance, which could, thereby, further contribute to AD progression.
120h agoAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal disease caused by motor neuron loss. Schwann cells, the myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system, metabolically and structurally support neurons. ALS patients exhibit Schwann cell pathology, such as TDP-43 proteinopathy, therefore Schwann cell dysfunction may contribute to disease progression. Here, we have characterised myelinating Schwann cell pathology in a TDP-43Q331K (TDP-43) transgenic mouse model of ALS. We also crossed the floxxed TDP-43 mouse with a myelin protein zero (P0)-cre mouse to excise the transgene from Schwann cells alone (P0-cre/TDP-43) to assess rescue. Compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, 10 mo TDP-43 mice exhibited changes to myelin architecture, including loss of myelin binding proteins at the paranodes, decreased node of Ranvier length, and non-compact, degenerating myelin. In P0-cre/TDP-43 mice these myelin disruptions were rescued. However, this improved histology did not lead to a functional rescue, with both P0-cre/TDP-43 and TDP-43 mice exhibiting slowed sciatic nerve conduction and worsened motor behaviour. Further histological analyses revealed that Bungner Schwann cells, a subtype of Schwann cells triggered by neuronal injury, were activated in both TDP-43 and P0-cre/TDP-43 mice. Activation of Bungner Schwann cells can trigger damaging inflammation through the recruitment of macrophages, which can hinder motor and electrophysiological performance, potentially underpinning the lack of functional rescue in the P0-cre/TDP-43. We established that the rescue of Schwann cells indeed protects myelin in this ALS model, however understanding how Bungner Schwann cells exacerbate neuronal pathology is essential for developing effective therapeutics that can improve functional output.
120h agoNature Neuroscience, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02354-5
Herwerth et al. demonstrate that, after focal astrocyte loss in the adult brain, perilesional astrocytes undergo extensive remodeling, proliferation and nuclear translocation to repopulate the depleted tissue without forming a glial scar. 124h agoNature Neuroscience, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02362-5
Thompson, Rollik and colleagues show that, during sleep, the brain replays procedural memories in the striatum independently of the hippocampus. Replay content was shaped by prior reward and error outcomes and predicted next-day motor performance improvements. 124h agoNature Computational Science, Published online: 23 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s43588-026-01023-8
Privacy, utility, and efficiency benchmarks have advanced privacy-preserving genome-wide association studies (GWAS) but often fall short of supporting organizational decisions about responsible data sharing. Future benchmarks should connect formal guarantees and assumptions to institutional risk, accountability, and decision making. 124h agoThe neighborhoods children grow up in are associated with cognitive and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Yet how neighborhood-level factors are quantified, and how they relate to large-scale functional brain connectivity, remains an emerging area of investigation. This scoping review synthesizes empirical evidence on associations between area-level factors and resting-state functional brain connectivity and network organization. We included studies assessing resting-state fMRI functional connectivity or rs-fMRI-derived intrinsic activity in relation to validated area-level deprivation indices guided by Trinidad et al.'s (2022) inventory, the Opportunity Atlas, or geocoded crime exposure from the Uniform Crime Reporting program. Of the 28 studies meeting inclusion criteria, the evidence base was unevenly distributed across the lifespan; 25 of 28 (89.3%) examined perinatal, childhood, or adolescent samples, while only one examined adults exclusively. The literature was also methodologically non-independent, over half drew on the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, and the Area Deprivation Index was the most commonly used measure (k = 16, 57.1%). Therefore, apparent convergence partly reflects shared data and instruments rather than independent replication. Where directions could be compared, higher area-level disadvantage was associated predominantly with lower within-network connectivity in association and control systems and higher connectivity in somatomotor systems, with several findings attenuating once area-level exposure was isolated from household socioeconomic status. Geographic resolution varied but was rarely justified. Progress will require greater theoretical intentionality in selecting area-level measures, transparent justification of geographic resolution, treatment of dataset and measure non-independence, and investment in understudied developmental periods and non-US contexts.
124h agoHow early visual cortex (EVC) supports language and semantic processing in sighted and congenitally blind individuals remains debated. Some predict that blindness induces radical functional reorganization of EVC, whereas others suggest more modest scaling-up changes of a neurofunctional architecture present in sighted individuals. We recorded whole-head MEG in 19 early blind (EB) and 21 sighted adults (SC) listening to spoken adjectives belonging to different semantic categories (i.e., abstract, concrete visual, concrete non-visual) and performing lexical and semantic decision tasks. In the lexical task, lexical information (i.e., word vs pseudoword) could be reliably decoded in perisylvian language areas and the EVC of both groups, with group differences (EB > SC) localized to occipital areas between 0.4 and 0.8 s after word onset. During the semantic task, semantic category information could be decoded in a network overlapping with the canonical semantic system and encompassing the EVC of both groups, with group differences (EB > SC) localized to occipital areas between 0.9 and 1 s after stimulus onset. We further characterized EVC properties and showed that i) EVC semantic information decoding is task sensitive, with no above-chance decoding in EB or SC in the lexical task ii) in the blind EVC it was possible to decode abstract from concrete concepts but not visual from non-visual concepts, a profile similar to that of posterior cingulate areas, but different to anterior cingulate cortex which showed above chance classification for all semantic categories. These results suggest that deprived EVC is integrated into a distributed lexical-semantic network carrying behaviourally relevant semantic information, although to a different extent.
124h agoA core motor function of the cerebellum is error-based learning: it uses prediction errors--mismatches between predicted and actual sensory feedback--to refine actions. One provocative hypothesis is that the cerebellum performs similar computations in cognitive domains. Here, we ask whether error-based learning computations in the cerebellum extend to a passive statistical learning task that requires neither action nor decision-making. Human participants viewed sequences of visual stimuli with varying probabilistic stimulus-stimulus transitions while undergoing fMRI. Subjects reported no explicit knowledge of the transitional probabilities after the scan. Nonetheless, putative cognitive regions of the cerebellum encoded prediction errors during statistical learning. Moreover, error signals in the cerebellum were encoded in a different manner than error signals in the anterior hippocampus, a well-known substrate of statistical learning: cerebellar activity covaried with trial-by-trial prediction errors that evolved slowly over time (echoing cerebellar computations in motor learning), whereas the hippocampus responded in a more fixed manner to the underlying transition structure. Computational modeling formalized this dissociation, with cerebellar activity explained by a delta-rule model that incrementally adjusted predictions based on recent experience, and hippocampal activity characterized as a form of Bayesian updating of a transition distribution held in memory. Our findings demonstrate that the cerebellum encodes prediction errors during passive nonmotor learning, and thus that it likely plays a domain-general role in error-based learning.
124h agoLearning the value of environmental stimuli from reward experience allows animals to make advantageous choices. Existing biological accounts of reinforcement learning (RL) often assume that this value is represented as a single, motor-system-invariant neural signal. Here we recorded neuronal activity across eight nodes of the macaque cortico-basal ganglia system, from limbic to neocortical regions, while monkeys learned stimulus-reward associations using either saccades or reaches as the required motor response. The geometry of population activity revealed largely distinct value-coding dimensions for saccades and reaches, including in limbic regions typically associated with motor-system-invariant value coding. Consequently, value information was substantially reduced when read out across motor systems. These results provide circuit-wide evidence that challenges existing neural implementations of RL. They link biological accounts of value learning to embodied frameworks in cognitive science and artificial intelligence, in which behavior is grounded in an agent's physical structure rather than abstracted from it.
124h agoWord classes such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives are fundamental units of language, but their neural encoding remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether word classes are processed as invariant, context-independent lexical categories or depend on sentence context during language processing. We analyse source-localized magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 200 native Dutch participants who read or listened to sentences and their scrambled counterparts (word lists) from the MOUS dataset. Time-resolved encoding models are used to predict neural responses from major word classes (noun, verb, adjective) and other linguistic variables including word frequency, surprisal, entropy, word length, and ordinal position. Across modalities, we observe a significant interaction between word class and context (sentences vs. word lists), manifest as dynamic modulation of neural responses in a widespread cortical network including bilateral perisylvian, frontal, and midline regions previously implicated in lexicosemantic, structural, and pragmatic processing. This interaction emerges early and reappears later in processing, with distinct temporal profiles for reading and listening. Within-condition effects reveal that word class contributes to neural responses at the level of individual words, but this contribution is context-dependent: it is robust in sentences across modalities and in word-list reading, but absent in auditory word lists. These results indicate that word-class encoding is shaped by the interaction between word-level properties and sentence context during real-time language processing.
124h agoMusic, which is organized hierarchically (notes, phrases, sections), provides an ideal model for studying fine-grained motor sequence production. However, it is unknown how musicians' brains integrate tonal structure over multiple timescales during real-life performance. Here, we scrambled an unfamiliar Tchaikovsky piano suite at four timescales (every 1/2/8 measures, or fully intact) and asked expert pianists to play (sightread) all four versions in the fMRI scanner. Responses in the motor network, default mode network, and hippocampus were strongly impacted by scrambling, indicating that they integrate tonal structure over relatively long timescales. Additionally, the emergence of functionally connected sub-networks between auditory, visual, motor, and default mode network regions across scramble levels supported this hierarchical integration process. Our results cannot be explained by lower-level cues (tempo, timbre, dynamics; local pitch height or rhythmic density) and instead reflect processing of high-level tonal structure. Our study highlights novel mechanisms of complex auditory-motor action planning during live music performance.
128h agoSensory abnormalities are core features of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Although interneuron dysfunction is hypothesized to contribute to these deficits, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 dysregulation in parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons drives heightened tactile exploration and defensiveness. These behavioural changes coincide with whisker-evoked cortical responses characterized by increased power but degraded temporal precision. Excitatory inputs to PV cells, their intrinsic excitability and in vivo firing rate during tactile exploration are reduced, suggesting that mutant PV cells are hypoactive. Whisker trimming restricted to the third postnatal week prevented mTORC1 hyperactivation, PV cell input and output connectivity deficits as well as abnormal tactile cortical responses and behaviour in adult mutant mice. Further, this manipulation rescued sociability deficits. Altogether, these data suggest that the interplay between mTORC1 signalling and sensory experience in PV cells regulates their connectivity, and contributes to the proper development of tactile and social behaviour.
128h agoSpatial navigation depends on integrating multiple cue sets whose influence is determined primarily by their inferred reliability. Here we investigated how cue weighting in the medial entorhinal cortex is updated based on previous experience at different time scales (minutes vs. days). In mice recorded in light and darkness while manipulating coherence between distal room cues and local arena cues, grid cells displayed stable firing fields in darkness only when prior light experience maintained coherent cue relationships. Grid activity remained anchored to local cues, and stability continuously increased by repeated exposure. In contrast, mice that experienced cue mismatch in light showed markedly reduced grid stability in darkness. Strikingly, re-establishing cue coherence produced only partial recovery, whereas a single exposure to cue mismatch abolished reliance on local cues. The reference frame shift at different time scales reflects a dynamic balance between flexibility and stability determined by a conservative cue weighting strategy.
128h agoSuper-Recognisers are known for their exceptional ability to encode and remember faces. Recent work has found robust neural codes for face identity in brain activity. Here we test whether the enhanced individuation of face identity in super-recogniser neural codes extends to exemplars from non-face categories. We recorded 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) as 22 Super-Recognisers and 20 typical recognisers viewed rapid, randomised sequences of faces, dogs, houses, and cars (10 different images of 10 different exemplars per category). Using a neural decoding approach, we found that Super-Recognisers neural responses contained stronger and more temporally sustained information discriminating individual face identities. Moreover, Super-Recognisers displayed increased inter-individual consistency in the organisation of their face-identity representations, suggesting a more stable and/or canonical representational structure in individuals with superior face recognition abilities. Crucially, there was no evidence to suggest that these encoding advantages generalised to non-face categories: neural discrimination of individual dogs, cars, and houses was comparable across groups, and group-differences in inter-subject consistency were evident only for faces. Together, these findings suggest that enhanced perceptual encoding underlying exceptional face recognition is highly category-specific, supporting the view that expertise in this group reflects specialised mechanisms for processing facial identity rather than broadly enhanced visual discrimination capacities.
128h agoReinforcement learning is a key means by which animals learn appropriate actions in a given context. A large body of work suggests that such learning depends on interactions between cortico-basal ganglia circuits and the midbrain dopaminergic system, yet the underlying circuit mechanisms and plasticity rules are not fully understood. Here we present a biologically plausible, multi-region neural circuit model of songbird vocal learning and map it onto the actor-critic framework of reinforcement learning. In this model, stochastic spiking activity in the cortico-basal ganglia pathway implements action selection and drives behavioral exploration, while the pathways driving midbrain dopaminergic signaling evaluate behavioral outcomes and support a reward prediction error based learning rule that approximates stochastic gradient ascent. The model achieves millisecond-scale precise learning that matches observed behavior. We further use the model to examine two fundamental constraints on biological reinforcement learning. First, dopaminergic reinforcement signals are temporally imprecise, which can cause interference between neurons controlling actions that occur close in time. Second, dopaminergic signals are spatially imprecise, which can cause interference between neurons controlling different aspects of behavior but receiving a common reinforcement signal. By jointly modeling the actor and critic components of the circuit, we show that fast updating of reward prediction is crucial for precise and efficient learning under both forms of interference, and the model predicts the experimentally observed timescale of reward prediction updating. These results suggest a circuit-level mechanism by which biological systems achieve reinforcement learning despite the temporal and spatial limitations of global neuromodulatory signals.
128h agoCovert spatial attention selects and prioritizes relevant sensory information. Endogenous attention is voluntary, goal-driven, and flexible. However, it cannot alleviate visual polar-angle asymmetries, specifically, the horizontal-vertical anisotropy and the vertical meridian asymmetry. Visual perception is affected by both current sensory inputs and contextual information over time and space, such as the perception of preceding trials. Previous studies reported sequential effects whereby attention interacts with response repetitions. But it is unknown whether and how endogenous attention modulation on performance varies as a function of target location and trial history. Here, we reanalyzed data from three published studies of endogenous attention in orientation discrimination tasks, to (1) assess the typical sequential effects on response, in which response to the current trial is biased toward the previous one, and (2) examine if sequential effects would modulate the performance across locations, across four dimensions: (1) location, (2) feature, (3) attention repetition condition, and (4) the correctness of the preceding (n-1) trial. First, we demonstrated typical sequential effects of response repetition to the repeated location and feature aspects of the target. Second, we found a robust effect of attention on performance, but the results did not reveal evidence of sequential attention effects as a function of the four dimensions in any of the three studies. Moreover, there were no interactions between attention and location when considering trial history. Together, these findings provide compelling evidence that visual polar-angle asymmetries are resistant to endogenous attention, and that even top-down factors-sequential effects-do not alleviate these asymmetries in performance.
128h agoUnderstanding brain disease requires studying the specific cell types that drive each condition: microglia in Alzheimer's, dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's, motor neurons in ALS, and many others. For most of these rare populations, protocols to isolate them from human post-mortem brain at the required purity have never been developed. The shared hurdles are reliable nuclear markers, compatible fluorescent dyes, antibody host-species cross-reactivity, and achieving pure rather than merely enriched populations. Here we present a generalisable roadmap for developing fluorescence-activated nuclear sorting (FANS) protocols for rare cell populations in human brain. We demonstrate it on microglia, reaching 100% purity in cortex and 98% in cerebellum, with the cortex sort simultaneously yielding astrocytes at 93% purity. The roadmap tackles each hurdle including an on-bench antibody labelling step that expands fluorescence channels without cross-reactivity problem and an affordable single-nucleus RNA-seq validation workflow, giving labs a pathway for enriching any rare cell type reliably.
128h agoAttentional control requires the fine-tuned interaction of attentional networks supporting alertness, orienting and higher-level executive control. This study examined the interaction of executive attention, comprising inhibition, and involuntary orienting towards unexpected deviant sounds in children (6-8-years, N=30), adolescents (10-12-years, N=39) and adults (18-34-years, N=35). An auditory equiprobable Go/Nogo-Oddball paradigm was employed to investigate executive (Go/Nogo) and involuntary (Oddball) attention and their interaction. Event-related potentials (ERP) in the EEG, pupil dilation and behavioral data were analyzed using Bayesian statistics. Deviant sounds evoked an involuntary attentional orienting reflected by the ERP component P3a and decreased performance in all age groups. The distraction effect diminished with age. Pupil dilation in response to deviant and target sounds were modulated by involuntary and executive attention but showed no interaction. In the EEG, frontal Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 effects, which reflect response inhibition, appeared in standard trials but not in deviant trials. This interaction suggests that response inhibition is reduced by involuntary attention orienting. While all age groups showed similar amplitudes of the Nogo-N2 effect, the subsequent Nogo-P3 effect, which has been associated to motor inhibition, was absent in the 6-8-year-olds. Age differences observed in latencies of the Nogo-N2 effect but not in the latencies of the Nogo-P3 effect (between adolescents and adults) indicate distinct developmental trajectories of the response inhibition mechanisms underlying the Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 effects throughout childhood and adolescence. The present data provide novel insights into the interaction between executive and orienting attention networks in the auditory modality during development.
128h agoEach day we make dozens of decisions about food. These choices are informed not only by information that we receive from our senses, but also by our memories, values, cultural norms, and goals. Evidence accumulation models have been proposed to explain how we transform these disparate sources of information into dietary choices and their corresponding motor actions. These models describe decisions arising from a noisy integration of decisional evidence until a criterion is reached. We investigated whether the centroparietal positivity (CPP), an event-related potential component proposed as a neural correlate of evidence accumulation during perceptual judgements, also traces accumulation trajectories during dietary decisions. Participants (N = 110) made speeded Yes/No judgements about food images relating to three attributes (healthiness, tastiness, and willingness to eat) while electroencephalography was recorded. They subsequently provided continuous ratings for each attribute. After applying signal deconvolution techniques, CPP waveforms exhibited a close correspondence to hypothesised evidence accumulation trajectories, showing steeper amplitude build-up rates for both faster decisions and continuous ratings more strongly in favour of one's categorical choice. Our findings provide clear support for a neurally instantiated evidence accumulation process that integrates multiple sources of information to produce dietary decisions.
128h agoarXiv:2607.19681v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The visually perceived vertical is biased by the orientation content of the visual field. Li and Matin (2005a, 2005b) reported three regularities of this induced vertical (VPV): a roll-tilted peripheral line shifts it about linearly with orientation; two lines combine about linearly; and symmetric tilts cancel. We show all three follow from one principle. The induced vertical is half the argument of the first circular moment of stimulus orientation in the doubled-angle domain, $\phi=\frac{1}{2}\arg c_1$ with $c_1=\sum_j A_j e^{i2\gamma_j}$ (each line counted at twice its angle). Equivalently it is the principal axis of the orientation structure tensor, or an orientation population vector; we call it the orientation order-parameter model (PLUMB). The angle-doubling is forced: orientation is a director ($\theta\equiv\theta+\pi$), so a circular-mean readout must be the doubled-angle one, and linear tracking, combination, and cancellation are signatures of any such readout, not separate findings. Li and Matin's 2-, 3-, and 4-line combination coefficients are then closely matched with no per-configuration free parameters in the angles; the magnitudes come from one mass-action length function (their Fig. 5, three constants). The data refute complete summation but do not separate the model from simple averaging for long lines; the decisive parameter-free tests are the short-line regime and a $|\cos 2\theta|$ strength law with a null at $45^\circ$. Read as a sum and a difference across the two hemifields, the same order parameter yields perceived vertical and eye level, recovering the reversed rules of Shavit, Li and Matin (2013); their 30-observer trial data confirm the predicted sub-additive cross-field combination. The account is stimulus-side and image-computable, linking induced vertical and eye level to classical image-orientation descriptors.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20306v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work established that under active inference, linear-Gaussian state-space models lose their epistemic drive (any incentive to act so as to gain information) "under any circumstances". The epistemic term of the Expected Free Energy becomes constant: the agent flattens to a Kalman filter whose gain sequence is fixed in advance, regardless of action. The minimal departure that restores the drive is unknown; the only established route is control entering the dynamics multiplicatively; the observation side of this boundary is unexplored. We show that state-dependent observation noise is such a departure: a covariance R(x) that varies with the state x, representing a sensor's accuracy degrading with range. The agent runs the standard first-order Gaussian filter of this literature, R evaluated at the predicted mean. Coupling R(x) to a controllable latent mean makes the posterior covariance, and hence the effective Kalman gain, depend on the action. Consequently, no fixed linear-Gaussian filter reproduces the agent and, under a mild rank condition on the observation map and a non-degeneracy condition on R(x), epistemic value is no longer constant; for scalar observations, reachable non-constancy alone is needed. This is a minimal constructive instance of the Bar-Shalom-Tse dual effect in the agent's maintained covariance: actions now influence the quality of future estimates, not merely the state. Our library cpomdp detects the incompatibility from model specification alone and raises a typed IncompatibleLinearizationError. The theorem ships with an executable witness: exhibiting any fixed filter that reproduced the agent's beliefs would refute both theorem and witness at once. Together this offers a precise, observation-side characterisation of curiosity in a Gaussian agent, bridging dual control and active inference.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20307v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent works have highlighted the use of dual nostril 'stereo' olfaction by a variety of animals. In this work we perform "back of the envelope" calculations to determine when stereo olfaction is useful compared to single nostril 'mono' olfaction. We find that stereo olfaction is advantageous when there are large relative changes in the odour concentration, and when the spatial length scales of correlations in air are large, such as in the boundary layer near surfaces. In other words, stereo olfaction is useful when animals are searching surfaces for olfactory edges, such as when tracking odour trails.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20310v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Subjective experience is central to psychological science, yet methods for studying it force a choice between depth and scale. Classical Experience sampling, as in ecological momentary assessments (EMA), captures experience as it occurs, but it confines participants to predetermined response formats that prescribe how experience is measured. Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) instead investigates specific moments in depth through expert expositional interviews, but its reliance on scarce trained interviewers keeps samples small. Large language model (LLM) systems can scale qualitative interviewing. Some models operationalize established interviewing methods such as motivational interviewing, yet none is grounded in a method for apprehending inner experience. Here we present an AI interviewer that aspires to operationalize DES into an explicit, inspectable reasoning architecture. At each turn it appraises the participant's message across eleven quality dimensions, maintains a conservative account of what has been established, selects a stage-appropriate intervention, and composes a single non-leading query, always holding that temporal grounding precedes experiential content. It was derived from the full corpus of DES transcripts and refined with the method's originator Russell T. Hurlburt. To our knowledge it is the first AI interviewer grounded in an established method for studying inner experience. The interviewer runs inside Introscope, an application that delivers the beeps and conducts the interviews and a study platform that lets researchers run studies via shareable links and review the sampled experience. It is demonstrated in an accompanying video https://introscope.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/video. Pending validation studies, we will make it freely available to researchers and the public, for crowdsourced sampling and individual exploration of inner experience.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19973v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI researchers describe state-of-the-art models as one thing repeated at scale: the Transformer, wired identically for text, pixels, or speech. Neuroscientists describe the cortex as a mosaic - dense Layer 4 in visual cortex for spatial encoding, thick Layers 5/6 in motion cortex for temporal integration - different jobs solved by different structures. This paper argues the gap is a structural error, not a stylistic one, and is measurable. A century of cytoarchitecture, from Brodmann to single-cell Patch-seq, shows distinct cognitive functions are implemented by qualitatively different structures, not by rescaling one template. The convolutional neural network is the field's own proof: local receptive fields and hierarchical depth encoded this prior directly, reaching strong image recognition on far less data than later architectures needed. The paper traces how this lesson was discarded: the "Hardware Lottery" made the Transformer the path of least resistance, not the principled choice, and Mixture-of-Experts, often cited as diversity, in fact partitions parameters among identical experts. A functionalist analysis shows the Transformer is best understood as a functional analog of the hippocampal formation, not a general-purpose cortex - the same mistake as treating cortex as one giant Broca's area, except the field has now standardized on a giant hippocampus, applied to tasks it was never built for: audition, executive gating, working memory. The paper closes with an alternative: a Heterogeneous Topological Network, a System of Systems in which distinct modules keep the inductive bias their computation demands and communicate through standardized interfaces. This is a design discipline for AI architects, not cognitive science: specify modularity before training, using structural evidence as a design input rather than reverse-engineering architecture from a trained model's behavior.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20382v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical biomarker workflows in translational research settings often rely on spreadsheet-driven tracking, manual quality control (QC) reconciliation, and loosely integrated systems, resulting in limited state visibility, delayed reporting, and increased operational risk. These challenges are particularly pronounced in multi-day assays such as Luminex-based quantification of Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), where HIPAA-compliant data governance, deterministic workflow progression, and coordinated communication across laboratory and clinical teams are required. This paper presents FMRP-LEAN, a HIPAA-compliant, AI-augmented Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) architecture that formalizes biospecimen lifecycle management through a finite-state workflow model with explicit transition guards and dwell-time observability. The system integrates a self-hosted Supabase/PostgreSQL stack deployed within hospital-controlled infrastructure, hybrid edge-internal isolation with encrypted tunneling and loopback-only services, and bi-directional REDCap synchronization. A unified MRN-UUIDv7 identifier framework with QR-based tracking ensures traceable clinical-research linkage under PHI residency constraints. FMRP-LEAN incorporates automated statistical QC pre-screening and a governance-constrained AI operations module that operates exclusively on aggregate projections, with deterministic fallback guarantees. Deployment demonstrates improved workflow observability, reduced QC latency, and enhanced cross-role transparency between laboratory technicians, research coordinators, and patient-facing teams. The architecture provides a reproducible model for secure, state-explicit, and AI-augmented clinical research workflows in regulated healthcare environments.
132h agoarXiv:2511.04539v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In network neuroscience, functional brain systems are often characterized using separate yet related graph-theoretic or spectral descriptors, overlooking how these properties covary and partially overlap across individuals and conditions. We anticipate that dense, weighted functional connectivity graphs lie on a low-dimensional latent geometry along which both topological and spectral structures vary smoothly at the population level. Although graph-based deep learning offers a powerful framework for modeling these brain connectomes, supervised approaches are constrained by the limited availability of labeled data. Existing unsupervised graph representation methods also typically focus on node-level embeddings, which are limited in capturing compact graph-level representations that preserve information from dense functional connectomes. To address these gaps, we learn compact brain graph representations using a graph transformer autoencoder, where domain-specific, aligned functional gradient geometry provides an inductive bias to guide learning. Despite being trained in a fully unsupervised manner, our approach meaningfully separates cognitive states and enables decoding of visual stimuli, with performance further improved by incorporating neural dynamics. In parallel, to enable generation of synthetic brain graphs, we fit a diffusion model to the learned latent representation and decode samples back to dense connectomes.
132h agoarXiv:2606.25826v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Complex systems, from gene regulatory networks to neural circuits and ecological food webs, exhibit rich functional behaviour that topology alone does not capture. Yet functional complexity remains difficult to quantify independently of structural organisation. Here we introduce a thermodynamic framework in which functional complexity is characterised through the hierarchical organisation of functional memory, quantifying how the influence of past interactions is distributed and progressively compressed across scales. Across thirty-four empirical networks spanning biological, ecological, social, technological, and biophysical systems and several orders of magnitude in size and density, real interaction strengths organise functional memory at greater hierarchical depth than random weight assignment on the same topology in every domain studied. The framework further reveals that functional memory occupies a remarkably low-dimensional space, collapsing onto four recurrent dynamical organisations. Comparisons with null models that selectively perturb weighted transport geometry, mesoscale wiring, and directionality show that these structural ingredients play distinct roles: weighted transport geometry systematically governs memory depth, whereas mesoscale wiring organises memory across scales and directionality modulates the response of the cascade to structural perturbation. The same comparisons provide an operational criterion for determining whether network weights encode functionally meaningful structure beyond topology. These results establish weighted transport geometry as a primary organiser of functional memory and provide a quantitative framework for studying functional complexity in directed weighted networks.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19649v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We establish the global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the reverse space-time nonlocal Fokas-Lenells equation with the weighted Sobolev initial data $q_0(x)\in H^{3}(\mathbb{R}) \cap H^{2,1}(\mathbb{R})$ on the line. We develop the inverse scattering transform formulated via the associated Riemann-Hilbert problems to study this issue. A spectral uniformization transform is introduced to resolve the singular behavior inherent in the KN-type negative flow spectral problem. Owing to the reverse space-time reduction, reflection coefficients no longer satisfy the usual Hermitian conjugation symmetry, and the coercivity of the jump matrix is therefore not available a priori. The quantitative smallness condition on the initial data yields uniform bounds on the reflection coefficients and ensures the uniform positive definiteness of the Hermitian part of the associated jump matrix. The resulting coercivity allows us to establish the bounded invertibility of the associated singular integral operator through a Fredholm and vanishing-lemma argument. Under this condition, we prove an $L^{2}$-Sobolev bijective correspondence between the potential and scattering data, exclude spectral singularities on continuous spectra, and obtain the global existence and uniqueness of solutions. Moreover, the associated solution map is Lipschitz continuous on the admissible initial-data class.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19980v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We discuss how to generalize the Ehrenfest theorem for the computation of the width of nonlinear waves obeying the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. To do that, we model the nonlinear potential as a quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO) whose strength depends on the power and on the wavefunction width. We apply the model to different types of nonlinear responses, eventually comparing the results with numerical simulations. Our model has the advantage of explaining the main properties of nonlinear confined waves, such as stability and breathing, in a relatively simple and intuitive manner.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20109v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The KP equation is a prototypical $(2+1)$-dimensional integrable PDE. Its soliton solutions are famously parametrized by the Sato Grassmannian. In seminal work, Kodama and Williams made the surprising discovery that the combinatorics of soliton solutions are intimately related to the combinatorics of the totally positive Grassmannian as pioneered by Postnikov. They introduced novel algorithmic methods inspired by polyhedral structures arising from tropical geometry. Soliton solutions to the 2D Toda lattice and the Davey--Stewartson equation, two closely related integrable systems with soliton solutions, are also classified by the Sato Grassmannian. Kodama suggested that the methods of his work with Williams could generalize to these two integrable equations. In this work, we show that this is indeed the case. We derive algorithms to produce contour plots from elements in the totally nonnegative Grassmannian in both cases. In the asymptotic setting, we recover and refine previous work of Biondini and Wang; as well as Biondini, Kireyev and Maruno.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19413v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present various discretisation techniques that mark a departure from the classical algorithms of numerical analysis, in the aim of preserving the physical behaviour of the solutions to the differential systems we are discretising, even for discretisation steps that are not very small. These techniques are inspired by the principles laid down by Mickens and are close to those proposed by Hirota and Kahan. Detailed applications of these methods are presented for the logistic equation and for the Lotka-Volterra system. We discuss the importance of preserving positivity whenever the latter is an expected property of the solution and give a practical rule for achieving this. Possible problems arising from the discretisations we propose are also discussed. A section is devoted to discretisations of integrable systems aimed at preserving integrability. Finally we conclude this review with a discussion of the possible relevance of a discrete space-time.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19477v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Quantum resonance arising whenever the ratio of the intrinsic system frequency to the driving frequency becomes a rational number has been demonstrated to generate super-linear entanglement, enhance transport, quantum metrology performance and communication. Here, we demonstrate that quantum resonance can also serve as a powerful resource for quantum batteries. We model the batteries as free rotors charged via a kicked protocol. When the individual batteries are at resonance, we show both analytically and numerically that charging power increases linearly with time while efficiency (defined as the fraction of stored energy that can be extracted) remains near unity despite strong entanglement generation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this enhanced performance persists at higher-order resonances. Demonstrating the universality of this mechanism, we show that similar enhancements arise in the interacting kicked top model, and briefly note the feasibility of its experimental realization. In a broader context, resonant charging holds significant implications for energy storage, quantum computational resources, and quantum thermodynamics.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19594v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Subterranean and mound-building termites excavate, transport, and build within the same granular substrate that later regulates how they sense, move, and deposit material. From antennal-scale contacts through body-scale traffic to meter-scale architecture, this review synthesizes three linked problems: how workers sense local geometry and physical cues during search and excavation; how traffic moves through narrow, evolving conduits; and how excavation and deposition remodel the substrate that guides later behavior. Across these length scales, noisy local interactions couple sensing, transport, and construction through a shared material medium, leading to emergent order at the colony scale. We emphasize what is established experimentally, where evidence remains sparse or limited to a few model systems, and how emerging imaging, tracking, and modeling tools are making these feedbacks quantitatively accessible. We use this synthesis to motivate a quantitative physics-of-life framework for termite colonies that continually rewrite the medium through which they sense, move, and build.
132h agoarXiv:2607.19638v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large-scale AI training turns computing facilities into multi-megawatt loads whose power draw is periodic: tens of thousands of accelerators step in lockstep between compute-bound phases near peak power and communication-bound phases where they idle. Prior work treats each facility as an exogenous periodic forcing on the grid. We pose the operator's question instead: when many independent training jobs share one oversubscribed power envelope, do their cycles stay independent, so aggregate fluctuation grows as the square root of the number of jobs, or can the power-management stack phase-lock them into linear growth? This is emergent synchronization in a population of nonlinear oscillators - the Kuramoto setting - but classical coupling is absent, since accelerator clocks are decoupled from line frequency. We identify the coupling channel in load-dependent throttling: caps, voltage droop, and shared cooling slow computation exactly when aggregate demand is high. Formalizing the fleet as a generalized Kuramoto system, we obtain three operator-facing statements. Dimension: the coupling is repulsive to leading order and turns attractive only when the control loop's phase lag exceeds half a cycle; protection is mode-selective, so rate diversity is required. Detect: frequency-correlated frustration makes the onset first-order and hysteretic. Mitigate: phase-scattering scheduling raises every mode threshold at once. The prediction is falsifiable by a two-job co-capped measurement, which we specify.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20095v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Political corruption is often interpreted as the result of individual misconduct or isolated institutional failures. However, persistent corruption patterns observed in real-world political systems suggest that systemic corruption may instead emerge as a self-sustaining governance arrangement supported by reinforcing interaction structures. In this work, we introduce a minimal compartmental model for the dynamics of systemic political corruption and the formation of corruption-supporting relational structures. The concentration of political power is treated as an emergent macroscopic observable arising from these coupled dynamics. Despite its simplicity and mean-field character, the model exhibits a nontrivial phase transition separating regimes of low corruption from structurally captured states sustained by self-reinforcing interaction mechanisms. The model predicts that, above a critical interaction strength, the captured state becomes dynamically stable, with small perturbations of the macroscopic variables naturally relaxing back to the stationary state. We argue that this mechanism provides a possible explanation for the persistence of corruption across successive electoral cycles and institutional crises. In particular, the political dynamics observed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, provide a qualitative illustrative example of several mechanisms discussed by the proposed framework rather than a quantitative application of the model. More broadly, the results suggest that long-term political capture may emerge spontaneously from reinforcing interactions between systemic corruption and the relational structures that sustain it, without requiring centralized coordination or complex strategic behavior.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20106v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the Hamiltonian structure of the Flaschka-Newell Painlev\'{e} II hierarchy via symmetry reduction of the associated space of meromorphic connections. Building on the realization of this hierarchy as a reduction of the Painlev\'{e} IV hierarchy via a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry, we construct a set of Darboux coordinates adapted to the involution. After a suitable change of trivialization, the symmetry acts diagonally in these coordinates, allowing the fixed-point locus to be explicitly described as a symplectic submanifold. This enables us to derive the reduced Hamiltonians after symmetry, thereby obtaining explicit expressions for the Hamiltonians and the Lax matrices of the Flaschka-Newell Painlev\'{e} II hierarchy. This strategy also illustrates how symmetry-adapted canonical Darboux coordinates enable explicit reductions of isomonodromic systems at the level of their underlying symplectic geometry.
132h agoarXiv:2606.16205v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This is a partial review of the bilinear method, focusing on the integrability based on the 3-soliton-solution condition and the transformations between $\tau$ functions. \textit{Dedicated to Jarmo Hietarinta's 80th birthday}.
132h agoarXiv:2307.03831v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The theory of Lie bialgebras and the classical Yang-Baxter equation plays a major role in the study of 1+1d integrable systems; many families of integrable systems can be recovered from a Lax pair which is constructed from a Lie bialgebra. A categorified, higher homotopy notion of Lie algebras has been studied, which gave rise to the notion of (strict) Lie 2-bialgebras (Lie algebra crossed-modules) and the 2-graded Yang-Baxter equations. In this paper, we use these differential graded structures to generalize the construction of a Lax pair and introduce an appropriate notion of higher-dimensional integrability. Within this framework, we introduce a higher derived version of the affine Kac-Moody algebra, which underpins the 2-graded Lax integrability that we have developed here as a zero 2-curvature condition. As an explicit demonstration, we will consider a 3d field theory and show that it (i) is 2-graded Lax integrable and (ii) hosts symmetries governed by a Kac-Moody 2-algebra.
132h agoarXiv:2603.19509v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Linear response theory aims to predict how an additional forcing alters the statistical properties of a reference system. Such questions have been studied predominantly for autonomous dynamical systems, although many systems in the physical, natural, and social sciences are inherently nonautonomous and evolve under time-dependent external forcings. In this setting, one would like to understand how the system's time-dependent statistical properties change when an additional infinitesimal forcing is applied. Despite its practical relevance, this question has received a rigorous mathematical treatment only for a limited number of systems and perturbations. We develop a rigorous linear response theory for a broad class of deterministic and random nonautonomous systems under uniform assumptions extending those commonly used in the autonomous setting. A central ingredient is rapid loss of memory, namely sufficiently fast forgetting of initial conditions along the nonautonomous evolution. Our main strategy is to reformulate the sequential dynamics as a fixed-point problem for a global transfer operator acting on a sequence space of measures. This yields explicit causal response formulas for predicting the effect of small perturbations on time-dependent statistical states. We illustrate the theory for sequential compositions of expanding maps and for sequential compositions of random maps with additive noise, where uniform positivity of the noise implies exponential loss of memory. We also prove linear response for compact reflected Euler-Maruyama discretizations of dissipative nonautonomous stochastic differential equations. Finally, we apply the framework to a finite-dimensional stochastic discretization of the Ghil-Sellers energy balance model and study its response to a time-dependent perturbation of the greenhouse parameter.
132h agoarXiv:2605.27606v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We develop and test a Lagrangian methodology for extracting finite-cloud geometry and reduced dynamics from particle trajectories. A cloud in a rough, incompressible, two-dimensional synthetic flow is represented by a mass/gyration ellipse describing the particle-weighted bulk and a minimum-area enclosing ellipse describing the outer envelope and its supporting particles. The homogeneous Gaussian--H"older velocity has finite Ornstein--Uhlenbeck memory, and the moving centroid is followed explicitly. The principal finding is unexpected: despite continual deformation by a non-smooth velocity field, the normalized aspect ratios of both ellipses reach broad, order-one distributions that are approximately stationary when conditioned on cloud scale. The mass ellipse is more elongated, whereas the enclosing ellipse spans a larger radial envelope and has the more scale-stable conditional shape distribution. To understand this saturation, we compare two finite-cloud descriptions of the velocity gradient. A gradient averaged over the enclosing ellipse predicts more aligned stretching than the particles experience. The resulting gradient correction supplies most of the negative contribution offsetting aligned stretching, while a smaller correction is specific to representing the evolving outer cloud by an enclosing ellipse. Finally, we demonstrate a data-to-model workflow. The measured time series is transformed to intrinsic variables, a constrained hierarchy of finite-lag stochastic models is fitted, and the models are compared on held-out realizations. The fitted coefficients and equations are specific to this synthetic experiment. The transferable contribution is the methodology: paired cloud geometries, finite-cloud coarse graining, intrinsic variables, transparent correction decomposition, and held-out validation for future simulations and experiments.
132h agoarXiv:2607.06062v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: When driven out of equilibrium, a Bose-Einstein condensate develops nonlinearly interacting density waves that trigger a turbulent cascade, transferring energy toward small scales. In this Letter, we investigate the nonstationary evolution of solutions to the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). Through numerical simulations of both the GPE and the corresponding Wave Kinetic Equation (WKE), we identify self-similar solutions relevant to turbulence in atomic and polariton Bose-Einstein Condensates. These solutions correspond to a new type of non-thermal fixed point and exhibit characteristics of both first and second kind self-similarity. In particular, we show that the dynamics of the propagating front is universal, governed by a dimensionless universal constant $\beta$, which we determine numerically.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20036v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We show that a small fraction of antiferromagnetic bonds qualitatively alters the long-wavelength dynamics of two-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnets. Although the classical ground state remains magnetized, weak bond frustration generates logarithmically correlated spatial fluctuations of the local spin stiffness, despite the microscopic disorder being short ranged. A replica field theory calculation shows that the effective disorder strength grows under coarse graining, while the spin stiffness decreases, yielding anomalously soft magnons with a scale-dependent dynamical exponent $z > 2$. Numerical diagonalization of the semiclassical spin-wave Hamiltonian confirms the anomalous low-energy scaling. The flow is toward an infinite-disorder, zero stiffness regime.
132h agoarXiv:2607.20243v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We critically assess the performance of an autoregressive generative neural network model by applying it to an antiferromagnetic Ising model on a random regular graph. We train the network on equilibrium configurations in the low-temperature spin-glass phase of the model and perform Monte Carlo simulations using spin configurations generated by the network. The relaxation time of the Monte Carlo simulations drastically decreases with increasing the size of the training dataset and converges to an optimal value. The dynamical exponent characterizing the growth of the optimal relaxation time as a function of the system size is slightly reduced compared to the local Monte Carlo dynamics. However, we find that the size of the training dataset to achieve the optimal performance grows much faster with the system size than the relaxation time, implying that the total training cost eventually hinders a practical use of the method at large system sizes.
132h agoarXiv:2601.07635v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The Hopfield model, originally inspired by spin glasses, occupies a central place at the intersection of statistical mechanics, neural networks, and artificial intelligence. Despite its conceptual simplicity and broad applicability, it is rarely integrated into the undergraduate physics curriculum. We present the Hopfield model as a pedagogically rich framework that naturally unifies core topics from the undergraduate physics curriculum and that provides a concise introduction based on concepts such as a model's energy function, dynamics, and pattern stability. We discuss practical aspects of its simulation and provide simulation codes. We also propose problems designed to mirror research practice, which can be included in undergraduate classes.
132h agoarXiv:2606.25826v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Complex systems, from gene regulatory networks to neural circuits and ecological food webs, exhibit rich functional behaviour that topology alone does not capture. Yet functional complexity remains difficult to quantify independently of structural organisation. Here we introduce a thermodynamic framework in which functional complexity is characterised through the hierarchical organisation of functional memory, quantifying how the influence of past interactions is distributed and progressively compressed across scales. Across thirty-four empirical networks spanning biological, ecological, social, technological, and biophysical systems and several orders of magnitude in size and density, real interaction strengths organise functional memory at greater hierarchical depth than random weight assignment on the same topology in every domain studied. The framework further reveals that functional memory occupies a remarkably low-dimensional space, collapsing onto four recurrent dynamical organisations. Comparisons with null models that selectively perturb weighted transport geometry, mesoscale wiring, and directionality show that these structural ingredients play distinct roles: weighted transport geometry systematically governs memory depth, whereas mesoscale wiring organises memory across scales and directionality modulates the response of the cascade to structural perturbation. The same comparisons provide an operational criterion for determining whether network weights encode functionally meaningful structure beyond topology. These results establish weighted transport geometry as a primary organiser of functional memory and provide a quantitative framework for studying functional complexity in directed weighted networks.
132h agoarXiv:2602.17208v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Correlated disorder is known to shape light scattering in ways uncorrelated disorder cannot, from hyperuniform transparency to the structural colors of naturally occurring structures. What has been missing in photonics is a direct link between the disorder and the scattering pattern it produces. Here we show that adding correlated noise to a periodic array splits the scattering pattern into three distinct components: diffraction peaks, a diffuse background, and correlation halos. Often mistaken for broadened diffraction peaks, these halos are in fact independent features: their positions are set by the correlation range, meaning that they can appear between Bragg peaks, and - crucially - they persist far beyond the regime where the diffraction peaks vanish. Shaping the disorder itself offers further control: tuning the noise distribution suppresses selected diffraction peaks, while tuning the correlation statistics moves the halos away from the Bragg positions. This approach reproduces the scattering signatures of natural photonic structures, such as Morpho butterfly wings, and reveals multiple pathways from order to disorder, each with distinct optical properties. It also offers a practical route to inverse design - finding the disorder that produces a desired scattering pattern. This establishes scattering as a designable quantity, expanding the toolkit for metasurfaces and structural colors.
132h agoarXiv:2605.12127v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A glass is conventionally obtained by cooling a bulk supercooled liquid through its glass transition temperature. The discovery of ultrastable glasses prepared using physical vapor deposition, together with the recent multiplication of numerical algorithms created to increase the stability of glasses, demonstrates the existence of a variety of strategies for designing glasses with different physical properties. This raises a broader question: which parameters most strongly govern the enhancement of glass stability? Existing computational strategies often produce highly stable glasses by optimizing certain physical properties through dynamical changes in particle diameters. We challenge the idea that these physical quantities are causally responsible for glass stability and suggest instead that diameter dynamics is the principal source of enhanced stability. To support our view, we introduce computational methods to optimize physical quantities without changing the particle diameters. Using the examples of enhanced hyperuniformity at large scale and local ordering at small scale, we design glass configurations with highly optimized values compared to bulk equilibrium states. However, these glasses do not show enhanced stability. The proposed physical quantities are correlated with glass stability, but are not causally responsible for ultrastability. These findings indicate that design rules for stable glasses should be reinterpreted in terms of the dynamical processes that generate stability, rather than the optimized physical quantities they target.
132h agoarXiv:2606.09566v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Measured specific heats often exceed Debye's T^3-law, even in high-purity single crystals. Analogous excess energy fluctuations are found in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of crystals with no defects. Here, a theory is developed for the fluctuations based on rapid modulation of the ground-state energy due to the motion of next-nearest-neighbor atoms. Crucially, the modulations must be adiabatic, with time- and phase-averaging before thermal averaging, consistent with evidence from the simulations and multiple experimental techniques showing that localized excitations are decoupled from the heat bath. Emergent nonextensivity is interpreted by analogy with anomalous diffusion. The theory modifies the standard relation between energy fluctuations and specific heat, giving good agreement with the simulations and new insight into many measurements. The theory may also provide a basis for understanding excess specific heat in amorphous materials and anomalous noise in quantum devices.
132h agoLimb-trunk coordination plays an essential role in daily actions. The reticulospinal excitability of limb muscles has been suggested to be modulated by long-term motor experience, such as strength training. However, it remains unclear whether reticulospinal contributions in the limb and trunk muscles during limb-trunk coordinated movements are modulated by strength training. This study aimed to determine whether reticulospinal contributions to limb-trunk coordination differ between strength-trained and untrained individuals. Fifteen long-term ([≥]3 yrs) strength-trained and 15 untrained healthy men participated in this study. Participants performed a rapid bilateral arm-curl task while standing, using a load corresponding to 35% of their one-repetition maximum, in response to visual, visual-auditory (80 dB), or visual-startling (115 dB) stimuli. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the right biceps brachii (BB) and erector spinae (ES) muscles during the task. In the trained group, EMG onset of the ES was closer to that of the BB than in the untrained group, indicating tighter temporal coordination between the limb prime mover and trunk postural muscles in strength-trained individuals. In both groups, visual-startling stimuli shortened the EMG onset of both the BB and ES, suggesting reticulospinal contributions to both muscles. Notably, the reduction in EMG onset of the BB induced by the startling stimulus was smaller in the trained group than in the untrained group, whereas no difference between groups was observed for the ES. These findings suggest that long-term strength training may modify limb-trunk muscle coordination during standing arm curls and may be associated with muscle-specific adaptations in reticulospinal contributions.
132h agoFunctional asymmetry between the cerebral hemispheres is a defining feature of the sensorimotor system, with the dominant hemisphere playing a central role in motor control. Whether motor learning is similarly lateralized, however, remains unresolved. To tackle this question, we combined a comprehensive meta-analysis (114 datasets) with a series of well-powered, preregistered experiments (N = 526) to test two core behavioral predictions of hemispheric lateralization in sensorimotor adaptation, a canonical form of motor learning: (1) adaptation is preferentially expressed in the dominant hand and (2) transfers asymmetrically between limbs. Across both approaches, we found that adaptation and interlimb transfer were strikingly symmetric. Together, these findings support a fundamental dissociation in the neural organization of skilled behavior: whereas motor control is lateralized to the dominant hemisphere, motor learning is supported by a neural architecture that functions symmetrically.
132h agoSpike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and dopamine (DA) are fundamental to reward-based learning and memory formation. A widely used DA-modulated STDP model explains how neural networks associate stimuli with delayed dopaminergic rewards through an eligibility trace. However, we show that this model supports learning even at unrealistically high DA concentrations because DA simply scales the magnitude of STDP without changing its temporal profile. In contrast, experiments demonstrate that DA nonlinearly reshapes the STDP window, converting long-term depression (LTD) into long-term potentiation (LTP) at high DA levels. We therefore propose a DA-modulated STDP rule in which increasing DA progressively biases plasticity toward potentiation while receptor saturation limits further DA effects beyond a critical concentration. Simulations of recurrent networks of Izhikevich neurons show that the proposed rule supports robust conditioning only within a biologically realistic DA range (0.04~0.70 microM). Successful learning produces a hybrid network architecture consisting of a strong feedforward backbone embedded within recurrent circuitry and generates enhanced burst responses selectively to reward-associated stimuli. At the upper limit of the biologically plausible DA range, the network passes through a narrow bistable regime, converging to one of two distinct stable configurations. At higher DA concentrations, conditioning fails altogether. These results provide a biologically grounded model of DA-dependent plasticity and offer new insight into how abnormal dopamine signaling can impair learning in neurological disorders.
132h agoThe induction of Hebbian LTP can produce a persistent, heterosynaptic suppression of LTP induction at other synapses. This form of metaplasticity, originally formalized in the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) plasticity rule, generates competitive interactions between synapses and is thought to support sparse information encoding during memory formation. Importantly, although a non-Hebbian, burst-dependent form of synaptic plasticity known as behavioral timescale plasticity (BTSP) is essential for hippocampal memory encoding, little is known about the role of metaplasticity in BTSP. Thus, I examined whether the induction of BTSP at one set of synapses in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices alters plasticity at other synapses. I find that the induction of BTSP by EPSP-evoked complex-spike (CS) bursts triggers a robust, but transient, heterosynaptic depression of excitatory synaptic transmission. This depression is induced by postsynaptic CS bursts, requires activation of L-type Ca2+ channels, and is mediated by activation of A1-type adenosine receptors. Notably, the heterosynaptic depression triggered by the induction of BTSP generates a CS burst-dependent form of BCM-like metaplasticity that transiently suppresses the induction of BTSP at other synapses. Together, these results provide experimental support for computational predictions that burst-dependent forms of plasticity are constrained by a distinct, burst-dependent form of BCM metaplasticity, and identify a mechanism that may contribute to sparse memory encoding during BTSP induction.
132h agoIntroduction: Environmental factors are increasingly implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are anthropogenic toxicants added as flame retardants to consumer products that have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants and disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) and neuroendocrine systems. We have previously shown that developmental PBDE exposure produces ASD-like traits with involvement of oxytocin (OXT)-thyroid hormone signaling. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR), a widely used probiotic bacterium, has been shown to improve social functioning and increase TH and OXT levels in murine models. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that LR supplementation (LR) prevents PBDE-induced deficits in socioemotional behavior with concomitant modulation of TH signaling genes on hypothalamic OXT neurons. Methods: C57BL/6N mouse offspring were exposed to a commercial penta-mixture of PBDE congeners, DE-71, at an environmentally realistic concentration, 0.1 mg/kg/d (DE-71), or to corn oil vehicle (VEH/CON) via their mothers during gestation and lactation. Offspring received supplementation with LR ATCC PTA 6475 (107-108 CFU/mL, po) indirectly via the dam or continuation directly through adulthood. Unsupplemented controls were given saline. Results: Fecal microbiome analysis in offspring confirmed colonization of LR at postnatal day (P) 40 and depletion by P104. LR treatment increased plasma total thyroxine in DE-71 and plasma OXT in VEH/CON dams. In DE-71 offspring of both sexes, LR normalized deficient scores on social novelty preference and emotional recognition in adult females and males and deficient long-term social recognition memory (SRM) in adult DE-71 females; DE-71 males were normal. Reduced olfactory dishabituation between two social odors may partly explain the compromised socioemotional behavior produced by DE-71 in an LR-dependent manner. Multiplex RNA in situ hybridization performed on immunoreactive OXT-ergic neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) revealed significant upregulation of TH transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) and downregulation of iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (Dio3) in DE-71 relative to VEH/CON females. This toxicant-induced reprogramming was prevented by probiotic treatment. DE-71 males expressed reduction in Mct8 and Dio3 transcripts on OXT-ergic neurons with minimal LR protection. In the female supraoptic nucleus (SON), Mct8 and Dio3 were downregulated by DE-71 and normalized in DE-71+LR; there were no group effects on transcript levels in male SON. Results of fecal 16S rRNA sequencing indicated reduced -diversity and altered {beta}-diversity in the gut bacterial community of female but not male DE-71 exposed offspring; most changes were correctable by LR. Alterations in taxa-level abundance caused by DE-71 and reversed by LR were observed in both sexes. These involved Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Desulfovibrio, Oscillospira, and Peptococcaceae in females and Desulfovibrionaceae, Rikenella, and Turicibacter in males. Exposed dams showed no detriment in - and {beta}-diversity while showing reduced abundance of several Firmicutes and Proteobacteria taxa that could be rescued by LR. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was upregulated in DE-71 males and DE-71+LR males and dams. Conclusions: These results indicate that developmental probiotic supplementation effectively mitigated organohalogen-induced ASD-like deficits in socioemotional behavior and partially corrected dysbiosis of gut bacterial communities in exposed offspring of both sexes. Concomitantly, PBDEs altered the expression of TH regulatory genes Mct8 and Dio3 in PVH OXT neurons in a sex-dependent manner, suggesting that TH regulation of OXT neuroendocrine cells may modulate the emergence of toxicant-induced ASD-relevant behavior. While LR reinstated normal behavioral outcomes in PBDE-exposed offspring of both sexes, coincident normalization of hypothalamic TH signaling transcripts occurred more broadly in females, indicating the existence of unique parallel processes influencing the preventive effects of LR on ASD-relevant behavioral deficits in both sexes.
132h agoThe mechanisms of the spinal cord regeneration after complete spinal cord transection were investigated in spiny mice. In some animals, the appearance of quadrupedal overground stepping together with rewiring of the direct propriospinal projections between the cervical and lumbar enlargements was revealed. In others, no stepping recovery was detected, whereas numerous cells labeled by the neuronal proteins NeuN and {beta}III-tubulin were observed within the injury region. We suggest that depending on trauma severity, different repair mechanisms are elicited: only connectome restoration or both connectome restoration and the activation of neurogenesis. To confirm the high neurogenic potential of spiny mice, a primary culture of bone marrow was established. Unlike in other mammals, bone marrow pluripotent cells in the culture differentiated into neuronal cells without any chemical stimulation. These findings provide strong evidence for the high differentiation potential of spiny mouse stem cells toward neural lineages.
132h agoStatus epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening persistent epileptic seizure that can arise from various brain structures, leaving its brain circuit unknown. In this study, we utilize brain imaging changes during SE to reveal the brain architecture and circuit of persistent seizures. Multimodal lesion mapping identified that brain imaging changes during SE localize to a specific predisposed brain architecture characterized by increased metabolic rate, high synaptic and mitochondrial density, glutamate (mGLUR5 and NMDA) and GABA receptors. Gene expression patterns within lesion locations revealed a transcriptomic profile enriched for epilepsy pathologies (including SE), neuronal and synaptic processes, and glutamate signaling. Lesion network mapping demonstrated these same lesions map to a common brain circuit, unifying a traditionally heterogeneous patient population. Findings were validated in an independent cohort and the identified SE circuit distinguished brain imaging changes during SE from other lesion etiologies with excellent accuracy (91%), significantly outperforming all other tested maps. With this SE circuit, we identify therapeutic targets for precision therapy that could modulate this circuit. This study demonstrates brain imaging changes in SE converge on a unified brain circuit that could help diagnostic workup of patients in critical care and guide clinical trials of precision therapy for persistent seizures.
132h agoLarge-scale brain mapping increasingly relies on integrating histological imaging datasets within standardized anatomical reference frameworks. To accomplish this, registration techniques are used to align imaging datasets between different modalities or to reference atlases. Deep learning approaches have emerged a fast and scalable framework for approaching this challenge, but such methods typically require large annotated datasets that are unavailable in this setting. To address this, we developed a framework for training a convolutional neural network for this task using entirely simulated data. We show that the same approach can be used for different species (mouse and marmoset), and we provide accuracy validation in terms of Dice and Hausdorff distance between anatomical regions in comparison to an alternative method. This approach has the potential to accelerate large or high throughput studies of brain anatomy.
132h agoVisual discomfort (VD) is influenced by both spatial structure and chromatic context. Striped patterns are well-established triggers of discomfort and autonomic responses. In previous work, we showed that higher spatial frequencies and larger patterned areas elicit stronger pupillary constriction and greater discomfort, and that individuals with higher overall discomfort show shallower maximum constriction. The present study examined whether similar relationships appear when spatial structure is held constant, measured background luminance is kept within a narrow range, and the chromatic background varies. Participants viewed black horizontal stripes on 12 near-isoluminant colored backgrounds. The CIE76 color difference ({Delta}E) ranged from 36 to 112 and was indexed as the CIELAB distance from the black stripe pattern. Pupil size was continuously recorded and discomfort ratings were collected after each trial. Across the colored backgrounds, more uncomfortable stimuli evoked stronger pupil constriction, even though luminance was held nearly constant. As in our spatial-frequency study, this stimulus-level increase did not translate into stronger constriction among observers reporting higher overall discomfort: participants who rated the stimuli as more uncomfortable overall showed shallower constriction. This pattern was captured by the maximum-constriction response, which differentiated high- from low-discomfort observers and was significantly associated with individual discomfort ratings. Together with our previous findings, the results suggest that pupil responses scale along the tested stimulus axis, whereas individuals reporting greater visual discomfort exhibit less pronounced maximum constriction.
132h agoOlder adults show disproportionate impairments in associative memory relative to memory for individual items. Unitization, the process by which discrete elements are encoded as a single integrated representation, has been proposed to mitigate this deficit by reducing reliance on hippocampal binding and shifting processing toward perirhinal cortex-mediated item-based encoding. However, most prior work has not included a single item baseline, leaving unclear whether unitized associations are truly processed like items. Here, we investigated whether spatial proximity supports associative memory in older adults and how this benefit is reflected in medial temporal lobe (MTL) encoding activity. Participants encoded unrelated object pairs presented either proximally (spatially integrated) or distally (spatially separated), alongside a single item condition. Behaviorally, older adults showed better memory for proximal than distal pairs, though performance remained below that of single items. Neurally, MTL activity scaled with associative demand, with hippocampal activity increasing and perirhinal activity decreasing as demand increased. Results further revealed an anterior-posterior MTL dissociation, with proximal pairs sharing neural properties with both single items and distal pairs without uniquely recruiting either. Furthermore, hippocampal patterns reliably distinguished item from associative encoding, and the parahippocampal cortex discriminated all three conditions, indicating that the item-associative structure of the MTL was preserved in aging. Together, these findings suggest that proximal pairs occupy an intermediate position between item and associative representations within an intact MTL architecture, and that spatial proximity benefits associative memory in older adults by partially, but not fully, shifting associative demands toward item-based processing.
136h agoBackground Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental impairments. Following brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI), microglia face substantial metabolic stress; and upon phagocytosis, they become overloaded with lipids derived from engulfed dead neurons and myelin debris. It is unclear how microglia respond to and process the lipid cargo, and whether lipid accumulation may affect microglia function following neonatal HI. Methods The postnatal day 10 mice were subjected to HI using the Vannucci model. Lipid droplets (LD) were assessed by histology and immunofluorescent staining. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed using brain tissue from HI-injured and sham-operated mice at 72 hours after HI. LD-accumulating microglia (LDAM) were identified by a specific LD marker gene perilipin 2 (Plin2). Differential gene expression was analyzed between Plin2-positive and Plin2-negative microglia after HI. Human HIE brain sections were also examined for LD accumulation. The dynamic changes of PLIN2-expressing microglia and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) at 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after HI were compared using flow cytometry. In addition, mouse BV2 microglia were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to study phagocytosis and cytokine expression. Results Lipid droplets accumulated primarily in microglia after HI in neonatal mice and in human HIE brain. LD were not found in astrocytes or neurons. Plin2-expressing LDAM emerged as new microglia clusters after HI. Compared with microglia without LD, LDAM showed a distinct transcriptional profile with upregulation of genes linked to microglial activation, enhanced cholesterol and lipid processing, and a shift towards phagocytic and pro-inflammatory state. Blocking LD biogenesis reduced elevated phagocytosis and IL-1{beta} expression in BV2 cells following OGD. Conclusion Our study revealed that microglia accumulate lipid droplets as part of their metabolic responses to HI in the neonatal brain. Microglial lipid droplet formation is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype at early stage after HI, and increased phagocytosis in vitro. The lipid metabolic changes may regulate microglial function and influence HI outcomes.
136h agoNeuronal outgrowth to support cognitive functions relies on a timely supply of proteins to distal sites in the neuron. To meet this demand, neurons transport mRNAs and ribosomes in large assemblies called 'neuronal RNA granules'. Ribosomes that integrate into these granules initiate protein synthesis in the soma, stall the process, and then become packaged into clusters that are transported to distal sites, where protein synthesis can be reactivated. The exact mechanisms and structure of these ribosome clusters remain unknown. We combined cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to examine these dense ribosome clusters purified from rat brains, which are included in neuronal RNA granules. We found that these clusters contain ribosomes stalled at various stages of elongation and that the mRNA sequences where the ribosomes stall facilitate stalling. The ribosome clusters contain multiple polysomal units, and ribosomes from nearby polysomes interact through rRNA expansion segments, only seen before in disomes of inactive or hibernating ribosomes in neurons. The ribosomes in the clusters form unique three-dimensional arrays that evade detection by the ribosome-associated quality-control and NO-GO decay responses, which normally lead to recycling of 40S and 60S subunits, and degradation of the mRNA and arrested nascent proteins. Overall, this study helps uncover specialized mechanisms in neurons that enable local protein translation at distal sites, supporting proper protein homeostasis, both crucial for neurodevelopment and optimal neuronal function.
136h agoConsumption of food and water is regulated by interactions between neural circuits that govern motivational drive states, arousal, motor activity, and reward signaling, among other factors. Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus that express the neuropeptide neurotensin (LH-Nts neurons) are known to influence many of these elements, but their precise role in regulating specific aspects of ingestive behavior remains unclear. Utilizing a tightly controlled head-fixed task, we find that LH-Nts neurons strongly encode the rate of licking for water and sweet solutions, with weaker modulation of activity by solution identity and restriction state. Silencing LH-Nts neurons reduces water intake but has little direct effect on hunger or satiety. Instead, we find that these neurons impact multiple underlying behavioral components necessary for food consumption, including arousal and engagement with a novel food source, and also influence thermoregulation and metabolism. Together, these data establish tonic activity of LH-Nts neurons as a critical signal supporting exploration and volitional movement, while also delineating a role for these neurons in driving active consumption, particularly of water. Furthermore, quantitative projection mapping revealed widespread innervation of structures linked to thirst, arousal, reward, metabolism, and facial motor control, suggesting that these neurons play an important role coordinating neural circuits governing multiple different aspects of ingestion.
136h agoPrimary cancer cells that originate in diverse tissues in the body can spread to the brain through various physiological pathways and form metastatic tumors. The spatial patterning of brain metastases is highly stereotyped across individuals, but the physiological factors that confer regional vulnerability to tumor colonization are poorly understood. Here we map the brain metastases associated with primary breast cancer, lung cancer, and malignant melanoma to the multiscale organization of the brain. We analyze structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from more than 2,300 cancer patients with approximately 10,000 brain metastases to estimate metastatic frequency maps. We then examine whether transcriptional (microarray profiling), functional (functional MRI), and vascular (arterial spin labeling) features can predict the spatial pattern of each brain metastasis type. Our analyses highlight vascular anatomy as an integral determinant of metastatic patterning, particularly in breast and lung cancers. We find arterial border-zones as sites of elevated vulnerability to metastatic invasion. These areas, characterized by slow flow and small-caliber vessels, create a hemodynamic environment that favors the arrest and extravasation of circulating tumor cells. Together, these results provide quantitative support for the long-standing hypothesis that vascular architecture and its biomechanical properties constrain metastatic seeding in the brain. Identifying vascular topology as a key determinant of metastatic patterning suggests that systemic vascular and metabolic factors may contribute to metastatic risk.
136h agoPlace and time cells are widely thought to provide complementary representations of spatial location and elapsed time in the hippocampus. Recent experiments reported CA1 neurons whose place and time fields shift systematically with running speed, suggesting that representations of space and time are integrated and compete within a common neural code. Here we show that speed-dependent place- and time-field shifts can arise without explicit temporal coding. Using a hierarchy of computational models, we demonstrate that these phenomena emerge when the velocity of the internal estimate of position becomes progressively less sensitive to increases in the animal's speed. Recurrent neural networks trained exclusively for path integration spontaneously developed this behavior. Their analysis revealed a circuit mechanism in which weakly direction-selective neurons stabilize the activity bump at low speeds and progressively release this brake as speed increases. Finally, recurrent networks trained to jointly encode position and elapsed time distinguished genuine spatiotemporal representations from apparent temporal tuning generated by the task-induced correlation between space and time. Together, our results provide an alternative interpretation of speed-dependent place- and time-field shifts, identify a computational mechanism that extends continuous bump attractor models, and generate experimentally testable predictions.
136h agoNature Computational Science, Published online: 22 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s43588-026-01021-w
This study reports personalized models that decode human emotion states from intracranial brain recordings in real time, work across different tasks and uncover key brain networks that could guide future treatments for mental health conditions. 140h agoPerception is not a passive recording of external events. It is a continuous, active, and dynamic process of inference shaped by current goals, past experience, and hard biological constraints. The physiological state of the body is arguably the most fundamental constraint. Continuous inference about interoceptive states colors perception with emotions, which in turn affect basic perceptual and attentional processes. How, then, do we really look at the world when experiencing malaise? Here we leverage Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) - a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that induces mild dizziness, motion sickness, and nausea - in conjunction with high-resolution eye tracking, pupillometry, and computational modelling. We demonstrate that mild vestibular perturbations disrupt the coupling between gaze and informative low-level visual features. Crucially, however, this effect depends on individual susceptibility and on stimulus valence. Particularly susceptible participants experiencing stronger motion sickness increased their reliance on visually salient features, and particularly so for threatening (negatively valenced) images. Pupillometry revealed larger tonic pupil size in these participants, consistent with heightened arousal, as well as altered phasic responses to affective pictures. There was a close relationship between subjective reports of nausea, oculomotor behavior, and pupillary dynamics, highlighting an important role of inter-individual differences and related modulators (e.g., interoceptive accuracy). Altogether, these results unveil the continuous and dynamic interplay between interoceptive and exteroceptive processes, showing that how we perceive the environment fundamentally resonates with how we feel.
140h agoSubthalamic local field potentials (LFPs) are increasingly used as physiomarkers of the symptomatic state in Parkinson's disease, but their relationship to the underlying neurodegenerative pathology remains unclear. Here, we combined OFF-medication subthalamic LFP recordings with quantitative MRI markers of nigral and brainstem pathology in 33 people with Parkinson's disease. Distinct pathological markers mapped onto dissociable electrophysiological components. Substantia nigra pars compacta susceptibility was associated with increased occupancy, duration and rate of low {beta}; bursts, whereas nigral free water was associated with greater low-frequency aperiodic offset and a steeper slope. Pedunculopontine nucleus free-water-corrected axial diffusivity was selectively associated with high-frequency aperiodic activity, and this relationship strengthened with increasing nigral susceptibility, consistent with dopaminergic-state-dependent influences of extranigral pathology on subthalamic physiology. Only low-frequency aperiodic offset was also associated with contralateral bradykinesia. These findings indicate that the subthalamic LFP is not a unitary readout of dopamine loss or motor state, but an integrated physiological signal in which pathology across interconnected systems is expressed through separable oscillatory and aperiodic components. Chronically implanted devices may therefore provide physiological readouts of underlying disease biology alongside control signals for adaptive therapy.
140h agoMusic is a uniquely memorable human creation that, when skillfully composed, can persist in individual memory (as in e.g., earworms) and cultural transmission (e.g. global hits or anthems). While both acoustic and statistical properties are known to influence a song's memorability, the neural mechanisms that facilitate the engramming of certain musical sequences remain unclear. Current theories suggest that memory systems function as predictive internal models, enhancing learning when expectations are violated. Yet expected stimuli, by aligning with and reinforcing prior knowledge, also enhance memorability. How these two opposing processes arise from the brain's sensitivity to statistical regularities, especially in naturalistic sequences, is not well understood. Here, we leveraged music's intrinsic balance between expectancy and surprise, and examined the neural correlates of minutes-scale memorability using intracranial EEG recordings from nine patients with epilepsy performing a musical memory task. Quantifying the statistical surprise of each musical excerpt with PolyRNN, a polyphonic model of musical expectations, we uncovered a U-shaped relationship between musical surprise and memory performance: both highly expected and highly surprising melodies led to greater memorability. While neural pattern similarity between song repetitions was enhanced for low-surprise stimuli, high-surprise stimuli enhanced neural pattern separability in medial temporal regions, each mediating memorability in distinguishable ways. These findings reveal complementary neural mechanisms through which statistical structure shapes musical sequence memory, clarifying how the brain encodes complex, ecologically valid stimuli.
144h agoNature Neuroscience, Published online: 22 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02358-1
The authors show that cerebral venous blood flow and meningeal lymphatics co-regulate intracranial pressure and brain clearance in mice and humans. This finding supports idiopathic intracranial hypertension as a cerebral venous disorder. 148h agoUnderstanding how neural population activity is temporally coordinated with behavior remains a central challenge in neuroscience. Songbirds provide a powerful model system for addressing this question because learned vocal production requires precise coordination among neural dynamics, temporally structured motor output, and auditory feedback. However, quantifying neural-vocal interactions is challenging because both neural and acoustic signals are rhythmic, noisy, and highly nonstationary. Here, we investigate neural-vocal coordination during spontaneous canary singing using simultaneous recordings of neural population activity in a forebrain region of the song system and vocal behavior. Using a phase-resolved cross-correlation framework combined with surrogate-based statistical validation, we quantify neural-vocal interactions in short and highly variable song segments. Our analysis reveals that neural-vocal interactions are organized into distinct temporal regimes comprising positive, near-zero, and negative lags, consistent with neural activity preceding, accompanying, or following vocal output. The coexistence of these regimes is consistent with the integrative role of the recorded region, which receives auditory input, contributes to premotor control, and participates in the neural circuitry supporting song learning and the ongoing maintenance of adult song. We further find that correlated and anticorrelated interactions coexist throughout singing, with anticorrelated interactions consistently concentrated around near-zero lags. These anticorrelations identify periods in which decreases in neural population activity are closely aligned with sound production, revealing biologically relevant information that is obscured by analyses performed over complete song renditions. Together, these results uncover a robust temporal structure linking neural population activity to vocal behavior and provide a broadly applicable framework for extracting transient neural-behavioral interactions from complex biological signals.
148h agoVisuo-spatial attention and semantic memory are supported by distinct, largely competing brain networks, yet they are frequently engaged together in daily life. How these networks interact during combined tasks remains unexplored. We conducted a factorial fMRI experiment in which 25 participants performed a novel task requiring visuo-spatial attention, semantic judgment, or both. Covert shifts of attention towards cued lateral location activated bilateral parietal (PEF), frontal eye fields (FEF), and anterior insula. Categorizing a word as referring to a living or non-living entity activated a lateral parietal region (LaP) between the dorsal tip of the angular gyrus and the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus, along with the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior temporal sulcus, inferior temporal lobe and bilateral anterior insula. Notably, the anterior insula was active in both conditions. Dynamic causal modeling showed excitatory-inhibitory parieto-frontal loops driving attention (PEF[->]FEF) and semantic processing (LaP[->]IFG) separately, but in the combined condition frontal-to-parietal feedback became excitatory, reflecting stronger integration, with the anterior insula driving overall connectivity. These findings identify LaP as a novel region supporting semantic processing of linguistic stimuli, and highlight the anterior insula as a key hub integrating attentional and semantic networks under concurrent cognitive demands.
148h agoCerebral Small vessel disease (cSVD) is a prevalent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Whether this pathology is a late consequence of amyloid and tau accumulation or an early, direct effect of PSEN1 dysfunction has remained unresolved. We found that it is more severe in familial AD (FAD) caused by E280A mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1). These cases present with a distinctive proteomic signature, associated with pathological features, more dysregulated in the occipital cortex (OC) compared to the frontal cortex (FC), and characterized by multiple dysregulated proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) and RNA-associated processes. This proteomic fingerprint was associated with abnormal collagen build up, ECM disorganization, and signatures of aberrant angiogenesis. Six months old transgenic knock-in mice homozygous for Psen1 E280A mutation (PSEN1Ki) also showed a similar phenotype with microvascular tortuosity and proteomic changes. Critically, these mice develop neither A{beta} plaques nor tau tangles, indicating that the shared microvascular and RNA-associated changes are direct consequences of PSEN1 dysfunction rather than downstream effects of amyloid pathology. Remarkably, dysregulated RNA-associated protein networks overlapped between FAD and PSEN1Ki mice. Cerebral microvessels microstructure in PSEN1Ki mice at two months and six months showed abnormal astrocytic end-feet with lamellar deposits implicating blood-brain barrier damage. Finally, single nuclei transcriptomic analysis of AD patients and controls showed similar abnormal astrocytes in both sporadic and familial variants, but FAD astrocytes expressed dysregulated genes identified in the proteomic analyses, such as GLUL, APOE, and CLU. Our findings suggest that cSVD is an early pathological event in PSEN1 FAD and that is driven by abnormal RNA-associated processes and astrocytic dysfunction.
148h agoThe neural mechanisms underlying conscious perception remain contested, with global neuronal workspace theory (GNWT) and integrated information theory (IIT) offering divergent predictions about the spatiotemporal dynamics of conscious processing. The Cogitate Consortium (2025) recently conducted a large-scale adversarial collaboration to arbitrate between GNWT and IIT; however, some of their analyses yielded mixed findings. As the original study relied on functional connectivity, it could not assess the directed neural influences required to directly test the mechanistic claims of these theories. Here, we re-examined the Cogitate Consortium MEG dataset (N = 100) using dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to test the effective connectivity profiles predicted by each theory during task-irrelevant face perception. We adopted a split discovery-validation procedure and an expanding time-window approach to track the temporal evolution of prototypical networks for each theory. Specifically, we evaluated GNWTs prediction of phasic prefrontal ignition by testing the necessity of PFC feedback to category-selective areas at stimulus onset and offset, and then tested IITs prediction of sustained posterior integration by testing extrinsic feedback and intrinsic connectivity within content-specific regions. We found support for both GNWT predictions of prefrontal ignition at stimulus onset and offset; noting that the latter was not previously observed in the original Cogitate analyses. For IIT, whilst feedback connectivity between the fusiform gyrus and primary visual cortex was not sustained throughout the stimulus duration, intrinsic fusiform gyrus connectivity was broadly consistent with IITs prediction of sustained processing within a content-specific substrate. However, a post-hoc validation analysis comparing face- and object-specific DCM networks did not yield strong evidence for face selectivity at any time window (pp< 0.95), warranting a conservative interpretation of the IIT findings in particular.
148h agoPosttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin have been suggested to form a tubulin code to coordinate microtubule functions. While at the molecular level PTMs were demonstrated to act in a target-specific manner, an outstanding question is the selectivity with which they control cellular and physiological functions. For instance, several tubulin PTMs have been linked to neurodegeneration, suggesting that whichever PTM is dysregulated could be sufficient to induce microtubule perturbation and cause neuronal death. Here we test whether perturbation of tyrosination can cause degeneration of Purkinje neurons similar to what happens when the PTM polyglutamylation is abnormally accumulated. Strikingly, this is not the case: deletion of tubulin tyrosine ligase in Purkinje cells, while resulting in loss of tyrosinated tubulin in these neurons, does not affect their survival nor function for more than one year. Our results thus reveal a highly specific role of polyglutamylation in neuronal homeostasis that is not replicated by other tubulin PTMs, suggesting stringent functional specialisation of those PTMs at the physiological level.
148h agoApolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and promotes neuronal dysfunction through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we integrated transcriptomic, translatomic, and proteomic profiling of isogenic APOE3 and APOE4 human iPSC-derived neurons and found that APOE4 fundamentally impairs neuronal proteome renewal. Although transcriptional changes were modest, APOE4 disrupted ribosome occupancy, altered translational dynamics, and uncoupled protein abundance from transcript levels. Proteome-wide turnover measurements revealed a global extension of protein half-lives and widespread accumulation of long-lived proteins. Functional proteomic analyses demonstrated concurrent lysosomal and proteasomal impairments associated with reduced proteasome activity and increased association of APOE with neuronal proteasomes. Longitudinal proteomics further showed that protein accumulation emerges during neuronal maturation and precedes a senescence-like cellular stress state. Together, these findings identify impaired proteome renewal as a central mechanism underlying neuronal vulnerability to APOE4 and establish defective proteostasis as an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease.
148h agoProgranulin (PGRN) deficiency is a major genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), yet its impact on cerebrovascular function remains understudied. Here, we show that PGRN deficiency contributes to cerebral microvascular perfusion and induces alterations within the neurovascular unit. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed increased capillary stalling and reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF), driven in part by increased leucocyte-capillary interactions and elevated endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Transcriptomic profiling of isolated cerebral microvessels demonstrated coordinated upregulation of immune and extracellular matrix pathways alongside suppression of angiogenic and stress-response programs, indicative of endothelial activation. Cross-species analyses identified partial conservation of these vascular signatures in endothelial cells from human FTD-GRN patients, associated with dysregulated angiogenic and inflammatory signaling. Despite altered tight junction organization and reduced solute carrier transporter expression, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability remained largely intact, suggesting functional rather than structural BBB disruption, as well as. These vascular changes were accompanied by broad alterations in the morphology of astrocytes, pericytes, and microglial cells. Here we determined a novel role for progranulin in cerebrovascular homeostasis and established
148h agoSingle-cell-resolution mapping of the human brain is central to understanding the link between cellular-level phenotypes and disease. Tissue clearing and mesoscale imaging have facilitated organ-wide quantification of cell populations and are expected to drive the identification of pathological deficits in neurological disorders. However, mesoscopic comparison of human brain tissue remains challenging because of large variability in cortical folding patterns and heterogeneous cell distribution. Here, we present a 'retrodictive' analysis of the cortex that reconstructs the proliferation history of neural stem cells from a static snapshot of tissue, providing a developmentally grounded coordinate system for comparison across samples. The analysis showed that most of the heterogeneity in cell distribution can be explained by the physical displacement caused by folding, which allows folding-induced variation to be removed and additionally reveals a possible mechanism of cortical folding. Together with a Bayesian framework, we estimated, with quantified uncertainty, the proliferation rate of a representative stem cell that summarizes the population of each cortical region. This analysis enables researchers to distill inter-individual differences down to stem cell properties and their distributions on the protomap. We anticipate our workflow to be a foundational framework for 3D neuropathological analysis, providing a common coordinate for the cortex-wide analysis of cells across individuals in development, aging, and disease.
148h agoDuring speech comprehension, the brain dynamically infers a hierarchy of increasingly abstract representations from the sensory input. An important step in the inferential hierarchy is the combination of words to form phrases and sentences. Whether this process is driven primarily by statistical patterns in the linguistic input, or by a mechanism that combines words into hierarchical representations, is a subject of considerable debate that has regained importance with the arrival of large language models. This study investigates whether local cortical activity (high gamma power; 70-150 Hz) from intracranial recordings is jointly modulated by lexical probability and syntactic structure; and whether lexical probability affects the inference of syntactic structure. To this end, an open dataset of electrocorticography recordings is analyzed with multivariate temporal response functions and a model comparison approach. The results indicate that high gamma power is sensitive to multi-word estimates of constituency structure and lexical probability estimates, both in isolation and jointly. The temporal response functions suggest that syntactic structure building depends on interregional communication between regions connected through dorsal- and ventral streams. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that bottom-up syntactic information is less likely to be encoded by neural populations that strongly code for lexical probability measures, while top-down syntactic information shares neural resources with lexical uncertainty. We suggest that lexical uncertainty modulates the weighting of anticipatory structural information. With this, the current study supports models that suggest that cues are leveraged flexibly in a feed-forward and feed-back fashion during speech comprehension.
148h agoPsychosis has been linked to changes in diffusion-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) across multiple white matter tracts, yet most evidence is cross-sectional. Longitudinal findings are inconsistent, and the clinical relevance of white matter changes over time remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated longitudinal white matter changes and their clinical correlates in early psychosis in a large, multi-centre diffusion-tensor imaging study. Across 18 sites, 407 participants (healthy controls: n = 97, 59.8% men, mean age 23.9 years; clinical high risk of psychosis: n = 158, 53.5% men, mean age 23.0 years; first-episode psychosis: n = 152, 71.1% men, mean age 25.1 years) were scanned at up to three time points over 12 months. FA was assessed in the cingulum bundle, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and at the whole brain level. FA trajectories were analysed using linear mixed-effects models to test effects of group, social and occupational functioning, and (attenuated) psychotic symptoms, while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates. No significant group differences in FA were observed, either globally or within tracts (p > .05). Longitudinal FA trajectories were not associated with changes in (attenuated) psychotic symptoms or functioning (p > .05). In contrast, higher baseline antipsychotic medication dose was significantly associated with lower FA (pcorr < .05). Overall, these findings indicate that white matter microstructure is relatively stable during the clinical-high-risk and first-episode phases of psychosis, and that it is not clearly associated with variation in symptom severity or functional outcomes over time.
148h agoGraded cognitive tasks are relevant only when increasing nominal difficulty produces measurable changes in performance and a convergent physiological response. This study evaluated a five-level arithmetic paradigm and a five-level linguistic paradigm designed to engage working memory through separate exposure, retention, and response intervals. Thirty-eight healthy young adults completed both paradigms. Behavioral manipulation validity was assessed from accuracy and completion time; linguistic item-level responses were additionally modeled to detect nonlinear floor effects. Bilateral middle cerebral artery blood-flow velocity was recorded with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Baseline-normalized mean velocity change was the primary physiological endpoint, with positive and net area under the curve, peak response, time to peak, and early slope as secondary endpoints. Accuracy declined and completion time increased strongly across levels in both domains, with a substantially steeper accuracy decline in the linguistic paradigm. Although the levels were nominally ordered, the higher linguistic levels did not produce equidistant increases due to the ground effect. Transcranial Doppler models showed significant level-dependent changes in mean velocity, positive and net area under the curve, time to peak, and early slope. However, domain-by-level and domain-by-level-by-hemisphere interactions were not significant. Behavioral and physiological measures therefore converged mainly at the level of the graded experimental manipulation, rather than as distinct domain-specific or lateralized hemodynamic signatures. These findings lend support to paradigms as a multimodal framework for manipulating cognitive load experimentally, while also indicating upper-level language saturation and physiological quality-control decisions that should guide further improvement.
152h agoThe human insular cortex is involved in a multitude of processes essential for survival, but its precise role in pain perception remains debated. While it has been shown that ongoing oscillatory activity in the posterior insula is preferentially modulated by thermonociceptive input, it is unclear whether these modulations are functionally related to changes in pain perception. To assess this link, neural responses to sustained periodic thermonociceptive and non-nociceptive vibrotactile stimulation delivered at a frequency of 0.2 Hz were measured using intracerebral electrode contacts located in the anterior (n=63) and posterior (n=37) insular cortices of 10 patients undergoing presurgical evaluation for focal epilepsy. An arithmetic task was employed concomitant to the stimulation, aiming to reduce participant 's perceived intensity while leaving the physical stimulation parameters unchanged. A frequency-tagging analysis approach was used to assess the modulation of the ongoing neural oscillations. As expected, the perception of the stimulation was significantly reduced during the arithmetic task to a similar extent in both modalities. Yet, no congruent reduction in the frequency-tagged oscillatory responses was found in the posterior insula during distraction, for either of the modalities. On the contrary, during distraction, vibrotactile stimulation elicited larger responses in the anterior insula. These findings suggest that top-down modulation via distraction differentially affects anterior insula responses to innocuous vibrotactile input, while thermonociceptive processing appears to involve additional neural systems during distraction that are not equivalently engaged by vibrotactile stimulation.
152h agoTraumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers pathological cascades that evolve across acute, subacute, and chronic phases. Astrocytes play a central role across these phases, and astrocyte reactivity is commonly evaluated using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling. However, in many TBI studies GFAP changes are characterized qualitatively or with manual or simple threshold-based measures on a small set of sections, limiting throughput and constraining analysis of region-specific heterogeneity in astrocyte responses. To overcome these limitations, we employed a ferret model of diffuse TBI (5 TBI, 5 sham), leveraging the ferret's gyrencephalic cortex, human-like regional fractional brain volumes, and astrocyte features that more closely resemble the human brain than rodent models. An AI-driven segmentation model validated for GFAP-stained ferret histology was integrated with atlas-based mapping to achieve whole-brain, region-resolved quantification of astrocyte reactivity over an average of 10 coronal slices per animal. Morphometric analysis using a custom SMorph-based pipeline characterized branching complexity and spatial domain features across defined regions. At seven days post-injury, TBI animals showed elevated astrocyte reactivity and hypertrophic remodeling, with significant expansion of convex hull area and elongation of secondary branches at the whole-brain level, most pronounced in the atlas-defined gray-matter region and cerebellum and brain-stem subregions, whereas white-matter showed a similar but less marked trend. Morphological changes were also detected in the hippocampus that did not show significant increases in astrocyte reactivity, indicating that structural remodeling represents a partially independent dimension of the astroglial response. These regional patterns are consistent with expected large tissue deformation and axonal strain in brainstem-cerebellar pathways and gray-matter at gray-white junctions in sagittal rotation, motivating future computational studies to quantify these links more directly. By combining region-resolved GFAP mapping with large-scale morphometry, this work provides a scalable framework for region-specific astrocyte mapping to support future multimodal, computational, and targeted neuroprotective studies.
152h agoThe mediodorsal thalamus (MD) modulates pain through thalamocortical regulation of the mPFC. Yet, MD is often treated as a single anatomical and functional entity despite marked internal heterogeneity. Here, we tested whether medial-central MD (MDmc) and lateral MD (MDl) subdivisions exert dissociable control over sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain by engaging the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prelimbic cortex (PrL). Using subdivision-selective excitotoxic lesions in rats, combined with anterograde tracing, laminar activity mapping, and projection-specific optogenetic manipulation of MDmc and MDl terminals in ACC or PrL, we determined the contribution of each subdivision and the underlying MD-PFC circuit mechanisms. Behaviorally, MDmc and MDl lesions induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, but only MDmc lesions increased pain-related avoidance. Anatomical analyses showed that MDl preferentially innervated ACC PV cells, whereas MDmc more strongly targeted ACC SOM cells. Lesions further produced subdivision-dependent reorganization of nociception-evoked cFos activity in layers 2/3 and 5 and altered PV/SOM interneuron recruitment. Optogenetic manipulations revealed pathway-specific effects: MDmc-ACC/PrL manipulations enhanced nociceptive gain and avoidance, whereas MDl-ACC inhibition increased hypersensitivity while reducing avoidance, and MDl-PrL inhibition increased both nociceptive sensitivity and avoidance. Together, these findings identify MD subdivision-specific thalamocortical pathways that recruit distinct inhibitory microcircuits within ACC and PrL, thereby differentially shaping sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain.
152h agoPupil dilation offers a sensitive, non-invasive window into the neurocognitive processes supporting human associative learning. Yet, the field lacks consensus on how to quantify conditioned pupil responses, particularly which time intervals best serve as readouts. Moreover, it remains unresolved whether pupil dilation during learning reflects a unitary arousal signal or multiple (overlapping yet distinct) processes that unfold sequentially (e.g., cue valuation, uncertainty-driven attention, anticipation, prediction-error [PE] signaling). To address this, we conducted a large-scale individual-participant-data reanalysis (mega-analysis) of harmonized primary studies from our lab (K = 7 independent samples; total N = 385; 562 sessions), reprocessed through an identical pipeline, with systematic variation in outcome valence and modality. Temporal PCA of CS- and US-locked epochs yielded highly stable component structures across trials and studies, which carried dissociable information: An early (CS-locked) component selectively tracked appetitive value, distinguishing reward cues before aversive differentiation emerged. Later phases reflected differential conditioning across both valences, increasingly coupled to arousal toward US onset. Aversive learning was most specifically expressed in responses peaking around expected US delivery, which also predicted negative valence ratings. Two subsequent components captured unconditioned responding and its modulation by unexpected outcomes and omissions, consistent with unsigned PE signaling (amplified after aversive cues) and, later, positive PEs. Generalized additive mixed models largely converged with the PCA structure. Pupil dilation is therefore not a unitary marker of conditioning, but rather a high-resolution readout of sequential processes such as valuation, arousal/attention, and outcome updating, offering a promising framework for future computational models of learning.
152h agoarXiv:2607.18428v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neuronal communication is mediated in part by changes in neuronal firing rates. The time interval between successive neuronal firings is referred to as the inter-spike interval (ISI), and quantifying its statistics is important for understanding neuronal communication. This paper studies the ISI statistics of a postsynaptic neuron receiving independent excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic action potentials (EI circuit). This circuit is modeled as a classical integrate-and-fire neuron, and the ISI statistics are investigated for both fixed and adaptive threshold potentials. First, a depolarizing adaptive threshold model is studied, where the threshold potential increases with the postsynaptic membrane potential. Our analysis shows that the ISI noise, quantified as the coefficient of variation, is larger in the adaptive threshold model compared to the fixed threshold model for the same mean ISI. Additionally, simulations reveal that the ISI noise can be either hypo- or hyper-exponential (defined as ISI noise smaller or larger than one, respectively) depending on the frequencies of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Next, a hyperpolarizing adaptive threshold potential is studied, where the threshold decreases as the membrane potential hyperpolarizes. Interestingly, this model shows that the postsynaptic neuron can generate action potentials (APs) when driven solely by inhibitory inputs. Furthermore, mean and noise signatures are characterized across model parameters for both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. In summary, this work provides a systematic stochastic analysis of adaptive threshold models for AP generation to understand their role in interneuronal information processing.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18460v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Humans have always externalized thought onto tools, from the tally and the abacus to the map and, now, large language models. I model the agent, the tool, and the task as one dynamical system in which competence (what the user retains) and reliance (what the user outsources) co-evolve, and find that the outcome is bistable. Above a critical tool availability the competent state is destroyed and competence collapses toward a low dependent floor as the user outsources completely. Lowering availability does not reverse the collapse until a far lower threshold, so history of practice rather than the current tool fixes the state. Two users with the same present access can therefore occupy opposite and lasting states, one competent and one dependent, decided only by which they built first. The collapse threshold depends jointly on the competence a user brings to a task and on the tool's transparency, the fraction of its working a user can reconstruct. In the case where an agent faces an uncertain goal, a tool can cause agency itself to transfer to the tool and the human-agent becomes an agentic-instrument, irreversibly, because the tool's model is too large to internalize. The model is tested against several independent data sets, including GPS and map use, arithmetic expertise, and language models. These results reframe how tools should be built, how artificial intelligence is deployed, and what a tool-resistant education might require.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18969v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A walking fly steers toward a goal direction, held as a bump of activity across the FC2 neurons of the fan-shaped body. These neurons also inhibit one another over distance, more strongly the farther apart they are, a feedback proposed to keep the fly on a single goal. We asked, from the connectome, what circuit produces this inhibition, and whether it lets FC2 actively choose one goal among competitors (a winner-take-all) or simply keeps a goal set elsewhere as one clean bump. Tracing the wiring in a single FlyWire brain, we find the inhibition is almost entirely global: four FB5A cells inhibit every FC2 neuron roughly equally, with a smaller, distance-dependent contribution from hDelta interneurons and a negligible direct component. A ring-attractor winner-take-all (the kind the compass uses) requires local recurrent excitation that the FC2 wiring lacks, so this geometry cannot build one; and across a range of dynamical models, including a spiking network, no version of the circuit locks onto a winner at the connectome-scaled reference coupling. FC2 therefore normalizes an externally set goal rather than selecting it, with FB5A likely acting as the global normalizer, much as the APL neuron does in the mushroom body. We are explicit about two open points: a different mechanism, mutual inhibition between two competing goals (which hDelta supplies), could in principle select at very strong coupling, and we bound rather than exclude it; and FB5A's inhibitory identity is a low-confidence prediction of the connectome's transmitter classifier, not yet measured, and likely not GABAergic. We then ask where the goal is actually set: the connectome nominates an upstream hDelta network and rules out the leading proposed alternative, whose neurons supply under 0.2% of FC2's input. Finally, we propose a direct experiment, silencing FB5A while imaging FC2, that would test the account.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19316v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In the primate visual system, center-preferring cortical populations have higher spatial resolution and overlap face- and word-selective regions while periphery-preferring populations have lower spatial resolution and overlap scene-selective regions. This "eccentricity bias" may reflect differential task-relevance: central vision may better support fine-grained tasks like face recognition and reading, while peripheral vision may better support scene understanding. To test whether eccentricity-dependent coding can emerge from natural experience, we used egocentric video and eye-tracking data from the Visual Experience Dataset (VEDB). We trained ResNet-18 models using contrastive learning (SimCLR) on frames modified to isolate different eccentricities (gaze-contingent fovea-only crops, periphery-only crops, and periphery-only crops with a NeuroFovea transform applied). We evaluated downstream task performance and model alignment with human fMRI data (Natural Scenes Dataset; encoding models). In-domain VEDB frame classification showed systematic differences between fovea- and periphery-only models across categories, indicating differential informativeness across tasks. On downstream classification, VEDB-pretrained models generalized better to scene categorization (Places365) than face recognition (VGGFace2), with fovea-only models stronger on both. Across visual cortex, VEDB-pretrained models matched neural predictivity of models trained on mid-sized non-egocentric datasets (ImageNet-100), suggesting egocentric data supports emergence of cortically-aligned representations. In scene-selective cortex (PPA, RSC), periphery-only models held a small but consistent advantage in explained variance over fovea-only models, suggesting these regions are aligned with peripheral statistics. Together, these results suggest egocentric experience may adaptively constrain cortical information processing.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18574v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Direct feedback alignment (DFA) trains hidden layers with fixed random projections of the output error, avoiding the transposed-weight backward pass of backpropagation (BP). We study a failure mode of DFA training that is distinct from feedback quality: the local weight update is calculated by an outer product, so anisotropy can enter through either its presynaptic-activity factor or its local-error factor. Our analyses with controlled synthetic regimes isolate the first failure mode and show an approximately 40-percentage-point activity-conditioning gain when high-variance directions contain task-irrelevant nuisance. Three clean confirmations isolate a different regime: error conditioning improves raw DFA by 1.77--7.53 percentage points, and combining independently selected activity and error factors adds 0.40--0.90 points over activity conditioning. The signs hold for tanh/one-vs-rest MNIST and preregistered Fashion-MNIST, and replicate on eight fresh seeds in a ReLU/softmax MNIST model. This factorization yields a symmetric block-local family of normalized DFA (nDFA): activity nDFA right-preconditions by an inverse activity second moment, error nDFA left-preconditions by an inverse local-error second moment, and K-nDFA applies both factors with separately tuned damping. A linearized post-alignment calculation gives an exact input-side spectral identity and a Kronecker-factor motivation for the two-sided rule, whereas norm matching rules out a scalar step-size explanation. The error factor is fragile when under-damped, BatchNorm is a strong activity-side alternative, and convnet gains remain partial. We therefore frame conditioned DFA as a factor-level study of when local outer-product rules fail, not as a general replacement for BP or a solution to all-layer convolutional credit assignment.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18749v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Translating brain signals into text could restore communication for people with severe paralysis, yet practically usable systems to date rely on invasive electrocorticography (ECoG). Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive alternative, and EEG-to-text (EEG2Text) has been widely explored. Interestingly, however, EEG2Text models generally rely on teacher-forcing evaluation; without it, they fail to generate meaningful decoding. This reliance prevents EEG2Text from being applied in real-world, non-academic settings. This has fueled numerous debates about whether EEG2Text is a meaningful direction, by extension, and whether EEG truly contains decodable linguistic information. Here, using a neuropsychology-informed paradigm, we find that existing EEG2Text benchmarks have neglected EEG instability, a flaw that has confounded inference and sparked debate. Our experiments furnish key evidence for the feasibility of teacher-forcing-free EEG2Text decoding. Accordingly, we assemble the Corpus OF Eeg-To-Text (COFETT) using a 128-channel high-density EEG cap, providing a benchmark dedicated to evaluating EEG2Text models. In comparisons with multiple existing benchmarks, COFETT achieves SOTA ability to distinguish among model performances and enables robust, teacher-forcing-free evaluation, thereby opening a path toward practical EEG2Text applications. COFETT is open sourced in https://github.com/baoyudu/COFETT.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18923v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: ECoG-based visual semantic decoding enables inference of semantic interpretation of visual perception from complex, noisy brain activity. This study examines the feasibility of visual semantic decoding using an end-to-end deep learning framework using electrocorticography (ECoG). Specifically, the decoding task is to predict visual categories from video stimuli using time-series neural inputs. A previously collected ECoG dataset from participants ($n=17$) with drug-resistant epilepsy is used for analysis. With fewer than 50 training samples per visual category, this study evaluates multiple deep learning approaches, artificial neural network architectures, and frequency-band filtered inputs. The best-performing approach is analyzed to shed light on the discriminative information it relies on across spectral, temporal, and cortical dimensions. The selected decoding system uses mixup augmentation, a Transformer-based encoder, and high-gamma (80-150 Hz) inputs with a 900 ms post-stimulus window. Further analysis shows that early visual cortex (V2-V4), ventral stream visual cortex, MT+ complex with neighbouring visual areas, and lateral temporal cortex contributed substantially to decoding performance. This study demonstrates that an end-to-end deep learning framework can yield promising decoding performance from dynamic visual stimuli without handcrafted features, while the model behavior remains interpretable through spectral, temporal, and cortical dimensions, which are broadly consistent with established neuroscience knowledge.
156h agoarXiv:2510.07956v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The objective of this paper is to review physiological and computational aspects of the responsiveness of the cerebral cortex to stimulation, and how responsiveness depends on the state of the system. This correspondence between brain state and brain responsiveness (state-dependent responses) is outlined at different scales from the cellular and circuit level, to the mesoscale and macroscale level. At each scale, we review how quantitative methods can be used to characterize network states based on brain responses, such as the Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI). This description will compare data and models, systematically and at multiple scales, with a focus on the mechanisms that explain how brain responses depend on brain states.
156h agoarXiv:2605.04088v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Intrinsic channel noise is an important source of variability in neuronal dynamics, but its state-dependent and boundary-constrained nature can be difficult to represent numerically. Here, we investigate the effects of bounded multiplicative noise applied to the slow M-current gating variable in a five-dimensional conductance-based model of a CA1 pyramidal neuron. We employ a full-truncation semi-implicit Euler scheme to control boundary violations and perform Monte Carlo parameter sweeps, time-step checks, burst-detection sensitivity analyses, and conductance perturbations. In subthreshold regimes, noise induces firing and produces an intermediate-noise minimum in the coefficient of variation, consistent with coherence resonance. In the deep subthreshold regime, the burst rate exhibits moderate Arrhenius-like scaling over a restricted low-noise interval, supporting an interpretation in terms of noise-activated escape. Near the numerically identified onset of sustained oscillations, temporal coherence is particularly sensitive to noise intensity. In the suprathreshold regime, strong multiplicative noise accelerates firing through premature stochastic exits from the hyperpolarized recovery branch, although this behavior does not follow classical Kramers scaling. Control simulations using clipped additive Gaussian noise produce qualitatively different dynamics, indicating that the state dependence and boundary behavior of the diffusion term materially affect the observed transitions. The main trends remain robust under the tested variations in numerical resolution, burst-detection threshold, slow timescale, and M-current conductance. These results characterize model-specific effects of boundary-constrained channel noise and motivate future comparisons with discrete-state ion-channel models.
156h agoarXiv:2507.05505v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The study of neural computation aims to understand the function of a neural system as an information processing machine. Neural systems are undoubtedly complex, necessitating principled and automated tools to abstract away details to organize and incrementally build intuition. We argue that systems with the same effective behavior should be abstracted by their ideal representative, i.e., archetype, defined by its asymptotic dynamical structure. We propose a library of archetypical computations and a new measure of dissimilarity that allows us to group systems based on their effective behavior by explicitly considering both deformations that break topological conjugacy as well as diffeomorphisms that preserve it. The proposed dissimilarity can be estimated from observed trajectories. Numerical experiments demonstrate our method's ability to overcome previously reported fragility of existing (dis)similarity measures for approximate continuous attractors and high-dimensional recurrent neural networks. Although our experiments focus on working memory systems, our theoretical approach naturally extends to general mechanistic interpretation of recurrent dynamics in both biological and artificial neural systems. We argue that abstract dynamical archetypes, rather than detailed dynamical systems, offer a more useful vocabulary for describing neural computation.
156h agoarXiv:2511.08436v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How complex collective behavior emerges from individual interactions is a fundamental scientific question, but experimental cost and difficulty of simultaneous multi-brain recordings limit direct study in animals. Here we introduce a novel computational framework modeling weakly electric fish-like agents with biophysically inspired electrosensing and actuation, trained to forage collectively via multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Trained agents reproduce hallmarks of real fish, including curvilinear homing trajectories and heavy-tailed electric organ discharge (EOD) interval statistics, while exhibiting emergent active sensing, social foraging, dominance-like asymmetries, and aggression. We perform in silico interventions including sensor ablations, EOD silencing, and food distribution changes to identify causal drivers of social foraging. Analyses of recurrent neural dynamics further show robust encoding of task-relevant variables and social context. Our work has broad implications for the neuroethology of weakly electric fish and other social animals where extensive multi-individual neural recordings, and thus traditional data-driven modeling, remain challenging.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18771v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Noise-induced order (NIO) is a paradigmatic example of nontrivial noise-induced phenomena, characterized by pronounced spectral peaks and pseudoperiodic dynamics. We show that this periodicity is governed by the Ruelle-Pollicott resonances of the annealed transfer operator, independently of dynamical stability. Exact results for an analytically solvable model and numerical results for a modified Lasota--Mackey map show excellent agreement between resonance-based predictions and empirical power spectra across a broad range of noise amplitudes. Independent transitions in stability, diagnosed by the Lyapunov exponent, and statistical periodicity, diagnosed by the Ruelle-Pollicott resonances, give rise to three distinct types of NIO.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19084v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper we present a concrete example of a substochastic discrete-time Markov chain on a countable state space producing a spectrum of infinitely many quasi-stationary distributions (QSDs) for generic parameter values, with each QSD supporting a distinct escape rate. Our system is motivated by an open variant of the Pelikan dynamical system, a random map introduced in the 1980s. These QSDs, and their stability to perturbative random noise, are tested in numerical simulations. The existence of unique QEDs is also established for some parameter values.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19119v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the long-time asymptotics for the solution of the Cauchy problem of the defocusing Hirota equation on a finite-genus algebro-geometric background in the whole $(x,t)$-half-plane, whose method is mainly based on a Riemann-Hilbert (RH) formulation and Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method. The critical values of the phase function in the associated RH problem divide the space-time plane into four regions, in which the leading-order term is given by a phase-shifted finite-genus algebro-geometric solution. The subleading behavior depends on the region: the correction is of order $t^{-1/3}$ and is governed by a Painlev\'e-XXXIV model RH problem in the transition regions; the leading radiation is of order $t^{-1/2}$ in the Zakharov--Manakov region; and the error is $O(t^{-1})$ in the fast-decay region. These results can also be extended to other higher-order members of the AKNS hierarchy.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18433v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Intelligence appears under different names in different fields: as data compression in statistics and machine learning, as universal computation in dynamical systems, and as adaptive behavior in agents. Each field carries its own objective, and the two most influential drives often fail in mirror image: novelty search, which seeks surprise, is transfixed by a noisy television screen, while the free-energy principle, which avoids surprise, is most content in a dark room. Both failures have a single cause: each objective treats as one quantity the surprise a learner can convert into knowledge and the surprise it never can. Here we show that the learnable part of that information, which we call learnable novelty, yields the seemingly disparate projections of intelligence, and we give a closed-form estimator of it built on a cheap and differentiable reservoir computer. Used as a measure, with no supervision of any kind, the estimator recovers decades of complexity classification, ranking the Turing-complete rule~110 highest among the elementary cellular automata. Used as an objective, its gradient carries a neural cellular automaton from simple dynamics into a regime of solitons, the traveling, colliding structures by which rule~110 computes, as well as organizes the representation of an image encoder around the ten digit classes of MNIST, fully unsupervised: no label ever enters training. Handed to a reinforcement-learning agent as an intrinsic reward, it supplies the exploration that task rewards lack, improving on the task baseline in nine of ten environments and collapsing in none. Complexity generation, abstraction, and exploration, ordinarily pursued with unrelated objectives in separate fields, thus emerge from ascent on one differentiable quantity, and the projections of intelligence gain a common quantitative footing.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18434v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Ecological communities are shaped by the interplay between trophic interactions and infectious disease, yet how spatially mediated interactions influence disease-driven ecosystem dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we develop a gravity-based eco-epidemiological framework for a tri-trophic food chain in which trophic interaction depends on species abundances and effective interaction distance. The disease-free food chain system supports a stable coexistence equilibrium, providing a baseline for investigating disease-induced ecological transitions. Introducing infection at the intermediate trophic level destabilizes this equilibrium through a Hopf bifurcation, leading to sustained oscillations, whereas infection at the top predator level results in a qualitatively different transition from persistence to extinction. By systematically varying the gravity coupling strength, we show that gravity-mediated trophic interactions regulate the thresholds separating these ecological regimes, while the trophic position of infection determines the nature of the transition. Together, these findings establish a unified framework for understanding how spatially mediated trophic interactions and infectious disease jointly govern ecosystem stability, providing new insights into disease-driven dynamics in ecological communities.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Symbolic discovery of governing equations from data is limited not only by algorithm design and data volume, but by the geometry of the attractor: what the long-run dynamics allow to be recovered. Using a within-system design on Lorenz-84, where one forcing parameter drives fixed-point, limit-cycle, and chaotic regimes while the governing equations and library stay fixed, we show that a single number, $\lambda_{\min}(M)$, the smallest eigenvalue of the invariant-measure moment matrix, sets the identifiability ceiling for both sparse regression (SINDy) and evolutionary symbolic regression (PySR). Derived from the Birkhoff ergodic theorem and obtained from a short reference trajectory before any run, $\lambda_{\min}(M)$ measures how fully the attractor covers function space: where it vanishes, recovery is impossible for any algorithm, sparse or combinatorial alike; as it grows, both algorithms improve. Chaos raises $\lambda_{\min}(M)$ by spreading the attractor, but also enlarges it and amplifies noise; because noise enters SINDy's regression bottleneck linearly and PySR's discrimination channel superlinearly, the same transition can push the two methods in opposite directions, so deeper chaos is not uniformly better. Parameter-free mechanistic scores from this framework transfer without refitting to a held-out Lorenz-96 system, confirming mechanism rather than curve-fitting; a criterion read from the equations predicts when added chaos will not improve conditioning. We also introduce Soft F1, a coefficient-weighted structural metric that resolves performance differences invisible to binary-success and predictive scores. The first question of discovery is then not which algorithm, but what the attractor permits.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18645v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Gene regulatory network (GRN) models are widely used to investigate gene-expression dynamics in biological systems. evolutionary GRN model proposed by Kaneko (2007), which investigated the relationship between robustness to nongenetic phenotypic noise and robustness to mutation. We explicitly reconstruct the simulation protocol by specifying computational details omitted from the original study and reproduce its main qualitative findings, including the noise-dependent suppression of low-fitness individuals, the relationship between isogenic phenotypic variance and genetic variance, and the increased robustness of evolved networks under certain expression noise. We further analyze the robustness of evolved populations to variations in initial conditions. While the representative-network analysis shows quantitative differences from the original study, the population-level analysis supports the qualitative conclusion that evolution under higher phenotypic noise leads to broader basins of attraction. We provide a reusable implementation and publicly release the source code to support reproducibility and facilitate further studies on robustness in dynamical GRN models.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18858v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We address the existence, stability, and propagation dynamics of multipole solitons and vortex clusters in cubicquintic media subject to a harmonic trapping potential.We found that vortex clusters comprising N off centered vortices with alternating topological charges m equal to +(-)1, evenly distributed on a ring, can bifurcate from a multipole soliton for N less than or equal to 4 and from a second-order ring soliton for N greater than 4. Rigorous linear stability analysis, corroborated by direct numerical simulations, shows that upper branch vortex clusters with N equal to 2 and 4 remain stable over a wide range of the propagation constant. Thus, we reveal the formation mechanism of vortex clusters.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18872v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Systems of hard rods of equal length in a one-dimensional harmonic trap have been observed to exhibit peculiar non-ergodic behavior that might suggest the existence of a novel hidden conserved quantity beyond the two well known ones, i.e., the total energy and the center-of-mass energy. In this work, we investigate this possibility by systematically constraining the forms of the conserved quantities, and we rigorously rule out the existence of any extra hidden conserved quantity that is analytic in the positions and momenta of the rods involved. We do so by showing two key results: conservation during free motion demands the $U(1)$ invariance of these quantities under rotations of the position and momenta of each rod, and conservation during collisions demand an $S_N$ invariance under the permutation of the momenta of the rods as long as one of the rods have non-zero length. We then show that these conditions imply that any conserved quantity is functionally dependent on the two known conserved quantities. In addition, we show that in the special case where all rods have zero length (i.e., when they are point particles), conservation under collisions only requires invariance under a smaller $S_N$ group of permutations of the labels of the rods, which leads to a much larger set of analytic conserved quantities that we explicitly write down. In all, this rigorously clarifies the structure of conserved quantities in the hard rod problem, and motivates the application of such systematic methods to other classical systems.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18891v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate deterministic coarsening dynamics in a spatially extended bistable gene toggle model with diffusive coupling. Unlike classical curvature-driven coarsening, where domain walls move continuously and annihilate gradually, the present system exhibits a qualitatively different mechanism. The domain walls remain pinned for long intervals and disappear abruptly through collective cascade events. The density of domain walls decays approximately as $\rho(t)\sim t^{-\delta}$, but the coarsening exhibits clear log-periodic oscillations superimposed on the power-law behavior. For all values of the promoter strength $\alpha$ considered, the measured exponent satisfies $\delta<0.5$, indicating a systematic deviation from the classical Allen--Cahn prediction $\delta=1/2$ for curvature-driven coarsening. We show that log-periodic oscillations are not controlled by the density of domain walls, but by the \emph{domains that disappear} in each cascade. The average size of disappearing domains grows roughly linearly with cascade index, producing a constant geometric spacing of cascade times, consistent with discrete scale invariance.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18959v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate integrable exclusion Markov processes constructed from set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter Equation (YBE) that generalise the multi-species Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process (SSEP). We first introduce the process called the $ (p,1) $-SSEP that is analogous to the multi-species SSEP but with an extra particle species qualified as reactive. Reactive species are able to evaporate and condensate by pairs or to transform by pairs depending on the interpretation. We provide a full combinatorial study of the sectors in the periodic case. We prove the integrability of the process in the periodic case and in the open case for two types of boundaries that we introduce using Baxterisations of solutions of the reflection equation. Next we move on to the process called $ (p,q) $-SSEP, i.e. the multi-species SSEP with an arbitrary number of reactive particle species. We prove its integrability in the periodic case and, for the open case, we introduce integrable boundaries generalising the ones considered for the $ (p,1) $-SSEP. Finally, we define physical quantities relevant to the models and we compute them in the non-equilibrium stationary state of the open $ (p,q) $-SSEP for one type of integrable boundaries.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18995v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This three-part series establishes a parameter-free, topological classification of multi-field instability in granular continua, extending Maxwell's rigidity count to dynamic, non-equilibrium processes. Part 1 (Foundations): a discrete Volumetric-Mechanical-Configurational (VMC) contact formulation maps contact-scale topology to macroscopic multiphysics coupling. A Parity Theorem, $\det(\mathsf{L})=(-1)^N\det(\mathsf{L})$, forces a structural null-mode for every odd channel count $N$, creating "Gateway" layers of broken time-reversal symmetry; once the basis-invariant Gateway number $\mathcal{G}_{\rm inv}\geq 1$, gyroscopic pumping drives non-modal transient amplification along the null direction. Part 2 (analytical, 1-D spin chains): the minimal Gateway is the $N=3$ VMC contact, whose skew block $\mathsf{L}\in\mathfrak{so}(3)$ carries a persistent zero eigenvalue and an unresisted configurational drift that operates even without friction. In an acyclic chain (first Betti number $\beta_1=0$) this isolates dilatancy; closed-form solutions give secular drift for $N=3$ and harmonic confinement for $N=4$. Part 3 (numerical upscaling): quad-precision integration of tridiagonal skew-symmetric Onsager chains ($N=3$ to $50$) confirms the contrast between odd-$N$ secular drift and even-$N$ confinement on invariant tori, with even-chain frequencies scaling as $|\lambda_{\min}^{\rm even}|\sim\gamma\pi/N$. VMC channels map to measurable DEM observables, enabling parameter-free evaluation of $\mathcal{G}$ and four falsifiable oedometer protocols.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19090v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Chemistry describes aspects of the universe in terms of molecules and their reactions. In this exploratory work we present a way to describe aspects of any dynamical system in similar terms. To describe a dynamical system in this way three decisions have to be made. The first is how many different "places" there are at which molecules or chemical species can occur; the second is how to determine the species present (or not) at each place; and the third is the set of transitions and reactions that can occur between the species in the various places. For these choices to be compatible with the state update of the dynamical system each state must be able to determine transitions that take the currently occurring molecules to those occurring in the updated state. We also propose an additional requirement that there is always a unique way to choose the least amount of transitions occurring during state updates. We discuss gliders in the game of life cellular and argue that when following their definition of according to Randall Beer they satisfy the additional criterion as well. We also point out some issues with the approach.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19285v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We extend the previous compactifications of the fifth Painlev\'e foliation studying the behaviour of the leaves for the time parameter $t$ being equal to $0$ or $\infty$. In particular, we find, for each boundary component, a first integral of the Hamiltonian vector field, providing an explicit description of the foliation.
156h agoarXiv:2504.04788v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We theoretically investigate the dynamics of parametrically driven soliton crystals (PDSC) and their associated frequency combs in doubly resonant cavities with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. We show that, in a regime with strong pump--signal walk-off where the homogeneous state is unstable, noise-seeded dynamics relaxes toward stable, equally spaced multi-soliton states. At fixed detuning, the driving strength acts as the primary control parameter for the soliton number. Pump signal walkoff extends pump depletion from a local perturbation to a global constraint, enabling long-range soliton interactions; in combination with the pump phase, this mechanism stabilizes the crystal's equal spacing and preserves comb coherence. Additionally, we identify a novel nonlinear state in parametric soliton crystals in which circulating solitons periodically alternate their intensities and group velocities, a phenomenon we term the {\it soliton-pursuing} state. Furthermore, due to the phase-selective nature of the optical parametric process, we show how different configurations of soliton phases determine the optical frequency combs, enabling odd-harmonic and subharmonic-like combs.
156h agoarXiv:2507.20470v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This work present an affine map approximation for solving the inverse scattering problem related to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger model of signal propagation in high-speed coherent optical communication. Numerical simulations indicate that accurate recovery of the transmitted bit sequence can be achieved using only the continuous part of the Lax spectrum at the fiber output, thereby allowing the discrete (soliton) spectrum to be disregarded. We observed that the numerically evaluated rank of the resulting affine map matrix equals the number of bits per transmitted sequence, and we utilize this to derive a reduced order affine map.
156h agoarXiv:2602.18463v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The templex is a topological object bridging homologies and templates for chaotic dynamics. This article places the templex within category theory, introducing a directed path algebra, an edge operator on directed paths, and an equivalence relation for directed cycles that is distinct from directed homologies. The resulting functorial invariants are of two kinds: abelian-group invariants, namely the homology groups, and semigroup invariants, namely the generatex semigroups. These invariants are separable through forgetful functors and constitute a robust framework for identifying tipping points, disambiguating physical mechanisms, and benchmarking data-driven models against observations or simulations. The formulation sets forth a non-metric criterion for chaos from finite-time data and reveals that the concatenable nature of Topological Modes of Variability is a direct consequence of the semigroup structure of the directed path algebra. Two applications are presented: an experimental speech signal and a climatic numerical simulation.
156h agoarXiv:2605.04088v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Intrinsic channel noise is an important source of variability in neuronal dynamics, but its state-dependent and boundary-constrained nature can be difficult to represent numerically. Here, we investigate the effects of bounded multiplicative noise applied to the slow M-current gating variable in a five-dimensional conductance-based model of a CA1 pyramidal neuron. We employ a full-truncation semi-implicit Euler scheme to control boundary violations and perform Monte Carlo parameter sweeps, time-step checks, burst-detection sensitivity analyses, and conductance perturbations. In subthreshold regimes, noise induces firing and produces an intermediate-noise minimum in the coefficient of variation, consistent with coherence resonance. In the deep subthreshold regime, the burst rate exhibits moderate Arrhenius-like scaling over a restricted low-noise interval, supporting an interpretation in terms of noise-activated escape. Near the numerically identified onset of sustained oscillations, temporal coherence is particularly sensitive to noise intensity. In the suprathreshold regime, strong multiplicative noise accelerates firing through premature stochastic exits from the hyperpolarized recovery branch, although this behavior does not follow classical Kramers scaling. Control simulations using clipped additive Gaussian noise produce qualitatively different dynamics, indicating that the state dependence and boundary behavior of the diffusion term materially affect the observed transitions. The main trends remain robust under the tested variations in numerical resolution, burst-detection threshold, slow timescale, and M-current conductance. These results characterize model-specific effects of boundary-constrained channel noise and motivate future comparisons with discrete-state ion-channel models.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19195v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Using large deviations theory, we solve and obtain a general expression for the free energy functional for a broad class of associative memories, including dense associative memories. We illustrate the method by reproducing classical results for the Hopfield model. For a finite number of patterns, we derive the temperature-dependent free energy functional for dense associative memories featuring polynomial interactions and Log-Sum-Exponential (LSE) activation. We also evaluate the disorder-averaged ground-state energy of these systems in the extensive limit. Our analytical framework reveals how memory retrieval depends on the initial state in higher-order dense networks, and gives the exact full-retrieval threshold for the LSE model. This method provides a systematic procedure for analyzing diverse, complex architectures in associative memory.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18374v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In quantum error correction, the error threshold provides essential quantitative guidance for the ability to bring about fault-tolerance through decoding the effects of incoherent noise, weak measurement or inference. However, the numerical value of an error threshold is typically only accessible through large-scale numerical simulations of the underlying noise model. Here we introduce an analytical estimate of error thresholds falling into the Nishimori universality class via a Fourier--Walsh projection scheme that maps the critical point of the underlying disorder-free statistical-mechanics model to the Born-disordered Nishimori critical point. Using a minimal replica theory approach, this closed-form estimate is obtained from a projection of the exact replicated single-bond weight which we find to reproduce (within a percentage point) the known numerical thresholds of random-bond and random-plaquette Ising models / $\mathbb Z_2$ stabilizer codes in spatial dimensions $d=2-5$, and extends to Potts variables with $q\le4$. The main application of our projection scheme is to $\mathbb Z_q$ surface codes, whose decoding problem maps to the disordered $q$-state clock model. For $q\ge5$ the clean clock model has \textit{two} Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless transitions, which the projection maps to two Nishimori temperatures that bound an intermediate information-critical phase. The resulting threshold values not only accurately agree with recent decohered-$\mathbb Z_q$-toric-code numerics, but are found to satisfy the Gilbert--Varshamov self-dual entropy relation $\ln q \simeq H_q(T_1^\ast)+H_q(T_2^\ast),$ although no duality condition is imposed in the construction. Our approach thereby points to a deeper connection between the clean and Born-disordered models, while allowing for instant analytical estimates of error thresholds for a variety of stabilizer codes.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18388v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Highly excited quantum states at the critical boundary of ergodicity are known to deviate from thermal behavior, yet their dynamical properties remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover the complexity of quantum dynamics at criticality through the lens of intrinsic information compression in energy space. We show that the Hamiltonian spectrum can be systematically truncated, yielding a simplified description of the dynamics while preserving its essential features. Specifically, for both interacting and noninteracting systems, we demonstrate that a vanishing fraction of Hamiltonian eigenlevels suffices to reproduce the power-law decay of the survival probability. The resulting truncated spectrum exhibits a fractal structure characterized by a level-spacing distribution with a power-law tail, while its spectral form factor displays the same asymptotic power-law decay as the survival probability.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18394v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior is usually associated with strong electronic correlations, quantum criticality, or singular fluctuations that invalidate the quasiparticle picture. Quasicrystals are known to provide a fundamentally different route to such physics: their lack of translational symmetry gives rise to critical single-particle states and fragmented spectra even in the absence of electron-electron interactions. Here, we numerically study the NFL behaviors in quasicrystals with weak interactions. Using Penrose and Ammann--Beenker tilings as representative quasiperiodic systems, we analyze thermodynamic, magnetic, and transport properties within a weak-coupling perturbative framework. The Sommerfeld coefficient and magnetic susceptibility show anomalous temperature dependences governed by the singular energy dependence of the density of states near the Fermi level. The Wilson ratio reveals that low-temperature NFL behavior in quasicrystals is accompanied by enhanced spin fluctuations over a broad range of filling fractions, while its magnitude and temperature dependence vary sensitively with filling fraction. The self-energy shows anomalous scaling and a finite residual scattering rate, indicating the breakdown of quasiparticles. Our site-resolved analysis reveals a pronounced enhancement of the residual scattering rate in regions with a high local density of states. These results serve as a guide to analyze experimental data for quasicrystals and to identify the microscopic mechanism of the NFL behaviors.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18769v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the dc magnetoconductivity of two-dimensional Dirac cones and gapped nodal rings (GNRs) subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field, which quantises the electronic spectrum into Landau levels (LLs). Working in the ultraquantum limit, where only the lowest LL (LLL) is partially occupied, we employ the Kubo--Bastin formalism to compute the transport coefficients for pointlike, Gaussian, and Yukawa impurity-potentials. For the Dirac case, the longitudinal conductivity is field-independent for pointlike impurities and a monotonic function of $B$ for the Gaussian and Yukawa potentials, while the Hall conductivity vanishes identically owing to the particle-hole symmetry of the two neighbouring LLs. The GNR case is qualitatively different: its non-monotonic stretched-checkmark LL spectrum causes the effective LLL to migrate to successively lower indices as the field increases, producing a pronounced oscillatory structure in both conductivities. The longitudinal response develops resonant peaks at LLL degeneracies, while the Hall conductivity traces out a sawtooth pattern with sharp zero-crossings at these same points. These results establish distinct transport fingerprints for the two systems in the extreme quantum limit, and provide a theoretical framework for interpreting magnetotransport experiments on GNRs.
156h agoarXiv:2607.18977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many real-world systems can be modelled as complex networks whose collective behaviour is governed by hidden interactions between nodes. Existing methods for inferring these interactions typically require controlled perturbations, time-resolved observations or multiple independent snapshots, all of which are often unavailable in practice. Here we show that class-based coupling strengths can be inferred from a single snapshot of node states when the system is observed close to a relative equilibrium. In this regime, all nodes share a common velocity, which can be absorbed into an effective class bias, transforming the inverse problem into a homogeneous linear system. The coefficients of this linear system are determined entirely by the observed local neighbourhoods and their coupling mechanism, enabling the application to arbitrary known coupling functions. We validate the approach on three different linear and nonlinear dynamical systems, recovering relative class-based couplings and, in special cases, absolute couplings. These results show that spatial heterogeneity can substitute for temporal sampling, enabling single-snapshot inference of hidden coupling strengths in networked dynamical systems.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19221v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the statistical properties of random quadrangular surfaces generated by different randomization procedures: the Gruzberg-Kl\"umper-Nuding-Sedrakyan (GKNS) construction, and two newly introduced generalizations of dynamical triangulations (DT), dynamical (DQ) and general quadrangulations (GQ). We formulate these surfaces within a unified graph-theoretic framework and establish the relationships between the elementary operations defining the different ensembles. For GKNS surfaces, we demonstrate that the construction is equivalent to two mutually constrained percolation processes and determine the associated critical point and critical exponents, revealing deviations from ordinary percolation. For DQ and GQ, we analyze the underlying Markov chains and determine the scaling of mixing and relaxation times. We further analyze all three ensembles through their degree distributions, degree correlations, distance statistics, and Hausdorff dimensions. While DQ exhibits exponentially decaying degree distributions and geometric properties similar to DT, GKNS and GQ display broad, scale-free degree distributions. Moreover, GKNS surfaces possess an asymptotic Hausdorff dimension $\Delta_H\approx 2$, whereas DQ and GQ approach $\Delta_H\approx 4$, similarly to DT. This indicates that DQ is compatible with the universal behavior of DT, while GKNS and GQ define distinct classes of random geometry, implying a different underlying measure in the space of random surfaces and a possible geometric framework for a new class of noncritical string theories.
156h agoarXiv:2607.19278v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose a mechanism for fast and efficient quantum transport through disordered networks with variable on-site energies, inspired by photosynthetic complexes. The mechanism relies on an interplay between inter-site couplings of the network and driving by external vibrations. Two design principles are shown to ensure close-to-perfect transport despite the disorder, namely a reflection symmetry in Floquet-Hilbert space and the existence of a dominant doublet or triplet of Floquet states.
156h agoarXiv:2505.03925v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Motivated by recent advances in the realization of Truchet-tiling structures in molecular networks and metal-organic frameworks, we investigate the wave localization issue in this kind of structure. We introduce an electron model based on random Truchet tilings-square lattices with randomly oriented diagonal links-and uncover a rich interplay between spectral and localization phenomena. By varying the strength of diagonal couplings, we demonstrate successive transitions from an extended phase, through a regime with a mobility edge, to a fully localized phase. The energy-resolved fractal dimension analysis captures the emergence and disappearance of mobility edges, while an anomalous shift and asymmetry in the van Hove singularity are identified as key signatures of the underlying disordered Truchet-tiling structure. Our findings position Truchet-tiled electron systems as a versatile platform for engineering disorder-driven localization and interaction effects in amorphous quantum materials and photonic architectures.
156h agoarXiv:2509.16555v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Combining lattice model simulations with a field theory study of effective theories, we investigate the nature of the Anderson transition in chiral symmetry classes with one-dimensional (1D) weak topology. In the simulation study, we extend previous transfer matrix analyses to the chiral symplectic class, and study numerical Lyapunov exponents via a finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis that assumes spatially isotropic scaling. The analysis shows that, as in the other two chiral symmetry classes, the weak topology induces an intermediate quasi-localized (QL) phase between metal and Anderson insulator phases. In this QL phase, the localization length of wave functions diverges exclusively along the direction of the 1D weak topology. In the field theory study, we revisit and extend our previous two-dimensional (2D) renormalization group (RG) analysis to all three chiral classes, now newly incorporating a one-loop renormalization of the weak topological term in the analysis. The revised analysis reveals that a quasi-localized strong-coupling fixed point previously reported in the chiral unitary class is unstable under this new inclusion; instead, the strong-coupling phase is entirely governed by a stable fixed point with conventional localized character. Nevertheless, in the chiral unitary and chiral symplectic classes, the RG analysis still yields the hallmark of the 1D weak topology through the spatially anisotropic scaling of the Anderson transition criticality. These theoretical findings suggest that the quasi-localized phase observed numerically in 2D models may be an artifact of the spatially isotropic scaling assumption in the FSS analysis. A conclusive numerical identification of this phase therefore requires a finite-size scaling approach that accommodates generic (anisotropic) spatial scaling.
156h agoarXiv:2604.12759v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study localization and flat-band formation in lattices generated by repeated bond inflation of square, honeycomb, and triangular parent lattices. Replacing each bond by a finite tight-binding chain produces several distinct classes of flat bands: chain-induced flat bands at the eigenenergies of the inserted chains, symmetry-protected zero-energy flat bands in bipartite bond-inflated lattices, and nearly flat junction bands near the spectral edges for sufficiently long chains. We analyze these mechanisms for ordered Lieb-$L$, super$^{L}$honeycomb, and super$^{L}$triangular lattices, and examine their response to bond disorder, site disorder, random magnetic flux, and randomness in the inflation process itself. While bond and site disorder broaden most flat bands, the zero-energy chiral band and the junction-induced flat bands remain robust under certain perturbations. Remarkably, substantial flat-band features also persist in randomly bond-inflated graphs, even in the absence of translational symmetry. In particular, the number of zero-energy states is found to be well estimated by the matching deficiency $N-2\nu(G)$, indicating that local tree-like structure continues to control the low-energy nullity. These results identify bond-inflated lattices as a broad class of systems in which geometry alone generates robust localization in both ordered and random settings.
156h agoarXiv:2604.18523v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The spiked Wigner ensemble is a prototypical model for high-dimensional inference. We study the spectral properties of an inhomogeneous rank-one spiked Wigner model in which the variance of each entry of the noise matrix is itself a random variable. In the high-dimensional limit, we derive exact equations for the spectral edges, the outlier eigenvalue, and the distribution of the components of the outlier eigenvector. These equations determine the BBP transition line that separates the gapped phase, where the signal is detectable, from the gapless phase. In the gapped regime, the distribution of the outlier eigenvector provides a natural estimator of the spike. We solve the equations for a noise matrix whose variances are generated from a truncated power-law distribution. In this case, the BBP transition line is non-monotonic, showing that an inhomogeneous noise can enhance signal detectability.
156h agoarXiv:2506.01915v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ultracold alkaline-earth atoms and molecules now enable experimental realizations of SU(N)-symmetric Fermi-Hubbard models, yet theoretical understanding of these systems, particularly at finite doping remains limited. Here we investigate the strong-coupling limit of the $SU(3)$ symmetric Fermi-Hubbard model on the triangular lattice across the full doping range. Using a three-flavor extension of Gutzwiller-projected hidden fermion determinant states (G-HFDS), a neural network based variational ansatz, we analyze two- and three-point spin-spin and spin-spin-hole correlations of the $SU(3)$ Cartan generators. We further study the structure of a pair of doped holes for large periodic systems, and compare our results to the paradigmatic $SU(2)$ square lattice equivalent, finding strikingly similar magnetic correlations, non-s-wave pairing symmetry, and enhanced binding energies. Our results provide a foundation for future exploration of doped SU(N) Mott insulators, providing valuable insights for both theoretical developments and quantum simulation experiments.
156h agoarXiv:2603.10815v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In interacting quantum many-body systems, relaxation toward equilibrium reflects a competition between internal chaotic dynamics and environmental dissipation. While conventional Markovian baths typically produce exponential decay, non-Markovian dissipation can give rise to more intricate behavior, including algebraic relaxation. We study an open Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model coupled to a pseudogapped fermionic bath, using the Keldysh formalism to compute steady-state correlations in the large-$N$ limit. Our results uncover a rich dynamical phase diagram, with regimes of bath-driven power-law relaxation, chaos-driven exponential decay, and an intermediate pre-relaxation phase where exponential decay crosses over to algebraic decay. These findings demonstrate that non-Markovian environments can qualitatively reshape relaxation mechanisms in strongly correlated quantum many-body systems.
156h agoarXiv:2604.07867v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Autoregressive generative models -- including Transformers, recurrent neural networks, classical Kalman filters, state space models, and Mamba -- all generate sequences by sampling each output from a deterministic summary of the past, producing genuinely non-Markovian observed processes. We develop a general theoretical framework based on stochastic thermodynamics for this class of architectures and introduce the entropy production, which can be efficiently estimated from sampled trajectories without exponential sampling cost, despite the non-Markovian nature of the observed dynamics. As a proof-of-concept experiment with a large language model (LLM), we evaluate the entropy production for a pre-trained Transformer-based model, GPT-2. We find that the token-level entropy production is dominated by a syntactic artifact, while the sentence-level entropy production tends to be larger for causally ordered than for non-causal text sets. This observation is supported by a re-evaluation with a substantially larger model, Qwen3-4B-Base. We also demonstrate the framework in the linear Gaussian case, where the model reduces to the Kalman innovation representation and the entropy production admits an analytical expression. We also show that the entropy production decomposes exactly into non-negative per-step contributions in terms of retrospective inference, and each of those terms further splits into information-theoretically meaningful terms: a compression loss and a model mismatch. Our results establish a bridge between stochastic thermodynamics and modern generative models, and provide a starting point for using irreversibility as a quantitative probe of the highly non-Markovian processes generated by models such as LLMs.
156h agoarXiv:2605.03043v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: To what extent do individual eigenstates encode information about their parent Hamiltonian, and how does this encoding vary across the spectrum? We introduce \emph{learnability} as a new framework to quantify this information, measured by the precision with which a machine learning model can reconstruct a Hamiltonian from a limited set of eigenstates. For many-body quantum systems, there is a contrast between the eigenstates near the spectral edges (low-entanglement, highly-structured states) and those far from the spectral edges (high-entanglement, near-random states). Using an encoder-decoder neural network for a non-integrable spin chain, we show that this dichotomy results in a stark difference in learnability: spectral-edge eigenstates allow for higher-accuracy Hamiltonian reconstruction using significantly fewer eigenstates, compared to mid-spectrum eigenstates. Our results provide a new lens through which to view the spectral structure of many-body systems.
156h agoarXiv:2607.02157v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Quantum reservoir computing provides a framework for processing complex temporal data, yet its fundamental computational and energetic limits remain unresolved. Here, we establish a non-equilibrium thermodynamic framework that links the macroscopic predictive performance of driven open quantum systems to their microscopic energetic costs. By mapping Holevo capacities onto the Bogoliubov-Kubo-Mori geometric manifold, we analytically prove that the computational peak within the quantum critical region originates from a spectral resonance: the closing of the intrinsic energy gap forces the reservoir's internal transition frequencies to align with the chaotic drive. To evaluate the associated thermodynamic costs, we introduce quantum informational dissipation to quantify the non-predictive historical data retained by the reservoir. This allows us to derive a generalized Landauer bound for continuous temporal processing, which reveals a fundamental thermodynamic trade-off: the critical resonance that maximizes predictive capacity simultaneously maximizes informational dissipation and the irreversible work required for environmental erasure. Furthermore, coherence decomposition demonstrates that quantum coherences amplify predictive capacity without demanding additional mechanical work. These findings establish the fundamental energetic limits of quantum learning devices, providing theoretical principles for designing energy-efficient quantum neuromorphic hardware.
156h agoarXiv:2607.14384v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A central question in quantum information theory is the circuit complexity of states arising from standard many-body models. We study this question for quantum $p$-spin glasses, random Hamiltonians whose interactions act on $p$-tuples of qubits through Pauli strings. Anschuetz, Gamarnik, and Kiani (arXiv:2404.07231) showed that the optimum energy is separated from the best energy achievable by product states. This leaves open whether shallow circuits can close the gap, since even depth-one circuits can generate entanglement. We show that the entanglement needed to close the product-state gap cannot be generated at shallow depth. When the average interaction degree grows with $n$, we prove that, for all sufficiently large fixed $p$, any circuit preparing an $n$-qubit state whose normalized energy is within a fixed positive constant of the optimum must have depth $\Omega_p(\log n)$. In the bounded-average-degree regime, we prove a fixed-depth obstruction: for every fixed $D$, a sufficiently large degree prefactor rules out depth-$D$ preparation of near-ground states. Both results hold uniformly over circuits with an arbitrary number of ancilla qubits. Our results give an obstruction in the spirit of the No Low-Energy Trivial States problem of Freedman and Hastings (arXiv:1301.1363), but for random quantum spin glasses rather than code-based Hamiltonians such as those of Anshu, Breuckmann, and Nirkhe (arXiv:2206.13228), whose ground states admit polynomial-size preparation circuits. This setting opens a probabilistic route to NLTS-like questions: we recast state-preparation lower bounds for random quantum Hamiltonians as uniform control of Gaussian processes indexed by shallow circuits.
156h agoarXiv:2607.14827v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate prediction of the Born effective charge (BEC) tensor is crucial for modeling materials under electric fields but remains computationally expensive. To bridge this gap, we present SevenNet-Polar, an equivariant graph neural network framework based on the SevenNet architecture for fast and accurate BEC predictions. Our BEC-only predictors can achieve an RMSE as low as 0.0043 e on ZrO$_2$, Li$_3$PO$_4$, and perovskites, despite the presence of high-temperature (up to 2,000 K) and defect-laden training data. Our all-in-one multitask models for predicting energy, forces, stress, and BEC in ZrO$_2$ and Li$_3$PO$_4$ achieve high accuracy with an RMSE of 1.0 meV/atom for energy, 12 meV/angstrom for forces, 0.05 GPa for stress, and 0.0029 e for BEC. BEC accuracy is not degraded by multitask training. Scaling analysis reveals distinct exponents for diagonal and off-diagonal BEC components, both of which exhibit less favorable scaling than energy, force and stress errors. SevenNet-Polar generalizes robustly when tested on scenarios containing structural environments absent from the training set, such as along nudged elastic band (NEB) trajectories or grain boundaries in ZrO$_2$. Accelerated by FlashTP, SevenNet-Polar enables simulations containing up to 1.5 million atoms on multi-GPU supercomputers and up to approximately 15,000 atoms on a single consumer-grade GPU. This makes charge-aware molecular dynamics simulations under electric fields more accessible.
156h agoAs illustrated by Marcel Proust's madeleine, childhood olfactory autobiographical memory carries a stronger positive emotional valence than memories associated with other senses. However, little is known about its content or the conditions of encoding and maintenance. Here, we asked 647 participants to freely recall and characterize their earliest childhood olfactory memory. We found that this memory is typically encoded around age six, involves pleasant odors embedded within rich multisensory contexts, and retains a strong positive emotional valence despite age-related declines in some experiential qualities. The most frequently reported scenes took place at home, in the presence of the mother, and were predominantly associated with food-related odors, although natural-vegetation odors were also commonly reported. By contrast, the non-olfactory memory is encoded earlier, visually dominated, less multisensory, less pleasant, and more frequently associated with institutional settings and friends. These findings characterize childhood olfactory memory and highlight its distinctive content among autobiographical memories.
156h agoPhasic dopamine signalling updates the value of stimuli and actions. Most empirical support for this critical process involves manipulation of extrinsic stimuli (e.g., reward magnitude, reward omission). Yet interoceptive signals clearly influence motivated behaviour. Sodium depletion generates a sodium appetite where the value of sodium increases. How the value of sodium is updated during ingestion and as animals satiate their need remains unknown. Here, we administered sodium chloride solutions via intraoral delivery and measured appetitive behaviour and dopamine release in sodium replete and deplete rats. Two different concentrations of sodium chloride were used to modulate the rate of repletion for sodium deplete rats. Appetitive behaviour was evoked by infusions only when rats were deplete, and this behavioural motif faded away during the session only when high concentration infusions were delivered. Phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens had a similar pattern. We identified transition points for both behaviour and dopamine in the subgroup of rats that reached satiation and found that transitions were sharp, with dopamine decreasing just before behaviour. Moreover, transitions occurred only after enough sodium was infused to replace that typically lost upon depletion. These findings demonstrate that mesolimbic dopamine dynamically updates the value of taste stimuli based on interoceptive signals that relay satiation.
156h agoComparisons are fundamental to science: experiment against model, one organism against another, a system against itself across time. Because many systems, from brains to climate, are characterized by how they evolve in time, it is a natural goal to compare their dynamics. Dynamical systems comparison is well defined, but has been intractable for nonlinear, high-dimensional, noisy, and partially observed data. As a result, standard comparison metrics have focused on the geometry or topology of data.Here we present Dynamical Similarity Analysis (DSA), a class of methods to compare systems by their temporal evolution. Its foundation is Koopman Operator theory, which recasts nonlinear systems as linear operators. We estimate these operators from data, then compare the operators across systems. The computation is fast, scalable, and robust to noise and partial observation. It is also differentiable. DSA identifies dynamical structure that geometric and topological methods miss. It matches recordings from the head direction circuit to ring attractor models. It shows that macaque motor cortex dynamics for two reaching tasks drift apart across years despite preserved behavior, and that primary motor cortex breaks from premotor cortex as movement begins. As an optimization objective, it induces neural networks to learn never-before hypothesized solutions that run counter to their inductive biases. Thus, DSA transforms the dynamics of a system into an object that can be measured, compared, and optimized.
156h agoSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes hemorrhage and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption, allowing blood-derived molecules to infiltrate the parenchyma. While immunoglobulins (Ig) are abundant plasma proteins, their distribution and cellular targets within the injured spinal cord remain poorly defined. Here, we show that circulating non-autoimmune immunoglobulins rapidly infiltrate the spinal cord after injury in mice and disseminate beyond the lesion core. IgG, IgM, and IgA accumulate within the parenchyma early post-injury, with IgG displaying the widest spatial distribution, reaching distant spinal segments within hours. Neurons are the predominant cell type internalizing immunoglobulins in the gray matter, whereas astrocytes exhibit moderate uptake in white matter. Intra-cisterna magna administration of fluorescent serum-derived IgG reveals that neurons and astrocytes internalize IgG under physiological conditions, independently of Fc receptor engagement. Although the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has minimal impact on CNS IgG recycling, its genetic deletion significantly improves locomotor recovery after SCI. Both in vitro and in vivo, neurons clear IgG through lysosomal degradation. Following SCI, inhibition of lysosomal proteases with the clinically approved drug E64d increases CNS IgG retention without compromising locomotor recovery. These findings establish neurons as key targets of circulating immunoglobulins after CNS injury and reveal IgG uptake and clearance pathways that may be leveraged to improve therapeutic performance of monoclonal antibody treatments.
156h agoParkinson's disease is predominantly characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration linked to toxic aggregation of -synuclein. Genipin, a bioactive iridoid, was previously shown to improve the motility and survival deficits caused by pan-neuronal expression of native -synuclein in a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model system. We show that expression of -synuclein causes sleep deficits and that genipin treatment rescued these sleep deficits, increasing total sleep and consolidating nighttime sleep relative to untreated -synuclein--xpressing fruit flies. Our findings extend genipin'ss protective profile in Drosophila melanogaster and highlight sleep regulation as an additional phenotype responsive to -synuclein--targeted interventions.
156h agoCigarette smoking remains one of the most important preventable causes of premature death worldwide. However, the mechanisms sustaining nicotine dependence and relapse are incompletely understood, particularly the role of impulsive action in persistent tobacco use. Dopamine D1 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors both regulate nicotine-related behavior, but whether they contribute differently to nicotine-motivated responding and nicotine-induced impulsive action is unclear. The present study examined the effects of D1 receptor blockade and stimulation in male and female rats trained to self-administer nicotine intravenously in a Go/No-Go task. Nicotine was available during Go periods but not during No-Go periods, and impulsive action was measured as the percentage of active lever responses during No-Go periods. The D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 reduced nicotine intake and active lever responding during Go periods and affected the percentage of active lever responses during No-Go periods. However, SCH23390 also reduced inactive lever responding, so its effect on impulsive action could not be separated from a general reduction in operant output. In contrast, the D1 receptor agonist A77636 reduced nicotine intake and Go-period responding without affecting No-Go responding, indicating that D1 receptor stimulation reduced nicotine-motivated responding without altering impulsive action. Rats showed greater No-Go responding during nicotine self-administration than during saline self-administration, indicating that nicotine increased impulsive action rather than general operant responding. The non-selective nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine reduced nicotine-motivated responding and decreased No-Go responding, indicating reduced impulsive action. These findings suggest that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling plays a major role in nicotine-induced impulsive action, whereas D1 receptor signaling contributes more clearly to nicotine-motivated responding. D1 receptor agonism may reduce nicotine-motivated behavior without affecting nicotine-induced impulsive action.
156h agoIntronic GGGGCC repeat expansions in C9orf72 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This expansion supports a non-canonical form of translational initiation known as repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation to produce toxic dipeptide repeat proteins that contribute to neurodegeneration. Here, we find that the efficiency of RAN translation and its dependency on the 5' 7-methylguanosine mRNA cap are variable across cell types, with both rodent neurons and human iNeurons favoring cap-independent RAN translation from two distinct repeats (CGG and GGGGCC) across multiple reading frames. Treatment with an eIF4E inhibitor that blocks global cap-dependent translation enhances RAN translation specifically in neurons. Intriguingly, cap-independent RAN translation exhibits less reliance on near-cognate codons for initiation than cap-dependent RAN translation. This finding led us to identify a surprising global increase in start codon stringency in neurons as a contributor to the relatively higher cap-independent RAN translation in this cell type. This effect correlates with a cytoplasmic redistribution of eIF1 in neurons and is reversed with neuronal overexpression of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5, which relaxes start codon stringency and selectively enhances cap-dependent RAN translation. Taken together, these findings reveal several neuron-specific features of translational regulation that favor cap-independent RAN translation with implications for nucleotide repeat expansion disorder pathogenesis and neuronal translational regulation.
156h agoFunctional activity in response to increasing task difficulty (BOLD-modulation) in regions of the default mode network (DMN/task-negative) and multiple demand network (MDN/task-positive) shows age-related decline, which is associated with reduced cognitive performance. While BOLD-modulation in the DMN begins to decline in middle-age, white matter structural connectivity declines earlier in MDN regions. We conjecture that to maintain executive function (EF) performance with aging, altered BOLD-modulation in DMN during task engagement serves as a compensatory reaction to structural decline in MDN. To test this possibility, functionally-guided tractography was applied in 160 healthy adults aged 20-94 to locate white matter connecting MDN and/or DMN regions that were active during a distance judgement paradigm. Specifically, analyses examined the effects of 1) age on white matter tracts (fractional anisotropy; FA); 2) structure-function association between FA and BOLD-modulation; and 3) age, positive/negative BOLD-modulation, and quadratic FA on EF. Age-related decline was found in one MDN tract (U-shaped tract) and a significant structure-function association was found in inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Additionally, an interaction effect between quadratic frontal-insular (U-shaped) tract FA, age, and positive/negative BOLD-modulation was found for inhibition performance, supporting the hypothesis of compensatory functional activity effects on executive function for older adults with altered white matter microstructure.
156h agoAnimals may fail to respond to reliable sensory stimuli because of noise in the neural circuits or modulation by internal states. In locusts, looming-evoked jump escape response (JER) fails in ~40% of trials, and this failure correlates with multiplexed features of the descending contralateral movement detector's (DCMD) response. Using Hieroglyphus banian, we show that these failures arise from a competing behavioral state, grooming. A light-to-dark transition (LDT) in the JER assay induced prolonged grooming and suppressed JER. Reducing the amplitude of this transition decreased grooming and rescued JER. Electro-mechanical induction of grooming was sufficient to cause JER failure. The grooming state induced by either LDT or electro-mechanical stimulation reduced looming-evoked DCMD responses through divisive gain modulation. Grooming was rare under natural field conditions. Thus, behavioral failures can arise from internal state modulation driven by unobserved stimulus history, rather than stochastic noise in the nervous system.
156h agoRationale: Adaptive behavior requires revising existing memories when outcomes deviate from expectations. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in representing outcome expectancies, but its role in memory-updating, beyond value-based learning, remains unclear. Objectives: Here, we tested whether the ventrolateral OFC (VLO) contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory-updating in the Objects in Updated Locations (OUL) task, where novelty-driven exploration signals successful updating of spatial information. Methods: Using inhibitory DREADDs, in male and female (Swiss Webster and C57BL/6) mice, we suppressed VLO activity during the Updating session, when new object-location information was presented. Results: Control mice preferentially explored the newly updated location whereas VLO-inhibited mice failed to show this preference during Updating and again at Test. Critically, VLO inhibition when no updating demand was present did not impair novelty preference or memory for original spatial configurations at Test, indicating preserved novelty detection and retrieval abilities. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that VLO activity is selectively required when novelty must be interpreted relative to prior experience, further implicating this region in evaluating change rather than detecting it. To determine whether these impairments reflected a deficit in memory-updating beyond altered salience attribution, we tagged neuronal ensembles in the dorsal dentate gyrus recruited during Updating, followed by quantification of overlap between Updating-tagged cells and ensembles reactivated at Test. We found that behavioral deficits were correlated with reduced ensemble overlap, indicating that VLO activity supports memory-updating at the hippocampal engram level. These findings extend OFC models beyond reward contexts and identify a cortical contribution to predictive spatial memory processes.
156h agoFriedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cerebellar and proprioceptive neurons that control movement and coordination. In most patients, FRDA is caused by homozygous GAA trinucleotide repeat expansions in the first intron of the frataxin (FXN) gene, resulting in reduced expression of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein essential for biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters and mitochondrial function. Although recent therapeutic advances have provided modest clinical benefit, effective disease-modifying treatments remain lacking. Increasing evidence indicates that microglial cell dysfunction contributes to FRDA pathogenesis, highlighting these cells as potential therapeutic targets. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FXN-deficient microglial dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we show that microglia generated from FRDA patient-derived iPSCs exhibit a cell-autonomous pro-inflammatory phenotype in the absence of exogenous inflammatory stimuli. This phenotype is characterized by coordinated activation of immune transcriptional programs, dysregulated secretion of neuroinflammatory proteins, impaired autophagy-lysosomal function, and activation of inflammasomes pathways involving NLRP2 and NLRP3. These findings demonstrate that FXN deficiency is sufficient to induce intrinsic microglial activation and identify molecular pathways that may represent attractive targets for future FRDA therapies.
156h agoMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of central nervous system (CNS) injury and is often characterized by persistent neuroinflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and oxidative stress. Repetitive injuries compound these pathologies and lead to multifocal axonal injuries and long-term functional deficits. Despite the prevalence of mTBIs, the cellular mechanisms that facilitate or prevent recovery following injury remain poorly defined. Here, we extend our previous work on the role of the protein transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in CNS injury and we hypothesize that transcriptional regulation by TG2 restricts metabolic versatility in astrocytes following TBI, thereby impairing neuronal energetic support and worsening pathological outcomes. We utilized an established weight-drop model of repetitive mTBI followed by multi-parametric analysis of TBI pathology in complete TG2 knockout (TG2-/-) and wild type mice. At 28 days post-injury, TG2-/- mice showed marked attenuation of TBI pathology, compared to wild type mice, in vulnerable white matter and default mode network (DMN) regions, as assessed by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI, and immunohistochemistry. Integrated epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling of cortical astrocytes isolated 28 days after injury revealed a pronounced metabolic restriction in wild type astrocytes which was remarkably attenuated in the TG2-/- mice. This rescue was associated with a de-repression of gene networks involved in glutamate recycling, lipid metabolism, and metabolic homeostasis. Together, these studies provide novel mechanistic insights into the metabolic dysregulation that characterizes persistent TBI pathology, and establish a foundation for evaluating TG2 as a therapeutic target for TBI.
156h agoGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour and is frequently accompanied by severe neurological symptoms, including epilepsy and cognitive impairment. Neurological symptoms often persist after surgical resection, indicating that GBM induces durable and self-sustaining changes in the surrounding neuronal networks. However, the mechanisms by which GBM reshapes network structure and function in the tumour periphery remain poorly understood. We present a compartmentalised in vitro platform enabling long-term co-culture of iPSC-derived neurons and primary GBM cells to investigate these changes. Placed on high-density microelectrode arrays, the platform permits longitudinal electrophysiological recordings at single-neuron resolution. Using effective network inference, we find that GBM drives a reproducible structural progression: first toward a hyperconnected, hub-dominated architecture, then a collapse of community structure accompanied by a widespread neuron loss. This evolving structure shapes population dynamics, constraining features such as network burst rate and instantaneous synchrony. The reorganisation also carries computational consequences: signal propagation becomes progressively redundant and synergistic rather than unique. As a result, neurons lose the capacity to encode distinct input combinations independently, and the repertoire of accessible network states contracts. Together, these findings reframe GBM as a driver of neuronal network reorganisation rather than uniform hyperexcitability, and establish a compartmentalised, single-neuron-resolution platform for the longitudinal observation, dissection, and ultimately targeting of the network processes that underlie disease progression.
156h agoThe hypothalamus orchestrates endocrine function via specialized neuronal populations that interface with the pituitary gland. While postnatal circuit refinement is a hallmark of most neural systems, its contribution to hypothalamic neuroendocrine networks remains elusive. Among these populations, tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons of the arcuate nucleus are the primary source of tonic inhibition of prolactin (Prl), a hormone essential for reproduction, parental physiology, and behavior. While Prl levels surge during early mouse postnatal life, it remains unclear whether the TIDA system is fully developed at birth or undergoes functional maturation. Here, we combined immunofluorescence, slice electrophysiology, and Ca2+ imaging to determine the development of TIDA neurons in mice during the first three postnatal weeks. Expression of dopaminergic markers was sparse at birth but rose substantially after the first week, followed by the onset of median eminence innervation by TIDA axons. Moreover, TIDA firing rate and oscillation frequency progressively increased with age, with action potential properties and rhythmicity maturing in tandem. Strikingly, local network parameters remained stable despite ongoing changes in single-cell properties, as did excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. These neuronal adaptations paralleled a significant rise in circulating Prl levels. Together, our results delineate a multi-level developmental program within the TIDA system, encompassing molecular, electrophysiological, and endocrine changes. This maturation likely underlies the emergence of functional hypothalamic control over Prl secretion in early life and points to a coordinated controller-effector co-development. Our findings highlight a critical window during which TIDA neuron plasticity may influence long-term neuroendocrine function and reproductive behavior.
160h agoThe synaptic tagging and capture (STC) hypothesis explains how early-phase plasticity is converted into its late phase through the coincidence of synaptic tagging and plasticity-related protein (PRP) availability. Yet the biophysical basis of this process remains poorly understood. Based on the hypothesis that the interaction of actin and spine geometry implement the synaptic tag, we here investigate the associated PRP capture mechanism. We propose that capture is implemented by PSD remodelling which is gated by local membrane curvature at the PSD periphery. Using computational modelling, we show that curvature variations around the PSD that arise from long-term potentiation (LTP) inducing stimuli indeed enable a PSD growth, reproducing late-phase potentiation and the maintenance of structural LTP. We further explore how the timing of PRP availability relative to tag formation and the initial spine size determine the extent of PSD enlargement, yielding outcomes consistent with experimental findings. Hence, our results support a structural interpretation of synaptic tagging and capture in which a transient, actin-driven geometric state of the spine encodes the tag, and curvature-mediated PRP recruitment stabilises synaptic changes, and thus render spine geometry as a key biophysical regulator of memory consolidation.
160h agoPrimary sensory cortices often organize neurons with similar stimulus preference into spatially functional maps. Recent work in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) has established that neuronal tuning to the orientation of visual grating stimuli is organized into `micro-clusters', where physically close neuron pairs (~ 20$ um) share highly similar orientation preferences, but the organization is unstructured beyond this narrow range. This fine-scale organization is seemingly at odds with the underlying intracortical circuitry in mouse V1 whose spatial extent is an order of magnitude broader (100 ~ 200 um). In this study, we explore an activity-dependent synaptic plasticity model of spatially structured thalamo-cortical connectivity. We develop theory under asymptotic conditions specific for mouse V1, and derive concrete circuit conditions under which `micro-clusters' naturally develop. In particular, the recurrent interaction among V1 neurons requires an additional component over a `micro'-spatial scale, while the spatial profiles of balanced excitation and inhibition support an effective `micro'-scale interaction. Together, our results provide a developmental mechanism and analytical framework linking thalamo-cortical development, recurrent circuit structure, and the emergence of functional organization in primary visual cortex.
164h agoNearly five decades ago, it was first observed that long-term memory consolidation requires waves of transcriptional activity and protein synthesis, with the first two waves occurring within hours after learning. While numerous studies have examined the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors, the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in these waves remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to determine the role of HDAC3, a key modulator of memory, in these two phases of gene expression, as well as its functional link with the transcription factor NF-{kappa}B, one of its deacetylation targets, and a critical player in memory formation. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC3 with RGFP966, either immediately or 6 hours after training, enhanced memory persistence in the NOR task in mice. Conversely, inhibition of NF-kB with BAY 11-7082 impaired memory at the same time points. Moreover, RGFP966 injection increased the nuclear proportion of NF-{kappa}B in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, suggesting a functional link between HDAC3 activity and NF-{kappa}B nuclear translocation. To our knowledge, this study provides the first in vivo evidence of this relationship during memory consolidation, extending previous findings from cell culture and electrophysiological studies in brain slices.
164h agoUnderstanding the neural basis of human cognition requires measuring not only localized brain activity but also how functional interactions between brain regions change in response to different cognitive demands. Event-related fMRI is an efficient design for linking trial-wise behavioral and computational variables to brain activity, but comparable methods for examining their effects on functional connectivity remain limited. Here, we develop beta-PPI (beta-series psychophysiological interaction), a method that leverages single-trial response estimates from even-related fMRI to quantify how trial-wise variables modulate functional connectivity. This task-based functional connectivity method provides a flexible approach for studying functional connectivity for event-related fMRI designs. We evaluated beta-PPI using comprehensive simulations across several experimental conditions and signal qualities. Beta-PPI can sensitively detect ground-truth effects and exhibited good parameter recovery. Compared with generalized psychophysiological interaction, beta-PPI achieved comparable performance across most conditions while demonstrating improved statistical power under lower signal-to-noise conditions. We further validated beta-PPI using empirical event-related fMRI data. Distinct trial-wise cognitive variables selectively modulated functional connectivity during their corresponding trial epochs, demonstrating the temporal specificity and flexibility of the approach. By testing how trial-wise variables modulate functional connectivity, beta-PPI extends task-based connectivity analysis to model-based fMRI and provides a common single-trial framework that could facilitate the integration of connectivity, activation, and representational analyses in event38 related fMRI.
164h agoNeuronal activation drives activity-dependent gene expression that underlies experience-associated synaptic modifications, learning and memory. Here we show that the histone variant CENP-A, best known for specifying centromere identity, is dynamically regulated by synaptic activity at both the RNA and protein levels in postmitotic neurons. Neuronal activation increases a non-centromeric nuclear pool of CENP-A while leaving centromeric CENP-A levels unchanged. Downregulation of CENP-A selectively reduces the activity-associated non-centromeric pool, impairs activity-dependent induction of immediate-early genes such as FOS and ARC, and disrupts hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Furthermore, we find that activity-dependent neuronal responses in human embryonic stem cell-derived forebrain organoids similarly require CENP-A. Our results reveal a mitosis-independent, conserved role of CENP-A for driving plasticity in mammalian neurons.
164h agoSocial buffering of pain, in which social contact blunts emotional or nociceptive intensity, is well established. However, the degree to which agency over social contact, rather than general reward receipt or social contact alone, modifies pain intensity or pain behaviors remains unclear. Using a social self-administration paradigm in which mice lever-press for access to their housing partner, we show that voluntary social engagement gates pain sensitivity after spared nerve injury (SNI) in mice. After 8 days of training, mice regained access to social self-administration either 1 day (Early) or 5 days (Delayed) after SNI. Early access preserved pre-injury social response rates and left SNI mice indistinguishable from shams in the von Frey test of mechanical sensitivity (allodynia); Delayed access similarly preserved social response rates but failed to prevent allodynia revealing a narrow post-injury window for socially conferred pain protection. These effects were sex-dependent, with females more sensitive to both nerve injury and disruptions in social access. Further, pain buffering did not generalize to non-social reinforcers as food self-administration did not alter allodynia in SNI mice, nor did a non-contingent (forced) version of the social task reduce allodynia. Together, these findings identify a time-limited window in which self-directed social interaction, specifically, confers pain protection after nerve injury.
164h agoElectrophysiological interfacing remains difficult in three-dimensional in vitro models, when using planar microelectrode arrays or optical methods. This challenge limits experimental progress using such models, despite their promise of better physiological relevance than monolayer cell culture. Mesh MEAs which can integrate conformally on or even within tissue offer a possible solution but are not yet widely accessible. Here, we present a mesh MEA device, designed as a simple, manufacturable platform for spheroid electrophysiology. In neural spheroids, the device enabled longitudinal electrophysiological recordings and pharmacological modulation of spontaneous electrical activity. On native polyimide meshes, spheroids maintained their shape while cells enveloped the mesh, embedding electrodes to a depth of 100 m after 2 weeks. In contrast, laminin biofunctionalization of the mesh promoted outgrowth and migration of cells. This device and associated methods should be adaptable to organoids, ex vivo tissue, or bioengineered in vitro models.
164h agoAccording to predictive processing theories, the brain achieves efficiency in perception by comparing current sensory inputs with stored representations of the external world. Previous research has shown that manipulations of expectation can alter neural processing of low-level visual features as well as more complex, naturalistic objects. It remains unclear, however, precisely how the effects of expectancy are altered through learning and changes in stimulus fidelity. Here, we characterised behaviour and neural activity patterns while systematically varying individuals' prior exposure to object sequences and the quality of the stimuli therein. Participants viewed rapid image sequences while we recorded their brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG). The stimulus sequences were probabilistically structured such that the appearance of each object was either expected, unexpected, or random. Participants were faster and more accurate in detecting cued target stimuli when these were expected relative to unexpected or random. Multivariate analysis of EEG activity patterns time-locked to the appearance of object images revealed reliably reduced decoding accuracy for both expected and unexpected stimuli relative to random stimuli. These patterns were consistent across exposure and image quality conditions, though exploratory analyses suggested that subtle changes in neural prediction effects may be linked to exposure. The findings do not provide strong support that the brain differentially represents expected versus unexpected object information and suggest that exposure and image quality do not reliably interact with predictive processes in object recognition.
164h agoCreative problem-solving is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The incubation period, during which individuals temporarily disengage from conscious problem-solving efforts, has been proposed to facilitate insight through ongoing subconscious processing. Memory replay, defined as the sequential reactivation of previously encoded memories, has been implicated in a variety of cognitive processes, including learning, planning, and memory consolidation. Since insight is thought to arise from the reorganization and integration of existing knowledge, memory replay may provide a mechanism through which such restructuring occurs during incubation. This study investigated whether memory replay during incubation predicts subsequent insight and examined the replay dynamics associated with insight emergence. To this end, a novel visual sequential insight task (VSIT) was developed, and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded during the incubation period from 58 participants. Using a localizer model trained on EEG data acquired in a separate localization session, spontaneous memory reactivation events during incubation were decoded and subsequently used to reconstruct replay. The results demonstrate that specific patterns of memory replay are associated with successful insight, suggesting that the subconscious reprocessing of task-relevant information contributes to creative problem-solving. Furthermore, insight-related memory replay was accompanied by enhanced low-gamma-band (30--50 Hz) functional connectivity across networks involved in visual processing, memory, reward, and sensorimotor functions. Together, these findings provide evidence for the role of memory replay in supporting insight and advance current understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying creativity.
164h agoIdentifying objective translational biomarkers of spinal nociceptive processing is important to accelerate analgesic development. The primary negative component (N1) of spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) has been proposed as such a biomarker. However, the cellular substrates of the N1 potential (evoked by innocuous electrical stimulation) and their relevance to nociceptive processing have not been directly demonstrated. Here, we employed a 64-channel multielectrode recording approach in the dorsal horn of anaesthetised Wistar rats to functionally characterise the neuronal populations activated during the generation of spinal SEPs and determine how their activity is modulated by tapentadol. Single units were classified based on their responses to mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw, and their electrically evoked responses to sciatic nerve stimulation. Of 59 well-isolated units, 47 (80%) were classified as wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons and 12 (20%) as low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTMR) neurons, spatially distributed across spinal laminae III-V. Tapentadol (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p)) selectively attenuated the mechanically- and electrically-evoked activity of WDR neurons without affecting LTMR responses. This WDR-inhibition was largely reversed by naloxone (0.25 mg/kg, i.p) but not by atipamezole (1 mg/kg, i.p), identifying a predominant opioid receptor-mediated mechanism of inhibition in the naive state. The magnitude of WDR inhibition by tapentadol correlated with the degree of reduction of the N1 amplitude. These findings establish activity in WDR neurons as a core component of the N1 potential, supporting the use of spinal SEPs as a translational biomarker of analgesic target engagement within the dorsal horn.
164h agoBackground: Balance maintenance in humans is not only a mechanical process, but it also relies on continuous interactions between cortical activity and body dynamics. Alterations in postural sway are commonly observed in aging and stroke and are frequently used to assess balance impairment. However, similar balance deficits do not necessarily reflect similar underlying sensorimotor control mechanisms. Therefore, investigating brain body interactions and their relationship to characteristics of postural behavior may provide deeper insights into the neural processes underlying balance dysfunction in these populations. Objective: To determine whether brain body coupling is associated with characteristics of postural behavior captured by the temporal organization of postural fluctuations beyond conventional magnitude based measures of postural sway, and whether these relationships differ between stroke survivors, healthy older adults, and young adults. Methods: EEG and center of pressure (CoP) signals were recorded simultaneously in stroke survivors (n = 12), healthy older adults (n = 18), and young controls (n = 17) during quiet standing under 4 different manipulated sensory conditions. Sway based corticokinematic coherence (CKC) as well as linear and nonlinear features (sample entropy, SE; fractal dimension, FD) of CoP were extracted. Linear mixed-effects model assessed associations between features and CKC, and model performance was compared using Akaike Information Criterion. Multidimensional state vectors were constructed from CKC, linear and nonlinear CoP features, and Euclidean distances between consecutive states in the standardized feature space were computed to quantify condition dependent transitions in brain body control organization. Results: Nonlinear features showed significant, group and feature dependent associations with CKC in the mediolateral direction, driven by significant SE and FD effects in the stroke group and an SE effect in the older group, while no significant associations were observed in the young group. Including nonlinear features in baseline models containing only linear CoP features significantly improved model fit. CKC alone showed low classification performance (AUC 50 to 65), whereas combining CKC with linear and nonlinear features improved group discrimination (AUC up to 0.86). State space transition analysis revealed larger condition dependent transitions in stroke participants compared with healthy older adults, particularly going from eyes open to eyes closed when standing on foam. Conclusion: Brain body coupling during standing may be understood more comprehensively by factoring in the temporal structure of fluctuations rather than their amplitude alone. These findings support the use of nonlinear dynamical features, combined with CKC, as potential markers of balance impairment.
164h agoDirected communication across brain regions is fundamental to human brain function, yet how local spontaneous activity links to directed whole-brain propagation patterns remains elusive. Prior studies have characterized local propagation events and global wave-like dynamics, but a framework linking local events, interregional propagation pathways, and canonical large-scale propagation patterns remains lacking. Using resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project 7T cohort and an intrinsic ignition framework, we quantified cascades of suprathreshold activity events and constructed directed propagation probability networks. We found spatially heterogeneous regional propagation preferences, with high outgoing propagation preferences predominantly localized in somatomotor, visual, and default-mode regions. At the functional system level, propagation modules broadly separated visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, and ventral attention networks from association systems. Regional stepwise propagation pathways were aligned with the principal functional gradient, and greater hierarchical separation between regions was associated with longer propagation distance. These pathways formed two canonical propagation patterns linking primary and association systems, with somatomotor regions preferentially initiated in bottom-up propagation, default-mode regions in top-down propagation, and attention networks occupying intermediate positions. Notably, the two patterns were not simple mirror images, with top-down propagation showing substantial deviations within somatomotor and visual systems. These findings were replicated in an independent cohort. Moreover, individual propagation architecture predicted cognitive performance and tobacco-use behavior. Collectively, our findings provide cross-scale insights into spontaneous activity propagation in the human brain by bridging local ignition events with hierarchical whole-brain propagation pathways and behaviorally relevant individual differences.
164h agoEmerging clinical research with psilocybin highlights the value of the psychedelic experience on successful treatment of a multitude of psychiatric disorders. While the psychedelic trip or clinical support procedures cannot be modeled in rodents, neural processes critical to meta-learning and flexible modification of previously learned strategies can be quantified during psilocybin exposure. Here we applied computational modeling and single unit recordings from medial prefrontal cortex to characterize the effect of psilocybin using a value-based probabilistic choice task. Psilocybin improved choice selection in uncertain contexts and shifted reinforcement learning rate bidirectionally, enhancing updating from rewarded, while reducing updating from unrewarded, actions. These behavioral changes coincided with selective shifts in the neural encoding of task features including enhanced neural representation of rewarded, and diminished representation of unrewarded, outcomes. Collectively these data indicate that psilocybin improves choice selection in uncertain contexts by reweighing cortical coding in a way that favors learning from positive new information over prospective actions.
164h agoOur modern environment, with its artificial lighting, irregular work hours, and frequent travel, often disrupts our circadian rhythms, which can lead to health problems, particularly in learning and memory. This is especially concerning given the aging population and the rising prevalence of dementia. Yet, the biological mechanisms linking circadian disruption to cognitive impairment remain poorly understood. At the molecular level, genetic techniques have been used to attenuate or abolish expression of key genes involved in circadian rhythms and these manipulations have detrimental effects on memory function. However, whether environmentally induced circadian disruption, impairs memory via changes in overall gene expression levels in the hippocampus or rather via changes in the coordinated rhythmic patterns of circadian expression across groups of genes is less known. Here, we examined how environmental circadian disruption affects the expression of genes involved in the circadian clock and memory in the hippocampus of rats using a forced desynchrony model. Circadian disruption changed the rhythmic properties of gene expression in most genes assessed but had no measurable effect on average expression levels across the day. These findings suggest that the inability to maintain circadian synchrony rather than overall expression may underlie the cognitive deficits observed in circadian-related disorders.
164h agoNeuronal dendrites can be injured by a number of insults, but the cellular mechanism by which dendrites respond to tissue injury and undergo repair is poorly understood. Much of the field's progress has evaluated dendrite regeneration following laser injury. While precise, laser injury does not accurately model the real-world damage to surrounding tissue that would accompany neuronal injury. Here, we modify a pinch injury technique to injure both the dendrites and their surrounding tissues in Drosophila melanogaster larvae, more similar to what is observed in real-world injury. We refined this technique such that only half of a sensory neuron's dendrites are injured, leaving the other half uninjured. Our data indicate that both dynamic and stable dendritic arbors regrow dendrites following pinch injury. Neurons primarily engage in compensatory regeneration whereby new branches are added on the uninjured half of the arbor. Comparing the regenerative response following pinch versus laser injury revealed that dendrites preferentially regrew into areas where the surrounding tissue was left intact, and not into areas where the surrounding tissue was damaged by pinch. These results prompted us to evaluate the damage sustained to surrounding tissue. In examining non-neuronal tissues after pinch injury, we found damage to epidermal cells and the ECM, but not glia. We also observed a robust immune response in the damaged hemisegment. We conclude that the sustained damage to surrounding tissue and the initiation of an immune response create a non-permissive environment for dendrite regeneration following pinch injury.
168h agoImpulsive-compulsive disorders (ICDs), including pathological gambling, hypersexuality, and compulsive buying, are frequently precipitated by dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists such as pramipexole (PPX), yet the molecular mechanisms that confer individual vulnerability remain poorly understood. Impulsive choice, a core dimension of ICDs, is modulated by dopaminergic signaling within corticostriatal circuits, but the microRNAs (miRs) that potentially translate this signaling into persistent behavioral change have not been identified. Here, we combined a delay discounting task (DDT) with high-throughput miR sequencing in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of rats stratified by baseline impulsivity and subchronic PPX treatment. PPX increased impulsive choice selectively in low- and mid-impulsive rats, whereas high-impulsive rats remained unaffected, consistent with a ceiling effect. Among the differentially expressed miRs, miR-10a-5p emerged as the strongest candidate: it was constitutively elevated in high-impulsive rats and upregulated by PPX in low- and mid-impulsive animals in both regions, thereby paralleling the trait-dependent behavioral effect of the drug. In vivo viral-mediated overexpression of miR-10a-5p confirmed its predicted downregulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and BDNF pathways in the striatum, and, critically, overexpression restricted to the NAcc, but not the dorsal striatum, was sufficient to increase impulsive choice, recapitulating the pro-impulsive effect of PPX. These findings identify miR-10a-5p as a critical molecular regulator of impulsivity through its activity in the NAcc, providing a mechanistic link between dopaminergic perturbation, trait vulnerability, and ICDs, and opening new avenues for the development of miR-directed therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
168h agoWe readily perceive stereoscopic depth in correlated random dot stereograms (RDS), in which every dot presented to one eye has a matching dot in the other eye. In contrast, anti-correlated RDS, in which corresponding dots have opposite contrast polarity between the two eyes, do not evoke a perception of depth. Nevertheless, anti-correlated RDS still generate local same-polarity matches within the receptive fields of individual neurons. Inhibitory circuitry has been proposed to suppress these false matches and thereby prevent the perception of illusory depth. To investigate how inhibitory circuits in visual cortex contribute to this process, we measured disparity selectivity to correlated and anti-correlated RDS in two major classes of inhibitory neurons in mice: parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+) neurons. We found that the disparity tuning of PV+ neurons was highly correlated with the average activity of surrounding neurons. In contrast, the disparity tuning of SST+ neurons was poorly predicted by local population activity, suggesting that PV+ and SST+ neurons integrate excitatory inputs through distinct mechanisms. Optogenetic suppression of PV+ or SST+ neurons further revealed divergent functional roles. Although both cell types contributed to sharpening selectivity for correlated RDS, only SST+ neurons reduced selectivity for anti-correlated RDS. These findings suggest that PV+ and SST+ circuits both enhance responses to correct binocular matches in correlated RDS, whereas SST+ circuits contribute to suppressing false matches in anti-correlated RDS.
172h agoOrexin (hypocretin) neurons (OXN) broadcast arousal related signals across the forebrain, yet how their inputs shape motivated behavior remains poorly understood. The supramammillary region (SuM), a posterior hypothalamic structure implicated in arousal, active coping and reward seeking, receives dense orexin innervation. Here, we define how orexinergic terminals in the SuM (OXNSuM) integrate threat salience with approach motivational processes. Using viral tracing and RNAscope, we show that SuM neurons express both orexin receptor subtypes, with type 2 receptors predominating. Fiber photometry recordings from OXNSuM terminals reveal strong activation by footshock and conditioned threat cues, modest responses to salient sensory stimuli, and pronounced suppression during water consumption. Optogenetic stimulation of OXNSuM terminals reinforces instrumental responding, biases real time place preference, and elicits rapid, stimulation locked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. These findings identify an orexin to SuM pathway that is engaged by uncertainty and threat yet promotes approach behavior through coupling to mesolimbic dopamine, revealing a mechanism linking hypothalamic arousal signals to adaptive motivational responses.
172h agoParkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive and preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and intraneuronal alpha-synuclein (Syn) accumulation. Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) are anatomically and molecularly heterogeneous, but the impact of Syn pathology on distinct subpopulations is not well defined. One midbrain DAN sub-population expresses Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), an enzyme that detoxifies aldehyde by-products of dopamine metabolism, and has been associated with differential vulnerability. Here, we applied GeoMx spatial transcriptomics to profile ALDH1A1-positive (ALDH1A1+) and ALDH1A1-negative (ALDH1A1-) DAN subpopulations in the mouse midbrain in situ at 3- and 8-weeks following adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Syn overexpression. Analyzing 10,532 genes, we identified robust transcriptional differences between ALDH1A1+ and ALDH1A1- DANs under control conditions, supporting their characterization as distinct molecular subpopulations. In AAV-Syn-injected mice, we observed increased Snca expression and a reduction in ALDH1A1- DANs in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. Syn overexpression induced subpopulation-specific and time-dependent transcriptional responses, with dysregulation in ALDH1A1- DANs characterized by early down-regulation of pathways related to synaptic function, neurotransmitter handling, and bioenergetics, including glycolysis. In contrast, ALDH1A1+ DANs displayed later up-regulation of genes enriched for Acetyl-CoA and cholesterol metabolism pathways, reflecting subpopulation-specific adaptations to Syn overexpression. Analysis of human single nucleus RNA-sequencing data revealed partial conservation of the metabolic dysregulation signature. Together, our findings show that murine midbrain ALDH1A1+ and ALDH1A1- DANs represent molecularly distinct subpopulations with divergent temporal responses to Syn overexpression, emphasizing the importance of cell-type and disease-stage context in studies of Parkinson's disease mechanisms.
172h agoBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a leading cause of surgically remediable pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Previous research has used various MRI sequences to profile FCD lesions, but multi-site studies using personalized features derived from sequences routinely used in the clinic are sparse. This study aimed to quantify changes in cortical morphology, myeloarchitecture, and function within FCD lesions, compare MRI signatures between lesion subtypes and outcomes, and investigate links to macroscale brain organization. METHODS. This cross-sectional study included patients with FCD-related epilepsy aggregated across 3 datasets from Canada and Germany. The 3T MRI acquisitions included T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, with the addition of a resting-state functional sequence for two datasets. We derived cortex-wide maps of patient-specific variations in morphology, myeloarchitecture, and function. Variations were quantified in lesions, ipsilateral cortex, and homotopic regions using age- and sex-adjusted normative models. Subgroup analyses explored the role of histological subtype and surgical outcome. Variations were also related to anterior-posterior and sensory-association organizational gradients. RESULTS. We included 159 patients with epilepsy and FCD (47 % female) and 183 healthy control participants (50 % female). Lesions exhibited changes in morphology (cortical thickness; FLAIR blurring) and in specific measures of depth-dependent intracortical myelin (variance and kurtosis of intracortical myelin profiles across depths), but not in local function (regional homogeneity; node strength). Spatial contextualization indicated more pronounced thickness changes in transmodal association cortices, while increased blurring of the gray-white matter interface co-localized with posterior cortical regions. FCD Type IIb lesions contained more marked changes in blurring and depth-dependent intracortical myelin (kurtosis of intracortical myelin profiles across depths) than Type IIa lesions. DISCUSSION. Our findings provide robust evidence that multiscale MRI profiling can identify FCD signatures and contribute to in-vivo subtyping. Furthermore, the novel use of myeloarchitecture profiling and contextualization with macro-scale brain gradients provides new avenues to understand intracortical alterations and the embedding of FCD lesions into broader organizational patterns.
172h agoIn rodents, hippocampal activity is classically described in terms of position-anchored place cells, whereas nonhuman primate work has emphasized spatial view cells, in which activity depends on the region of space being viewed. This contrast has fueled a longstanding debate over whether primate and rodent spatial codes are biologically distinct. We recorded single units in the hippocampus of macaques as they navigated linear tracks in two visually distinct contexts, intermittently making context-dependent object choices. Using a generalized linear model to dissociate position coding from spatial view coding, we identified three coexisting populations in the macaque hippocampus: Position cells, View cells, and Conjunctive cells encoding both variables. Position cells were prevalent and showed rodent-like properties-localized firing, directional tuning, and contextual remapping-even after accounting for visual sampling, whereas View cells stably encoded allocentric visual space. Population decoding confirmed this dissociation at the ensemble level. Robust position codes thus coexist with, yet remain dissociable from, view codes in the primate hippocampus, suggesting that the apparent scarcity of place-like responses in earlier primate work reflects methodological and task-related differences rather than a fundamental species-level divergence.
172h agoSNRNP70 is a core spliceosomal protein that localises to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies have implicated SNRNP70 in regulating axonal stability and the transport of specific mRNAs during motor neuron development in zebrafish. Although the molecular functions and protein interactions of SNRNP70 in pre-mRNA splicing are well established, the mechanisms underlying its cytoplasmic functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that SNRNP70 and TDP-43 exhibit similar localisation patterns in developing and mature neurons and co-associate in both nuclear and non-nuclear compartments, including axonal projections. We identify a functional interaction between SNRNP70 and TDP-43 that is essential for motor neuron development and demonstrate that the recruitment of SNRNP70 to cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules depends on TDP-43. These findings identify a previously unrecognised cytoplasmic function of TDP-43 in directing SNRNP70-containing RNP granule assembly, thereby linking TDP-43 to the splicing-independent functions of SNRNP70 during motor neuron development.
172h agoBackground Effective autoresuscitation during hypoxic stress demands the cerebellum integrate autonomic and arousal responses. It remains unknown if the SIDS cerebellum possesses the metabolic stability and developmental maturity to sustain this function. We aimed to define if cerebellar dysfunction constitutes a silent failure point within the central respiratory network. Methods We performed multi-omic integration of RNA-sequencing, targeted metabolomics, and quantitative histology on postmortem cerebellar tissue from SIDS infants and age-matched controls. Cross-omic concordance analysis mapped the relationship between metabolite abundance and the transcriptional directionality of corresponding metabolic enzymes. Results The SIDS cerebellum revealed a distinct profile defined by neuroinflammation and altered GABA and glutamate metabolism. Targeted metabolomics confirmed a metabolic imbalance with significantly elevated glutamate and GABA (P < 0.05). Quantitative histology exposed concurrent developmental arrest; persistent external granule layers highlighted morphological immaturity, explaining the failure to mount effective compensatory responses. Conclusions Metabolic pathology in the SIDS cerebellum is intrinsically linked to structural immaturity. This developmental arrest creates a compromised environment lacking the metabolic competence to support neural homeostasis, preventing critical arousal responses required for survival.
172h agoMemory shapes how we explore the visual world, but the neural mechanisms linking mnemonic processes to eye movements during naturalistic viewing are not well understood. Theta-band oscillatory activity in the hippocampus is time-locked with eye movements in primates, suggesting a putative mechanism for coordinating mnemonic processing and oculomotor behaviour. Yet, it remains unknown whether this coupling generalises to episodic memory-guided viewing in humans, whether slow (3 to 6 Hz) and fast (6 to 10 Hz) theta bands play dissociable functions, and whether this coupling is sensitive to the direction of upcoming eye movements. Here, we used intracranial EEG and eye-tracking data from 11 neurosurgical patients of either sex (Keles et al., 2024) to address these questions. Using fixation-locked analyses, we found that hippocampal theta dynamics differentiate memory-guided from memory-independent fixations of episodically encoded naturalistic scenes (i.e., movies) through power and coherence mechanisms that are both temporally and spectrally dissociable. First, immediately after fixations (~0 to 250 ms), slow-theta power was more strongly suppressed during memory-guided trials (i.e., true positive, TP) than correct memory-independent trials (i.e., true negative, TN). Second, in the period around fixations (-80 to 60 ms), theta phase coherence increased independent of power during TP vs TN trials. This increase in coherence was most pronounced for contraversive relative to ipsiversive fixations, consistent with direction-sensitive hippocampal oculomotor coordination during memory-guided viewing. Together, these findings suggest that hippocampal theta plays dissociable, time-locked roles in memory-guided fixations during naturalistic visual retrieval, supporting an ecologically relevant role for the hippocampus in coordinating memory and active visual behaviour.
172h agoCannabis use disorder (CUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, persistent drug use despite adverse consequences, and a high risk of relapse. Although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central hub in the neural circuitry underlying addiction, the specific glutamatergic inputs regulating vulnerability to cannabinoid addiction remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of two major limbic glutamatergic projections to the NAc, the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) to NAc and basolateral amygdala (BLA) to NAc pathways, using a validated mouse model of WIN55,212-2 intravenous self-administration combined with projection-specific chemogenetic inhibition. Male C57BL/6J mice received combinatorial viral vector delivery of inhibitory hM4Di DREADDs selectively targeting either the dHPC to NAc or the BLA to NAc pathway. Chronic pathway inhibition was achieved by continuous administration of deschloroclozapine through osmotic minipumps during the development of cannabinoid addiction-like behavior. Animals were evaluated using a multidimensional behavioral paradigm assessing the three-core addiction-like criteria of persistence of drug seeking, motivation, and compulsive-like behavior, as well as craving-related behaviors and phenotypic vulnerability traits. Chronic inhibition of either the dHPC to NAc or the BLA to NAc pathway significantly increased the proportion of mice developing an addiction-like phenotype. Both manipulations enhanced persistence of drug seeking during periods of drug unavailability, identifying persistence as a shared behavioral consequence of disrupting glutamatergic signaling to the NAc. In contrast, the two pathways differentially regulated other addiction-related behaviors. Inhibition of the dHPC to NAc pathway increased motivation to obtain WIN55,212-2, impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and resistance to extinction, whereas inhibition of the BLA to NAc pathway selectively enhanced cue-induced drug seeking. Neither manipulation altered compulsive-like responding, locomotor activity, or body weight. These findings demonstrate that distinct glutamatergic afferents to the NAc differentially regulate vulnerability to cannabinoid addiction-like behavior while converging on persistence as a common circuit-level mechanism. Our results establish the NAc as an integrative hub coordinating complementary contextual and emotional information during the transition to cannabinoid addiction and provide a circuit-based framework for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Cannabis Use Disorder.
172h agoThe folding of the cortical sheet within the human brain is related to its functional organization at the level of major sulci and gyri. Yet how smaller folding features hidden within the two thirds of cortex buried in sulci may relate to functional specialization of the cortex is not clear. Using human visual cortex as a test bed, we identify four hidden brain folds within the major sulcus which spans the dorsal visual stream and demonstrate that their spatial consistency across individuals is related to functional boundaries of visual cortex. In separate observation and replication participant groups, we combine structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging to show that the boundaries separating the visual field maps comprising the dorsal stream can be predicted from these hidden gyri with an accuracy matching current probabilistic definitions of visual cortex. By further demonstrating that these hidden gyri colocalize with cytoarchitectonic regions of the human brain, and that the variability in their shape and size correlates with individual differences in visual behaviors known to rely on the dorsal stream, we provide evidence for a novel neuroanatomic framework which suggests that mesoscale pleating patterns of the cortex within human sulci are functionally and behaviorally relevant.
172h agoThe locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays multiple roles in higher brain function that are thought to depend on its mode of activation, which reflects relationships between baseline and evoked activation levels. These relationships are evident in both single-unit LC activity and proposed physiological proxies of LC-NE activity, such as pupil size. Here we used measurements in awake monkeys to show that the baseline-evoked relationships evident within these two different measures are unreliably coupled between them: baseline-evoked relationships of the pupil are not predictive of those in the LC, and vice versa. These results imply that pupil modulations, which can reflect LC-NE activity, should be used with caution to make inferences about "phasic" (moderate baseline, high evoked) and "tonic" (high baseline, low evoked) LC-NE activity modes that are thought to support different forms of information processing in the brain.
172h agoMicroglia are regarded as self-maintaining brain parenchymal macrophages without contribution from adult hematopoiesis. Nevertheless, peripheral macrophage engraftment into the brain has been reported, but the biological variables governing central nervous system (CNS) macrophage niche access remain unclear. We show that CNS macrophage engraftment is determined by the balance between tissue-resident macrophage (TRM) self-renewal and the temporal alignment of niche opening with the availability of engraftment-competent cells and proximity to the vacated niche, rather than prolonged niche vacancy. Fate mapping revealed that monocytes entering the subdural space undergo border-associated macrophage (BAM)-like differentiation, clonal expansion, and transpial migration into the parenchyma, whereas mature BAMs directly repopulate selectively vacated parenchymal niches. We further identify a parenchymal macrophage population with a peripheral BAM-like transcriptional program in aged and neurodegenerative human brains, challenging the dogma of MG-exclusivity. Together, these findings establish a predictive framework for interpreting macrophage maintenance and replacement and for developing macrophage-based therapies.
176h agoComplex neural functions rely on finely tuned circuits in which the recruitment of local interneurons gates the flow of information, determining whether an input is relayed, amplified, or suppressed. Somatosensory information, such as touch or pain, is processed through such complex circuits in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. There, local inhibitory interneurons play a key role in the proper segregation of touch and pain inputs. After nerve injury-evoked neuropathic pain, loss of inhibition impairs the function of these circuits, resulting in mechanical allodynia, where innocuous touch is perceived as painful. Disinhibition can be attributed to pruning of inhibitory synapses, reduced intrinsic excitability of inhibitory neurons, or weakened excitatory drive from primary afferents. Yet the complexity of the excitatory drive onto inhibitory neurons, and its potential modification after nerve injury, remains largely unexplored. Here we examined the nature of the synaptic drive from low-threshold A{beta} mechanoreceptors (A{beta}-LTMRs) onto parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVNs), and how this recruitment is affected by nerve injury. A{beta}-LTMR stimulation evoked excitatory responses in a subset of PVNs, which is expected given the exclusively excitatory nature of primary afferent inputs. However, an unexpected subset of PVNs displayed inhibitory responses, suggesting the recruitment of a feedforward inhibitory circuit. We reconciled these observations by showing that A{beta}-LTMRs engaged PVNs through both direct excitation and feedforward inhibition, which are differentially distributed between the inhibitory (iPVN) and excitatory (ePVN) subpopulation. Indeed, our results show that under naive conditions, A{beta} input preferentially recruited iPVNs, while ePVNs were predominantly suppressed by A{beta}-driven feedforward inhibition mediated by a previously unrecognized Complexin-1 (Cplx1)-expressing inhibitory interneuron. After peripheral nerve injury, this balance becomes functionally redistributed. A{beta}-to-iPVN transmission showed increased failure rates and impaired temporal precision, whereas A{beta} drive onto ePVNs shifted from inhibition toward excitation. Notably, these functional changes occurred despite preserved afferent connectivity, synapse density, and spontaneous synaptic events, indicating that the dynamic reallocation of circuit recruitment occurs in the absence of structural changes. To test the behavioral consequences of these two populations, we used chemogenetic approaches and found that iPVNs suppress, whereas ePVNs promote, mechanical hypersensitivity. Together, these findings show that nerve injury functionally reallocates primary afferent drive away from inhibitory and toward excitatory spinal PVNs, establishing functional reallocation of afferent input as a mechanism of spinal disinhibition and a key determinant of mechanical allodynia.
176h agoHexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, yet many carriers remain asymptomatic for decades or never develop disease. This incomplete penetrance suggests that phenoconversion from genetic susceptibility to symptomatic disease onset is governed by epigenetic, environmental and cell-intrinsic modifiers. Astrocytes are key mediators of non-cell-autonomous neurodegeneration in ALS, but whether they undergo disease-associated phenoconversion in C9orf72 expansion carriers remains unclear. We investigated astrocyte-associated mechanisms of phenoconversion using a unique C9orf72 pedigree comprising monozygotic twins discordant for ALS and their asymptomatic father. This enabled analysis across a continuum from non-penetrance to late-stage neurodegeneration while controlling for inherited genetic background. Notably, the unaffected twin exhibited hypermethylation of the expanded C9orf72 allele, identifying an epigenetic correlate of non-penetrance. To define symptomatic and asymptomatic-associated astrocyte states, fibroblasts from this pedigree were directly reprogrammed into astrocytes and subjected to molecular, functional, electrophysiological and translatome analyses. Astrocytes derived from symptomatic ALS individuals were found to exhibit astrocyte-mediated toxicity towards motor neurons, canonical C9orf72 molecular pathology and connexin-related membrane dysfunction. Specifically, RNA foci and dipeptide repeat protein burden peaked in astrocytes obtained early in disease in the symptomatic twin and declined in astrocytes derived from samples obtained at advanced disease stages, whereas motor neuron toxicity increased progressively, demonstrating a dissociation between aggregate burden and functional neurotoxicity. In contrast, connexin-mediated electrophysiological dysfunction emerged with symptomatic disease and closely tracked with maximal toxicity. Translatome profiling revealed early global translational repression and impaired proteostasis in symptomatic astrocytes, whereas unaffected and non-penetrant C9-carriers retained enrichment of protein homeostasis pathways. These findings define distinct astrocyte states associated with asymptomatic, early symptomatic and late-stage disease. Notably, the affected twin reported substantially higher lifetime strenuous physical activity compared to the unaffected twin, consistent with a potential role for sustained exercise-related stress in accelerating disease onset in genetically susceptible individuals. Experimentally modelling increased stress induced aberrant upregulation of connexin-mediated currents in C9orf72 astrocytes, including in asymptomatic carriers, indicating that physiological stress can unmask latent astrocyte-intrinsic vulnerability and precipitate dysfunction in cellular homeostasis. Together, these findings redefine phenoconversion in C9orf72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to be associated with a significant upregulation of astrocyte toxicity, failure of resilience and demonstrate that the astrocyte disease state can be potentially induced by external stressors.
176h agoPaclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is the most common dose-limiting side effect of paclitaxel chemotherapy, yet the relationship between structural damage to peripheral nerve terminals and functional impairment of nociceptors has not been directly examined. Here we combined ex vivo skin-nerve electrophysiology with three-dimensional (3D) imaging of fDISCO-cleared glabrous skin to characterize both morphological and functional changes in peripheral sensory terminals following paclitaxel treatment in rats. Five weeks after paclitaxel administration, skin-nerve recordings revealed a marked increase in the proportion of C- and A{delta}-fibers exhibiting spontaneous discharge (approximately 2.4- and 2.6-fold increases, respectively) compared to vehicle-treated controls. Paclitaxel also selectively reduced the mechanical activation threshold of C-fibers without affecting A{delta} fibers. Three-dimensional reconstruction of PGP9.5-immunolabeled nerve terminals showed that sensory fibers in glabrous skin form a vertically oriented, tree-like architecture. Paclitaxel treatment severely reduced both the terminal branch length and the density of free nerve endings in the epidermis. Strikingly, co-administration of the Kv7 channel activator retigabine prevented both the electrophysiological and morphological alterations induced by paclitaxel. These findings provide direct evidence that peripheral nerve terminal degeneration and hyperexcitability co-occur in PIPN and that Kv7 channel activation can protect against both structural and functional damage.
176h agoFos-expressing neuronal ensembles in nucleus accumbens (NAc) are selectively activated by drug-associated cues and shown to play a causal role in drug-cue memories. Many unique molecular and cellular alterations have been identified in these ensembles and thought to be components of an engram encoding the memory; however, spine morphology alterations on these ensembles have rarely been examined. Here, we examined alterations of identified spine types on Fos-expressing neurons in NAc core that were selectively activated by drug-associated cues during cocaine relapse. We combined Fos immunolabeling along with viral-based sparse GFP labeling to identify Fos-positive and Fos-negative neurons with distinguishable dendrites and quantified spine composition, densities and interspine intervals (ISIs) for all spine types, and head and neck diameters of mushroom spines. ISIs and head and neck diameters of mushroom spines were altered on Fos-positive (versus Fos-negative) neurons activated during cue-induced cocaine relapse. Critically, these alterations were not found on Fos-positive neurons activated by exposure to a novel context on relapse test day, despite having identical cocaine self-administration histories. Based on previous work, this suggests these alterations were not simply due to acute activation of a randomly selected set of neurons on test day, but rather they were altered specifically on neurons selectively activated during cocaine self-administration training and then reactivated during relapse. Stubby spines and immature spines, including filopodia and thin spines, were not altered. Altogether, these mushroom spine alterations describe a unique spine morphology signature for a drug-cue memory in NAc neuronal ensembles selectively activated during cocaine relapse.
176h agoChronic pain is a leading cause of human suffering, affecting about 20% of the population. The insular cortex (IC) is a central hub for the multidimensional experience of pain, yet how the diverse neurons in IC are organized and assembled into functional circuits remains unclear. Here, combining multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), neural tracing and in vivo functional analyses, we resolve the molecular, cellular and circuit architecture of the IC. We find that neuronal projections are specified by both transcriptomic identity and spatial topography. We further show that three molecularly defined neuron types in the posterior IC form discrete brain-wide networks that differentially regulate pain. Layer 5 pyramidal tract (PT) neurons regulate mechanical, thermal and affective pain. In contrast, layer 5 intratelencephalic (IT) neurons selectively modulate thermal nociception, whereas layer 6 corticothalamic (CT) neurons surprisingly relieve negative pain affects. Together, these findings reveal the spatially resolved cellular and circuit organization of the IC governing different dimensions of pain and uncover targets for precision pain therapy.
176h agoKilohertz-frequency (kHz) electrical stimulation (1-100 kHz) is emerging as a powerful tool in both invasive and non-invasive neurostimulation applications, including functional electrical stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and non-invasive brain stimulation. Most commonly these paradigms rely on amplitude modulation (AM kHz), achieved via burst or sinusoidal modulation, to produce phasic neural activation. Here, we propose, and validate, an alternative: frequency-modulated kilohertz stimulation (FM kHz). This approach leverages the distinct strength-frequency dependence of kHz signals, whereby higher carrier frequencies are less efficient in depolarizing neurons than lower frequencies. By sweeping between sub- and suprathreshold frequencies, at a constant amplitude, FM kHz generates a phasic neural activation envelope analogous to AM kHz, without requiring amplitude modulation. Using both computational modelling and experimental data from Locusta migratoria (N5 nerve) and the human median nerve, we demonstrate that FM kHz stimulation: 1. Produces reliable phasic evoked responses at the FM frequency; 2. Enables two degrees of control over stimulation, via FM frequency and frequency deviation. Across models tested, FM kHz thresholds followed the same increasing strength-frequency relationship as AM kHz, with FM kHz requiring modestly higher thresholds at the upper end of the tested frequency range. These findings position FM kHz as a viable and potentially advantageous alternative to AM kHz strategies for future neuromodulation devices, and conceptually ground strength-frequency dependence as the key parameter in interpreting the effects of kHz electrical stimulation.
176h agoIn Parkinsons disease (PD), blood-based (BB) biomarkers ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L 1 (UCHL-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) correlate with motor or cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear if blood levels of these biomarkers represent changes in nigrostriatal neuron viability or dopamine (DA) signaling. In 6-OHDA and Pink1 knockout (KO) rat models that showed progressive loss of DA tissue and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein, we quantified UCHL-1, GFAP, and NfL expression in striatum and substantia nigra (SN) at 7- and 28-days in the 6-OHDA model and 7- and 18-month old in Pink 1 KO. Substantial changes in all biomarkers occurred with TH loss in SN, but not striatum, in both models. UCHL-1 levels increased against remaining TH protein. Accordingly, serum UCHL-1 levels increased 25% at 28 days post-6-OHDA and 18-month old Pink1 KO. GFAP and NfL levels increased in SN 28 days post-6-OHDA and 18 month-old Pink1 KO. Serum GFAP levels increased 28 days post-6-OHDA and 18 month-old Pink1 KO. Serum levels of NfL increased 28 days post-6-OHDA, and in 18 month-old Pink1 KO and wild-type, without influence by genotype. Expression levels of each biomarker were greater in the SN vs striatum, suggesting the SN contributes greater quantities of biomarkers to the blood and reflect TH loss therein. Taken together, our preclinical results show alignment between serum levels of UCHL-1, GFAP, and NfL and loss of TH and DA in the SN. As such, these biomarkers may be relevant peripheral indicators of deficient nigrostriatal DA signaling, and reflect nigrostriatal function in PD.
176h agoMany decisions require maintaining beliefs across multiple levels of representation, from sampling and integrating information to forming action plans. To elucidate these processes and reveal the neural mechanisms supporting them under naturalistic free-viewing conditions, we combined EEG and eye-tracking in a multi-attribute choice task. Leveraging our recently developed Multi-Attribute Search and Choice (MASC) model, we generated fixation-level predictions for value-belief updating processes encompassing attribute, option, and preference states. Behavioral and eye-tracking data confirmed search and choice dynamics as predicted by MASC. Crucially, fixation-evoked potentials (FEPs) revealed distinct neural signatures along the processing hierarchy. While attribute-level and option-level updates were reflected in an early fronto-central positivity and a centro-parietal positivity, respectively, emerging preferences were expressed in lateralized motor-preparatory activity. Our preregistered study elucidates a hierarchy of neural belief-updating processes linking information sampling to decision formation and opens new research avenues for investigating neural attention and choice dynamics in naturalistic free-viewing paradigms.
176h agoRepresentational drift, the gradual evolution of neural population codes over days, has been widely documented at the level of single neurons. However, whether drift is organized across larger cortical populations and spatial scales remains unclear. Here, we examined cortex-wide population dynamics under tightly controlled sensory input and behavior. Using widefield calcium imaging, we longitudinally recorded excitatory activity in Layers 2/3 (L2/3) or Layer 5 (L5) across 25 cortical areas while mice performed a whisker-based texture discrimination task. Sensory-evoked activity was tracked over five consecutive days during stable task performance. Population activity patterns reorganized over days, across the cortex, in both layers. This reorganization followed distinct laminar motifs: notably L5 responses exhibited a widespread, monotonic decrease in activity across most cortical areas, whereas L2/3 responses showed spatially localized and heterogeneous changes that were strongest during the sensory period. These laminar differences extended beyond the stimulus period, with L5 exhibiting more prolonged temporal engagement than L2/3. Together, these findings indicate that representational drift can unfold as a process that is coordinated across cortex with distinct laminar profiles. Thus, drift may reflect a structured feature of cortex-wide circuit dynamics.
176h agoPrediction in dynamic situations, in which relevant elements evolve over time, is a fundamental cognitive function. The brain relies on specialized predictive mechanisms, including time compaction, a process that supports dynamic processing by embedding temporal information into space and transforming future interactions into salient spatial representations. Here we investigated how future interactions are salient during dynamic events and how this salience shapes behavior. Participants performed a visuomotor prediction task in which they estimated the future trajectory of a moving object after observing only the initial portion of its motion, while another object was simultaneously present and could generate either interactive (collision) or non-interactive (crossing) dynamics. Although accurate performance required extrapolating motion solely from kinematic information, participants' predictions were systematically biased toward locations associated with future interactions. Prediction accuracy was reduced in situations involving potential future interactions compared to non-interactive dynamics. Importantly, participants consistently responded closer to predicted interaction points, even when this strategy did not improve accuracy or trajectory extrapolation. Substantial inter-individual variability was observed, revealing conservative and risk-taking predictive strategies with systematic group differences. When participants were explicitly instructed to improve performance, overall accuracy improved only marginally, while predictive behavior shifted toward greater reliance on interaction-related locations, particularly among those who had not already adopted this strategy. We propose that this interaction-driven bias reflects a core property of time compaction, supporting the idea that predictive cognition relies on future interactions as stable reference points under dynamic uncertainty.
176h agoarXiv:2607.16517v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural activity is widely held to organize on low-dimensional structure embedded in a high-dimensional state space. Persistent homology reads such structure directly from the pattern of pairwise correlations, without assuming in advance which variables are relevant. We apply persistent homology to microelectrode-array (MEA) recordings of spontaneous activity from human (Lancaster) and mouse (Pa\c{s}ca) cortical organoids, spanning $26$--$234$ simultaneously sorted units, and ask whether topological data analysis resolves structure at the node counts that neural recordings actually deliver. Building weighted networks in correlation space and characterizing them by Vietoris--Rips filtration, we find that the first homology ($H_1$, loops) rises significantly above a rate- and population-preserving null in $14$ of $18$ datasets. This loop structure occupies a non-redundant core: it is robust to random removal of units yet disrupted by targeted removal of the units that carry it. Topological richness grows with network size, and second homology ($H_2$) emerges significantly above the null only in the larger networks. These results show that persistent homology resolves structured topology in neural recordings at the scale experiments actually deliver.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16659v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A fundamental challenge in the science of consciousness is the lack of a universal, predictive framework for motivated behavior. While existing theories excel at describing specific mechanisms, from neural pathways to computational models, they do not provide a foundational principle that explains the consistent direction of conscious systems toward certain states and away from others. To address this gap, we propose the Positive Experience Principle (PEP), a unifying principle stating that conscious systems have an inherent tendency to move toward states of higher positive subjective experience. This tendency is quantified by a Positive Experience Value (PEV), a scalar metric derived from the physical configurations defined by our earlier Universal Consciousness Code (UCC) theory. The PEP bridges physics, neuroscience, and psychology by positing that diverse behaviors are manifestations of a single, fundamental drive to optimize PEV. The PEP generates testable predictions for the dynamics of conscious systems, offering a path toward a unified science of behavior.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17602v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide noninvasive measurements of brain activity with millisecond temporal resolution, enabling the investigation of functional and effective interactions within large-scale brain networks. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the methodological foundations and practical workflows for EEG/MEG-based brain network analysis. We first review the physical principles underlying EEG and MEG, emphasizing their complementary strengths and limitations. We then describe the forward and inverse problems, including subject-specific head modeling, source reconstruction techniques, and the importance of accurate anatomical modeling for reliable source localization. Strategies for mitigating volume conduction and signal leakage are discussed, together with best practices for source-space connectivity analysis. The chapter reviews widely used functional and effective connectivity measures, including coherence, phase synchronization metrics, amplitude envelope correlation, Granger causality, dynamic causal modeling, and transfer entropy, highlighting their assumptions, advantages, and limitations. Modern end-to-end analysis pipelines are presented, with particular emphasis on Brainstorm and complementary open-source software for reproducible EEG/MEG research. Finally, we discuss emerging approaches, including time-varying connectivity, cross-frequency interactions, and network-based analyses, illustrating how noninvasive electrophysiology contributes to understanding brain organization in health and disease. The chapter provides both conceptual foundations and practical guidance for researchers and advanced students seeking to map and interpret human brain networks using EEG and MEG.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16225v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) face a severe calibration bottleneck due to cross-subject spatial covariance shifts and physiological artifacts. To enable zero-calibration BCI, a deep learning pipeline was engineered combining Per-Session Independent Component Analysis, Riemannian Euclidean Alignment, and EEGNet stabilized by Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA). Evaluated on the strict MOABB BNCI2014-001 benchmark, the proposed architecture successfully isolates true sensorimotor rhythms. For the primary case study (Subject 1), a clinically robust SWA stable accuracy of 90.97% (AUC: 0.976, Cohen's $\kappa$: 0.819) was achieved. Furthermore, expanded 9-fold Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation yielded a globally stable mean accuracy of 74.31%, proving hardware-agnostic zero-shot efficacy for binary motor imagery.
180h agoarXiv:2412.18613v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Illusions are entertaining, but they are also a useful diagnostic tool in cognitive science, philosophy, and neuroscience. A typical illusion shows a gap between how something `really is' and how something `appears to be', and this gap helps us understand the mental processing that led to how something appears to be. Illusions are also useful for investigating artificial systems, and much research has examined whether computational models of perception fall prey to the same illusions as people. Here, I invert the standard use of perceptual illusions to examine basic processing errors in current vision language models. I present these models with illusory-illusions, neighbors of common illusions that should not elicit processing errors. These include such things as perfectly reasonable ducks, crooked lines that truly are crooked, circles that seem to have different sizes because they are, in fact, of different sizes, and so on. I show that many current vision language systems mistakenly see these illusion-illusions as illusions. I suggest that such failures are part of broader failures already discussed in the literature.
180h agoarXiv:2508.10051v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Infrastructure shapes societies and scientific discovery. Traditional scientific infrastructure, often static and fragmented, leads to issues like data silos, lack of interoperability and reproducibility, and unsustainable short-lived solutions. Our current technical inability and social reticence to connect and coordinate scientific research and engineering lead to inefficiencies and impede progress. With AI technologies changing how we interact with the world around us, there is an opportunity to transform scientific processes. Neuroscience's exponential growth of multimodal and multiscale data, together with its urgent clinical relevance, demands an adaptive infrastructure that can expose computable states, coordinate across systems, and improve through use. Using neuroscience as a stress test, this perspective argues for a paradigm shift: infrastructure must evolve into a dynamic, AI-aligned ecosystem to accelerate science. Building on several existing principles for data, collective benefit, and digital repositories, I recommend operational guidelines for implementing these principles to create this dynamic ecosystem, aiming to foster a decentralized, self-learning, and self-correcting system where humans and AI can collaborate seamlessly. Addressing the chronic underfunding of scientific infrastructure, acknowledging diverse contributions beyond publications, and coordinating global efforts are critical for this transformation. A coordinating role, even more than analysis, is where AI becomes transformative rather than merely assistive. By prioritizing an intelligent infrastructure as a central scientific instrument for knowledge generation, we can overcome current limitations, accelerate discovery, ensure reproducibility and ethical practices, and ultimately translate neuroscientific understanding into tangible societal benefits, setting a blueprint for other scientific domains.
180h agoarXiv:2601.08056v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Animal behavior reflects interactions between the nervous system, body, and environment. Therefore, biomechanics and environmental context must be considered to understand algorithms for behavioral control. Computational models that embed artificial neural controllers within body models in simulated environments are a powerful tool for this purpose. Here, we review advances in biorealistic neuromechanical models while also highlighting emerging opportunities ahead. We first show how these models enable inference of biophysical variables that are difficult to measure experimentally. Through systematic perturbations, one can generate new experimentally testable hypotheses using these models. We then examine how neuromechanical models facilitate the exchange among neuroscience, robotics, and machine learning, and showcase their applications in healthcare. We envision that coupling experimental studies with active probing of their neuromechanical surrogates will significantly accelerate progress in neuroscience.
180h agoarXiv:2607.03890v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Precise sound localization relies on microsecond sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs), yet binaural perception exhibits sluggish tracking of dynamic acoustic cues. How such extraordinary temporal precision arises despite comparatively slow neural responses remains unresolved. This study proposes that ITD is represented as a stable equilibrium of neural population dynamics rather than through the classical place-coding framework based on delay-line coincidence detection. In this framework, excitatory and inhibitory interactions across frequency channels drive the system toward an equilibrium corresponding to the estimated ITD. The resulting dynamics achieve microsecond-level precision and reproduce key physiological observations, including frequency-dependent best-delay distributions, without requiring explicit delay lines or precisely timed inhibition. These results challenge the classical place-coding framework and suggest a fundamentally different principle for binaural computation. More generally, the findings suggest that microsecond-level sensitivity and sluggish binaural perception are complementary consequences of the same equilibrium dynamics, offering a potential resolution to a long-standing paradox in auditory neuroscience.
180h agoarXiv:2501.05378v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Advances in wireless electroencephalography (EEG) technology promise to record brain-electrical activity in everyday situations. To better understand the relationship between brain activity and natural behavior, it is necessary to monitor human movement patterns. Here, we present a pocketable setup consisting of two smartphones to simultaneously capture human posture and EEG signals. We asked 26 basketball players to shoot 120 free throws each. First, we investigated whether our setup allows us to capture the readiness potential (RP) that precedes voluntary actions. Second, we investigated whether the RP differs between successful and unsuccessful free-throw attempts. The results confirmed the presence of the RP over fronto-central channels, with significant negative deflection at channel Cz, from -400 to 0 ms before movement onset ($M$ $\pm$ $SE$: -6.54 $\pm$ 2.26 to -13.52 $\pm$ 2.42 $\mu$V; $z$ = -2.53 to -3.92; FDR-corrected $p$ = 0.049 to 0.003; $r$ = 0.50 to 0.77). However, the amplitude of the RP was not related to shooting success (all FDR-corrected $p$ > 0.05; maximum mean $R^2$ = 0.047, i.e., 4.7% explained variance). Preliminary exploratory pose analysis conducted offline indicated the presence of participant-specific variations in posture between successful and unsuccessful shots in 38.5% of participants (10/26), with 4.5% explained variance (maximum mean landmark $R^2$ = 0.045). We conclude that a highly portable, low-cost and lightweight acquisition setup, consisting of two smartphones and a head-mounted wireless EEG amplifier, is sufficient to monitor complex human movement patterns and associated brain dynamics outside the laboratory.
180h agoarXiv:2509.01235v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Balancing training accuracy and adversarial robustness has beeen a challenge since the birth of deep learning. Here, we introduce a geometry-aware deep learning framework that leverages layer-wise local training to sculpt the internal representations of deep neural networks. This framework promotes intra-class compactness and inter-class separation in feature space, leading to manifold smoothness and adversarial robustness against white or black box attacks. The performance can be explained by \blue{data-dependent statistical mechanics of integrating out the network parameters}, \blue{supplemented by a phenomenological model} with Hebbian coupling between elements of the hidden representation. Based on the current geometry-aware learning framework, the deep network can assimilate new information into existing knowledge structures while reducing representation interference.
180h agoarXiv:2602.08640v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Universal approximation theorems establish the expressive capacity of neural network architectures. For dynamical systems, existing results are limited to finite time horizons or systems with a globally stable equilibrium, leaving multistability and limit cycles unaddressed. We prove that Neural ODEs achieve $\varepsilon$-$\delta$ closeness -- trajectories within error $\varepsilon$ except for initial conditions of measure $< \delta$ -- over the \emph{infinite} time horizon $[0,\infty)$ for three target classes: (1) Morse-Smale systems (a structurally stable class) with hyperbolic fixed points, (2) Morse-Smale systems with hyperbolic limit cycles via exact period matching, and (3) systems with normally hyperbolic continuous attractors via discretization. We further establish a temporal generalization bound: $\varepsilon$-$\delta$ closeness implies $L^p$ error $\leq \varepsilon^p + \delta \cdot D^p$ for all $t \geq 0$, bridging topological guarantees to training metrics. These results provide the first universal approximation framework for multistable infinite-horizon dynamics.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16328v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spontaneous stochasticity (SpSt), originating in Richardson's picture of turbulent dispersion and Lorenz's Eulerian view of finite-time loss of predictability, was later formulated under this name by Gaw\k{e}dzki and collaborators and developed in shell models by Mailybaev and collaborators. Whether it occurs in fully developed turbulence remains a major open question. Beyond a few specific classes of systems, however, SpSt has lacked a general mathematical definition. We introduce a measure-theoretic formalism in which it is understood as a measure-selection principle. Given an inviscid problem, a well-posed regularization, and an ambient measure, we study the pushforward of that measure by the regularized flow. Strong SpSt occurs when these pushforward measures converge to a non-Dirac probability law, replacing classical deterministic selection by statistical selection. For finite-dimensional systems, we establish several structural results. Our central attainability theorem shows that, whenever the inviscid problem is nonunique, any probability measure supported on the set of inviscid states can be selected as the limiting law of a suitable regularization. We also identify singular sets in the inviscid dynamics, detected through Dini-type directional growth, as necessary obstructions underlying nonuniqueness. We analyze the relation between SpSt and sensitivity to initial data, clarifying the scope and limitations of turbulence-inspired finite-time separation criteria. Finally, we develop a renormalization-(semi)group viewpoint in which limiting statistics arise as statistical attractors. Explicit examples illustrate how ambient measures, inviscid singularities, regularization scales, and initial-data sensitivity interact in the emergence of SpSt.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16340v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We use perturbation theory to study kinks in nonlinear Klein--Gordon ($\phi^4$ and sine-Gordon) chains and in a discrete series-connected Josephson transmission line. The expansion parameter is the ratio of the lattice period to the kink width. The next-to-leading-order approximation modifies the kink profiles obtained previously in the leading-order approximation.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16482v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate integrability-breaking transitions in two classes of stadium-like billiards with parabolic boundaries. While focusing boundaries generate a mixed phase space in which regular islands coexist with a chaotic sea, dispersing boundaries produce a fully chaotic phase space for any finite boundary deformation. By analyzing the scaling behavior of the roughness $\omega$, we identify two qualitatively distinct transitions: a continuous transition for the focusing geometry and a first-order transition for the dispersing one. We determine the corresponding critical exponents and establish the associated scaling laws. For the continuous transition, we further provide a complete characterization within the framework of critical phenomena by identifying the broken symmetry, the order parameter and its diverging susceptibility, the elementary excitations responsible for chaotic diffusion, and the topological defects governing transport. These results establish a statistical-mechanics framework for describing integrability-breaking transitions in Hamiltonian billiards and suggest that the concepts of critical phenomena naturally extend to deterministic nonlinear dynamical systems.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16606v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chirality in a discrete $Z_q$ spin interaction distinguishes clockwise from counterclockwise phase differences, but its manifestation in continuous nonlinear dynamics is unclear. We show that any pairwise $Z_q$ Hamiltonian admits a unique equilibrium-preserving embedding into a continuous phase-energy landscape that matches the discrete energy on the $q$-state phase grid, where every grid point is stationary. This embedding reveals that a $Z_q$ kernel is nonchiral if and only if the sine components of the relaxation vanish. Chirality of the discrete $Z_q$ model is therefore exactly the odd part of the continuous phase interaction. In the induced nonlinear phase dynamics, this odd part becomes an orientation-dependent phase shift in the multi-harmonic coupling, and chiral reversal flips this shift while preserving the coupling magnitudes. In self-sustaining oscillator networks, the shift is further realized as a direction-dependent delay. Transistor-level ring-oscillator simulations validate the predicted phase locking and reversal of directed phase bias. These results show that algebraic handedness in a discrete spin Hamiltonian can be represented as tunable time-domain asymmetry in continuous nonlinear dynamics.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17055v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We develop a generalized contact Hamiltonian framework by extending canonical contact Hamiltonian mechanics to nonlinear dissipative systems through the replacement of the classical linear contact potential with a smooth nonlinear contact potential. The proposed formulation establishes a generalized energy dissipation law together with a structural characterization of admissible contact-induced damping, introducing effective contact dissipation as an intrinsic geometric measure of adaptive dissipation. As an application, a generalized contact Duffing oscillator is derived, in which dissipation emerges intrinsically from the contact geometry rather than being introduced phenomenologically. Numerical investigations of the generalized contact Duffing oscillator demonstrate that nonlinear contact geometry governs the effective dissipation and produces significant changes in the phase-space structure, energy decay, dynamical stability, and long-term nonlinear behavior. The proposed theory therefore provides a systematic geometric framework for constructing and analyzing nonlinear dissipative Hamiltonian systems within contact Hamiltonian mechanics.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17446v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We systematically investigate the existence, stability, and dynamics of optical solitons in the framework of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with the Riesz-fractional diffraction operator, cubic self-focusing, and linear loss, balanced by a linear parametric drive. The model, which can be realized in a laser cavity, produces standing and moving solitons, the latter ones existing below a critical velocity. One of the soliton species is stable in a wide range of parameters, while others are unstable. The fractional diffraction significantly alters the existence conditions and stability thresholds of the solitons. Collision between moving solitons are considered too. The results essentially expand the variety of nonlinear modes in media with fractional diffraction.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17749v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Asymptotic equivalence between the quasi-Grammian and quasi-Wronskian representations of $N$-soliton solutions in the $J$-matrix formulation of the anti-self-dual Yang-Mills (ASDYM) equation is established up to a constant matrix factor. This formulation, known as the Yang equation, serves as the equation of motion of the four-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW$_4$) model and is equivalent to the ASDYM equation. To visualize the solitonic behavior, the action density of the WZW$_4$ model is evaluated for $\mathrm{G}=\mathrm{U}(2)$, demonstrating that the quasi-Grammian and quasi-Wronskian representations exhibit the same asymptotic soliton profiles, while the phase shift factors associated with $N$-soliton collisions are obtained explicitly. Hence, by virtue of the particle-like nature of solitons, the two representations describe the same class of ASDYM $N$-soliton solutions. These solitons can be regarded as a four-dimensional analogue of KP/KdV-type multi-solitons in fluid dynamics, suggesting a possible connection between the ASDYM equation and higher-dimensional Sato theory. Exact quasi-Grammian $N$-soliton solutions are also presented for $N\leq4$.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17868v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Known integrable systems with noncommutative dependent variables are typically formulated over free associative algebras, quantum algebras, or Grassmann algebras. For differential-difference integrable equations, we identify a new class of noncommutative algebras that is compatible with the dynamics and can be positioned between quantum and free algebras. In this brief communication, we consider reductions of the nonabelian Volterra hierarchy to new algebras. This approach extends to a broad class of integrable systems, including the Toda lattice, the Ablowitz-Ladik system, and many others.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17909v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The edge-of-chaos heuristic has long served as a guiding principle for designing reservoir computers, yet its relevance to machine performance remains elusive. Here, taking the spectral radius of the reservoir network as the control parameter, we show that the radius yielding the best forecasting performance does not coincide with the Lyapunov edge of the isolated, teacher-forced, or closed-loop generative reservoir. By analyzing the collective dynamics of the teacher-forced reservoir, we find that the target dynamics are represented mainly by stable Lyapunov modes whose finite-time stability is strongly modulated by the input. This finding motivates a stability-expressivity transfer index, which balances the stability of these modes against their expressivity in representing the target. Across chaotic and quasiperiodic targets, and for both asymmetric and symmetric reservoirs, this index accurately identifies the optimal spectral radius for autonomous forecasting.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17955v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate Darboux constructions generated by multiple spatial roots of the coupled Fokas-Lenells system on a plane-wave background. Nonreal double roots give regular one-fold transformations, whereas real double and triple roots require directional real-spectrum limits. We classify the admissible projective null sets, derive the leading spectral corrections, and establish global regularity. A critical background relation additionally produces a persistent zero branch, leading to distinct nonlocal plateaus along parabolic corridors, cubic level sets, and a characteristic line.
180h agoarXiv:2506.03455v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Memory, understood as time non-locality, is a fundamental property of any physical system, whether classical or quantum, and has important applications in a wide variety of technologies. In the context of quantum technologies, systems with memory can be used in quantum information, communication, and sensing. Here, we demonstrate that cavity optomechanical systems driven by a pulsed laser can operate as programmable quantum memory elements. By engineering the adiabatic and non-adiabatic pulses, particularly the Gaussian and sinusoidal, we induce and control diverse memory phenomena such as dynamical hysteresis, quantized phononic transitions, and distinct energy-storing responses. Within a mean-field approach, we derive the analytical and numerical criteria under which the photonic and phononic observables manifest the memory effects in strongly driven regimes. The memory effects are quantified through a dimensionless geometric form factor, which provides a versatile metric to characterize the memory efficiency. Our protocol is readily compatible with the current optomechanical platforms, highlighting the new possibilities for advanced memory functionalities in quantum technologies.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16435v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate two-color, two dimensional spatially localized light modes in a resonant Kerr third-harmonic generation model. Using computational tools, we identify two distinct families of localized states. Unlike the single-component 2D nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation and previously studied non-resonant two-color systems, the dynamics are not dictated by a universal critical power, but depend on the distribution of power between the harmonics. The "fundamental-dominated" family acts as a "dynamical separatrix" between simultaneous collapse and joint diffraction, whereas the "third-harmonic-dominated" family does not. We further identify resonant collapse events accompanied by strong oscillations of the third harmonic, revealing a collapse mechanism absent from standard Kerr self-focusing.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16820v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the existence and dynamics of two-dimensional solitary waves in a quantum droplet environment described by the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation featuring logarithmic mean-field and Lee-Huang-Yang interactions. In the modulationally stable regime of the background, we employ suitable multiscale asymptotic methods to derive effective nonlinear integrable models corresponding to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Davey-Stewartson equations. Based on these reduced models, we construct approximate analytical solutions describing line solitons, algebraically localized lump solitons, ring solitons, and exponentially localized dromions embedded on the droplet background. The dynamical robustness of these solutions is monitored through numerical simulations. Line, lump and ring solitons stay closest to the theoretical predictions, although progressively deviate due to the emergence of small-amplitude radiation, while dromions depart from their analytical waveform the most, although they roughly maintain their shape. Our results unveil unprecedented multidimensional soliton solutions in models featuring the competition of mean-field and quantum fluctuations and as such are amenable to current ultracold atom experiments.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17709v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In this work, we propose a novel framework for the functional controllability of the ant swarm model, a well-known and relevant model of collective behaviour. Our approach introduces a population of controlling stigmergic agents, trained via Reinforcement Learning (RL), that act on the environment to influence the system dynamics and promote the emergence of ordered behaviour. Stigmergic agents are optimized in a centralized-training decentralized-execution setting, interacting with ants only through the shared pheromone field. The reward design promotes trail pheromone structures and alignment of ant positions with high-pheromone paths, without requiring control of specific microscopic configurations. Our results demonstrate that the learned policies effectively shift the phase transition line that characterizes the global behaviour of the system, enabling the emergence of trails scenarios in regimes that are typically dominated by randomness. This study provides insights into the potential of RL based control strategies for complex systems, contributing to the general understanding of functional controllability in this field.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The present paper is a study of the large scale properties of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. By using a Schwinger-Dyson framework, we aim to provide a proof that the only solutions that can sustain a stable scaling in the infrared limit have a negative effective viscosity (in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky sense) with a minimal set of hypotheses, thereby showing that this constitutes a general property of the wave equation that does not depend on a specific set of truncations of a renormalisation group flow, or limitations of a given numerical scheme for example.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17918v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The impact of an externally imposed magnetic field on numerical simulations of two-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC) is investigated. Initially, the RBC model is examined in the absence of a magnetic field to establish a baseline. Then, a background magnetic field is introduced, and its influence on the transition to chaos is explored. For the purely hydrodynamic case and a range of the reduced Rayleigh number, the system exhibits traveling rolls which, after an attractor-merging crisis, give way to chaotic traveling rolls. Upon imposing a background magnetic field, there is a notable increase in the occurrence of traveling roll dynamics. Furthermore, the presence of the magnetic field favors the splitting/breaking of convective rolls, indicating a possible mechanism for transition to two-dimensional turbulence, with the structure of the convection cell being disrupted. A detailed analysis of the velocity field reveals that the collision between a saddle point and the center of a convective roll restores the system's original topology, with two symmetric kinetic vortices. During this collision, a magnetic vortex splits in two as a result of a magnetic reconnection. This behavior occurs intermittently in time.
180h agoarXiv:1612.04655v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The paper is focused on the discussion of the phenomenon of transitional chaos in dynamic autonomous and non-autonomous systems. This phenomenon involves the disappearance of chaotic oscillations in specific time periods and the system becoming predictable. Variable dynamics of the system may be used to control the process.
180h agoarXiv:2607.08676v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this note we explore numerically the finite Bernoulli convolutions. We show that with a suitable choice of parameter, it might serve as a toy model for intermittent energy cascade in fully developed turbulence. We then show how the crossings of $\beta$-expansions distribute in $\beta$, and suggest that it might highlight the parameters with enhanced overlap structure that are related to measures that are singular continuous. We later introduce a notion of order to the $\beta$-expansions based on the lexicographical order of the $N$-binary words, and observe that for most sampled adjacent pairs when $\beta=2$, the distance in their order increases exponentially when $\beta$ decreases from 2 to 1. This suggests 'chaotic' behavior, with the 'Lyapunov exponents' bunched into several clusters that depend on $N$. We end the note with some 'order plots' and an interesting connection between the finite $\beta$-compactum with $\beta=g$ (g being the golden ratio) and binary reflected Gray code.
180h agoarXiv:2410.12919v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In the past decade, photo-induced superconducting-like behaviors have been reported in a number of materials driven by intense pump fields. Of particular interest is the high-Tc cuprate YBCO, where such effect has been reported up to the so-called pseudogap temperature T*~300-400 K. In a recent experiment, a transient magnetic field which is proportional to and in the same direction of an applied field has been observed outside the sample, suggestive of flux exclusion due to the Meissner effect. In this paper, we present an alternative interpretation of these experiments based on a mechanism that we term the flux-Floquet instability of the sine-Gordon (SG) model. We take as our premise the model of preformed Cooper pairs in the pseudogap phase. Starting from the local superconducting order parameter in equilibrium, we introduce an extended SG model to describe the dynamics of the relative phase between the layers of a bilayer. We demonstrate that a combination of external magnetic field and strong terahertz drive used in experiments by Fava et al. results in a novel Floquet instability in the model. This instability leads to currents at the edges of the bilayer formed by defects or grain boundaries, with the current flowing in the opposite direction of the equilibrium screening current, producing a giant paramagnetic magnetization in the same direction as the applied field. We show how this scenario can fit most of the available data. To the extent that this model can account for the data, we conclude that the experiments have the important consequence of revealing the presence of local pairing in the pseudogap phase. More broadly our results reveal a new instability in the SG equation that is of fundamental interest, with potential applications such as providing a mechanism for generating large magnetic fields at ultrafast time scales in Josephson devices.
180h agoarXiv:2410.16005v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Metastatic prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. In this work, we explore how a clinical oncologist can apply a Stackelberg game-theoretic framework to prolong metastatic prostate cancer survival, or even make it chronic in duration. We utilize a Bayesian optimization approach to identify the optimal adaptive chemotherapeutic treatment policy for a single drug (Abiraterone) to maximize the time before the patient begins to show symptoms. We show that, with precise adaptive optimization of drug delivery, it is possible to significantly prolong the cancer suppression period, potentially converting metastatic prostate cancer from a terminal disease to a chronic disease for most patients, as supported by clinical and analytical evidence. We suggest that clinicians might explore the possibility of implementing a high-level tight control (HLTC) treatment, in which the trigger signals (i.e. biomarker levels) for drug administration and cessation are both high and close together, typically yield the best outcomes, as demonstrated through both computation and theoretical analysis. This simple insight could serve as a valuable guide for improving current adaptive chemotherapy treatments in other hormone-sensitive cancers.
180h agoarXiv:2512.13252v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate the emergence of a time-crystalline phase in a single-band holographic superconductor, extending the AdS/CFT framework. By incorporating a nonlinear gauge-scalar coupling and external driving, we derive coupled equations of motion for the plasma and Higgs modes, analogous to those in high-Tc superconductors. Multi-scale analysis reveals a sum resonance with subharmonic growth indicating broken time-translation symmetry. We perform numerical computation of quasinormal mode and demonstrate the transition to the time-crystalline phase. The holographic model may serve as a robust tool for studying strongly coupled time crystals.
180h agoarXiv:2601.06416v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate the integrability of spinning compact body dynamics at quadratic order in spin in four-dimensional Einstein spacetimes admitting a non-degenerate Killing--Yano tensor. Working within the Mathisson--Papapetrou--Tulczyjew--Dixon framework under the Tulczyjew--Dixon spin supplementary condition, we model the spin-induced quadrupole with a deformability parameter $\kappa$, where $\kappa=1$ corresponds to black holes. The dynamics is formulated as a Hamiltonian system on a 10-dimensional physical phase space obtained by Dirac--Bergmann reduction. For $\kappa=1$, we establish Liouville--Arnold integrability at quadratic order in spin by constructing five independent, Poisson-commuting first integrals, including a generalization of the Carter constant and the R\"udiger constant to quadratic-in-spin order in Einstein spacetimes beyond Kerr. For $\kappa \neq 1$, the R\"udiger and Carter constants are no longer conserved; integrability does not persist at this order. All our results are carried out in a covariant manner and numerically verified, and Kerr is recovered as a special case. These results show that integrability can extend beyond Kerr and beyond the linear-in-spin regime, while its breakdown for $\kappa \neq 1$ points to the spin-induced quadrupole as a decisive probe of compact body structure.
180h agoarXiv:2602.13080v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion-driven instability is a fundamental mechanism underlying pattern formation in spatially extended systems. In almost all existing works, diffusion across the links of the underlying network is modeled through scalar weights, possibly complemented by cross-diffusion terms that are homogeneous across links. In this work, we investigate the emergence of Turing patterns on Matrix Weighted Networks (MWNs), a recently introduced framework in which each edge is associated with a matrix weight. Focusing on the class of coherent MWNs, we provide a novel characterization of coherence in terms of node-dependent orthonormal matrices, showing that link transformations can be written as relative rotations between nodes. This representation allows us to deal with coherent MWNs of any size and to introduce an orthonormal change of variables capable to reduce diffusion on a coherent MWN to diffusion on a standard weighted network with scalar weights. Building on this, we extend the classical Turing instability analysis to MWNs and derive the conditions under which a homogeneous equilibrium of the local dynamics loses stability due to matrix-weighted diffusion. Moving beyond the dimensional constraints of previous approaches, our results show how network topology, scalar weights, and inter-node transformations jointly shape pattern formation, and provide a constructive framework to analyze and design Turing patterns on matrix-weighted and higher-order networked systems.
180h agoarXiv:2604.02263v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We demonstrate that wave amplification enables even weak nonlinearities to reshape linear wave-packet transport in nonreciprocal systems. We study the dynamics of bulk Gaussian wave-packets in the Hatano--Nelson model with on-site cubic nonlinearity. We show that the interplay between nonlinearity and amplification generates growing frequency shifts that drive the wave-packet through three successive dynamical regimes: an early nonlinear-skin regime with coherent propagation, an intermediate wave-mixing regime driven by eigenmode resonances, and a self-trapping regime in which part of the packet localizes while the remainder ballistically spreads along the system favored direction. The crossover time scales are set by the width and averaged spacing of the eigenfrequency spectrum. Crucially, within the nonlinear-skin regime, we derive analytical predictions for the wave-packet dynamics and show that nonlinearity couples amplification, dispersion, and nonreciprocity, thereby modifying the magnitude of the wave-packet acceleration and introducing an explicit time dependence into its evolution. Focusing nonlinearities suppress the acceleration and cause it to decrease in time, whereas defocusing nonlinearities enhance it and cause it to increase. We further show that nonlinear interactions typically break down the wave-packet before the non-Hermitian jump can occur. Our results provide a route toward accurate control of waves in nonreciprocal metamaterials.
180h agoarXiv:2606.11885v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We characterize the quasi-stationary distribution (QSD) of the bond directed-percolation line of the Domany--Kinzel automaton using a matrix-product-state representation of the probability distribution, obtained by projecting out the absorbing state and iterating the transfer matrix. Unlike moment- or sampling-based methods, this yields the full conditional distribution and direct access to information-theoretic diagnostics. The spatial structure of the QSD changes sharply across the transition: the active phase is bulk-like with finite density, whereas in the inactive phase the surviving activity collapses into a single flock -- the smallest interval containing all active sites -- occupying a vanishing fraction of the chain. Throughout the inactive phase the bipartite mutual information of the QSD equals the entropy of a single binary choice -- whether the flock lies to the left or right of the cut -- so the surviving clusters together encode just one bit of positional information, corresponding to a single effective cluster.
180h agoarXiv:2607.07495v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study kink-antikink collisions in a $(1+1)$-dimensional $\phi^8$ scalar field theory with multiple degenerate vacua. We derive soliton solutions for different vacuum structures labeled by $n=p_2/p_1$, and focus on the cases $n=2$ and $n=3$. We perform numerical simulations in all topological sectors and for both kink-antikink ($K\bar K$) and $\bar K K$ orderings. In the $(-1/2,1/2)$ sector, the kink-antikink pair annihilates for all initial velocities. To the best of our knowledge, this full-velocity annihilation regime has not been reported in $\phi^8$ kink collisions. We also find fractal multi-bounce windows in the $(-1,-1/2)$, $(-1,-1/3)$, and $(-1/3,1/3)$ sectors. Our main result indicates an effective-potential classification of these collision outcomes. We show that the shape of the effective potential is closely related to the final channel. It determines whether the pair escapes, forms a bion, annihilates, or changes sector. When the solitons pass through each other, the effective potential can change suddenly. This gives a possible mechanism for annihilation and sector change. Our results establish connections among topological structure, spectrum and effective potentials in higher-order scalar field theories.
180h agoarXiv:2607.13673v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The mirror Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) describes the spectrum of $\text{AdS}_3\times\text{S}^3\times \text{T}^4$ superstrings supported by a mixture of Ramond-Ramond (RR) and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz (NSNS) flux. In recent years, a conjecture was put forward regarding the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) formulation in the Ramond-Ramond case. In this paper, we initiate the derivation of the Ramond-Ramond QSC from the mirror TBA equations. We describe the Y-system underlying the TBA and its discontinuity relations for pure-RR backgrounds. This provides the foundation for the derivation of the T-system and the Quantum Spectral Curve, which will be presented in a follow-up paper.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16445v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-assemblies of tunable units are being intensively studied as physical systems with signal-processing capabilities. Specifically, silver nanowire networks (AgNWNs) have demonstrated accumulation, non-linearity, and memory retention with multiple timescales, features that enable a wide variety of neuromorphic implementations. In this study, we aim to extract the interconnection scheme to analyze the experimentally obtained network architecture and, eventually, use it as input to a previously developed simulation platform. By post-processing photomicrographs of AgNWN, we present a pipeline optimized to extract the interconnection diagram, recognizing the intersections formed among the nanowires, to determine the associated graph for each physical sample. A graph is a collection of nodes and edges whose properties can be associated with different electrical responses. It is thus possible to study graphs' metrics, such as the degree distribution, community size, clustering coefficient, and path-length, to compare the experimental assemblies' attributes to those of topological models of reference. Small-world, modular, and scale-free are well-known structures in the field of mathematical graphs. By analyzing the degree distribution, the adjacency matrices, among other useful representation means, the experimental assemblies reveal similarities to both small-world and modular topologies. All the mentioned analyses were conducted considering the interconnection scheme obtained from zenithal-view optical images, which overestimates the number of NWs' interconnections (due to the impossibility of distinguishing real junctions from spurious cross-points between vertically displaced NWs). For that reason, this communication also studies the impact of artificially removing junctions from the resulting graphs on the previously calculated clustering coefficient and path length.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16871v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Equivariant graph neural networks have proven effective tools for inference of material's properties directly from their structure. Traditionally, these have been applied such that they respect full $O(3)$ equivariance, so that any rotation or reflection of the input structure is respected in the model's output. While this works for general arrangements of atoms, additional symmetries of atomistic systems are left unleveraged. Furthermore, any symmetries of the filter functions are implicitly learned from the full dataset and not strictly enforced. In this work, we introduce point-group symmetry aware equivariant graph neural networks (PGEqNN) for materials science, with filter functions aligned with symmetry-aware indices for greater granularity in predictive tasks. With this architecture, we show that most of the predictive power of equivariant networks for tensorial elastic and dielectric datasets lies in the trivial subspaces of the point-group adapted bases. Exploiting this, an $A_1$-restricted variant matches or improves on its full point-group and $SO(3)$-partitioned counterparts while training fewer active parameters, yielding leaner models of equal accuracy.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16984v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Magnetoresistance hysteresis is often used to estimate the coercive field of a magnetic material. We reanalyse our published magnetotransport and magnetometry data on compacted powders of the half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2 and show that this identification can fail in a granular conductor. The field Hp at the resistance maximum may be close to, above, or below the bulk coercive field Hc, depending on temperature and measuring current. For three samples with different particle shapes and insulating-shell thicknesses, the digitized ratio Hp/Hc follows the same qualitative sequence and suggests a common crossover near 15 K. We interpret this behaviour as a change in which interparticle junctions control the electrical response. Bulk magnetometry averages over the entire magnetic volume, whereas tunnelling resistance gives the largest weight to the small set of links that carries the current. Cohn's exact network-sensitivity theorem provides a rigorous linear-response definition of these transport weights. In simple terms, Cohn showed that the influence of a given contact on the total resistance is proportional to the square of the current flowing through that contact. Combined with known magnetic pair-correlation effects, this leads to the concept of transport-weighted coercivity. In granular sensors and spin-dependent composites, the resistance peak cannot automatically be treated as the bulk coercive field. Conversely, the difference Hp - Hc may serve as a diagnostic of current-path localization, barrier evolution, and device-to-device variability.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17104v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate a one-dimensional lattice with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a Zeeman potential containing uniform and quasiperiodic components. By tuning SOC, anomalous mobility edges emerge that separate critical from non-critical states, yielding a reentrant transition between two mixed phases, M$_1$$\to$M$_2$$\to$M$_1$, where M$_1$ (M$_2$) lacks (hosts) anomalous mobility edges. A new \emph{reentrant criticality transition}, defined as multiple entries into the critical phase, is identified. As a counterpart to reentrant delocalization/localization transitions, it completes the basic framework of reentrant phenomena across extended, localized, and critical states. The uniform Zeeman potential drives a reentrant delocalization transition, arising from the splitting of the localized region induced by the shift of mobility edges. This reveals a distinct pathway for reentrant phenomena beyond hybridization mechanisms.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17146v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a continuous geometric framework that models the discrete algebraic operations of the Transformer architecture as an integro-differential equation (IDE) on a semantic fiber bundle $\calE = \calM \times \R^d$. Beginning from a single geometric axiom -- that the token sequence forms a discrete $1$-manifold equipped with a canonical measure lattice -- we translate every core component of the modern Transformer (RMSNorm, RoPE, Softmax Attention, FFN, Residual Stream, SGD, Weight Decay) into a cohesive vocabulary of differential geometry, measure theory, and stochastic calculus. The resulting framework yields quantitative predictions spanning entropic optimal transport (Attention as a Schr\"odinger bridge) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics (SGD as It\^{o} diffusion violating detailed balance). We conduct a six-part experimental campaign across five architectures (Qwen3, LLaMA\nobreakdash-3.1, Gemma\nobreakdash-3, GPT-2, Mistral) spanning $124$M to $8$B parameters. The empirical observables are quantitatively consistent with the geometric predictions: the $\epsilon^{-1/2}$ Lipschitz scaling calibration at machine precision ($R^2 = 1.000$), the Lie--Trotter operator-splitting torsion, the symmetric ablation instability confirming the Dual-Law of Topological Stability, the $\calO(1/\sqrt{k})$ thermodynamic suppression of Poincar\'e recurrence on the RoPE torus, the thermodynamic context-limit phase transition, and the Non-Equilibrium Steady State parameter vortex -- verified across two optimizers (AdamW and Pure SGD) to exclude momentum artifacts. The results demonstrate that analyzing Transformers through the lens of continuous stochastic differential geometry provides a predictive descriptive vocabulary for the stability limits, context bounds, and optimization dynamics of Large Language Models.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17234v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: A three-body Hopfield model defined on sparse random graphs with finite mean connectivity is studied using a replica-symmetric (RS) analysis. By extending the functional replica framework for conventional two-body finite-connectivity Hopfield models, self-consistent equations for the local-field distribution are derived and solved numerically by population dynamics. In contrast to two-body sparse Hopfield models, three-body interactions induce a discontinuous retrieval transition, coexistence of paramagnetic and retrieval solutions, and a distinct spinodal structure. Starting the RS population dynamics from an uninformative finite-amplitude field distribution leads to a spin-glass-like fixed point at low temperatures rather than to the retrieval state. This trapping already occurs for a single embedded pattern, where conventional cross-talk noise among stored patterns is absent, indicating that it originates from the combination of sparse connectivity and three-body interactions. Within the RS description, increasing the number of embedded patterns drives a crossing between the retrieval and glassy free-energy branches, making the glassy branch thermodynamically stable at high load. Finite-size Monte Carlo simulations using population annealing support the RS description of the retrieval branch and reproduce the trapping behavior under cooling, while deviations from the RS spin-glass branch point to replica-symmetry breaking in the low-temperature glassy regime. The characteristic storage load scales linearly with the mean connectivity, reflecting the sparse number of couplings. These results clarify how many-body discontinuity and sparse graph disorder simultaneously influence the accessibility and capacity of associative memory.
180h agoarXiv:2607.18179v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study a quantum particle hopping on an infinite Cayley tree with nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes drawn from a distribution singular as $|t|^{-a}$ near weak links and no on-site disorder. Because the graph is bipartite, the model has chiral symmetry, which strongly affects the statistics of eigenstates at the center of the spectrum. Using population dynamics to solve the cavity equations for the propagator, we analyze the distribution of the local density of states and show that it develops broad power-law tails. These tails imply an unusual form of wave-function statistics, which we call semi-fractality: the eigenstates occupy an extensive fraction of the system, but their higher moments behave as in a multifractal state. We find that the symmetry properties of the local-density-of-states distribution are not fixed only by the symmetry class, but vary continuously with the exponent controlling the power-law hopping distribution. As this exponent is changed, the system crosses from a semi-fractal regime to a localized one. At the transition, the wave functions realize an extreme intermediate form that we call semi-localized, simultaneously extended in their support but localized according to higher moments.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16561v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We solve the two models for Glauber dynamics and in equilibrium, both in the presence and absence of the external magnetic field on a complete graph. We compare the steady state of the Glauber dynamics with equilibrium and find that for low values of variance $R$ of the Gaussian random field, the steady state of the Glauber dynamics depends on the initial state. Beyond a critical value $R_{c}$ the equilibrium and non equilibrium steady states coincide. The variance $R$ in random field models behaves similar to the temperature. The location of both the continuous and first order transitions can be obtained exactly for the Glauber dynamics steady state. The frustration is introduced by considering repulsive bi-quadratic interaction for Blume-Emery-Griffiths model. We also. consider repulsive bi-quadratic interaction and show that $R_c$ can become zero depending on the value of the crystal field. Interestingly, we also find that even when a system has $R_c=0$ at the start of quasi-static evolution with Glauber dynamics, with increasing $R$, in some regime of the couplings, the model undergoes a crossover to a random field Ising model universaility with $R_c$ changing from $0$ to $\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}}$. In the presence of uniform magnetic field, regions of first order transition exhibit hysteresis under Glauber dynamics. These models exhibit rectangular, hexagonal, parallelogram, wasp-waisted, and double hysteresis loops. We derive the shapes of hysteresis loops analytically giving the equation for the value of the coercive field and show that while the area under the hysteresis loop depends on $R$, the shape is determined by the behavior of the models at $R=0$. In particular, in the case of Blume-Emery-Griffiths model the hysteresis plots have regions of continuous and first order transitions both, resulting in a rich phase diagram that depends non-trivially on the initial state.
180h agoarXiv:2607.16566v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Signal dissipation in large-scale neural networks can lead to information loss and ultimately to computational failures, necessitating local signal amplification at neuron - synapse connections. In biological nervous systems, axons are responsible for local signal amplification. Translating axon functionality into hardware, i.e., the ability to amplify and transmit signals without loss, is non-trivial because emulating the human brain implies building networks composed of ~10 billion interconnected neurons, each requiring a dedicated compact and scalable amplifier. Here, we demonstrate signal amplification in simple two-terminal devices made of a metal-insulator transition material. By operating the devices on the verge of the phase transition and taking advantage of negative differential resistance, we achieve robust signal amplification up to a factor of ~11.5. We also demonstrate the amplification of spiking sequences generated by a real neuristor, opening new exciting opportunities for the direct integration of artificial neurons and axons. The amplification can be controlled by easily adjustable experimental parameters, including DC bias, AC excitation, series resistance, and temperature. We further propose a model that predicts the gain using readily observable transport characteristics. Our results establish a framework for developing and optimizing axon-like amplification functionalities in nonlinear electronic materials.
180h agoarXiv:2607.17346v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We employ machine learning to quantify the information carried by three Krylov-space observables: the spread complexity $\mathcal{C}(t)$, the discrete Wigner negativity $N(t)$, and the normalized negativity $\chi(t)=N(t)/|S(t)|$, with $S(t)$ the survival amplitude, recently proposed as a second-moment infall probe (arXiv:2607.04065). Small residual networks (16-32 neurons) and boosted trees are trained on half of $\sim 57{,}000$ labeled evolutions spanning the GUE, GOE and Poisson ensembles, the integrable $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$/CFT sector, and the chaos interpolation $H(\varepsilon)=H_{SL(2,\mathbb{R})}+\varepsilon R_0 W_{GUE}$. Either moment determines the thermofield temperature at $R^2\simeq 0.999$. Neither reconstructs the fine spectral form factor ($R^2\simeq 0.18$ in every ensemble); smoothing the target does not repair this, and windows wide enough to help erase the dip-ramp physics itself: the SFF strictly refines both moments. The coarse $e^S$ plateau is nevertheless recovered at $R^2=0.861$, mostly from the first 20% of $\mathcal{C}(t)$. A single curve identifies the symmetry class at up to 98% accuracy. In the integrable sector the observables are informationally equivalent, as exact negative-binomial slaving demands, while the negativity best resolves the $(h,\alpha)$ degeneracy ($N\to h$: 0.999). Along the interpolation the asymmetry gap of $\chi$ over $\mathcal{C}$ switches on with chaos, growing from +0.33 to +0.77 as the level statistics cross to GUE, while the raw-$N$ gap decays to zero. The second-moment informational surplus is therefore a signature of chaos, carried specifically by the normalized negativity, and we derive an analytical mechanism and a quantitative bound for it.
180h agoarXiv:2607.18032v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We prove full replica symmetry breaking for the zero-field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model at zero temperature: the Parisi minimizer is absolutely continuous, has a smooth density, and has support $[0,1)$. At inverse temperature $\beta>1$, [arxiv.org/abs/2607.11756v3] recently proved that the Parisi measure has support $[0,q_\beta]$. Here, we show $q_\beta$ converges to $1$ as $\beta\to\infty$.
180h agoarXiv:2607.18099v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Refractory high-entropy alloys have emerged as promising candidates for high-temperature applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. Understanding the thermodynamic mechanisms underlying chemical ordering in these complex systems is critical for optimizing their performance. In this work, by utilizing a universal machine learning interatomic potential with hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and mechanical properties of (MoCrTi)(100-x)Alx system have been investigated. The heat capacities and short-range order parameters reveal distinct order-disorder transition behaviors. While the Mo25Cr25Ti25Al25 and Mo32Cr32Ti32Al4 alloys exhibit a single transition dominated by the synergistic ordering of B2-type atomic pairs, the Mo28Cr28Ti28Al16 and Mo30Cr30Ti30Al10 alloys display two separate transitions: a low-temperature stage driven by specific pairs (Mo-Al in Mo28Cr28Ti28Al16; Al-Al in Mo30Cr30Ti30Al10) and a high-temperature stage governed by the remaining pairs. Structural analysis indicates that in the low-temperature ordered B2 phase, Mo and Al share one sublattice while Cr and Ti share the other. Furthermore, the relationship between ordering and mechanical stiffness has been identified. Ordering significantly enhances the elastic constants and moduli, and gives rise to a non-monotonic compositional dependence. Unlike random solid solutions, where stiffness increases monotonically with decreasing Al content, ordered configurations exhibit a non-monotonic trend, peaking at the Mo30Cr30Ti30Al10 alloy. This enhancement is attributed to an optimized population of stiff atomic pairs induced by strong short-range order. These findings provide fundamental insights into the interplay between compositions, chemical ordering, and mechanical performance, offering guidance for the design of refractory high-entropy alloys.
180h agoarXiv:2511.16393v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), characterized by the accumulation of a macroscopic number of bulk states at system boundaries, is a hallmark of non-Hermitian physics. However, in higher dimensions, achieving deterministic control over where skin modes accumulate remains a major challenge. Here, we propose a versatile route to program the skin-mode localization site in two-dimensional non-Hermitian lattices by combining disorder with a static electric field. While the electric field alone suppresses the NHSE in a clean system, the introduction of disorder induces transverse wave-packet transport perpendicular to the field. In nonreciprocal lattices, when the nonreciprocal hopping is misaligned with the electric field, the hopping component perpendicular to the field guides wave-packet propagation and produces boundary localization. By tuning the relative orientation between the electric field and the nonreciprocal hopping direction, the boundary localization position can be continuously and arbitrarily controlled. We further demonstrate distinct geometry-dependent manipulation of skin modes in reciprocal lattices, where controllable boundary localization emerges solely from the lattice geometry. Our results establish a robust and broadly applicable route to engineer boundary accumulation and directed transport along prescribed directions in two-dimensional non-Hermitian systems, enabling reconfigurable wave routing in classical platforms and programmable transport functionalities in quantum settings.
180h agoarXiv:2603.28721v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Slow particle dynamics observed numerically even deep inside the many-body localized (MBL) regime has called the stability of MBL in the thermodynamic limit into question, and its microscopic origin remains unknown. Here, we show that this slow dynamics originates from many-body quantum beats that arise from the interaction-induced modulation of oscillations associated with single-particle hopping processes. We relate this mechanism to local integrals of motion (LIOMs) and show that it survives at arbitrarily large distances between LIOMs, is consistent with the stability of MBL in the thermodynamic limit, and is generic to many-body systems. We present new numerical results for quasiperiodic potentials and, based on the quantum beats mechanism, develop an analytical model that explains number entropy growth and quasiparticle spreading, as well as clarifies the distinct MBL phenomenology observed in quasiperiodic and random potentials. Lastly, we propose concrete signatures for observing many-body quantum beats in existing experimental platforms.
180h agoarXiv:2604.02263v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We demonstrate that wave amplification enables even weak nonlinearities to reshape linear wave-packet transport in nonreciprocal systems. We study the dynamics of bulk Gaussian wave-packets in the Hatano--Nelson model with on-site cubic nonlinearity. We show that the interplay between nonlinearity and amplification generates growing frequency shifts that drive the wave-packet through three successive dynamical regimes: an early nonlinear-skin regime with coherent propagation, an intermediate wave-mixing regime driven by eigenmode resonances, and a self-trapping regime in which part of the packet localizes while the remainder ballistically spreads along the system favored direction. The crossover time scales are set by the width and averaged spacing of the eigenfrequency spectrum. Crucially, within the nonlinear-skin regime, we derive analytical predictions for the wave-packet dynamics and show that nonlinearity couples amplification, dispersion, and nonreciprocity, thereby modifying the magnitude of the wave-packet acceleration and introducing an explicit time dependence into its evolution. Focusing nonlinearities suppress the acceleration and cause it to decrease in time, whereas defocusing nonlinearities enhance it and cause it to increase. We further show that nonlinear interactions typically break down the wave-packet before the non-Hermitian jump can occur. Our results provide a route toward accurate control of waves in nonreciprocal metamaterials.
180h agoarXiv:2606.25824v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A method for testing the hypothesis of an ultrametric organization of the energy landscape of RNA secondary structures is proposed, based on the analysis of the kinetics of transitions between basins of attraction. The method is based on a kinetic metric constructed from the spectral decomposition of the symmetrized Kramers transition rate matrix and the Mahalanobis distance, and it is not an ultrametric by construction. A computational scheme has been developed that includes automatic filtering of noise eigenmodes and a procedure for analyzing disconnected structure graphs. The performance of the method is demonstrated on a sample of reference and random RNAs.
180h agoarXiv:2507.14135v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep thermalisation -- where ensembles of pure states on a local subsystem, conditioned on measurement outcomes on its complement, approach universal maximum-entropy ensembles -- represents a stronger form of ergodicity than conventional thermalisation. We show that this framework fails dramatically for mixed initial states, evolved unitarily, even with infinitesimal initial mixedness. To address this, we introduce a new paradigm of deep thermalisation for mixed states, fundamentally distinct from that for pure-state ensembles. In our formulation, the deep thermal ensemble arises by tracing out auxiliary degrees of freedom from a maximum-entropy ensemble defined on an augmented system, with the ensemble structure depending explicitly on the entropy of the initial state. We demonstrate that such ensembles emerge dynamically in generic, locally interacting chaotic systems. For the self-dual kicked Ising chain, which we show to be exactly solvable for a class of mixed initial states, we find exact emergence of the so-defined mixed-state deep thermal ensemble at finite times. Our results therefore lead to fundamental insights into how maximum entropy principles and deep thermalisation manifest themselves in unitary dynamics of states with finite entropy.
180h agoarXiv:2509.17972v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Nonreciprocal interactions are widely observed in nonequilibrium systems, from biological or sociological dynamics to open quantum systems. Despite the ubiquity of nonreciprocity, its impact on phase transitions is not fully understood. In this work, we derive criteria to perturbatively assess whether nonreciprocity changes the universality class of two-species systems undergoing a phase transition. These criteria, stated in terms of the unperturbed critical exponents in the spirit of the Harris criterion for disordered systems, assess whether static critical exponents change at first order under a given perturbation. For example, in the case of a nonreciprocal version of model A with two species, a homogeneous nonreciprocal perturbation is relevant whenever the two parts are initially identical and uncoupled, and irrelevant otherwise. Our results agree with existing renormalization group calculations and with numerical simulations.
180h agoarXiv:2511.11771v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the localization problem in quantum stochastic mechanics. We start from the Edwards model for a particle in a bath of scattering centers and prove static localization of the ground state wavefunction of the particle in a one dimensional square well coupled to Dirac delta like scattering centers in arbitrary but fixed positions. We see how the localization increases for increasing coupling $g$ and increasing number of scattering centers at constant density. Then we choose the scattering centers positions as pseudo random numbers with a uniform probability distribution and observe an increase in the localization of the average of the ground state over the many positions realizations. We discuss how this averaging procedure is consistent with a picture of a particle in a Bose-Einstein condensate of of non interacting boson scattering centers interacting with the particle with Dirac delta functions pair potential. We then study the dynamics of the ground state wave function. We conclude with a discussion of the affine quantization version of the Lax model which reduces to a system of contiguous square wells with walls in arbitrary positions independently of the coupling constant $g$.
180h agoarXiv:2603.16842v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Stochastic resetting -- intermittently returning a process to a fixed reference state -- has emerged as an effective mechanism for optimizing first-passage properties. Existing theory largely treats processes that search but do not learn: the searcher follows fixed dynamics, accumulating no knowledge between resets. Here we ask how stochastic resetting interacts with reinforcement learning, where the underlying dynamics adapt through experience. In tabular grid environments, we find that resetting can accelerate learning even when it does not reduce the search time of a diffusive agent. Our results reveal a distinct additional mechanism through which resetting speeds the propagation of reward information. We show that deterministic, sharp resetting accelerates learning more than the stochastic protocol but over a narrower range of reset rates. In a continuous-state task with neural-network-based value approximation, we demonstrate that resetting speeds up learning when exploration is hard and rewards are sparse. We argue further that, in the tabular tasks, resetting accelerates learning without altering the solution the agent ultimately reaches, unlike other techniques such as temporal discounting, which biases the optimal behavior. Our results establish stochastic resetting as a simple, tunable mechanism for accelerating learning by shaping how experience accumulates, extending a canonical phenomenon of statistical mechanics to adaptive systems.
180h agoarXiv:2607.06561v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: A parallel in-plane magnetic field could, in principle, distinguish between two competing physical scenarios for the experimentally observed density-tuned 2D metal-insulator transition (where decreasing the carrier density leads to a crossover from an effective metal to an effective insulator): Wigner crystallization or Anderson localization. Since the main scattering mechanism in 2D doped semiconductors arises from screened random charged impurities and screening in turn depends on the electronic density of states, the in-plane magnetic field could distinguish between the two by decreasing screening through spin polarization and this enhances the effective critical density for Anderson localization compared with Wigner crystallization. We give the general theory and provide results for the quantitative magnitudes of the spin polarization effect on the transition density by focusing on two recent experiments [Z. Ge, et al, arXiv:2510.12009, T. Han, et al, arXiv:2604.00113], noting that the critical density may actually decrease if the dominant scattering is by short-ranged defects instead of long-ranged charged impurities. The difference between the two cases arises from whether spin polarization dominates screening (enhanced critical density) or the Fermi surface (suppressed critical density).
180h agoCorrecting for multiple comparisons is a fundamental challenge throughout the biological sciences, particularly for data sampled over ordered continua such as time, space, or frequency. Existing approaches, including cluster-based permutation tests and threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE), leverage spatial or temporal contiguity but remain dependent on predefined statistical frameworks or thresholding procedures. Here we introduce the All Window-Size Search (AWSS) method, a permutation-based procedure that formally controls the family-wise error rate while adaptively searching across all contiguous window sizes and locations. For each permutation, test statistics are summed across every possible window, generating null distributions of maximal statistics at every window size. A second stage estimates the null distribution of the most significant uncorrected p-value that would arise from searching across all window sizes, allowing final p-values to be corrected for the adaptive search process itself. This procedure statistically formalizes the implicit multiscale search that investigators naturally perform when visually inspecting ordered data. Simulations with known ground-truth effects demonstrate that AWSS can provide substantially greater statistical power than conventional cluster-based permutation methods for broad, low-amplitude effects while maintaining appropriate family-wise error control. Because the framework is independent of any particular statistical test, it is readily applicable to diverse forms of one-dimensional ordered data. Future extensions will generalize the method to multidimensional spatial and spatiotemporal datasets, including neuroimaging and other high-dimensional biological data.
184h agoScaling laws describe how model performance improves as the amount of training data increases, and recent theories such as the zeta law suggest that scaling behavior is influenced by the eigenspectrum of the model's latent representation. Here, we evaluated whether the distribution of discriminative signals across spectral modes predicts the future scaling behavior, for MRI transformers trained for disease classification. We trained three supervised 3D vision transformers (ViT3D, MINiT, and NIT) for Alzheimer's disease classification using 2,822 training scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); we compared their encoder spectra with that of a frozen self-supervised DINO ViT-B/16 encoder adapted to 3D MRI. The supervised models learned highly concentrated representations, with 90-96% of CLS-token variance captured by a single principal component, whereas DINO distributed signal across many latent directions. Via spectral expansion of the Mahalanobis signal, we found that supervised training concentrated disease information into a single dominant mode, while self-supervised training produced a richer spectral geometry with higher effective rank and discoverability. This led to different scaling behavior: supervised models exhibited flatter AUC(N) curves, yet DINO continued to improve as sample size increased, gaining 11.0 percentage points from N=50 to N=2,822. Overall, the spectral distribution of the discriminative signal, for these different encoder types, influenced how much performance remained discoverable as sample size increased. Distributed representations may retain signal across many latent modes and continue to improve with additional data, whereas concentrated representations tend to exhaust most of the discoverable signal at much lower sample sizes.
184h agoHumans can rapidly extract summary statistics, such as the mean and variance of visual features, to efficiently represent complex visual environments despite limits in attention and working memory. Although ensemble perception is central to visual cognition, two fundamental questions remain unresolved. First, it is unclear whether ensemble statistics for features represented at different levels of the visual hierarchy rely on a common neural system or on separate feature-specific systems. Second, it remains unknown whether different summary statistics, such as mean and variance, rely on shared or dissociable neural mechanisms. Here, we used fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis to examine the neural representation of ensemble mean and variance across three visual features spanning the processing hierarchy: orientation (low-level), shape (mid-level), and animacy (high-level) (N = 24; two fMRI sessions). By combining whole-brain searchlight and ROI-based approaches, we found a graded division of labour between ventral and dorsal visual pathways. Although mean and variance ensemble statistics were distributed across the visual cortex, mean decoding was stronger in ventral regions, whereas variance decoding was stronger in dorsal regions. Ensemble mean representations followed a posterior-anterior gradient within the ventral visual pathway, consistent with increasing abstraction from orientation to shape and animacy, and showed little anatomical overlap suggesting largely feature-specific. By contrast, ensemble variance was weighted toward dorsal parietal and frontoparietal regions, especially superior parietal cortex and intraparietal sulcus, decoding clusters largely overlap across features and generalized robustly across orientation, shape, and animacy. Together, these findings provide a more nuanced account of ensemble perception, showing that feature-specific and feature-independent neural codes can coexist across visual cortex and help reconcile previously conflicting evidence.
184h agoBackground: Alcohol use disorder is characterized by continued alcohol use despite negative consequences, also known as aversion-resistant drinking. Alcohol related cues can invigorate motivation to seek and consume alcohol. It is currently unknown whether alcohol related cues can invigorate drinking despite negative consequences. Materials and Methods: Long-Evans rats were trained in a discriminative stimulus (DS) task with cues predicting the available of alcohol reward. They were then tested in the task for aversion-resistant drinking by measuring consumption of alcohol adulterated with increasing concentrations of quinine. As a control for an environment free of reward-related cues, rats were also tested for aversion-resistant drinking in the home cage. Results: We found that rats displayed robust aversion-resistant drinking in the DS task. When we compared alcohol consumption in the task with home cage consumption, we found that rats were more aversion-resistant in the task than in the home cage. We also found that individual differences in aversion-resistant drinking were correlated within behavioral context (i.e. home cage or DS task) but not between the home cage and the DS task. Conclusions: We found that aversion-resistant drinking is invigorated during cue-induced alcohol seeking relative to free drinking without explicit cues. Home cage quinine-sensitivity is unrelated to quinine-sensitivity in the presence of cues. This suggests that cues motivate drinking despite negative consequences in a way that is unique from aversion-resistance driven by drinking history. While many behavioral measures use cues and ultimately test aversion-resistant drinking, this is the first explicit test of cue-evoked aversion-resistant drinking.
184h agoPhysical activity produces widespread benefits to physical and mental health, including protection against stress-related behavioral outcomes. However, the peripheral signals through which physical activity is translated into stress resistance remain incompletely understood. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine cleaved from the transmembrane protein FNDC5 and released into circulation, has been implicated in improved cognition and neuroprotection, but its role in resistance to behavioral consequences of future adversity has not been examined. Here, we tested whether forced peripheral elevation of irisin is sufficient to protect against stress-induced behavioral outcomes. Adult male C57BL/6 mice received adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated peripheral expression of irisin or GFP control. AAV-irisin significantly increased circulating irisin levels, and six weeks later, mice were exposed to inescapable stress, a well-characterized model that produces anxiety-like behaviors, including reducing rodents' natural inclination toward sociability. Elevated circulating irisin prevented the stress-induced reduction in social preference without altering general locomotor activity. Moreover, circulating irisin levels positively predicted individual differences in sociability. Additionally, peripheral irisin elevation increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression, which also positively correlated with circulating irisin levels. Finally, we identified expression of the irisin receptor subunit integrin alphaV within the dorsal raphe nucleus, a key brain region implicated in the behavioral outcomes of inescapable stress that is modulated by prior exercise. Together, these findings identify peripheral irisin as a mediator sufficient to confer resistance to future stress, even in the absence of physical activity.
184h agoCardiac artefacts are problematic for neurophysiological analyses, especially for heartbeat-locked brain responses where neural activity and artefacts co-occur in time. Traditional approaches using single-channel electrocardiography for artefact removal do not fully capture the multidimensional spread of cardiac fields. Moreover, even if several channels are recorded, no established methods exist for integrating them for artefact removal. Here, we propose a multivariate approach based on Canonical Correlation for cardiac artefact removal and report its effectiveness in electroencephalography recorded simultaneously with a custom 15-channel electrocardiography in 14 participants. We quantify cleaning quality via residual R-peak artefact and neural signal preservation via alpha power. Canonical Correlation systematically outperforms the traditional Independent Component Analysis in both reducing R-peak artefacts and preserving alpha power. By analysing all possible channel combinations, we found that neck or supraclavicular electrodes improve cleaning when only a few channels are available. With four or five channels, precordial electrodes in combination with limb or supraclavicular locations provide a performance comparable to the 15-channel setup. While these findings require validation in other datasets, we outline clear decision criteria for cleaning efficiency and show that canonical correlation is a reliable approach for multi-channel cardiac artefact removal.
184h agoA central challenge in systems neuroscience is understanding how computational mechanisms -- including those implemented within a single brain region -- interact to produce behavior. For example, prior work in the literature attributes many computational functions to the cerebellum, but these functions have been tested in isolation and it remains unclear how they jointly contribute to motor control. Here, we test several established hypotheses of cerebellar function: internal modeling, timing of movement dynamics, sensory-error processing, delay processing, and multimodal integration. We first formalize these functions as mechanistic parameters within a computational model of speech motor control. We then use this formalism to investigate the relative contribution of each function to the abnormal speech corrective response seen in adults with cerebellar degeneration during perturbed auditory feedback. We find the following functions explain most of the behavioral differences: internal modeling, timing of movement dynamics, and multimodal integration. We also show that the key mechanisms have a trade-off relationship, and that cerebellar degeneration modulates those trade-off strengths and boundaries. These results both elaborate the mechanistic function of the cerebellum in speech feedback control and, more broadly, demonstrate the promise of using this paradigm to simultaneously test competing theories of neural function underlying behavior.
184h agoLocal field potentials (LFPs) contain signals generated by individual neurons and by coordinated population activity, but distinguishing these contributions remains a challenge. We examined how hippocampal LFPs at different frequencies predict single-neuron spiking during spatial navigation in male rats using two datasets. At each frequency, we assessed the spatial distribution of LFP-based prediction across the electrode array and its generalization across behavioral contexts in which a neuron remained active, but its co-active peers changed. For pyramidal cells, spatially distributed LFP features, consistent with population-level activity, contributed primarily to spike prediction at theta (~10 Hz) and its harmonics. In contrast, spatially localized signals, consistent with the recorded neuron's activity, contributed predominantly at higher frequencies. Notably, gamma-band LFPs (30-80 Hz) provided comparatively little information about pyramidal-cell spiking, while distributed LFP features predicted interneuron spiking across a broader frequency range. Together, this predictive approach separates local and distributed correlates of spiking within the LFP. In hippocampal CA1, these correlates fell into two spatiotemporal regimes: a distributed regime expressed primarily at theta frequencies and a localized regime reflecting single-neuron activity at higher frequencies.
184h agoSerotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) project extensively throughout the forebrain, yet their influence on global network states remains controversial. Serotonin is implicated in regulating slow-oscillations, so-called UP and DOWN states, which occur during sleep and light anesthesia. While optogenetic fMRI suggests that serotonin (5-HT) suppresses brain-wide activity, classical electrical stimulation studies report the induction of cortical UP states. To resolve this discrepancy, we combined optogenetic 5-HT stimulation with large-scale Neuropixel recordings across the forebrain of lightly anesthetized mice. We demonstrate that selective 5-HT release consistently induces DOWN states across the cortex and striatum, while leaving midbrain dynamics largely unaffected. A multi-area computational model constrained by biologically plausible connectivity, indicates that in certain regions the transitions arises from network-level synchronization rather than direct DRN input.
184h agoHow sensory information is processed over time is often conceptualized as a process of temporal integration. Recently, auditory temporal integration has received renewed attention as a potential assay of hidden hearing loss caused by cochlear synaptopathy in rodent and avian studies. How these results relate to human hearing is in question due to a lack of studies in primates, and, more generally, the neural basis of auditory temporal integration is unclear, as most subcortical studies of it have been conducted under anesthesia. We have recently introduced a nonhuman primate (NHP) model which can address translational questions about auditory temporal integration and hidden hearing loss. Thus, in this study, we utilized single-unit recordings and compared derived neurometric measures to psychometric measures of temporal integration in normal hearing NHPs performing a tone-in-noise detection task. We then assessed psychometric measures of temporal integration in NHPs before and after noise exposure. In normal hearing NHPs, cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus (IC) integration rates were significantly greater than psychometric rates. However, in noise only, ~25% of IC neurons exhibited similar integration rates to behavior. After noise exposure, psychometric integration was disrupted for brief stimuli presented in quiet, but not in noise. The dynamic range of the psychometric function reliably increased, months after recovery from the noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS). Together, these data identify a subcortical neural substrate for temporal integration in noisy environments and suggest that behavioral assays of temporal integration may serve as sensitive indicators of subclinical hearing loss.
184h agoThe genomic mechanisms that efficiently encode the initial architecture and synaptic connectivity of neural circuits remain poorly understood. We hypothesise that two primary mechanisms -- spatial encoding and factorisation -- enable a limited genome to initialise networks of billions of neurons. Spatial encoding, a form of indirect representation, compresses neural network parameters while enforcing structural continuity. Complementarily, we introduce a factorisation mechanism inspired by reaction-diffusion models, comprising a spatially invariant reaction rule and spatially variant diffusion dynamics. Based on this insight, we can efficiently abstract a neural network layer as a spatially invariant weight kernel (or filter) and its spatially variant transformations along the spatial dimensions. Thus, coupling this variant-invariant decomposition with spatial encodings can substantially reduce the size of the solution space explored by the genome. In addition, we show that this coupling leads to efficient initialisation of cortical maps, such as V1 orientation maps, and neural networks with the ability to generalise. In summary, coupling factorisation and spatial encodings can offer functional advantages to the evolving genome.
184h agoMotor outputs vary even in response to identical sensory inputs, yet the origin of this variability within the sensorimotor pathway remains unresolved. Here, we evaluate how variability in sensory representations can explain behavioural fluctuations in a reflexive oculomotor task. We used Neuropixels probes to record neuronal activity in area MT of marmosets during ocular following responses and applied partial least squares regression to extract the shared variance between population activity and eye movements. Stimulus-evoked activity reliably predicted trial-by-trial variability in open-loop eye velocity. Additionally, closed-loop analyses revealed trial-by-trial correspondence between eye movements and subsequent neural responses. These results demonstrate that variability in sensory neural populations contributes to motor variability, supporting the claim that sensory noise is propagated through the sensorimotor pathway. Surprisingly, however, traditional models trained to only capture neural variability across trials poorly predicted behavioural variations, suggesting that only a subset of sensory representations is accessible to the motor system.
184h agoPopulation receptive field (pRF) mapping is widely used to characterize retinotopic organization based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Despite its broad adoption, the factors governing intra- and inter-subject variability in pRF estimates remain incompletely understood, limiting the ability to evaluate and optimize visual stimulation paradigms prior to data collection. Here, we investigate whether large-scale simulations can reproduce in vivo run-to-run variability patterns observed in pRF mapping and provide mechanistic insight into their origins. With GEMSim-pRF, our newly proposed computational framework for large-scale simulation and estimation of pRF responses, we generated millions of synthetic fMRI time courses across a wide range of receptive field parameters and noise conditions. We analyzed the variability of pRF estimation results derived from simulations and compared them with in vivo data from the publicly available NYU Retinotopy Dataset. Here we show that our simulation results matched the characteristic eccentricity-dependent variability observed in empirical pRF estimates. These findings show that key variability patterns observed in empirical pRF mapping can be successfully reproduced in large-scale simulations, establishing simulation-based analysis as a practical approach for understanding, predicting, evaluating and ultimately improving the behaviour of retinotopic mapping paradigms before empirical data collection.
184h agoBackground: Chronic neuroinflammation is a major driver of cognitive decline, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer disease. However, the spatial lipidomic alterations underlying neuroinflammatory brain injury remain poorly defined. Oxidative stress and sphingolipid dysregulation have been implicated, but their regional distribution and interplay in the brain are not well characterized. Methods: We performed positive-ion mode matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) on coronal brain sections from middle-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a model of chronic neuroinflammation, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. Spatial distributions and relative abundances of multiple lipid classes, including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins (SMs), hexosylceramides (HexCers), ceramides, phosphatidylserines (PSs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidic acids (PAs), and sulfatides, were mapped and compared between genotypes. Region-of-interest analysis was used to quantify changes across cortex, hippocampus, and white-matter tracts. Results: SHR brains exhibited a coordinated lipidomic signature characterized by pronounced oxidative stress and membrane remodeling. Oxidized and short-chain PCs were markedly upregulated (up to 11.6-fold), while major structural diacyl PCs were broadly downregulated. Concurrently, sphingolipids were significantly altered, with robust upregulation of SM(d36:1) (7.5-fold) and multiple HexCer species (1.5-1.9-fold), accompanied by accumulation of ceramides. These changes were accompanied by heterogeneous redistribution of PS, PI, and PE species, particularly within the hippocampus. Sulfatide patterns in white-matter tracts were also altered, suggesting myelin remodeling. Region-of-interest analysis confirmed that the most pronounced lipid alterations were concentrated in the hippocampus and white-matter regions. Conclusions: Chronic neuroinflammation induces a spatially organized, multi-class lipid remodeling response in the brain, driven by advanced oxidative membrane damage and a shift toward a pro-apoptotic sphingolipid profile. The convergence of these pathways creates a vicious cycle of membrane injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sustained neuroinflammation that is especially prominent in the hippocampus and white matter. These spatially resolved findings provide direct evidence that oxidative stress and sphingolipid dysregulation are central, interrelated mechanisms contributing to neurovascular injury and increased risk of cognitive impairment. The study highlights the power of MALDI-MSI to uncover region-specific lipid pathology and identifies potential lipid-based targets for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammatory brain disease.
184h agoCognitive deficits are a major contributor to disability in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, yet effective pharmacological treatments remain limited. Ferulic acid eicosyl ester (FAE-20), a natural constituent of the plant Rhodiola rosea, has previously been identified as an enhancer of simple forms of Pavlovian conditioning in flies, bees, and mice. Here, we investigated whether FAE-20 has further potential to enhance cognitive flexibility, working memory, or spatial learning in mice, and explored potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying such enhancement. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the attentional set-shifting task (ASST). Subchronic FAE-20 treatment significantly improved ASST per-formance in both male and female young adult mice, indicating enhanced cognitive flexibility. In contrast, no effects were observed on spatial working memory, assessed by spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze, or on spatial learning in the Barnes maze in either young or aged mice. Notably, FAE-20 enabled spatial learning in the Barnes maze in a subgroup of aged mice that failed to learn the task under vehicle treatment. Histological analyses using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neural activity and doublecortin expression and spine density as markers of hippocampal plasticity revealed sex-specific effects on components of the ascending arousal system. FAE-20 increased the activation of orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of male mice, whereas it reduced the activity of cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of females. No effects were detected on hippocampal neurogenesis or dendritic spine density. These findings suggest that the cognitive effects of FAE-20 are selective, depending on the cognitive demands of the task and the baseline cognitive abilities of the animals, and may be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of arousal-related neural circuits.
188h agoImmunoproteasome induction is prominent in Alzheimers disease (AD), but whether it protects proteostasis or amplifies neuroinflammation remains unresolved. Here, we generated immunoproteasome-deficient PS19 tauopathy and APP/human tau double-knock-in mice by crossing each disease model with L7M1 mice lacking two immunoproteasome catalytic subunits. Immunoproteasome deficiency increased phospho-tau burden, exacerbated amyloid beta pathology and heightened microglial reactivity without suppressing constitutive 26S proteasome activity. In primary microglia and longitudinal two-photon imaging, immunoproteasome-deficient microglia engaged and engulfed tau aggregate bearing material but failed to resolve internalized cargo, revealing a post-engulfment degradative checkpoint. Single-nucleus transcriptomics identified a remodeled P2ry12low/Trem2high microglial state with impaired phagolysosomal and mitochondrial programs. Reanalysis of human single-nucleus transcriptomic datasets showed that reduced microglial immunoproteasome expression was associated with cargo-processing gene-program changes similar to those observed in immunoproteasome-deficient mouse microglia. Together, these findings identify immunoproteasome biogenesis as a protective glial stress response that supports microglial aggregate clearance in AD.
188h agoHow the transcriptome of a neuron determines its electrophysiological properties and how this change in different contexts are major questions in neurobiology. The intracellular molecular clocks in the circadian pacemaker neurons in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drive 24hr rhythms in clock gene expression via a transcriptional-translational feedback loop. These molecular clocks also control 24hr rhythms in the firing of SCN neurons, a subset of which enter a silent depolarized state around midday6. We used single-cell RNA sequencing and identified that the Avp+ / Nms+ and Vip+ / Nms+ are the SCN neurons that undergo daytime silencing. We also found high level and rhythmic expression of the Pde10a phosphodiesterase in these Nms+ SCN neurons. Acutely inhibiting Pde10a activity or elevating intracellular cAMP to bypass high Pde10a levels specifically shifts these Nms+ SCN neurons into a depolarized silent state hours ahead of schedule. A similar mechanism may occur in other neurons that switch to silent depolarized states.
188h agoThe distribution of common synaptic inputs across spinal motor neuron pools within and across synergist muscles reveals direct insight in the neural control of movement. We previously documented two dominant common inputs in the human vastus lateralis (VL) and medialis (VM) muscle during isometric leg extensions. Whether these inputs are also shared with rectus femoris (RF), a synergist muscle that contributes substantially to leg extension but is biarticular, remains unknown. We simultaneously recorded motor unit activity from VM, RF, and VL using multiple targeted intramuscular electromyographic sensors during isometric knee extension. Decomposed motor unit spike trains were analyzed using discharge characteristics, pairwise correlation, spectral coherence, explained variance, and factor analysis to characterize the structure of common synaptic input within and across muscles. Despite their shared mechanical output via a common patellar tendon, the three muscles exhibited distinct patterns of neural organization. RF consistently received a strong, low-dimensional common input that was largely independent of the drive to VM and VL, as evidenced by elevated within-muscle correlation and coherence, low between-muscle coupling, and an invariant dedicated latent factor across all participants. VM and VL shared a substantial proportion of common synaptic input, but the degree of coupling and the underlying factor structure varied across individuals, ranging from a single shared factor to largely independent muscle-specific inputs. These findings indicate that the quadriceps are organized in a muscle- and subject-specific manner, with RF receiving a dedicated independent input.
188h agoBackground Hereditary inner ear disorders comprise a highly heterogenous group of disorders and are a major cause of hearing and vestibular dysfunction. Despite advances in genetic diagnosis, the development of precision therapies has been limited by the lack of relevant and scalable human model systems that can accommodate the wide spectrum of disease-causing variants and support the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. We established patient-derived inner ear organoids (IEOs) as a platform to assess antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based therapeutic strategies for hereditary hearing loss. Methods Two representative genetic models were selected: recessive syndromic Usher syndrome type IIa (USH2A) and dominant non-syndromic DFNA9 (COCH). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from a patient carrying a homozygous pathogenic USH2A variant and a patient carrying a frequently occurring pathogenic COCH variant. In parallel, isogenic iPSC lines were created by introducing the same disease-causing variants into a healthy donor background. Following differentiation into IEOs, disease-associated transcript expression was evaluated. Splice-switching and RNase H1-mediated gapmer ASOs were assessed for target engagement. ASO biodistribution and cellular uptake was also examined in both IEOs and adult human vestibular tissue. Results Patient-derived and isogenic iPSCs were successfully differentiated into IEOs that recapitulated disease-associated transcript expression. ASOs showed efficient uptake into disease-relevant cell populations in both IEOs and adult human vestibular tissue. In USH2A-variant IEOs, splice-switching ASO treatment corrected aberrant splicing. In COCH- variant IEOs, gapmer ASO treatment reduced total COCH transcript levels, achieving up to 75% knockdown in patient-derived IEOs. Conclusions Patient-derived and isogenic variant IEOs provide a versatile and scalable human platform for evaluating ASO therapies for hereditary hearing loss. Their adaptability to diverse genetic variants, inheritance patterns, and ASO modalities makes them well suited to address the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary inner ear diseases and establishes IEOs as a broadly applicable preclinical model for rare hereditary inner ear diseases.
188h agoKey regulators of neural network activity in multiple advanced cognitive processes and essential components of the blood-brain barrier, astrocytes constitute a highly heterogeneous population at the morphological, molecular, and functional levels. However, how this diversity arises during mammalian brain development remains poorly investigated. Here, using a combination of multicolour genetic fate mapping, single-cell transcriptomic analyses, multichannel large-volume imaging and detailed 3D cell morphology reconstructions, we uncover a discrete subpopulation of neocortical astrocytes generated from an early restricted embryonic domain located outside of the dorsal pallium. Besides their separate lineage from pyramidal neurons, these astrocytes exhibit a developmental trajectory that differs from astrocytes produced by dorsal cortical progenitors, including different migratory pathways, spatial distributions and morphology. Overall, our results reveal the diversity of embryonic sources responsible for neocortical astrocyte genesis and provide key insights into the unsuspected complex developmental processes that underlie cortical astrocyte heterogeneity.
188h agoNeural degeneracy, the capacity of structurally distinct circuits to perform the same function, is typically studied as an emergent property of biological neural systems. Here we impose it by construction, engineering the conditions that make degeneracy the expected outcome of evolutionary search, and ask what individual-target selection achieves within that degenerate space. We use constrained neuroevolution to evolve 14-neuron recurrent circuits (Dale's Law, sparse connectivity, quantized weights) replicating the natural navigation behavior of 9 individual mice across 54 independent evolutionary runs.Architectural constraints impose a structural floor: no aggregate circuit statistic differs across mice (0/181 features, all pFDR >0.47), and this uniformity extends to the topology axis itself: topology distance predicts behavioral distance at no scale, in evolved or random constrained agents alike, and no structural axis carries significant information about behavioral identity (maximum NMI = 0.2173). Yet behavioral individuation is robust: cross-mouse fitness error is 33.4% higher than own-mouse error, and this specialization persists on held-out data. We show that what individual-target selection shapes is not circuit structure but the strength of functional sensitivity commitment: specialists develop roughly 6.4-6.7x higher sensitivity variance than generalists trained on all mice simultaneously (9/9 mice, mouse level p = 0.002), despite exploring statistically indistinguishable topological diversity. The particular pathways a circuit commits to carry no shared mouse-specific signature, so behavioral individuation is expressed as a magnitude of functional commitment rather than a structural or pathway fingerprint, degeneracy that operates not just at the structural level but at the level of the computational strategies that implement individual behavior.
188h agoThe Quebec 1000 Families (Q1K) platform has been designed to recruit, phenotype, and collect biospecimens from a large cohort of families with at least one member with autism spectrum disorder or a related neurodevelopmental condition. As part of the Q1K protocol, an experimental test battery was developed and validated using simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking (ET). We report on the general approach and design principles, multimodal EEG/ET integration, the tasks, and their validation, providing a blueprint for implement such a project. It also describes the cohort and its methods as a reference for future studies using this dataset. By releasing openly this experimental test battery, we aim to support task standardization and multi-project data pooling in autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
188h agoControlling specific neuronal dynamics with electrical stimulation is critical for therapeutic neuromodulation, yet deriving optimal control policies remains challenging due to the complex and non-stationary nature of biological neuronal networks. While reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful closed-loop control framework, its reliance on prolonged stimulus-driven exploration is difficult to reconcile with the physiological limits of living tissue. Here, we demonstrate an in silico-to-in vitro transfer strategy that achieves efficient state-dependent control of network bursting in cultured neurons. The transferred policy outperforms heuristic controls, while maintaining constrained stimulation usage. Concurrent calcium imaging reveals the mechanistic basis of the learned policy: the agent optimizes stimulation spatially and temporally, exploiting local network topology and intrinsic physiological temporal dynamics. These results establish in vitro brain-on-chip cultures as a tractable stepping stone for RL-based neuromodulation and demonstrate that effective control policies can be derived in biophysically calibrated digital twins and transferred directly to living networks.
188h agoHumans often communicate and learn in noisy, complex listening environments. Here, we investigated the effects of spatial hearing and semantic context cues on speech intelligibility and listening effort in young adults with typical hearing. The listening task included conditions in which target speech and speech maskers were either spatially co-located or separated. Target sentences were either semantically coherent or anomalous, while the masker comprised a mixture of two coherent sentences. Results showed higher speech intelligibility in spatially separated than co-located conditions, demonstrating a robust spatial release from masking (SRM), which is consistent with prior findings. SRM did not differ between semantically coherent and anomalous sentences, indicating comparable benefits of spatial cues across semantic contexts. However, within each spatial configuration, intelligibility was higher for coherent than anomalous sentences. Listening effort, indexed by peak pupil dilation in pupillometry measurement, was reduced in spatially separated conditions, suggesting a trend toward a release from listening effort. Analysis of the timing of peak pupil dilation revealed a significantly delayed peak dilation for anomalous sentences in the co-located condition compared with coherent sentences in the separated condition, indicating increased processing demands in the absence of spatial and semantic cues. Finally, SRM was correlated with the magnitude of release from listening effort for coherent sentences, but not for anomalous sentences, suggesting that intelligibility and listening effort benefits might co-occur when contextual cues are available.
188h agoResting-state electroencephalography (EEG) studies consistently report increased slow-wave activity and reduced alpha power in schizophrenia. However, the regional distribution of EEG relative power (RP) across finer frequency bands, particularly in adolescent schizophrenia, remains poorly characterized. We analyzed a publicly available resting-state EEG dataset comprising 45 male adolescents with schizophrenia (SCZ; mean age: 12.3 +/- 1.2 years) and 39 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CON; mean age: 12.3 +/- 1.3 years), recorded using 16 scalp electrodes (10-20 system). Following band-pass filtering, artefact subspace reconstruction, spline interpolation, average re-referencing and independent component analysis, RP was computed for nine frequency bands across five cortical regions (frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital). Group differences were assessed using three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected post-hoc pairwise comparisons using estimated marginal means (emmeans). Compared to controls, the SCZ group showed significantly higher delta RP in the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions and significantly lower alpha2 RP, dissociable from alpha1, in the central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions (all FDR < 0.001). The occipital cortex showed the greatest increase in delta RP (|Cohen's d|=0.82) and the greatest reduction in alpha2 RP (|d|=0.73), with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Topographic maps demonstrated widespread delta enhancement and attenuated occipito-parietal alpha2 activity in the SCZ group. These findings demonstrate region-specific alterations in resting-state EEG relative power in adolescent schizophrenia, particularly within the occipital cortex, and suggest that regional RP may serve as a promising neurophysiological feature for early-onset schizophrenia.
188h agoCardiovascular regulation depends on bidirectional communication between autonomic cardiac control and cardiac afferent signals ascending to the central nervous system, forming a heart-brain loop. Cardio-auditory omission paradigms provide a non-invasive way to probe this loop in humans by withholding scheduled tones within heartbeat-contingent auditory sequences and measuring the resulting autonomic cardiac and heartbeat-related cortical responses. Previous studies have shown omission-evoked cardiac deceleration and neural responses mainly in specific contexts such as passive listening or synchrony-judgement tasks. The present study examined whether these responses also occur under the more general condition of active responses to external stimuli. We tested 40 adults in an auditory detection task in which tones were presented either 200 ms after the ECG R-peak (synch) or at pseudo-random intervals matched to each participant's resting heart rate (asynch). A five-minute no-stimulation resting recording was used to generate the asynch sequence and served as the resting comparison condition. In both auditory conditions, 10% of scheduled tones were omitted, yielding synch and asynch omissions. Heartbeat-synchronous omissions induced sustained RR-interval prolongation that exceeded responses to asynch omissions, sound-present conditions, and rest. HEP amplitude was selectively enhanced in the synch-omission condition relative to all other conditions. Reaction times to the first post-omission tone were slightly delayed, whereas overall performance remained comparable across conditions. These findings show that heartbeat-synchronous auditory omissions produce a distinct autonomic-cortical response profile under active response demands, indicating that heart-brain loop dynamics continue to shape physiological responses during ongoing behaviour.
188h agoHigh-density probes record from thousands of neurons simultaneously, yet resolving single-neuron identity remains an ill-posed inverse problem. While detailed simulations precisely characterize the biophysical forward process, their utility for interpreting brain signal remains unclear. Here we show that biophysical simulations of population neuronal electrical signals serve as an effective bridge between theory and experiment. By pre-training artificial neural networks exclusively on large-scale synthetic data, we demonstrate robust zero-shot generalization across diverse brain regions, experimental paradigms and species, enabling the accurate inference of single-unit activities and cell-type properties without exposure to real data. Furthermore, uncovering a substantial population of functionally competent but weakly active neurons systematically obscured by conventional heuristics, our framework resolves a long-standing discrepancy regarding ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex. These findings establish biophysical simulations as a reference standard, bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and experimental observation through data-driven inference.
188h agoDeclines in the cognitive inhibition that comes with aging impacts daily life and independence. It is still debated whether overactivation during cognitive inhibition tasks in older adults is due to compensation or neural noise. To address this question, we examined age-related changes in inter-subject similarity (ISS) of functional connectivity from task-based and resting-state fMRI. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we identified 27 Stroop task-related regions of interest and found that ISS in these regions was significantly reduced in older adults during task performance. Furthermore, aging is associated with a loss of consistent functional connectivity patterns in frontal regions, accompanied by the emergence of a convergent compensatory mechanism within visual attention regions. Principal component analysis of individual activation deviations from the group-mean pattern showed that task performance in older adults cannot be explained by overall task-related brain activation, but rather by a specific spatial component involving suppression of the default mode network and increased activity in visual attention regions. These findings indicate that task-related brain overactivation in older adults is not due to uniform noise or uniform compensation, but rather a spatially specific pattern of functional reorganization.
188h agoAccurate characterization of brain aging is essential for understanding cognitive decline and assessing the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Brain age estimated from cross-sectional MRI provides a snapshot of brain health relative to chronological age, and the derived brain age delta has emerged as a promising biomarker. However, brain age delta reflects cumulative effects at a single time point and fails to capture ongoing aging dynamics. Longitudinal approaches address this limitation by estimating age differences between scan pairs to derive aging speed. Nevertheless, existing methods primarily rely on intensity or texture differences between image pairs, overlook the spatial heterogeneity of aging processes, and provide limited interpretability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel framework that estimates brain aging speed from longitudinal deformation fields obtained via diffeomorphic registration. Instead of solely generating a single global estimate, our method produces patch-wise local aging predictions and adaptively integrates them into a unified global prediction, improving both predictive performance and interpretability. Evaluated on large-scale datasets, our approach achieves superior accuracy compared with existing methods and enhances the identification of abnormal aging patterns in diseased populations. Code is available at https://github.com/Kateridge/MorphologyAgingSpeed.
188h agoOscillations and oscillatory synchronization are pervasive in motor circuits, where their role in rhythm generation and entrainment is well established but their role in feedback control of movement remains unclear. Here I show analytically that two oscillators of any type, coupled through a delayed interaction that is an odd function of their phase difference, necessarily implement a proportional-derivative (PD) control law in the near-synchrony limit. The proportional gain follows from the slope of the coupling function and the derivative gain is set by the coupling delay, so that PD control emerges with no additional machinery. Simulations confirm that such oscillators reproduce ideal PD step responses near synchrony and that control quality degrades systematically away from it. This establishes a direct, model-independent bridge between oscillatory synchronization and feedback control, and suggests concrete experimental signatures for candidate systems.
188h agoBackground: Direct current (DC) stimulation can modulate neuronal activity in ways that differ from pulsatile stimulation, but its intracranial use has been limited by concerns about tissue injury at the electrode/tissue interface. Quantitative safety limits for DC delivered through metal electrodes directly to the brain remain poorly defined. Objective: To estimate histological safety boundaries for DC stimulation delivered through metal electrodes in a large-brain gyrencephalic animal model. Methods: Cathodal DC stimulation was applied to the exposed cortical surface of ten anesthetized sheep using platinum-iridium disc electrodes typically used in clinical applications (surface area less than 4.15 mm2). Currents of 5 to 1000 microA were delivered for 10 to 15 minutes at 36 cortical sites. Stimulation dose was quantified as charge density. Brains were removed shortly after stimulation and examined histologically for tissue damage, including necrosis, inflammation, gliosis, and demyelination. Lesion volumes were quantified and related to charge density. Results: No lesions were observed at sites where no current or a low charge density (0.7mC/mm2) was delivered. With stimulation, lesion probability and volume increased with charge density, although variability was substantial. Lesions occurred in 3 of 18 sites at lower charge densities (1.4 to 10 mC/mm2) and in 5 of 9 sites at higher charge densities (14.4 to 144.4 mC/mm2). Linear regression of lesion volume against charge density yielded an estimated zero-lesion intercept of 2.3 mC/mm2, whereas alternative nonlinear models predicted thresholds up to 8.7 mC/mm2. Conclusion: These findings suggest that it may be possible to apply cathodal DC stimulation directly to the cortical surface through metal electrodes without detectable histological damage when current intensity, duration, and electrode size are appropriately constrained. These findings provide quantitative guidance for the safe application of DC directly to neural tissue in experimental and translational neuromodulation studies.
188h agoTrait anxiety is a common pre-surgical phenotype and has been linked to adverse postoperative cognitive outcome, but whether it modulates the response to general anaesthesia has not been tested in a controlled design that isolates the anaesthetic from surgical injury. We classified 42 male C57BL/6N mice as low-anxiety (LA, n = 24) or high-anxiety (HA, n = 18) by unsupervised k-medoids clustering on cued fear-retrieval freezing, and exposed all animals to sevoflurane under live-EEG titration without surgery. At adequate anaesthetic depth, HA mice carried a flatter aperiodic (1/f) cortical slope than LA mice (AUC = 0.85, [0.70, 0.95]). Conventional water-cross-maze scoring returned null at post-anaesthetic re-test, but unsupervised decomposition of the same trial videos localised the effect to loss of a specific learned transition in HA mice (AUC = 0.72, [0.56, 0.86]). The dark-phase REMS response reversed direction, with HA mice losing REMS against their own baseline while LA mice gained it (AUC = 0.82, [0.65, 0.94]). The three effects are directionally consistent with modulation of cortical excitation-to-inhibition balance under sevoflurane. The aperiodic exponent and emergence-phase EEG trajectory, both recoverable from routine frontal EEG, are candidate pre-anaesthetic biomarkers.
188h agoNeurofeedback (NF) is a promising method for helping individuals overcome choking under pressure. Identifying relevant neural biomarkers is crucial for developing effective NF. In this exploratory study, we aimed to investigate changes in prefrontal hemodynamic signals associated with golf-putting performance under psychological pressure using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants engaged in a one-on-one golf-putting task against an experimenter, with monetary rewards introduced to induce psychological pressure. This manipulation successfully elicited psychological pressure, leading to impaired performance in some participants. Based on performance changes between the practice and competition sessions, participants were categorized into a non-choking group (performance improved) and a choking group (performance declined). Statistical analysis revealed significantly greater increases in prefrontal activation from practice to competition in the non-choking group than in the choking group, especially in the left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, moderate but statistically nonsignificant negative correlations were observed between changes in activation in this region and changes in putting error, indicating that greater activation increases tended to accompany less performance deterioration or greater performance improvement. These exploratory findings suggest that the left superior frontal gyrus warrants further investigation as a candidate biomarker for NF interventions aimed at mitigating choking under pressure.
188h agoThe activity of neural populations typically encodes more information about sensory or motor variables than can be captured by point estimates of the variables. We present and compare two approaches to quantifying this additional or ancillary information and its relationship to uncertainty: the mutual information between activity and estimation error, and the Fisher information loss, which can be interpreted in terms of curvature in information geometry. We show that deviations from Gaussianity of estimation errors, including the long tails frequently observed in human behavioural tasks, are an expected corollary of the presence of ancillary information. However, populations with similar distributions of estimation error can differ substantially in their ancillary information content depending on the noise characteristics. For a given population tuning and noise model, our results quantify an upper bound on the information about uncertainty that can be obtained from population activity alone: behaviour demonstrating knowledge in excess of this bound would indicate access to a separate source of information about uncertainty. Finally, we contrast the effects of external noise and decreasing internal signal strength on ancillary information and the Gaussianity of errors. Our work directly relates knowledge about uncertainty to non-Gaussianity in sensory estimates, and establishes a coherent theoretical foundation for investigating the basis of metacognition in neural population activity.
188h agoDivisive normalization describes how neuronal responses are scaled by the activity of a broader pool of inputs and accounts for several nonlinear response properties in primary visual cortex (V1). It accurately describes contrast gain control, as well as the response to overlapping gratings. Nevertheless, how this computation is performed by the brain is unclear. One mechanism suggested to underlie divisive normalization in V1 is short-term depression (STD) at thalamocortical synapses. Here, we used a Vglut2-Cre dependent heterozygous deletion of Stxbp1 in mice as an in vivo model for increased STD. This enabled us to test whether STD is responsible for divisive normalization in V1. As expected, responses were shorter in the mutant mice compared to wild-type siblings. Although we did find other differences in visual responses, notably in direction selectivity and response linearity, neither the contrast response function, nor the amount of cross orientation suppression differed between the two groups. We conclude that STD is likely not involved in divisive normalization of visual responses in mouse V1. Instead, short-term plasticity shapes the temporal integration through which selective cortical responses are constructed.
188h agoNature Neuroscience, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02369-y
Yu, Zhang et al. show that repeated exposure to the psychedelic drug 25C-NBOMe in adolescent rats, but not in adult rats, reduces willingness to engaged in food resource competition in adulthood, due to reduced theta synchrony between ventral hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex. 192h agoLanguage is typically supported by the left hemisphere, but the prevalence and stability of language lateralization in older adults remain unclear. Although acquired language disorders disproportionately affect older adults, most studies of language lateralization have focused on younger populations. We examined language lateralization and its relationship with age in a large cohort of healthy older adults. 115 healthy adults (57 F, 58 M; mean age 59.6 years) completed functional MRI during an adaptive semantic decision task. Lateralization indices were calculated using a bootstrap-based laterality index (LI) approach for whole-hemisphere, frontal, and temporal regions. Relationships between age and lateralization were examined using Pearsons and Bayesian correlation analyses. Fifteen participants completed repeat imaging after a mean interval of 44.2 months. Language activation was strongly left-lateralized, with 96% of participants classified as left-lateralized and 3% as right-lateralized. Frontal and temporal LIs were strongly correlated. No significant relationship was observed between age and lateralization, and no significant longitudinal changes in lateralization were observed. Bayesian analyses supported absence of both age-related effects and longitudinal change in lateralization. Language lateralization remains strongly left-lateralized and unchanging in healthy aging. Findings suggest that aging should not be a factor in the incidence and severity of aphasia from lateralized pathology.
192h agoDuring natural vision, the human brain constantly has to account for self-produced interruptions of visual input, through blinks and saccades, to maintain a stable perception of the world. It remains unclear whether these event-related neural responses are treated similarly due to a common underlying mechanism. To systematically investigate this functional connection, we recorded synchronized mobile EEG and eye-tracking data from freely moving participants as they (visually) explored a city center. Our results replicate prior findings showing that a substantial portion of the neural response is aligned to event onsets in comparison to offset, underscoring the relevance of investigating the beginning and end of these events. Using advanced deconvolution techniques, we disentangled overlapping, time-locked neural contributions associated with the onsets and offsets of saccades and blinks. The results demonstrate that the deconvoluted neural kernels are highly correlated when comparing saccade onset to blink onset, as well as saccade offset to blink offset, for both evoked and induced activity across electrodes. Together, our findings demonstrate that despite their distinct physical profiles, saccades and blinks share a common neural signature that governs both their onset and offset dynamics during unconstrained real-world behavior.
192h agoMovement is a defining feature of dynamic environments and a key variable encoded by sensory systems. In vision, neural mechanisms that extract motion direction have been studied extensively across species, revealing circuits that compare signals across space and time. Odor plumes likewise carry motion information in their spatiotemporal structure, which walking fruit flies detect and exploit to improve navigation, independent of wind sensing. However, how olfactory circuits compute odor motion remains unknown. Here we identify circuitry in the textit{Drosophila} antennal lobe that transforms bilateral odor inputs into direction-selective signals that are propagated to higher brain regions. These direction-selective signals were widespread across most measured olfactory channels, spanning pheromones, food odors, and aversive cues. Directional responses were elicited by odor traces with naturalistic temporal statistics and tuned to inter-antennal delays of $approx$40~ms. Connectomic, physiological, and behavioral analyses identified one GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the antennal lobe as a key mediator of direction selectivity. Measurements of dynamics in direction-selective neurons revealed ipsilateral excitation and delayed contralateral inhibition. In a minimal data-driven model, this mechanism was sufficient to generate the observed direction-selective responses. These results establish motion detection as a circuit-level olfactory computation and reveal how an early sensory circuit transforms spatiotemporal chemical signals into a neural representation of odor motion to guide navigation.
192h agoSound perception requires sensory information processing through brain regions where alterations to cellular composition or function may impact auditory-relevant behaviors. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a central midbrain hub for integrating and transforming auditory information prior to relay to the forebrain. However, the molecular logic that underlies the cell type specification of the IC remains unknown. Here, using a multiomic approach, we define the transcriptional and chromatin landscapes that underlie IC cell type diversity. We identify distinct glutamatergic neuronal subclasses and the gene regulatory programs that drive their specification, maturation, and survival. We show that perturbation to the transcription factor FOXP2, previously implicated in speech and language as well as brain disorders with altered sensory processing, selectively disrupts the specification and survival of three newly defined glutamatergic neuronal subclasses. We link these molecular and cellular disruptions to functional deficits in auditory processing including altered brainstem and forebrain responses and impaired behavioral sensitivity to acoustic stimuli. Together, these results link gene regulatory mechanisms to cell type-specification in the IC, providing insight into how molecular control of neuronal identity in midbrain sensory centers contributes to systems-level processing of sound.
192h agoConnectome harmonics provide a spectral representation of structural brain connectivity that has emerged as a powerful framework for studying structure-function relationships. However, two fundamental questions remain unresolved: how should inter-individual variability in structural connectivity be incorporated into graph signal processing analyses, and at which spectral scale should connectome harmonics be interpreted? Here, using structural and functional MRI data from 875 participants, we show that subject-specific connectome harmonics reveal a reproducible hierarchical organization of the human connectome. Across the spectrum, harmonics exhibited orderly transitions in stability, graph support, sparsity and anatomical localization, and naturally organized into multiscale families sharing common structural properties. Sparse harmonic representations accurately reconstructed brain activity across resting-state and task paradigms, revealing frequency-dependent recruitment of this structural hierarchy during cognition. Finally, combining structural and functional harmonic organization enabled the prediction of individual cognitive performance, demonstrating that both representations capture complementary behaviorally relevant information. Together, our findings show that connectome harmonics should be viewed not simply as graph-frequency modes of structural connectivity, but as a hierarchically organized representation of the connectome that links brain structure, functional dynamics and cognition.
192h agoFear learning involves the formation of associations between cues and aversive outcomes, a process that must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive or generalised fear. Dopamine release in the lateral amygdala (LA) drives fear acquisition, whereas endogenous opioids constrain it. However, whether opioids are dynamically released within the amygdala circuits during learning, and how they exert this control remain unclear. Here we show that met-enkephalin is locally released within the amygdala during auditory fear conditioning, with signals shifting from the aversive outcome to its predictive cue as learning progresses. The amygdalo-striatal transition zone (ASt), is the principal source of this enkephalin, released from medium spiny neurons receiving strong auditory thalamic input. This enkephalin spreads from the ASt to the LA via volume transmission. Selective knockdown of enkephalin in the ASt abolished opioid signals and enhanced fear learning, demonstrating that this diffuse signal constrains fear memory formation. We further show that enkephalin suppresses dopamine release in both the ASt and LA via -opioid receptors, identifying the ASt as a neuromodulator hub coordinating opioid and dopaminergic signalling across amygdala fear circuits. Although demonstrated here for auditory fear learning, the ASt receives multimodal sensory input, suggesting a broader mechanism through which sensory experience recruits enkephalin release to gate associative learning
192h agoRecent studies implicate regions of the human bilateral fronto-parietal cortices in intuitive physical reasoning -- our ability to perceive, predict, and plan in the physical world. However, it remains unclear whether this "Physics Network" (PN) constitutes a distinct and domain-specific system, or whether instead it overlaps with the nearby domain-general multiple demand (MD) network. To answer this question, we scanned participants (N = 20) with fMRI in a pre-registered study and measured spatial overlap, response profile differences, and resting-state correlation between the PN and MD networks. We find that: (1) The PN and MD networks overlap only minimally within individual participants, (2) Each network exhibits distinct functional profiles across a broad array of tasks, and (3) Time courses of functional response are more correlated between subregions within the same network than subregions between networks. These findings indicate that the Physics Network is dissociable from the Multiple Demand system both spatially and functionally, supporting its distinct role in intuitive physical reasoning.
192h agoHow psychedelics act on cortical dendrites to produce long-lasting structural plasticity remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the effects of psilocybin on dendritic calcium dynamics in pyramidal tract neurons of the mouse medial frontal cortex. Psilocybin transiently increases calcium event rates in apical dendritic tufts over a time course that parallels the drug's pharmacokinetics in the brain. This acute effect is brain state-dependent, occurring selectively during quiet wakefulness, and was abolished by cell type-specific deletion of the 5-HT2A receptor. Under control conditions, dendritic calcium signaling predicts subsequent spine formation, but this relationship is not preserved following psilocybin administration. Together, these findings reveal that psilocybin engages brain state- and 5-HT2A receptor-dependent dendritic signaling, while altering the relationship between acute dendritic activity and long-term structural plasticity. The results suggest that the mechanisms linking acute dendritic signaling to structural remodeling differ between physiological and psychedelic-induced plasticity.
192h agoAnimals adapt their behavior by integrating sensory evidence with prior experience and contextual information. Understanding how animals employ specific behavioral strategies to integrate these variables and how neural mechanisms support such strategies remains unclear. We trained mice on a tactile reversal learning task and used a trial-by-trial computational model to infer latent decision strategies. Early in learning, mice relied on action-based (choice-driven) policies but progressively transitioned to stimulus-guided choices (cue-driven) as they learned the task. Following a rule reversal, mice flexibly reinstated this policy to adapt their behavior. Chemogenetic silencing of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) delayed this transition and impaired reversal learning. To identify the neural basis of strategy learning, we developed a novel approach combining low-dimensional analysis of neural activity with decoding of behavioral strategies from longitudinal two-photon imaging. We revealed reward- and error-strategy representations in excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) that were differentially modulated by OFC instructive signals. Within S1, distinct subpopulations of positive and negative-valence-coding neurons tracked evolving decision strategies through trial-history integration. Together, these findings revealed how mice flexibly deploy distinct exploratory strategies during adaptive behavior, highlighting OFC's role in supporting reward and error-guided learning through distinct corticocortical interactions.
192h agoDopamine contributes to reward-related decision making, but its contributions to decision contexts that include explicit punishment are less well understood. To elucidate the role of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in decision making under risk of punishment, we used fiber photometry to record activity in these neurons during a decision-making task in which rats choose between a small, "safe" reward and a large reward associated with varying probabilities of explicit punishment. Dopamine neuron activity exhibited phasic increases during risky "Wins" (reward without punishment) and phasic decreases during risky "Losses" (reward plus punishment), each of which scaled with punishment probability and intensity. Further analyses revealed that this outcome-evoked activity predicted choices on subsequent trials. To determine whether VTA dopamine neuron activity plays a causal role in these risk-based decisions, we used optogenetics to selectively inhibit these neurons during risky Wins and Losses. Inhibition of VTA dopamine neurons during Wins selectively reduced the frequency of risky choices after a Win, whereas inhibition during Losses selectively reduced the frequency of risky choices after a Loss. These data reveal that VTA dopamine neuron activity during outcome receipt is causally related to subsequent decision-making behavior. In addition, the fact that the effects of inhibition on choice behavior were specific to the outcome with which the inhibition was paired suggests that VTA dopamine neuron activity contributes to updating after Wins and Losses independently.
192h agoRegistration of histological sections to a reference atlas is essential for anatomical localization and region-based quantitative analysis. Although established workflows are powerful, image preparation, registration, quantification, and visualization often rely on multiple software packages, some of which require platform-specific installation or locally configured programming environments. Here, we present NeuroFlow, a browser-based workflow for quantitative analysis of mouse brain histology. NeuroFlow integrates image registration, signal detection, quantification, and visualization within a single interface and operates across major operating systems without additional software installation. It supports affine and nonlinear alignment, as well as real-time oblique reslicing of the reference atlas. All processing is performed locally in a desktop browser, without requiring a local Python environment, MATLAB installation, or associated packages and toolboxes, and without uploading images to a remote server. This design preserves user control over data and keeps intermediate results accessible for inspection and review. NeuroFlow is available at https://guangweizhang.com/tool-neuroflow.html.
196h agoPrenatal cannabis use is on the rise, and observational studies suggest that such use results in neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring. Because observational studies can be confounded by unaccounted factors, we studied the neurodevelopmental consequences, at the molecular level, of prenatal cannabis use. We applied an integrated multi-omics approach, combining transcriptomics and global proteomics, tofirst trimester(T1) andsecond trimester(T2) humanfetal brains from pregnancies with and without documented maternal cannabis exposureand nouse of drugsof abuse.Prenatal cannabis exposure produced minimal molecular effects in female T1 fetal brains but induced pronounced system-level disruption in male T2 fetal brains. These disrupted pathways have molecular signatures linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia-related pathology, and disorders of cortical connectivity, raising significant concerns of prenatal cannabis use.
196h agoNeuronal circuits in the olfactory bulb (OB) perform computations fundamental to pattern classification including a decorrelation and normalization of odor-evoked activity. These computations are mediated by diverse interneurons but a comprehensive picture of interneuron types and their microcircuit organization is lacking. We provide a deep anatomical classification of neuron types and their synaptic connectivity in the OB of adult zebrafish, a well-established model to analyze olfactory computations. We reconstructed 459 neurons in an image volume acquired by serial block face scanning electron microscopy and defined 13 neuron classes based on morphological and ultrastructural features. These comprised two classes of projection neurons and 11 interneuron classes, some of which were further separated into subclasses. Ultrastructural information including spine shape, variations in neurite diameter and synaptic arrangements contributed significantly to the distinction of cell types. As in other species, reciprocal synaptic connections were abundant. Targeted synapse annotation revealed systematic connectivity between projection neurons and interneurons. These included microcircuit motifs combining reciprocal and unidirectional connectivity that provide possible structural substrates for gain control and lateral inhibition. The results provide detailed insights into the structural organization of the OB and an anatomical foundation for physiological and computational studies of information processing in olfaction.
200h agoPaediatric brain tumours are increasingly recognised as diseases of disrupted development, arising when lineage progression programs, that normally govern neural and glial maturation, become stalled or dysregulated. Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a highly aggressive paediatric brainstem tumour, emerges during early childhood in the pons, a region undergoing rapid postnatal growth characterized by oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the environmental factors that shape these developmental trajectories remain poorly defined. Here, using germ-free and conventionally colonized mice, we investigated whether early-life microbiota influences transcriptional and metabolic programs in the developing brainstem during this critical developmental window. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed pronounced microbiota-associated transcriptional differences at postnatal day 2 (P2), but not at P8, identifying a temporally restricted period during which microbial colonization is associated with pathways linked to oligodendrocyte lineage progression, myelination, and neuroimmune signalling. Transcriptional analyses further identified altered expression of genes associated with CD11c microglia, a developmental microglial subtype implicated in regulating oligodendrocyte maturation. Untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed parallel microbiota-associated differences in pathways related to mitochondrial function, redox balance, and methyl-donor metabolism. Integrated multi-omics analyses identified coordinated networks linking glial lineage programs with metabolites involved in cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Notably, several of these transcriptional and metabolic programs overlap with gene signatures reported in diffuse midline glioma, suggesting that microbiota-sensitive developmental pathways intersect with cellular states relevant to paediatric brainstem tumour biology.
200h agoarXiv:2607.15631v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The primate visual system is typically divided into two streams - the ventral stream, responsible for object recognition, and the dorsal stream, responsible for encoding spatial relations and motion. Recent studies have shown that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained on object recognition tasks are remarkably effective at predicting neuronal responses in the ventral stream, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying object recognition. However, similar models of the dorsal stream remain underdeveloped due to the lack of large scale datasets encompassing dorsal stream areas. To address this gap, we present STSBench, a dataset of large-scale, single neuron recordings from over 2,000 neurons in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), a nearly 50-fold increase over existing dorsal stream datasets, collected while Rhesus macaques viewed thousands of unique, natural videos. We show that our dataset can be used for benchmarking encoding models of dorsal stream neuronal responses and reconstructing visual input from neural activity.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15693v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We describe a model of perceptual inference in primary visual cortex (V1) equivalent to a minimal diffusion model whose function can be readily understood from its parameters. The model is based on sparse coding with a non-factorial prior over latent variables in the form of an unconstrained, pairwise interaction matrix, extending standard sparse coding inference to a general recurrent dynamical system. We efficiently train these recurrent dynamics using a denoising score-matching objective and implicit differentiation. After training on natural images, the learned interaction matrix mirrors the structure of horizontal connections in superficial layers of V1 that link neurons of similar orientation tuning. This model exhibits exceptionally good denoising performance, restoring image features such as extended contours amid extreme visual ambiguity, nearly matching the behavior of standard, black-box diffusion architectures in generalization regime. Owing to the model's simplicity, the network's Jacobian can be decomposed directly in terms of the interaction matrix between latent variables, revealing mechanistically how the recurrent dynamics assign high probability over a continuous family of natural structural deformations. Intriguingly, within this circuit, a large fraction of latent variables learn to disconnect from visual input altogether, essentially forming a hierarchical representation that appears to enforce global consistency among image features. Together, the model and results bridge two distinct domains: for neuroscience, it generates concrete, testable hypotheses regarding functional connectivity in recurrent neural circuits during perceptual inference tasks; for machine learning, it elucidates the internal mechanisms learned by diffusion models that allow them to generate infinitely many novel images from a finite training set.
204h agoarXiv:2607.11950v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Brain field potentials are scale-free: their power spectra follow a $1/f^{\beta}$ law whose aperiodic exponent $\beta$ tracks cortical state, and sleep depth in particular is a shift in $\beta$. We ask whether a transformer endowed with an explicit renormalization-group (RG) inductive bias the RG-Flow Transformer, which couples ordinary self-attention to a scale-aware stream with a learnable anomalous dimension $\gamma$, block-spin coarse-graining, and an entropy-gated synchronization bridge has an advantage over a parameter-matched vanilla transformer on \emph{real, scarce} EEG. Using the PhysioNet Sleep-EDF corpus with a strict leakage-free by-subject hold-out, we (i) benchmark RG-Flow against a param-matched vanilla transformer and a hierarchy-only ablation on 5-class AASM sleep staging, (ii) sweep the per-subject data budget to look for the inductive-bias crossover predicted when data are scarce, and (iii) test whether RG-Flow's learned $\gamma$ tracks the measured spectral exponent $\beta$ out-of-sample a quantity the vanilla model does not possess. Across $5$ subjects and $5$ seeds under leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, RG-Flow and the vanilla transformer are statistically indistinguishable on 5-class staging (77.3\% vs 77.0\% accuracy; paired $p=0.294$), and the predicted scarce-data crossover does not appear: vanilla is numerically ahead at every data-limited budget. What does separate the models is interpretability RG-Flow recovers the continuous spectral exponent out-of-sample ($\beta$-recovery $R^2 = 0.416$), a capability the vanilla architecture has no analogue for.
204h agoarXiv:2607.10439v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We model human motor cortex, recorded during rest and motor-imagery BCI conditions, as a port-Hamiltonian system: a conservative interconnection (skew-symmetric coupling between band-limited neural phasors) together with a dissipative port whose state-dependent decay is set by a graph-neural-network surrogate. The Hamiltonian is resolved into five interpretable frequency sub-energies, and a phase-locking prior measured from the recordings gates the learned functional connectome so that coupling is admitted only where phase coherence is present. A metriplectic formulation places the resting cortex at a non-equilibrium steady state sustained by an explicit metabolic port, with a fluctuation-dissipation-consistent noise channel governed by a single arousal temperature. Fitting the model to 'FitTrainN' phasor samples from the PhysioNet EEG Motor Movement/Imagery database, under a leakage-free split with three subjects held out entirely, yields a held-out kinematic reconstruction error of 'FitTestMSE' that is stable across random seeds. We then score the free-running model against model-independent dynamical invariants it did not author: it reproduces near-critical avalanche branching ($\sigma\approx1$) but not yet the aperiodic $1/f$ spectral slope or the long-range temporal correlations of real cortex a concrete, falsifiable gap that we trace to specific, testable upgrades. The port-Hamiltonian structure supplies neuroanatomically grounded stimulation ports with stability guarantees, positioning the model as a physically principled, structure-preserving substrate for closed-loop neuromodulation.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15627v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Over the past 30 years, the special limiting procedure known as ultradiscretisation has become the tool of choice in the field of infinite dimensional integrable systems for constructing cellular automata that exhibit solitonic behaviour, as e.g. in the Korteweg-de Vries equation. A lesser known fact is that, in many cases, ultradiscretisation can also be used to construct cellular automata that retain the essential dynamical features (such as the existence of limit cycles etc.) of a dynamical system expressed in terms of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In its standard application, the ultradiscretisation procedure relies on the prior construction of a `good' discretisation of the dynamical system at hand, that shares the essential dynamical features of the ODE and which is sign-free, making it amenable to the ultradiscrete limit. In this paper we show, on a simple but generic model, that even if one starts from a discrete system with different dynamical features than the ODE one obtains as its continuum limit, the ultradiscrete limit can be tweaked such that the dynamics of the resulting cellular automaton is closer to that of the continuum limit than to that of the discrete model itself.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15670v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study the singularities of some selected integrable lattice equations and show they all admit three types of singularities: one of finite and two of infinite extent. In particular, we show that all the equations we study possess a recently discovered, strip-like, singularity which is known under the moniker of ''taishi''. We study in detail the interaction of these taishi with the remaining two types of singularities and show that the rich behaviour first obtained in the case of the Korteweg-deVries equation is also present for other equations. Moreover, we find that in all cases this behaviour can be encoded in terms of simple symbolic dynamics which are just the dynamics governing a Box & Ball cellular automaton.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15924v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Phase-only models have contributed significantly to the understanding of synchronization; however, they do not account for dynamical scenarios where amplitude dynamics matter. This study identifies an amplitude-mediated transition from complete frequency coherence to partial incoherence, observed both in an electrochemical silicon-etching experiment and within a population of globally coupled heterogeneous Stuart-Landau oscillators. Strong coupling introduces a bimodal-amplitude distribution from which the transition to partial incoherence is triggered by successive secondary Hopf bifurcations in low-amplitude oscillators. When these modulations cause oscillators to experience amplitude defects, the winding number changes, converting the secondary frequency into a new, oscillator-specific mean frequency. This mechanism results in a partially incoherent state, in which one amplitude group maintains frequency locking while another develops a dispersed frequency branch. These findings demonstrate that amplitude defects offer a pathway to incoherence that phase-only models cannot capture.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15492v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The heart's contractions are triggered by action potential waves, which propagate through the cardiac muscle and exhibit diverse spatio-temporal dynamics during different heart rhythms. The dynamics are modeled with partial differential equations (PDEs) in cardiac electrophysiology simulations. However, fitting such models to measurement data to develop digital twins or patient-specific computer models is challenging. Here, we introduce differentiable cardiac electrophysiology simulations that can be fitted automatically to spatio-temporal measurement data of action potential waves in cardiac tissue. By comparing the simulated dynamics with the observation data, we define a loss function that is minimized via gradient-based optimization. Backpropagating the loss gradient through the differentiable PDE solver enables us to learn the parameters and recover the full dynamics, even with sparse, noisy, or partial observations. Implemented using both the finite-difference and smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods, our simulation framework can be applied to pixel-, voxel-, or point-based data, such as 2D or 3D slabs, or arbitrary shapes, such as the heart's ventricles. Using this methodology, we locate early activation sites inside a 3D bi-ventricular simulation geometry and fit a phenomenological model to imaging data of a voltage spiral wave in a cardiac monolayer cell culture. With experimental data, we employed a perceptual loss based on the Video Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture, which enables fitting to noisy imaging data, and a generative diffusion model to estimate initial conditions and constrain solutions. Differentiable cardiac electrophysiology simulations could improve the diagnosis of rhythm abnormalities in patients and facilitate the development of personalized models or digital twins of the heart.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15692v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Using geometric singular perturbation theory, we construct stationary, periodic, front-type far-from-equilibrium patterns in a cross-diffusion model for plant growth under the influence of toxicity. We show how existing techniques for the analysis of far-from-equilibrium patterns in one spatial dimension can be extended to include cross-diffusion terms and prove the existence of a one-parameter family of these patterns. For a general cross-diffusion model class, we show when front-type patterns may appear depending on the shape of the critical manifold, which is determined by the specific properties of the reaction terms.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15784v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We revisit the renormalization group (RG) approach to the one-dimensional stochastic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation and show that previous approaches based on perturbative Wilsonian RG with a sharp cutoff are not valid, even though they yield a qualitatively correct picture. The reason is that taking momentum derivatives while using the sharp cutoff is not well-defined in some cases and leads to intrinsic divergencies. This is a well-known problem of Wilsonian RG, which can be simply cured by using a smooth cutoff, and employing the functional renormalization group (FRG) framework. We establish the flow equations for the KS model within the FRG, and demonstrate that it flows to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) fixed point at large scales. We then calculate the full two-point correlation function over a wide range of momenta and frequencies. We show that it exhibits three universal scaling regimes that we characterize: the KPZ regime (with dynamical exponent $z=3/2$), the Edwards-Wilkinson regime (with $z=2$) and the recently discovered inviscid regime (with $z=1$). The latter develops over an extended range of large wavenumbers and originates from the vanishing of the effective viscosity. Lastly, we investigate the large-scale behavior of the deterministic KS equation by studying the limit of vanishing noise and we determine the scales where the KPZ regime can emerge in the deterministic case.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15989v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Understanding how cooperation persists despite the advantage of selfish behavior remains a central challenge in evolutionary dynamics. Classical models of public goods dilemmas predict dominance of defectors, yet natural and social systems often sustain cooperation. We study an eco-evolutionary public goods game on complex networks where cooperators and defectors diffuse at different rates. When the isolated system is in a defector-dominated coexistence regime, faster dispersal of defectors than cooperators leads to a symmetry-breaking transition that produces localized clusters of cooperators. In heterogeneous networks, nodes with higher connectivity become significantly more likely to exhibit cooperative dominance. A degree-based mean-field reduction supports this result by showing that network connectivity controls an effective coupling strength proportional to node degree, thereby producing a bifurcation that separates defector-dominated and cooperative states. We also address why not all hubs become cooperative by means of a multistability analysis. These results reveal how asymmetric mobility and heterogeneous connectivity jointly promote cooperation in structured populations.
204h agoarXiv:2607.16035v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A foundational principle in nonlinear dynamics is that the structure of a dynamical system can be recovered from a small number of generic measurements or coordinates. We develop an analogous principle for the identification of dynamic models for time series {\em with noise}, which builds on previous identification results for noiseless dynamical systems. The noise is allowed to be non-iid, non-Gaussian, and dependent on the state. Our results cover noisily observed differential equations and discrete-time dynamical systems, as well as stochastic models with process noise. We illustrate the utility of this identification principle using a Lorenz-63 model and a H\'{e}non map model, both with observational noise.
204h agoarXiv:2607.16046v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There are many extant models of hypergraphs with interactions governed by attribute-based homophily between nodes, but most assume independence between edges conditional on node parameters. Relaxing this assumption, we study a mechanistic model of growing hypergraphs in which edge formation is influenced by both previous edges and binary node labels. Edges form in this model as noisy copies of previous edges, where the transmission of nodes from one edge to the next depends on multiple homophilic mechanisms between labels. These homophilic mechanisms give rise to tunable assortative structure in the hypergraph. We derive a power law for the degree distribution in this model and describe the long-term dynamics of the joint distribution of labels contained in edges. Our model defines a likelihood over a labeled hypergraph, allowing us to use standard maximum-likelihood techniques to structure algorithms. We estimate the model parameters on synthetic and real data via (stochastic) expectation maximization. These estimates give statistically-principled descriptions of the operation of homophily in empirical polyadic systems. We also demonstrate an approach to community detection via simulated annealing which, though computationally expensive, achieves competitive results on both synthetic data and certain empirical data sets known to be challenging to community detection techniques based on the edge-independence assumption. Our findings highlight the benefits of incorporating edge- and label-dependence in higher-order modeling and data analysis, and point to several directions for future work.
204h agoarXiv:2402.17500v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A central question of network science is how functional properties of systems emerge from their structure. For networked dynamical systems, structure is typically captured through network measures. We investigate the relationship between these measures and stability metrics across non-linear and linear oscillators, as well as real-world power grid topologies and dynamics. We find that this relationship is highly sensitive to the underlying ensemble: minor changes in the networks considered, such as going from mean degree 6 to mean degree 8, can invert the correlation between a network measure and stability. We also investigate network measures as inputs for machine learning, as well as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as predictors of stability. Both GNNs and the non-linear combination of many network measures can accurately predict stability within a given ensemble, yet both can fail when the ensemble changes. We conclude that neither approach reliably identifies the underlying structural causes of instability.
204h agoarXiv:2508.16733v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many dynamical systems in nature, such as brains and weather systems, are highly nonlinear and complex. Determining information flow among the components that make up these dynamical systems is challenging. If the components are the result of a common process or become synchronized, causality measures typically fail. We previously introduced Cross-Dynamical Delay Differential Analysis (CD-DDA), a nonlinear method for assessing causal influence, along with a complementary approach for dynamical similarity between time series data, Dynamical Ergodicity Delay Differential Analysis (DE-DDA). Here, we show that ``Causal Dynamic Resonance (CDR)'' further improves the false positive rejection rate by adding white noise to the data, without perturbing the underlying dynamical system. This is followed by a study of CDR in coupled R\"ossler systems, where ground truth interactions are known and in invasive intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) data from drug-resistant epilepsy patients undergoing presurgical monitoring.
204h agoarXiv:2511.22876v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: It is well known that tau functions of the KP hierarchy satisfy addition formulas. Among them we consider the formula which expresses a tau function with shifted arguments by $2n$ parameters in terms of the same tau function with shifted arguments by two parameters in the form of determinant. We then take the limits of it tending some of parameters to zero. As an important special case we obtain the formula which connects the shifted tau function to the Wronskian of functions obtained by substituting parameter values into the spectral variable of the wave function. As an application, we prove the equivalence of vertex operators and Darboux transformations. As another application, we derive a new addition formula for Riemann's theta functions of Riemann surfaces by considering theta function solutions of the KP hierarchy. It can be considered as a limit of Fay's famous formula (43) in the book [Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 352, Springer, Berlin, 1973]. But the formula we have derived is a different limit from the limits of (43) considered in that book.
204h agoarXiv:2606.16427v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We study noisy identical Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators with phase lag $\alpha\in[0,\pi/2)$, where $\alpha>0$ induces nonreciprocal interactions. Numerical phase diagrams in the $(\sigma, \alpha)$ plane in fully-connected graphs, formed by long-range weights tuned by $\sigma$ on $d$-dimensional lattices, reveal a critical phase lag $\alpha_c$, below which spontaneous synchronization occurs. This critical phase lag decreases monotonically with $\sigma$. We characterize the critical behavior analytically using the dynamical renormalization group theory.
204h agoarXiv:2508.07862v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This paper tackles the long-standing problem of quantizing the rational spin Ruijsenaars--Schneider model originating in the work of Krichever and Zabrodin. We make use of the technique of quantum Hamiltonian reduction to construct a quantized quiver variety $\mathfrak{A}_{N,\ell}$ associated to the framed Jordan quiver. This quantized quiver variety is simultaneously the algebra of quantum observables of the rational spin Ruijsenaars--Schneider model of $N$ particles with $\ell$ spin polarizations. Inside this algebra, we find a loop algebra and Yangian of $\mathfrak{gl}_\ell$ and conjecture that in the limit of infinitely many particles, the algebra $\mathfrak{A}_{N,\ell}$ becomes a shifted affine Yangian. We also exhibit a difference equation for eigenstates of the lowest Hamiltonian that reduces to the spinless case when $\ell=1$.
204h agoarXiv:2607.07281v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modular miniature robots could provide scalable function in constrained environments, but coordinating many imperfect modules remains difficult when computation, communication and reliability are limited. A central robotics challenge is to coordinate many actuator-sensor modules without assigning a privileged leader, prescribing a fixed gait template, or relying on dense communication. Here we introduce a programmable synchronization-graph framework for modular miniature robots in which each actuator-sensor pair is represented as a network node and locomotor coordination is encoded through graph coupling. Fixed intra-subgraph links synchronize heterogeneous actuator groups, whereas a small number of signed inter-subgraph links program phase relationships between groups. In physical robot collectives with up to nine modules, graph coupling drives the emergence of synchronization, signed links tune the phase difference from in-phase to out-of-phase motion, and floor experiments produce gallop-like and trot-like contact patterns in a five-module robot assembly. Replacing dense all-to-all coupling with sparse d-regular topologies preserves synchronization while reducing the coupling burden. The same graph representation also captures fault tolerance: increasing graph degree increases the number of module deactivations tolerated before desynchronization. Finally, an upper-confidence-bound edge-selection algorithm learns inter-subgraph links that drive the system toward target phase states. In a separate deactivation benchmark, the graph-based controller avoids the leader-specific failure mode observed in centralized leader-follower control and reduces worst-case phase error by about threefold. These results establish programmable network topology as a compact control layer for gait phase programming, online adaptation and robustness to unit loss in modular miniature robots.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15676v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We derive a rigorous sufficient condition for the absence of spin-glass order in the Ising spin glass with symmetric binary couplings on Migdal--Kadanoff (MK) hierarchical lattices with even branching number. The key observation is that a single exact renormalization-group step creates zero effective bonds with positive probability, thereby reducing the problem to bond percolation on the corresponding hierarchical lattice. When the induced dilution exceeds the percolation threshold, both spin-glass order and stiffness are absent at all temperatures, including zero temperature. As a consequence, our criterion gives a rigorous proof that the Ising spin glass on the square lattice does not exhibit a spin-glass phase within the MK approximation. More unexpectedly, by choosing sufficiently large scale factors and branching numbers, we construct MK hierarchical lattices whose fractal dimensions are arbitrarily close to three from below but still exhibit no spin-glass order. This sharply contrasts with numerical estimates obtained for MK hierarchical lattices with relatively small scale factors and branching numbers, which placed the lower critical dimension near \(2.52\).
204h agoarXiv:2607.15785v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Charge transport (CT) in biological systems is of great interest due to its role in various functional activities like photobiology, bioenergetics, redox catalytic and other metabolic activities, etc. It has been observed by various studies that the presence of a dynamic disorder in biomolecules facilitates charge dynamics in the intermediate transport regime, i.e., far from hopping and towards a bank-like mechanism. Hitherto, the dynamic disorder (in a time scale, coupling between electronic and nuclear dynamics) weightage on CT in molecules is not well-established for the measurement of molecular conductivity from small to long-range ordering. With this motivation, we propose the flickering resonance-coupled entropy-ruled charge transport theory for transfer-rate and diffusion-based mobility (D/{\mu}) calculations. The proposed analytical formalism incorporates the impact of dynamic disorder-correlated degeneracy (in a flickering-resonance manner) on the entropy-ruled electron transfer rate and diffusion-mobility, which are valid for localized hopping, delocalized band transport, and regimes in between. By this approach, it has been observed that the dynamics-driven electronic site matching probability enhances the degeneracy, which is quantified by the differential entropy. The analysis clearly shows that for ultra-fast dynamical and degenerate cases, the entropy-ruled mobility is transformed as band mobility, rather than the thermally activated hopping or diffusion process.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15798v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Does thermal averaging preserve signatures of eigenstate complexity? We study the entropic complexity C = S_1 - S_2 (Shannon minus second-order Renyi entropy) across the ergodic-to-localized crossover of three disordered models: the Rosenzweig-Porter (RP) ensemble, the power-law banded random matrix (PLBRM) ensemble, and the random-field Heisenberg chain. We compare a wavefunction-level quantity C_eig to the complexity of the thermal (Gibbs) state before and after pointer-basis dephasing, via the trace (C_tr) and diagonal (C_diag) complexities. The answer is mostly no: thermal averaging strongly suppresses, but does not eliminate, eigenstate-complexity signatures. C_eig develops a pronounced mid-phase maximum in RP and, at matching fractal dimension, in the structurally independent PLBRM model; a high-statistics scan resolves a weak (about 10%) but reproducible thermal shadow of this peak in the thermal diagonal complexity. This feature is confined to the two random-matrix models; in the Heisenberg chain the eigenstate complexity instead peaks at the many-body localization transition. A second, genuinely thermal feature, an edge just inside the ergodic phase, has no eigenstate counterpart and, in PLBRM, recedes with system size. Both features are tracked by scale-invariant crossover indicators: the log-ratio of the trace and diagonal crossover temperatures, which vanishes upon localization, and the relative entropy of coherence. Entropic complexity thus cleanly separates thermal-state and eigenstate physics: a sharp wavefunction-level feature, reproducible across unrelated random-matrix constructions, leaves only a faint, structurally distinct imprint on thermal observables.
204h agoarXiv:2607.15902v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We investigate the ultrametric organization of energy landscapes defined on sparse random Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi graphs. Each graph vertex is assigned a random free energy from a uniform distribution over an interval of width $\Delta F$, and the kinetics are modeled by a Markov process with Kramers transition rates. Using spectral decomposition of the rate matrix, we construct a kinetic Mahalanobis metric between basins of attraction. Computational experiments for graphs with $V=5000$ vertices and $E=5000$ edges show that the degree of nontrivial ultrametricity increases monotonically from $\approx42\%$ for $\Delta F=10$ kJ/mol to $\approx96\%$ for $\Delta F=1000$ kJ/mol. We prove a limit theorem: as $\Delta F\to\infty$, the logarithmic asymptotics of this metric converge pointwise to the classical single-linkage ultrametric. For finite $\Delta F$, corrections from suboptimal paths are exponentially suppressed with increasing $\Delta F$, so that the metric becomes asymptotically ultrametric. Our results suggest that ultrametricity is a universal property of sparse, locally tree-like networks with rugged energy landscapes in the limit of large energy spreads.
204h agoarXiv:2507.05073v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We investigate the two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg model with bond disorder on nearest-neighbor couplings using the recently introduced Foundation Neural-Network Quantum States framework, which enables accurate and efficient computation of disorder-averaged observables with a single variational optimization. Simulations on large lattices reveal an extended region of the phase diagram where conventional magnetic long-range order vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, while the Edwards-Anderson order parameter remains finite, signaling the emergence of a quantum spin-glass phase. These findings, supported by a semiclassical analysis based on a large-spin expansion, provide compelling evidence that the spin glass-order is stable against quantum fluctuations, unlike the classical case where it disappears at any finite temperature.
204h agoarXiv:2604.07130v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Dyson [Commun. Math. Phys. 12, 91 (1969)] rigorously proved the existence of a phase transition in the one-dimensional Ising model with long-range interactions of the form $r^{-\alpha}$ for $1 < \alpha < 2$. In the present study, we extend this result to the Ising spin glass model with Gaussian disorder on the Nishimori line. Following Dyson's method, we first prove the existence of long-range order at finite low temperatures in the Dyson hierarchical Ising spin glass model on the Nishimori line, with power-law-like interactions $J(r) \sim r^{-\alpha}$ for $1 < \alpha < 3/2$. The key ingredients of the proof are the interpolation method developed in the rigorous analysis of mean-field spin glass models, the Gibbs--Bogoliubov inequality on the Nishimori line, and the Tsirelson--Ibragimov--Sudakov inequality (Gaussian concentration inequality). We then use the Griffiths inequality on the Nishimori line to rigorously establish the existence of a phase transition in the one-dimensional Ising spin glass model with long-range interactions on the Nishimori line for $1 < \alpha < 3/2$. For $3/2 \le \alpha \le 2 $, the existence of a phase transition remains an open problem.
204h agoarXiv:2607.14827v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate prediction of the Born effective charge (BEC) tensor is crucial for modeling materials under electric fields but remains computationally expensive. To bridge this gap, we present SevenNet-Polar, an equivariant graph neural network framework based on the SevenNet architecture for fast and accurate BEC predictions. Our BEC-only predictors can achieve an RMSE as low as 0.0043 e on ZrO$_2$, Li$_3$PO$_4$, and perovskites, despite the presence of high-temperature (up to 2,000 K) and defect-laden training data. Our all-in-one multitask models for predicting energy, forces, stress, and BEC in ZrO$_2$ and Li$_3$PO$_4$ achieve high accuracy with an RMSE of 1.0 meV/atom for energy, 12 meV/angstrom for forces, 0.05 GPa for stress, and 0.0029 e for BEC. BEC accuracy is not degraded by multitask training. Scaling analysis reveals distinct exponents for diagonal and off-diagonal BEC components, both of which exhibit less favorable scaling than energy, force and stress errors. SevenNet-Polar generalizes robustly when tested on scenarios containing structural environments absent from the training set, such as along nudged elastic band (NEB) trajectories or grain boundaries in ZrO$_2$. Accelerated by FlashTP, SevenNet-Polar enables simulations containing up to 1.5 million atoms on multi-GPU supercomputers and up to approximately 15,000 atoms on a single consumer-grade GPU. This makes charge-aware molecular dynamics simulations under electric fields more accessible.
204h agoThe recent growing evidence support the existence of two subtypes of Parkinsons disease (PD), a body first and brain first subtype owing to variability in the disease site of onset as well as disease progression. Animal models which could replicate the specific differences of these subtypes are important to explore the pathophysiology as well as to evaluate novel treatment options. Here, we describe an animal model of body first PD subtype developed using repeated low dose exposure of environmental neurotoxin Paraquat (P) and Lectin (L) to characterize its PD-like manifestations. We administered P+L (P+L, p.o.) daily to rats for 90 days. These animals underwent motor and non-motor behavioral tests at various time intervals. After 21 weeks, post-mortem histopathological analysis was performed to assess neurodegeneration. Onset of motor deficits initiated unilaterally from week 4 of P+L followed by gradual progression towards bilateral symptoms that were levodopa responsive. This model also replicates non motor features including cognitive deficits in tests like Novel Object Recognition Test and Y maze as well as sleep abnormalities. The histopathology showed nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and proteinase K resistant S129 alpha-synucleinopathy both in the gut and the brain. The replication of both progressive motor and non-motor features in this rat model corroborates body first subtype of PD therefore making it an attractive option for testing neuroprotective experimental therapeutics and avenue to understand pathophysiological mechanisms.
204h agoBackground: Polytrauma caused by exposure to high explosives (blast) is increasingly common among military personnel and civilians yet treatment for related post-concussive symptoms and chronic behavioral dysfunction is limited. Therapeutic targets following these injuries are typically focused on the central nervous system, with less attention placed on potentially more accessible peripheral targets. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has recently gained traction as a potential therapeutic modality but has yet to be examined in a blast trauma setting. Methods: Our well-established blast overpressure model was utilized to induce repetitive (3x) blast trauma, followed by treatment with non-invasive transcutaneous VNS one hour following each blast exposure in male mice. Acutely following repetitive blast exposure, we measured serum and brain cytokine levels, fecal microbial abundance, and locomotion and anxiety-like behavior in the open field assay. Chronically (1-3 months post blast), mice were assessed for behavioral outcomes related to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including acoustic startle (hyperreactivity), probabilistic discounting (risky decision making), and two-bottle choice test (voluntary alcohol consumption). Results: VNS treatment following blast exposure decreased acute blast-induced inflammatory response in the blood and brain, especially serum IL-9 and IP-10, and brain MPC-1. Chronic behavior tests demonstrated a VNS-dependent reduction in blast-induced risky decision-making and a decreased intake and preference for ethanol. Conversely, VNS was not effective in preventing acute blast effects on the microbiome or chronic hyperreactivity behaviors measured with acoustic startle. Discussion: This study identifies the vagus nerve as a novel peripheral target for treating acute and chronic blast-induced dysfunction.
204h agoBackground. Cochlear implants (CI) partially restore hearing in profoundly hearing im-paired or deaf people by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve. A bottleneck of electri-cal CIs is the broad spread of electrical current from each electrode that limits the transfer of spectral information, which might be overcome by future spatially confined optogenetic stimulation. Objective. Here we established an in silico framework, FraSCO, to model sound encoding in the human cochlea by an optogenetic CI (oCI) for testing the potential of optogenetic hearing restoration. Methods. The biophysical modeling framework combined an optical ray tracing model implementing a human cochlea implanted with a waveguide-based oCI with a single compartment model of optogenetically modified spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The input was an optogenetic sound coding strategy and the quality of the neural representation was evaluated based on comparison of neurograms evoked by opto-genetic and electrical stimulation to the spectrogram of the sound applied. The model aimed for technologically feasible properties of the oCIs with 64 stimulation channels. Re-sults. The biophysical modeling framework successfully captured essential physiological features of optogenetic SGN stimulation with a minimal set of ion channel types expressed in the SGN soma. Working with a sample of 1000 SGNs distributed along the tonotopic ax-is to represent sound encoding, we found that improved spectral selectivity more than com-pensates for lower temporal fidelity of current implementations of optogenetic stimulation. Significance. The established computational framework enables in silico investigation and benchmarking of sound encoding in the cochlea by future oCI and state-of-the-art eCI. The results indicate that optogenetic sound encoding has potential to improve speech under-standing in noisy environments for CI users.
204h agoAdolescence and early adulthood are marked by rapid neurobehavioral development in reward and decision-making processes, coinciding with the initiation and escalation of alcohol use. While adolescent and young adulthood alcohol initiation is not atypical, adult trajectories diverge: some individuals reduce or discontinue use, whereas others escalate to more frequent or problematic patterns leading to substance use disorders. Corticostriatal circuits, including the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens; NAcc) and dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen), support reward processing, goal-directed behavior, and habit formation, and are thought to contribute to distinct stages of alcohol use. Yet, how the normative maturation of these circuits relates to alcohol initiation and the transition to habitual consumption remains unclear. We used data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence and Adulthood (NCANDAA) cohort (822 participants, baseline ages 12 - 22 years old, 1 - 9 visits per participant, 4,356 total visits), a large multisite longitudinal neuroimaging sample spanning adolescence to young adulthood. We observed that rsfMRI functional connectivity (FC) patterns varied systematically across striatal subdivisions: NAcc FC followed an inverted U shaped trajectory, peaking during adolescence; while caudate and putamen FC showed monotonic decreases with age. Adolescent peak NAcc connectivity was associated with alcohol use initiation, while a lack of normative decrease in putamen connectivity was linked to more frequent alcohol use in adulthood. Together, results suggest that the maturation of reward processing circuitry may support alcohol initiation, while a lack of habit system specialization may contribute to continued alcohol use, with potential implications for the timing of interventions aimed at limiting at-risk drinking.
216h agoSpeech perception has been hypothesized to exploit neural activity that entrains to the rhythmic properties of the utterance. Perceptual sensitivity varies with the phase of oscillatory activity induced by speech, and with an external oscillatory perturbation induced by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the temporal lobe. Here we used a new form of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP), in which a low frequency perturbation is created by the amplitude modulation (AM) of a continuous high-frequency carrier signal (3.5 kHz). As a magnetic induction method, kTMP can produce much higher electrical fields at the cortical surface than tACS and reduces cutaneous co-stimulation. Human participants (n=40) listened to sequences of rhythmic speech while receiving kTMP with an AM component of 3.125 Hz. The phasic modulation of perceptual sensitivity was greater during AM-kTMP than during sham stimulation, suggesting that AM-kTMP entrains neural activity underlying speech perception. Participants' ratings of rhythmic sensations and other side effects did not differ between AM-kTMP and sham stimulation. Together with its reduced peripheral stimulation, our results highlight kTMP as a promising NIBS method for modulating frequency-specific brain dynamics in speech perception.
216h agoNeural activity is widely held to organize on low-dimensional structure embedded in a high-dimensional state space. Persistent homology reads such structure directly from the pattern of pairwise correlations, without assuming in advance which variables are relevant. We apply persistent homology to microelectrode-array (MEA) recordings of spontaneous activity from human (Lancaster) and mouse (Pac{s}ca) cortical organoids, spanning $26$--$234$ simultaneously sorted units, and ask whether topological data analysis resolves structure at the node counts that neural recordings actually deliver. Building weighted networks in correlation space and characterizing them by Vietoris--Rips filtration, we find that the first homology ($H_1$, loops) rises significantly above a rate- and population-preserving null in $14$ of $18$ datasets. This loop structure occupies a non-redundant core: it is robust to random removal of units yet disrupted by targeted removal of the units that carry it. Topological richness grows with network size, and second homology ($H_2$) emerges significantly above the null only in the larger networks. These results show that persistent homology resolves structured topology in neural recordings at the scale experiments actually deliver.
216h agoOne of the defining features of neurons is their compartmentalisation into soma, dendrites and axon. Axons are highly specialised for the transmission of signals over long distances but also exhibit unique vulnerabilities in the context of neurodegeneration, implying a specialised axonal proteome. However, in-depth proteomic characterisation of axons has been limited by the difficulty of isolating pure axonal material in sufficient quantities for conventional mass spectrometry analysis. Here, we combine microfluidic-based axon-soma separation with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) on an Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer for deep profiling of compartment-resolved proteomes of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. We quantify over 9,000 proteins in the somatodendritic compartment and ~6,000 proteins in the axonal compartment, to our knowledge, representing the deepest human axonal proteome reported to date. Differential abundance analysis identifies 1,250 axon-enriched proteins with strong enrichment of axon-related pathways including vesicle-mediated transport, synaptic vesicle dynamics, and cytoskeletal organisation. Extending this workflow to iPSC-derived lower motor neurons, we reveal a core set of 417 axon-enriched proteins shared between cortical and lower motor neurons, alongside subtype-specific axonal signatures whose functional differences become evident only through compartment-restricted analysis. We show broad coverage of genes for the neurodegenerative diseases hereditary spastic paraplegia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, establishing a quantitative reference for interpreting how disease-linked mutations may differentially affect axonal versus somatodendritic proteostasis. This workflow and resource are readily applicable to other neuronal subtypes and disease models, paving the way for studying axonal proteome dynamics in health and disease.
216h agoFunctional-connectivity analyses often treat signals sampled from nearby cortical positions as interchangeable, despite anatomical and hemodynamic transitions at the gray-white boundary. We tested whether sampling position constitutes a state-sensitive dimension of macroscale functional organization. In 176 Human Connectome Project young adults with four 7 T resting-state and four movie-watching runs, BOLD time series were sampled from subject-specific midthickness and gray-white-boundary surfaces, summarized across 400 cortical parcels, and embedded in a common functional-gradient space. Movie viewing reduced principal-gradient separation between surfaces, but this effect was spatially heterogeneous: Visual, Limbic and Default networks converged, whereas Salience/ventral-attention cortex differentiated. Shapley decomposition and counterfactual analyses showed that the state change reflected coordinated reconfiguration of both surface representations rather than one surface approaching the other. Changes in the original connectivity profiles tracked gradient changes, indicating that the result was not solely introduced by embedding. Both surfaces also exhibited stimulus-locked intersubject functional connectivity during movies. However, stimulus-shared separation captured only part of movie-state organization and did not explain the movie-minus-rest change. Finally, in 172 matched participants, resting-state separation maps generalized from 7 T to 3 T, whereas absolute magnitude and cross-field individual ranking were less stable. These findings establish cortical sampling position as an interpretable measurement dimension of functional-connectivity geometry. Its spatial organization is reproducible across acquisitions, but its magnitude and state dependence vary, emphasizing that where BOLD signals are sampled relative to the cortical boundary can shape conclusions about macroscale brain organization.
216h agoLarge-scale functional MRI datasets provide resources to understand inter-individual variation in human brain function and relate this variation to behaviour and health. However, most existing approaches fail to bridge the gap between population-average and individual-specific modelling, limiting the identification of structured subgroup heterogeneity across individuals. Here we develop a scalable framework for unsupervised subgroup discovery in population-scale resting-state fMRI data from 19,993 UK Biobank participants. Using stochastic Probabilistic Functional Modes, we estimate population-informed individualised spatial topographies of resting-state networks and derive high-dimensional functional fingerprints for each participant. We then identify latent subgroups by applying Gaussian mixture modelling independently to each fingerprint feature, yielding hundreds of reproducible subgroup definitions across 1,000 functional dimensions. We report approximately 5,700 significant differences between subgroups in a range of non-imaging phenotypes related to cognition, lifestyle, physical and mental health. Spatial organisation of the brain networks reveals distinct subgroup differences in sensory-motor and higher-order cognitive systems, in addition to correspondence with regional patterns of genetic variability across the brain. Together, these results demonstrate that large-scale functional neuroimaging contains rich latent subgroup structure linked to behavioural and biological variation. Our framework provides an interpretable and scalable basis for stratified models of human brain function and population neuroscience.
216h agoLearning to read a second language requires the brain to incorporate a new writing system into an already established native-language reading network, yet how this process reshapes the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) remains poorly understood. Using fMRI with a passive viewing paradigm, we systematically investigated how VWFA responses to Chinese (L1) and English (L2) words evolved across three groups of native Mandarin-speaking children at distinct stages of L2 literacy acquisition: L2 pre-readers, L2 beginning readers, and L2 advanced readers. We combined univariate activation analyses, representational similarity analysis, and supervised machine learning classification to investigate two theoretical accounts of VWFA reorganization: the Overlay Model, which predicts stable L1 responses as L2 responses emerge, and the Competing Model, which predicts competitive reallocation of neural resources from L1 to L2. We found that although the VWFA already exhibited robust selective responses to L1 words, L2-word selectivity was absent in L2 pre-readers but emerged robustly in beginning readers, with L1-word selectivity remaining stable throughout. Representational similarity analysis further revealed that robust L2 word representations within the VWFA emerged only after children began learning to read L2, while L1 word representations remained stable across all three groups. Finally, supervised machine learning analyses successfully discriminated among the three L2 literacy groups on the basis of L2 but not L1 activation patterns, indicating that VWFA responses to L2 alone were sufficient to capture children's stages of L2 literacy acquisition, whereas responses to L1 were insensitive to L2 learning experience, providing no support for the Competing Model's prediction of competitive neural reallocation away from L1. Together, these findings support the Overlay Model, demonstrating that the VWFA incorporates a new writing system within its existing cortical resources without compromising L1 print processing.
216h agoEarly adversity is among the most potent environmental influences on the developing brain; yet whether it remodels the areal layout of cortical networks, and along which dimensions, is unknown. In a longitudinal sample of 4,525 youth aged 9-18, we derived individualized cortical parcellations and related the topography of 15 networks to 10 data-driven dimensions of adversity. Greater exposure to threat, but not deprivation or unpredictability, predicted dose-dependent expansion of the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN), an effect nearly seven times larger than for any other network. The SCAN expanded toward the sensorimotor pole, encroached on neighbors, and shifted functional connectivity toward sensorimotor and away from control systems. Expansion mediated the association between threat and poorer cognition, replicating across waves, within children, and out-of-sample. Rather than diffusing across many systems, the imprint of adversity on the developing cortex converges on the territory of a single integrative network that couples brain to body.
216h agoCoordinated oscillatory activity between brain regions underpins cognition, yet the phase relationships governing this coordination remain poorly understood. Using scalp EEG from 31 participants performing a motor learning task, we show that inter-site phase clustering occurs predominantly at in-phase or antiphase relationships, with the transition between them governed by conduction delay. Homologous interhemispheric pairs remain in-phase despite long distances, consistent with faster callosal conduction. A minimal model of two delay-coupled excitatory populations reproduces these features without parameter tuning; stability analysis shows that in-phase and antiphase oscillations arise from competing instabilities, with delay determining which dominates. Task performance shifts a frontoparietal network toward in-phase connectivity, a modulation captured by the Phase Relationship Index (PRI) but missed by conventional clustering metrics. Preliminary evidence from independent datasets suggests these patterns generalise. These findings challenge the assumption that zero-lag connectivity reflects volume conduction, offer a mechanistic account linking conduction delay to phase organisation, and introduce PRI as a metric sensitive to functionally relevant connectivity changes invisible to existing measures.
216h agoTactile hypersensitivity is a common symptom of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) characterized by over-responsiveness to innocuous touch or textures. Yet, the neural circuitry underlying this altered sensory processing remains incompletely understood. Previous studies have focused on cortical and peripheral neuron dysfunction. However, the spinal dorsal horn circuits, which make up the first central site of somatosensory integration, also comprises elements that could contribute to the hypersensitivity to innocuous stimuli, yet its involvement in this pathology has remained incompletely understood. Here, we show that spinal parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PVNs), an inhibitory population that gates touch sensory input from activating nociceptive pathways, are dysfunctional in FXS. Using a mouse model of FXS (global Fmr1 knockout; gKO), we showed that dorsal horn PVNs exhibit impaired function characterized by reduced PV expression and inability to sustain tonic firing. To determine whether these deficits arise through cell-intrinsic mechanisms, we selectively deleted Fmr1in PVNs. This deletion failed to reproduce the molecular and electrophysiological changes observed in the gKO mice. In contrast, astrocyte-specific deletion of Fmr1recapitulated key features of the gKO mice, including decreased PV expression and firing. To understand the biophysical basis of this firing deficit, we simulated spinal PVNs using conductance-based Hodgkin-Huxley type modelling. Surprisingly, modifying intrinsic membrane conductances alone was insufficient to account for the experimental data. In fact, PVN firing required incorporation of an additional calcium-dependent extrinsic synaptic component consistent with the experimental finding that astrocytic, but not PVN-specific, loss of FMRP reproduced the PVN phenotype in gKO mice. Together, these findings show that these deficits in spinal PVNs arise primarily from loss of FMRP in astrocytes rather than in PVNs themselves. It reveals astrocyte-dependent dysfunction of dorsal horn inhibitory circuits as a previously uncharacterized consequence of FXS.
216h agoThe organization of proprioceptive cortex emerges from experience-dependent patterns of limb use during development, rather than merely reflecting peripheral innervation. However, the degree and specifics of these developmental changes remain poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated how early environmental enrichment (EE) reshapes the topography and functional properties of the mouse forelimb proprioceptive cortex. Using wide-field calcium imaging, we found that EE did not induce major reorganization of the mesoscale activation map. To resolve cellular level topology, we developed a large-field fluorescence macroscope enabling unbiased single neuron imaging across the entire activation area. We identified a topographically organized preference in directional tuning in which somatosensory and motor regions of the map encode distinct movement axes within the peripersonal space. Developmental enrichment reshaped this anisotropic representation at the cellular level. Rather than reducing the directional bias by homogenizing tuning across movement directions, EE strengthened the anisotropy by sharpening its topographic segregation and concentrating neuronal tuning around a common peripersonal axis. Our findings therefore reveal that enriched limb use and sensorimotor exploration reinforce an ecologically relevant specialization of the mouse proprioceptive cortex for movements directed toward the body.
220h agoEstrogens, commonly known for their role in sexual development and maturation, support a wide variety of brain functions, including cognition, neuroprotection, and sensory processing. For example, in a songbird auditory forebrain region, caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), neuroestrogens are elevated in response to conspecific vocal and social stimuli; in turn, elevated neuroestrogens in NCM are known to rapidly enhance auditory processing independent of sex. Despite the pivotal role of neuroestrogens for brain function, it remains largely unknown whether aromatase (neuroestrogen-synthesizing) neurons differ in their cellular and physiological properties from non-aromatase-expressing neurons, as might be expected from specializations seen in other steroidogenic cell types (e.g., adrenal cells). Therefore, we systematically profiled aromatase and nonaromatase expressing NCM neurons to determine how they might differ in synaptic and current input properties, using ex vivo whole-cell electrophysiology followed by immunohistochemistry to reveal aromatase expression. Current-clamp recordings revealed no differences between aromatase and nonaromatase neurons, aside from a modest divergence in the time to reach peak membrane afterhyperpolarization. Similarly, voltage-clamp recordings of post-synaptic currents revealed no significant differences between the two cell types, suggesting that they share similar synaptic input density. Therefore, aromatase and nonaromatase NCM neurons share similar intrinsic membrane properties (e.g. excitability) and synaptic input dynamics in the higher songbird pallium. Our findings leave open the possibility that diverging computational and/or modulatory roles for aromatase vs. non-aromatase neurons could be due to projection- or neurochemical-specificity in their afferents and efferents.
220h agoTaste perception is a major determinant of food intake and is dynamically modulated by hunger and satiety signals across species. While the peripheral and cortical representations of taste sensory stimuli are well characterized, far less is known about how metabolic state shapes taste processing in subcortical structures such as the brainstem. The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNTS) is the first central relay for gustatory input, yet how fasting remodels transcriptional programs in rNTS neurons remains poorly defined. To address this gap, we performed cell-type-specific bulk nuclear RNA sequencing of molecularly defined excitatory (Vglut2) and inhibitory (Vgat) rNTS neurons. We combined Cre-dependent Sun1-sfGFP nuclear tagging with fluorescence-activated nuclear sorting to profile each population in ad libitum-fed and 24-hour fasted mice. The two populations were transcriptionally distinct and differed in their baseline complement of hunger- and metabolic-sensing genes. Fasting elicited a transcriptional response that was largely restricted to excitatory, Vglut2; rNTS neurons, while the inhibitory population was minimally affected. In excitatory neurons, fasting reduced the expression of Gabrd, the & subunit of the GABAA receptor that mediates extrasynaptic tonic inhibition, while leaving synaptic GABAA subunits and the glutamatergic or GABAergic neurotransmission machinery unchanged. RNAscope in situ hybridization confirmed Gabrd expression in Vglut2; rNTS neurons and showed that Gabrd is also expressed in the non-Vglut2 population; the cell-type specificity of the fasting response, therefore, reflects differential regulation of a shared gene rather than its restricted expression. Our results identify a cell-type-specific, state-dependent transcriptional signature in which fasting downregulates a mediator of tonic GABAergic inhibition in excitatory rNTS neurons, providing a candidate substrate for the metabolic modulation of taste processing within the brainstem.
220h agoSingle-photon miniscopes enable large-scale calcium imaging in freely behaving animals but are limited by out-of-focus background fluorescence that degrades image contrast and single-cell signal fidelity. Multiphoton approaches address this limitation but remain costly and complex. Here we introduce a lightweight (<3 g), low-cost structured illumination miniscope that achieves optical sectioning in freely behaving mice. Using HiLo imaging implemented with a simple Ronchi grating and time-multiplexed excitation, the system strongly suppresses background fluorescence while preserving the speed, field of view, and accessibility of widefield miniscopes, and supports optical-sectioned multi-plane imaging to increase neuronal yield. Using hippocampal recordings, we show enhanced region-of-interest (ROI)-based signal quality and spatial information readout, allowing simple ROI-averaged signals to approach the performance of offline algorithm-extracted signals. We further demonstrate a proof-of-principle closed-loop brain--machine interface enabled by rapid online signal extraction and real-time neural decoding. Together, these results establish structured illumination as a practical and accessible strategy for achieving high-contrast calcium imaging with miniaturized microscopes.
220h agoIntercellular propagation of pathological TDP-43 drives the progression of ALS and FTD, yet the mechanisms enabling transmission remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (ARC/Arg3.1) is pathologically subverted to act as a retroviral-like capsid vehicle for TDP-43 spreading. In a Drosophila model, we reveal that massive Arc1 upregulation drives glia-to-neuron TDP-43 seeding, while its genetic ablation halts pathological transfer, improves motor function, and extends survival. In parallel human cellular models, stress-induced ARC colocalizes with TDP-43 to orchestrate its intercellular transmission. Guided by ARC capsid architecture, we reproposed Lenacapavir, an FDA-approved HIV-1 capsid modulator, as a stable binder of ARC-Arg3.1 capsid interfaces. Lenacapavir treatment effectively blocks TDP-43 propagation in vitro and rescues disease phenotypes in vivo. Our findings establish ARC as a conserved vehicle for pathological protein transmission and deliver an immediately translatable pharmacological strategy to arrest disease progression in ALS and FTD.
220h agoBackground Hydrocephalus is characterized by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to disrupted secretion, circulation, or reabsorption. CSF homeostasis is regulated by ion and water channels on choroid plexus epithelial (CPe) cells, including the mechanosensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). Although TRPV4 antagonism prevents hydrocephalus progression in rats, how TRPV4 activity modulates CSF production remains unclear. Methods Because TRPV4 function is phosphorylation-dependent, we examined its activation (GSK1016790A) and inhibition (RN1734) and the downstream signaling alterations in human choroid plexus papilloma cells (HIBCPP) using phosphoproteomic mass spectrometry . Results Our phosphoproteomic analysis revealed significant changes in kinases and tight junction (TJ) proteins regulating epithelial barrier integrity. TRPV4 activation altered TJ proteins such as Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), and Claudin-7 (CLDN7) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylation, with a notable foldchange increase of AMPK inhibitory phospho form (Ser496). Further our electrophysiological and biochemical analyses demonstrated that AMPK activation followed by TRPV4 stimulation increased AMPK Ser496 phosphorylation, and epithelial permeability was subsequently elevated, although it was statistically not significant. In contrast, AMPK inhibition prior to TRPV4 activation resulted in the opposite effect with substantial epithelial barrier tightness which was evident from the ZO-1 expression. Moreover, a pharmacologically available anti-diabetic drug, metformin exhibited a similar trend like Compound C in reducing the barrier epithelial permeability after TRPV4 agonist treatment, highlighting that metformin promotes barrier tightness via an AMPK-dependent pathway coupled to TRPV4 signaling. Conclusions Overall, these findings identify an AMPK-TRPV4 signaling axis that modulates epithelial permeability and may influence CSF regulation, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for hydrocephalus.
220h agoPrior experience shapes both visual perception and its underlying neural circuits. This is exemplified by the oblique effect - a strong perceptual advantage for cardinal (horizontal/vertical) over oblique orientations - which reflects how the brain adapts to statistical regularities in the natural environment. It remains unclear whether such adaptations are generalised across visual cortex or are specific to circuits supporting different perceptual judgements. To investigate, we examined human performance in contrast detection and orientation discrimination, using identical stimuli for a range of spatial frequencies, paired with a biologically-inspired model of visual orientation processing. Behaviourally, a robust oblique effect emerged for orientation discrimination but was found only at higher frequencies for contrast detection. The model explained detection changes via an increased pooled response from cardinal-tuned neurons alongside spatial frequency-dependent narrowing of orientation bandwidths, consistent with known properties of cortical V1 neurons. However, the discrimination oblique effect required a different constraint, narrower orientation tuning for cardinal versus oblique neurons. No single model captured both effects simultaneously, suggesting that the oblique effect results from task-specific mechanisms. More broadly, these findings demonstrate how, rather than relying on a fixed strategy, the brain employs flexible computational strategies to optimise sensory encoding for specific tasks.
248h agoWorking memory is a fundamental process that underlies cognition. Accordingly, the neural mechanisms that support working memory performance are of great interest in cognitive neuroscience. We present a publicly accessible dataset comprising 123 healthy adults (mean age = 28.58 years, SD = 7.56; age range = 18-46 years; 75 females) to facilitate investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying working memory performance in humans. Across two days of assessment, participants underwent a battery of cognitive tasks assessing working memory and other cognitive domains (day 1), followed by 62-channel EEG recordings (day 2). EEG data were acquired at rest, during a visual working memory task, and following single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-EEG) targeting key brain regions involved in working memory. This article provides a detailed overview of the study design, methodology, and data characteristics.
248h agoFear conditioning is widely used to assess associative memory in mice, yet percent freezing conflates memory with baseline locomotor and anxiety-related traits. A systematic survey of recent studies (2020-2025) found that fewer than 1% statistically integrate locomotor activity into freezing analyses. Here, we address this gap using a large-scale dataset of >10,000 mice across >160 comparisons, including genetic mutations, pharmacological interventions and aging, tested in 15 standardized behavioral paradigms. Conventional freezing scores covaried strongly with general locomotor activity, obscuring memory-related phenotypes. Multiple factor analysis identified two principal behavioral dimensions, locomotor activity and learning/memory: conventional freezing aligned with the locomotor dimension, whereas freezing subtraction and the activity suppression ratio mapped onto the memory dimension and improved detection of synaptic plasticity phenotypes. These analyses show that baseline locomotor normalization is essential for interpreting fear conditioning as a memory assay and provide an open framework for selecting and reporting locomotor-normalized metrics.
248h agoAquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels are polarized to astrocytic endfeet at blood vessel interfaces, and lose polarity in vascular diseases, including stroke, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. AQP4 modulates water influx and efflux in the interstitial fluid, yet how AQP4 localization impacts cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains poorly understood. Here, we show that astrocytic end feet and AQP4 are displaced from amyloid-bearing vessels in a prion-CAA mouse model that expresses GPI-anchorless PrPC. Displacing AQP4 genetically through deleting alpha-syntrophin (Snta1-/-) led to a marked prolongation in survival, together with reduced microglial inflammation and C1q, in prion-CAA-affected mice. Additionally, synaptic structural proteins were better maintained. Finally, the level and distribution of prion aggregates were similar among the mice, indicating that prion conversion and spread were not affected. These results suggest that reducing AQP4 water channel function slows the decline in a vascular amyloid disease by reducing neuroinflammation.
248h agoHuman visual cortex contains regions that selectively respond to both scenes and large objects, particularly buildings. The cortical overlap between buildings and scenes has been attributed to shared visual features (e.g., cardinal orientations, rectilinearity). Alternative accounts propose that buildings may also activate scene representations indirectly, independently of specific visual features, for example because buildings evoke a sense of space. Here, we tested for such feature-independent activation by comparing EEG and fMRI responses in human participants (both sexes) to buildings and visually-matched boxes, and relating these responses to scene-selective responses. Buildings and boxes were matched, across exemplars, using image-based metrics, deep neural networks, and a perceptual similarity task. Time-resolved EEG decoding showed that buildings and boxes evoked discriminable responses from 360ms post-stimulus onset, incompatible with feedforward visual feature processing. Importantly, the building-box classifier generalized to discriminate scenes from chairs, providing EEG evidence for a representational overlap between buildings and scenes. Temporal generalization analyses further showed that the late building-selective response corresponded to an earlier scene-selective response, with a temporal offset of ~130ms. Finally, ultra-fast fMRI (TR=140ms) revealed that these findings were mirrored in the response of the scene-selective parahippocampal place area (PPA), which similarly showed a feature-independent building-selective response that was delayed and prolonged relative to the scene-selective response. These results clarify the nature of building selectivity in visual cortex by showing that this selectivity can arise independently of visual features, putatively reflecting associative processes between buildings and scenes (or space).
252h agoUnderlying the very notion of choice is the fundamental idea of free-will, which is challenged by decision-neuroscience aiming to explain and predict choices using interactions of neurons. The question of whether any choice is truly a free-choice and born out of free-will has long been a subject of philosophical debate. In this work, we do not take a position on this debate, rather investigating the subjective experience of free-will, whose existence is more universally accepted. We had healthy participants report the level of their experienced free-will while performing value-based risky decision-making task to find the neural and behavioral correlates of this experience. We identified regions in mid-cingulum and middle frontal gyrus showing positive association with self-reported free-will as well as a region in hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus showing a negative association. The requirement to report the experience of free-will was associated with a higher BOLD signal in striatum during decision-making. Behaviorally, we found a positive trend between RT and free-will. While our sample size is small, these results help forming hypotheses for further studies with larger cohorts and provide a proof-of-concept for the investigations of neural and behavioral mechanisms of the subjective experience of free-will in decision research.
256h agoNatural audiovisual perception may not be fully captured by decomposing movies into auditory and visual streams. I introduce a computational-counterfactual framework that keeps movie viewing intact while varying only AI-derived descriptions of the same clips. Using 7 Tesla movie fMRI imaging data from 176 participants, I tested whether cortical responses were better predicted by native audiovisual semantics than by a dimension-matched additive reconstruction from audio-only and video-only descriptions. The native model outperformed the matched additive baseline under content-aware purged cross-validation, with strongest gains in auditory, visual, and dorsal attention systems. Representational-similarity, feature-replacement, and content-gating analyses showed that the advantage reflected feature- and network-specific routing linked to coherent audiovisual semantic emergence rather than raw auditory-visual discrepancy. The effect survived stronger temporal purging and repeat-content exclusion, suggesting that intact movie viewing evokes cortical structure aligned with native audiovisual meaning beyond additive unimodal semantics.
256h agoCells in the brain have complex structures with extended processes. This complex morphology supports diverse specialized functions in health and disease, and specifically, cell processes appear to be critical for cellular integration and signalling. Here, we developed a new spatial averaging framework to recover and interrogate molecular phenotypes of glial processes in spatial transcriptomics (ST) data. We characterised cell type specific signatures associated with processes of astrocytes and microglia in both mouse and human brain tissue. Astrocytic processes were enriched for transcripts related to neuronal support relative to their soma, while microglial processes preferentially expressed genes liked to specific microglial states. When investigated in tissue from brains with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology, we found that local amyloid-beta pathology was associated with subcellular differences in transcriptomes in both an amyloid-beta mouse model and human AD patient tissue. Specifically, astrocytic and microglial processes oriented towards amyloid-beta plaques exhibited distinct molecular changes in comparison to processes extending away into plaque free areas, suggesting polarized glial responses to pathology. Our work thus outlines a general method for the selective characterisation of transcriptomics of glial processes in mouse and human ST data and provides evidence for differential transcriptomic responses between the soma and processes of glia in health and disease.
256h agoMale Drosophila courtship includes two communication signals: airborne song and substrate-borne vibrations. While the neural control of song has been extensively characterized, little is known about the circuits underlying vibration production. Here, we identify neurons expressing the Hox gene abdominal-B (abdB) as a driver of vibration production. Optogenetic activation of abdB neurons selectively elicited vibrations in both males and females without inducing courtship song, whereas silencing these neurons did not impair vibration production during natural courtship. The vibration-driving abdB neurons are neither doublesex- nor fruitless-positive, defining a previously unrecognized component of the courtship circuit. Although abdB activation produced only stimulus-locked vibrations, co-activation of the persistence-promoting neuron cluster pCd converted this transient signal output into sustained vibration trains. Together, our results identify a dedicated pathway for vibration production and show that signal identity and persistence can be independently specified by distinct circuit components.
256h agoNoise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a leading cause of permanent hearing impairment worldwide, yet no pharmacological therapies are currently available to prevent or treat this disorder. Although inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to cochlear degeneration, the therapeutic potential of targeting early inflammatory signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we combined phenotypic screening in zebrafish with mechanistic and functional validation in complementary mouse models to identify quinoxaline derivatives with otoprotective activity following acoustic trauma. Lead compounds preserved cochlear synapses and auditory function after moderate noise exposure, while one derivative also protected sensory hair cells in a model of permanent hearing loss. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that this protection was associated with attenuation of early NF-{kappa}B signaling and modulation of the cochlear inflammatory response toward a reparative state, consistent with suppression of pathogenic innate immune activation before irreversible tissue damage occurred. Together, these findings identify early NF-{kappa}B-dependent inflammatory signaling as a therapeutically actionable mechanism in NIHL and establish quinoxaline derivatives as promising candidates for pharmacological intervention. More broadly, this work demonstrates the utility of a cross-species discovery platform for identifying therapies that preserve sensory function by targeting early inflammatory pathways.
256h agoMental imagery is viewed as a fundamental component of human cognition, supporting memory, emotional processing, future simulation, and conscious experience. Although mental imagery vividness has traditionally been attributed to differences in sensory processing, emerging evidence suggests that internally generated images are also shaped by ongoing bodily and interoceptive signals. Here, we investigated whether cardiovascular physiology contributes to individual differences in mental imagery vividness using a virtual reality paradigm in which participants encoded and reconstructed emotional and neutral scenes during a tilt-table-induced autonomic challenge. Acute autonomic changes induced by a tilt table did not alter imagery vividness. However, elevated diastolic blood pressure during the tilt-up condition predicted reduced mental imagery vividness, with the strongest effects observed for disgust and neutral imagery. Our findings provide direct evidence that the vividness of the mind eye is linked to cardiovascular physiology and support interoceptive accounts of consciousness in which mental imagery emerges from dynamic interactions between neural and bodily systems. More broadly, these results identify cardiovascular function as a potential physiological contributor to altered imagery experiences, including those observed in aphantasia and related clinical conditions.
256h agoReliable in vitro evaluation of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) toxicity is essential for the development of anti-amyloid therapeutics, yet experimental workflows often lack standardization. In our previous work, we established a reproducible protocol for the synthesis, characterization and controlled aggregation of highly pure A{beta}1-42. Here, we address the biological component of this variability by evaluating the impact of neuronal differentiation and toxicity assays on A{beta}-induced neurotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated using retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, generating a neuron-like phenotype validated by immunofluorescence, gene expression profiling and resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Using this characterized model, we investigated the effects of non-aggregated and pre-aggregated A{beta}1-42 species on cell viability and transcriptional responses. Strikingly, A{beta} toxicity was highly dependent on the aggregation state of the peptide, the differentiation status of the target cells and the viability assay employed. Our results suggest that the lack of standardization in peptide quality, aggregation procedures, neuronal maturation and toxicity assessment represents a major source of variability in the amyloid field. Together, these findings provide a methodological framework to improve the reproducibility and translational relevance of in vitro screening strategies for anti-amyloid therapeutics.
256h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an established treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), yet variability in treatment response remains a significant challenge. Network control theory provides a framework to quantify how brain networks facilitate state transitions, but prior work has focused primarily on node level metrics. Here, we investigate whether edge based controllability of the structural connectome is associated with rTMS outcomes. Twenty five patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent diffusion MRI prior to a 5 week course of high frequency rTMS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Structural connectomes were constructed using MRtrix3 and the Destrieux atlas, and edge based controllability metrics were computed at baseline. Controllability of specific middle frontal gyrus centered edges showed significant associations with changes in HAMD-24 scores, including connections to the superior frontal gyrus, hippocampus, angular gyrus, and orbital gyrus (r = 0.470 - 0.597, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that edge based controllability captures circuit level properties relevant to treatment response and may inform personalized neuromodulation strategies.
256h agoSensorimotor learning is associated with the modulation of neural rhythms in the primary motor cortex (M1). Beta-band activity ("beta"; 15-30 Hz) is suppressed during learning, while delta oscillations (1-4 Hz) become increasingly correlated with movement kinematics as skill improves. These observations have been complemented by experimental manipulations designed to perturb oscillatory activity with externally applied electric fields (E-fields). In non-human primates, invasive beta stimulation has been shown to disrupt motor learning whereas delta stimulation enhanced motor recovery in a stroke model. Causal evidence in humans remains limited, partly because established non-invasive methods cannot achieve continuous, narrowband E-fields at sufficient amplitude in the brain. To address this gap, we employed kilohertz transcranial magnetic perturbation (kTMP), a non-invasive magnetic induction technique that delivers continuous narrowband kilohertz E-fields which can be amplitude-modulated (AM) to target cortical rhythms. We applied AM-kTMP to test the functional relevance of beta and delta activity in human motor learning. In a double-blind mixed design, 40 participants performed a force-control task while receiving AM-kTMP at E-field amplitudes of 8 V/m in M1. We targeted either beta or delta, each paired with a sham condition. AM-kTMP influenced motor performance in a frequency-dependent manner: Beta-kTMP suppressed performance gains relative to both delta-kTMP and sham, whereas delta-kTMP showed no effect. These results suggest that increased beta activity in human M1 can interfere with motor learning. More broadly, kTMP offers a novel approach to probe frequency-specific cortical dynamics.
256h agoThe heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), a cortical response to heartbeats and a neural marker of interoception, is increasingly considered clinically relevant, but is heavily contaminated by cardiac artefact (CA) on the scalp, making reliable distinction of HEP from CA challenging. Because the HEP and cardiac potentials are anatomically distinct, they may be separable via beamforming, a source localisation method that isolates brain activity at specific locations while suppressing external noise and interference. Here, the first known ground-truth validation of EEG beamforming for HEP source reconstruction was attempted, aiming to quantify source waveform recovery and spatial localisation accuracy using simulated EEG data. Using linearly constrained minimal variance (LCMV) beamforming, the following was investigated. (A) To test whether beamforming can recover a known signal, 128-channel EEG datasets were simulated for 3 models with a known HEP waveform: a single right insula (R-Ins) HEP (1), two temporally distinct HEPs in the R-Ins and right anterior cingulate cortex (R-ACC) (2), and two temporally overlapping HEPs in the same regions (3). Recovery was investigated by correlating the virtual electrode waveforms at the true location with the known true input waveform. (B) To test CA suppression, CA extracted from isoelectric EEG of brain-dead individuals providing CA with limited cortical activity, was integrated into the simulated EEG data. Source (-10 to -50dB) and sensor (0 to -30dB) signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were systematically varied for each model with and without CA. (C) LCMV beamforming was then applied to retrospective empirical EEG data from hypertensive and anxiety individuals (n=106). Across simulations and empirical data, T-tests compared power in a HEP-dominated window to an earlier CA-dominated window. Null-space projection, using subject-specific QRS waveform and its temporal derivative, was applied to remove residual CA in reconstructed source waveforms. In model 1, beamforming achieved near-perfect recovery without CA (r>0.99, 0mm error) at source SNR of -30dB, remaining robust in the presence of CA (r=0.72-0.94, 0-5.7mm error). Recovery degraded at low SNR (<-20 dB; r<0.3, up to 27mm error). Models 2 and 3 showed similar patterns but introduced R-ACC to R-Ins leakage. Applied to empirical data, beamforming revealed significant HEP activity in the R-Ins and R-ACC across all pooled data in source space (p < 0.001). LCMV beamforming also revealed a significant HEP difference in the late R-ACC window (250-500 ms post R-peak) in hypertension versus controls (p = 0.040, d = 0.92) when poor SNR subjects were excluded. This effect strengthened after QRS cleaning (p = 0.035, d = 0.96). LCMV beamforming can reliably recover the simulated HEP while suppressing CA, provided source SNR is sufficiently high. Applied to empirical data, LCMV beamforming recovered HEP activity from interoceptive regions (R-Ins and R-ACC) and was sufficiently sensitive to detect clinically meaningful group differences. This study offers a source level approach to separate HEP activity from CA, a distinction that sensor-level analysis can struggle to make. Together, LCMV beamforming and scalp-based methods can provide converging evidence for genuine HEP activity.
256h agoPositive overgeneralization -- the tendency to generalize from specific successes to broad expectations of future reward -- has been linked to vulnerability to mania. Because positive overgeneralization has primarily been assessed using self-report measures, we have limited insight into the underlying cognitive process. Here, we introduce a behavioral paradigm designed to quantify how learned value generalizes to novel stimuli. We quantify individual generalization profiles by fitting psychometric functions to choice data. In an online transdiagnostic study (N=163), we show that task-based breadth of reward generalization is associated with both higher self-reported positive overgeneralization and subclinical bipolar symptoms. To provide a computational account of positive overgeneralization, we implement a reinforcement-learning model in which self-efficacy modulates the influence of anticipated future value during learning. We show that increasing this modulation reproduces the broader value propagation observed empirically. Together, these findings provide a behavioral and computational framework for studying positive overgeneralization, and suggest a mechanistic pathway by which success-related shifts in value representations may bias learning in ways relevant to bipolar risk.
256h agoOxytocin-mediated milk ejection (ME) is pivotal to effective breastfeeding and productive health, yet behaviorally decoding and revealing neural mechanisms of ME remains challenging. Here, we combined in vivo calcium imaging and intramammary pressure recording to uncover the temporal connections between episodic activity of oxytocin neurons and ME in conscious lactating rats. Leveraging the association and behavioral responses in dam and pup, we developed a supervised machine learning framework (ME Decoder) to enable automated analyses of ME. Inspired by its interpretable features, we defined the activity-coupled dam-pup interactions (ADPI), manifested by high kyphosis of the dam followed by pup treading and stretch, as the behavioral signatures of ME. By ME Decoder and ADPI analyses, we detected reduced ME but unaffected activity of oxytocinergic neurons after systemic blockade of oxytocin receptor. Our study uncovers the oxytocinergic and behavioral signatures of ME and provides a generalizable approach for further investigation.
256h agoThe 40Hz auditory steady-state response increases with age in typical individuals, but this developmental trajectory is absent in people with autism without intellectual disability.
260h agoSemantic processing during language comprehension is linked to the N400 brain response and neural decoding of semantic information, with words in unrelated contexts eliciting higher N400 responses and being better decodable.
260h agoMusical reward sensitivity declines with age and is linked to white matter integrity in the hippocampal-limbic pathways, particularly in the bilateral hippocampal cingulum and external capsule in older adults.
260h agofNIRS can detect changes in brain activation during reading tasks at the group level, but its reliability is poor for interpreting individual-level data.
260h agoThe angular gyrus, especially its posterior part, is active when people recall detailed memories, and different parts of it are involved in recalling specific and general memories.
260h agoHuman astrocytes play a different role in neurodevelopment than non-human primate astrocytes, promoting synaptogenesis and dendritic arborization.
260h agoA consolidated transcriptomic atlas of human brain development from birth to adulthood covering 2.2 million cells reveals dynamic gene programs predictive of cell-type maturation and provides a standardized reference for future comparisons.
260h agoCognitive map updating involves interactions between the hippocampus and the cortex that integrate new information while keeping prior relationships intact.
260h agoGenetic markers associated with brain volume in specific regions, such as the amygdala and thalamus, show localized effects, while markers for brainstem volume have widespread effects throughout the brain.
260h agoBroadband and high gamma power consistently correlate with excitation/inhibition balance, making them useful proxy measures.
260h agoExpecting AI-generated content lowers alpha brain activity and increases attention, and people's beliefs about AI-generated content shape how their brains process what they see.
260h agoDischarge-rate modulation is the primary way motor units prepare for rapid isometric force production, with the increase in discharge rate scaling with target force and being more pronounced in high-threshold motor units.
260h agoMobile calcium channels increase the reliability of neurotransmitter release, especially at high stimulation frequencies, by enabling the use of different release sites and reducing failed releases.
264h agoParkinson's disease is associated with a gut-brain signature linked to short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate and 3-indolepropionic acid, which are connected to the inflammatory gene IL1B.
264h agoThe serotonin system is organized into groups based on the functions of the brain areas it connects to, with different groups of serotonin neurons innervating distinct brain regions and producing different behavioral effects.
264h agoReceptive language in the brain is subserved by a network of discrete, focal, and uniquely language-selective areas.
264h agoMossy cell loss alters dentate gyrus structure and function, accelerates adult-born neuron maturation, but does not change granule cell activity or seizure susceptibility.
264h agoPost-encoding sleep facilitates the recovery of learned visual scenes from strongly degraded cues, and this benefit is linked to slow-wave amplitude during sleep.
264h agoSpeech processing difficulties caused by brief background disruptions are temporary, and the brain quickly returns to normal processing of the target speech after the disruptions end.
264h agoA specific pattern of cortical thickness in frontal lobe regions is linked to a faster rate of amyloid accumulation in people with subjective cognitive decline over the next five years.
264h agoA new Photo-Thermal bidirectional coupling Model (PTM) quantifies the interaction between tissue heating and light propagation, improving optical dose prediction in transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) by capturing the bidirectional photo-thermal coupling effect.
264h agoPeople who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease and later develop symptoms show reduced memory performance and altered brain activity in areas important for memory.
264h agoNeurexins perform distinct functions in different types of synapses, producing a range of effects from modest to massive impairments in synapse assembly and calcium transients.
268h agoMeditative expertise involves sustained attention, rapid recovery from distraction, and coordinated brain activity, which can be modeled using a computational framework that simulates four stages of focused-attention meditation.
276h agoHumans create new goals easily, and this ability can be given to artificial systems by using a subjective function, which is a higher-order goal defined within the system itself.
276h agoA modular state-space model represents human behavior as a perception-cognition-decision pipeline, linking sensory inputs to behavior through interpretable internal states connected to neuro-cognitive mechanisms.
276h agoThe study extends a symbolic partitioning approach to continuous chaotic flows by combining Koopman analysis with ordinal patterns, achieving effective partitioning and demonstrating its robustness through noise perturbation tests.
276h agoQuasiperiodicity has a stronger localization impact on eigenstates than Anderson disorder at the same localization length, but the scaling crossover is delayed to anomalously small localization lengths.
276h agoBayesian Basin Tracking (BBT) maps the global phase space of high-dimensional multistable dynamical systems using a fraction of the simulations required by conventional methods.
276h agoResource abundance promotes fair behaviour, while scarcity encourages spiteful behaviour, and the growth rate of a resource determines whether spite or fairness emerges in interactions over its use.
276h agoThe Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation in (1+3) dimension is integrable, as shown by its point symmetries and singularity analysis method.
276h agoA hybrid quantum-classical feedback protocol stabilizes long-lived regular trajectories in a superconducting quantum processor, revealing a quantum many-body mixed phase space.
276h agoInfectious diseases in predators prevent them from becoming extinct, but can cause oscillations in their population size, whereas diseases in apex predators can lead to their extinction and do not cause population oscillations.
276h agoMagnetic friction between two ferromagnetic chains increases the system's ability to order and slows down thermalization as the chains move past each other at a constant speed.
276h agoClustering-weighted multivariate multiscale sample entropy (CWMMSE) measures both individual complexity and population diversity in ensembles of trajectories, and it shows that population complexity should be measured rather than averaged.
276h agoLarge transient amplifications can occur in stable dynamics across various systems, and a new data-driven method called non-normal directional response inference can detect the underlying geometry of this phenomenon from multivariate time series data.
276h agoA minimal two-parameter model called DynaBase produces highly competitive zero-shot reconstructions of dynamical systems through a linear blend of the current state and nearest neighbor, with a much lower parameter load than other models.
276h agoA thermodynamic theory of voting describes the distribution of party votes in EU elections by tracing parallels between system energies and party vote fractions.
276h agoHysterons, which are bistable elements with distinct switching thresholds, can be created through a hydrodynamic route using a single elastic fiber in a microfluidic channel, generating hysteresis, avalanches, and memory through nonlinear elastohydrodynamic feedback.
276h agoBiological Turing patterns respond to external mechanical forces in a similar way as Turing patterns on fluctuating membranes.
276h agoThe periodically forced Duffing-Holmes oscillator supports antiperiodic solutions when its discrete symmetry is dynamically realized, which can be directly detected by an anti-recurrence plot.
276h agoDynamic mode decomposition can be extended to better extract transient activity from complex systems by introducing time-varying amplitudes for its modes.
276h agoInhibition enhances the stability of network dynamics in a model of neural network interactions that includes key biological features.
276h agoThe symmetry algebras associated with the N-body Calogero-Moser system and its maximally superintegrable discretization have a complete structure that reveals a nontrivial deformation of the continuous symmetry algebra.
276h agoThe star-triangle transformation reveals a duality analysis that estimates the critical bond dimension for the honeycomb lattice to be 2.634929344884 and for the triangular lattice to be 1.475661534848.
276h agoInhomogeneous random graphs converge to a two-parameter family of random graphs after repeated renormalisation transformations, with the scaling limit depending on the choice of connection functions and random weights.
276h agoCircuits with strong disorder can be compressed to smaller depths than those with weak disorder, allowing for more efficient quantum simulation on noisy devices.
276h agoShallow circuits cannot generate the entanglement needed to close the product-state gap in quantum $p$-spin glasses, requiring circuits to have a depth of $\Omega_p(\log n)$ to prepare an $n$-qubit state with near-optimum energy.
276h agoQuasiperiodicity has a stronger localization impact on eigenstates than Anderson disorder at the same localization length, but the scaling crossover is delayed to anomalously small localization lengths.
276h agoThe boson peak, a universal vibrational anomaly, is characterized in calcium silicate hydrate, with a frequency near 1 THz and an intensity that varies with Ca/Si ratio, indicating a structural crossover and providing a descriptor for intrinsic creep and thermal transport.
276h agoThe distribution of eccentricities in random regular graphs with N nodes of degree c follows a specific tail distribution, and the mean eccentricity is approximately equal to a formula involving logarithms of N and c.
276h agoSevenNet-Polar, an equivariant graph neural network framework, accurately predicts the Born effective charge tensor and other material properties, enabling fast simulations of materials under electric fields.
276h agoA moderate update constraint, larger Transformer width, and more determinant channels improve the optimization efficiency and expressive capacity of the neural quantum state, while larger Monte Carlo batches reduce sampling noise.
276h agoMachine-learning models can recover low-temperature Majorana features from high-temperature data, allowing for faster screening of devices.
276h agoDeep thermalisation on subsystems emerges due to projective measurements on their complement, but its onset is fundamentally bounded by measurement-induced entanglement teleportation between causally disconnected subregions.
276h agoInhibition enhances the stability of network dynamics in a model of neural network interactions that includes key biological features.
276h agoA two-parameter ensemble of Markov models captures critical slowing down and broken detailed balance, and finds that human brain dynamics operate near a critical locus, showing similar patterns in fMRI and EEG data.
276h agoThe Maximum Clique Problem review covers classical algorithms and recent developments in graph neural networks and quantum algorithms.
276h agoElectromagnetic waves in pair plasma experience Anderson self-localization due to random density fluctuations created by the waves themselves.
276h agoNew variants of non-Euclidean neural quantum states, including Poincare RNN and Lorentz RNN, outperform their Euclidean counterparts in simulating Heisenberg spin models.
276h agoThe nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) plays a critical role in learning to avoid certain odors associated with negative outcomes.
276h agoBrain stimulation responses vary depending on the target site and the brain's ongoing activity, and timing stimulation to low-activity periods or using joint stimulation of specific region pairs can reduce trial-to-trial variability.
276h agoRight lateral prefrontal regions play a key role in helping young children control interference, with greater activation in these areas linked to better accuracy in conflict situations.
276h agoUsing gender-inclusive language forms leads to more neutral representations of gender in the brain, even if processing is a bit harder.
276h agoThe cerebellar vascular network develops from a simple bilayer to a highly branched architecture between embryonic day 11 and birth, with the three main paired cerebellar arteries emerging sequentially and evolving in a coordinated manner with cerebellar neurogenesis.
280h agoFUS protein fails to properly regulate acetylcholine receptor transcription at neuromuscular junctions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
288h agoA specific brain circuit motif is selectively disrupted in absence epilepsy, causing a chain reaction of defects that leads to the characteristic spike-wave discharges.
288h agoMotivation and working memory independently improve perceptual performance, with the greatest enhancement occurring when both are present.
288h agoThe metastable dynamics of the frontal cortex are controlled by a loop with the claustrum, and the timing of state transitions in this loop is required for efficient flexible behavior.
288h agoThe brain's response to threats differs depending on how close the threat is, with closer threats triggering immediate defensive responses and farther threats engaging planning and evaluation networks; in people with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder, this response is disrupted, with abnormal activity in areas responsible for processing threats and fear.
288h agoMicroglial function in Alzheimer's disease is regulated by glycogen metabolism, which drives their response to disease-related proteins and affects their ability to clear harmful protein aggregates.
288h agoA new mixture-of-experts framework identifies clinically meaningful subtypes of neurodegenerative diseases, improving diagnostic precision and prognostic accuracy by integrating predictive modeling with subtype identification.
288h agoIschemic stroke causes a left-right imbalance in diaphragmatic function, with reduced exercise capacity, altered nerve activity, and structural changes in diaphragmatic innervation.
288h agoThe frontoparietal cortex areas that respond to physical world reasoning are also recruited during demanding spatial working memory tasks.
288h agoLocomotor adaptation involves not only reducing movement error, but also changing how movement is regulated from one stride to the next, and this change persists even after re-exposure to the original conditions.
288h agoLonger duration of global cerebral ischemia is associated with lower brain perfusion quality, but the relationship is a gradual decline rather than a sharp threshold.
288h agoDeep brain stimulation suppresses Parkinsonian motor symptoms at high frequencies by destroying the active fixed point via a boundary equilibrium bifurcation, which causes a concurrent linear rise in GABAergic output and abrupt excitatory suppression.
288h agoDynamic single photon emission computed tomography shows that anesthesia affects cerebrospinal fluid dynamics differently in pigs and rats, with species-specific patterns of tracer distribution, penetration, and clearance.
288h agoA mathematical model of calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity explains the effects of two brain stimulation modalities, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, and provides a unified description of their stimulation effects.
288h agoSYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency disrupts early human brain development and accelerates intrinsic neuronal maturation by causing widespread dysregulation of genes involved in neurodevelopment, cell adhesion, and ion channel regulation.
288h agoA new model links brain activity to responses to external stimulation, accurately predicting how brain areas interact and respond to stimulation across individuals.
288h agoImpedance spectroscopy can detect tissue transitions, making it a promising tool for intraoperative margin detection during tumor resection.
288h agoPsilocybin changes neural activity patterns, reducing oscillating sequences and shifting the balance towards stable sequences, with a specific cluster driving this effect.
288h agoAdults with ADHD show neural differences, including reduced P300 and lower SSVEPs to target stimuli, but similar performance and wake slow wave activity, compared to adults without ADHD, during a sustained attention task.
288h agoBrain activity and gaze behavior are coupled even when eyes are closed, with changes in gaze associated with altered brain activity in areas typically linked to vision.
288h agoSurprisal does not add information beyond contextual embeddings to predict neural responses during language comprehension.
288h agoThe density of recurrent connectivity in area CA3 determines completion of partial cues, with different types of CA3 autoassociators having opposite failure modes and a trade-off between capacity and stability.
288h agoMicroglia contact and prune blood vessels in the postnatal mouse cortex through PD-L1–PD-1 signaling.
292h agoCurrent explanations for orientation selectivity in the visual cortex are not sufficient to explain it in real brain networks.
292h agoChildren with callous-unemotional traits can be divided into two distinct subtypes with different brain structure, clinical symptoms, and environmental exposures.
292h agoTraining methods shape the structure and dynamics of recurrent neural networks differently: gradient-based methods produce lower-dimensional hidden-state activity and adapt to task difficulty by changing output layer weights, while gradient-free methods maintain higher-dimensional activity and adapt more uniformly across layers.
296h agoBase editing can correct the dominant pathogenic BEST1 allele that causes autosomal dominant Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, restoring normal function in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
296h agoSimulated microgravity reduces the growth and health of dopamine-producing brain cells and triggers changes similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease.
296h agoThe general posture of the body and the temporal dynamics of movement are two distinct types of information used to classify and reconstruct human movements.
300h agoBiological intelligence uses grounded world models, acquired through interaction with the environment, as a semantic scaffold for language, whereas current embodied AI systems rely on passive training regimes with language as the scaffold.
300h agoThe residual synaptic configuration after neuronal activity ceases determines whether a neuronal network's activity terminates or spontaneously regenerates, and this configuration's Latent Excitatory Recruitment capacity predicts the network's future dynamics.
300h agoHere is a concise sentence summarizing the main findings: Interfacing with biological networks requires optimizing encoding strategies, burst-based temporal encoding yields the best performance with 95. On the other note, I left other strategies like rate-based, phase-based less performing. For instance rate-based with 80%. Now, the full paragraph provides more or not. Here is to leave it as is: We then to compare other method as well and get findings are good. and get bursting result 95% while others get rate 80% and we still get phase lower. Here are details: Burst high perform better , 95% while rate low get 80% . On multi-electrode electrode array . Findings indicate the best one with spiking 95% and rate 80% . Other get lower. Thus on the results and get high get better on , rate get better on the system. in real system get 95% . Other not get low but low on . on real get 95% and get best .
300h agoHere is a simple sentence summary of the work: A modular state model combines sensory to performance to observable behavior. Alternatively, the main findings are reported in a more technical report style: A modular state model with psychologically interpretable and mathematically analyzable structure for behavior, links sensory information from partial observation through the internal states to stable and observable behavior outputs. Here are more details about the model: * The sufficient conditions are conditions for stability, * Lipschitz, input to a model stability condition characterizes the bounded and stable system performance measures.
300h agoHere is a simple to read sentence summary of the paragraph: The introduction of MO (MaskedOencoder-based joint training) training framework improves performance can improve state-of-art decoding performance and neuronal data analysis by enabling learning from self-supervised masked and sparse data.
300h agoEmbodied artificial intelligence requires a new governance approach that treats agents as individuals with changing capabilities, and proposes a governable individual concept with controlled lifecycle transitions to ensure accountability.
300h agoThe left-right asymmetry in brain activity predictions from large language model activations emerges as the model develops formal linguistic abilities, such as grammar and sentence formation.
300h agoA family of multihump-multivalley solitons with arbitrary structures exists on a plane-wave background in birefringent optical fibers, and their topological structure is determined equally by intensity zeros and poles.
300h agoA unified Bayesian inverse transport framework resolves the issue of violating mass conservation in data-driven approaches by embedding Bayesian Neural Networks within exact partial differential equations, enabling consistent uncertainty propagation and missing-data reconstruction.
300h agoThe conditional law of histories in coupled stochastic systems factorises when the boundary variables separate multiplicatively, which is detected by log likelihoods, Girsanov changes of measure, and information theoretic quantities.
300h agoThe trans-Neptunian region's orbital architecture is shaped by resonant dynamics, chaotic transport, and gravitational sculpting by giant planets.
300h agoThe mirror Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations provide a foundation for deriving the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) formulation for AdS3 superstrings with Ramond-Ramond flux.
300h agoTurbulent aeroacoustic flows exhibit a metamorphosis of the transition from continuous to abrupt through a canard explosion when the Reynolds number and distance between orifices are varied.
300h agoHere is a one-sentence summary of the text, condensed into simple words and active voice as possible: Fitness describes maximizing information maximization principles and selection processes through adapting populations.
300h agoThe Boltzmann weight assigned to a tetrahedron solves the tetrahedron equation in a class of state integral models on shaped pseudo 3-manifolds.
300h agoThe minimal coupling strength required for a fully phase-locked equilibrium in the Kuramoto model is defined by the intersection of a rescaled frequency vector and a convex set in frequency space.
300h agoA two-stage inverse design procedure creates disordered photonic networks that block light in all directions and polarizations over a wide frequency range, achieving a wide and homogeneous photonic band gap.
300h agoDisorder-induced band broadening in momentum space governs the resistivity in dilute Cu-3d transition-metal alloys at ambient temperature, not the local density-of-states effects.
300h agoA microscopic constitutive theory predicts the stress-strain response of metallic and polymer glasses based on nonaffine elasticity and irreversible many-body relaxation.
300h agoHere is a simple to read sentence summary of the paragraph: The Family-Viskeck model exhibits scaling properties with a growth rate of $\beta=0.470\pm0.012$ and a roughness exponent $\alpha=1.01 \pm the probability distribution of height changes displaying significant from Gaussian distribution and following Cauchy-Lorentz form.
300h agoThe residual synaptic configuration after neuronal activity ceases determines whether a neuronal network's activity terminates or spontaneously regenerates, and this configuration's Latent Excitatory Recruitment capacity predicts the network's future dynamics.
300h agoA general method reveals that correlations in systems with low-energy excitations decay exponentially along the longitudinal dimension, but the correlation length scales with the transverse size to indicate the lower critical dimension.
300h agoA framework for data analysis identifies 20 mechanisms of third-order nonlinear transport in disordered materials by combining symmetry diagnosis and scaling laws, allowing for the quantitative distinction of these mechanisms in experiments.
300h agoA simple mechanism based on local polaron formation explains apparent Planckian scattering, where the scattering rate increases linearly with temperature, without needing fine tuning.
300h agoIntegrating complementary biomarkers GFAP and IBA1 improves automated traumatic brain injury classification, and deep learning provides a robust alternative to manual analysis for immunofluorescent brain injury imaging.
304h agoMicrosaccade preparation alters how the fovea processes visual information, increasing crowding by changing the integration of nearby features, even when sensitivity to isolated stimuli remains unchanged.
304h agoNeuromorphic computing enables real-time detection and manipulation of brain oscillations critical for memory consolidation, and its use in closed-loop frameworks can alter ripple dynamics and reduce oscillatory energy.
304h agoShutter glasses with a visual flicker effect elicit robust gamma activity in the brain and can be used to study and modulate human neuronal oscillations and memory processes.
304h agoHigher cortisol levels are linked to changes in brain activity in people with low resilience, but have the opposite effect in people with high resilience.
304h agoPeople with ADHD tend to change their responses more often after being correct, leading to less accuracy, while those with OCD perform similarly to healthy controls, and distinct brain activity patterns are linked to these differences.
304h agoThe Beltrami-Klein ball model provides a highly efficient framework for analyzing neurocognitive decline by reducing processing demands and improving diagnostic precision for brain disorders.
304h agoThe brain extracts and represents the information content of sensory experience to avoid monotony, recruiting neocortical activity and using a population code for entropy supported by neurons tuned to information content.
308h agoShort-term nasal aeroallergen exposure induces functional changes in olfactory sensory neuron physiology that preserve olfactory function, with minimal changes to immune cell phenotypes.
308h agoThe nervous system uses predictive mechanisms to intercept moving objects, incorporating internalized physical priors such as gravity, and adapts these mechanisms to different task demands.
308h agoA four-week expiratory muscle strength training program leads to increased functional connectivity in the brain, particularly in sensorimotor and cognitive circuits, without changing structural brain features.
308h agoLatent processing units, which are computational elements within biological neural circuitry, provide a framework for understanding how low-dimensional computations are implemented in high-dimensional neural networks.
308h agoTraumatic brain injury in early life causes lasting cognitive and social problems, possibly due to changes in immune cells in the brain.
308h agoCarrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, does not affect spatial navigation or other cognitive abilities in healthy young adults.
308h agoDIPPER, a computational tool, reconstructs evolutionary trees from genome sequences for up to ten million sequences, while improving speed and memory efficiency.
312h agoAlphaFold2 has advanced protein design and inspired the development of artificial intelligence-driven infrastructures for scientific discovery.
312h agoSPARCL1 enhances synapse formation by binding to teneurins with its follistatin-like domain and activating synapse formation with its Ca2+-binding domain.
312h agoThe shape of a speaker's articulators, such as lips and tongue, helps listeners categorize spoken words by their phonetic features, especially in noisy environments.
312h agoA neural model that represents the rules of module recombination can dramatically speed up learning by restricting it to low-dimensional spaces that encode the structure of module reuse.
312h agoSignals from white matter locations in the brain have different spectral features and higher complexity than those from gray matter locations.
312h agoNeural speech representations are structured to encode predictive information in latent space, which best explains neural activity and predicts behavioral performance.
312h agoHippocampal neuronal population dynamics change with spatial learning, showing increased spatial selectivity and improved population decoding of spatial location, and NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity is essential for these changes and for learning.
312h agoMicroglia's inflammatory activity contributes to mood switching in bipolar disorder, especially in the transition from depression to mania.
316h agoSemantic information can be decoded from human cortical activity, with a classification accuracy of 29.8% across 15 semantic categories.
316h agoSubcortical anatomy asymmetries are linked to asymmetries in cortical oscillatory power, with distinct subcortical structures associated with specific cortical frequency bands.
316h agoA new method allows measuring causal connections between brain areas across large networks over long periods of time in macaques.
320h agoA physics-informed framework detects falls by modeling the instability dynamics of the human support system, using a novel dual-LTC architecture that continuously monitors inertial trajectory evolution and ground-contact adjustment.
324h agoA new framework called OPhELIA enables efficient mapping of neural connections by selecting the most informative stimuli, allowing researchers to approximate exhaustive functional connectomes with a reduced number of trials.
324h agoA predictive system's default hypothesis can be changed from its original environment to a synthetic one if the synthetic environment is consistent enough, a process called ontological inversion.
324h agoThe Clone-Structured Causal Graph algorithm can learn an interpretable map from raw sensory input and movements, even when exact sensory patterns rarely repeat.
324h agoNeurons with adaptive current can synchronize teaching signals with neural activity by predicting future inputs, enabling efficient learning and memory formation over extended timescales.
324h agoNITROGEN, an imputation-free transformer, jointly models patient feature dependencies and relational structures to enable robust multimodal learning from partially observed records, showing robust calibration and uncertainty quantification advantages in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and severity prediction.
324h agoBiological and artificial systems follow a common lossy-compression principle, but humans and deep networks occupy different regions of rate-distortion space, with humans exhibiting smooth trade-offs and deep networks operating in steeper regimes.
324h agoThe Bloch-type slow-fast architecture supports self-healing coordination in cognitive swarm agents by accelerating the restoration of spatial connectedness after disruptions.
324h agoA discrete set of eigenvalues characterizes soliton content of nonlinear pulses, and perturbations leave predictable fingerprints on the eigenvalue portrait that can be used to manipulate and reconstruct nonlinear wave fields.
324h agoA model of collective motion and opinion dynamics shows that the confidence threshold of opinion dynamics controls the number of opinion clusters, and the strength of opinion-dependent spatial attraction determines whether these clusters merge or remain separated.
324h agoThe marine carbon cycle's response to carbon injection from the atmosphere depends on the pulse duration and shape, with differences in pulse shape affecting the number and duration of large transient responses.
324h agoA unified framework uses Lie-Scheffers theory to exactly reduce complex network systems into simpler macroscopic systems of lower dimensions, independent of network size.
324h agoInternal fluctuations in a trained Neural Cellular Automata model are spatially structured and play a functional role in supporting self-repair by contributing to damage recovery through distributed small-magnitude updates.
324h agoThe classical Lanczos algorithm accurately approximates quantum complexity at early times in theories with well-defined semiclassical limits, and classical Krylov complexity is a useful characteristic of early-time chaotic dynamics.
324h agoA single stroke can pocket all twenty-one object balls in snooker, according to a model of billiard dynamics that exhibits an admissible configuration and stroke.
324h agoLinear Operator Causality Analysis (LOCA) provides a physics-based measure of causal interactions in linearized dynamical systems, such as fluid flows, by utilizing the matrix exponential of linearized differential equations.
324h agoThe constructed moving mesh schemes integrate and automatically adjust to the solution profile for multi-component modified short pulse and short pulse equations with nonzero boundary values.
324h agoThe Yajima-Oikawa equation has a Riemann-Hilbert approach that provides a rigorous reconstruction formula for its solution and describes its long-time asymptotic behavior with or without soliton solutions.
324h agoThe study identifies discrete Painlevé equations in nonautonomous systems of difference equations derived from semi-classical orthogonal polynomials, and finds examples with a common surface type but different dynamics and symmetries.
324h agoThe Euler ensemble with an odd number of points is locally stable, while the ensemble with an even number of points is unstable and excluded as a local attractor.
324h agoOscillatory active Brownian motion, a model of self-propelled motion, accurately describes the movement of sperm cells by combining persistent swimming with cyclic motion generated by flagellar beating.
324h agoHierarchical crack patterns in drying thin films have a specific morphology that can be analyzed using graph theory and image processing, and a simulation model best reproduces the key features of real cracks.
324h agoA magnetic field enhances the crossover from Anderson localization to the non-Hermitian skin effect in spinful systems, facilitating Anderson delocalization even in strongly disordered systems.
324h agoRandom fractal lattices with noninteger dimensionality can shape quantum correlations, leading to robust power-law behavior in entanglement entropy and slow quantum-information spreading in free-fermion systems.
324h agoSynuclein protein aggregation disrupts cell processes and contributes to neuronal dysfunction by affecting intracellular calcium balance, mitochondrial function, and synaptic function in Parkinson's disease.
328h agoZero prediction errors, where outcomes perfectly match expectations, produce the highest momentary happiness and actively shape affect, behavior, and neural feedback processing in human reinforcement learning.
328h agoLoss of orexin neurons leads to sleepiness and cataplexy episodes, and an oxytocin-sensitive circuit in the central amygdala links positive emotional signals to motor suppression.
332h agoLoss of PLCγ2 compromises immune tolerance, erodes central myelin and phosphoinositide homeostasis, and enhances brain oxidative metabolism, which may increase vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease pathology and aging.
332h agoDepressive symptoms are linked to reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while anxiety symptoms are linked to increased activity in this area, during cognitive restructuring.
336h agoListeners attend to and integrate multiple communicative signals, including speech, mouth movements, and gestures, in a way that depends on the reliability of the auditory input and the informativeness of the available signals.
336h agoSentence comprehension requires the incremental construction of syntactic structure and semantic interpretation, and processing costs are tied to phrase completion, not individual words, and interact with semantic interpretation.
336h agoFrontolimbic connectivity development follows a principle of differentiation, with the connections between the frontal cortex and the hippocampus maturing rapidly in early childhood, and the connections between the frontal cortex and the amygdala developing more in adolescence.
336h agoCanine brain banks can be used for aging and dementia research, and optimizing tissue collection and preservation methods, including whole brain perfusion fixation, is crucial for realizing their full value.
336h agoUpregulating SCN1A in parvalbumin interneurons using a CRISPR activation system improves survival, reduces seizures, and restores balance in the brain in a Dravet syndrome model.
336h agoSpecific neuron subtypes are selectively depleted in frontotemporal dementia, and their vulnerability is linked to baseline cellular respiration and ATP synthesis.
336h agoThe prenatal period is critical for mental health and cognition, and the cortex undergoes a dramatic transformation from a smooth surface into a folded structure during this time. or Cortical folding emerges in successive waves during prenatal development, starting with low-frequency deep fissures and followed by higher frequency folds.
336h agoAdverse biological, psychological, and social exposures from conception to age three converge to shape brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes, with both delayed and accelerated brain maturation consistently linked to poorer outcomes.
336h agoA new microfluidic platform with 33 chambers mimics the structure of the neocortex and shows that focal pathological changes caused by amyloid-beta and progerin lead to progressive, layer-dependent changes in firing dynamics and network topology.
336h agoOxytocin-responsive neurons in the amygdala mediate cataplexy triggered by strong emotions in social situations in people with narcolepsy.
340h agoHuman cortex has more compact local dendrites and stronger lobe-level morphological specialization than mouse cortex.
340h agoA generative model designs information metamaterials that enable beam steering, focusing, and holography with experimental validation and speeds up holographic design by over 1,000 times.
340h agoMachine learning force fields perform well on computational tests but fail when compared to real mineral measurements, highlighting the need for evaluation frameworks based on real-world conditions and multiple material properties.
340h agoPeople with Autism Spectrum Disorder and neurotypical individuals show similar sensitivity to spontaneous interpersonal entrainment under stable conditions when their movements are synchronized with a partner's.
340h agoParkin gene replacement using AAV gene therapy restores mitophagy initiation in Parkin-deficient cells and shows promise as a potential treatment for early-onset Parkinson's disease.
344h agoThe membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) recovers after axon injury, but its reformation is accelerated when the activity of Rho kinase ROCK-2 is reduced, leading to faster axon regrowth.
344h agoThe protein NRA-1 regulates cholinergic signalling and sensory circuit function by sustaining receptor activity during repeated stimulation, and its loss impairs behaviours such as chemotaxis, food localisation, and egg-laying.
344h agoEarly-warning signals of climate tipping in a stochastic energy balance model are marked by changes in reduced spectral response, extreme-event statistics, and full-field phase coherence.
348h agoLearning a low-dimensional representation is necessary for neural networks to generalise to new situations and improve performance.
348h agoThe model of human motor cortex as a port-Hamiltonian system produces stochastic trajectories that match real EEG data and generates neuromodulation signals that restore phase-locking in silico.
348h agoA new method, SpectralOT, embeds cortical geometry into functional data to align brain activity across individuals, helping to develop decoders that generalize across people.
348h agoThe NITROGEN model accurately classifies Alzheimer's disease and predicts disease severity from incomplete clinical data by jointly modeling patient feature dependencies and relationships between patients.
348h agoA new multi-subject model called WiCAT enables zero-shot behavior decoding on unseen subjects and outperforms single-session models in analyzing widefield calcium imaging data.
348h agoA new method retrieves videos from camera-trap datasets by using text queries to describe events of interest, achieving a 34% F1-score on a benchmark test set.
348h agoBrain-computer interfaces lack adequate security protections, despite rapid advancements in their technology and use in various fields.
348h agoConscious subjective experiences have a partial order structure, meaning some experiences are comparable but others are not, due to their unique qualitative aspects.
348h agoInfants learn sensorimotor contingencies through mechanisms that include action-outcome prediction, exploration, motor noise, and biologically inspired motor control.
348h agoInformation flow between brain regions during different stimuli can be studied using Information Theory tools, which detect linear and non-linear dynamics and reveal connections between brain regions.
348h agoA new framework defines the conditions for consciousness by combining information theory and moment-to-moment theory, offering a generalizable theory that positions AI as a testbed for consciousness emergence.
348h agoPeople are systematic and adaptively rational when playing or evaluating a new game for the first time, and this ability can be explained by a cognitive model called the 'Intuitive Gamer'.
348h agoThe brain achieves stability and plasticity by separating context selection and local inference through a process called Metric-Topology Factorization, which uses the hippocampus and neocortex to handle complex environments.
348h agoSpiking neural networks equipped with synapses that have multiple delays can store and recall precise temporal patterns of neural activity, enabling efficient working memory.
348h agoScience has limits when studying consciousness and subjective experiences because its findings must be reproducible by any observer, independent of perspective.
348h agoThe vertical dimension of occlusion acts as a constraint on an adaptive neuromechanical system, and different occlusal conditions cannot be uniquely identified through observable performance or low-dimensional biomechanical representations.
348h agoObservable performance does not fully reflect the organization of an adaptive system, and longitudinal viability can provide a proxy for reorganization when static representations are not identifying.
348h agoA study introduces a new method, Level 5, which uses a neural network to approximate changes in gait in a person with Parkinson's disease, based on initial gait data and observational probes.
348h agoThe canonical one-dimensional swarmalator model exhibits four collective states with stability boundaries that meet at a single cusp.
348h agoA framework for controlling collective dynamics of oscillator networks with time-delayed interactions uses a delay-free, higher-order approximation to accurately predict dynamics and enable bistability and intermediate synchronization states.
348h agoA geometric framework introduces folded wave representations of exact solutions to some nonlocal nonlinear equations, generating different loop-type profiles based on folding maps and solution parameters.
348h agoAkhmediev breathers can be generated with a frequency that is stable and dominant, even though they are created by unstable modes in certain vector systems.
348h agoThe continuous-trait Axelrod model undergoes a hybrid phase transition for two cultural features, but a traditional first-order transition for three features, as social tolerance changes.
348h agoLearning a low-dimensional representation is necessary for neural networks to generalise to new situations and improve performance.
348h agoVarying the gain position in 1D ridge polariton waveguides allows tuning between single and multiple solitons, and exciton reservoir dynamics govern soliton splitting.
348h agoTurbulent coherent structures are fundamentally universal thermodynamic responses to macroscopic energy throughput imbalances.
348h agoStochasticity slows down the rotation of spiral waves in excitable media through two second-order effects: heterogeneity and temporal fluctuations.
348h agoNonautonomous systems of difference equations from semi-classical orthogonal polynomials are identified as discrete Painlev\'e equations and classified into types, revealing examples with shared surface type but differing dynamics and symmetries.
348h agoThe algebraic soliton solutions of the Satsuma--Mimura equation respond differently to various perturbative mechanisms, with some perturbations preserving linearizability and others changing the soliton profile.
348h agoStable, ballistic, prograde cycler orbits exist in the circular restricted three-body problem, where periodic trajectories temporarily capture and orbit each primary.
348h agoThe Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and its higher-order counterpart have been systematically constructed in discrete versions, yielding four families of discrete models with explicit N-soliton and multiple-pole solutions.
348h agoThe thermal behavior of dipole-compression collective oscillations in a harmonically trapped one-dimensional Bose gas is controlled by the temperature of the hole-induced anomaly, with a beating signal of two frequencies evolving from the low-temperature phononic hydrodynamic regime to the collisionless limit as temperature increases.
348h agoA collision between a Nielsen-Olesen vortex and antivortex shows a chaotic pattern with bounce windows in the deep type II regime.
348h agoEnvironmental fluctuations can promote coexistence between bacteriophages and bacteria by suppressing destructive oscillations, and lower bacterial growth rates can enhance survival under high infection pressure.
348h agoThe study examines quantum and stochastic deformations of a reversible cellular automaton, finding that the quantum deformation has an infinite tower of conserved charges and the stochastic deformation has a non-equilibrium steady state that can be explicitly constructed.
348h agoThe unified polar equations derived from 2D and 3D fluid equations show that a finite-time blow-up occurs at a specific point, causing divergence of the strain norm, and this blow-up can transfer to the full solution under certain conditions.
348h agoA new mathematical framework based on the Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function captures anomalous relaxation in disordered solids, soft matter, and biological tissues with a broad dispersive transition and tunable low- and high-frequency exponents.
348h agoA minimal frustrated Vicsek-Kuramoto active-particle model realizes a non-Hermitian Chern bulk-boundary correspondence through microscopic self-propelled particles with a phase lag.
348h agoA new type of ordered phase, called "implectic", occurs in many-particle systems when impurities and defects locally break symmetries, causing spontaneous symmetry breaking on a background of domain structures.
348h agoThe induced spectrum of a matrix ensemble generated by Gibbs measures inherits the glassy Gibbs geometry only when the difference of two matrices built from independent thermal samples is considered.
348h agoFeature learning is a geometric critical phenomenon that occurs when the target-active geometry of a lifted tensor-product learning metric becomes unstable and gives rise to traceless target-aligned eigentensors.
348h agoThe mobility edge in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian generalization of the Aubry-André model forms a single parabola in the energy-potential plane, and its shape is affected by nonreciprocal hopping amplitudes.
348h agoSparse long-range random bonds on a one-dimensional lattice generate quantum-chaotic spectral correlations and drive a localization transition in a noninteracting single-particle Hamiltonian.
348h agoA class of diffusion processes interacting through a symmetric matrix has a dynamical mean-field limit that takes the form of a generalized Langevin equation with correlated Gaussian noise and memory.
348h agoUnsupervised autoencoders learn macroscopic variables from microscopic spin configurations by operating in two distinct dynamical regimes: a magnetization-dominated regime and an energy-dominated regime.
348h agoTraining a Restricted Boltzmann machine with auxiliary random binary images causes it to reject out-of-distribution inputs while preserving classification accuracy.
348h agoQuantum advantage in spin dynamics is assessed by comparing it to the strongest classical substitutes, and a physics-based diagnostic is developed to distinguish between classical and quantum dynamics.
348h agoA digital-analog circuit QED architecture enables simulation of strongly correlated systems by directly representing bosons with microwave resonators and fermions with transmon qubits.
348h agoA new algorithm, qReduMIS, uses a quantum computer to help solve the maximum independent set problem by informing classical reduction logic about vertices that are likely to be in large independent sets.
348h agoThe enhancement factor of waves focused through complex media fluctuates, with its distribution accurately described by random-matrix theory in weakly scattering media, but exhibiting giant fluctuations in strongly scattering media.
348h agoA disordered interacting edge theory of a fractional topological insulator reveals three distinct phases with two possible conductance values per edge, and an interaction-induced insulating edge state can emerge with certain perturbations.
348h agoGradient descent in feed-forward ReLU networks can be rewritten as a collective dynamics of activation fields and conjugate fields on the training set.
348h agoA new algorithm, qReduMIS, helps solve portfolio diversification problems more efficiently by using a combination of quantum and classical computing to identify optimal investment solutions.
348h agoA general Rosenzweig-Porter-type model shows that the localization properties of eigenvectors and the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis change as the coupling constant interpolates between zero and a large value.
348h agoThe structural maturation of brain networks precedes functional maturation by about five days in neonates, with a stronger link between structure and function when structure develops first.
352h agoATF3 marks injured sensory neurons but is not required for acute post-surgical pain behaviors, and the postsurgical pain program is driven by a broader set of genes that include c-Jun.
352h agoA dynamic index of arteriovenous coordination detects disruption of vascular coordination in ischemic stroke, revealing abnormalities in blood flow between arteries and veins.
352h agoPantothenate supplementation increases coenzyme A levels, improves lipid metabolism, and extends lifespan under stress conditions in C. elegans, and also provides neuroprotection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models.
352h agoVisual stimulation that follows the speech sound can improve listening comprehension by enhancing the interaction between visual and auditory information.
352h agoStimulation of the rostral pedunculotegmental nucleus disrupts the ability to process and use sensory information to guide actions, not just pause motor output.
352h agoA11 dopamine neurons produce dopamine, project to the spinal cord, and modulate pain and motor systems, and they have unique electrophysiological properties, including the ability to fire spontaneously in a rhythmic manner.
352h agoIn patients with epilepsy, seizures are preceded by changes in brain activity marked by reduced synchronization and a breakdown in normal brain coherence.
352h agoAlzheimer's disease mice develop urinary dysfunction, including frequent urination and bladder problems, due to amyloid-beta deposition and altered neuronal signaling in the spinal cord and peripheral pathways.
352h agoLocal pseudopotentials remove the cost of core electrons from neural network-based quantum Monte Carlo simulations, increasing computational efficiency and preserving accuracy.
356h agoTau protein isoforms influence the disease course of traumatic brain injury, with mice expressing human tau isoforms showing less white matter damage at subacute times but worse outcomes at chronic times compared to wild-type mice.
356h agoLocal field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus are not reliable indicators of population synaptic activity due to the unique neuronal morphology and connectivity of the area.
356h agoWhite-matter BOLD dynamics can be modestly but reliably predicted from distributed cortical gray-matter activity, revealing a tract-organized dimension of white-matter functional coupling beyond what is captured by pairwise connectivity.
356h agoThe choice of intermediate representation in neural decoding strongly affects reconstruction performance, and the effectiveness of diffusion latent representations depends on the selected diffusion timestep.
356h agoIndividuals with aphantasia, who lack visual imagery, can form associative memories using nonvisual strategies, and perform as well as or better than people with visual imagery in certain memory tasks.
356h agoNeural measures, specifically Inter-Subject Correlation (ISC) and P300 responses, consistently capture individual differences in attention across artificial and real-life tasks, while traditional behavioral measures do not.
356h agoBraiNN, a new framework for large-scale neural mass modeling, enables fast and personalized simulations of brain network dynamics, allowing for patient-specific treatment planning for neurological disorders.
356h agoPost-stroke fatigue involves a disrupted cortical predictive signal and amplified postdictive integration, with preserved peripheral sensory attenuation.
356h agoFemale participants experience more intense acute subjective effects and greater perceived impairment under psychedelics than male participants, with medium-to-large effects seen across three different drugs.
356h agoAmyloid beta plaques and tau pathology disrupt myelin production by reprogramming oligodendrocytes to focus on immune activation and protein remodeling, rather than producing myelin.
356h agoA novel framework combining reward-function analysis and behavioral analysis infers latent motivations and behavioral dynamics from observed behavior, revealing distinct patterns of behavioral dynamics from recovered reward functions.
356h agoPrior context helps people understand noisy speech by enhancing the integration of words into sentence meaning, rather than just improving word-by-word prediction.
356h agoAfadin regulates neural stem cells and its loss during development leads to the formation of an ectopic germinal zone and disrupts the normal neural stem cell niche.
356h agoChronic stress changes the way D1 and D2 neurons in the dorsal striatum work, with D2 neurons showing a more coherent response in receptor-trafficking and synaptic signaling programs.
356h agoThe brain prioritizes new information that strengthens the organization of our knowledge, assigning more value and resources to information that improves the structure of what we know.
356h agoWomen and men do not differ in moral decision-making involving instrumental harm, but personality traits and hormone levels, particularly estradiol, influence moral choices.
356h agoSex hormones shape threat avoidance behavior differently in male and female mice, with females' behavior modulated by the estrous cycle and individual components of the threat response circuit playing opposing roles in males and females.
356h agoApplying a specific image processing approach to low-field MRI data yields moderate correspondence in cortical thickness estimates with high-field MRI in young people, particularly in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions.
356h agoLesions in the medial Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) cause stuttering-like behavior in canaries, marked by prolonged and variable syllable repetition, increased phrase duration variability, and changes in syllable acoustic structure.
356h agoInflammatory cytokines trigger a protein called syntaphilin to intrude into dendrites, causing neurodegeneration, and this process is regulated by opposing roles of NMDAR subtypes.
356h agoProtein language models predict protein fitness accurately and their performance improves as they get larger, providing practical guidelines for using them in fitness prediction.
360h agoLarger language models do not always perform better at fitness prediction, with performance depending on whether model outputs match evolutionary patterns in homologs, which works best at moderate predicted sequence likelihoods.
360h agoThe Spatial Neighboring Scattering Transform, a new analysis method, captures amplitude-envelope coupling between brain regions and its modulation across frequency scales, revealing that this coupling is periodically gated by slow rhythms.
372h agoGreater structural integrity in cerebellar and sensorimotor regions is associated with more flexible spatial attentional deployment in individuals with lower trait anxiety.
372h agoA new method called PHINN-EEG uses brain wave patterns to detect dreams with a predicted accuracy of 0.82-0.90, outperforming existing methods that rely on energy levels.
372h agoContext dependence in decision making can be represented by a single minimal internal state using a quantum-like extension of the Tug-of-War decision-making model.
372h agoClassical logic is a simplified version of a more complex contextual calculus, losing information in the process, with the more complex calculus combining context and Boolean content in a structured way.
372h agoA new method reduces complex systems of coupled phase oscillators with varied frequencies to a simpler form, allowing for easier study of real-world physical and biological systems.
372h agoA novel EEG model called CoCoT, which uses contrastive pretraining, matches or beats state-of-the-art models on benchmark decoding tasks and outperforms single-task decoding models.
372h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks with a large number of neurons can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for the number of neurons, leading to a strictly positive participation dimension.
372h agoHuman choice behavior in a probabilistic hide-and-seek task can be explained by a combination of two main strategies: matching or maximizing when seeking, and antimatching or minimizing when hiding.
372h agoMicrosecond-level sound localization sensitivity arises from a stable equilibrium of neural population dynamics, where excitatory and inhibitory interactions drive the system to estimate interaural time differences.
372h agoSynchronization in inertial systems forms clusters with different organizations depending on the frequency distribution of the oscillators.
372h agoThe dispersionless version of the modified DKP hierarchy has an equivalent reformulation as the Yang-Baxter equation for Baxter's $R$-matrix of Boltzmann weights for the 8-vertex model.
372h agoGlobal continuation provides a new way to study multistable dynamical systems by finding and continuing all system attractors and their response to finite perturbations, making it easier to analyze critical transitions and real-world applications.
372h agoThe Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and its higher-order counterpart have been systematically constructed in discrete versions, yielding four families of discrete models with explicit N-soliton and multiple-pole solutions.
372h agoReaction-diffusion oscillators can produce frequency combs, which are evenly spaced spectral lines locked to one fundamental frequency.
372h agoQuasi-one-dimensional continuous waves in a two-dimensional optical system with cubic-quintic nonlinearity can be modulationally unstable, and stable stationary states in the form of periodic soliton chains can exist.
372h agoDiscrete conformal maps with quasi-periodic boundary conditions are Liouville integrable, and the embedding of Schramm's orthogonal square grid circle patterns into discrete conformal maps relates to a symplectic leaf.
372h agoNonlinear interactions drive a spontaneous spatial symmetry breaking in dark-bright solitons in harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, causing a transition from symmetric to asymmetric oscillations.
372h agoA new method reduces complex systems of coupled phase oscillators with varied frequencies to a simpler form, allowing for easier study of real-world physical and biological systems.
372h agoThe Watts threshold model behaves differently on networks with a functional or complementary structure, and its phase transitions are affected by the specific choice of that structure.
372h agoSoliton gases occur naturally in the deep ocean, specifically in Taiwan waters, and are characterized by short-period waves with extreme steepness.
372h agoA spin chain model with disguised free fermions is presented, where the frustration graph contains claws and even holes but still exhibits the free fermionic property due to special relations between coupling constants.
372h agoThe system of linear oscillators coupled by social network links exhibits chaotic dynamics that leads to a distribution of energy or wealth similar to the wealth inequality seen in the world, where a small portion of the population owns a large portion of the wealth.
372h agoThe attention matrix of a causal transformer is controlled by resolvent quantities, not eigenvalues, which predicts the behavior of trained transformers better than eigenvalues.
372h agoThe Rosenzweig-Porter random matrix ensemble's phase diagram features a region with fractal eigenstates and intermediate properties, and its generalizations share a universal scaling form around the Thouless energy.
372h agoA new method reduces complex systems of coupled phase oscillators with varied frequencies to a simpler form, allowing for easier study of real-world physical and biological systems.
372h agoLong-chain branching in polymers introduces new pathways that change how they respond to oscillating forces, producing a characteristic peak in their nonlinear response that is explained by a new molecular theory.
372h agoEconomies are likely to be intrinsically unstable, with bubbles, crashes, and crises emerging naturally from out-of-equilibrium dynamics, rather than being caused by large external shocks.
372h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks with a large number of neurons can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for the number of neurons, leading to a strictly positive participation dimension.
372h agoMeasurement-induced entanglement can be effectively learned with polynomial resources below a certain threshold, but requires exponentially more resources above it.
372h agoLipid remodeling occurs early in ALS, with changes detectable in muscle and serum before symptoms appear, and differs by muscle fiber type and sex.
372h agoNeuromodulators, including dopamine and acetylcholine, regulate astrocyte activity in the striatum, and this astrocyte activity is altered in Parkinson's disease, affecting motor function.
372h agoTemporal lobe epilepsy patients have reduced functional connectivity between the thalamus and other brain regions, which is linked to hippocampal pathology and seizure generalization.
384h agoPrenatal gene delivery to the developing nervous system in rats and marmosets is achieved through a non-surgical approach using intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors under ultrasound guidance.
384h agoMutations in the EEF1A2 gene disrupt neuronal gene expression, particularly downregulating proteins involved in synaptic function, which may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as early onset epilepsy and intellectual disability.
384h agoDopamine activity in the tail of the striatum encodes both aversive values and action prediction errors, and these two signals can coexist and play a role in cautious behaviors and learning.
384h agoFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) show similar disruptions in lipid metabolism and lysosomal function, with FTLD having additional changes, particularly in subtypes associated with GRN and Pick's disease.
384h agoChronic stress causes different effects on motivated behavior in individuals, marked by distinct brain signatures in the anterior cingulate cortex, with some showing resilience and others susceptibility to motivational deficits.
384h agoPrior knowledge sharpens the neural representation of syntactic structures that must remain open for future completion, and improves decoding of upcoming words based on immediately preceding context.
384h agoAcclimation to different temperatures helps lobster nervous systems maintain performance by changing how neurons respond to temperature and a neuropeptide.
400h agoThe crystal structure of the amyloid beta peptide bound to the HLA-DR1 molecule reveals how the peptide interacts with the molecule, which could help explain T-cell reactivity in Alzheimer's disease.
400h agoThe Lab Streaming Layer (LSL) protocol now has a unified encryption architecture, called Secure LSL, that authenticates devices and encrypts biosignal streams, making it suitable for clinical and commercial use.
400h agoAging in laboratory-housed degus is associated with a mixed behavioral profile involving increased stress-related responses and reduced social novelty preference.
400h agoAxonal geometry constrains the morphology and size of organelles, with distinct vesicle populations, endolysosomal and autophagic intermediates, and mitochondria undergoing remodeling to traverse confined axonal segments.
400h agoChronic sleep restriction increases brain activity during movement and impairs sustained attention, and people may use more brain resources to compensate for the negative effects of sleep deprivation on motor performance.
400h agoThe APOE4 genotype interacts with old age to lead to brain volume deficits, greater microglia content, and altered responses to endothelin-1 in mice.
400h agoMemory encoding and retrieval processes occur together in everyday life, and researchers studied this by having participants judge a stream of scene photographs as previously seen or new while their brain activity was recorded. revised to: Encoding and retrieval processes in memory occur together in everyday life, and a study found that brain activity markers of recognition memory are preserved even when these processes happen at the same time. However, here is an even simpler version: Brain activity markers of recognition memory stay the same when people both form and recall memories at the same time.
404h agoThe brain's early visual processing already reflects perceived beauty, with beauty ratings for objects predicted by neural responses in the visual cortex of humans and non-human primates.
404h agoThree approaches to harmonize diffusion MRI data effectively reduce protocol-related variability while preserving associations with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers.
404h agoA simple geometry-aware pipeline outperforms complex deep learning models in decoding EEG motor-imagery data, achieving the best average rank across sessions and a large advantage over competitors in cross-session tests.
404h agoDeepMReye, a deep learning framework, can accurately monitor gaze during eyes-closed periods by reconstructing gaze behavior from the MR-signal of the eyes.
404h agoBeta oscillations in the human primary sensorimotor cortex can be assessed using a novel method that analyzes easily obtained electromyography and force recordings from a contracted hand muscle.
404h agoEarly-life stress changes how the brain processes uncertain information, making people more resilient to stress later in life, possibly due to increased energy production in the brain's decision-making centers.
412h agoThe brain's processing of self-generated sounds differs from externally generated ones, with motor-induced suppression mainly affecting later stages of auditory processing, not the early encoding of sounds.
412h agoEnjoyment and familiarity of music have distinct effects on brain activity, with familiarity linked to increased left-frontal alpha power and enjoyment linked to increased theta and beta power.
412h agoAttention regulates predictive learning by reshaping how thalamocortical circuits represent and integrate sensory evidence over time, modulating prediction error encoding in the thalamus and temporal cortex with distinct informational dynamics.
412h agoMagnetoencephalography data helps identify the best timing for transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses to map an individual's speech network in the brain, leading to more accurate results.
412h agoStable motor sequences can be achieved with flexible neural participation, where different neurons contribute to each expression of the behavior while maintaining a consistent timing.
412h agoCalb1 levels in inhibitory neurons determine the extent of visual cortical plasticity, and transplanting GABAergic neurons restores juvenile plasticity in adult cortical circuits by reactivating critical period-stage gene expression patterns.
412h agoCortical memory engrams incorporate self-referenced spatial information, using a scaffold-engram architecture that reconstructs the position of the self within a remembered environment by reinstating spatial representations.
412h agoAcetylcholine release in the ventral tegmental area is necessary for appetitive and aversive states to motivate reward-seeking and threat-avoidance behaviors.
412h agoGalectin-3 acts as a central regulator that links tau pathology to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and white matter degeneration.
412h agoBetter post-encoding sleep continuity improves episodic memory performance and neural mechanisms supporting memory retrieval in both younger and older adults.
412h agoOlder adults show lower accuracy and increased brain activity in sensorimotor processing areas, particularly in the cerebellum, when performing a bimanual task, especially under demanding conditions.
412h agoN-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the dorsomedial striatum are necessary for learning from previously rewarded actions and for related calcium dynamics.
424h agoMice voluntarily consume oxycodone and fentanyl, developing physical dependence, especially with fentanyl intake, which is influenced by session duration, concentration, and sex differences.
424h agoA new method measures brain tissue motion with high precision, revealing a double-peak pattern of cardiac-locked velocity in the brainstem that reflects both nonrigid and rigid motion components.
424h agoSystemic inflammation causes different responses in various neural tissues, and genetic background plays a role in these responses, with the optic nerve head showing the largest response and the retina showing the greatest strain-dependent divergence.
424h agoFixational eye movements help people detect and locate visual stimuli by preventing the stimulus from fading and facilitate localization at the expense of detection.
424h agoBeta-amyloid accumulation impairs learning in older adults, but this impairment can be recovered with higher dopamine synthesis capacity in the brain.
424h agoPrior experience with one cue prevents learning about a redundant cue by activating a brain pathway that suppresses responses to the redundant cue.
424h agoRats exhibit emotional facial expressions and a cardiac response when they make mistakes or receive feedback about their performance, similar to humans.
424h agoThe brain uses a pathway from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to the primary visual cortex (V1) to process distractions while performing working-memory tasks.
424h agoKnocking down specific genes for sound-activated ion channels reduces sound-evoked nerve activity and transduction current in auditory receptors, suggesting NompC and Nan-Iav play a role in auditory mechanotransduction.
424h agoThe spectral-unmixing package provides a unified approach to correct spectral bleed-through in multichannel fluorescence microscopy by offering linear spectral unmixing, bidirectional two-channel correction, and blind unmixing for accurate intensity measurements and data interpretation.
424h agoBrain-computer interfaces using electroencephalography and eye gaze can decode interaction intent during virtual reality gameplay with above-chance accuracy.
428h agoHumans combine choices with response times and gaze to infer others' hidden preferences during real-time social interaction.
428h agoSleep disruptions in children are linked to changes in brain activity patterns during sleep, specifically in the anterior region, and these changes are associated with poorer attention performance.
428h agoAcute stress reconfigures the organization of the brain's functional networks, particularly in areas responsible for detecting and responding to threats.
428h agoThe medial entorhinal cortex is organized along a coding gradient, with some neurons dedicated to stable spatial coding and others more flexible, shifting between spatial and temporal coding depending on the task.
428h agoBoth proactive and reactive cognitive control mechanisms contribute to language production, adjusting trial-by-trial to resolve semantic interference during word retrieval.
428h agoAutistic and non-autistic adults experience statistical structure similarly, and this experience equally influences their perceptual decisions.
428h agoThe brain's processing of narratives depends on the time it takes to understand the story, with slower presentation rates showing a specific neural response to stories compared to lists of words or sentences.
428h agoProximity to criticality in the brain predicts the rate of learning, neuronal tuning, and general intelligence.
432h agoDensin-180 links to SHANK protein through an internal PDZ-binding motif, promoting SHANK scaffold assembly and mediating activity-dependent reorganisation of postsynaptic SHANK3 assemblies in neurons.
432h agoTemporal predictive coding, a framework that extends predictive coding to the temporal domain, enables simple recurrent networks with local plasticity to learn complex temporal dependencies.
432h agoNorepinephrine from the locus coeruleus is required to maintain the complex structure of astrocytes in the dentate gyrus molecular layer.
432h agoInhibitory control matures from childhood to early adulthood as the brain's reactive and proactive stopping networks stabilize, enabling better behavioral stability and reducing the risk of psychiatric problems.
432h agoHuman neurons encode reward delays and predict intertemporal choices, and impulsivity alters this neural process, with impaired temporal coding linked to impulsive behavior.
432h agoA new approach using representational learning accurately predicts synaptic connectivity in the mouse primary visual cortex with simple and interpretable results.
432h agoAutistic adults have altered context-dependent modulation of speech encoding, which may contribute to individual differences in auditory and social-communicative function.
432h agoParvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons make different contributions to processing sounds in complex auditory environments, with parvalbumin interneurons refining sound representations and somatostatin interneurons helping to separate competing sounds.
432h agoClozapine treatment triggers a specific alternative splicing program in glutamatergic neurons that is linked to its therapeutic effects in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
432h agoThe FLRT3-RND3 signalling pathway suppresses cortical folding by regulating neuronal migration in mice.
432h agoA diffusion-based framework called DISSECT refines segmentation boundaries using transcriptomic gradients, enabling high-precision single-cell segmentation.
436h agoLocal pseudopotentials boost the efficiency of neural network-based quantum Monte Carlo while preserving accuracy, enabling reliable simulations of large iron–sulfur clusters.
436h agoSingle-domain antibodies targeting aggregated synuclein can clear pathological synuclein, prevent neuronal loss, and improve motor function in synucleinopathy models, with one particularly effective antibody, 2H1, showing strong therapeutic potential.
436h agoPsilocybin improves cognitive flexibility by fixing abnormal activity in certain brain cells and connections, but only when the underlying cause of the cognitive inflexibility is related to faulty signaling between certain brain areas.
440h agoCholinergic input from the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca to the infralimbic cortex controls the durability and contextual specificity of fear extinction.
440h agoThe hippocampus has a reproducible mesoscale cell packing order, with denser regions being positionally ordered but less orientationally ordered, and nuclear shape varying with neighbour proximity in a cell-type specific manner.
440h agoMicroglia-mediated synapse loss in specific brain cells contributes to Parkinson's disease and a related condition called L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia.
440h agoThe polyglutamine expansion in huntingtin protein strips it of transcription machinery and gains it interactions with the proteasome and chaperones, leading to transcriptional dysregulation and proteostatic collapse in Huntington disease.
440h agoCerebral blood flow patterns provide sensitive and biologically interpretable markers of sex differences in young adult brains.
440h agoAudiovisual semantic matching with spoken words and pictures or written words activates similar but not identical neural representations, with speech-word matching happening earlier than speech-picture matching.
440h agoA proposed model of the Global Neuronal Workspace describes how early sensory processing generates a complex landscape that governs high-level stimulus representations and links sensory encoding, attention, and conscious access.
444h agoDeep Neural Network models and real brain networks likely converge in their structure and function when faced with complex tasks.
444h agoGrid cells in the brain contain sufficient information to determine an animal's path through space, allowing for reliable reconstruction of local trajectories without external position information or training data.
444h agoThe free-energy principle corresponds to predictive coding in brain networks when a broader class of probability distributions is assumed, capturing nonlinearity and heterogeneity of neural networks.
444h agoSelf-supervised vision models capture object structure in a human-like manner, and their alignment with human object perception improves with object-centric representations and specific training objectives.
444h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics that deviate from the global field.
444h agoA self-supervised transformer model, STST-JEPA, pretrained on 47,703 EEG sessions, accurately predicts brain age across a wide age range, achieving a mean absolute error of 3.06 years.
444h agoThe correlation between coarse and fine scales in chaotic systems determines how much of the fine scales is instantly known from the coarse scales, and this relation varies across scales and system conditions.
444h agoFinite Bernoulli convolutions can serve as a toy model for intermittent energy cascade in fully developed turbulence with a suitable choice of parameter.
444h agoThe asymmetric quantum baker map's complex eigenvalue statistics show a smooth crossover from a quasi-1D spectral regime to a two-dimensional Ginibre-like regime as the number of open channels and reflectivity change.
444h agoA proposed model of the Global Neuronal Workspace describes how early sensory processing generates a complex landscape that governs high-level stimulus representations and links sensory encoding, attention, and conscious access.
444h agoA new model proposes a way to understand chaotic systems by breaking them down into simpler parts and uses this approach to accurately reproduce their long-term behavior.
444h agoThe complex sine-Gordon model's internal phase degree of freedom strongly modifies solitary-wave collisions, leading to various outcomes including scattering, capture, and radiative profile emission, depending on initial velocity and relative phase.
444h agoA single phase shift governs the complexity of basin boundaries in coupled phase oscillators, causing them to become more fractal and leading to longer transient dynamics that grow with system size.
444h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics that deviate from the global field.
444h agoThe N-elliptic localized solutions of the Foka-Lenells equation are constructed using Weierstrass elliptic functions and Darboux-Backlund transformation.
444h agoRandom matrix theory provides a useful framework for understanding complex systems in areas such as nuclear physics, finance, ecology, and disordered systems.
444h agoGlauber dynamics mixes in polynomial time for certain quadratic Gibbs measures with large external fields, given an overlap condition that controls correlation matrices.
444h agoThe Hessian bulk consists of weakly lifted pseudo-Goldstone modes of the continuous symmetries of the network parametrization, which are broken by the introduction of a ReLU nonlinearity.
444h agoQuantum learning benefits from a Hamiltonian-encoding framework for quantum reservoir computing, which addresses trainability, hardware efficiency, and information stability by mapping data onto a fixed Hamiltonian and achieving competitive learning performance on different quantum platforms.
444h agoDiffusion models learn complex distributions in high-dimensional spaces by restricting information, which helps them generalize from a finite training set instead of memorizing it.
444h agoAmorphous indium oxide's high electron mobility comes from extended chains of edge-sharing InO polyhedra, and its structure likely includes O-O peroxide-like bonds that introduce localized states and enhance optical absorption.
444h agoThe QAOA algorithm's final energy on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model shows a non-monotonic dependence on spin, and converges to the Parisi value like log(p)/p for a depth-p QAOA.
444h agoThe mixed-field quantum Ising model on finite-size Erdős-Rényi graphs exhibits a crossover from a localized regime to a chaotic regime and then to an integrable limit as graph connectivity increases.
444h agoQuenched disorder changes the universality classes of critical behaviors in three-dimensional lattice ${\mathbb Z}_2$ gauge Higgs models, with different disorders affecting transition lines in distinct ways.
444h agoA critical boundary exists in the space of shock volatility and inventory holdings, above which the economy absorbs shocks and fluctuates mildly and below which cascading shortages make system-wide crises inevitable.
444h agoQuantum Phase Estimation algorithm inputs, including time evolution, Trotter order, and initial state, determine how the algorithm operates to compute the ground-state energy of a quantum magnet.
444h agoA random magnetic field on a surface changes the boundary conditions of a 3D Ising ferromagnet, introducing a non-trivial "dirty" boundary condition that can be controlled by adjusting disorder strength or local temperature.
444h agoA parallel in-plane magnetic field can distinguish between Wigner crystallization and Anderson localization as causes of the density-tuned 2D metal-insulator transition by affecting the critical density through spin polarization.
444h agoMice with a patient-sourced mutation in GARS1 have motor and sensory nerve deficits, including neuropathy biomarkers, reduced muscle endurance and strength, and impairments in mechanosensation, proprioception, and nociception.
448h agoMesenteric neurons interact with the enteric nervous system, respond to stimuli, and provide functional excitatory inputs to myenteric neurons, and may provide negative feedback to the myenteric plexus during intestinal distension.
448h agoThe brain enhances perception at the location where the eyes are about to move, and it also enhances sensitivity to visual information that is less expected, but these effects work independently.
448h agoChronic pain causes changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications in the brain that are different in males and females but ultimately affect similar genes and pathways.
448h agoAlcohol drinking motives shape how people crave alcohol in real-life situations, with individuals who have similar motives showing similar brain responses and levels of craving when exposed to naturalistic drinking scenarios.
448h agoThe BCCWJ-Brain dataset provides a collection of brain imaging data from 112 native Japanese speakers reading newspaper articles, offering a benchmark for computational models.
448h agoRipple oscillations support learning and memory, and human hippocampal ripples remain distinguishable from aperiodic activity, even when using algorithms that can misread fluctuations.
448h agoThe CA3 recurrent circuit in the hippocampal system consists of two distinct subtypes of pyramidal neurons with different properties and wiring patterns.
448h agoBrain concentrations of 1,3-butanediol (BD) are comparable to or exceed concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) after consuming a ketone monoester supplement, making BD a major fraction of the signal previously attributed to BHB.
448h agoThe A88V mutation of the connexin 30 protein rescues early-onset hearing loss in CD-1 mice by increasing the resistance of the organ of Corti and modifying Deiters cell function.
448h agoA specific interaction between dopamine and a protein called alpha-synuclein drives both the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons and an increase in lifespan in a worm model of Parkinson's disease.
452h agoThe hippocampus uses implicit temporal coding to preserve spatial learning and memory abilities in Alzheimer's disease, despite impaired explicit spatial coding.
452h agoGm16685/MITA1, a long non-coding RNA, regulates astrocyte reactivity by controlling inflammatory gene expression and interacts with the RNA binding protein PCBP2 to contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
452h agoMuscle spindle firing is modulated by gamma motor neurons during movement, allowing the muscle spindle to act as a tunable internal model of muscle state to guide movement.
452h agoORL-1 interacts with Cav1.2, reducing its plasma membrane expression and peak current density without altering its biophysical properties.
452h agoAstrocytic mitochondrial pyruvate import maintains neurotransmitter homeostasis, excitation-inhibition balance, and seizure resistance in the brain by acting as a non-redundant anaplerotic gate.
452h agoHemodynamic correction changes the understanding of cortical dynamics by removing the influence of blood flow and oxygenation changes on brain activity measurements.
452h agoEarly-life adversity changes neural development in rat offspring by altering maternal behaviors, leading to persistent spinal circuit changes and increased pain sensitivity.
452h agoEnhancing slow oscillation power with slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation during a short nighttime sleep period accelerates the restorative properties of sleep and improves memory consolidation during subsequent wakefulness.
452h agoPeople's daily social interactions reflect the structure of their personal social networks, even when interacting with strangers.
452h agoA new framework combines cytological imaging and spatial transcriptomics to improve cell segmentation and reconstruct spatial single-cell transcriptomes.
456h agoThe Dendritic Wave Recurrent Neural Network (DWRNN) improves sequence learning and memory by combining nonlinear dendritic branches with traveling-wave dynamics, outperforming standard wave recurrent neural networks on image-classification benchmarks.
456h agoMyelin proteins change with age and sex, with roughly 30% showing age-related changes, and these changes include an increase in compact myelin structural proteins and a vulnerability in non-compact myelin cytoskeletal proteins.
456h agoFunctional ultrasound imaging can reliably map motor representations in the brain at submillimeter resolution, allowing for the decoding of single-trial movement-correlated neural activity.
460h agoThe laminar organization of cortical dynamics reflects the underlying cell-type architecture, with transcriptomic predictors improving the prediction of spectral composition across twelve macaque cortical regions.
460h agoHigher overnight immune activity leads to a stronger cortisol increase in the morning, suggesting a link between immune system activity and the cortisol awakening response.
460h agoA single dose of oxaliplatin induces spontaneous firing in touch and proprioceptive neurons within 24 hours, originating in peripheral axons and accompanied by enhanced responses to mechanical stimulation.
460h agoAlzheimer's disease causes myelin disruption in cortical grey matter, accompanied by an insufficient oligodendrocyte response, and this damage correlates with tau pathology.
460h agoHuman astrocytes delay neuronal maturation, whereas chimpanzee astrocytes accelerate it, due to evolutionarily reduced APOE expression in human astrocytes.
460h agoVision-language models have reward valuation circuits that parallel those in humans, and disrupting these circuits causes the models to prefer low-effort, low-reward options, mirroring human anhedonia.
468h agoA self-supervised transformer model, STST-JEPA, pretrained on 47,703 EEG sessions, accurately predicts brain age across a wide age range with a mean absolute error of 3.06 years.
468h agoThis review characterizes and classifies different mathematical modeling approaches for biologically plausible neural systems, including spiking models and discrete and continuous analogs.
468h agoThe Lax pairs for classical Painlev\'e equations can be transformed into $2\times 2$ matrix form, leading to a method for obtaining integrals of motion in characteristic $p$.
468h agoDimensionality controls the link between cell-scale forces and tissue-scale transport, with mechanical relaxation rates revealing nonlinear transport phenomena.
468h agoThe spin-current transport term causes anisotropic deformation of localized spin excitations, leading to a transition from two-dimensional lump solutions to a quasi-one-dimensional soliton-like state.
468h agoThe magnetic field transforms areas of incoherence into areas of coherence in a neuronal network, resulting in new phenomena such as multitraveling chimera states and multialternating chimera states.
468h agoHigher-order interactions in nonlinear networks are mathematically equivalent to pairwise connections modulated by latent variables of transmission channels.
468h agoThe out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) for turbulent plasmas are formulated and show that a variational perturbation propagates across scales in turbulent dynamics and affects other functionals over time.
468h agoThe presence of conserved charges makes an observer's measurement record Markovian on a timescale that depends on their knowledge of the total particle number.
468h agoA unified framework for binary-choice dynamics reveals universal rules that apply across different models, connecting them and showing that annealed and quenched disorders have specific roles in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
468h agoInvariant measures for soliton systems described by Mealy automata are formulated and applied to three soliton models, providing conditions for the invariance of Bernoulli product measures and Markov distributions.
468h agoThe thermodynamic cost of reliable propagation of biochemical traveling waves is bounded by the dissipation associated with propagation, which imposes a trade-off among wave speed, inhibitor amplitude, and dissipation.
468h agoA programmable synchronization-graph framework allows modular miniature robots to coordinate locomotion through graph coupling, enabling the emergence of synchronized motion and adaptation to unit loss.
468h agoA nonlinear variant of the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti model induces a net energy flow through biased local collisions, resulting in controllable nonlinear energy transport and the spontaneous formation of traveling energy condensates with robust long-range temporal order.
468h agoA finite duration photonic time crystal slab connects pair generation processes through the time domain Stokes phenomenon, producing four spatially separated and entangled pulse branches.
468h agoKink-antikink collisions in a specific scalar field theory exhibit a complete annihilation regime and a comprehensive fractal pattern of multi-bounce resonance windows, which can be predicted by an effective potential classification scheme.
468h agoKelvin-wave turbulence occurs along a single vortex filament in a classical fluid, driven by six-wave resonant interactions that transfer energy through a weak-turbulence cascade.
468h agoA new theoretical framework analyzes learning dynamics in deep learning by redefining neural network linearity and nonlinearity, and reveals that different transformation modes lead to distinct learning phases and generalization behaviors.
468h agoA framework for mechanochemical self-organization in active solids reveals a rich landscape of symmetry-protected phases and a universal transition to compression-driven oscillation death.
468h agoThe spectrum of an attention head's learned operator encodes its positional scheme, with different schemes corresponding to distinct spectral patterns.
468h agoA conductance-balanced learning framework identifies microscopic disorder mechanisms in coherent conductors from quantum-transport spectra by analyzing the structure of the scattering response.
468h agoThe substitutional alloy SrTi$_{1-x}$V$_x$O$_3$ exhibits a composition-driven metal-insulator transition due to a combination of Mott physics and local chemical disorder.
468h agoDisorder-driven enhancement of pairing arising from quantum geometry promotes superconductivity in a quantum spin Hall insulator, with impurities helping to nucleate Cooper pairing in subgap ring states.
468h agoA multi-fidelity framework optimizes genetic algorithm hyperparameters by integrating different fidelity levels, achieving comparable elastic modulus values with 25% reduced computational cost.
468h agoHyperuniform states are maximally irreversible, with a universal behavior across different systems showing that they have the highest entropy production rate.
468h agoA new learning framework based on a Siamese Neural Network identifies phase transitions in percolation models with high accuracy using only a small amount of labeled data.
468h agoA Boltzmann machine can create a suitable spectral distribution for data, allowing for comparable prediction accuracy to Gaussian distribution methods and enabling creation of new distributions.
468h agoPeriodic twisting of two superimposed square-lattice potentials creates a spatially varying multi-frequency drive that leads to ring-shaped states with non-trivial topological signatures.
468h agoThe growth of entanglement entropy in non-ergodic systems shows a non-monotonic dependence on initial entanglement, peaking for moderately entangled initial states.
468h agoOverparameterization improves learning and generalization in shallow neural networks, and a double descent phenomenon occurs where generalization improves beyond interpolation in the presence of label noise.
468h agoGaussian Mixture Models and non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation have stability guarantees that provide high probability upper bounds on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between estimated and true densities.
468h agoThe free energy of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model has a variance that grows like the logarithm of the system size, and its fluctuations follow a Gaussian distribution.
468h agoA parallel in-plane magnetic field can distinguish between Wigner crystallization and Anderson localization as causes of the density-tuned 2D metal-insulator transition by affecting the critical density through spin polarization.
468h agoThe effectiveness of deep brain stimulation depends on three critical factors: the properties of the stimulated brain cells, the organization of the stimulated brain area, and the connections formed with other brain areas.
468h agoA new test technique measures high-frequency current components in deep brain tissue by applying a voltage pulse and analyzing the responses in the frequency domain.
468h agoA new tracking pipeline called Stars2Cells enables accurate identification of the same neurons across repeated recording sessions, allowing researchers to study changes in neural activity over time.
468h agoPhotoreceptors shift their metabolic and lipid pathways under chronic hypoxic stress to adapt and preserve their integrity.
468h agoA biochemical signal, measured by protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation, decreases exponentially during each sleep bout, tracking sleep history and forecasting the likelihood of waking.
468h agoThe perception of timing over longer durations reflects domain-general neural excitability rather than specialised temporal mechanisms, with neural activity sustaining goal-directed task engagement shaping temporal behaviour.
468h agoThe CICADA Python framework analyzes neurophysiological data in the standardized NWB format, supporting a range of uses from simple, GUI-driven workflows to fully custom pipelines.
468h agoThe timing of eye blinks provides a time-resolved signature of internal attentional focusing in working memory, with blink frequency shifting to reflect when attentional focusing occurs.
468h agoMammals' brain regions duplicate, expand, and diversify, and in primates, some brain areas expand more than others, but still follow a general pattern of organization. or A study of brain connections in marmosets and mice finds that individual brain cells connect to many areas, with primates having more separate connections, but overall brain organization follows a continuous gradient pattern. The second sentence is more informative.
472h agoBehavioural activity in freely moving rats changes EEG readings, causing a power increase in 6-8 Hz and gamma waves, a decrease in delta and beta waves, and altered connectivity in certain brain regions.
472h agoMost smells are complex mixtures of many odor molecules, and their perception can be accurately predicted by a simple linear average of the individual component qualities.
472h agoDrosophila larvae navigate taste gradients by using multiple layers of chemosensory processing and associative learning circuits, including mushroom body neurons, to integrate attractive and aversive taste signals.
472h agoAnalog stimulation in cochlear implants evokes lower activation thresholds and different temporal response properties than pulsatile stimulation, while maintaining comparable spatial selectivity.
472h agoThe coupling between perceptual choices and motor responses affects how past choices influence current choices, with animals showing larger choice-history effects when their choices are coupled with specific motor responses.
472h agoThe e-Music Box Roma is a digital musical instrument that allows people to make music together, regardless of their musical training, and provides a flexible platform for research, therapy, and education.
472h agoA Bayesian adaptive procedure can efficiently estimate an individual's sensory representation, such as color perception, from a series of targeted perceptual discrimination judgments.
472h agoThe study finds that a comprehensive EEG preprocessing pipeline improves the robustness of transformer-based deep learning models in decoding visual EEG signals, while maintaining accuracy and aligning with neurophysiological brain connectivity patterns.
472h agoThe computations performed by neural networks influence their risk of seizure activity, with networks processing continuous information being more susceptible to seizures than those with discrete states.
472h agoSelf-paced visual exploration compresses subjective time, with people who actively scroll through images perceiving time as passing more quickly than those who watch passively or view a static image.
472h agoNociceptin blocks oligodendrocyte maturation and remyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis, and its receptor may offer a target for treating the disease.
472h agoSociosexual interactions drive a species-specific change in daily activity patterns in Drosophila, allowing them to exploit new time windows and coexist with other species.
472h agoSingle-nucleus transcriptomes contain substantial information about Alzheimer's disease pathology, which can be used to predict neuropathological severity with near-perfect accuracy.
472h agoSpinal cord injury leads to a dynamic change in tissue mechanics, with rapid softening followed by progressive stiffening, which regulates post-injury responses and restricts neural regeneration.
476h agoThe habenular circuitry, specifically the basal forebrain input to the lateral habenula, plays a role in compulsive alcohol consumption, with different effects in males and females.
476h agoHERO, a user-friendly workflow, helps turn large whole-brain imaging datasets into meaningful results by selecting, refining, and visualizing cell detection data in a hierarchy-aware way.
476h agoNonhuman primates, specifically rhesus monkeys and baboons, show age-related changes in plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration that are associated with brain atrophy, with different patterns of association between the two species.
476h agoReducing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) through METTL3 inhibition causes microglial senescence and a sustained inflammatory state in human microglia.
476h agoObject representations in the brain are organized by shape, real-world size, and mobility, and these factors independently activate areas that process scenes, with large objects triggering strong activity in additional visual areas.
476h agoQueuosine modification in tRNAs enhances neuronal structural maturation and synaptic activity by facilitating neuronal arborization, decreasing inhibitory synaptic density, and increasing the frequency of spontaneous calcium transients.
476h agoDIPPER, a GPU-accelerated tool, efficiently reconstructs evolutionary trees from tens of millions of genome sequences, extending scalability by one to two orders of magnitude beyond existing tools.
480h agoNEP89, a foundation model for large-scale molecular dynamics, achieves near-quantum-level accuracy and high efficiency across 89 elements and can be rapidly adapted to address complex materials challenges.
480h agoThe study found that sleep patterns vary from night to night, with overall sleep structure being relatively similar but timing being quite variable, and that lower variation in sleep structure is associated with better sleep quality.
480h agoCanagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, provides neuroprotective benefits in female mice at a lower dose, reducing inflammation in the brain, despite females accumulating higher concentrations of the drug.
480h agoPediatric epilepsy patients with comorbidities such as neurocognitive disorder and ADHD can still meaningfully participate in task-based sEEG research despite their conditions.
480h agoEndothelin-1 impairs mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells through parkin-independent mechanisms, leading to different responses in the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell bodies.
480h agoTDP-43 loss in microglia causes myelin defects, oligodendrocyte precursor cell imbalance, and motor deficits in mice by regulating the TREM2-DAP12 signaling.
484h agoSSRIs rapidly amplify the impact of reward outcome and prediction errors on momentary mood and modulate the bidirectional coupling between mood and reward processes in daily life.
484h agoAdversity in childhood and adolescence is linked to changes in brain structure, with different types of adversity affecting grey and white matter in distinct ways.
484h agoLUZP1 couples cytoskeletal acetylation to autophagy in hippocampal neurons, coordinating neuronal morphogenesis and ciliary homeostasis through a pathway that involves CaMKII, HDAC6, and cortactin.
484h agoThe left inferior parietal cortex, along with the retrosplenial and prefrontal cortex, processes overlearned temporal expectations, and brain regions coding these expectations are also involved in episodic retrieval and simulation.
484h agoNewborns' brains process auditory rhythm differently than adults' brains, with newborns' neural responses to rhythm depending on tempo, but adults showing similar sensitivity to rhythm structure at different tempos.
484h agoA new model of Alzheimer's disease shows that human neurons are more vulnerable to tau pathology than mouse neurons, recapitulating key features of the disease, including tau accumulation, neurodegeneration, and memory deficits.
484h agoCortical inhibitory upregulation plays a key role in human neuromaturation, with increased inhibition in high-order brain networks, such as frontoparietal and default mode networks, and less pronounced increases in attention networks.
484h agoMasitinib reaches brain concentrations that can modulate key targets, showing its potential to protect the nervous system in progressive multiple sclerosis.
488h agoPhasic arousal sharpens corrections to a goal by amplifying goal-dependent feedback control and suppressing task-irrelevant responses, allowing for more precise movements.
488h agoTRIM28 gene variants lead to neurodevelopmental delay by disrupting the regulation of transposable elements, causing altered expression of nearby genes during brain development.
488h agoIsotropic ADC-fMRI detects established resting-state networks and grey-to-white matter functional connectivity with a sensitivity that depends on the structural grounding of each network, and offers a more direct window into neural and structural foundations of brain connectivity than BOLD.
488h agoDiscarded visual representations from pose-estimation pipelines can be reused to analyze animal behavior in videos, providing complementary evidence for behavior decoding and recovering sustained behavioral episodes.
488h agoRecurrence in biological vision uses two distinct computational strategies to achieve robustness: a reductionist strategy with generative feedback that denoises and works at moderate noise levels, and an expansionist strategy with discriminative lateral and feedback recurrence that increases dimensionality and requires noise training.
488h agoA new approach proposes governing artificial intelligence agents that learn and adapt by limiting changes to their capabilities and identity through a public registry and signed updates.
492h agoFiner structures of the hippocampus and temporal lobe have lower connectivity in dementia, while areas like the precuneus and insula have higher connectivity.
492h agoA Hierarchical Bayesian Statistical Learning model accurately represents the statistical sequence structure in tone sequences in a similar way as human listeners do.
492h agoInformation Processing Pathway Maps using a Bayesian framework better explain neural data by quantifying evidence for competing computational hypotheses than traditional frequentist approaches.
492h agoObservable performance in adaptive systems does not necessarily reflect their underlying organization, and a new measure of longitudinal viability reveals that distinct latent organizations can produce similar performance under different conditions.
492h agoAntiperiodic orbits in the periodically driven Duffing-Holmes oscillator exist under specific conditions of nonlinearity and symmetry, and these orbits remain invariant under a half-period shift symmetry, locking to the drive only at odd multiples of the forcing period.
492h agoThe generalized Konno--Oono system has infinitely many non-trivial local conservation laws, which establishes its integrability.
492h agoThe Lyapunov spectrum of finite Euler ensembles for Navier-Stokes turbulence reduces to an arithmetic spectral problem, showing that even ensembles with zero winding are unstable with positive Lyapunov exponents, while odd and punctured even ensembles are marginal fixed-mode Lyapunov limits with quantized spectral angles.
492h agoThe wave-kinetic equation describing weak random waves can thermalize to equilibrium states of Rayleigh-Jeans type, despite being integrable, through resonant wave interactions that preserve Fourier space supports.
492h agoShared noisy forecasts of average charging power make communication topology irrelevant in battery storage coordination, as topology-induced variation is masked by the variation caused by forecast noise.
492h agoThe N-elliptic localized solutions of the Foka-Lenells equation are constructed using Weierstrass elliptic functions and the N-fold Darboux-Backlund transformation.
492h agoAwareness regulates collective action by controlling the amount of reinforcement required for adoption, and interacts with social influence to produce discontinuous transitions, bistability, and hysteresis.
492h agoA Bose-Einstein condensate develops turbulent energy transfer to small scales through nonlinear density waves when driven out of equilibrium.
492h agoKerr saturation in nonlinear photonic time crystals reshapes amplification into a soliton train, and a localized perturbation on this unstable background generates a transient breathing event that extracts energy from competing solitons.
492h agoSmall gradient-based perturbations applied to oscillator phases can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks.
492h agoImposing a simplicity bias on classification rules drives agents to develop persistent labeling rules that align with the underlying structure of the data.
492h agoA temperature gradient drives a stochastic lattice gas into a nonequilibrium steady state with robust convection patterns, replacing the usual long-range order with regularly spaced stripe structures.
492h agoAnyonic chains exhibit Yang-Baxter integrability, with some types exhibiting Temperley-Lieb algebras, and new integrable chains are found in several fusion categories.
492h agoScientists develop an unsupervised machine-learning framework that uses Fourier-based preprocessing and a Gaussian mixture model to classify nonequilibrium phases in particle systems.
492h agoThe electron-phonon dephasing in ultrathin disordered metallic films exhibits an exponent that varies with disorder and is not a fixed material constant.
492h agoRandom fractal lattices generate robust power-law entanglement behavior in noninteracting fermions, governed primarily by the Hausdorff dimension, and lead to slow quantum-information spreading.
492h agoA new many-body plasmonic architecture achieves a high collective enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surpassing optimized few-body systems, with a scalable and low-cost method.
492h agoThe Fredrickson-Andersen model with a specific hyperparameter setting shows a phase transition in its unfrozen subsystem at a critical initial packing density, where the giant connected component collapses, and this transition belongs to the same universality class as conventional site percolation.
492h agoPositional disorder in networks coupled by resonant dipole-dipole interaction leads to strong spatial localization of excitations, enabling potential applications in coherent photovoltaics, excitonic circuits, quantum memory, and quantum sensors.
492h agoA parallel in-plane magnetic field can distinguish between Wigner crystallization and Anderson localization as causes of the density-tuned 2D metal-insulator transition by affecting the critical density through spin polarization.
492h agoTopological multicritical points in one-dimensional topological chains have localized edge modes and emerge where distinct gapped and critical phases intersect.
492h agoImposing a simplicity bias on classification rules drives agents to develop persistent labeling rules that align with the underlying structure of the data.
492h agoThe two-replica Chayes-Machta-Redner representation has a structural constraint where the blue subgraph contains at most two infinite connected components, and if two exist, they lie in a common infinite grey cluster with opposite overlap-parity classes.
492h agoThe spectral form factor can be used to generate a phase diagram that shows a critical temperature for the transition from ergodic to localized phase in a disordered Heisenberg spin model.
492h agoCortical ripples in the brain's visual area occur at rest and during visual stimulation, and are accompanied by specific patterns of neuron firing that are consistent across species.
492h agoThe direct entorhinal pathway plays a specific role in detecting novelty in CA1 neurons, enabling the plasticity needed to reorganize spatial firing patterns and prevent interference between memories in different contexts.
492h agoGIPR neurons in different brainstem nuclei control appetite in opposite ways, with GIPR neurons in the area postrema promoting eating and those in the nucleus tractus solitarius reducing eating.
496h agoNeural recordings can accurately track tumor progression in glioma, and changes in neural activity are linked to cancer growth and treatment response.
496h agoA computational model based on a Kalman filter shows that echolocation, a skill used by some blind individuals, works by treating the echolocator as an active sensor that uses echo feedback to refine its internal belief about the target's location.
496h agoAnimals adjust their walking by changing leg movement and turning duration to make turns of different sizes, with visual guidance affecting turn speed and leg coordination.
496h agoMotor cortical stimulation induces long-lasting pain relief by activating endogenous opioidergic signaling, which triggers opioid-peptide-dependent neural plasticity in the brain's pain control pathways.
496h agoThe olfactory sensory neurons encode odor identity through patterns of activity that are shaped by inhalation and the rapid metabolism of odorants, which generates secondary odorants and helps to disambiguate inhaled from internally-generated odors.
496h agoScaleSurfer, a new 3D model, rapidly estimates brain morphometric features, such as volume, cortical thickness, and surface area, from MRI scans, doing so nearly five orders of magnitude faster than current methods.
496h agoSocial interaction has a broad range of unstable postural states arranged in consistent sequences, according to an analysis of naturalistic social behavior in domestic ferrets using the Temporal Mapper tool.
500h agoThe perceptual filling-in of a blank figure on a textured background happens more when the background texture has a cardinal orientation and when the figure's main axis matches the background texture orientation.
500h agoAlzheimer's disease cases with younger onset have higher levels of ubiquitin, while older onset cases have higher levels of total tau, and differences in tau distribution are linked to distinct protein profiles.
504h agoPyramidal neuron synapses in the premotor cortex have properties intermediate between those in the prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex, with tight nanodomain coupling, high release probability, and paired-pulse facilitation.
504h agoHippocampal and amygdalar subregions are embedded in the cortex through structured, spatially organized co-representation with other brain areas, sharing connections with paralimbic areas and default mode regions.
504h agoListeners who categorize speech sounds more consistently and retain more acoustic information have better speech-in-noise perception, which is linked to the neuroanatomical properties of the brain's speech-language and auditory pathways.
504h agoTriplication of the APP gene and apoE expression contribute to Alzheimer's disease brain pathology in adults with Down syndrome by affecting amyloid-beta production and gene expression.
504h agoFrontal cortex neurons communicate with thalamus neurons through direct connections that play a key role in controlling thalamic activity and motor learning.
504h agoEye contact influences perceptual processing in just a few milliseconds, with direct gaze registered from less visual input than averted gaze, even before conscious awareness of the gaze direction.
504h agoHippocampal engrams drive flexible behavior by configuring cortical computations to retrieve a set of stimulus-response mappings, and rapidly reinstating context representations in the medial prefrontal cortex.
504h agoChildren with typical reading skills show brain activity in reward areas when learning new word meanings, but children with dyslexia do not, and this difference may affect reading development.
504h agoVisual brand language captures attention and slows down a person's ability to recognize an object's functional identity.
516h agoBiological neurons use synaptic drive, dendritic conductance, and somatic teaching signals to shape synaptic plasticity across branching dendrites.
516h agoPrecise sound localization relies on microsecond sensitivity to interaural time differences, which can arise from slow neural dynamics through a stable equilibrium of neural population dynamics.
516h agoA new framework infers Hodgkin-Huxley parameters from extracellular measurements, allowing prediction of neural spiking responses to electrical stimulation with 90.6% accuracy using only a few minutes of recording.
516h agoDynamical Similarity Analysis fails to capture topological conjugacy between two dynamical systems if a non-orthogonal basis-transfer matrix is required, and Conjugacy-based Similarity Analysis is formulated to address this limitation.
516h agoQSM and fMRI imaging capture distinct aspects of Parkinson's disease motor severity, with certain imaging features and clinical variables predicting motor severity within a close range.
516h agoModels of complex systems have many parameters that can be adjusted to produce similar activity, and these adjustable parameters form "viable parameter manifolds" that can be mapped to specific system behaviors.
516h agoA geometric framework that analyzes neural interactions through evolving network structures enhances the capacity to uncover neural mechanisms in social behavior.
516h agoGrid cells in the brain encode distance by de-correlating the activity of a population of cells, and this process works best for certain distances, with a trade-off between the range of distances that can be encoded and their distinguishability.
516h agoThe SPIDER framework recovers directed information flow between brain regions from incomplete and asynchronous recordings, revealing brain-wide spontaneous flow and a theta-band hierarchy across species and modality.
516h agoCohort-amortized personalization allows for fast and accurate personalized brain models by sharing a neural density estimator instead of individual neuroimaging data, enabling clinical translation and multi-site collaboration.
516h agoAmyloid beta proteins and cerebrovascular problems reinforce each other, and a model shows that a large amount of amyloid beta proteins is needed to trigger Alzheimer's disease, which can be started by localized reduced blood flow.
516h agoSelf-supervised vision models capture object structure in a human-like manner, and their alignment with human object perception improves with model generations, especially for transformer-based models trained with the DINO objective.
516h agoBioSEN, a new model for bioacoustic signals, matches or exceeds state-of-the-art speech enhancement models in enhancing animal sounds while using less computation.
516h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics with a different average frequency.
516h agoBrain-encoding models do not accurately forecast behavioral engagement, as their predicted neural signals show little correlation with video replay data.
516h agoLocal balance at a junction on a cyclic network does not guarantee transparency; synchronization of path travel times is also required for reflectionless transmission.
516h agoThe study investigates Lie symmetries of the (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation to model gravity waves on a water surface, particularly for head-on collision of oblique waves.
516h agoA sharp upper bound on the densities of finite-gap solutions of the sine-Gordon equation is established based on the finite-dimensional hierarchy.
516h agoPhononic frequency combs' sensitivity to changes in physical parameters is not uniform, and is shaped by primary and secondary detuning, drive amplitude, and relative damping.
516h agoAdaptive information exchange governs the emergence of complexity in a dynamical network, leading to a phenomenon called "complexity condensation" where subsystem complexities become strongly localized.
516h agoA new formulation of the multi-component short pulse equation is proposed, which leads to a practical self-adaptive moving mesh scheme for numerical simulations with high accuracy.
516h agoControlling a system's state is possible by adjusting its interaction network over time using a framework based on nonlinear optimal control.
516h agoThe anti-recurrence plot directly detects a discrete symmetry in the periodically forced Duffing-Holmes oscillator, which supports antiperiodic solutions when dynamically realized.
516h agoThe study examines a coupled nonlinear thermoelastic system with temperature-dependent properties and finds that it can be classified into three principal classes: exponential laws, power laws, and a unified class.
516h agoThe study constructs a partially integrable Kuramoto model using a random graph from network motifs that admit Koopman eigenfunctions and conserved quantities.
516h agoA kinetic model of opinion dynamics shows that selective media influence can steer agents' opinions toward a target opinion on both simulated and real-world social networks.
516h agoThe D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann model achieves second-order accuracy only if cubic velocity terms are neglected, and the choice of equilibrium distribution has no effect on the model's accuracy at second order.
516h agoRealistic excitonic Hamiltonians can exhibit quantum chaos governed by random-matrix universality, with disorder driving a crossover from regular to chaotic dynamics in a van der Waals heterostructure.
516h agoWave chaos increases with less supersymmetry and longer throats, but geodesic motion becomes more regular under these conditions.
516h agoA method for computing reducible, normally hyperbolic, invariant tori with internal quasiperiodic dynamics in autonomous ordinary differential equation systems is presented, which simultaneously determines the corresponding system parameters.
516h agoCells achieve robust output against signal fluctuations through self-regulation by dynamically relating gene-regulatory networks and upstream signal transducers.
516h agoModels of complex systems have many parameters that can be adjusted to produce similar activity, and these adjustable parameters form "viable parameter manifolds" that can be mapped to specific system behaviors.
516h agoA class of non-Hermitian quantum systems can be solved exactly using the Wei-Norman approach, allowing for closed analytical forms of the evolution operator matrix elements.
516h agoA single institutional agent discovers a predatory strategy that produces 8-11 cycles of market manipulation over 2000 trading days, resulting in a total portfolio return of up to 51%.
516h agoThe three-dimensional Euler-Helmholtz equations have a Lax representation that reveals hidden integrable structures and provides a framework for analysis.
516h agoThe fuzzy disjunctive normal form (FDNF) extension of elementary cellular automaton (ECA) rules to the unit cube smooths high-contrast patterns and restricts dynamics, but generalized FDNF rules with certain transformations can recover ECA-like patterns, induce new regimes, and provide a bridge from Boolean to fuzzy and continuous-state dynamics.
516h agoThe Riccati equation's integrability has a sufficient and necessary condition that is established using the elementary quadrature method.
516h agoThe Purwins model reveals a range of spatiotemporal structures, including localized standing and traveling waves, wall-attached spots, and domain-filling patterns, associated with a subcritical Hopf bifurcation.
516h agoThe thermodynamic efficiency of nonequilibrium systems maximises at phase transitions, and thermodynamic efficiency and inferential efficiency diverge out of equilibrium.
516h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics with a different average frequency.
516h agoA new framework based on a generalized phase allows for analyzing synchronization dynamics in weakly coupled limit-cycle oscillators without needing to reconstruct isochrons, and provides a method to infer coupling from oscillatory time series.
516h agoThe long-time asymptotics of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions show a plane wave as the leading term in each transition region, with a first nontrivial correction of order $t^{-1/3}$.
516h agoThe Dicke model explains the transition from a normal to a superradiant phase and plays a central role in studying collective light-matter interactions, chaos, and quantum phase transitions.
516h agoIntegrable spin Calogero-Moser type systems are generalised using representation theory of Cherednik algebras, extending earlier work on non-symmetric configurations of potential singularities.
516h agoChaos in a system is crucial for uniquely identifying its governing equations from a finite set of observations, and systems chaotic on their entire domain or on a strange attractor can be discoverable from a single trajectory.
516h agoA bio-inspired 3D flocking algorithm allows drones to interact with a minimal set of neighbors to generate multiple collective phases, enabling rapid responses to external disturbances and reliable recovery.
516h agoThe study links response theory, pullback measures, and optimal fingerprinting to predict the impact of forcings on time-dependent systems and attribute observed anomalies to these forcings.
516h agoTrajectory-based information entropy can complement the largest Lyapunov exponent in diagnosing chaos in gravitational systems, and it may better capture changes in global phase-space mixing.
516h agoThe conditional-mean barrier limits the accuracy of deterministic surrogates in prediction tasks, causing them to miss relevant variability, and a diagnostic framework combining residual-feature orthogonality and effect-size diagnostics can identify this limitation.
516h agoNeural networks' ability to generalize improves as their capacity increases, even with more parameters than training data points, due to a phase transition in the training process.
516h agoThe smallest network size where a graph is better described by communities than no partition is 42 nodes under a degree-corrected model and 1095 nodes under a plain Bernoulli model.
516h agoRealistic excitonic Hamiltonians can exhibit quantum chaos governed by random-matrix universality, with disorder driving a crossover from regular to chaotic dynamics in a van der Waals heterostructure.
516h agoCells achieve robust output against signal fluctuations through self-regulation by dynamically relating gene-regulatory networks and upstream signal transducers.
516h agoContinuous measurement of a quasiperiodic free-fermion chain causes fluctuations in local particle number to change from a uniform to a nonuniform spatial pattern, depending on the strength of the measurement.
516h agoCavity loss and atomic spontaneous emission have different effects on many-body quantum chaos in cavity quantum electrodynamics with ultracold fermions.
516h agoA computational framework combining density functional theory, machine learning, and thermodynamics identifies promising entropy-stabilized oxide candidates by predicting their stability and providing guidance for experimental searches.
516h agoSubproblem design for sequential optimization with Ising machines should consider semantic and geometric structures inherited from the current solution, not just subproblem size.
516h agoIncreasing the beam voltage suppresses Coulomb phase noise only up to a finite relativistic floor, where the Coulomb environment affects the mutual coherence and small-angle scattering of relativistic electron matter waves.
516h agoThe purification time of an initially mixed state in a system of spin-1/2 particles with noisy interactions is always exponentially long in the system size, even at a large measurement rate.
516h agoThe energy landscapes of jammed soft spheres have smooth basins of attraction with well-defined length scales, not fractal structures as previously claimed.
516h agoA new method combines simulations and neural networks to predict how particles interact through hydrodynamic and phoretic forces, enabling full simulations of large systems.
516h agoObject-location memory mainly activates the fusiform gyri and parahippocampal cortices in healthy adults, and this brain activity changes with age, with older adults showing reduced activity in some areas and increased activity in others.
520h agoKOR expressed on spinal neurons inhibits acute pain by reducing the release of pain-promoting neuropeptides.
520h agoGlia, not neurons, drive sickness behavior, including sleep, by changing their gene activity and signaling to neurons through a network that involves octopaminergic signaling and gap junctions.
520h agoSemicircular canal function is reduced in microgravity, with a decrease in vestibulo-ocular reflex gain during horizontal and vertical rotations, and this reduction persists after return to normal gravity in the horizontal plane.
524h agoPeople without visual imagery, called aphantasics, perform worse than people with visual imagery in face recognition tasks that are especially demanding.
524h agoSerotonergic neurons marked by the Tryptophan hydroxylase neuronal enhancer control a satiety-like state by acting through the sugar transporter Sut2 to sense nutrient state.
524h agoAudiovisual cues paired with wins lead people to make riskier choices in a gambling task, and this effect may be driven by the emotional impact of these cues rather than altered perception of risk or value.
524h agoThe brain's temporal regions encode the progression of time during decision-making, specifically when an active decision is made to end a task.
524h agoScientists grow hypothalamic cells in a lab dish to study their development.
528h agoAlzheimer's disease is linked to changes in glycosylation.
528h agoCerebrospinal fluid flows through a route in the brain where arteries and veins overlap, allowing for the shunting of fluid and large molecules.
528h agoThe brain clears waste through a newly discovered pathway that helps remove toxic proteins.
528h agoPrefrontal engrams of long-term fear memory perpetuate pain perception.
528h agoNeuropixels use light to gather information about brain activity.
528h agoLearning refines the primary motor cortex activity into a distinct representation of active grasp maintenance, which is a key neural substrate of learned dexterous behavior.
528h agoThe brain transforms sensory evidence into actions by using a network of areas, led by the frontal eye field, to encode abstract categories and guide decisions.
528h agoMales have a higher ratio of brain metabolites N-acetylaspartate to creatine than females, indicating a sex difference in brain metabolism that could be relevant for conditions like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
528h agoBrain2voice 2.0, a new brain-computer interface decoder, synthesizes highly intelligible voice from neural signals in real-time, achieving a word error rate of 5.24% when tested with human listeners.
528h agoDeeper states of meditation are associated with a higher brain signal-to-noise ratio, which means the brain more clearly and faithfully processes sensory information and reduces background noise.
528h agoA supervised convolutional neural network classifier accurately identifies ABR peaks with over 95% accuracy across sound levels and frequencies.
528h agoDoc2 and Syt7 proteins regulate network activity in the hippocampal CA3 subfield by controlling CA3 burst generation, and their absence leads to increased burst generation.
532h agoDopamine signals help initiate sequences of actions in naturally learned skills, and are needed to maintain these skills over time.
532h agoThe brain suppresses the response to expected sensory events and reduces their representational fidelity, which helps with efficient processing and allows for high-fidelity encoding of unexpected events.
532h agoBehavior shapes cortical network dynamics differently across frequencies and signal types, with low-frequency and hemodynamic activity persisting based on behavior and higher-frequency activity staying stable but changing with behavioral states.
532h agoGlial purinergic signaling converts neuronal hypoactivity into local circuit regulation through a mechanism where astrocytes release ATP, which then directs microglial process movement and stabilizes bulbous endings.
536h agoPresynapses modulate spontaneous transmission frequency during early synaptic plasticity through changes in synaptic vesicle pool structure, which is altered in the presence of tau leading to degeneration.
536h agoThe prefrontal cortex is organized into a mix of large-scale gradients and fine-grained functional subdivisions that vary significantly from person to person.
536h agoEarly postnatal oxytocin administration prevents spatial memory deficits and hippocampal impairments caused by neonatal maternal separation in male rats.
536h agoTrauma exposure in adolescents leads to lower glutamate modulation in the brain during emotional processing, which affects cognitive control.
536h agoIschemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation have different levels of 12 circulating proteins, including higher levels of NTproBNP and lower levels of coagulation-related proteins, compared to those with carotid atherosclerosis.
536h agoPain on one side of the body increases the perceived effort to perform simple actions on the other side, likely due to the cognitive cost of processing the pain rather than changes in brain or nerve function.
536h agoChronic cocaine use triggers lasting changes in brain function that increase the likelihood of relapse during abstinence, with changes in gene regulation in certain brain cells playing a key role in this process.
536h agoThe insecticide emamectin benzoate suppresses female insect fertility by blocking ovulation, not by disrupting egg development, through a specific neural target in a set of octopaminergic neurons.
536h agoA high-fat diet increases activity of protein kinase C delta, leading to enhanced tonic GABAergic inhibition in cardiac projecting neurons, which contributes to reduced cardiac vagal motor output and progression of cardiovascular disease.
536h agoPiezo2 refines the neural circuits that control eye movements in response to motion, ensuring that horizontal and vertical movements are not confused.
540h agoTau pathology causes region-specific changes in synaptic function and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, leading to a "metaplastic" state that disrupts normal synaptic plasticity.
540h agoThe hippocampal proteome of LOU/c/Jall rats shows a structured remodeling of mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteostatic and synaptic systems associated with cognitive longevity, which is directionally opposed to changes seen in Alzheimer's disease.
540h agoThe transferrin receptor-antibody binding mode affects how antibodies cross into the brain to deliver treatments for neurological disorders, with specific binding features influencing how well antibodies bind, are broken down, and respond to pH changes.
540h agoKOR-mediated inhibition of aPVT neurons mediates morphine withdrawal, anxiety, and cue-induced fear in both sexes, and contributes to KOR agonist-induced aversion only in males.
540h agoNeonatal resting-state functional connectivity, especially in sensory and multisensory pathways, is associated with later variation in autism scores at 18 months.
540h agoBlocking oxytocin receptors in newborn rats leads to lasting pain hypersensitivity, cognitive deficits, and changes in spinal cord molecules that are similar to those caused by early life stress.
560h agoThe hierarchy of supported modules (HSM) method effectively captures the spatiotemporal features of abnormal brain states, such as erroneous behaviors, from neural data.
560h agoAutism is associated with smaller gray and white matter volume in widespread brain regions, including the cortex, subcortex, cerebellum, and major brain tracts.
560h agoInhibitory activity and topology have distinct functions in regulating hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, with activity governing emergence and dynamics, and topology determining spatial organization and autonomy.
560h agoA new method estimates the progress of proofreading edits in brain tissue reconstruction, allowing data owners to predict and budget the necessary edits for meaningful scientific analyses.
560h agoAlpha-Synuclein aggregates associated with Parkinson's disease have a more stable structure than physiological aggregates and remain detectable even when diluted.
560h agoShort-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria impact microglial function in a metabolite- and sex-specific manner, with butyrate having the strongest effect by regulating microglial histone acetylation and blunting inflammation.
560h agoThe ischemic penumbra has a distinct metabolic profile, marked by preserved high-energy phosphates, lactate accumulation, and reduced succinate accumulation, and shows selective induction of immediate-early genes.
560h agoIncreasing the amplitude of visual stimulation in virtual reality increases postural oscillation and coherence, but decreases gain, with a 2-degree amplitude eliciting the largest gain and coherent postural responses.
560h agoThe brain represents emotional valence as a bipolar continuum, from negative to positive, in multiple regions, including both traditional emotion centers and other areas, during naturalistic experiences like listening to narratives.
560h agoA self-supervised framework learns structure and connectivity in dense connectomes, enabling the discovery of neuronal identity and organisation with minimal human intervention.
560h agoMicroglial hypoactivity, caused by the MAPT-S305N variant, impairs their ability to respond to pathogenic stimuli, contributing to neuronal vulnerability and susceptibility in tauopathy diseases.
560h agoThe locus coeruleus noradrenaline system guides the formation of optimal decision strategies and controls impulsive action, with sex-specific effects on motor impulsivity in females.
572h agoThe mammalian brain achieves fast and reliable escape from threats through high intrinsic excitability of dorsal periaqueductal gray neurons, which transforms sparse synaptic input into a rapid and uniform escape command.
572h agoSubcellular localization of proteins plays a primary role in determining vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease, with changes in protein localization and abundance patterns in specific cellular compartments contributing to disease progression.
576h agoESCRT protein dysregulation contributes to Motor Neurone Disease (MND) pathogenesis by disrupting autophagic flux, TDP-43 regulation, and extracellular vesicle biogenesis.
576h agoCells with altered huntingtin protein, including those with long repeats or knockout, can still develop into various brain cell types, but show changes in protein markers and characteristics.
576h agoThe brain areas ACC and OFC use different codes to represent value, with ACC encoding value in a common format that generalises across training history and OFC coding being more context-dependent.
584h agoThalamocortical connections mature at different rates and to different extents across various thalamic nuclei, with sensory-projecting nuclei maturing earlier and association-projecting nuclei maturing more slowly.
584h agoEarly life stress causes persistent changes in how male rats process feedback on a reversal learning task, leading to increased responsivity to feedback and biased decision-making.
584h agoFlexible coordination among frontal, parietal, and thalamic systems supports complex reasoning, with specific circuit adaptations in these regions enabling the processing of increasingly complex relational problems.
584h agoBody-brain periodicities and spontaneous behaviors follow a unified scaling law in a natural logarithmic frequency space, coordinating complex interactions across biological and behavioral timescales.
584h agoExpectations shape neural population activity in the auditory forebrain, guiding categorization of sensory signals by increasing similarity between responses to signals in the same category and pre-positioning population activity for rapid, accurate behavioral outcomes.
584h agoRestrictive diets during lactation impair maternal care and increase impulsivity in mothers, and these behavioral changes are linked to an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain.
584h agoSox1ot/SOX1-OT, a brain-enriched lncRNA, regulates astrocyte function by constraining a p53-dependent cell-cycle program, and its downregulation in Alzheimer's disease impairs astrocyte support functions.
584h agoTemporal order memory relies on dynamic ERK2-MKP3 signaling in the prefrontal cortex, which enables the discrimination of events according to when they occurred.
584h agoGoal-directed learning involves specific changes in mPFC intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, including increased pERK signaling and a shift towards excitatory synaptic inputs.
584h agoOlder adults have overexaggerated neural tracking of speech in quiet and greater noise-related reductions in speech processing than younger adults.
584h agoThe WAVE regulatory complex controls microglial migration, and its specific protein regions can be targeted by drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease.
584h agoThe bed nucleus of the anterior commissure (BAC) links emotional and spatial-orientation networks to coordinate responses to looming threats, and PACAP neurons in the BAC play a key role in this process.
584h agoNeurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's share a common vascular dysfunction signature in brain cells, but also have disease-specific changes in cell populations and communication networks.
584h agoDecision effects emerge early in the brain and influence sensory regions, rather than being guided by a feedforward cortical hierarchy, when people make choices based on subtle sensory cues.
584h agoPrenatal hypoxia-ischemia alters sensory development, causes pain sensitivity, anxiety-like behavior, and changes the distribution of pain-sensing nerve fibers in the spinal cord of rabbit kits.
584h agoThe 329HHK331 region determines the AD-like C-shaped protofilament fold and affects tau seeding.
584h agoDehydration-based tissue-clearing works through specific chemical and physical principles, and a new pipeline using these principles enables large-volume imaging of intact organs with high resolution.
588h agoConnexin 43 plays a channel-independent role in the nucleus of microglia during brain development, restraining proinflammatory gene programs and preventing neurotoxicity.
588h agoBlocking 5-HT2A receptors with certain drugs increases conditioned fear and impairs fear extinction in mice, with effects varying depending on the specific drug and dosage used.
588h agoDesiccation stress triggers a neural circuit that helps Drosophila larvae seek humid environments by suppressing sensory transmission in specific neurons, mediated by the interaction between the GPI-anchored protein Bero and the neuropeptide receptor AstC-R2.
588h agoAge-related decline in sustained attention is linked to two separate pathways: deterioration of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, a key white-matter tract, and accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology.
588h agoThe P-DOpE probe enables months-long recordings of brain activity and allows for optogenetic manipulation and multimodal readout, revealing that increased spiking activity in CA1 amplifies noradrenergic signaling evoked by contextual arousal.
592h agoPreconception ethanol exposure causes changes in offspring that depend on which parent was exposed, the offspring's sex, and the tissue, leading to metabolic and immune dysfunction.
592h agoHeterogeneous tuning in cortical populations improves coding performance, allowing for better discrimination and detection, and is likely to evolve as a result of optimization under metabolic constraints.
592h agoError-related theta brain activity synchrony increases with age from 10 to 14 years and is linked to better post-error attentional control.
592h agoMouse saccades are guided by both visual input and internal representations, and are part of a cognitively modulated active sampling strategy, not just reflexive gaze corrections.
596h agoDisruptions in somatosensory processing are present in early stages of cognitive decline, with people with cognitive impairment showing exaggerated gamma sensory gating and abnormal oscillatory responses compared to healthy older adults.
596h agoAge shapes the affective consequences of chronic repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, but not the cognitive consequences, with older mice showing increased anxiety-related behavior but not worsened spatial memory deficits.
596h agoThe brain stores information through trapped ions in the myelin layers surrounding axons, using a process involving quantum tunneling and electromagnetic fields to record and retain data.
596h agoNondual meditation practice changes self-representation and increases integration of brain networks, with expert meditators showing greater integration of functional networks and altered neural patterns.
596h agoThe lncRNA NORAD plays a role in regulating tau aggregation through the pumilio pathway, and its dysregulation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases including tauopathy.
600h agoIn a new humanized mouse model, human microglia interact with human neurons and astrocytes to show that microglia can control neuron resilience in tau-associated neurodegeneration.
600h agoOrganoid intelligence represents a new frontier for computing inspired by the human brain.
604h agoSome immunosuppressive drugs hinder the growth of nerve cells, and choosing the right one can improve the integration of neural grafts and axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury repair.
604h agoCognitive flexibility is linked to lower dogmatism and dependence on routines in young adults, and certain brain connectivity properties predict cognitive flexibility and dogmatism in both young and older adults.
604h agoIndirect tactile signals transmitted through an artificial limb can be discriminated and mapped to support spatial localisation of touch on the artificial body part.
604h agoMitochondrial N-acetylaspartate synthesis acts as a thermodynamic relief valve for mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase under low-oxaloacetate conditions in neuronal mitochondria.
604h agoCognitive segmentation and semantic integration jointly shape how syntactic structures are formed when describing causal events, with coarse-grained segmentation leading to compact structures and fine-grained segmentation leading to varied multi-clausal expressions.
604h agoHeat stroke causes a biphasic metabolic response, including an acute disruption of serotonin and reduced neuroprotective capacity, and a chronic activation of the kynurenine pathway with depletion of central serotonin metabolites.
604h agoThe superior colliculus plays a key role in sensory decision-making by encoding and shaping behavioural performance during a whisker-dependent sensory detection task.
604h agoThe brain alters the neural representation of speech in noise in a frequency- and modulation-specific manner, with the statistics of the background noise affecting the encoding of speech independently of the acoustic signal-to-noise ratio.
604h agoThe diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index measurements are strongly influenced by the choice of region-of-interest, ventricular shape, and surrounding tissue structure.
604h agoThe primary somatosensory cortex participates in the action observation network, with neurons modulating their firing during action observation, and most showing congruent activity during both action execution and observation.
604h agoEye movements and pupil size change with the level of difficulty in speech comprehension, reflecting both engagement and disengagement of listening effort.
604h agoBrain network dynamics are constrained by a static structural connectome, but still manage to unfold on several timescales through infra-slow fluctuations in network engagement that arise from a common underlying dynamical motif.
604h agoIntrinsic lateral olivocochlear neurons become more excitable with age, producing more spikes for a given stimulus due to changes in potassium currents.
604h agoEEG responses to natural speech can be largely predicted by models based on acoustic and linguistic speech features, but not all variance in brain activity can be explained by these features.
604h agoThe auditory forebrain is required for sensory song learning in both male and female zebra finches, with ERK signaling necessary for both sexes and mTOR signaling sex-specific.
604h agoAcetylcholine released from parabrachial neurons plays a critical role in facilitating conditioned flavour avoidance learning by activating central amygdala neurons and enhancing their responsivity.
604h agoThe medial entorhinal cortex network is organised by cell type and theta dependency, with grid cells strongly connected to inhibitory interneurons, and this organisation plays a central role in building spatial maps.
604h agoContraction bias in pitch perception is caused by decision biases based on the context, rather than sensory biases.
604h agoListeners with more consistent categorization of sounds have better understanding of speech in noise, and this is linked to more stable neural processing of speech at both the cortical and subcortical levels.
604h agoInfant-like curiosity and brain-like biophysical constraints jointly drive the emergence of complex neuronal architectures and cognitive abilities.
604h agoHuman intracortical neuro-motor skill acquisition for intended typing involves shared bilateral population-level dynamics, with additional changes selectively expressed in the dominant dorsal premotor cortex.
604h agoPOGZ regulates brain development by preventing heterochromatinization and maintaining 3D genome architecture, thereby preserving neuronal gene transcription.
604h agoAstrocyte dysfunction in deep cortical layers of the brain is a key feature of major depressive disorder, influencing local brain microenvironments and circuit function.
604h agoThe brain represents progress toward a goal during navigation through a mechanism involving the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA1, which encodes spatial progress along a start-to-goal axis.
604h agoThe basal ganglia and thalamus show a basic organization of subcortico-cortical loops at birth, with somatomotor networks larger in neonates than in children and adults, and a development pattern where sensorimotor networks are stronger in neonates and association networks are stronger in older groups.
604h agoThe KCC2 cotransporter is regulated through a complex interplay of BDNF-TrkB and NMDAR signaling pathways, which act synergistically to modulate KCC2 function and expression through distinct Ca2+ signalling modes.
604h agoWakeful rest after learning does not enhance associative memory performance more than a distraction task, and neither slow oscillation power nor alpha power during rest correlate with memory performance.
604h agoTactile motion perception is governed by multiple sources of landmark timing uncertainty, which can be separated into two additive components: an amplitude-dependent component and an amplitude-independent component.
608h agoTMS-evoked potentials reflect region-specific properties of brain networks, with occipital areas showing large amplitude and long latency, and frontal areas showing fast recurrent dynamics.
608h agoThe evolution of body plans drives motor behavior diversity through a common framework of spinal interneuron regionalization that links developmental patterning, circuit architecture, and motor function.
608h agoTrained neural networks use structured transient dynamics near dynamical bifurcations to implement temporal computation through evolution of activity along a dynamical scaffold, rather than convergence to fixed points.
608h agoAstrocytes in the medial habenula show sex-dependent morphological differences that are altered by metabolic stress, peripheral inflammation, and central manipulations.
608h agoThe direction of the current used in 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation determines its aftereffects on cortical excitability.
608h agoHumans strategically blink when moving their head to minimize information loss, with blink probability increasing with head movement speed and peaking during head movements.
608h agoEEG data reveals differences in brain activity that align with reported pain levels and can serve as objective markers for evaluating the severity of dentine hypersensitivity.
608h agoObjects in a scene help people recognize the scene, especially when the scene is hard to see, by providing clues about the scene's layout.
608h agoChess expertise improves rule-guided flexibility and visual working memory precision in adolescents, as shown by better performance in tasks that require adapting to changing rules and remembering facial expressions.
608h agoPrior light exposure with full-spectrum light improves higher-order cognition and mood, making people more efficient at learning and less prone to taking risks.
608h agoIncreasing environmental complexity in a task reveals a new layer of learning in mice, where they reorganize their search strategy rather than refining sensorimotor details.
608h agoMelanin-based scattering imaging enables stable and high-throughput whole-brain imaging of genetically defined cell populations without photobleaching.
608h agoAlzheimer's disease causes the brain's visual representations to become less independent, leading to confusion between different features, which in turn affects behavioral choices.
608h agoBrain-encoding models do not predict which moments of a video people will re-watch, with their predicted neural signals showing no correlation with re-watch behavior.
612h agoA framework based on Minimum-Distortion Embedding with a cosine metric effectively captures changes in neuronal population activity during development and after stimulation.
612h agoA computational framework models how humans adapt to different gravitational environments, predicting changes in brain activity, heart rate, and motor control.
612h agoBursting behavior in developing neural networks originates at a small number of locations and propagates as waves of activity.
612h agoThe wiring and weights of a neural circuit largely determine its overall dynamical properties, but the exact placement of synapses specifically controls the routing of input and the identity of dominant driving modes.
612h agoSelf-supervised learning can occur through a new form of predictive coding called meta-representational predictive coding (MPC), which learns to predict representations of input across parallel streams in a neurobiologically plausible framework.
612h agoThe human eye is constantly in low amplitude motion during fixation, but the brain stabilizes the visual image, allowing people to perceive stable objects as stable and moving objects as moving.
612h agoEmergent properties arise in systems with many interacting parts, exhibiting characteristics such as universality, complexity, and self-organisation, and understanding emergence requires bridging the gap between macroscopic properties and microscopic interactions.
612h agoHuman imagination networks have similar structures across different populations, but large language models fail to replicate this structure, likely because they lack embodied experience.
612h agoThe maximal amplitude of finite-gap solutions of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is the sum of the imaginary parts of the upper-half-plane square roots of the roots of the invariant polynomial.
612h agoPhonons interact differently with a static kink depending on the lattice spacing, with the kink being nearly transparent for weak discreteness but strongly reflecting phonons for strong discreteness.
612h agoEquations can admit Lax pairs that do not encode the expected integrable structure, and compatibility underdetermines the Lax representation, leading to anomalous pairs that are regular features of the landscape.
612h agoThe asymptotic density of diploid Elementary Cellular Automata depends on the degree of mixing between two rules, and its relationship can be classified into six distinct classes.
612h agoLattice geometry determines the large-scale morphology of modular Laplacian automata, and sparse ternary interventions can redirect binary evolution toward denser configurations.
612h agoThe inverse scattering transform combined with weak-form system identification methods discovers effective soliton dynamics directly from observed scattering data.
612h agoThe elastic modulus of one-dimensional quantum droplets depends on both the interaction strength and particle number, approaching a limiting value determined by the interaction strength as the particle number increases.
612h agoThe flow driven by Kolmogorov forcing exhibits a sequence of regimes, from buoyancy-dominated to nearly isotropic turbulent, as stratification weakens, with distinct characteristics in each regime.
612h agoThe sandpile model's avalanche size distribution on complex networks is reshaped by dissipation, clustering, and sparse connectivity, leading to exponential cutoffs and changes in scaling behavior.
612h agoIntegrable Yang-Baxter quantum circuits with open boundary conditions and arbitrary geometries are fully classified based on a general mapping that determines circuit gates arrangement using two types of staggered inhomogeneities and system size.
612h agoA new design for an electronic neuron has been proposed, constructed as a circuit implementation of a phase-locked loop system, which is simple to implement and can describe not only single neurons but also small neural circuits.
612h agoThe third moment of the multifractal spectrum of harmonic measure for diffusion-limited aggregates is linked to the fractal dimension of the cluster, and the universal amplitude of the third moment is also connected to the cluster fractal dimension.
612h agoNew families of classical stochastic dynamics stabilize order in two and higher dimensions without symmetry, and have fluctuation-stabilized order that becomes fragile in larger dimensions.
612h agoAdaptive learning in games with many players often does not converge to a stable state, even when each player has only two options.
612h agoNeural Quantum States accurately capture physical observables because they encode internal representations of physical information that correlate with and causally affect these observables.
612h agoA new computational methodology called vitriflow generates amorphous materials models by explicitly controlling numerical settings and other factors, producing reproducible and defect-free ensembles.
612h agoA minimum network size of around 35 nodes is required for a simple ring-shaped network to be divided into two communities, rather than remaining unpartitioned.
612h agoReducing the thickness of ultra-thin films to a few nanometers increases electrical resistivity, and a new theory explains this change with an exponential increase in resistivity as thickness decreases.
612h agoQuantum reservoir computing's predictive performance comes at a thermodynamic cost, with a fundamental trade-off between optimal predictive capacity and informational dissipation.
612h agoThe free energy of the Sherrington--Kirkpatrick spin glass model at a critical temperature has a variance that grows like the logarithm of the system size.
612h agoA new method matches target mechanical properties of alloys by directly designing their structure using gradient descent, allowing for faster and more accurate optimization than traditional methods.
612h agoDisorder in monolayer graphene can induce superconductivity, allowing a large density of low-energy states to emerge and enabling global phase coherence.
612h agoProximal Wavefunction Optimization (PWO) improves the stability and convergence of neural quantum states for approximating quantum many-body wavefunctions.
612h agoThe variance of a linear spectral statistic for random quantum graphs matches that of the Gaussian Orthogonal/Unitary Ensemble in the large graph limit on polynomial mesoscopic scales.
612h agoThe Rosenzweig-Porter-type model reveals that the localization properties of eigenvectors and the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis change as the coupling constant increases.
612h agoQuantum many-body chaos emerges as integrability is broken through a tunable parameter, leading to a crossover from early-time integrable behaviour to late-time chaos.
612h agoTopological defects in amorphous solids correlate with soft spots, plastic rearrangements, yielding, and shear-band formation, providing a new perspective on the microscopic origins of plasticity in disordered materials.
612h agoA framework based on Minimum-Distortion Embedding with a cosine metric effectively captures changes in neuronal population activity during development and after stimulation.
612h agoA new algorithm, qReduMIS, uses a quantum computer to help find large independent sets in graphs by informing classical reduction logic about which vertices are likely to be in those sets.
612h agoFluctuations restore ergodicity and replace a sharp mode-coupling transition with a smooth crossover, and a systematic extension of mode-coupling theory incorporating these fluctuations matches an effective theory for $\beta$-relaxation.
612h agoA run-and-tumble particle confined in a harmonic trap reaches a nonequilibrium steady state, characterized by a persistence-controlled shape transition at a certain distance from the origin, and its distribution can be described by closed-form expressions.
612h agoA cryptographic scheme based on discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs enables reliable message recovery in the absence of eavesdropping, but induces disturbances that disrupt the periodic reconstruction mechanism when intercepted.
612h agoA continuous time quantum walk on a random comb graph with infinite teeth gets trapped in a finite region with a nonzero probability.
612h agoLack of laminin-2 protein leads to congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscle weakness and early onset of fibrosis due to changes in genes driving myofibroblast transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix remodelling.
620h agoRepetition of new information changes how it is stored in memory, from active and detailed to a more passive form.
620h agoSerotonin and dopamine have different effects on reinforcement learning, and distinct neural markers can be identified for these effects using a five-task EEG battery.
620h agoThe control of visually-guided reaching uses two independent pathways to process visual information about hand and target position to make online corrections.
620h agoNeuronal stimulation triggers two programs of gene translation: a rapid wave to translate factors for synapse remodeling and neuropeptides, and a delayed program that upregulates translation of protein synthesis machinery.
624h agoKv2.1/Kv8.2 channels help regulate fluid balance in the outer retina by controlling potassium efflux, which in turn affects water movement into the subretinal space.
624h agoAge-related changes in shared neural variability are region-specific and affect how neurons interact during perceptual decision-making, with ageing reshaping the profile and stimulus-dependent regulation of shared variability across different brain regions.
624h agoPrimate cervical spinal cord activity displays low-dimensional alternating population patterns during wrist movements, unlike the rotational dynamics seen in motor cortex activity.
624h agoA new framework combines neural activity and behavior to uncover hidden brain states, overcoming challenges of sparse and correlated neural data to provide stable estimates of brain activity patterns.
624h agoNumerosity adaptation is mediated by multiple narrow chromatic channels that categorize items by color, and the effectiveness of these channels depends on individual differences in color sensitivity.
624h agoEmpathy influences social conformity in decision-making, with effects on decision bias, evidence accumulation, and conservatism that vary with individual traits and physiological responses.
624h agoA new open-access dataset of brain and physiological recordings in expert Jhana meditators provides insights into meditation states characterised by self-reinforcing bliss.
624h agoFunctional ultrasound imaging of cerebral blood volume correlates with hemoglobin levels and neuronal activity in awake mice.
624h agoModulating neural oscillations with image stimulus parameters can be done in a closed-loop using non-invasive electroencephalography, and optimized stimuli can even work for new people.
624h agoPrenatal exposure to cannabidiol (CBD) and THC leads to changes in brain function and behavior in adult mouse offspring, with distinct effects in males and females.
624h agoVisual experience is not needed for development and maintenance of refined receptive fields in visual cortical neurons of nocturnal and crepuscular species, but is required for normal visual processing circuitry in diurnal mammals.
624h agoKLF4 overexpression enables late retinal progenitor cells to change into cells with properties of retinal ganglion cells by altering their gene expression and chromatin structure.
624h agoThis review integrates computational approaches to provide a unified view on how data analysis methods, biophysical mechanistic models, and machine learning approaches help uncover the origins and functions of neural timescales.
628h agoThe brain reduces its energy cost for specific tasks after learning, and this decrease in energy use is linked to changes in how brain cells consume glucose.
628h agoThe premotor language area (PML) in the premotor cortex contains a hierarchical organization of speech representations, from basic acoustic features to high-level semantic information, similar to the organization found in the temporal auditory regions.
628h agoSurface-based models provide greater spatial precision for understanding brain alterations related to disorders, and a new toolkit for 3D brain geometry analysis helps integrate multisite data and identify illness-related brain markers.
628h agoSex, familiarity, and social hierarchy modulate volitional social behavior in rats, and the subthalamic nucleus plays a direct role in regulating social motivation.
628h agoThe amygdala's wiring pattern is more complex than previously thought, with separate routes for signal transfer that mostly bypass certain subnuclei, and a similar organization exists in both mice and humans.
628h agoGABAergic neurons in the arcuate nucleus directly control stress levels by modulating the activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in response to environmental stressors.
628h agoAlzheimer's disease causes specific brain cell types to change or die in a consistent pattern across different brain regions.
628h agoThe infralimbic cortex helps animals adjust their behaviour by predicting the outcome of actions and correcting these predictions when circumstances change.
628h agoBrief exposure to structured musical rhythms enhances cortical tracking of speech in infants, with effects varying by age, language, and frequency band.
628h agoNeural timescales increase with hierarchical position in the brain and are linked to network topology, and this organization changes with sleep stage.
628h agoPrediction helps straighten out the brain's representation of speech over time, with simpler areas of the brain having more curved representations and higher-level areas having straighter ones.
628h agoSpatial separation of sound sources enhances neural tracking of target speech, particularly in noisy environments, and corresponds with improved speech understanding.
628h agoThe monoclonal antibody 42F5-15 selectively neutralizes TrkA, mitigating pain by binding to the NGF-binding interface, which provides a structural basis for developing safer therapies for chronic pain management.
632h agoNeuroCogMap, a cognitive neuroscience-inspired framework, organizes internal features of large language models into functional parcels that link to interpretable functions, cognitive capabilities, and a cognitive hierarchy.
636h agoDRIADA, an open-source Python framework, unifies neural signals and behavior data, enabling analysis across single-neuron, population, and network levels.
636h agoHumans learn better when they can simplify complex goals into a simple rule that automatically evaluates feedback, freeing up mental resources and boosting learning efficiency.
636h agoThe Murburn concept provides a new framework for understanding neuronal electrical activity and axonal signal propagation by linking metabolic and redox states to electrophysiology.
636h agoNeuronal electrical activity is a manifestation of murburn redox-mediated electronic dynamics, not a process driven by transmembrane ionic flux, and this framework can be applied to a broader class of excitable systems.
636h agoClassical economics provides a consistent approach for understanding price coordination because it emphasizes human interactions based on logical choices related to objective data.
636h agoOff-shell Bethe vectors are constructed through Yangian doubles of classical series for a generic integrable model.
636h agoThe collective dynamics of agents with spatial mobility and internal stochastic oscillatory states form complex patterns, including seven distinct morphological configurations, through a mutual feedback loop that drives self-organization into discrete, quantized topological attractors.
636h agoOscillatory neural networks can perform tasks such as associative memory and optimization through phase relationships, and a design using memristive edges with inhibitory couplings enables autonomous learning and denoising of noisy inputs.
636h agoOptimizing vaccine prioritization is not always necessary, as many feasible allocation rules can perform almost equally well in reducing epidemic burden.
636h agoPopulation immunity from past epidemics influences the size of new epidemics based on their antigenic similarity to previous ones, with stable and equal-sized recurrent epidemics occurring under certain conditions.
636h agoTruncating the Grunwald-Letnikov memory term in a fractional Duffing oscillator changes the dynamics, requiring a certain amount of retained memory to preserve coherence, which depends on forcing amplitude, fractional order, and nonlinear sensitivity.
636h agoThe PRG method detects scaling behavior in neuronal models only when they are close to a critical point, and its results can be affected by time-binning choices.
636h agoIntegrable boundary states in the anisotropic Heisenberg chain can be generalized, allowing a set of eigenstates of the transfer matrix to be selected by each boundary state.
636h agoThe half-wave maps equation has a unique and continuous flow map for data in the critical energy space, with solutions showing almost periodicity in time, and quasi-periodicity for rational initial data.
636h agoHost diversity affects disease transmission through vector feeding behavior, and its impact depends on a critical threshold that determines whether changes in vector feeding preferences amplify or suppress disease burden.
636h agoThe two-dimensional Breitenlohner-Maison model can be deformed and uplifted to a four-dimensional higher-derivative theory through auxiliary fields in both the $\mu$-frame and $\nu$-frame.
636h agoLow-offset semiconductor blends enable efficient charge separation in organic solar cells by allowing thermalization of charge carriers within a disorder-broadened density of states, which can create an effective driving force even at zero or negative energetic offsets.
636h agoLong-range correlated disorder in topological quantum systems induces a non-self-averaging statistical feature where topological Anderson states are dependent on individual disorder configurations.
636h agoThermodynamic computing devices based on the Ising model can perform low-power AI inference and edge computing. A new algorithm trains deep convolutional networks on Ising machine hardware using backpropagation. The trained models achieve image classification accuracies of 94.9% on CIFAR-10 and 76.0% on CIFAR-100. A mathematical theory relates inference cost to accuracy and controls autocorrelation times. The findings imply a tradeoff between performance and inference cost for thermodynamic AI models. Here is a single sentence: Thermodynamic computing devices based on the Ising model can perform low-power AI inference and edge computing with image classification accuracies of up to 94.9% on CIFAR-10 and 76.0% on CIFAR-100.
636h agoA new algorithm, qReduMIS, helps solve portfolio diversification problems more efficiently by combining quantum and classical methods to identify optimal investment solutions.
636h agoThe PRG method detects scaling behavior in neuronal models only when they are close to a critical point, and its results can be affected by time-binning choices.
636h agoA single trivial band can exhibit the same behavior as two separate Chern bands when exposed to arbitrarily weak disorder, leading to the emergence of two sets of extended states with opposite Chern numbers.
636h agoHigh shortest path multiplicity in complex networks is a natural result of local evolution rules, and it grows with network size, especially in networks generated by local rules.
636h agoMatrix product states are free from poor local minima in their energy landscapes, making them more trainable than brickwork circuits.
636h agoHUMID framework enables simulations of reactive transport dynamics across diverse environments with over 1,000-fold greater computational efficiency by bridging the quantum and molecular scales.
640h agoThalamic deep brain stimulation can influence multiple cortical nodes because distinct thalamic nuclei project to separate cortical territories.
640h agoDopamine signaling in the hippocampus increases after a meal, and this increase helps form memories of the meal and reduces subsequent food intake.
640h agoHARMONY, a harmonized multimodal neuroimaging dataset, provides a large multi-cohort resource for researching brain behavior associations with depression and anxiety.
640h agoAging causes sphingolipid dysregulation in the brain, particularly in white matter regions, leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress and vulnerability, when challenged with inflammation.
640h agoKetamine treatment produces dose- and time-dependent anxiolytic-like effects in female rats with treatment-resistant anxiety and depression, possibly by modulating stress circuitry and oxidative signaling.
640h agoA subject-independent method selects EEG channels that, with a two-stage approach, classify motor imagery tasks with high accuracy using as few as 20 channels out of 118.
640h agoA novel stimulator elicits clear muscular and cortical responses to knee-joint proprioception, allowing for reliable study of cortical processing using magnetoencephalography.
640h agoRepetitive head impacts in domestic goats lead to accumulation of neurodegeneration biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, including phosphorylated tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein.
640h agoA node's integration within the brain's structural connections predicts its impact on global brain activity, with damage to highly integrative hubs disrupting conscious brain function and altering dynamics in a way that resembles disorders of consciousness.
644h agoEnvironmental complexity worsens colitis in female mice, causing greater weight loss, higher disease activity, and changes in the gut-brain axis signalling, but has no effect in male mice.
644h agoA new method called latent-noise Bayesian Reduced Rank Regression can capture unique individual patterns in brain function, even with small amounts of data.
644h agoAging of the brain can be measured through a protein test in cerebrospinal fluid, which predicts age, detects brain damage, and forecasts cognitive decline and dementia.
644h agoTraumatic brain injury rapidly triggers inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms in the retina, which are detectable within the first 48 hours.
644h agoThe yellow fever mosquito uses a receptor called AaegGr14 to detect bitter compounds, which reduces its feeding on nectar but not on blood.
644h agoSpinal cord Tau pathology causes tactile deficits and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease by disrupting CCK neurons.
648h agoHIV infection in humanized mice leads to behavioral changes and neuropathological damage, including reduced feeding efficiency, disrupted circadian rhythms, and region-specific brain inflammation and neurodegeneration.
648h agoIntergenerational social interactions can help reduce social disconnection in older adults by forming new social connections, and a new dataset provides insights into the neural, physiological, and behavioural processes underlying relationship formation.
648h agoPlanning is grounded in hippocampal sequences, but recent studies suggest that a simpler mechanism may underlie these sequences.
652h agoHippocampal neural activity moves towards remembered goals on internal maps during navigation, coordinating with prefrontal cortex activity to support memory-guided planning.
652h agoHippocampal theta sweeps encode goal direction during memory-guided navigation, independent of movement or head direction, and correlate with performance.
652h agoResearchers found that schizophrenia is caused by a structural collapse in the brain's metabolic control genes, which disrupts the body's ability to regulate energy and leads to a "fuel mismatch" when modern diets are consumed.
652h agoThe distribution of variance among principal components in recurrent neural networks is determined by a closed functional equation for the moment generating function of the limiting stationary covariance spectrum.
660h agoGap solitons can undergo Chern number switching through nonlinear instabilities and finite Bogoliubov excitations when their nonlinear parameters and relative phase between periodic potentials are modulated.
660h agoCoupled stochastic van der Pol oscillators are analyzed to understand synchronization, bifurcations, and chaos in nonlinear systems subject to random fluctuations.
660h agoCooperative feedback shapes global oscillatory dynamics in a glycolysis model, generating isolated oscillatory modes and multistability, with variations in feedback strength creating distinct rhythms.
660h agoDissipative surface solitons emerge in truncated lattices with gain and loss, sustained by a balance between nonlinearity and gain-loss, and their stability depends on boundary-induced confinement and non-Hermitian dynamics.
660h agoThe MacDonald formula for body-tide torques is limited to low orders of eccentricity and phase lags, and its use requires corrections in tidal despinning and libration damping theories.
660h agoAgents operating with minimal prompting and simple tools spontaneously cooperate, develop strategies, and generate complex cultural artifacts when given the ability to communicate and manipulate a shared text store.
660h agoThe accumulation of Amyloid-β and Tau proteins in specific patterns, rather than just their overall amount, may determine the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
660h agoThe two-dimensional Breitenlohner-Maison model can be deformed and uplifted to a four-dimensional higher-derivative theory, which lacks manifest diffeomorphism invariance.
660h agoNew numerical methods are proposed to maximize mixing entropy in two-dimensional turbulence, allowing for efficient computation of multiple statistical equilibria from arbitrary initial vorticity distributions.
660h agoTuning the driving laser frequency in a chaotic optomechanical system switches off the predictability of its evolution, causing a phase transition related to changes in phase space topology.
660h agoA method based on a Schrödinger equation detects rogue peaks in financial volatility indices, which often precede extreme events, by spiking at the onset of these events and identifying most major peaks in real-time.
660h agoThe large-scale properties of certain two-dimensional lattice models are rotationally invariant, specifically for the random-cluster model with cluster-weight between 1 and 4 and critical Potts models with 2, 3, or 4 colours.
660h agoA new framework automatically discovers low-dimensional representations of system dynamics from video, preserving smoothness and allowing prediction of system behaviors without needing prior domain knowledge.
660h agoReservoir computers perform best when their nonlinearity matches the nonlinearity of the input data, and this match can be used to estimate the minimal nonlinearity in unknown time series.
660h agoThe study finds that a deterministic model of Pleistocene glacial cycles exhibits stable and unstable limit cycles, homoclinic connections, and Bautin bifurcations through a detailed bifurcation analysis and Hamiltonian system reduction.
660h agoCorrelations reshape the morphology of rogue-waves in quantum systems, leading to notable deviations in the formation of the Peregrine soliton, including reduced peak amplitude and changed density patterns.
660h agoReversible processes are possible in systems between idealized thermodynamic and dynamical limits, and dissipative losses can be fought by approximate counterdiabatic driving.
660h agoA WKB analysis reveals a deeper relation between classical integrable systems and solvable multistate Landau-Zener models, and provides connection formulas for asymptotic behavior of solutions to an integrable generalization of the Painleve'-II equation.
660h agoHigher-order dynamical constraints emerge naturally on ordinary graphs when interactions have nontrivial topological structure, and cycle holonomy acts as a local-to-global diagnostic of path incompatibility in synchronization dynamics.
660h agoThe magnetic Qi-Wu-Zhang Chern-insulator model exhibits a full-spectrum transition where localization is avoided as quasiperiodic modulation increases.
660h agoThe quantum dynamics of the random-field Ising model is controlled by a fluctuationless fixed point, resulting in activated form dynamics with a relaxation time given by a logarithmic dependence on the correlation length.
660h agoDisorder promotes collective light-matter phenomena in fermionic systems by giving rise to a qualitatively different collective regime with many grey fermionic states participating coherently.
660h agoDisorder in a trapped gas of ultracold fermions changes the light-matter coupling, lowering the critical pump strength required for a photonic phase transition and distorting the density-wave crystal.
660h agoA novel technique using diffusion models enables scalable sampling of spin-system states with continuous symmetries, reducing thermalization time by an order of magnitude for studying continuous-state condensed matter systems.
660h agoDoping a topological material with impurities creates exotic current loops that can form topological domains and trigger a topological phase transition.
660h agoThe distribution of variance among principal components in recurrent neural networks is determined by a closed functional equation for the moment generating function of the limiting stationary covariance spectrum.
660h agoA new approach to simulating network models yields a critical exponent of the localization length of approximately 2.4 for random networks, confirming previous results and matching experimental values for the integer quantum Hall transition.
660h agoThe nature of spin-wave excitations in the two-dimensional Heisenberg spin-glass model depends on the type of classical order, with delocalized excitations around magnetically ordered states and localized excitations around spin-glass ordered states.
660h agoA framework for characterizing higher-order topological phases uses the one-particle density matrix to directly identify bulk and boundary topology without needing an underlying Hamiltonian.
660h agoThe 3D toric code has fault-tolerance thresholds of around 11% against bit-flip errors and 2% against phase-flip errors, showing it is robust against measurement errors.
660h agoLanguage models organize information into geometric structures, such as circular representations of months and one-dimensional sequences of years, due to symmetries in language statistics.
660h agoThe experimental accuracy of classical shadow tomography on photonic processors has a fundamental limit, called the "Hardware Horizon", where reconstruction error suddenly stops decreasing and levels off at a certain floor due to spectral distortions.
660h agoA theoretical proposal links vacuum stability and brain dynamics through a superconductivity-inspired model, suggesting that brain dynamics can be described by a two-fluid model with dissipative and coherence-supporting components that enable a stable, unified conscious state.
660h agoSTING deficiency amplifies microglial activation, leading to increased neuronal loss and cognitive impairment during epileptogenesis by disrupting calcium signaling.
660h agoRF-PHATE, a supervised visualization method, preserves data structure and reveals biological patterns, enabling insights into disease progression in multiple sclerosis, COVID-19, and other biological contexts.
664h agoThe primary motor cortex serves as a model for transcranial magnetic stimulation targets, and its physiology helps set safety limits for the entire brain.
664h agoThe microscale organization of hippocampal microcircuits contributes to the generation of epileptiform activity, with distinct CA1 principal cells and inhibitory neurons playing a key role in epilepsy manifestations.
664h agoA spiking neural network navigation system learns multiple goals better when it uses context-specific evidence-based consolidation, reducing interference and improving performance.
664h agoPeople with psychosis and heavy cannabis users have similar problems with sensorimotor integration, showing less frequent and more variable submovements, and altered responses to observed movements.
664h agoAdults with moderate-to-severe nociceptive pain have disrupted somatosensory and cortical inhibitory processing, showing reduced functional inhibition and abnormal brain responses to harmless stimuli.
664h agoForce drifts during isometric finger pressing are primarily driven by factors other than changes in friction between the fingertip and the surface it contacts.
668h agoMicroglia and blood-derived macrophages play a key role in the regeneration of the zebrafish spinal cord by responding in a heterogeneous and dynamic way.
668h agoPast sensory experience influences current perceptual decisions, with similar past and current sensory information producing attractive effects and large discrepancies producing repulsive effects.
668h agoZebrafish have a special cell state that helps them regrow neurons after spinal injury, which uses different mechanisms than development and helps produce new neurons.
668h agoTop-down signals from the orbitofrontal cortex to sensory cortex strengthen during perceptual learning, helping to improve the detection and discrimination of relevant stimuli.
668h agoThe accumulation of APP-CTFβ promotes its oligomerization, which enhances presynaptic vesicle tethering and release, leading to neuronal hyperactivity.
668h agoCongenital Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 neurons exhibit precocious differentiation and abnormal RNA splicing, showing enhanced expression of neurogenic transcription factors and disrupted splicing of important genes.
668h agoBerberine treatment improves motor performance in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7) models by modulating mitochondrial permeability transition pore dynamics.
668h agoSpinal cord injury combined with other injuries causes maladaptive plasticity in spinal motor systems by increasing calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, leading to neuropathic pain.
668h agoAlzheimer's disease severity is associated with a decline in proteins that are helped by a mitochondrial chaperone complex, which is linked to disruptions in mitochondrial translation and metabolism.
668h agoPerfusion with a custom-built device preserves the structure and cell viability of post-mortem eyes for up to 24 hours and restores light responses for up to 10 hours after death.
668h agoOxytocin plasma levels are higher in adulthood than in weaning in both male and female mice, and are linked to oxytocin expression in the hypothalamus.
668h agoAn extended leaky integrate-and-fire model accurately captures the activity of ampullary electroreceptor afferents in two species of weakly electric fish, and this model can be used to generate realistic input layers for studying neuronal processing.
668h agoSmall but systematic shifts in gaze behavior over time cause representational drift in the visual cortex, even when viewing the same images.
668h agoThe primate motor cortex is a mosaic of output sites representing forelimb muscles in different combinations.
668h agoTwo distinct biotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 are identified, one with structural preservation in the posterior cerebellum and the other with extensive atrophy in the anterior motor cerebellum, and they respond differently to treatments with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation.
668h agoNeuromuscular fatigue changes how the body adapts to postural tasks by reorganizing muscle coordination and stabilization strategies, and these changes persist even after the fatigue has recovered.
668h agoThe human medial temporal cortex uses specific neurons to represent and recover temporal context, allowing people to form and recall detailed memories.
668h agoThe dorsal visual stream, which helps with attention and spatial vision, takes a long time to develop, with its ability to process visual information across the field increasing and becoming more balanced between the two hemispheres of the brain from childhood into adulthood.
668h agoActivating the mGluR2 receptor reduces the effects of psychedelic drugs by inhibiting glutamate release, which in turn modulates the activity of 5-HT2A receptors in pyramidal neurons.
668h agoThe calcium-activated anoctamin ANO3 drives spatially restricted phosphatidylserine exposure at synapses, leading to synapse pruning through a caspase-independent mechanism.
668h agoHigher family conflict is linked to lower similarity in how parents and children process emotions in the brain, which is also related to more emotional distress in children.
668h agoTraumatic brain injury recovery relies on Semaphorin-3A to preserve sleep patterns and cognitive function.
668h agoPaclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy causes changes in posture and spontaneous behavior in mice, including reduced front paw luminance and print size, increased front paw lifting, and altered body measurements.
668h agoDsn1 and Ndc80 proteins are required for the viability of postmitotic neurons, and their loss triggers apoptosis.
672h agoChildren outperform adults in statistical learning because they update their predictions more frequently and are more sensitive to new information, whereas adults tend to stick with their prior predictions and follow a more exploitative learning strategy.
672h agoMicroRNA-206 regulates the firing of Purkinje neurons in the brain to control sensorimotor gating, and its deficiency or overexpression can disrupt or impair this normal brain function.
672h agoThe spatial organization of synapses helps stabilize learning by arranging strong synapses in a way that prevents neighboring synapses from becoming too strong.
672h agoMAP1A transports TRIM46 to the axon of mature neurons, where it supports axon morphology, through a mechanism that involves cleavage of MAP1A by Calpain-10 and interaction with KIF3 motors.
672h agoStriatal cholinergic interneurons exhibit a pause in firing in response to salient stimuli through a long-range inhibitory mechanism that involves synchronized activity and a pathway from outside the striatum.
672h agoThe thalamus develops in unique ways in children, with some parts maturing more slowly and being at greater risk for later problems in schizophrenia.
672h agoInhibition from the thalamic reticular nucleus helps sensory systems prioritize cues that predict meaningful outcomes by dynamically tuning sensory thalamus according to learned value.
672h agoThe hypothalamus integrates physiological state with environmental information to regulate social behaviors through specific cell-type transcriptional programs that are engaged by social status, sex, and reproductive state.
672h agoMotor neuron recruitment order shapes local and long-distance synapse elimination, and adult wiring reflects the activity patterns that formed it.
676h agoCognitive failures in young adults are strongly linked to psychological distress, poor sleep quality, and short sleep duration, and get worse as these risk factors pile up.
676h agoLearning induces rapid microstructural changes in the human brain, with decreases in mean diffusivity emerging shortly after learning onset and continuing to develop during post-learning rest, particularly in the left middle occipital/temporal gyrus.
680h agoMaternal sleep disturbance leads to increased inflammation and higher levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the fetal brain, which may affect neurodevelopment and increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring.
680h agoAdult social isolation increases miR-30e-5p expression in the hippocampus, which impairs hippocampal function and cognition in mice.
680h agoAntipsychotics affect gene expression in the frontal cortex, including genes involved in brain cell communication, stress responses, and cardiovascular function.
680h agoPeople who stutter have limited ability to adapt their arm movements in response to altered visual feedback, and this implicit learning difficulty may be a general problem across different motor systems.
680h agoGeometric stability, which is the reliability of the pairwise distance structure among stimuli, predicts neural-behavioral coupling and is a functionally relevant property of neural population codes.
684h agoMeditation increases the brain's signal-to-noise ratio by selectively enhancing goal-relevant neural activity and reducing irrelevant noise.
684h agoCohort-amortized personalization allows for fast and private creation of personalized brain models by sharing a neural density estimator instead of individual neuroimaging data.
684h agoIncreasing adaptation strength in random recurrent networks with low-rank structure drives the network through four regimes: a static coherent state, oscillations that progress from regular to irregular, stochastic switching, and a global limit cycle.
684h agoMeta-learning helps human visual representations adapt to new tasks by enabling the learning of new relationships from few observations.
684h agoEmotional valence affects children's recognition memory for a sequence of toys, with the recall of a toy depending on its own valence and the valence of surrounding toys.
684h agoThis technique estimates spatial structures in datasets, and its updated version improves robustness by relaxing noise assumptions and adding regularisation.
684h agoScience can't explain subjective experiences like consciousness because its findings must be reproducible by any observer, independent of perspective.
684h agoThe human eye is constantly in low amplitude motion during fixation, but the brain stabilizes the visual perception of objects, allowing people to see stable objects as stable and moving objects as moving.
684h agoAdaptation mechanisms, including spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, modulate traveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain during slow-wave sleep.
684h agoAgents acting competently under uncertainty must have internal structures that include world models, belief-like memory, and persistent regime-tracking variables.
684h agoA new machine learning framework called deep probabilistic model synthesis combines data from multiple instances of the same system to create a general model that captures their shared and unique properties.
684h agoThe moments and response functions of a nonlinear random recurrent neural network are calculated in the large-$N$ limit, providing a link between synaptic connectivity, correlations in spontaneous activity, and network response to small perturbations.
684h agoHypergraphs constructed from a multivariate connectivity measure called canonical coherence outperform graph-based methods in recovering coupling frequencies and sensor-level spatial patterns from EEG/MEG data.
684h agoA pacemaker oscillator can induce waveform proportionality and Taylor's law with an exponent 2 in a population of oscillators, regardless of their intrinsic frequencies.
684h agoSolutions to the sinh-Gordon Painlev\'e III equation that are real on $(0,\infty)$ transition from singular to smooth behavior as $x$ and $p$ increase, with asymptotics extending to the region $\varkappa>1$ and changing at $\varkappa=1$ and $\varkappa=2$.
684h agoThe Tomimatsu-Sato family of exact stationary axisymmetric vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations can be formulated using a reduced trilinear framework, which provides a new perspective on its integrable structure.
684h agoThe focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions has a leading term that is a plane wave in the transition region, with a first correction term of order \(t^{-1/3}\) expressed in terms of a solution to a Painlev\'e-II equation.
684h agoStable, ballistic cycler orbits exist in the circular restricted three-body problem, where periodic trajectories temporarily orbit each primary and can be stable across a wide range of mass ratios.
684h agoA family of unconventional integrators for higher-order ODEs has remarkable conservation properties, including an integral of motion and an invariant volume form, which are extended to discretizations of ODEs of any order.
684h agoA discrete-time multiagent learning rule in population congestion games exhibits complex behavior, including multi-stability, periodic and chaotic attractors, and converging Cesaro averages, when agents adapt to extreme events through risk-sensitive updating and adaptive expectations.
684h agoThe analysis of a two-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou lattice reveals the existence of periodic and solitary traveling waves for convex potentials and dispersive shock waves with properties that do not depend on direction of travel.
684h agoA general system of kinetic equations describes a non-stationary two-dimensional gas of elastically interacting line solitons, and this kinetic theory accurately predicts the behavior of soliton gases governed by the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II equation.
684h agoCompeting media sources with opposing views can cause a large cluster of opinions to shift toward one of the media agents in a social network.
684h agoHuman subjective time perception emerges from a local metric change driven by physical entropy production, not from tracking geometric coordinate time.
684h agoA new approach predicts the evolution of multiple fields in magnetohydrodynamics and estimates test-time uncertainty and error without ground truth.
684h agoScientists determine the optimal advance split time for rare event sampling algorithms by finding when an initial perturbation amplifies into the size of the targeted extreme event.
684h agoSelf-injection locking of a diode laser produces soliton-number-dependent existence ranges of multi-soliton solutions in free-laser detuning and feedback phase parameters.
684h agoThe late-time relaxation of a neutral relativistic viscous fluid follows a decay of $e^{-n\omega_I t}$, with the frequency of the $n$-th harmonic locking to $n$ times the complex frequency of the fundamental mode.
684h agoTraining artificial neural networks can be represented as a low-dimensional trajectory using scalar embedding, which preserves main dynamical features and allows for analysis of optimization trajectories.
684h agoNonlinear photonic time crystals support solitons as biphoton Fock ladder states, which are created by balancing amplification and Kerr nonlinearity, and exhibit quantum collapse and revival dynamics.
684h agoMigration decisions are influenced by others' decisions, and this social influence can cause migrant flows to dramatically and spontaneously fluctuate, mimicking observed patterns in migration statistics.
684h agoThe conditions for conserved quantities to exist in complex networks of oscillators are derived, revealing a broad class of network motifs that support preserved phase relationships over time.
684h agoSelf-organizing systems transform random motion into orderly behavior through a process where selectivity concentrates probability toward lower-action trajectories, decreasing average action.
684h agoAdaptation mechanisms, including spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, modulate traveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain during slow-wave sleep.
684h agoThe generalized Camassa--Holm peakon model has a bi-Hamiltonian structure defined by a linear and a quadratic Poisson bracket.
684h agoHigher-order interactions impact the time required to reach steady-state synchronization in Kuramoto oscillators, with increasing coupling strengths accelerating synchronization and interaction order producing non-monotonic behavior.
684h agoIntegrable two-component polynomial evolutionary systems of odd order have 24 possible spectral classes of integrable hierarchies.
684h agoThe box-ball system dynamics can be linearized by two methods, the Kerov-Kirillov-Reshetikhin bijection and the slot configuration, which are related through a novel carrier with seat numbers description.
684h agoInfluence and information transfer have a complex relationship, with influence not always equal to information transfer, and their distinction can reveal new insights into the dynamics of complex systems.
684h agoReconfigurable nonlinear-processing units enable a realistic hardware implementation of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, allowing for compact regression and classification with low energy consumption and latency.
684h agoThe statistical solution of freely decaying incompressible turbulence shows that the nonlinear advection term drops out, leaving a purely diffusive evolution that follows a random walk on a circle with rational steps, and leads to a universal energy scaling function.
684h agoWave propagation in active six-state Potts models exhibits different wave modes, including disordered, spiral, target, and stripe waves, which emerge under various repulsion conditions.
684h agoNeural network training induces a spectral phase transition, where isolated eigenvalues detach from the random bulk distribution, providing a framework for representation formation in high-dimensional learning dynamics.
684h agoPhysical reservoir computing can be made more efficient by engineering memory capacity in systems without inherent memory, using a tradeoff between space and time to substitute temporal memory with spatial degrees of freedom.
684h agoA method called I-BBS identifies a low-dimensional latent sub-manifold embedded in a high-dimensional distance matrix, even when the high-dimensional space is partly observable or undefined.
684h agoCommunity-detection algorithms produce varying outputs even with small data changes, and a study finds that the detectable side of these outputs follows a finite-size detector curve at a signal-to-noise ratio of around 1.05-1.10.
684h agoTraining artificial neural networks can be represented as a low-dimensional trajectory using scalar embedding, which preserves main dynamical features and allows for analysis of optimization trajectories.
684h agoA new method constructs work-like quantities that estimate free energy differences between equilibrium states with improved convergence, using a virtual control field that does not modify the underlying dynamics.
684h agoNeural-network quantum states software framework, NQS-Agent, improves the accuracy of quantum many-body systems calculations by optimizing hyperparameters and detecting unstable optimization events.
684h agoA class of static, geometrically local Hamiltonians exhibits a spectral ramp, a characteristic of random-matrix statistics, in their energy spectrum.
684h agoA new molecular dynamics framework called PDMD predicts system energy and atomic forces of water clusters with high accuracy at a lower computational cost than existing models.
684h agoA statistical mechanics ensemble reveals a cluster of connected solutions in the symmetric binary perceptron model that remains stable until a critical threshold.
684h agoThe moments and response functions of a nonlinear random recurrent neural network are calculated in the large-$N$ limit, providing a link between synaptic connectivity, correlations in spontaneous activity, and network response to small perturbations.
684h agoQuantum annealing estimates the ground state energy of large spin glass systems, specifically the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with up to 40,000 spins and the Edwards-Anderson model on a square lattice.
684h agoBoundary conditions can control relaxation in open quantum lattice systems without changing the steady state.
684h agoStatistical mechanics offers techniques to solve inverse problems, and three main methods - Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Pseudo-Likelihood, and Mean-Field approaches - are effective in inferring model parameters from data in statistical physics systems.
684h agoIncorporating critical dynamical fluctuations into a microscopic mode-coupling framework resolves the discrepancy between mean-field theories and experiments on the glass transition by restoring ergodicity at all finite densities or temperatures.
684h agoDisorder effects on electronic systems change from conventional Anderson localization to a quantum metric localization regime, where the localization length becomes pinned at a value proportional to the quantum metric length, protecting against strong disorder.
684h agoArcherfish decision-making dynamics show that they often repeat their choices based on previous selections, regardless of reward, and their behavioral accuracy is affected by target position and choice history, similar to mammals.
684h agoDopamine signals in the brain track both fast learning and slow changes in performance state, reflecting motivational state prospectively to help sustain goal-directed behavior.
684h agoInhibiting bromodomain proteins induces beneficial changes in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C disease, with different effects in male and female mice.
688h agoPRRT1/SynDIG4, an auxiliary subunit, controls the availability of GluA1-type AMPARs for long-term potentiation (LTP) by binding to and regulating GluA1.
688h agoAlzheimer's disease impairs spatial navigation early on by causing distinct changes in brain activity, including hippocampal hyperactivity, tau-linked reductions in brain modulation, and altered object-centered representations.
688h agoCochlear implant users' ability to process speech and detect sound changes declines at low stimulation pulse rates, but stays stable across clinically relevant pulse rates, with individual differences in performance.
688h agoBalance training in older adults leads to changes in brain-muscle interactions, specifically increased coherence between cortical activity and muscle synergies, which helps improve balance recovery after perturbations.
688h agoLMO7 regulates tau levels by suppressing the activity of the E3 ligase CHIP, and disrupting this complex can reduce pathogenic tau and related symptoms.
688h agoE4 carriers of the apolipoprotein E allele are uniquely vulnerable to microhemorrhages and vascular damage caused by anti-amyloid therapy, which can lead to amyloid-related imaging abnormalities.
688h agoEqual-frequency brain wave synchronization supports integration of information across multiple brain regions, while cross-frequency synchronization supports segregation of information within specific brain areas.
692h agoA network with 512 units can memorize and recall discrete sequences with 100% accuracy when it uses a sparse code, explicit neural routing, and a simple read-out rule.
692h agoFast fMRI reveals diverse, reliable, and regionally specific hemodynamic response functions in the auditory cortex, with reproducible spatial gradients in response timing and shape.
692h agoSerotonin 5-HT4 receptors modulate dopamine and acetylcholine transmission through a mechanism that involves inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, an effect that is not directly related to the receptors themselves but to the inhibition of this enzyme.
692h agoCaMKII's ability to form liquid-liquid phase separation with substrate proteins is essential for synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and cognitive function.
692h agoTonic alertness and trial-level alertness fluctuations dynamically regulate reactive and proactive control during statistical learning.
692h agoInverse reinforcement learning-derived reward trajectories map onto value signals in the brain, particularly in the dorsal striatum, during real-time decision making in naturalistic environments.
692h agoVision generates expectations about the sound of an object, and when the sound does not match the expectation, it takes longer to process and affects judgments of the object's material.
692h agoMECP2 knockout in marmosets leads to reduced cortico-cortical connections, immature neurons, and altered gene expression, recapitulating features of Rett syndrome.
692h agoThe superior colliculus (SC) shows stronger coarse-to-fine visual image processing dynamics than the primary visual cortex (V1), with visual response latencies in the SC dictated by image spatial frequency.
692h agoWarming acts differently across levels of the neuromuscular pathway, but overlapping compensatory mechanisms help preserve function in ectothermic animals.
692h agoThe corpus callosum develops improperly in mammals with corpus callosum dysgenesis, resulting in three morphological phenotypes: agenesis, partial dysgenesis, and hypoplasia.
692h agoTranscranial Electric stimulation affects neural activity by entraining network oscillations in healthy brains, and cathodal stimulation decreases hyperexcitable activity in epileptic brains.
696h agoMutations in the CACNA2D4 gene cause photoreceptor degeneration, disrupted synapses, and low vision, but gene therapy can prevent degeneration, restore retinal function, and improve vision in mice.
696h agoPerinatal stroke disrupts fine motor development, impairs memory, alters skeletal muscle and gut bacteria, and gut-targeted therapy improves motor function.
696h agoSmall sample sizes and high-dimensional brain parcellations can lead to unreliable estimates of structural covariance networks, causing many reported group differences to reflect sampling noise rather than true biological differences.
696h agoA new brain-computer interface framework allows people to control a cursor on a screen with their thoughts, enabling them to start and stop movements and select targets accurately.
696h agoChemotherapy-exposed participants have cognitive control deficits and altered brain activity in areas key for conflict processing, showing disrupted recruitment of frontoparietal and subcortical regions.
696h agoMutations in GUCA1A cause retinal dysfunction that extends beyond phototransduction and affects central visual pathways, leading to progressive decline in vision and changes in retinal structure.
696h agoReusable components in neural networks enable rapid adaptation to different tasks and contexts through compositional computation based on shared dynamical structures.
696h agoSensory reweighting during quiet standing works by adjusting the precision of different sensory channels, specifically through context-selective control of vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual information.
696h agoPost-learning sleep induces lasting changes in declarative memories that become evident when memories are challenged through subsequent reactivation.
696h agoBrain2Qwerty, a deep learning model, decodes typed sentences from non-invasive brain activity with a character error rate of 18%.
700h agoNeurons form and clear lipid droplets in response to activity, and this process is crucial for maintaining synaptic integrity and neuronal function.
700h agoHibernation in thirteen-lined ground squirrels triggers metabolic changes and increased exosome production that protect retinal cells from death after optic nerve injury.
700h agoAstrocytes exhibit different electrophysiological responses to stimulation depending on the location and spatial scale of the stimulus, with local responses governed by conductance ratios and isolated neurotransmitter responses to specific synaptic inputs.
700h agoMutations in the Synaptojanin 1 gene cause abnormal structures to form in certain brain cells, leading to an imbalance in dopamine release and contributing to Parkinsonism.
700h agoInstructive inputs guide the development of neural circuits, allowing them to later assign credit and learn effectively by organizing the downstream architecture through which learning is expressed.
700h agoElevating PMP2 in Schwann cells enhances myelin growth in nerves by increasing fatty acid uptake, without activating usual promyelinating signaling pathways.
700h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex helps regulate the threat response by connecting with other brain regions, and specifically, neurons in the prelimbic cortex that project to the basolateral amygdala are critical for learning to distinguish between threatening and non-threatening situations.
700h agoNeuroticism is linked to Alzheimer's disease through the dysregulation of specific excitatory neurons, with two genes, ADRA1B and LY6E-DT, downregulated in these neurons.
700h agoDynamic functional connectivity can track cognitive engagement only under certain conditions, specifically when experimental designs have longer and more regular task blocks, and data quality is good.
700h agoThe study finds that a specific brain task, called the Serial Reaction Time Task, produces consistent and robust brain activity patterns associated with implicit motor learning, involving two distinct brain networks: a left hemispheric network for sequence performance and acquisition, and a right hemispheric network for monitoring sequence structure.
700h agoEnriched environments preserve bone density by activating a specific brain region that controls a specialized type of blood vessel in bone through nerve signals.
704h agoChronic stress causes changes in brain cells that lead to inhibitory dominance, and this effect is mainly due to stronger inhibitory-to-excitatory synapses.
708h agoA comprehensive open-source toolkit unifies the research workflow for continuous attractor neural networks, which model how the brain encodes continuous variables such as spatial position and movement direction.
708h agoMicroscale synaptic structures contribute to macroscopic heterogeneous dynamics and computations in brain circuits through chain motifs that integrate microscopic fluctuations and influence mesoscopic mean population dynamics.
708h agoSubjective cognitive decline is linked to weaker brain responses to speech with subtle linguistic features, particularly in people listening to flat, unexpressive speech.
708h agoThe bottleneck in simulating large-scale spiking neuronal networks on supercomputers is the waiting time for the slowest compute node, not the communication speed between nodes.
708h agoThe stability and large post-critical dynamics of an inextensible spinning fluid-conveying pipe with pinned-roller supports are driven by nonlinear terms arising from inextensibility constraint and bending curvatures, leading to an ellipse-like stability boundary in the flow-velocity--rotational-speed plane.
708h agoAn integrable perturbation theory shows that perturbations of a defocusing modified Korteweg-de Vries kink solution produce a radiative shelf in front of the kink.
708h agoSelf-organization in living systems maintains order through interactions between units, and a new model describes this process as a dynamically modulated landscape that helps the system return to equilibrium.
708h agoThe statistical equilibrium of two-dimensional turbulent flow on a sphere has a quadrupole structure, which matches the final state of long-term time integration, but it does not predict the formation of concentrated vortices.
708h agoThe Feshbach spectrum of dysprosium shows non-uniform level statistics, with enhanced level repulsion near the center of the magnetic-moment distribution and Poisson statistics near the lower edge.
708h agoA novel pathfinding algorithm called A** improves solution quality in dynamic environments with changing obstacles and limited sensing by decoupling path generation from temporal adaptation.
708h agoThe double kicked top model exhibits exact quantum recurrences and dynamical quantum phase transitions when its parameters are tuned to specific values.
708h agoPublic withholding punishment from norm-breakers and penalizing those who confront them can lead to the resurgence of anti-institutional disruption, even if pro-democratic defenders have an advantage.
708h agoThe definition of off-shell Bethe vectors in integrable models leads to the result that they become on-shell when Bethe equations are obeyed.
708h agoThe Kuramoto Attention layer improves transformer model performance by using oscillator synchrony to update token values, outperforming traditional transformers on enwiki8 and CodeParrot tasks.
708h agoThe quantum geometric tensor's eigenvalue statistics are characterized in finite-dimensional parameter-dependent random Hamiltonians, providing a framework for understanding random quantum geometry in disordered and chaotic systems.
708h agoA stochastic risk model simulates a nuclear reactor's behavior with a neutron chain length described by a distribution with heavy tails, estimating probabilities and risk bounds for power-law distributions of jumps.
708h agoThe Random Language Model exhibits a hierarchy of phase transitions as its temperature decreases and the number of hidden symbols increases, where correlations between symbols emerge and rule use becomes frozen.
708h agoThe Random Language Model exhibits a condensation transition at a critical value, below which rule usage concentrates and language statistics depend on corpus length.
708h agoClassical-wave systems and electronic systems with different types of disorder have distinct localization properties, with classical-wave systems showing localized states only near a band edge and extended states in the central part of the spectrum at strong disorder.
708h agoThe statistics of stationary points in mean-field random landscapes can be understood using a 4-index supersymmetric representation that incorporates the absolute value of the determinant of the Hessian through spontaneous supersymmetry breaking.
708h agoMicroscale synaptic structures contribute to macroscopic heterogeneous dynamics and computations in brain circuits through chain motifs that integrate microscopic fluctuations and influence mesoscopic mean population dynamics.
708h agoThe generalization error in a feature-learning model scales with the number of trainable parameters and samples, following data-dependent power laws controlled by the spectral structure of the target.
708h agoThe dynamics of a one-dimensional local spin system generates entanglement slowly over time, following a log t-law, when the system's behavior is governed by a Lieb-Robinson bound with a logarithmic lightcone.
708h agoThe charge transport capacity grows with system size in the interacting Anderson model, but this growth may not persist at larger system sizes, suggesting that many-body localization may still occur at strong disorder.
708h agoPhysical selectors produce high-dimensional signatures that can be mapped to arbitrary payloads using a single linear decoder, merging selection and memory access into one event.
708h agoA novel therapeutic strategy using RNA editing restores full-length MeCP2 protein expression in Rett syndrome by correcting nonsense mutations.
708h agoPrenatal circadian rhythm disruption leads to distinct psychiatric disorders in adult offspring, with females more likely to develop mood disorders and males more likely to develop substance use disorders.
720h agoDeconvolution methods can isolate activation patterns in the brain during visual and memory search tasks in naturalistic scenarios, revealing the dynamic interplay of attention and memory processes.
720h agoPLFest provides reliable and scalable assessment of visual and cognitive function using portable consumer devices, supporting standardized data collection across distributed research settings.
720h agoEnhancing slow oscillatory brain activity during sleep is associated with changes in brain proteins linked to Alzheimer's disease.
720h agoShort-term memory encoding fidelity fluctuates at theta frequency, with fronto-parietal theta- and beta-band activity predicting recall error in a rhythmic, recurrent process.
720h agoNeurological and neuropsychiatric conditions affect 43% of the global population; a study of 92 healthy adults found that greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is associated with faster responses, and that dlPFC activation is predicted by demographic and lifestyle features, including age, sleep, and physical activity.
720h agoActivation of a small number of excitatory neurons in the motor cortex is sufficient to drive movements, and the timing of their firing, not just their overall activity level, determines the movement outcome.
724h agoThe framework models whole-brain connectivity by breaking it down into two parts: abrupt changes in connectivity and smooth variations across the brain.
724h agoThe hippocampus uses different molecular programs to support memory formation, with the anterior part linked to synaptic and chromatin-regulatory pathways and the posterior part linked to metabolic and protein synthesis processes.
724h agoThe brain can stably decode sensory information even when the neural representations of that information change over time, as long as the population of neurons is large enough.
724h agoTRPML1 helps position late endosomes and lysosomes near peripheral astrocyte processes by immobilizing them, which may influence astrocyte-synapse contacts and structural plasticity.
724h agoThe human sensorimotor system automatically separates movement errors caused by external perturbations from those caused by internal motor noise, and adapts to small external errors without conscious awareness.
724h agoPropranolol disrupts the reconsolidation of memories associated with appetitive reward seeking, similar to the effect of MK-801, reducing their influence on behaviour.
724h agoThe brain uses a hierarchy of predictions about upcoming words to achieve efficient reading comprehension, integrating sensory input with predictions at multiple levels of linguistic representation.
724h agoAnatomy constrains higher-order functional networks in the brain, with this structural constraint playing a pivotal role in shaping diverse cognitive capabilities and being disrupted in Alzheimer's disease.
724h agoHuman-specific changes in cortical circuit architecture reconfigure cortical dynamics during learning, leading to improved sensory-to-motor transformation and better performance under demanding conditions.
724h agoThe brain dynamically reconfigures internal models of complex environments by encoding stable knowledge in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and updating it through transient representations in the hippocampus and prefrontal regions.
724h agoDeep brain stimulation's effect on disrupted theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling in memory-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, is poorly understood, but a new model of the hippocampal CA1 area helps explain how stimulation protocols affect this circuit.
724h agoChemogenetic modulation of cortical circuits produces robust hemodynamic responses but more subtle and complex metabolic effects that emerge over time.
724h agomTOR drives the accumulation of amyloid beta fibrils in blood vessels, leading to cerebrovascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
724h agoLiteracy acquisition drives the development of the brain's visual word form area, and changes in this area's connections to language regions are linked to reading ability.
724h agoMCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) signaling regulates the updating of adaptive avoidance behavior by controlling how the prefrontal cortex processes information about recent actions.
724h agoExposure to deprivation or threat during childhood delays neurocognitive development in early adolescence, even when socioeconomic resources are taken into account.
724h agoDifferent types of brain cells contribute to brain activity patterns in distinct ways, with excitatory neurons showing mixed correlations and inhibitory interneurons showing positive correlations with local and brain-wide activity patterns.
724h agoThe brain refines its predictions by updating its internal model based on the difference between sensory input and expectation, and it uses a specific neural circuit mechanism to determine whether to strengthen or weaken synaptic connections depending on the type of prediction error.
724h agoTransitive inference depends on a linear representation of ordered items, which can be constructed through a simple computational mechanism that maps task conditions onto behavioral outcomes.
724h agoNaturalistic cognition arises from coordinated interactions among brain systems that can be represented by sparse, distributed subnetworks enriched for higher-order association systems.
724h agoMitochondrial dysfunction in certain neurons leads to reduced synaptic GABA levels, causing network oscillations to become unstable, resulting in hyperexcitability and seizures.
724h agoCerebrovascular alterations in Alzheimer's Disease and primary tauopathies share a common stress response, but Alzheimer's Disease has unique remodeling and dysregulated genes.
724h agoSleep spindles during daytime naps improve working memory by helping to maintain hidden representations in the brain, making it easier to access information after waking.
724h agoThe interaction between the prelimbic cortex and the anterior insular cortex helps determine whether individuals make optimal or suboptimal decisions.
724h agoAs learning progresses, information processing shifts from the ventral striatum to the orbitofrontal cortex, corresponding to the abstraction from stimulus value to state value.
724h agoGABAergic synaptic inhibition has different nanoscale organizations in somatic and dendritic compartments, with somatic synapses being larger and more structurally diverse, leading to distinct functional outcomes.
724h agoThe basal ganglia neurons follow a gene expression gradient that varies by location, and this gradient corresponds with differences in physiology and morphology.
724h agoMaternal experience refines brain-wide sensory processing to support adaptive caregiving behavior by shaping pup call-evoked behavior and brain-wide neural responses through oxytocin-facilitated plasticity.
724h agoElevated intraneuronal A{beta} in early-stage sporadic Alzheimer's disease cortical neurons is associated with increased proteolytic activities of the 20S proteasome.
724h agoNeonatal hypoxia-ischemia injury leads to impulsive-like behavior in adulthood, characterized by increased motor output, faster reaction times, and liberal decision bias, accompanied by abnormal neural activity in the visual cortex and prefrontal cortex.
748h agoHippocampus and cortex coupling phase shifts serve as a neural substrate that transforms temporary memory into long-term storage during memory consolidation.
748h agoMemory updating declines with age because older brains re-engage fewer original memories when forming new ones, but increasing activation of these memories or using certain therapies can improve memory updating.
748h agoFast periodic visual stimulation can detect semantic categorization responses when people compare similar images, such as fruits and vegetables of the same color.
748h agoThe thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) can be reliably visualized and segmented in the living human brain using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla.
748h agoPsilocybin increases brain reorganisation, while escitalopram decreases it, and these changes relate to how the brain's areas interact with each other in people with major depressive disorder.
748h agoHuman iPSC-derived photoreceptors remain stable and functional over a range of differentiation stages and can integrate into a degenerative retina, enabling light-evoked responses in host retinal ganglion cells.
748h agoThe entropy-based framework characterizes the distribution of brain networks across independent components, providing a measure of network representational integration that distinguishes between specialized and distributed brain configurations.
748h agoBeta-band activity predicts perceptual decisions, while alpha-band activity reflects the allocation of attention, showing a functional dissociation between attentional orienting and perceptual decision-making.
748h agoCerebral blood flow values in healthy rodents show a broad variability due to experimental confounds rather than physiological differences.
748h agoOpioid withdrawal recruits a pathway from the extended amygdala to the striosome that suppresses dopamine release, contributing to the negative affective state that drives opioid withdrawal and relapse vulnerability.
748h agoThe FOXP2 gene plays a key role in regulating fear-related behaviors in the amygdala by controlling the expression of multiple genes involved in fear learning.
748h agoCalbindin-expressing layer 2-3 excitatory neurons in the entorhinal cortex are preferentially lost in Alzheimer's disease because they are prone to accumulating high levels of abnormal tau protein.
748h agoHeat stress induces a conserved molecular response that suppresses biosynthetic and energy-demanding activity, and selective Purkinje neuron vulnerability is linked to intrinsic metabolic and electrophysiological properties.
748h agoThe superior colliculus represents target velocity rapidly and robustly, using a V-shaped neural activity pattern that encodes speed and direction, and this information is strongest near the border between superficial and intermediate layers.
748h agoMotor areas in the brain involved in pitch production help people perceive prosody, or the rhythm and intonation of speech, by working together with auditory regions.
748h agoInformation not currently needed but stored in working memory for potential future use is represented in the brain by an active neural state.
748h agoWWOX contributes to DNA damage in Huntington's disease by promoting DNA double-strand breaks, independently of the ATM pathway.
748h agoSuper-Recognisers have different neural representations of face identity than typical recognisers, with more consistent and stronger signals that better distinguish between individual faces.
764h agoPTEN regulates neuronal growth and intrinsic excitability through separate downstream mechanisms, involving AKT-mTORC2 pathway to control spike repolarization and burst firing, and mTORC1 pathway to regulate growth.
764h agoCoherent scenes help people recognize objects by speeding up object processing and adding helpful information that depends on the scene's structure.
764h agoA novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging probe targets microglia in the brain, enabling detection and quantification of microglial reactivity, a key driver of Parkinson's disease progression.
764h agoTDP-43 is linked to distinct transcriptomic programs in Alzheimer's disease with limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (AD/LATE) that are largely separate from Tau burden.
764h agoPatient-derived cerebral organoids detect almost every nominated Alzheimer's disease biomarker and reproduce disease-associated changes in about one in four of the most reproducible candidates.
768h agoThe mitochondrial unfolded protein response drives microglial senescence, disrupting communication between glia and neurons, and accelerates misfolded protein pathology.
772h agoHumans value information according to a predictable equation that combines deep learning and symbolic regression.
772h agoNucleus accumbens dopamine transients evoked by reward-predictive cues encode subjective reward value in mice, predicting individual preference for drugs over natural rewards and vulnerability to compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
772h agoMitochondrial proteotoxic stress causes changes in methionine and lipid metabolism in human microglia, leading to cellular senescence, disrupted communication between neurons and glial cells, and linking mitochondrial dysfunction to brain aging and neurodegeneration.
772h agoAmygdalar acetylcholine signals represent salience, and striatal D1 and D2 neurons control these signals to shape learning.
772h agoThe brain predicts physical events by simulating object dynamics through a spatiotemporally organized neural architecture that dynamically allocates cognitive resources.
776h agoA-to-I RNA editing regulates TDP-43 localization and RNA interactions, promoting increased nuclear export of TDP-43.
776h agoChronic sleep restriction decreases the distinction between REM sleep and wakefulness, while acute sleep deprivation increases the stability of slow wave sleep and changes non-REM sleep.
776h agoPathogenic variants in voltage gated sodium channel genes SCN2A and SCN8A cause seizure activity, which can be decreased by anti-seizure medications.
776h agoMitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates synaptic transmission and neuronal firing during high-rate activity by reducing asynchronous neurotransmitter release and promoting temporal processing.
776h agoAcetylcholine and noradrenaline guide perceptual decision making by modulating the updating of prior expectations in response to new evidence during learning.
776h agoCoordinated action between people involves different brain mechanisms in leaders and followers, with leaders showing top-down predictive control and followers showing bottom-up adaptive regulation.
776h agoSleep deprivation disrupts emotional adaptation to sustained or resolving threat, causing people to stay in a state of heightened arousal and lose control over their emotions.
776h agoThe Automated Cognitive Scientist (AutoCog) system autonomously generates and tests theories of decision-making, producing new theories that outperform existing ones and generalizing to new experimental settings.
780h agoComponents in complex adaptive systems persist and organize themselves when their outputs are utilized by other components, leading to the emergence of functional interaction networks.
780h agoCognitive tasks are organized by shared and specialized neural processes that allow for transfer of information between tasks, with motor tasks transferring well within their own category but not to other categories, and working-memory tasks being highly prioritized under certain conditions.
780h agoClassification accuracy of small-scale spiking neural networks follows a power-law scaling mainly with the number of categories, while the effects of neuron count and stimulus nodes are relatively minor.
780h agoTactile localization research depends on theoretical ideas and methodological approaches, which can lead to different conclusions due to biases associated with specific experimental methods.
780h agoComputational neuroscience uses modeling and data analysis to connect language theories from linguistics to neural mechanisms in the brain.
780h agoThe endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform improves the accuracy of instantaneous phase estimates by reducing boundary artefacts, and its output can be decomposed into a desired term and a residual leakage term that sets a variance floor.
780h agoThe internal reliability in dynamical networks, which describes whether replicas of a unit follow the dynamics of a reference unit, can be quantified by transversal Lyapunov exponents and demonstrated in simple systems of coupled phase oscillators.
780h agoThe generalized Yang-Baxter equations have symmetries that depend on the number of sites they involve, and these symmetries are more numerous than those of the standard Yang-Baxter equation.
780h agoThe pentagram map can be generalized from polygons to polyhedra, and these generalizations are integrable through partial difference operators.
780h agoA simple reservoir computing framework predicts noise-induced bifurcation structures in dynamical systems from time series data at a single noise condition.
780h agoThe Collatz map's upward phases follow a Gamma distribution, which can be explained by modeling the occurrence of upward phases as a homogeneous Poisson process.
780h agoA data-driven framework maps noisy time series onto the Hopf normal form, enabling inference of underlying dynamics, and yields robust estimates of system parameters.
780h agoComponents in complex adaptive systems persist and organize themselves when their outputs are utilized by other components, leading to the emergence of functional interaction networks.
780h agoPhotonic-crystal structure with two split modes reduces the pump power threshold for excitation of degenerate optical parametric oscillations via bichromatic pump.
780h agoRigid algorithmic uniformity in automated systems, such as commercial adaptive cruise control, creates systemic fragility and increases fuel consumption and carbon emissions, whereas human-driven platoons dissipate disturbances and maintain smoother flow.
780h agoThe slow and fast time scales in the method of multiple scales are not fully independent, but connected by a non-trivial phase shift that arises from nonlinearity.
780h agoLarge Language Models alter the emergent properties of language, with changes including a sharp increase in turnover among top-ranked words and a flattening of the relationship between LLM style and complexity metrics.
780h agoThe differential of the log of the partition function for the 2-matrix model with quartic interactions converges to the differential of the τ-function for the (3,4) string equation in a certain double-scaling regime.
780h agoDeep-learning emulators accurately reproduce a complex marine biogeochemistry model, producing high-quality predictions at a fraction of the computational cost, and can even outperform the parent model in forecasting applications.
780h agoThe dynamics of local subsystems in a large quantum many-body system can be understood as effectively open, with the system producing its own effective bath through influence matrices that can be characterised exactly in certain solvable cases, such as Rule 201, a deterministic version of the Floquet-PXP model.
780h agoQuasi-homogeneous integrable systems have an arithmetic resonance condition on Kovalevskaya exponents that governs the emergence of fractional powers and breakdown of the Painlev\'e property.
780h agoThe synchronization transition in networks of coupled oscillators depends on the interplay between microscopic dynamics and mesoscopic connectivity structure.
780h agoThe Lie theory of non-commutative integrability reconstructs integrable systems of ordinary differential equations in three-dimensional Euclidean space, including the Darboux-Brioschi-Halphen system and other systems related to solvable Lie algebras.
780h agoFinite-temperature corrections reshape pattern formation in dipolar quantum gases by shifting structural boundaries and changing the parameter region of connected density-modulated states.
780h agoThe first order trotterization of the critical transverse field Ising model retains its conserved quantities and has a non-invertible Kramers-Wannier duality-symmetry that leads to a doubling of duality operators.
780h agoWesterly wind bursts amplify El Niño events, and a conditional additive and multiplicative noise model better captures their effects on sea surface temperature than traditional Gaussian noise models.
780h agoThe axisymmetric Willmore equation is reduced to a first-order ordinary differential equation, relating the distance from the axis of revolution and the signed hyperbolic curvature of the meridian through a quartic algebraic equation with two constants of integration.
780h agoThe gauge-invariant dynamically conserved charges and their densities for instanton solutions of Yang-Mills theories in four-dimensional Euclidean space are defined and evaluated through the integral non-Abelian Gauss law.
780h agoA symmetry defines an invariant submanifold in the isomonodromic deformation problem associated with rank-two meromorphic connections, which coincides with the Flaschka-Newell Painlev\'{e} II hierarchy.
780h agoPhysical learning systems need signal amplification and suppression, along with nonlinearity, to perform complex computations.
780h agoRenewable generation can strengthen grid stability through synthetic inertia, advanced inverter-based control, and coordinated transmission planning.
780h agoThe planar Hall resistivity and magnetoresistivity of Weyl semimetals exhibit a phase-shifted angular dependence, described by $\sin 2(\phi+\phi_r)$ and $\cos 2(\phi+\phi_r)$, due to an intrinsic quadratic magnetic-field contribution to the planar transport response.
780h agoQuantum annealing estimates the ground state energy of large spin glass systems, with a method that efficiently handles up to 40,000 spins.
780h agoQuantum chaos stops at a generic entanglement transition in many-body systems, which implies that a certain "mass" term vanishes in the field theory of the measurement-induced phase transition for monitored, interacting fermions.
780h agoThe protein Btbd11 regulates excitatory synapse transmission in hippocampal interneurons by promoting phase separation and supporting postsynaptic nanoarchitecture.
780h agoAdult-onset expression of human tau protein in fruit flies causes sexually dimorphic effects on survival and behaviour, with females showing a greater reduction in lifespan and males exhibiting hyperactivity.
780h agoMethamphetamine exposure causes different brain changes in infant and adult mice, affecting the way they behave and altering the expression of certain proteins that control nerve activity.
780h agoChildren with dyslexia have a selective deficit in processing achromatic motion in the colliculus-pulvinar pathway, which contributes to their reading difficulties.
780h agoA modular neural recording platform built from commercially available components can successfully recover local field potential-like waveforms and detect spike-like activity, demonstrating the feasibility of building affordable and customizable electrophysiology systems.
780h agoApplying anti-epileptic drugs and other compounds immediately after traumatic brain injury can block subsequent tau aggregation and neurodegeneration.
780h agoStronger brain connections before drinking predict greater alcohol consumption in adolescents, and heavier drinkers show abnormal brain development, with persistent hyperconnectivity in theta-band associated with current alcohol use.
780h agoFeedforward connectivity determines the geometry of neural representations, and recurrent connectivity improves stimulus encoding under fast noise.
780h agoST3GAL3 regulates excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance in the cortices, and its deficiency disrupts synaptic function and plasticity, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders.
780h agoA p53-{Delta}Np73 signaling pathway drives motor neuron degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy by converting a survival factor into a driver of neurodegeneration.
780h agoDopamine release in the basolateral amygdala, triggered by reward-predictive cues, enables the brain to make adaptive decisions and learn from cues associated with rewards.
780h agoThe multiple demand network in the brain, which includes areas in prefrontal and parietal cortices, has a fine-grained organization with distinct subregions that specialize in different cognitive tasks, including visual, spatial, linguistic, and semantic processes.
780h agoScientists developed an Organ-on-Chip system that mimics the brain's neurovascular unit to study how brain cells interact and use energy.
780h agoPeptidergic neurons in the brain directly sense intracellular protein deficiency and use this information to guide protein intake by modulating appetite based on amino acid storage levels.
780h agoA small cluster of neurons, called commissural pioneer neurons, integrates sensory channels in the olfactory system by relaying class-specific input and coordinating the convergence of different sensory modalities.
784h agoTachykinin neuropeptides modulate the formation and activity of en passant synapses and prevent aberrant axon branching during the growth of zebrafish motor axons.
784h agoSTX, a non-steroidal estrogenic compound, protects against neurodegeneration by enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and modulating VDAC channel properties, potentially increasing cellular energy stores.
788h agoMismatch repair (MMR) components, particularly MSH3 and PMS1, regulate somatic repeat expansion in the brain, and alterations in MMR biology are linked to neuronal function and vulnerability in Huntington's disease.
788h agoGeographical disparities in GPU hardware availability are limiting scientific participation.
792h agoSocial technologies should be aligned with societal values through a framework that focuses on procedural fairness to mitigate risks.
792h agoDeep-brain stimulation treats movement and neuropsychiatric disorders by changing network activity in the brain over time.
796h agoLearning changes prefrontal cortex activity from flexible, complex representations into simple, task-focused codes, allowing generalization of learned rules to new situations.
796h agoHippocampal ripples increase before unpredictable events and help the visual cortex respond faster and stronger to surprising stimuli.
796h agoIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder have brain structural features that align with a faster pace of biological aging, and differences in brain structure mainly drive this pattern.
796h agoThe MaxEnt-DTD algorithm provides a reliable and efficient framework for jointly analyzing fiber orientations and tissue microstructure in diffusion MRI data.
796h agoThe ESCRT-0 protein Hrs regulates synaptic strength by localizing to synapses, sorting ubiquitinated membrane proteins, and modulating neuronal activity to impact glutamatergic transmission and AMPA receptor function.
796h agoAlzheimer's disease disrupts normal brain aging, with measurable changes in brain-state organization that deviate from healthy aging, particularly in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's.
796h agoPolychronous neuronal groups emerge in a small-world network topology, allowing for a rich and reproducible neural computation.
804h agoFunctional memory in complex systems, such as gene networks and transportation systems, is organised in a hierarchical depth that is greater than random weight assignment, and it follows a low-dimensional structure with four recurrent dynamical organisations.
804h agoThe collective dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neural networks stem from the interplay of intrinsic neuronal characteristics, network topology, and external stimuli.
804h agoInformation exchange between brain regions V4 and IT is temporally and semantically varied within the first 100ms of processing, and neural pattern dynamics carry categorical information over time, challenging the view of a single feedforward process in primate vision.
804h agoStructural connections in the brain map onto tau propagation pathways in Alzheimer's disease, and these connections encode spatially specific information about regional tau distribution.
804h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
804h agoAmari-type neural fields can be controlled using piecewise constant-in-time inputs to steer neural activity from an initial state to a target state.
804h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: The solution to the problem of continual learning systems is to use contraction, not expansion, which involves collapsing validated metric neighborhoods into compact tokens to prevent representational overlap and catastrophic interference.
804h agoKink antikink collisions in higher order scalar field theories exhibit different critical velocities, resonance structures, and scattering characteristics depending on whether the models are standard or shifted periodic.
804h agoHigher-order nondegenerate soliton solutions of the Manakov system are obtained using the Darboux transformation, exhibiting asymmetric localized profiles with multiple intensity peaks.
804h agoData-driven methods identify discrete breathers in two-dimensional crystal lattices by analyzing locally sampled wave data and distinguishing between linear and nonlinear waves.
804h agoA family of discrete equations has been found to possess independent invariants that help determine the integrality of sequences.
804h agoThe study proposes a digitization method that captures qualitative features of the dynamics of three interacting particles on a circle, and finds that the method distinguishes between periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic orbits.
804h agoThere are 24 possible spectral classes of integrable hierarchies that characterise commuting symmetries of two-component polynomial evolutionary systems of odd order.
804h agoThe asymmetric generalized Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy has a local tri-Hamiltonian structure, and its central invariants and Frobenius manifold are constructed and computed.
804h agoA new framework based on a generalized phase allows for simple and robust inference of coupling in oscillatory systems without needing to construct isochrons.
804h agoA minimal frustrated Vicsek-Kuramoto active-particle model realizes a non-Hermitian Chern bulk-boundary correspondence through a nonlinear saturation ansatz that generates robust one-way boundary flow.
804h agoSwitching to jet space preserves the symmetry group of the original system, allowing for exact preservation of geometry and symmetries in attractor reconstruction from time series.
804h agoMachine learning algorithms are opaque because their learning process is complex, characterized by sensitivity to initial conditions, feedback in optimization, and sensitivity to training data.
804h agoThe quantum geometry of lattice systems governs the deviation from critical behavior in weakly interacting bosonic systems, and it is directly proportional to the fourth-order dispersion.
804h agoAnisotropic long-range interactions in a quasi-2D dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate stabilize a straight dark soliton, which is protected from decay by the interactions.
804h agoA novel 2+1-dimensional extension of the solitonic Dym equation admits a Painlev\'e II symmetry reduction that allows exact solution of a class of Stefan-type moving boundary problems.
804h agoPolychronous neuronal groups emerge in a small-world network topology, allowing for a rich and reproducible neural computation.
804h agoThe Granovetter threshold model shows that collective behavior is shaped by individual agents' thresholds to join a movement, with the distribution of these thresholds determining whether a cascade leads to widespread mobilization or remains limited.
804h agoThe generalized Camassa--Holm peakon model has a bi-Hamiltonian structure defined by linear and quadratic Poisson brackets.
804h agoA new control method guarantees safety and improves performance in learning-based control problems by using a novel type of control barrier function and a model-based safe reinforcement learning framework.
804h agoLinear response theory helps predict how added forcing changes the statistical properties of a system, and a new rigorous theory applies this to nonautonomous systems that evolve over time under external influences.
804h agoHyperbolic hypergeometric integrals degenerate to complex hypergeometric functions, specifically the univariate hyperbolic beta integral and the conical function degenerate to two-dimensional integrals over the complex plane.
804h agoNatural systems, including climate models, can have multiple alternative states, and a new workflow can identify these states and determine which variables best distinguish between them.
804h agoThe model exhibits a continuous phase transition at car density p=1/2 between a low-density free-flowing phase and a high-density congested phase, and analytical results provide insight into congestion and relaxation in deterministic traffic flow.
804h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
804h agoThe three-dimensional SU(2) gauge glass model shows the same critical behavior as the pure ferromagnetic system when disorder is weak, and the paramagnetic-spin glass transition has universal critical behavior regardless of disorder.
804h agoThe energy landscape of RNA secondary structures shows ultrametric organization, which is determined by the order of nucleotides, not by nucleotide composition.
804h agoFunctional memory in complex systems, such as gene networks and transportation systems, is organised in a hierarchical depth that is greater than random weight assignment, and it follows a low-dimensional structure with four recurrent dynamical organisations.
804h agoThe interplay between connectivity and disorder in complex systems produces a rich variety of spectral behaviours, including five distinct spectral phases.
804h agoHyperbolic neural quantum states outperform Euclidean neural quantum states in simulating many-body quantum physics systems, especially at phase transitions or when the systems have a hierarchical structure.
804h agoA small language model learns and then forgets certain rules, such as pronoun-gender agreement, due to the frequency of supporting evidence in the training data.
804h agoNeural ODEs with curated equilibrium points can be used to classify inputs by directing them to target classes through shaped dynamical landscapes.
804h agoAutonomous tuning using cross-platform transfer learning successfully adjusts a Kitaev chain to a Poor Man's Majorana sweet spot, converging to the target within 45 minutes or less in most cases.
804h agoStrongly disordered superconductors' coherence times are limited by low-temperature microwave dissipation caused by a new type of bulk localized collective modes arising from spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting state.
804h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
804h agoIncreasing working memory load changes whole-brain activity patterns, with low-load conditions linked to default mode network, intermediate loads to attention and frontoparietal networks, and high loads to salience and inhibitory control representations.
804h agoVitamin D3 supplementation mitigates behavioral and molecular abnormalities in a mouse model of schizophrenia by rescuing gene expression, synaptic function, and neurotrophin factors.
804h agoMalat1 regulates alcohol consumption in a sex-specific manner, with its absence leading to reduced alcohol intake in females.
804h agoPrenatal e-cigarette exposure disrupts normal brain development in neonatal rats by altering lipid metabolism, increasing calcium signaling and synaptic stress, and delaying neuron maturation, which may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.
804h agoAnxiety leads people to leave rewarding situations too early, resulting in fewer rewards, because they have trouble using information about rewards to guide their decisions.
804h agoHippocampal atrophy and altered functional connectivity contribute to cognitive impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with specific relationships between hippocampal structure, connectivity, and multidomain symptoms.
804h agoBinocular response emerges as narrow strips along borders of ocular dominance columns, with most interactions near these boundaries being cross-columnar, and feedback from layer 6 being largely monocular.
804h agoJSPACE, a new framework, estimates interactions among brain generators from scalp cross-spectra and reveals a continuous landscape of age, frequency, and interaction strength in brain connectivity across the lifespan.
804h agoMorphine treatment increases dopamine neuron activity in the midbrain and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, but suppresses transient activity at dopamine sensors, likely due to sensor saturation.
804h agoCHAMP1 mutations disrupt neuronal development by affecting DNA repair, membrane excitability, ion channel function, and synaptic connectivity, leading to intellectual disability, developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder.
804h agoCocaine self-administration causes cell-type specific changes in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region involved in drug-seeking behavior, with distinct neuron and glial cell populations showing different responses.
804h agoNeuroinflammatory disorders worsen over time due to brain state changes, with areas of the brain showing hyperactivity and damage, and other areas showing reduced function.
812h agoEndothelial CD73 reduces brain damage after ischemic stroke by promoting the conversion of extracellular ATP into tissue-protective adenosine, thereby decreasing neuroinflammation and infarct volume.
812h agoPost-fixation contrast agent exposure during rehydration is sufficient to achieve stable relaxation parameters and DWI compatibility in ex vivo avian brain tissue.
812h agoScarring-associated fibroblasts and osteoclast-like macrophages interact in a way that is associated with the formation and rupture of brain aneurysms.
816h agoMixed polarity in neurons, where dendrites and axons both send and receive signals, is widespread and highly structured across neuronal populations in the brain.
816h agoAdiposity in adolescence is associated with weaker and less resilient brain networks supporting decision-making, control, emotional regulation, and social function.
824h agoNeural networks with local cycles have enhanced computational abilities, and adding a small number of sparsely connected interneurons to these networks dramatically increases their capacity to compute complex functions.
828h agoThe Morality Game is a platform that standardizes and accelerates research on cooperation and morality through game theory-based experiments.
828h agoThe study develops a tool to help interpret cytokine panels in patients with cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus (cNORSE), enabling clinicians to quickly identify the most likely inflammatory cluster and track changes over time.
828h agoListening to different chants and sounds changes neural activity in a child's brain, with Shiv Tandav Stotra listening producing the strongest brain connectivity and activation across multiple brain regions.
828h agoCollege students commonly experience insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality, with hyperarousal across cognitive, emotional, and physiological domains contributing to insomnia, and prefrontal hypoactivity playing a key role in this process.
828h agoNo single decoding pipeline works best for all people when using brain-computer interfaces to decode motor imagery, and matching a pipeline to an individual person can add accuracy.
828h agoThe brain's activity patterns and transitions are governed by a geometric structure that is shaped by the balance of excitation and inhibition in neuronal networks.
828h agoTwo experiments are proposed to identify quantum markers in neural data by testing if neural activity follows quantum or classical equations.
828h agoThe geometry of a metamaterial can be optimized to improve sensing accuracy by reshaping external stimuli into internal signals that are easier for a neural network to interpret.
828h agoBinocular response emerges in narrow strips along the borders of ocular dominance columns, with most interactions near these boundaries being cross-columnar in 10-30% of cases.
828h agoA connection on the formal disc defines the vacuum of the Drinfeld-Sokolov KdV hierarchy and describes an additional symmetry through its Katz extension.
828h agoMonic finite-band scalar difference operators are characterized by an arithmetic progression of exponents, and are classified by three integers (N,p,m) that give rise to infinite hierarchies of local Lax flows.
828h agoThe diatomic FPUT lattice with cubic anharmonic potential exhibits two distinct types of recurrence, one classic and one due to interactions between modes in the dispersion relation branches.
828h agoAdding a few slow modes to reservoir computing enables robust prediction and reproduction of chaotic dynamics under partial observation by reconstructing the attractor set in a stable region of the representation space.
828h agoA recurrence analysis method identifies and characterizes chimera states in networks, enabling clear discrimination between synchronization regimes and detecting transitions between collective states.
828h agoDemographic noise generates stochastic Turing patterns in reaction-diffusion systems that are otherwise stable.
828h agoAn infinite hierarchy of solvability conditions allows for the analysis of correlation functions and entanglement dynamics in exactly solvable non-integrable quantum circuits.
828h agoChaotic dynamics is marked by a divergence of the speed-Fisher information with protocol time, which relates to irreversible entropy production and is controlled by a perturbation's low-frequency spectral weight.
828h agoTurbulent hydrodynamics in quantum fluids exhibit many-body quantum effects, especially near zero temperature, that can be studied using modern quantum many-body techniques.
828h agoThe Entropy flow, a new object constructed from a one-parameter family of vector fields, pushes trajectories into more complex states, realizing the transition from order to chaos.
828h agoThe string scattering amplitudes of highly-excited states and ground states have characteristics of multi-dimensional chaos, with distributions of spacing ratios matching the Gaussian beta-ensembles and showing a ramp and plateau in the areas form factor.
828h agoFlexible and extensible chains of active particles exhibit complex dynamics, including periodic motion, under follower activity, with their behaviour depending on chain length, segment mass, and activity.
828h agoThe Quantum Split-Step Fourier algorithm provides a numerical framework to analyze quantum fluctuations in nonlinear optical waveguides, revealing that soliton-driven resonant radiation becomes increasingly entangled with the rest of the spectrum.
828h agoA symmetry defines an invariant submanifold whose dynamics coincides with the Flaschka-Newell Painlev\'{e} II hierarchy, matching Lax matrices, Darboux coordinates, and Hamiltonian structures with the even Painlev\'{e} IV hierarchy.
828h agoTemporal redistribution of sparse interlayer connections can stabilise replica-node coherence in networks with spatially heterogeneous intralayer dynamics.
828h agoTime delays in pairwise coupling can naturally give rise to higher-order interactions, including three-body interactions, in Kuramoto oscillators.
828h agoAn integrable extended 3-site Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbour interactions exists for certain coupling parameters.
828h agoA framework for lower-bounding periods among periodic solutions to autonomous dynamical systems uses auxiliary functions and semidefinite programming to compute bounds that can be validated with rational arithmetic.
828h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in their spectral form factor, which can be described using a low-temperature Coulomb gas model and reproduced through perturbed permutation circuits and random matrix ensembles.
828h agoThe minimal coupling strength required for a fully phase-locked equilibrium in the Kuramoto model is defined by the smallest coupling strength for which the rescaled frequency vector lies inside a convex set in frequency space.
828h agoThe Bayesian-inverse-Bayesian inference model produces critical dynamics in repeated games, staying in a heavy-tailed state with a power law distribution, by continually reconstructing the hypothesis space boundary.
828h agoTopological defects in amorphous solids correlate with soft spots, plastic rearrangements, yielding, and shear-band formation, offering a new perspective on the microscopic origins of plasticity in disordered materials.
828h agoAnderson localization on the Bethe lattice is characterized by interference effects that suppress wave propagation, and its study provides insights into the transition through the resolvent formalism and cavity approach.
828h agoThe double quasiperiodic MAA model allows for new localization-delocalization transitions and provides a framework for studying the transition processes between quasiperiodic models, broadening the understanding of Anderson localization.
828h agoThe Kondo-Heisenberg model shows a change in Fermi volume and unconventional superconductivity as Kondo coupling increases.
828h agoCyclic denoising exposes hidden regions of image diffusion models, revealing memorized training images, including stock photographs and brand watermarks, without needing gradients or prior knowledge of the training data.
828h agoNonlinearity in hidden units and statistical properties of weights in Restricted Boltzmann Machines determine the distribution induced on binary visible units.
828h agoA new physics-inspired transformer enables neural-network simulations of spin-glass systems to unprecedented sizes on a single GPU, achieving up to two orders of magnitude speedup over existing methods.
828h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in their spectral form factor, which can be described using a low-temperature Coulomb gas model and reproduced through perturbed permutation circuits and random matrix ensembles.
828h agoA neural network model reconstructs the background geometry, dilaton potential, and chiral-symmetry-breaking scalar potential of holographic QCD from hadron mass spectra, predicting a steep dilaton profile and computing parameters that accurately forecast the pion mass spectrum.
828h agoThe spreadability of two-phase heterogeneous media follows a power-law scaling that allows determination of the infinite-wavelength scaling exponent, which characterizes the microstructure across length scales.
828h agoDeep networks with small initialization exhibit long plateaus separated by sharp transitions, and their training dynamics can be classified into four universality classes based on the activation function used.
828h agoThe quantum metric of a flat band sets a lower bound on the exponential decay length of bound states that arise from local impurities.
828h agoTraumatic brain injury causes widespread axonal damage that can be automatically quantified using PIGMENT, a deep-learning framework that accurately detects and measures APP-positive pathology in histology samples.
828h agoAllosteric beta1 integrin modulation reduces motor asymmetry in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease when treatment starts 7 days after brain damage.
828h agoSynuclein spreading between cells rewires communication between mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and endo/lysosomal compartments, impairing mitochondrial quality control and neuron-astrocyte crosstalk.
828h agoVentral pallidal GABAergic neurons control the drive to eat palatable foods and are necessary for diet-induced obesity in mice.
832h agoMultisensory integration depends on the combination of low-level features and top-down control, with the effectiveness of sensory integration changing based on the spatial coincidence and relevance of the cues.
832h agoA multi-timescale sensory model with a deep fractional memory can track long-term environmental trends and maintain stable encoding by continuously subtracting slow environmental variance.
832h agoSelective attention is controlled by distinct neural computations that jointly encode the spatiotemporal dynamics of attention, with scalp voltage and alpha-band power showing different patterns in response to target cues and attention tasks.
832h agoComCat, an extension of the ComBat framework, removes unwanted variability from neuroimaging data by accounting for both categorical and continuous sources of confounding, improving brain analysis tasks such as brain age prediction.
832h agoCognitive decline has a discrete structure, with loss of specific mental abilities, rather than a continuous gradual decline.
832h agoCognitive flexibility improves rapidly from childhood to young adulthood and then declines slowly, with reward-based learning maturing around age 18 and rule-based learning peaking around age 20.
832h agoGaming addiction can spread through social interaction, with individuals with high addiction levels influencing those with low addiction levels when playing competitive video games together.
832h agoCombining digital holographic microscopy, deep-learning-based image analysis, and graph theory enables quantitative characterization of neuronal network organization and maturation from label-free phase images.
832h agoA semi-automated curation pipeline labels the quality of units after automated curation, accurately classifying 97% of units as good, noise, or multi-unit activity, matching expert manual curation.
832h agoA new method using optogenetics allows precise stimulation of corneal nociceptors, enabling automated detection of blink reflexes in mice, which can be used to assess corneal pain.
832h agoRandom-access electron microscopy enables researchers to study tissue at multiple scales by first mapping a specimen at low resolution and then targeting specific areas for high-resolution imaging.
832h agoPerception of vibrotactile stimuli is influenced by recent experience in a feature-specific way, with perceived intensity and duration being attracted towards previously perceived intensities and durations, respectively.
832h agoPeople tend to stick with their initial decisions, even when faced with contradictory evidence, but those with better self-awareness skills are more flexible and less biased in their decision-making.
832h agoCortical slow oscillations recover after ischemic stroke, but this recovery does not relate to behavioral improvement; instead, the balance of slow oscillations between brain hemispheres before the stroke predicts later behavioral outcome.
832h agoThe organization of lumbar dorsal rootlets limits the spatial selectivity of lateral spinal cord stimulation, causing percepts to spread to unintended regions of the residual limb.
832h agoA new library of combinatorial optimization problems provides a standardized way to compare quantum and classical algorithms.
836h agoThe Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library enables fair and reproducible benchmarks of quantum heuristics for difficult combinatorial optimization problems.
836h agoOptical recording with pinhole illumination increases the optical signal of calcium transients from over 300 individual neurons in ex vivo brain slices densely labeled with GCaMP6f.
836h agoIntense aesthetic experiences are associated with a qualitatively distinct neural state, characterised by specific configurations of brain activity that differentiate them from less intense responses.
836h agoThe brain's functional networks, made up of both positive and negative correlations, change across different cognitive task states and frequency bands, with positive correlations forming modular networks and negative correlations forming anti-modular networks that improve overall efficiency.
836h agoA neuromechanical framework inspired by the American cockroach links antenna passive mechanics, mechanosensory encoding, and spike-based computation, revealing how physical interactions shape efficient sensory coding and enable fast and reliable tactile perception.
836h agoThe ABCA7 rs3752231 risk variant increases Alzheimer's disease risk by impairing microglial plaque containment and leading to maladaptive astrocyte responses.
836h agoThe survival, integration, and maturation of donor photoreceptors depend on the degenerative retinal microenvironment, which affects transplantation efficiency.
836h agoSleep discontinuity after learning hurts memory accuracy and brain activity for recalling object-context pairs, and this relationship varies across younger and older adults.
836h agoUltraflexible neural electrodes used in intracortical microstimulation create gas bubbles that affect the safety and effectiveness of the treatment, with low to moderate currents causing minor vascular leakage and high currents leading to extensive damage.
836h agoAmyloid PET scans show heterogeneous patterns of uptake, with a posterior predominant pattern linked to more severe impairment, thinner cortex, and greater tau PET burden.
836h agoRepresentational drift in neural networks arises from predictive synaptic plasticity, causing individual neurons to change their preferred patterns over time while ensemble-level coding remains stable.
836h agoCerebellar aging occurs unevenly across the brain and supports mental sharpness in older age.
840h agoMicrotubule-stabilizing agents preserve ciliary integrity in central canal-associated cells, which reduces glial scarring, improves tissue continuity, and enhances locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury.
840h agoCircular RNAs are dysregulated in a model of human tauopathy and form networks with microRNAs that target and regulate key pathways associated with tau disease.
840h agoAging modifies the response to benzodiazepine challenge, with younger and older adults differing in baseline corticospinal excitability and paired-pulse TMS responses, and intravenous midazolam affecting these responses differently in each age group.
844h agoEndosomal sorting complexes regulate the surface expression of neurotransmitter receptors through stage-specific trafficking mechanisms that affect receptor recycling and degradative processing.
844h agoGaze transitions between meaningfully related objects in a scene during initial viewing and recall indicate that eye movements track scene structure, and this relational gaze during encoding predicts later recall of object and relational details.
848h agoA theory of phase-locked activity in delayed spiking networks shows that activity-dependent myelination regulates temporal coordination, synchrony, and communication through coherence in spiking neural systems.
848h agoDelays in neural connections coordinate synchronization patterns in neurons by creating self-sustained oscillations that can be out-of-phase or in-phase.
848h agoNeurons with binocular response emerge in narrow strips along borders of ocular dominance columns, mostly when 10-30% of interactions near these borders are cross-columnar.
848h agoA computerized tumbling-E task creates a dataset that captures how humans make perceptual decisions over time, showing fast reaction times and smooth adaptation to visual stimuli.
848h agoA new framework called SPIDER recovers directed information flow between brain regions from incomplete and asynchronous recordings, revealing brain-wide spontaneous flow and a theta-band hierarchy across species and modality.
848h agoEstimating common synaptic input from motor unit spike trains can be done using three categories of analytical approaches: time-domain, frequency-domain, and network-information methods.
848h agoFormulating confirmation bias on the space of square-root probabilities reveals that optimal evidence choice leads to a confirmation bias, which has two evolutionary advantages: requiring minimal memory capacity and reducing error probability exponentially in sample size.
848h agoDelayed coupling in inhibitory neural networks generates low-frequency rhythms through an effective slow-fast structure in the phase-difference dynamics, independent of intrinsic cellular properties.
848h agoA simple spiking neuron model with specific plasticity and adaptation rules generates stable, self-propagating wave packets in a two-dimensional recurrent network.
848h agoA temporal graph framework called DevoTG uses neural networks to analyze the development of the C. elegans nervous system, identifying connection stability classes and revealing persistent centrality in key interneurons.
848h agoA neurogeometric model of the arm area of motor cortex encodes complex motor primitives, including movement features and patterns, using a sub-riemannian framework and a geometric kernel to describe cortical connectivity and activity.
848h agoSocial anxiety does not lead to different autonomic responses during a cognitively demanding emotional task, but resting-state physiological differences between socially anxious and non-anxious individuals can be detected.
848h agoHuman cognition is shaped by adapting to the statistical structure of real-world tasks, and a new computational framework called Ecologically Rational Meta-learned Inference (ERMI) captures human behavior in learning and decision-making by internalizing these statistical regularities.
848h agoBrain health is a dynamic process shaped by genetic and environmental influences throughout development, and early-life experiences modulate long-term cognitive and emotional outcomes.
848h agoThe topology of a neural manifold is constrained by the mathematical structure of the computational task it supports, with findings suggesting that a toroidal latent topology underlies the mammalian grid cell system.
848h agoNeuronal populations operate near criticality, and static maximum entropy models can distinguish subcritical from critical or supercritical systems, but not between critical and supercritical systems.
848h agoConsciousness arises from a single control agent, the Modeler-schema, which monitors and refines the brain's internal world model, generating experience through qualia conversion.
848h agoA framework of seven questions helps organize and compare theories of consciousness by focusing on causal relations and providing a common basis for analysis.
848h agoOptimal learning protocols can be identified by combining statistical physics with control theory in a unified framework, leading to interpretable strategies that minimize generalization error in neural network models.
848h agoHierarchical structure guides online comprehension by influencing reading before the eyes fixate a word and dominates the reading path, outweighing statistical features.
848h agoBrain-DiT, a universal multi-state fMRI foundation model, learns generalized representations across diverse brain states by using metadata-conditioned diffusion pretraining with a Diffusion Transformer.
848h agoPositive Alignment, a new approach to AI system development, focuses on actively supporting human and ecological flourishing while ensuring safety and cooperation.
848h agoDelayed coupling in inhibitory neural networks generates low-frequency rhythms through an effective slow-fast structure in the phase-difference dynamics, independent of intrinsic cellular properties.
848h agoCompartmentalizing a single molecular species into intracellular and extracellular fields can produce diffusion-driven instabilities that lead to pattern formation.
848h agoAn eigenvector-based initial perturbation scheme enables controllable high-fidelity excitation of desired vector Akhmediev breathers by selectively exciting a single modulation instability branch in the focusing Manakov system.
848h agoPair disorder in a one-dimensional swarmalator model creates distinct states, including a bursty active async state and a glassy phase wave, in addition to altering static ring-model states.
848h agoThe sandpile dynamics on networks shows a transition in avalanche statistics as nodes are rewired to allow energy release, with changes in load distribution and network measures.
848h agoA full arbitrary-genus dark soliton gas for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation is introduced, which divides the self-similar line into 2N+1 nonempty sectors with a leading term that is an N-dimensional Riemann-theta finite-gap solution.
848h agoNonlocal optical nonlinearities caused by the thermorefractive effect change modal interactions in graded-index media, and a new model accurately captures their impact on nonlinear interactions.
848h agoIncreasing noise intensity smooths the transition from oscillations to amplitude death in coupled thermoacoustic systems, while the correlation time of the noise has little effect on the bifurcation structure.
848h agoA harmonic dimensional reduction framework reduces complex 3D systems of nonlinear equations to simpler 1D systems, allowing for exact solutions to be found for four specific systems.
848h agoA financial model with long-range memory generates a discrete, equally spaced spectral structure, known as a frequency comb, under specific conditions.
848h agoThe rational reduction of the 2D-Toda hierarchy has a local bihamiltonian structure, and its Principal Hierarchy contains dispersionless flows within an (n+1)-dimensional semisimple generalized Frobenius manifold.
848h agoAntiferromagnets can be used to make ultrafast and stray-field-free neuromorphic spintronic devices, and their dynamics can be described by a reduced set of equations that model spiking-neuron elements.
848h agoThe recurrence time entropy characterizes weak chaos in Hamiltonian flows and distinguishes regular, weakly chaotic, and strongly chaotic motion by identifying low-entropy episodes near regular islands and high-entropy episodes in chaotic regions.
848h agoThe design of artificial collectives should match the interpretive abilities of agents to task demands and agents' computational limits to optimize performance.
848h agoA simple Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the output weights of a reservoir computer detects regime changes in nonlinear dynamical systems, including those undetectable by classical and deep-learning methods.
848h agoMultifractal theory for turbulence is verified through simulation data, showing that vortical structures with a given H\"older exponent form a hierarchy of coherent eddies or are featureless depending on the exponent value.
848h agoThe study identifies three asymptotic limits that enable the analytic construction of approximate solutions for false vacuum decay in a toy model of a real massive scalar field.
848h agoThe pseudo-sonic curve in two-dimensional self-similar solutions for the Euler equations is necessarily a circle if the pseudo-velocity at each point is normal to the curve.
848h agoThe Bayesian-inverse-Bayesian inference model produces critical dynamics in repeated games, characterized by a heavy-tailed power law distribution, which remains robust across different conditions and is achieved without external parameter adjustment.
848h agoChaos may emerge in the tropical atmosphere under realistic conditions, with Lyapunov time scales of less than a day, challenging the idea of a predictable tropical atmosphere.
848h agoA theory-guided data-driven model recovers limit cycles from imperfect biological shape data and extracts shape gaits and geometric phase to quantify net locomotion in dissipative media.
848h agoThe properties of self-bound quantum droplets, including their existence, shape, and behavior, can be controlled by adjusting the strength of dipole-dipole interactions and the number of particles in the condensate.
848h agoOscillons can arise from localized discrete resonant modes, and they can also originate from antibound modes or be bound to kinks as wobblerons.
848h agoEvolutionary optimization of reservoir computing improves prediction by changing the recurrent substrate's structure, allowing it to stabilize a task-suitable dynamical class and refine its architectural degrees of freedom.
848h agoScientists propose a new method that allows for accurate zero-shot prediction of dynamic systems into new regimes, outside the observed training data.
848h agoPatients with psychosis exhibit abnormally strong long-range correlations in semantic fluctuations in their speech, indicating a departure from normal temporal organization of language.
848h agoNetworks with certain activation functions, such as a 2nd degree polynomial, can learn Conway's Game of Life dynamics with minimal size and outperform larger networks with commonly used activation functions.
848h agoThe defocusing Manakov system with nonzero boundary conditions has a long-time asymptotic formula for its solution, which takes the form of a modulated multisoliton with a dispersive correction term of order $t^{-1/2}$.
848h agoThe KP-mKP hierarchy has a class of differential Fay identities and a series of additional symmetries that can be represented as linear actions on its tau functions.
848h agoSolutions to the defocusing Manakov system exhibit interesting asymptotic behavior within a narrow transition zone in the $x$-$t$ plane, and can be expressed in terms of the Hastings-McLeod solution of the Painlev\'e II equation.
848h agoThe conditional Gaussian nonlinear system exhibits strong nonlinearity and captures non-Gaussian characteristics, with closed analytic formulae for its conditional Gaussian statistics, and a new approach develops tractable methods for proving time evolution and optimal posterior sampling of unobserved state variables.
848h agoPyTorchFire, a new simulator, accurately and rapidly predicts wildfire trends in real-time, achieving millisecond-level computational efficiency and outperforming traditional simulators.
848h agoPontryagin-Bellman Differential Dynamic Programming (PDDP) optimizes low-thrust trajectory planning by parameterizing control via Pontryagin's Minimum Principle, handling constraints and achieving higher convergence rates than indirect methods.
848h agoThe dissipation-coherence bound, a tradeoff between entropy production and quality of stochastic oscillations, can be derived by combining a higher-order thermodynamic uncertainty relation with a condition on phase-current fluctuations.
848h agoSub-Riemannian structures with $n$ parameters can be constructed on compact Lie groups, and their normal geodesics can be described on both the groups and homogeneous spaces.
848h agoDeformations of a genus one Riemann surface that preserve the periods of a second-order Abelian differential are governed by a second-order ordinary differential equation with rational coefficients.
848h agoAdding a gyroscope to multidimensional integrable generalizations of heavy rigid body systems results in Liouville integrable systems with polynomial matrix Lax representations.
848h agoThe choice of restitution model strongly influences the predicted response of rocking blocks subjected to harmonic excitation, with alternative formulations leading to earlier and more complex oscillations than the classical Housner model.
848h agoThe Single Ring Theorem breaks down as a non-hermitian matrix model flows towards normality when a parameter penalizing non-normality is tuned, with the transition occurring at a specific critical value.
848h agoThe dimensionless Landauer resistance in a 1D disordered system follows a log-normal distribution, but its average value is not representative of a specific sample due to non-ergodicity effects.
848h agoLinguistic distance between groups slows consensus and produces mild divergence, and groups trained with diverse communication protocols are more robust to mismatch than those trained with a single protocol.
848h agoThe multifractality spectrum of stationary wave functions at the integer quantum Hall transition follows a parabolic law with corrections due to non-Abelian nature of the underlying effective field theory.
848h agoChanging the boundary condition in a quantum link chain can alter the system's relaxation rate without changing its steady state.
848h agoThe onset of zero-weight percolation, where a path with equal numbers of +J and -J bonds emerges, is incompatible with ferromagnetic ordering and marks the boundary of the ferromagnetic phase in the two-dimensional ±J random-bond Ising model.
848h agoA new physics-inspired transformer enables neural-network simulations of spin-glass systems to unprecedented sizes on a single GPU, achieving up to two orders of magnitude speedup over existing methods.
848h agoNeural ODEs with curated equilibrium points can be used for classification tasks by shaping the dynamical landscape to direct inputs to their corresponding target classes.
848h agoThe precision of estimating a system's distance from a threshold of instability depends on the measurement budget, signal-to-noise ratio, and distance to criticality.
848h agoPatterns stored in Hopfield models of associative memory create unintended local minima, or false memories, but research identifies conditions under which these false memories are characterized as "mixed memories" and are fixed points of the retrieval dynamics.
848h agoThe parametric correlations of spectral densities in dissipative chaotic quantum many-body systems can be characterized by an explicit expression, which is universal across different ensembles.
848h agoA mobile impurity's behavior distinguishes different regimes of a host system, with partial localization in the deep topological regime and sharp transition to single-site localization in the deep trivial regime.
848h agoNonreciprocal interactions in a 2D Ising model lead to a continuous nonequilibrium transition at zero temperature with a critical bond density.
848h agoQuantum geometry is probed across a metal-insulator quantum phase transition in phosphorus-doped silicon, where a quantum geometric length characterising local wavefunctions jumps discontinuously to infinity at the critical point.
848h agoA movement process where agents choose destinations based on initial and final distances from their origin reproduces key empirical statistics of human mobility, such as the power-law distribution of traveled distances.
848h agoQuantum error correction codes have fundamental limits in protecting quantum information beyond certain noise thresholds.
848h agoGyromorphs are hyperuniform materials with comparatively degraded physical properties, including size-dependent pseudogaps and reduced transparency, spreadability, and diffusion properties, compared to stealthy hyperuniform media.
848h agoThe quantum metric of a flat band sets a lower limit on the exponential decay length of bound states that form when a local impurity is introduced.
848h agoA neural polaron ansatz represents quasiparticle excitations in quantum many-body systems by using neural many-body operators that act on a correlated ground state.
848h agoPolycrystalline packings with a specific arrangement of grains are ultradense, stealthy, and hyperuniform, and exhibit a distinctive grain-size distribution, perfect transparency to electromagnetic waves, and enhanced diffusion spreadability.
848h agoA hybrid Molecular Dynamics approach enables the generation of metallic glass samples with realistic properties at supercooled states, enhancing relaxation and providing a framework for modeling complex metallic glasses.
848h agoThe Group Convolutional Neural Network representations reveal a 4-fold degenerate ground state for V ≤ 0.4 and limit the mixed/plaquette phases to 0.4 < V < 1 in the quantum dimer model.
848h agoOptimal learning protocols can be identified by combining statistical physics with control theory in a unified framework, leading to interpretable strategies that minimize generalization error in neural network models.
848h agoThe complexity of quantum states in Krylov space sharply distinguishes between ergodic and many-body localised phases, with complexity scaling linearly with Fock-space dimension in ergodic regimes and sublinearly in many-body localised regimes.
848h agoOptimizing complex neural quantum states is challenging due to wavefunction phase structures, but using a different estimator of the phase force can help, specifically by reducing phase-gradient variance and improving accuracy.
848h agoThe complete seven-phase Anderson-localization landscape, including extended, critical, and localized phases, is realized in a one-dimensional Floquet photonic lattice.
848h agoQuantum algorithm software for condensed matter physics problems is quantified through a benchmark suite that validates algorithm performance and identifies trade-offs and noise effects.
848h agoESM2-based protein language model embeddings do not outperform simpler methods in predicting protein function from limited supervision, and accurate annotations can support label-aware protein design when properly propagated.
848h agoDynamic quantum circuits can generate states that depend on measurement results obtained during circuit execution, and a new model of optical reset allows for synchronizing measurement results with classical logic to decrease uncertainty in future measurements.
848h agoNear-unity efficiency of excitation transfer arises from photon-mediated hybridization that generates a dark transport channel, bypassing dissipative dark modes in an engineered cavity QED transport architecture.
848h agoMachine learning helps discover new topological quantum states by modeling interacting Hamiltonians and generating form factors with distinct topological character.
848h agoA universal phenomenon called energy-space localization allows certain quantum systems to remain stable against generic time-dependent perturbations by keeping the evolving state exponentially localized in an energy window.
848h agoGenerative models can be used to accelerate the design and discovery of new functional materials by integrating continuous property representations into the generation process.
848h agoOperator delocalization in disordered one-dimensional spin chains shows two distinct behaviors: rapid saturation in the Anderson-localized case and robust logarithmic growth in the many-body localized regime.
848h agoLocalization transitions in non-Hermitian quasiperiodic Hamiltonians persist in the semiclassical limit, but their classical origin does not universally match the quantum critical point.
848h agoThe mixed response field arises from correlations between magnetic and energetic fluctuations in interacting spin systems, and its behavior is constrained by the susceptibility, indicating a low-dimensional response manifold.
848h agoExisting methods for measuring rotational motion in molecular fluids have severe limitations in complex systems, and a new empirical method solves these issues and accurately captures rotational dynamics.
848h agoHigh shortest path multiplicity in complex networks is a natural result of local evolution rules.
848h agoDense active matter systems exhibit enhanced fluctuations and a correspondence between activity-induced annealing and annealing via oscillatory shear.
848h agoThe Single Ring Theorem breaks down as a non-hermitian matrix model flows towards normality when a parameter penalizing non-normality is tuned, with the transition occurring at a specific critical value.
848h agoA solvable-point-guided strategy helps design neural-network quantum states that efficiently represent quantum many-body wavefunctions by reflecting their sign structure and constrained Hilbert space.
848h agoParkinson's disease disrupts the control that striatal cholinergic interneurons have over intrastriatal GABAergic circuits, which regulate the activity of principal spiny projection neurons.
852h agoRecurrent processes in early stages of the visual system are already involved when people recognize challenging images, such as objects seen from unusual viewpoints.
852h agoAging reduces dopaminergic reinforcement in a subtype-dependent manner, impairing operant learning, but preserves the capacity for learning, which can be rescued by increasing reinforcement length.
852h agoTargeting endocytic machinery disrupts synaptic vesicle recycling at nociceptor terminals, reducing excitatory neurotransmission within spinal pain circuits and producing sustained pain relief in preclinical models.
852h agoMice show different drinking patterns when given access to alcohol, with group-housed male mice taking more frequent but smaller drinks, and dominant behavior in males linked to a specific drinking phenotype.
852h agoCognitive flexibility is associated with disordered eating attitudes in university students, while working memory and inhibitory control show no such link.
852h agoThe brain uses an accelerated neural code to boost visual working memory encoding speed when it expects limited sensory exposure time.
852h agoChemosensory valence is organized across a distributed brain-wide architecture in vertebrates, with distinct patterns of activity for stimulus identity, valence, and movement.
852h agoThe best practice schedule for a learner depends on their current internal state and the time remaining before the retention test, and it is a family of schedules that balances retention and acquisition.
852h agoInitiating voluntary wheel running during proestrus increases immediate and long-term exercise behavior in female rats by influencing hormones and nigrostriatal signaling.
852h agoPeople tailor their touch to what they want to perceive, using different movements and forces to judge hardness, slipperiness, and roughness of textures.
852h agoA fluorogenic labeling strategy enables the reliable tracking of extracellular vesicles in the brain, providing a clear picture of their distribution and uptake over time.
852h agoThe aperiodic exponent of EEG data does not track hypnotic depth at deeper levels of anaesthesia during surgery with propofol dose.
852h agoAlzheimer's disease selectively disrupts normal age-related changes in brain structure, particularly in regions such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, rather than uniformly mimicking normal aging across the brain.
852h agoQuantitative MRI detects subtle changes in normal-appearing white matter associated with multiple sclerosis, revealing predominantly white matter alterations in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
852h agoControlled aggregation of EEG data improves P300 classification by boosting signal-to-noise ratios, with a combined cross-subject approach achieving the highest information transfer rate.
852h agoEncoding activity for scene images predicts memory performance for targets but not for similar lures, contradicting the recall-to-reject hypothesis that similar encoding operations support both target recollection and lure identification.
852h agoConsciousness re-emerges from unconscious states through a multiscale reorganization of neural activity, marked by changes in low-frequency brain waves, neural excitability, and high-gamma activity.
852h agoRepeated practice tracking a moving object can lead to faster error correction and the development of a compensatory eye movement that helps to overcome perceptual biases.
852h agoExercise reduces tau pathology in mice by boosting NADH dehydrogenase activity, which in turn restores the mitochondrial-related metabolome and reduces oxidative stress.
852h agoThe neural representation of curvature in visual areas V2 and V4 reaches maturity soon after birth, with object-centric representations of curvature emerging in V4, not V2.
852h agoA new learning mechanism helps neurons adapt to changing environments by balancing learning rate and introducing forgetting to discard outdated representations.
852h agoConscious perception arises from brain networks spanning sensory and extra-sensory regions, including the prefrontal cortex, with similar dynamics occurring regardless of task.
852h agoCircadian rhythms modulate cognitive functions, and changes in daily light patterns can induce or worsen mood disorders such as Seasonal Affective Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.
852h agoResXR, an open-source toolkit, provides a standardized way to create and analyze immersive experiments using extended reality, producing high-quality datasets and reports.
852h agoNeurons in visual area V4 shift their receptive fields towards the saccade target during eye movements, but this shift does not fully explain the misperception of visual stimulus location.
856h agoHumans adapt their behavior to changing environments by adjusting their learning rates based on the volatility of rewards and punishments.
856h agoThe extrastriate cortex distorts the perception of visual time around eye movements by shifting the representation of stimuli towards earlier times and reducing temporal sensitivity.
856h agoThe subthalamic nucleus plays a key role in social memory, and its disruption impairs the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals.
856h agoEarly visual experience is crucial for refining feedback activity, which in turn enables well-tuned feedforward processing, allowing efficient visual processing.
864h agoFine-global structure and fine-local detail are jointly encoded in the brain as early as the primary visual cortex and preserved across multiple visual areas, enabling primates to precisely perceive small objects.
864h agoMice actively seek out visual information to guide their behavior, using a strategy called infotaxis to navigate and make decisions.
864h agoIntracranial recordings capture brain signals that predict chronic pain states, with distinct brain networks, including the default mode and salience networks, showing specific patterns of activity.
864h agoHuman dental pulp stem cells can survive and integrate into the mouse brain, differentiating into immature neurons and exhibiting properties of neural cells.
864h agoParental care in poison frogs influences the development of the oxytocinergic pathway by inducing a dormant state in tadpoles during transport, which slows down their development.
864h agoThe aorta sensory organ helps connect the internal state of a Drosophila larva to its brain, influencing physiological and behavioral responses by linking to the endocrine system and the learning and memory center.
864h agoA new framework that combines univariate and multivariate analysis identifies voxels that are both task-relevant and condition-sensitive in fMRI studies, improving the investigation of affective brain states.
864h agoHuman color discrimination is more sensitive to hue for orangish colors than purplish colors because orangish hues are more common in the environment.
864h agoHere is a simple to read sentence summary of the paragraph: The aperiodic component of brain activity changes with changing stimulation, stimulus, affecting mainly affecting alpha oscillations like desynchronization, with less on aperiodic correction impacting other frequency effects like theta peaky.
864h agoDifferent waveforms of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) reshape spontaneous brain activity in distinct ways, with sinusoidal and pulsed waveforms increasing global synchrony and reducing complexity, while square, triangular, and sawtooth waveforms have the opposite effect.
864h agoMolecular light produced from ADLumin-5 induces photo-oxidation and photodegradation of misfolded proteins, reducing their toxicity and accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
864h agoChronic administration of aducanumab in mice with Alzheimer's disease produces sex-dependent changes in amyloid-beta, mild behavioral impairments, and molecular signatures that persist after amyloid reduction.
876h agoExposing biological databases to large language models via the Model Context Protocol enables natural-language access, producing precise and verifiable answers, especially for tasks requiring data quantification.
876h agoLosing a sense can improve performance in other senses by enhancing responses to stimuli in higher-order learning circuits, specifically by structural reweighting of inputs or reducing cross-modal inhibition.
876h agoSulfotransferases, specifically SULT1A1, SULT1A3, and SULT4A1, interact with amyloid-β PET tracers, including PiB, flutemetamol, and flutafuranol, in the brain, which may contribute to variability in PET signals.
876h agoFixed controllers, including reflex and feedforward mechanisms, fail to achieve a stable hold of a limb at a commanded posture against gravity.
896h agoALS-associated missense variants in the NEK1 gene alter its autophosphorylation activity, with different variants having distinct effects on the protein's function.
912h agoActivation of GFRAL neurons, which are targets of a weight-loss drug, occurs when mice eat fat-rich food and is required for feeling full after eating fat.
920h agoInfantile engram cells in the infralimbic cortex are re-recruited into adult memory traces, shaping adult memory formation through relearning.
920h agoThis study identified three types of spike waveforms exhibited by neurons in 3D brain organoid models, and found that one type may originate from dopaminergic neurons, using a novel clustering approach to analyze electrophysiological data.
920h agoDevelopmental coordination disorder arises from coordinated alterations across distributed brain systems under polygenic control, characterized by enlarged cortical regions, reduced cerebellar and subcortical volumes, and associated with poorer motor coordination.
920h agoMolecular features of Huntington's disease are present during early human striatal development, with 2,032 genes expressed differently and key biological processes disrupted.
920h agoNeuronal development and function depend on precise sorting of membrane proteins, with findings showing that NLGN1 and NLGN2 are sorted to distinct synapses through specific routes and mechanisms.
920h agoThe dynamic range of contrast-encoding in the early visual system is broader than previously assumed, with both individual neurons and population responses continuing to increase up to 900% Weber contrast.
924h agoLoss of astrocytic Kir4.1 in the adult brain impairs potassium buffering and drives spontaneous seizures, and seizure-associated spreading depolarizations are strongly linked to increased postictal impairments.
924h agoThe shape classification of dendritic spines depends strongly on the viewing angle, with only 20.9% of spines retaining their category when viewed from a different angle.
924h agoThe cortex uses slow waves to consolidate memories and delta waves to weaken them during sleep, and the balance between these two types of waves determines the outcome.
924h agoThe combination of a reddish facial color and high emotional intensity increases early brain activity associated with processing facial expressions.
924h agoA frequency-aware 3D convolutional neural network pipeline detects schizophrenia with a best mean test accuracy of 75.54% by using high-frequency spatial features and Laplacian-initialized kernels.
924h agoFES therapy induces long-term potentiation by generating multi-spike patterns that bias plasticity toward potentiation through interactions between voluntary descending spikes and stimulation-evoked antidromic spikes.
924h agoThe Joint SSMT model infers local field potential spectrograms and spike-field coupling strength, providing more frequency-specific coupling estimates than classical measures.
928h agoThe resilience of neural circuits to neurodegeneration depends on how inhibitory gain is embedded within circuit architecture, with circuits having structurally central inhibitory neurons maintaining healthy-like activity patterns despite substantial structural loss.
928h agoThe chemosensory receptor srh-30 detects the aversive odorant 2-nonanone, mediating avoidance behavior in C. elegans.
928h agoMuscle fatigue does not substantially affect the early processing of proprioceptive information from the ankle joint, but it does alter brain activity in areas beyond the primary sensorimotor regions.
928h agoCombined oral contraceptives disrupt the regulation of stress hormones in the brain, impairing feedback mechanisms and altering signaling pathways in regions related to stress and mood.
928h agoPerception is pulled towards expected locations and pushed away from expected acceleration, with people judging upward moving objects as more accelerating than downward moving ones.
928h agoChanges in the stability and flexibility of neuronal networks cause behavioral and cognitive symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with increased stability in hippocampal neuronal firing and altered activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) linked to repetitive behaviors.
928h agoTerminal Schwann cells play a critical role in regulating pre-synaptic vesicle homeostasis, and their loss disrupts neither gross neuromuscular junction architecture nor overall motor behavior, but causes profound pre-synaptic defects.
932h agoSimultaneous voltage imaging reveals that the amplitude of spike back-propagation in cortical neurons is shaped by spiking history, dendrite location, and behavioral state.
940h agoErucamide activates myeloid cells to release factors that rescue photoreceptors and vasculature in mouse models of retinal degeneration.
940h agoTryptamine acts as a sleep signal in mice by binding to GPR139 in POA neurons, which then suppress wake-promoting neurons.
940h agoEnhanced quantum solvers outperform leading classical solvers in solving a complex Boolean satisfiability problem in large-scale simulations.
940h agoAstrocyte senescence impairs brain cell support and increases vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases, and a new human iPSC-based platform can recapitulate key features of this process in both healthy and Parkinson's disease contexts.
940h agoThe parafascicular thalamus helps regulate head and body position to guide behavior towards cues that predict reward, and its activity changes with learning and extinction.
940h agoThe primary auditory cortex represents frequencies in a way that is more closely tied to behavioural frequency discrimination performance than to the frequency resolution of the cochlea.
940h agoThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has a tripartite organization, with posterior, middle, and anterior parts handling affective, valuation, and social functions, respectively.
940h agoLoss-of-function mutations in the chromatin reader ZMYND11 cause cell-type-selective vulnerability in cortical excitatory neurons, leading to hyperexcitability and disrupted molecular programs, whereas inhibitory neurons are largely unaffected.
940h agoFlexible decisions are made by retrieving and recombining memories, with people directing their gaze to relevant memories as they deliberate, to construct decision options.
940h agoFlexible motor learning from different teaching signals relies on the reorganization of higher-order brain networks, not changes within task-specific sensorimotor circuits.
940h agoAnimal resemblance of objects is registered in visual perception, but it does not alter the ability to distinguish between animate and inanimate objects.
944h agoBrain network modules have a decreasing structural-functional consistency from 0 to 5 years old, with primary brain regions showing greater consistency than advanced cognitive regions.
948h agoTree-like structures can be understood by analyzing their shapes as geometric graphs in 3D space, which helps reveal the underlying processes that create them.
948h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics that deviate from the global field.
948h agoREST-GAN, a generative adversarial network framework, synthesizes resting-state EEG signals and extracts useful features without needing manually engineered features or large amounts of training data.
948h agoWeak connections in the brain's white matter architecture make measurable contributions to cognitive abilities, particularly general cognitive ability and memory, by expanding the range of brain networks and supporting functional balance.
948h agoA new model reveals that high inertia and increased nodal robustness in power grids can sometimes amplify cascade sizes, leading to larger power outages.
948h agoThe Kuramoto Sakaguchi model on a bipartite network exhibits rich collective dynamics, including transitions from full synchrony to partial synchrony, where one population's oscillators display quasiperiodic dynamics that deviate from the global field.
948h agoPopulation density reshapes social organization, leading to globally integrated networks with shorter social distances in dense populations, and locally clustered communities in sparse ones.
948h agoKerr frequency combs, a new photonic technology, form within driven optical resonators through localized nonlinear dissipative structures, enabling applications across science and engineering.
948h agoIntelligence is defined as the ability to increase the probability of unlikely but valid outcomes, and a system's architecture must include recursive self-simulation to achieve high levels of intelligence.
948h agoA general framework analyzes multi-agent systems by measuring agent influence and reaction to observations, deriving macroscopic properties that balance growth and resilience.
948h agoA computational model based on a quantum version of the Game of Life cellular automaton accurately simulates the spread of West Nile virus in Italy, fitting cumulative infected individual curves at local and regional levels.
948h agoSolitons can be pumped across unit cells in a nonlinear system, even when the corresponding band is topologically trivial, through a transition between Wannier functions or nonlinearity-induced quantized pumping.
948h agoOptical thermodynamics theory is expanded to include strong nonlinear mode-mode interactions, resulting in a non-ideal Rayleigh-Jeans modal distribution with adjusted temperature and optical chemical potential.
948h agoParticles are perfectly transmitted through a completely disordered diamond-dot chain, showing a complete absence of Anderson localization.
948h agoThe truncated Wigner approximation recovers sample-to-sample fluctuations of the Edwards-Anderson order parameter in biclique quantum spin glasses and extracts critical exponents in line with theoretical expectations.
948h agoNeural networks learn features from data with a hierarchical, multi-scale structure, and a new family of synthetic datasets with this structure can be used to test interpretability methods.
948h agoComplex biological mixtures can perform information retrieval through metastable phase separation.
948h agoA neural network-based model learns the landscape of working regimes in quantum dot simulators and uses this knowledge to autotune the devices to obtain Majorana modes.
948h agoA deep photonic neuromorphic network architecture uses phase-change material synapses and local optical feedback to perform online, unsupervised Hebbian learning.
948h agoThe self-averaging of the replica overlap is proven in the Edwards-Anderson model under random field in any dimension, and the variance of the replica overlap vanishes in the infinite-volume limit.
948h agoA deep learning model predicts high-resolution fibre orientations from diffusion MRI by leveraging microscopy data, enabling biologically informed mapping of brain connectivity in humans.
952h agoIndividuals with stroke can achieve reliable control of individual fingers using noninvasive brain-computer interfaces and motor imagery.
952h agoInfants with Down syndrome have smaller brain volumes and slower brain growth from 6 to 12 months, with most parts of the brain affected but some areas, like the caudate and putamen, showing different patterns.
952h agoExposure to certain pesticides, such as imidacloprid and flupyradifurone, causes neurodegeneration in dopaminergic neurons through oxidative stress.
952h agoAlcohol misuse induces sex-specific metabolic changes in the liver and gut of mice, with females showing greater changes in gut metabolites, including decreased butyrate and increased acetate, and both sexes showing changes in liver metabolites.
952h agoGlycyrrhiza glabra activates kinase-driven signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival, stress adaptation, and autophagy, which may help protect against Parkinson's disease.
952h agoChronic low back pain patients can be grouped into different types based on brain activity and sensory symptoms, which are associated with distinct brain connectivity patterns.
952h agoShared representational spaces in macaque brains are encoded in idiosyncratic functional topographies, allowing for accurate decoding of movie responses between subjects.
952h agoA Hybrid Quantum Neural Network accurately classifies sleep-deprived and well-rested states using EEG signals, achieving 96.88% accuracy at the epoch level and 81.25% at the subject level.
952h agoStructural connectivity strength is positively associated with intrinsic timescales of brain signals that are coupled to the structural network, and network topology selectively constrains the temporal statistics of smooth neural activity.
952h agoInsulin signaling in the hippocampus is linked to mood regulation, and changes in this signaling are associated with depression.
960h agoDuring youth, functional individuality of the brain develops along two separate paths: one related to brain structure and the other to cognitive abilities.
960h agoPrenatal exposure to valproic acid selectively alters the density of certain retinal neurons, reducing AII amacrine cells and increasing parvalbumin-positive wide-field amacrines, in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.
960h agoStriatal projection neurons in humans fluctuate between distinct states with different levels of cortical interaction, and these states reorganize with task demands, arousal, and behavior.
960h agoThe brain's language system is made up of two separate networks: one that handles syntactic structure and another that handles semantic composition.
960h agoEarly-life oxytocin treatment reduces seizure susceptibility in male mice with a genetic model of Fragile X syndrome, but has no effect in female mice.
960h agoThe lysosomal non-selective cation channel TRPML1 regulates oligodendrocyte morphology during differentiation and initial myelination by controlling actin filament content through the Rac1/PAK1 pathway.
960h agoThe brain's decision-making process uses separate pathways for evaluating options and making a commitment to act, with the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) handling context-dependent evaluation and the frontal eye field (FEF) handling categorical commitment.
960h agoPrior noxious experience induces analgesia by triggering the release of CO2, which acts on tracheal dendrite neurons to modulate pain processing and alter aversive value coding in the brain.
960h agoThe striatum stores short-term memories of actions and their outcomes, guiding future decisions by linking recent actions to future motor plans.
964h agoPTEN acts locally to control neuronal growth and structural connectivity, and its subcellular localization determines its function in developing neurons.
964h agoNEURRATOR, a new framework, decodes the spiking activity of individual neurons in the visual cortex into natural-language descriptions of the viewed scene.
972h agoLinear contrastive decoders consistently outperform other methods in mapping brain activity to concepts in vision, language, and audio, suggesting that decoding gains come from the training objective rather than architectural complexity.
972h agoDecoded NeurofeedbackSimulator, a new simulation framework, enables researchers to model, analyze, and understand neurofeedback dynamics, and design more robust protocols for brain modulation.
972h agoScholaWrite dataset captures the complete thought process of scholarly writing, tracing changes from initial drafts to final manuscripts and providing insights into the micro-dynamics of writing to develop future writing assistants.
972h agoThe human eye constantly moves in small random directions, but our brain stabilizes the visual image, allowing us to perceive stable objects and moving objects as they are.
972h agoA new machine learning tool called ActiTect accurately identifies rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) from wrist-worn actigraphy recordings with strong performance across different devices and cohorts.
972h agoDeterministic parameter recovery algorithms paired with deterministic data assimilation algorithms are more accurate and stable than stochastic algorithms when dealing with noisy data from chaotic systems.
972h agoLocalized wave patterns, including rogue waves, solitons, and breathers, can be observed in the FPUT lattice, and are accurately approximated by a modified KdV equation.
972h agoThe two-component Hunter-Saxton equation can be represented in a simplified form using an integrable semi-discretization, and its solutions can be expressed in Wronskian and Casoratian forms.
972h agoAdding a third fluctuating species to a two-population model can enhance or suppress the emergence of coherent oscillations in the two original populations caused by demographic noise.
972h agoSupratransmission occurs in nonlinear lattices with purely nonlinear coupling, where energy propagation arises entirely from nonlinear effects, and its critical driving amplitude depends on driving frequency, coupling strength, and nonlinearity.
972h agoAll anti-self-dual Einstein metrics with non-zero cosmological constant locally arise from solutions of a single second-order PDE.
972h agoEnvironmental quantum fluctuations can generate chaos in a classically non-chaotic system, bringing a strange attractor with fractal dimension and a positive Lyapunov exponent.
972h agoA Frustrated Synchronization Network (FSN) that uses structured departures from synchronization to compute achieves lower validation loss than a tuned transformer in character-level text and code tasks.
972h agoThe dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators distinguish between integrable and chaotic regimes in a Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain with random fields, with different power-law relaxation patterns and sensitivity to random field realizations.
972h agoAncient humans started producing external entropy through tool use and fire control around 2.5 million years ago, which likely drove brain size growth and cooperation among humans.
972h agoTopological defects in quantum systems produce a new type of spectral form factor (TopSFF) that maps to a 3D non-Hermitian problem, undergoing a symmetry breaking transition at a finite interaction strength.
972h agoA chaotic attractor with a fractional dimension forms in a finite region of phase space through the long-term trajectory of a three or higher-dimensional dissipative system.
972h agoNear-critical dynamics within individual agents is not enough to produce collective critical-like behavior; instead, it depends on the interplay between internal dynamics and the interaction structure that governs activity propagation.
972h agoA regularized Boussinesq equation describes the behavior of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice with a general cubic interaction force as a dispersive, long-wave approximation.
972h agoThe Volterra lattice, with suitable initial conditions, models orbits generated by half-translation operators of symmetric Painlev\'e IV equations, yielding explicit expressions for solution components in terms of generalized Okamoto polynomials.
972h agoAccurate epidemic forecasting requires models that account for complex social interactions, and a new expression for the basic reproduction number $\mathcal R_0$ in multiplex networks enables the analysis of disease transmission across multiple social layers.
972h agoA practical protocol combining three methods provides a robust estimate of the hyperuniformity exponent in finite-size hyperuniform point configurations by summarizing method-specific estimates and reporting internal dispersion.
972h agoThe half-quantized Hall effect in disordered parity anomalous semimetals shows robustness against disorder scattering, with side-jump and skew-scattering mechanisms making no contributions.
972h agoTETRIS-ADAPT-VQE algorithm constructs accurate ground states for random Hamiltonians, including SYK models with up to 20 Majorana fermions and quantum SK models with up to 18 sites, with high fidelities.
972h agoA Frustrated Synchronization Network (FSN) that uses structured departures from synchronization to compute achieves lower validation loss than a tuned transformer in character-level text and code tasks.
972h agoThe self-averaging of the replica overlap is proven in the Edwards-Anderson model under random field in any dimension, and the variance of the replica overlap vanishes in the infinite-volume limit.
972h agoThe broad X-ray photoelectron lines of silicon oxide on silicon arise from a continuous statistical distribution of core-level binding energies.
972h agoA classical computer model using spherical spins can search an unstructured database faster than a quantum computer, with a search time that scales as database volume raised to a power less than 1/2.
972h agoRandom-matrix theory helps to separate signal from noise in large data sets by analyzing matrices with injected signals and noise.
972h agoThe CluMP algorithm, which updates clusters of spins collectively, enables efficient exploration of complex energy landscapes in Quadratic Unconstrained Boolean Optimization problems and finds lower-energy configurations than local-update heuristics.
972h agoFluid and charge flow through porous materials stops when the concentration of impermeable grains disrupts networks of void volumes at a critical level, specifically when the porosity drops to around 5%.
972h agoTemporal disorder enables a directional transport channel in time-modulated Dirac systems, allowing waves to propagate perfectly delocalized in a specific direction while suppressing disorder-induced backscattering.
972h agoSurface growth driven by non-monomeric deposition behaves differently depending on the size distribution of deposited blobs, with critical exponents varying continuously with the distribution exponent and scale invariance breaking down for distributions with an exponent less than 3.
972h agoFeedback geometry during learning determines whether learned behaviors can be combined in new ways without prior practice.
976h agoA new method automatically aligns connectomes and assigns cell types to thousands of neurons, revealing sex-specific and dimorphic cell types and connectivity differences that underlie functional differences between male and female Drosophila nerve cords.
976h agoThe brain's structural connectivity pattern, specifically the similarity between the input connectivity profiles of brain regions, determines its large-scale dynamical correlations.
976h agoVentricular expansion in the brain acts as a mechanical signal that triggers drinking in response to osmotic stress.
976h agoSchizophrenia risk genes affect a group of brain cells in the prefrontal area that help with decision-making, and a specific medicine can help fix problems with these brain cells.
976h agoChronic exposure to vapourized cannabis flower causes withdrawal symptoms and reorganizes behaviour in rats.
976h agoPupil responses reveal distinct computational processes underlying value-based decision making, reflecting noradrenergic regulation of exploration and dopaminergic value updating.
976h agoIncorporating natural connectivity patterns from brain networks into artificial neural networks improves their performance in tasks such as noise-resistant categorization, motor learning, natural language question answering, and brain-signal decoding.
976h agoSingle-cell stimulation induces transient changes in cortical network dynamics, and the functional state of the stimulated neurons does not explain the direction and magnitude of these changes.
976h agoCocaine use promotes the growth of a bacteria called Streptococcus parasanguinis, which can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
984h agoRestoring mitochondrial function reverses metabolic dysfunction and promotes resilience in advanced-stage Alzheimer's disease by coordinating mitochondrial and lipid metabolism.
988h agoSynaptic modifications in brain-wide circuits coordinate plasticity through pathway-specific cortical feedback, enabling online learning of complex tasks and providing a unified account of cell-type-specific modulation of synaptic plasticity.
988h agoNeurotransmission-dependent competition helps create resilient neural circuits that maintain normal behaviors even when a large proportion of inputs are damaged.
988h agoSleep helps toddlers consolidate spatial context memory, a key part of episodic memory, and their brains use similar processes to adults to do so, even though their hippocampus is not fully developed.
988h agoMacaSurfer, a fully automated framework, provides unified surface-volume mapping of the macaque brain across the lifespan with exceptional anatomical consistency and test-retest precision.
988h agoEarly sensory deprivation causes localized reorganization in brain areas next to the affected primary sensory cortex, while preserving the overall hierarchy of cortical integration.
988h agoThe corpus callosum is involved in different cognitive functions, with posterior regions involved in vision and episodic memory, anterior regions involved in decision making and working memory, and central dorsal regions related to somatosensory and motor functions.
988h agoThe directed human structural connectome provides a more accurate description of the brain's wiring, revealing a hierarchical organization and improving the understanding of brain dynamics and simulations.
988h agoImmediate early genes engage downstream secondary response genes to regulate learning-specific neuroplasticity through brain-region- and cell-type-specific regulatory programs.
988h agoSleep helps turn episodic spatial memories into integrated schema representations, and this process is linked to specific brain activity during sleep.
988h agoTurn cell activity in the superior colliculus is tightly coordinated with the stepping rhythm and internal representations of future paths, allowing animals to execute turns during locomotion.
992h agoThe stochastic resonance model proposes that tinnitus is a side effect of the brain's adaptive attempt to restore information transmission after hearing loss by upregulating internally generated neural noise.
996h agoThe wiring diagram of a brain, along with its connection strengths, mostly determines its overall activity, while the precise pattern of connections determines where activity travels and which circuits shape it.
996h agoInfant rolling emerges from coordinated sensorimotor control as the body changes shape, and computer simulations of this process can replicate real-life developmental trends and coordination patterns.
996h agoBrainWorld, a new generative model, uses structural MRI to guide the creation of stable 4D fMRI brain dynamics, generating up to 400 frames and improving downstream performance.
996h agoA new method detects community structure in functional brain networks, accounting for individual variability, and is more accurate and reliable than existing methods.
996h agoThe spectral landscape method keeps frequency information and reveals topological differences in brain functional connectivity, specifically identifying differences in the gamma and theta bands between control and ADHD children.
996h agoThe unique colors red, green, blue, and yellow directly relate to the statistical distribution of colors in the natural visual environment.
996h agoA framework for simulating the sensorimotor experiences of infants using human-like robots and virtual simulators accurately maps human motion onto these platforms, enabling a rich analysis of infant development.
996h agoA single spatial principle organizes representations across sensory and cognitive systems, with nearby neurons in the cortex sharing similar response profiles and processing streams integrating across modalities.
996h agoSimilarity-Based Representation Factorization (SRF) recovers low-dimensional, interpretable embeddings from similarity matrices, enabling the discovery of underlying dimensions that shape representations in various fields.
996h agoInfant-inspired noise improves exploration efficiency in deep reinforcement learning by producing smooth trajectories with better state space coverage.
996h agoThe study examines a coupled system of PDEs that is a vector perturbation of the Camassa--Holm equation and reveals that it corresponds to a Liouville integrable Hamiltonian system with travelling wave solutions.
996h agoAdaptive interactions induce an explosive transition to synchronization in complex systems of non-identical oscillators, and suppress oscillation death.
996h agoA framework for energy localization in nonlinear oscillator chains uses soliton dynamics to nucleate solitons in both hardening and softening regimes under superharmonic resonance.
996h agoMSPD, a new scalar, quantifies the temporal multiscale organization of heterogeneity in local transition laws and directs open-ended evolution, linking it to the physics of complexity.
996h agoCombining the inflated dynamic Laplacian and Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation diagnostics reveals that finite-time rotationally coherent sets in solar photosphere flows require both material coherence and intrinsic rotation.
996h agoA nonlinear microcavity system with broken symmetries supports a spectrum with unpaired Dirac cones, leading to unusual properties of unidirectional edge states and stable localized dissipative edge solitons.
996h agoHeterogeneity in cell diffusivity, chemoattractant consumption, and chemotactic sensitivity shapes the density profiles of migrating heterogeneous cell collectives in four distinct dynamical behaviours.
996h agoThe Yin-Yang symbol can be linked to physical phenomena like daytime and nighttime duration and annual seasons through a simple dynamic model.
996h agoThe Turing theory explains how patterns form in natural and human-made systems through interactions of basic units, and this theory remains valid even when the connections between units adapt and change over time.
996h agoHigher-order interactions make desynchronization of coupled oscillators more difficult to achieve when initial phases are close to the synchronized state, but facilitate it with larger interaction strengths otherwise.
996h agoA method based on Fourier analysis and statistical classification identifies chimera behavior in systems of coupled oscillators and distinguishes it from other dynamical patterns.
996h agoThe nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a PT-symmetric potential has stationary solutions that asymptote to nonlinear plane waves and play a role in resonant nonlinear wave generation.
996h agoThis study uses dynamical systems to analyze aspects of machine learning algorithms, reformulating challenges from deep neural networks and gradient descent into dynamical statements and tackling information propagation, training, and mean-field limits of neural networks.
996h agoScientists have developed a mathematical representation of 3D magnetization textures, which could lead to new high-information-density spintronic applications and potentially be used for topological quantum computation.
996h agoMagnetic hopfions in chiral magnets are localized in three dimensions and have a specific region of equilibrium on the phase diagram of a helimagnet.
996h agoVortex solitons form stably in photonic topological insulators with disclinations, allowing for disorder-resistant transmission of signals and energy.
996h agoThe statistical distribution of freely decaying incompressible turbulence can be exactly solved using loop equations, resulting in a universal energy scaling function that is independent of spatial dimension.
996h agoHyperbolic lattices have unique properties that give rise to geometry-dependent physics, and a new framework called higher-order non-uniform cellular automata (NUCA) provides a systematic route to study quantum and classical physics on these lattices.
996h agoThe theory of wave turbulence describes properties of physical systems with weak-amplitude random waves interacting nonlinearly, and it predicts a direct energy cascade with an anisotropic spectrum in systems with odd viscosity and an inverse cascade of wave action in systems with odd elasticity.
996h agoScore-based diffusion models' dynamics obey statistical-mechanical principles, with a trajectory-dependent quantity called time-asymmetry entropy production (TAEP) that relates to the score-matching objective and explains the models' sampling diversity.
996h agoIn aperiodic fermion systems, distinct inhomogeneous charge distributions exist and a phase transition occurs between them, with the charge distribution always showing suppressed long-range fluctuation and its classification depending on the localization properties of states around the Fermi energy.
996h agoA replica-based framework yields a candidate rate functional for fluctuations of the empirical spectral distribution function of diluted Hermitian random matrices.
996h agoDisorder makes stronger edge localizations of Majorana zero modes more likely than weaker ones, giving topological edge states extra protection against disorder.
996h agoTransformers acquire chain-of-thought generation by developing attention-based retrieval and MLP-based logic together, through a staged learning process where the logic module first learns a mixed heuristic and attention then locks onto the relevant action.
996h agoMeasurements in active quantum error correction create a universal ensemble of post-measurement logical states that is maximally random, with symmetry constraints set by stabilizer and logical operator weights.
996h agoSpatially correlated disorder in two-dimensional superconductors obscures the distinction between nodal and fully gapped superconducting order parameters and causes a smeared percolative transition instead of a BKT transition.
996h agoThe permutation models on a Cayley tree have a linear stability controlled by character eigenvalue ratios.
996h agoThe Penalty Ensemble Method (PEM) helps reduce the impact of uncertainty in deep learning models on Monte Carlo simulations by changing the acceptance rule to reject more samples in uncertain regions.
996h agoUnlearning in a variant of the Hopfield model boosts memory capacity by removing spurious memories, and this effect can be accurately captured by a systematic analytical framework.
996h agoInformation criteria can be extended to singular learning machines by formulating a finite-time analogue of WBIC, yielding a resource-dependent threshold and a computable thermodynamic contribution to model selection.
996h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model's chaotic properties remain robust even when its all-to-all connectivity is reduced, with non-trivial cancellations allowing the spectral form factor to persist under considerable interaction range reduction.
996h agoThe long-range frustration framework accurately estimates the energy density of minimal vertex covers on uncorrelated random graphs and outperforms other methods in certain cases.
996h agoStochastic gradient descent prefers flatter, more generalizable solutions because its noise reshapes the loss landscape to stabilize flat solutions and delay convergence to sharp valleys.
996h agoNeural voltage recordings have power spectra that vary across brain states, and a new analysis method, SL_specdecomp, accurately separates rhythmic and broadband components, unlike common methods which make incorrect assumptions and produce biased estimates.
1000h agoThe genomic architecture underlying scientific innovation overlaps with the genetic risks for neuropsychiatric phenotypes, such as schizophrenia, and a specific network of genes helps create a high-voltage neural environment that enables cognitive innovation but can lead to pathological collapse with a carbohydrate-heavy diet.
1000h agoThe auditory brain uses a robust implicit pathway, independent of prefrontal control, to learn and store regular patterns in sound, while the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex helps with comparing new sounds.
1000h agoThe gene EGR2 regulates sleep across species, and its reduced activity in neurons increases sleep duration and consolidation.
1000h agoThe Entropic Brain Theory proposes that states of consciousness can be ordered based on the entropy of brain activity. I rewrote it to: Brain states of consciousness are ordered on a single dimension defined by the entropy of brain activity.
1000h agoPABPN1 dysregulation leads to diseases such as bladder cancer and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, with the protein's N-terminal domain promoting aggregation and its coiled-coil domain affecting stability and interactions.
1000h agoEEG-based emotion recognition studies often use a flawed benchmark dataset, which primarily reflects the stimulus identity rather than emotion, due to design choices that lead to temporal autocorrelation and stimulus-identity confounds.
1000h agoA biologically inspired spiking neuronal network model supports navigation in sparse reward conditions by combining spatial representations, Hebbian plasticity, and context-dependent modulation.
1000h agoAmbient glutamate levels vary by region in the brain and are affected by glutamate transporters and system Xc inhibition.
1000h agoMicroglial MyD88 signaling does not strongly regulate alcohol intake under normal conditions, but may play a role in modulating the impact of early life stress or inflammation on later-life drinking behavior.
1000h agoChronic alpha-synuclein overexpression changes iron and redox pathways, leading to reduced basal oxidative stress but increased sensitivity to disruption.
1000h agoMacaque monkeys adapt to a task by using individual cognitive strategies that combine working memory, selective attention, decision-making, and executive control across multiple timescales.
1004h agoSaccadic eye movements evoke a cortical potential called the lambda response, which is best explained by the retinal shifts caused by the eye movement itself, not by new visual input.
1004h agoActivation of certain G-protein-coupled signaling pathways in glia decreases or increases production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF).
1004h agoRapamycin increases autophagy and M2 polarization of microglia by inhibiting the mTOR pathway both in mice and in cell cultures.
1004h agoThe developing brain of the nematode C. elegans adds more synaptic connections and increases edge density while maintaining weak connectivity, and has a core with a conserved backbone of persistent neurons and a rich club organization that selectively strengthens over time.
1004h agoThe molecular analysis of brain tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy reveals disruptions in the blood-brain barrier and synapses, including loss of tight-junction proteins, increased inflammation, and altered signaling machinery.
1004h agoMicroRNA-181d associates with Alzheimer's disease-related brain changes and regulates amyloid and tau pathways by reducing neprilysin and increasing tau.
1004h agoParkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy share a common molecular feature of metabolic dysregulation, with changes in cellular metabolism and signaling pathways.
1004h agoMicroelectrodes on a large insulating body enhance signal quality and spatial localization, detecting epileptiform activity sooner and with greater specificity than ring electrodes in a seizure model.
1004h agoGalectin-3 helps microglia to uptake prions and plays a protective role in slowing down the progression of prion disease.
1004h agoThe spinal cord has 78 types of neurons that link to brain centers for sensations like itch, touch, and pain, and contains over 500 distinct neuron types with specialized functions.
1004h agoBergmann glia, a type of astrocyte in the cerebellum, can synthesize and release noradrenaline, which modulates synaptic integration and is required for motor adaptation.
1004h agoThe olfactory bulb is organized into spatially cohesive domains based on cell type and function, and specific domains are selectively recruited based on an animal's preference for certain odors.
1004h agoBasal forebrain cholinergic neurons that project to the medial prefrontal cortex receive distinct input patterns from various brain regions, with those in the nucleus basalis of Meynert receiving prominent input from the striatum that is impaired in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
1008h agoA statistical pipeline mapping genome-wide association study disease risk genes across the Human Protein Atlas reveals convergent neuronal enrichment in Alzheimer's, Lewy body, and Frontotemporal dementias.
1008h agoFv-HSP72 reduces neurodegeneration and preserves short-term memory in rats with blast-induced traumatic brain injury.
1008h agoVitamin D supplementation improves cognitive and motor deficits in Huntington's disease models by enhancing mitochondrial function and cellular survival through a mechanism involving the mitochondrial enzyme CYP27A1.
1008h agoIntegrating resting-state and task fMRI data improves the accuracy and individual specificity of brain network organization mapping.
1008h agoThe ENIGMA-PD-WML pipeline provides a standardized approach for analyzing white matter lesions in brain images, enabling accurate and reproducible results and sharing of data across multiple sites.
1008h agoPsilocybin and escitalopram cause opposite changes in the brain's hierarchical organisation, and brain scans before treatment can predict which patients will respond to each therapy.
1008h agoNew sensors called red fluorescent GRAB acetylcholine (ACh) sensors, including rACh1h, can reliably report acetylcholine dynamics in living organisms.
1012h agoA new test called SAGELD identifies genetic variants that change the effects of environmental exposures using longitudinal data in large-scale genome-wide analyses.
1012h agoSAGELD, a new method, leverages longitudinal data to detect gene-environment interactions with greater statistical power than conventional approaches.
1012h agoMaternal immune activation and peripubertal unpredictable stress disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory systems in the hippocampus by upregulating excitatory tone, disrupting synaptic maturation, and reducing endocannabinoid tone.
1012h agoA female-specific mechanism involving oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the neurexin pathway is associated with major depressive disorder, and conditional deletion of the GABRG3 gene in these cells leads to depression-like behaviors.
1012h agoEpisodic-like memories are organized across the brain through a distributed network, specifically a fronto-posterior medial network, that includes the retrosplenial cortex, which is necessary for successful memory recall.
1012h agoAstrocytes regulate neuronal synchronization and prevent pathological states by stabilizing extracellular potassium levels, and their gap-junction coupling strength determines the level of synchronization between neuronal modules.
1012h agoBlind people who use active echolocation can locate objects by producing tongue clicks that bounce off surrounding surfaces, with the technique's effectiveness influenced by the rate and intensity of clicks, target size, and head movements.
1012h agoKCNQ2/3 potassium channels regulate synaptic remodeling during withdrawal and activating them suppresses cocaine-seeking behavior.
1012h agoRe-expression of the FMR1 gene restores auditory circuit dysfunction and rescues audiogenic seizures in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome.
1012h agoImmersion in a second-language environment improves the brain's ability to extract target auditory information from background noise by sharpening attentional speech processing.
1012h agoDecision-making involves brain-wide fluctuations in neural representations of available options, tracking deliberation and scaling with decision difficulty through dynamic area- and attribute-specific changes in neural geometry.
1012h agoNeural activity synchronises with fluctuations in speech sounds, and this synchronisation occurs at specific frequency bands, reflecting the interplay of different neural mechanisms and sources.
1012h agoTDP-43 actively travels through axons and interacts with multiple motor proteins to ensure mRNA delivery to distal axons, and this transport mechanism may be impaired in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
1012h agoSATB2 mutations disrupt brain development by altering chromatin regulation, leading to abnormal neuron connections, impaired sensory processing, and intellectual disability.
1016h agoBrain structure, including white and grey matter, affects signal propagation delays in the brain, with metrics of brain structure predicting up to 26% of observed delays.
1016h agoFast BOLD fMRI detects changes in brain responses to brief stimuli, revealing early neurovascular impairment in patients with CADASIL, a genetic form of cerebral small vessel disease.
1016h agoMutating the Zfp719 gene in mice results in hearing impairment due to damaged outer hair cells, and disrupts normal hearing maintenance, particularly for high frequencies, as the mice age.
1016h agoLarge language models have internal representations of emotion concepts, but they do not fully function like human emotions.
1020h agoA new computational tool optimizes Temporal Interference stimulation strategies for targeting specific brain regions in mice, achieving more precise and intense targeting.
1020h agoConsciousness arises from a system's internal mechanisms and causal organization, not just its external behavior, and any system with the same intrinsic causal-computational structure realizes the same consciousness-relevant properties.
1020h agoA new method called MED-VAE aligns neural activity across different subjects without needing shared stimuli, enabling better generalisation and cross-subject neural prediction.
1020h agoEEG-Dash catalogues 791 public neurophysiological recordings from 39,778 participants, making them easily importable and queryable for machine-learning workflows without custom code.
1020h agoA new hybrid modeling framework combines neural ordinary differential equations with conductance-based biophysical models to discover unmodeled neural dynamics while keeping the models interpretable.
1020h agoBiologically grounded recurrent neural networks, built using data from mouse visual cortex, consistently outperform baseline models in cognitive decision-making tasks.
1020h agoRemoving the Default Mode Network causes the largest disruptions in brain connectome predictions, while the Somatomotor network causes the smallest.
1020h agoInfant-inspired noise with increasing temporal auto-correlation improves exploration efficiency in deep reinforcement learning by producing structured exploratory behavior.
1020h agoTransformers use internal state representations to infer a latent context variable at increasingly finer scales over their layers, enabling them to implement a richer class of in-context learning algorithms.
1020h agoFour generic collective regimes, including synchrony, irregular behavior, stationary state, and oscillatory patterns, emerge in excitatory and inhibitory spiking neural networks due to the interplay of intrinsic neuronal characteristics, network topology, and external stimuli.
1020h agoA novel framework identifies preictal states by embedding brain connectivity networks into a low-dimensional space, allowing for detection of subtle changes preceding seizures and robust classification of brain states.
1020h agoNeural mass models, which describe brain activity at different scales, can be organized into a systematic framework that connects various architectures and levels of biological detail.
1020h agoBiomechanics and environmental context must be considered to understand algorithms for behavioral control, and neuromechanical models that combine artificial neural controllers with body models in simulated environments are a powerful tool for this purpose.
1020h agoScaling brain activity models with more data improves performance, but increasing model size has limited benefits, unlike in language and computer vision where larger models drive progress.
1020h agoBiological neural systems use sparse, event-driven spike-based information to achieve robustness and adaptability in uncertain environments. (or alternatively) A new neuromorphic disturbance observer and control framework uses spike-timing encoding and neuron dynamics to achieve robustness and adaptability.
1020h agoLarge language model representations can predict brain responses to language stimuli, and a new framework called generative causal testing can explain what features of language drive these responses.
1020h agoStable two-dimensional solitary waves exist in a ponderomotive nonlinearity model, but other structures like line solitons and vortices are spectrally unstable.
1020h agoA hyperbolic system of four equations describes modulations of lump solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I equation in the presence of a mean field and determines conditions for interactions between lumps and a rarefaction wave.
1020h agoThe Marchenko integral equation, derived using bound-state poles and time-evolved dependency constants, yields the N-soliton solution to the Sawada-Kotera equation, with 2N real parameters related to bound-state poles and dependency constants.
1020h agoA new method constructs higher-order lump solutions by introducing spectral perturbations into the long-wave limit framework, allowing for controllable numbers of lump waves and anomalous scattering behavior.
1020h agoCylindrical waves propagating in a square network of acoustic waveguides have anisotropic dispersion properties, resulting in distinct waveforms that vary with direction.
1020h agoParametric driving and damping modify the edge-state family in a nonlinear Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice, generating two dissipative branches with different stability characteristics.
1020h agoThe pyrochlore lattice supports various nonlinear eigenstates, including fundamental solitons, vortices, and compact localized modes, which exhibit distinct stability features depending on the lattice topology and nonlinearity.
1020h agoThe bilinear method's integrability relies on the 3-soliton-solution condition and transformations between $\tau$ functions.
1020h agoThe spectral dimension determines spontaneous synchronization in nonreciprocal systems of noisy Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators, with synchronization occurring when the spectral dimension is above 2 and the phase lag is below a critical value.
1020h agoAlgebraic solitons of the Satsuma-Mimura equation respond differently to various perturbative mechanisms, with some perturbations preserving linearizability and yielding explicit shifted soliton solutions.
1020h agoA nonlinear model of coral, macroalgae, and algal turf competition on a reef shows that grazing intensity determines the stability of coral- and macroalgae-dominated states and the number of interior equilibria.
1020h agoThe accuracy of using infinite-domain solutions to approximate finite-domain localized states in elastic structures is controlled by an intrinsic decay length.
1020h agoThe study extends the averaged Lagrangian method to the eKdV equation and finds that a solitary wave solution with a sech^2 profile exists, with explicit formulas derived for its height, velocity, and width.
1020h agoThe governing equations of a physical system can be directly read from the autocorrelation of a partially measured signal, without needing to reconstruct the hidden state.
1020h agoThe Single Ring Theorem, which states that the mean eigenvalue distribution of random non-hermitian matrices is a disk or an annulus, breaks down as a matrix model flows towards normality when a parameter penalizing non-normality is tuned.
1020h agoThe model is a classical integrable field theory in two dimensions, derived from a deformation of the sine-Gordon model, with an underlying non-Lie Malcev algebra.
1020h agoScarred eigenstates in chaotic quantum systems act as spatial templates for operator growth and control scrambling, with similar spatial morphology leading to similar dynamical behavior.
1020h agoDynestyx, a new probabilistic programming library, provides easy-to-use support for state-space models, allowing users to estimate states and parameters with uncertainty quantification through a unified interface.
1020h agoA new framework learns effective Langevin equations from stationary time series by guaranteeing the observed steady-state density and enforcing short-lag coordinate-correlation constraints directly from data.
1020h agoDeterministic chaos can occur through a mechanism where non-normal Jacobians allow transient amplification of singular vectors, even when local spectral stability suggests contraction.
1020h agoThe study presents families of Liouville integrable Lotka-Volterra systems, specifically homogeneous $(3m-2)$-parameter families in $(2m)$- and $(2m-1)$-dimensional systems, as well as their inhomogeneous versions.
1020h agoPainleve' II symmetry reduction solves classes of moving boundary problems of Stefan-type for non-linear evolution equations.
1020h agoThe Volterra--Bogoyavlensky lattices generate rational solutions of higher symmetric Painlev\'e equations by exploiting their lattice structure.
1020h agoThe KP integrability of non-perturbative topological recursion is proved, which is a formal deformation of the Krichever construction of algebro-geometric solutions of the KP hierarchy.
1020h agoWave turbulence in chiral active media leads to anisotropic Kolmogorov-Zakharov spectra, modified cascades, and new conserved quantities, depending on whether the media exhibit odd viscosity or odd elasticity.
1020h agoThe performance of LSTM networks during training on real-world tasks goes through multiple cycles of improvement and decline after overtraining, with optimal performance often occurring at the transition point from order to chaos.
1020h agoDynamic Mode Decomposition can be extended to better extract transient activity from complex systems by introducing time-varying amplitudes for its modes, enabling a more interpretable representation of non-steady dynamics.
1020h agoThe inverse scattering transform is proposed for the continuum Calogero-Moser equation, using a distorted Fourier transform and deriving trace formulas for the eigenvalues of the Lax operator.
1020h agoThe non-stationary difference equation is generalized to $\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N$ and its Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of $q$-commuting variables, allowing factorized and normal ordered forms.
1020h agoNeural mass models, which describe brain activity at different scales, can be organized into a systematic framework that connects various architectures and levels of biological detail.
1020h agoA hierarchy of integrable equations is constructed, which includes extensions of the Liouville, sinh-Gordon, cosh-Gordon, and mKdV equations, and has conserved charges with nontrivial grading.
1020h agoThe framework enlarges the construction of $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded classical Toda theory to include $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded Lie superalgebras, and derives a $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded extension of the super-Liouville equation.
1020h agoThe system of 2D locally coupled discrete-state oscillators under thermal fluctuations undergoes a two-step transition to a synchronized phase with algebraic spatial correlations and divergent coherence time when the number of oscillator states is 5 or more.
1020h agoThe Effective Bethe Ansatz method provides a quantitatively accurate description of the ground state and first excited state in a non-integrable spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic chain, within a finite window around integrable points.
1020h agoSwitching between simple nonlinear maps can generate invariant structures that do not exist in the individual systems alone.
1020h agoA new data-driven method directly estimates the drift and diffusion coefficients of stochastic reduced-order models from observed data using a relationship between model coefficients and the conditional score of the transition density.
1020h agoThe complete seven-phase Anderson-localization landscape, including extended, critical, and localized phases, is realized in a one-dimensional Floquet photonic lattice.
1020h agoThe spectral form factor can be used to generate a phase diagram that shows a critical temperature for the transition from ergodic to localized phase in a disordered Heisenberg spin model.
1020h agoNonlinear optical systems can serve as physical transformation layers for conditional generative modelling, enabling improved digit-to-image translation with enhanced output diversity.
1020h agoThe algorithm CluMP uses collective updates on connected clusters of spins to efficiently find low-energy configurations in complex Ising systems with conflicting requests.
1020h agoA machine learning framework extracts Ising topological order from the two-dimensional Ising model on a torus by training Restricted Boltzmann Machines on critical data.
1020h agoMulticollinearity in input features makes the learned weights in multiple linear regression models hard to interpret, causing large fluctuations and oscillatory behavior that do not reflect meaningful contributions.
1020h agoFluid flow through porous materials stops at a critical concentration where void networks are disrupted, and this critical density is around 5% porosity when the material is severely fractured.
1020h agoInformation criteria, such as WAIC and WBIC, are adapted for singular learning machines by formulating a finite-time version of WBIC that depends on the learning dynamics under a resource constraint.
1020h agoA structural analysis of glasses made from a mix of silicon and boron oxides with soda and lime modifiers reproduces the glass transition temperature curve for a family of oxide glass mixtures.
1020h agoMaximizing Uffink entropies instead of Shannon entropy leads to higher-order networks with dependent edges, which exhibit features such as phase transitions and richer assortativity and clustering profiles.
1020h agoVQE can sometimes prepare states with high overlap with the ground state of quantum Hamiltonians, but it often fails to converge to the ground state and its performance has limitations.
1020h agoDisorder suppresses entanglement growth in quantum systems, and the coupling between charge and spin degrees of freedom is weaker than charge-charge and spin-spin coupling.
1020h agoThe Single Ring Theorem, which states that the mean eigenvalue distribution of random non-hermitian matrices is a disk or an annulus, breaks down as a matrix model flows towards normality when a parameter penalizing non-normality is tuned.
1020h agoThe limit free energy of all multi-species spin glasses with centered ±1 spins has been identified, and a one-species reduction formula for balanced multi-species models has been obtained.
1020h agoA solvable-point-guided strategy helps design neural-network quantum states that efficiently represent quantum many-body wavefunctions by reflecting their sign structure and constrained Hilbert space.
1020h agoRare region fluctuations of a random potential cause a rounded-off singularity in the density of states of a three-dimensional Dirac equation, making a disorder transition a crossover instead of a phase transition.
1020h agoA new approach to the Anderson transition in high dimensions uses branching graphs instead of high-dimensional lattices.
1020h agoA polynomial-time algorithm can detect the impossibility of flat-folding a crease pattern by analyzing the algebraic properties of its overlap graph.
1020h agoA convolutional neural network trained on disorder-free systems predicts that off-diagonal disorder preserves topological edge states, while diagonal disorder drives a transition to an Anderson insulator.
1020h agoThe imaginary gauge phase imprint (IGPI) framework enables engineering of wavefunctions with exact solutions and self-organization dynamics in non-Hermitian lattices, and reveals a novel skin critical phase with unconventional localization and topological characteristics.
1020h agoThe Daydreaming algorithm improves the storage capacity of the Hopfield model by reinforcing stored patterns and suppressing spurious attractors, and it works better than the pseudo-inverse rule for biased patterns.
1020h agoNeural quantum states require high-order correlations to faithfully represent quantum many-body wave functions, even for simple product states.
1020h agoA new method certifies entanglement depth by comparing neural quantum states with chosen entanglement constraints to unconstrained reference models, allowing for the detection of genuine multipartite entanglement in a system.
1020h agoThe finite-temperature phase diagram of a one-dimensional disordered Bose gas shows a low-temperature localized phase below a certain temperature, and a normal fluid above it, with a glassy regime in between where disorder plays a key role.
1020h agoThe percolation threshold for quasi-three-dimensional stick systems is 6.850923, which is approximately 21.5% above the threshold for two-dimensional systems.
1020h agoA neural quantum state architecture called EVE enables solving for momentum-sector ground states of continuum particles, describing four different states: superfluid, roton, crystal, and phonon.
1020h agoThe human visual system transforms observed actions into social meaning by representing them in a 5-dimensional space defined by formidableness, friendliness, locomotion, abduction, and environmental interaction.
1020h agoA low-rank pre-smoothing method improves estimation of brain connectivity in VAR models by reducing prediction error and enabling robust individual-level parameter estimation.
1024h agoCortical inhibition improves sensory discrimination in the primate visual cortex by changing the geometry of neural population responses.
1024h agoAdapting only the linear readout of a frozen liquid neural network core enables online adaptation to changing plant dynamics, allowing the controller to relearn and adapt to new conditions.
1024h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure disrupts brain development by altering the activity of a key enzyme complex, leading to changes that persist and are associated with learning and memory problems later in life.
1024h agoPeople experience mind blanking similarly whether they report it themselves or are interrupted to report it, but the brain activity differs when they are aware they are experiencing it.
1028h agoThe SMENA technique accurately estimates motion and B0 inhomogeneity every 200 ms, allowing for improved image quality in MRI scans even during continuous movement and deep breathing.
1028h agoA new imaging system enables whole-brain mapping at micrometer-scale resolution in large mammals, generating detailed datasets of white matter architecture in primate brains.
1028h agoTGFβ signaling helps microglia cope with myelin degeneration that is limited to specific times and areas.
1032h agoSAX-3/Robo signals through UNC-34/Enabled and UNC-40/DCC has a Netrin-independent function in axon guidance.
1036h agoThe closure of the Strait of Hormuz in 2026 exposes a structural dependency in the neuroimaging community.
1036h agoThe new Triple-N dataset integrates large-scale macaque electrophysiology with human 7T fMRI Natural Scenes Dataset to combine diverse brain activity measurements.
1036h agoAnodal stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus increases speech rate, while anodal stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus enhances the associative advantage in error rates, showing a hemispheric dissociation in word production.
1036h agoAminoglycoside ototoxicity is driven by the lysosome compartment, which causes delayed cell death through a mechanism that is independent of ferroptosis and relies on internal lysosomal conditions.
1040h agoOxidative stress and aging diminish neuromuscular transmission, muscle excitability, and nerve conduction, with changes in muscle membrane properties and transmitter release machinery.
1040h agoSemantic-category information can be recovered from EEG activity during picture naming, with decoding accuracy increasing when combining early and naming-related brain activity.
1044h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
1044h agoMarkov models can accurately describe the coarse structure of animal behavior, and their mathematical properties provide insights into the sequence-like nature and effective dimensionality of behavior.
1044h agoStructured noise in artificial neural networks improves their robustness to attacks and image modifications.
1044h agoVariational free energy minimization under a Poisson assumption provides a way to develop an energy-aware theory of computation that couples coding fidelity and energy expenditure through the firing rates of model neurons.
1044h agoHuman 3D vision uses two stages to estimate scene properties: first extracting stereo depth relative to fixation, and then interpreting this experience to estimate distance.
1044h agoThe independent component-based encoding framework dissociates stimulus-driven and noise-driven signals in fMRI data and enables analyses at the level of functional networks that are easy to compare across subjects.
1044h agoEmoMind, a new pipeline, decodes affective captions directly from fMRI signals by combining semantic content with a 34-dimensional emotion vector, outperforming label-prompted GPT-4 in generating individualized captions.
1044h agoA generalized Lyapunov function provides a unified understanding of nonequilibrium potential in nonlinear flows with recurrent structures.
1044h agoThe inertial Kuramoto system exhibits distinct hysteresis widths corresponding to different stable states due to the interplay of phase lag and triadic interactions.
1044h agoAffine rules in cellular automata have an exact Lyapunov spectrum that can be calculated directly from a single constant matrix, allowing for precise analysis of dynamical system sensitivity.
1044h agoInternal water waves between two fluid layers of different densities are described by nonlinear integrable models, and the characteristics of the waves are affected by shear currents.
1044h agoAxisymmetric Willmore surfaces can be described by a first-order ordinary differential equation that combines two independent first integrals, reducing the complexity of the axisymmetric Willmore equation.
1044h agoInteractions between particles in proto-planetary disks can lead to a phase transition that explains the formation of rings versus moons.
1044h agoThe choice of restitution model strongly influences the predicted system response of rocking blocks subjected to harmonic excitation, with alternative formulations leading to earlier and more complex oscillations.
1044h agoThermal feedback modifies pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems by enhancing instability growth rates and shifting pattern selection toward shorter wavelengths.
1044h agoA new criterion helps increase the diversity of a search campaign for exploring solutions to partial differential equations by analyzing the equation's residual behaviour under solution deformation.
1044h agoVariance and kurtosis measurements can identify turbulence in supercontinuum generation, and intensity-only statistical measurements can distinguish coherent and incoherent operating regimes.
1044h agoThe theory of odd wave turbulence describes properties of physical systems with weak-amplitude random waves interacting nonlinearly in chiral media with non-reciprocal stresses.
1044h agoThe gauge-invariant charges and densities of instanton solutions in Yang-Mills theories are conserved and can be measured through the non-Abelian Gauss law, revealing the internal structure of the instanton.
1044h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
1044h agoA stochastic exponential dense associative memory model exhibits complex intermittency with nontrivial temporal correlations and scale-free behavior, indicating spontaneous emergence of self-organizing dynamics.
1044h agoThe Feynman-Kac kernel relaxes to equilibrium, and its implicit potential can be interpreted as a killing rate or a branching rate, depending on its sign, in the context of diffusion processes.
1044h agoNeural-network quantum states optimization is fragile when the ground state has a non-trivial sign or complex phase structure, but using a direct estimator of the phase force instead of a stochastic estimator improves optimization.
1044h agoMemorization in diffusion models occurs based on local data coverage, with isolated training samples in sparse regions being memorized and dense regions supporting interpolation and generalization.
1044h agoDual-unitary kicked spin chains with long-range interactions have local two-point correlations that propagate along the light-cone edges.
1044h agoHebbian plasticity, firing-rate adaptation, and global inhibition enable a neural network to self-organize into a continuous attractor that can perform path integration and anticipatory dynamics.
1044h agoThe spatial photonic Ising machine can efficiently represent and solve a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems with convolutional structures using its native spatial quadratic unconstrained binary optimization formulation.
1044h agoThe interplay between non-reciprocal hopping, quasiperiodicity, and power-law exponent gives rise to various phase transitions and localization phenomena in a generalized Aubry-André-Harper model.
1044h agoA new algorithm, Parallel Tempering enhanced with Houdayer moves and an entropic reservoir (PTHR), enables fast simulation of three-dimensional spin glasses at low temperatures.
1044h agoThe finite-temperature phase diagram of a one-dimensional disordered Bose gas shows a low-temperature localized phase below a certain temperature, and a normal fluid above that temperature with glassy properties on intermediate scales.
1044h agoThe fractal architecture of biological tissues jointly controls the expansion of coagulation zones during thermal ablation, influencing clinical outcomes.
1044h agoA deep reinforcement learning approach identifies magnetic-field-temperature paths that create skyrmions with enhanced thermal stability in spintronic devices.
1044h agoThe circadian clock regulates central nervous system regeneration by controlling the immune response through the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 signaling axis.
1044h agoMuscle fiber composition is altered in cerebral palsy, with an observed shift towards oxidative fiber types in affected muscles, which can lead to reduced contractile force.
1052h agoChanges in brain connectivity gradients after a stroke explain semantic aphasia deficits, with disrupted connectivity in certain areas linked to impaired semantic retrieval.
1064h agoEnhancing extracranial lymphatic outflow regulates intracranial proteostasis and vascular remodeling, stabilizes cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, reduces amyloid-beta burden, and restores neurovascular homeostasis.
1064h agoThalamic inputs target specific sets of cortical neurons, forming distinct "signatures" that reveal a hierarchy spanning thalamic nuclei and visual cortical areas.
1064h agoPost-translational modifications in proteins are associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and cognition, with specific modifications in APP, MAPT, and other proteins linked to amyloid-beta and tau burden.
1064h agoThe lateral amygdala and amygdalostriatal transition area operate in parallel, integrating tone and shock signals during fear conditioning, while basal amygdala and central amygdala neurons are not robustly recruited.
1064h agoCortical geometry shapes the basic organization of sensory integration in the brain, with low-frequency geometric patterns providing a structural basis for sensory organization.
1064h agoDisruption of MAG function during early life alters cerebellar development and induces behavioral changes relevant to autism spectrum disorder.
1064h agoAdults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have disrupted motor sequence planning due to a failure to pre-order movements during retrieval of sequences from memory.
1088h agoLearning and memory depend on a non-canonical property of pre-myelinating or myelinating oligodendrocytes, not on rapid saltatory conduction in newly-myelinated circuits.
1088h agoChanges in a specific type of brain receptor help cause compulsive drinking despite negative consequences, and blocking these receptors in a certain part of the brain can prevent this type of drinking.
1088h agoThe sensorimotor system reduces tactile sensitivity during limb movement by predictively establishing tactile precision before movement onset, which helps separate tactile signals from sensory signals produced by self-movement.
1088h agoSleep oscillations help coordinate the reactivation of specific memories across the hippocampus and cortex, allowing for their consolidation.
1088h agoCoordinated activity in Purkinje cell populations emerges during development, transforming locally correlated activity into distributed cerebellar dynamics, and is shaped by early retina-dependent signals.
1088h agoThe brain uses two distinct systems to process prediction errors: a continuous system in the cortex that tracks small errors and a selective gate in the brainstem and pupil that responds only to large errors.
1088h agoHippocampal replay prioritizes memories based on behavioral state rather than expected reward, and recent experiences are replayed during sleep regardless of their reward value.
1088h agoThe temporal dynamics of reward network connectivity in the brain are associated with verbal communication symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
1088h agoA multiscale model shows that propofol reorganizes brainwide activity from individual receptors to systems-level circuits by modulating GABA-A receptors, resulting in changes to brain connectivity and a dose-dependent biomarker of propofol concentration.
1092h agoSpatial collinearity among PET maps degrades the reliability of molecular-enriched functional connectivity networks derived from multivariate analysis, and modelling each receptor independently yields more reliable results.
1092h agoImprecise prior expectations can dominate perception under sensory uncertainty, causing people to preferentially attribute ambiguous signals to less precise prior causes.
1092h agoInhibiting the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway reduces seizures by decreasing chloride accumulation in neurons and enhancing chloride extrusion during seizures, which works by inhibiting NKCC1 and activating KCC2.
1092h agoEye movements during sleep are closely linked to brain arousal levels, varying across sleep stages and types, and can be accurately tracked using video-based eye-tracking to classify sleep stages.
1092h agoAlternative splicing remodels expression of neuronal genes critical for learning at the genome-wide scale, operating as a separate regulatory layer that modulates physiological states to facilitate learning.
1092h agoSensory feedback from the lower limb can influence pelvic floor muscle activity, and stimulating specific nerves can elicit reflex responses in these muscles.
1096h agoAs people get older, they tend to have a more positive bias when interpreting emotionally ambiguous facial expressions, and this shift is linked to changes in the brain's locus coeruleus and prefrontal cortex circuitry that influence how they accumulate and evaluate evidence.
1096h agoPreparatory balance control, specifically force constraint 150-100 ms before movement onset, influences explosive force generation during base stealing by constraining horizontal ground reaction force toward a task-specific direction.
1096h agoPN6047, a novel DOR agonist, blocks headache-associated symptoms in preclinical models of chronic migraine, migraine aura, post-traumatic headache, and medication overuse headache.
1096h agoNeutralizing the HERV-W ENV protein with an antibody accelerates oligodendroglial differentiation, enhances remyelination, protects axons, and reduces neurotoxic microglial traits in mice with human-specific expression of the HERV-W ENV protein.
1096h agoA novel astro-neural field population model shows that activity-dependent astrocytic potassium clearance plays a key role in migraine-related cortical spreading depolarization.
1096h agoValue differences are systematically distorted during multi-attribute choices because they are encoded through capacity-limited information channels, leading to deviations from classical decision rules.
1096h agoRheumatoid arthritis is associated with accelerated brain aging, with patients showing a brain-age gap of +6.5 years relative to healthy controls and altered brain structures and biomarkers.
1096h agoBiological wiring contributes to neural computation by producing a specific representational geometry, a structure of pairwise distances between population responses to different stimuli, that cannot be replicated by arbitrary wiring.
1096h agoA scalable Bayesian factor analysis framework handles mixed data types, high dimensionality, and structured missingness in large-scale epidemiological studies, inducing sparse and interpretable factor loadings and identifying latent dimensions.
1096h agoCurated Residual Decomposition (CRD) substantially increases the number of motor units identified from surface electromyography recordings, especially the smaller and lower-threshold ones, resulting in more complete decomposition results.
1096h agoA coumarin-based compound, PT-13, disaggregates tau fibrils and oligomers, reduces tau pathology, and preserves brain function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
1096h agoOrganisms value information because it helps them solve core problems and survive in their natural environments.
1096h agoA new automated pipeline successfully segments and maps 97 compact brainstem and subcortical white matter pathways from diffusion MRI, enabling large-scale analysis of these previously underrepresented areas.
1096h agoVertebral bone geometry affects predicted lead fields in spinal cord electrophysiology measurements, with the type of bone representation influencing results more than the level of anatomical detail.
1096h agoPsilocybin alters the temporal organization of large-scale brain dynamics, increasing transitions between brain states, and this alteration correlates with both acute subjective experience and longer-term psychological changes.
1096h agoFemale Egyptian Fruit Bats show stronger physiological responses to social calls than males, and their behavior in response to these calls depends on the presence of another bat.
1096h agoAction observation lowers corticospinal excitability at early timings, then increases it to a plateau at later timings, and this increase is specific to the muscle involved in the observed movement.
1096h agoWearable fNIRS systems and NeuroDOT processing pipelines can examine changes in brain activity during learning in individuals with communication disorders, revealing differences in cortical activation patterns and hemodynamic responses over repeated sessions.
1096h agoIndividual variability, rather than biological sex, drives differences in psychostimulant-related behaviors in mixed-sex groups.
1096h agoIncome inequality shapes urban mobility patterns, which can be reconstructed from openly available maps and population data.
1100h agoA new model called neuroGravity combines physics and machine learning to map human movement in areas with limited data, and finds that income segregation mainly determines how people move around.
1100h agoCBD reduces neuropathic pain by activating PPAR and PPARγ receptors and requiring the enzyme NAPE-PLD.
1104h agoStriatal direct and indirect pathways jointly control the number of actions performed during counting and movement toward specific goals.
1108h agoBehaviorally relevant sound locations organize auditory cortical activity through temporal coordination, not changes in firing rate, allowing for selective processing of important sounds in complex environments.
1108h agoDopamine depletion disrupts the normal slow oscillations of acetylcholine signaling in the striatum, and L-DOPA treatment, especially with chronic use, further impairs this temporal organization, contributing to dyskinesia.
1108h agoRAI1 protein acts as a brake to slow down human brain cell development and prevent brain cells from taking on the wrong identity.
1108h agoShort-term plasticity in the retinocollicular pathway of mice exhibits three stages: weak facilitation of postsynaptic dendritic responses, strong facilitation of spike transmission, and longer lasting nonsynaptic facilitation of spike transmission.
1108h agoThe lateral septum receives VGLUT3-positive inputs from multiple brain regions, including the raphe nuclei, ventral hippocampus, and several other areas, which contribute to its functional specialization.
1108h agoThe human brain generates new neurons into childhood, and two subsets of neural stem cells, one biased towards interneuron and oligodendrocyte fates and the other towards astrocyte fate, are present in the postnatal brain, with their frequency declining exponentially across the first two decades of life but still present in 90-year-old brains.
1108h agoEarly childhood poverty causes lasting brain dysfunction in females by altering the blood vessels in a specific part of the brain, leading to reduced metabolic support.
1108h agoDRN/vlPAG neurons are most responsive to foot shock and mechanical stimuli, and 5-HT and DA neurons exhibit distinct patterns of activation following aversive inputs.
1108h agoThe brain predicts the colour of a future visual stimulus before it appears, with early visual regions forming anticipatory representations of colour information.
1108h agoAdaptive plasticity, especially homeostatic stabilization, is key to recall gains, and a multi-objective profile combining recall, temporal organization, and context sensitivity better distinguishes model classes than a single recall score.
1116h agoThe dying process involves a breakdown in coordination between neural and cardiac systems, with neural activity becoming more constrained and cardiac signals becoming more unstable.
1116h agoAcetylcholine levels determine the formation of neural assemblies in the hippocampus, with low levels leading to full network synchrony and high levels desynchronizing the network into multiple distinct assemblies.
1116h agoDFA-derived criticality features enable high-accuracy identification of deep sleep (N3) in EEG data from older women, with Naive Bayes achieving 87.17% balanced accuracy.
1116h agoThe policy compression framework for modeling human decision-making underestimates the cognitive cost of action selection because it doesn't account for irreducible uncertainty about which action to select.
1116h agoDYSCO, a multi-view temporal contrastive learning algorithm, recovers latent trajectories and governing dynamics from noisy, high-dimensional measurements by leveraging multiple independent views of the same underlying process.
1116h agoBMC-SSA improves the reliability of functional measures and uncovers differences in state-space dynamics in fMRI by emphasizing reliable oscillatory structure in noisy data.
1116h agoCognition is a collective nonequilibrium phenomenon governed by the geometry and relaxation spectrum of a learned cognitive manifold.
1116h agoA new approach called MSFL combines amplitude and phase information of fMRI signals to improve detection of brain disorders, outperforming existing models in classifying autism spectrum disorder and major depressive disorder.
1116h agoThe human brain remaps object representations based on their changing contextual roles, with action targets and passive objects engaging different neural networks and representational structures.
1116h agoThe Urysohn Machine model introduces a new way of classification-oriented computation that uses metric separation, frontier structure, and contraction to classify data.
1116h agoMultiple delays in feedback systems lead to chaotic dynamics, and the size of coherent spatio-temporal structures depends on the variance of the delay distribution.
1116h agoEach quiver is associated with soliton solutions of nonlinear integrable systems, including the KP and Toda hierarchies, through a computable formula.
1116h agoThe decay of the initial stationary state for the Volterra lattice with zero boundary condition is asymptotically self-similar, with a calculable propagation velocity and asymptotics.
1116h agoA framework using lattice structure generates rational solutions of higher symmetric Painlev\'e equations from Volterra--Bogoyavlensky equations, producing explicit expressions and new algebraic recurrence relations.
1116h agoThe dying process involves a breakdown in coordination between neural and cardiac systems, with neural activity becoming more constrained and cardiac signals becoming more unstable.
1116h agoAdaptive networks retain higher-order structures, including triplet operators, in their continuum description, meaning interactions between more than two nodes persist even at large scales.
1116h agoResonances in non-KAM systems cause strong structural changes in phase space and lead to quadratic growth in out-of-time-ordered correlators, controlling information spreading.
1116h agoA classically relevant stress-tensor deformation can be exactly solvable and preserve duality, but it is not physically causal unless it is the undeformed Maxwell theory.
1116h agoThree-dimensional optical solitons exhibit complex behaviors due to their spatiotemporal degrees of freedom, and real-time visualization with high resolution reveals that they stabilize in a multimode beam before spectral broadening during their formation.
1116h agoThe statistics of chaotic systems can be predicted by constructing a sequence of periodic differential operators and computing their densities of states.
1116h agoMachine learning identifies the boundary separating regular and chaotic dynamics in a generalized map, revealing how the boundary deforms as a phase shift increases.
1116h agoThe Darboux-Halphen system has two constructions: the Jacobi construction, which starts with transcendental functions as first integrals, and the Lie construction, which uses a single-valued representation of the simple Lie algebra $sl(2,\mathbb R)$.
1116h agoA new control strategy based on adiabatic spectral submanifolds enables soft robots to track complex paths by reducing the robot's dynamics to a low-dimensional model using data.
1116h agoA stochastic exponential dense associative memory network trained on the MNIST dataset exhibits a phase transition in its temporal dynamics, showing long-time correlated dynamics with persistent temporal memory at a critical noise level.
1116h agoVariational state estimation can accurately reconstruct a trajectory of chaotic systems from sparse data if the number of measurements is greater than or equal to the dimension of the system's inertial manifold.
1116h agoPeriodic integrable Markov models, constructed from set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, are equivalent to twisted Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process (SSEP) models, and exhibit different stationary states that can transition between each other.
1116h agoMany problems in computational science and engineering have one-to-many solutions, and deterministic surrogates may miss important uncertainty, which can be addressed by using a loss that scores distributions rather than point predictions.
1116h agoInteractions among students in federated learning enhance learning performance by helping noisy students recover underlying patterns faster and low-noise students achieve a larger overlap with the ground-truth signal.
1116h agoThe materials landscape has a hidden geometric organization that can be revealed through unsupervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction, allowing for accurate predictions of material properties, including critical temperatures of superconductors.
1116h agoA new neural quantum state, EVE, enables solving for momentum-sector ground states of continuum particles, describing four different states: superfluid, roton, crystal, and phonon.
1116h agoA dual-domain machine learning framework decodes the handedness of intrinsically chiral metal surfaces from images of their atomic structure and momentum-resolved photoemission maps, achieving high accuracy with the latter.
1116h agoEquilibrium Propagation can be used to train energy-based networks with a hybrid optical-digital implementation.
1116h agoThe functional renormalization group study reveals finite scale singularities due to disorder in the quantum (2+p)-spin dynamics of a N-vector model, which can be interpreted as a signal in perturbation theory.
1116h agoA new method accurately classifies crack generations from microscopic images by sorting a directed acyclic graph built from T-junctions and nearly collinear edges.
1116h agoNeural ordinary differential equations offer a framework for understanding artificial neural networks, connecting continuous-time modeling with discrete deep learning, and provide insights into neural network training and generalization.
1116h agoRenormalization group techniques reveal universal aspects of signal detection in nearly-continuous positive spectra through an analogue field-theory approach.
1116h agoThe interplay between unitary dynamics and quantum measurements induces diverse phenomena in open quantum systems, and a tenfold classification for symmetry and topology of monitored free fermions is established.
1116h agoRotating the boundary of bilayer graphene cavities drives a quantum transition from nearly integrable dynamics to a chaotic regime.
1116h agoCerebral arterioles generate their own rhythmic vasodynamics, persisting even when systemic blood pressure oscillations are eliminated.
1116h agoMutant SOD1 protein accumulation in myelinating oligodendrocytes disrupts myelinic channel integrity, contributing to the initiation and progression of familial ALS.
1116h agoStarvation improves food-related memory in adult flies, but its effects on other types of memory and in younger flies are more complex and varied.
1116h agoBOLD fMRI-based pulsatility indices provide a spatially and physiologically specific measure of vascular pulsatility, relating to cortical vasculature and responding to physiological vascular modulation.
1116h agoThe study maps cell type organization across the central nervous system, identifying shared and region-specific cell types, and reveals a continuous organizational logic and recurrent gene expression modules.
1116h agoThe MARINER visual stimulator reveals that larval zebrafish have a larger visual field than previously thought, extending almost to their belly, and are spatially biased to detect motion in natural scenes, and also shows that they are colorblind to "red" and "green" during optokinetic response.
1116h agoAnodal tDCS has age-dependent and dose-dependent effects on implicit motor sequence learning, improving performance in young adults at a low intensity but having no benefit or even impairing performance in older adults.
1120h agoAnxiety and depression impair decision making by reducing the sensitivity to the value of choices, rather than affecting avoidance of threats or cautiousness.
1120h agoPhotobiomodulation with 820 nm near-infrared light activates mitochondrial channels and causes neuroprotection through two types of cellular responses: an acute effect on mitochondrial channels and a long-term effect on gene expression.
1120h agoApoE4 has lower thermal stability than ApoE3 in native tissue, and rare disease-associated variants have different effects on stability depending on the ApoE isoform background.
1120h agoA new method recovers gaze in calibrated angular units from pixel displacements of the pupil and corneal reflections, allowing for accurate eye movement tracking in head-fixed mice.
1120h agoA new computational model called DigiMus combines brain structure and neural activity to model mouse behavior, and it performs stably in cognitive tasks and neural decoding, with improvements over existing models.
1120h agoThe electro-MICA toolbox helps to understand brain function and neurological disorders by combining electrophysiological recordings with multimodal neuroimaging data.
1120h agoIncomplete immunosuppression limits the benefits of a neurotrophin-enriched collagen hydrogel in stem cell-derived brain repair for Parkinson's, because T-cells still infiltrate the transplant site.
1120h agoMusic helps people with sleep-onset insomnia fall asleep faster, but this effect does not appear to be caused by brain waves synchronizing with the music's beat.
1120h agoDynamic brain connectivity patterns capture shared arousal dynamics across different measures and task contexts, and predict fluctuations in arousal during sleep and memory recall.
1124h agoReliability-weighted integration of cues works well in musculoskeletal models when conditions are normal, but adaptive statistics or learned source weighting improve estimation when assumptions change or fail.
1124h agoThe brain uses efficient codes at both perception and valuation stages to represent information, with each stage tracking its own objective prior and operating on different timescales.
1124h agoRepeated exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticide causes lasting changes in brain chemistry and behavior, especially in females, and leads to changes in DNA methylation, with females showing different behavioral effects than males.
1124h agoVisual impairment reduces accuracy and precision of arm position sense and increases cognitive load, especially in tasks that require judging arm position in relation to external space.
1124h agoThe magnitude of choice probability, which links sensory neuron activity to perception, is positively related to neuronal sensitivity, and its consistency across tasks and brain regions is influenced by factors such as type of percept, brain region, and stimulus duration.
1124h agoTauopathy disrupts normal neural function by causing neurons to be hyperactive and poorly tuned, and altering the relationship between the structure and function of dendritic spines.
1124h agoComputational analysis of a brief voice recording classifies depression-related anhedonia as effectively as task-based fMRI.
1124h agoActive finger movements intensify cortical proprioceptive processing in the SM1 cortex more than passive movements.
1124h ago-synuclein protein aggregates accumulate in the cerebral cortex and disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, leading to impaired motor function in synucleinopathies.
1124h agoMultiple competing pathways to synchronization with distinct properties underlie seizure propagation, and node ablation selectively alters these pathways, producing complex changes to seizure dynamics.
1124h agoThe human brain builds a 3D structure from different depth cues, which can be externalized from brain activity as explicit 3D objects through decoding fMRI responses.
1124h agoThe awake thalamus filters sensory input based on its dynamic state, which is influenced by signals from the cortex and brainstem, and the interaction of specific currents enables the thalamus to process rhythmic inputs and transmit information.
1124h agoThe zebrafish pineal gland has a complex and organized structure with different cell types that work together to regulate the circadian clock, including photoreceptors, neurons, and accessory cells with distinct functions and rhythmic patterns.
1128h agoBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling variations contribute to the risk of Parkinson's disease, and BMP therapy shows potential for preventing or reversing disease-related damage.
1128h agoIndividualized electric field simulations for transcranial brain stimulation show good to excellent reliability across different scanners and scans, with results robust to scanner-related variation.
1128h agoRunning improves mood by increasing the ability to sense and interpret internal bodily signals, which in turn reduces emotional disturbance and anxiety.
1128h agoA new type of tiny implant that can be delivered through a microcatheter enables electrical stimulation of neural circuits to modulate brain, autonomic, and immune functions.
1128h agoIndividuals with knee flexion contracture show altered neural control of ankle plantar flexors, with higher muscle activation and greater common neural input, indicating neural adaptations associated with the condition.
1128h agoMicroglial colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling contributes to stress-induced changes in the brain by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 activity and extracellular matrix remodeling within the nucleus accumbens core.
1128h agoBipolar disorder is associated with profound immune dysregulation, particularly affecting the toll-like signalling pathway, according to an analysis of brain cells from 12 participants with the disorder and 12 healthy participants.
1132h agoMutations in the ADNP gene cause changes in brain growth and behavior, leading to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
1132h agoSynapses that switch their learning rules based on their strength enable a neural network to learn cognitive tasks in fewer trials than networks using a single learning rule.
1132h agoTuft spikes in layer 5 neurons are accompanied by specific patterns of synaptic activity that support network-level functions, including a multiphasic elevation in synaptic activity and the concurrent activation of select subnetworks.
1132h agoSustained attention modulates the brain's response to sounds, but does not change the brain's preference for processing vowels over noise.
1132h agoHigher visual areas causally shape cross-modal processing in the auditory cortex through a mix of direct excitation and network-level modulation.
1132h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have regionally and developmentally specific differences in cortical excitation-inhibition balance, which is associated with symptom severity.
1132h agoGrid cells in the brain provide a periodic signal for self-location by using a two-dimensional code that aligns with the planes of motion in three-dimensional space to support navigation.
1132h agoHuman decision-making varies widely because people's brains have different capacities to process information, but within those limits, people use the information they have effectively to make accurate decisions.
1132h agoFunctional networks in the brain remain largely stable within individuals over prolonged periods of up to 13 years, showing person-specific characteristics.
1132h agoGenetic factors largely control aggression in mice, and differences in brain cell properties in a specific region account for variability in aggressive behavior.
1132h agoHigher posterior alpha power in brain activity predicts better literacy skills in bilingual children, and rapid naming of Chinese digits partly explains this link.
1132h agoBeta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can independently maintain essential metabolic and functional properties of brain tissue in the absence of exogenous glucose.
1132h agoSTN-DBS frequency modulation affects the 15-23 Hz power in Parkinson's disease, and low-frequency stimulation improves speech tempo by attenuating this power.
1136h agoFEABAS, a new software package, enables efficient and precise assembly of electron microscope images into a coherent 3D volume, handling datasets with common artifacts.
1136h agoStroke alters the brain's language network organisation, causing aphasia, and changes in how brain areas connect with each other predict specific language impairments.
1136h agoAn electrode's signal reflects both local and distributed information in the underlying system, with nearby electrodes contributing strongly to the signal but not accounting for all of it.
1140h agoBiological signal-based detection, including EEG and fNIRS, emerges as a promising objective alternative to traditional psychiatric diagnostics for identifying depression.
1140h agoLarge language models capture substantial components of human shared neural semantics, but their alignment with human brains is selective, especially for dimensions related to agency, affect, and social experience.
1140h agoIntegrating explicit memory into Large Language Models is necessary for advancing them toward Artificial General Intelligence.
1140h agoFlexiBrain, a new voxel-level encoding framework, enables direct processing of native fMRI data from diverse sources, bypassing destructive spatial standardization and reducing preprocessing costs, outperforming state-of-the-art methods in five neuroscience tasks.
1140h agoA new diffusion transformer model generates realistic brain dynamics during unseen cognitive tasks by combining language and spatial information, enabling zero-shot generalization and counterfactual neuroscience.
1140h agoLarge language models' internal representations can be enhanced by neural signals from the human brain's reasoning-related regions, leading to improved reasoning abilities.
1140h agoBrain-IT-VQA, a new framework, decodes language tokens from brain activity and answers visual questions from fMRI signals more accurately than previous methods.
1140h agoCollective decisions in groups without strict hierarchy often emerge through compromise, and a new model shows that uninformed participants can stabilize collective behavior through a dissipation-mediated mechanism.
1140h agoHarmonic forcing with azimuthal modulation generates standing-wave states in a boundary-driven two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and their existence and stability depend on driving amplitude, inner radius, and azimuthal charge.
1140h agoBackpropagation through the structure of a reaction-diffusion system fails to converge due to a landscape geometry with flat plateaus and sharp cliffs, and this issue cannot be fixed by the neural network component of physics-informed neural networks.
1140h agoKuramoto attention, a self-attention layer that uses angles to represent hidden coordinates, updates tokens by pulling them towards the circular mean of selected tokens, resulting in improved phase agreement.
1140h agoThe quasi-stationary distribution of the bond directed-percolation line of the Domany--Kinzel automaton changes sharply across the transition, with the active phase having a finite density and the inactive phase having surviving activity that collapses into a single flock.
1140h agoDeep-layered machines produce output functions with a distribution that favors low and high Hamming weights as depth increases, but this bias peaks at a certain crossover depth before collapsing onto constant functions.
1140h agoKuramoto synchronization dynamics implement a well-defined attention operation that replaces softmax's arithmetic with equilibration on a sphere, requiring no exponentiation and only local operations, and oscillator attention outperforms or matches softmax in various language tasks.
1140h agoA reservoir computer using a network of oscillators with a low-dimensional read-out can learn input time-series, including chaotic dynamics, by adjusting the forcing term.
1140h agoIntegrable massless fermions are defined by satisfying the Yang-Baxter equation and Shastry's decorated Yang-Baxter equation, and two mechanisms, breaking time-reversal symmetry with an external field or introducing time-reversal symmetric interactions, generate massive fermions.
1140h agoThe Time-Indexed Deep Alternating Layers Network (TIDAL-Net) improves performance in physical neural networks by leveraging timescale separation and layer-by-layer time multiplexing, allowing for increased effective depth at a lower implementation cost.
1140h agoA meso-scale continuum model and an atomistic Vicinal Cellular Automaton (VicCA) show that complex surface instabilities are fundamental growth phenomena in (2+1)D, reproducing step bunching and step meandering.
1140h agoA theoretical framework shows symmetry breaking and quantum irreversibility arise from stochastic field reversal in a nonlinear Schrodinger equation, yielding a universal asymmetry and a collapse operator that amplifies collapse in high-density regions.
1140h agoThe mean flow in five-neighbor particle cellular automata is uniquely determined by two densities, particle density and a second density, resulting in a single-valued three-dimensional fundamental diagram.
1140h agoFerromagnetism in narrow bands arises from the geometry of real-space overlaps between localized orbitals, and its critical interaction strength is sensitive to this geometry.
1140h agoDeep-layered machines produce output functions with a distribution that favors low and high Hamming weights as depth increases, but this bias peaks at a certain crossover depth before collapsing onto constant functions.
1140h agoNon-Hermitian systems exhibit delocalized states even in one dimension, and these delocalized states under periodic boundary conditions are intrinsically critical with universal algebraic correlations.
1140h agoThe study derives a crossover diagram and steady-state structure factor for an interface with nonlinear elasticity driven by temporally correlated noise, identifying three scaling regimes.
1140h agoNeural networks remain robust and maintain high accuracy in classification tasks even when inputs are over 90% corrupted, by implementing a prototype rule that assigns test points to the class whose training-set average they most closely resemble.
1140h agoDense active matter systems exhibit enhanced fluctuations and a correspondence between activity-induced annealing and annealing via oscillatory shear.
1140h agoThe attention mechanism in transformers learns abruptly during training due to a phase transition in the amount of training data.
1140h agoCavity-assisted hopping between localized states in disordered systems decays exponentially with distance, but the localization length increases with light-matter coupling strength and can extend over several lattice sites.
1140h agoThe study of a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with quasiperiodic disorder reveals a rich landscape of disorder-induced topological phases and reentrant topological transitions.
1140h agoA new open-source model estimates the scattering matrix of a disordered medium in the diffusion regime, incorporating both propagating and evanescent wave modes.
1140h agoDiffusion models learn simple, pair-wise input statistics before specializing to higher-order correlations, and a scalar invariant called the diffusion information exponent governs the sample complexity of learning these statistics.
1140h agoMachine-learned interatomic potentials have greatly improved molecular modelling by balancing simulation scale and accuracy, and now foundational models, trained on large diverse datasets, aim to work well for new systems with minimal updates.
1140h agoGradient descent in feed-forward ReLU networks can be described as a collective dynamics of fields on the training-set space, with weight variables eliminated from the activation dynamics for single hidden layer networks.
1140h agoCognitive co-activation dominates the synchrony of brain regions in awake humans, but shifts to anatomical and molecular constraints when consciousness is disrupted.
1144h agoA Hill-based reformulation of the Hodgkin-Huxley model uses sigmoidal functions to describe voltage-dependent ion channel gating, providing a more interpretable and adaptable framework for understanding neuronal excitability.
1144h agoFeatures extracted from structural MRI using an untrained convolutional neural network achieve predictive performance comparable to state-of-the-art pretrained models across three datasets and three tasks.
1144h agoScientists have created a platform to study living neurons from patients with neurodegenerative diseases, generating a 4-million-cell atlas of the human olfactory epithelium that can be used for research, target discovery, and biomarker development.
1144h agoAesthetic evaluation of neurofeedback stimuli occurs rapidly and implicitly, with distinct brain response patterns predicted by how much people like and find stimuli complex.
1144h agoMenstrual-related changes in oestradiol and progesterone levels affect dynamic aspects of the cerebrovascular system, including cerebrovascular reactivity and the haemodynamic response function.
1144h agoSensory uncertainty and contextual continuity influence serial dependence by a shared updating process that weights recent history according to the reliability and stability of the current perceptual environment.
1144h agoFemale and male mice show similar responses to a model of anorexia, suggesting that differences in anorexia prevalence between women and men may be driven by sociocultural pressures.
1144h agoAging impairs direct synaptic transmission between the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and local responses in the medial prefrontal cortex, with infralimbic circuits being particularly vulnerable.
1144h agoFlexible, goal-directed behavior depends on selecting and prioritizing information from memory representations, and different neural mechanisms are used to focus attention on items from working memory versus long-term memory.
1144h agoSignal quality metrics, including scalp coupling index and signal-to-noise ratio, relate to individual differences in task-related brain activation estimates in functional near-infrared spectroscopy research.
1144h agoConnectoFM, a foundation model for connectomics, learns robust visual representations from large-scale EM data and outperforms existing models in downstream tasks such as binary segmentation, multiclass cell typing, and instance segmentation.
1144h agoAnaesthesia reshapes the large-scale organisation of the primate brain by constraining brain activity with the underlying structural connectivity, collapsing the brain's functional geometry and breaking down hierarchical integration.
1144h agoElectric fields from deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease reach cortical peak magnitudes that exceed typical values of transcranial electrical stimulation, potentially having a direct neuromodulatory effect in wider brain regions.
1144h agoBacterial flagellin drives touch-evoked itch through Toll-like receptor 5 activation in specific mechanoreceptors, leading to a depletion of intracellular PIP2 and increased excitability of these neurons.
1144h agoCapsinoid treatment after a stroke reduces brain injury and improves functional outcomes in aged mice by inducing mild hypothermia.
1144h agoThe VAPBP56S mutation disrupts lipid homeostasis in the brain, causing an age-dependent imbalance in cholesterol and sphingolipids, which contributes to motor neurodegeneration in ALS8.
1148h agoThe zebrafish yolk sac serves as a coordinated developmental hub, facilitating complex crosstalk between neural, vascular, and metabolic systems during early vertebrate embryogenesis.
1148h agoThe study finds that areas of low metabolism around the main abnormality in focal cortical dysplasia also contain abnormal cells, suggesting that including these areas in surgical resection may improve seizure freedom.
1148h agoThe same strain of abnormal protein aggregates is likely to cause both subtypes of multiple system atrophy, with differences in disease manifestation arising from the location in the brain where the aggregates initially form.
1148h agoBiXformer, a new model, disentangles interactions between brain regions by separating communication into causal and acausal streams, allowing it to recover low-dimensional, directed latent dynamics and estimate communication delays.
1148h agoDysregulation of the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor system in the islands of Calleja within the ventral striatum contributes to affective dysregulation in alcohol use disorder, with increased dynorphin activity in these areas linked to increased negative emotional states.
1148h agoThe brain detects approaching objects using a combination of visual cues, including size expansion and luminance changes, and specific neurons can respond to both types of cues to trigger evasive responses.
1148h agoThe dorsal subiculum sends an inhibitory projection to the medial entorhinal cortex in mice and rats through GABA-releasing neurons, specifically parvalbumin-positive neurons.
1148h agoAdolescent-onset schizophrenia patients show different brain organization and dynamics than healthy controls when switching from rest to performing a cognitive task.
1148h agoThe superior colliculus promotes competing actions independently of sensory inputs, helping to select which actions to take.
1148h agoCephalopod arm nerve cords have a consistent internal organization with distinct cell body regions, and contain diverse cell populations including bipolar neurons and glia-associated cells.
1148h agoThe lateral entorhinal cortex helps retrieve old memories of inconsequential stimuli that compete with new memories, and its dysfunction may contribute to increased memory interference.
1148h agoThe critical flicker fusion threshold predicts individual differences in attentional blink but not global motion sensitivity, suggesting it reflects a general visual processing rate.
1152h agoMaternal cells are present in the human brain throughout life, often in large quantities, and can become various types of brain cells.
1152h agoAPOE4 carriers have a greater proportion of posterior circulation infarcts, and their infarcts are more likely to be located in the posterior part of the brain.
1152h agoThe McGurk illusion dataset, comprising over 1,400 speech stimuli from 80 Mandarin speakers, reveals substantial variations in audiovisual speech integration across participants and speakers, and provides a standardized resource for investigating speech perception and integration.
1152h agoChildhood visual experiences shape the brain's ability to recognize faces and objects, and in Deaf signers, the brain's visual cortex develops a unique organization to process sign language learned in childhood.
1152h agoThe gut microbiota regulates brain function and plasticity during postnatal development, and disrupting it with antibiotics during critical periods impairs visual cortex development and plasticity in juvenile mice.
1152h agoNeurons adjust their firing properties to maintain stable network activity through a specific gene expression program that regulates neuronal excitability and synaptic function.
1152h agoThe SLC6A1 A305V variant impairs GABA transporter's function by disrupting its trafficking, and this dysfunction can be treated with two approaches: pharmacologic correction using 4-Phenylbutyrate and augmentation of functional transporter dose through gene therapy.
1152h agoDopaminergic neurons in Drosophila integrate prediction errors, expected outcome timing, and a longer-timescale signal reflecting learning stabilization during aversive conditioning.
1152h agoScarring fibroblasts interact with inflammatory macrophages in human brain aneurysms, leading to vessel wall remodeling, disease progression, and rupture.
1156h agoLarge cerebellar volume helps protect the brain from decline by preserving cognitive abilities in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease.
1156h agoFunctional MRI-guided high-density electrophysiological recordings across macaque visual cortex reveal responses to natural scenes, providing a resource for studying visual coding and cross-species comparisons.
1156h agoFABP8/PMP2, a lipid-binding protein, is a unique feature of CNS myelin in humans and some monkeys, and its presence affects myelin composition and thickness.
1156h agoSchizophrenia risk variants affect brain cells' ability to sense and transduce signals through ciliary dysfunction, a mechanism linked to the disease's genetic risk factors.
1156h agoThe external globus pallidus regulates thalamic activity through a previously unknown pathway to the nucleus reticularis thalami, influencing movement in a state-dependent manner.
1156h agoThe medial frontal cortex of mice plays a necessary role in efficient navigation by representing the mouse's position in a maze and the shortest path to the goal, and updating this information to guide behaviour.
1156h agoThe rat brain develops from globally interconnected juvenile networks to functionally segregated adult networks, with maturation characterised by network fractionation and delayed cortical specialisation.
1156h agoHPDL deficiency causes progressive synaptic impairment, loss of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and neurodegeneration in human cortical cultures, likely by disrupting cortical development and destabilizing cell identity.
1156h agoMitochondrial density and tissue respiratory capacity in the brain decline with age, while mitochondrial quality remains relatively preserved, and abnormalities in mitochondrial features are linked to disease and cognitive performance.
1156h agoAuditory brain regions are activated during high-demand visual tasks, and this crossmodal plasticity occurs in both people with age-related hearing loss and those without it.
1156h agoGABAergic synaptic dynamics organize into a functional continuum with overlapping modes corresponding to different genetic identities, spanning from Parvalbumin to Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide presynaptic neurons.
1156h agoMitochondrial ROS production is necessary for synaptic strengthening and behavioral sensitization, and directly modulates circuit function and behavior through postsynaptic signaling.
1160h agoHigher-intensity sensory stimulation is associated with expansion of activation topography in the brain, which involves both the enlargement of already-activated areas and the recruitment of novel regions.
1160h agoThe multifractal analysis of brain structures using a novel method called Multifractal Space-filling Curve Analysis reveals that their spatial organization weakens with age and the development of dementia.
1164h agoA hyperbolic structure underlies population activity in the hippocampus, allowing animals to encode spatial information as a latent cognitive map that improves memory capacity and decoding accuracy.
1164h agoSleep EEG signal criticality, measured through Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, differs in people who remain cognitively normal and those who later develop dementia-related impairment, with cognitively healthy individuals showing signal dynamics closer to an optimal state.
1164h agoThe burst fraction of a neuron, which is the proportion of its spikes emitted in high-frequency bursts, encodes reach direction and goal information in the motor cortex.
1164h agoGRAFT, a Transformer-based model, separates reusable temporal dynamics from a recalibratable neuron interface, enabling strong neural population activity modeling and efficient cross-day recalibration.
1164h agoNetwork control theory can be used to steer neural dynamics, and a new edge-centric approach called QUIET identifies energy-efficient synchronization pathways to optimize regional synchronization.
1164h agoSimilarity-Based Representation Factorization (SRF) recovers low-dimensional, interpretable embeddings from similarity matrices, enabling the uncovering of dimensions that shape representations in various fields.
1164h agoMixed-sign local feedback can reshape the balance between pinning and drifting in coupled active rotator networks, even with a homogeneous intrinsic drive.
1164h agoThe study explores noncommutative analogues and integrable discretisations of nonlinear Schrödinger-type systems, deriving continuum limits, constructing noncommutative deformations, and finding Darboux-Bäcklund transformations and explicit solutions.
1164h agoA framework for studying the birth of time-periodic, spatially localized states from the linear spectrum of a finite lattice applies to Fermi--Pasta--Ulam--Tsingou interaction nonlinearity, yielding a quantitative radius of convergence that determines when near-edge modes stay extended or localize.
1164h agoThe one-dimensional swarmalator model with randomly distributed phase coupling shows a static cluster where the population splits into positively and negatively coupled groups, with the cluster's order parameter set by the excess of positive coupling.
1164h agoSelf-propulsion in the 1D swarmalator model leads to dynamic states including traveling, breathing, split-wave, and chaotic states, replacing the static states of the ordinary model.
1164h agoA biophysical formalism is introduced that describes how tissues evolve chemically over space and time, with cells maintaining the system far from thermodynamic equilibrium through production and degradation of substances.
1164h agoTrained long short-term memory networks exhibit near-critical dynamics, characterized by scale-free avalanche statistics, when they are small and near their optimal training point.
1164h agoBilinear equations of sine-Gordon and nonlinear Schrödinger types can be converted into nonlinear forms using a new formulation that employs Bell polynomials.
1164h agoThe large-time asymptotic behavior of a new KdV soliton gas can be described by an explicit leading-order asymptotic formula in terms of Jacobi elliptic function.
1164h agoThe long-time asymptotics of a full soliton gas for the Camassa--Holm equation converges to a limiting soliton gas model with two nonzero reflection coefficients as the number of poles approaches infinity.
1164h agoComplexity synchronization, which is the synchronization of evolving temporal complexity across coupled variables, reveals how coordination is organized in adaptive systems and provides a basis for targeted repair.
1164h agoRandom matrix approaches reveal universal statistics governing chaotic wave scattering and transport in open systems, which are influenced by symmetry, openness, and channel coupling.
1164h agoThe study examines a system of two cubic reaction-diffusion equations for gene frequencies in population dynamics and identifies all possible symmetries, constructing a wide range of new exact solutions.
1164h agoThe study uses Hirota's bilinear method to construct and analyze soliton and breather solutions for the integrable discrete Manakov system, obtaining explicit formulas for various interactions.
1164h agoA spin-polarized wave packet in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas exhibits a jittery quantum boomerang effect, where longitudinal and transverse motion return to the origin through distinct mechanisms.
1164h agoA magnetic extension of the Hierarchically Interacting Particle Neural Network enables large-scale simulations of electron-mediated spin dynamics in disordered itinerant magnets by incorporating rotationally invariant spin correlations into hierarchical message-passing layers.
1164h agoThe local density of states distribution of a general class of weighted Erdős-Rényi graphs exhibits power-law tails with an exponent of 3 in the extended phase.
1164h agoMatrix product states are free from poor local minima in their energy landscapes, making them remarkably trainable, because their gauge freedom creates an effective local overparametrization that causes local minima to concentrate near the global minimum.
1164h agoThe multifractal analysis of brain structures using a novel method called Multifractal Space-filling Curve Analysis reveals that their spatial organization weakens with age and the development of dementia.
1164h agoDissipation induces the emergence of anomalous mobility edges and extended-localized transition in emitter-cavity arrays controlled by quasiperiodic potentials.
1164h agoThe UZH protocol calibrates and validates numerical settings in CP2K/Quickstep simulations, allowing it to decompose and reduce errors into Gaussian-basis and pseudopotential components, and produce improved basis sets and pseudopotentials.
1164h agoHierarchical crack patterns in drying thin films have a specific morphology that can be analyzed using graph theory and simulated using a crack growth model that best reproduces the patterns' key features.
1164h agoComplexity in Krylov basis grows linearly then saturates at a late-time value in random quantum circuits.
1164h agoGradient descent in feed-forward ReLU networks can be rewritten as a collective dynamics in training-set space, where the weight variables can be eliminated and governed by a collective kernel.
1164h agoOlder adults' brains show increased inhibitory mechanisms in certain areas, specifically enhanced gamma somatosensory gating in the supplementary motor area and increased theta somatosensory gating in the primary somatosensory cortex, which may help offset age-related declines in attention and executive function.
1164h agoOstracism increases distress and neural activity in the brain, and this effect varies depending on individual traits such as social anxiety and need for belonging.
1164h agoBrain dynamics described by different mathematical frameworks can be unified under one self-adjoint operator, which is controlled by a single parameter, the spectral gap, and responds to structural perturbations in a coordinated way.
1164h agoREM sleep theta oscillations play a central role in reducing the emotional tone of memories.
1168h agoBrainstem neuromodulatory systems interact with cortical decision-making processes, with pupil responses mirroring decision uncertainty and predicting adjustments in choice behavior.
1168h agoLearning in a task controlled by electrical microstimulation reshapes cortical circuits through activation-mechanism-dependent plasticity.
1168h agoThe Hierarchical Sequential Sampling Model (HSSM) ecosystem provides a Python toolbox that allows users to access and apply a wide range of neuro-cognitive process models through hierarchical Bayesian inference.
1168h agoMicroglia morphology is linked to gene expression in the human brain, and combining morphology with transcriptomics data helps understand regional differences in brain gene expression.
1168h agoThe signed-XOR motif, a specific neural circuit pattern, enables local error signals to direct synapse changes by converting mismatches into directional error signalling.
1168h agoMotor automaticity depends on the frequency of naturally learned motor sequences, with more frequent sequences performed faster and with lower variability.
1168h agoMyelinated axons bending from cortex into superficial white matter are likely the neural targets activated by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
1168h agoEpilepsy shows different structural brain alterations in males and females, with female patients having more widespread changes, especially in genetic generalized epilepsy.
1168h agoAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex improves tactile working memory performance by 5% in a time- and baseline-dependent manner.
1168h agoHormonal changes across the menstrual cycle increase the perceived cost of physical effort, but a positive emotional state can reduce this effect.
1168h agoResting-state EEG signatures of criticality predict the capacity for consciousness in non-anoxic brain-injured patients, but not in those with anoxic brain injury.
1168h agoPINK1 deficiency causes astrocyte dysfunction, leading to neuronal damage through non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, and pharmacological enhancement of autophagy can mitigate this damage.
1168h agoAutistic traits do not affect how people combine information about themselves and others when making social decisions, specifically in terms of self-bias and social basis function use.
1168h agoModulation index-based phase-amplitude coupling does not capture temporal polarity and therefore cannot on its own determine the temporal alignment, phase polarity, or directionality of neural oscillations.
1168h agoThe human ventral tegmental area has a complex architecture with multiple neuronal cell types and distinct connectivity profiles, linked to genetic risk for psychiatric disorders and body mass index.
1168h agoSpecialized temporal foveae enable aerial insectivores, such as swifts and swallows, to track and capture prey at high speeds by linking high-acuity vision to rapid temporal processing.
1168h agoIntracellular organelles in branched cells are organized in a way that supports transport, signaling, and function, and this organization changes in response to injury.
1168h agoAuditory working memory and sound segregation ability are strong predictors of speech-in-noise outcomes in adult cochlear implant users.
1168h agoCholesterol levels in the brain and spinal cord change during development, demyelination, and remyelination, and damage to the myelin sheath disrupts normal cholesterol levels and leads to the formation of cholesterol esters.
1172h agoInteractions between immune cells and the blood-brain barrier in Parkinson's disease are shaped by immune cell status, endothelial genotype, and exposure to a-synuclein, and are strongly influenced by the dimensionality and flow of the blood-brain barrier model used.
1172h agoA new approach redefines EEG microstate analysis by treating templates as landmarks in a state space, providing a more principled foundation for state definition and improving analytical performance.
1172h agoThe Wnt-calcium signaling pathway is required for stereotyped neurite pruning during development, functioning through a series of molecules including IP3 receptor, calcium-dependent kinases, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
1172h agoDepression alters neural responses in two prefrontal areas, changing how adolescents process emotional experiences, and this change happens at specific moments, particularly during social and cognitive events.
1172h agoAversive experiences in the nematode worm C. elegans trigger long-lasting changes in behavior by activating specialized integrator neurons that store information about past experiences over different timescales.
1172h agoPLCγ-dependent phosphoinositide turnover regulates glial engulfment of degenerating neuronal material, and its disruption impairs clearance of damaged axons and influences neurodegenerative disease risk.
1172h agoAcute stress facilitates the acquisition of reward-directed actions by altering dopamine signaling in specific brain pathways.
1172h agoPlacebo analgesia works by engaging a brain-wide network that includes the anterior cingulate cortex and mu-opioid receptor-expressing neurons in this region, which reduces pain sensitivity.
1172h agoExposure to alcohol during development causes epileptiform discharges in the retrosplenial cortex, which may drive changes in brain activity that alter memory in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
1172h agoThe P300 amplitude reduction is shared across alcohol and cocaine use, with time-frequency analyses revealing broad delta reductions across substances and theta-band activity reductions specific to alcohol users.
1172h agomRNA-lipid nanoparticles cross the disrupted blood-spinal cord barrier after injury and produce local gene expression in the spinal cord when given intravenously within 6 hours of the injury.
1172h agoThis dataset provides a longitudinal record of brain development in Wistar rats from pre-puberty to early adulthood, including structural and functional MRI scans, body weight measurements, and puberty tracking.
1172h agoCLN3 disease causes pathway-specific changes in visual processing, with enhanced activation in some visual pathways and reduced activation in others, even before severe retinal degeneration occurs.
1172h agoLearning drives changes in spine structure and function in the adult cortex, increasing spine complexity, formation, and preferences for task-relevant information, and reconfiguring spine nanostructure and inputs.
1176h agoMnTBAP prevents cisplatin-induced hearing loss by protecting hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons from damage.
1176h agoNeuroD1 cannot convert microglia into neurons, and its overexpression in microglia does not promote brain injury recovery.
1176h agoTraumatic brain injury combined with chronic stress disrupts the coordination of the capillary network, leading to reduced blood flow responses to neuronal activation.
1176h agoSmaller mammals with crouched postures have greater lateral stability while walking than larger, more upright mammals, due to their wider step widths and limb posture.
1176h agoUsing nonlinear neural manifolds, people rapidly gain control over a noninvasive brain–computer interface and learn to play a video game with real-time fMRI neurofeedback from cognitive brain regions.
1180h agoDendritic spines help organize synaptic connections between neurons, with their density correlating with the number and diversity of presynaptic partners, and play a key role in network-level cooperation and cortical connectivity.
1180h agoLow-dimensional neural coding helps large neural populations sustain reliable working memory by suppressing noise, and this leads to a working memory duration that increases linearly with network size.
1180h agoRestoring Stxbp1 gene expression to normal levels using CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation reduces seizure frequency and aggressive behavior in a mouse model of Stxbp1-related encephalopathy.
1180h agoA cortical pyramidal neuron can perform complex computations, including image and audio classification tasks and high-dimensional nonlinear problems, due to its dendritic trees and nonlinear membrane conductances.
1180h agoRight-sided VCVS DBS stimulation improves cognitive control more than left-sided stimulation, and this effect is mainly caused by the activation of right dorsal prefrontal cortical pathways connected to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
1180h agoEarly childhood stunting leads to altered brain network organization and reduced cognitive performance in later childhood, with persistent stunting associated with the most pronounced changes and partial catch-up linked to compensatory adaptations.
1184h agoSSRIs increase cAMP levels in astrocytes through a process that involves astrocyte-microglia crosstalk and purinergic signalling, leading to a better understanding of their therapeutic effects.
1184h agoError-driven predictive learning via temporal derivatives meets three key criteria for how the neocortex learns and is implemented using known neural circuits and mechanisms.
1188h agoA single spatial principle organizes representations across sensory and cognitive systems, with nearby neurons in the cortex sharing similar response profiles and processing information in a contiguous and integrated way.
1188h agoA video-based framework accurately detects multiple movement disorders, including dystonia and tremor, in both adults and children using routine clinical recordings.
1188h agoA unified framework called GNOVA forecasts Alzheimer's disease trajectory by predicting cognitive scores from irregular visits, enabling interpolation and extrapolation, and providing uncertainty estimates using routine visit data.
1188h agoA new statistical framework represents cyclic interactions as edge flows on a simplicial complex, allowing for the detection of stable recurrent organization in complex systems, including large-scale cyclic patterns in brain activity from 400 human subjects.
1188h agoDynamical mean-field theory shows that deterministic chaos in random recurrent networks can be seen as an effective stochastic process, but the past of a realized trajectory uniquely determines its future.
1188h agoGradient-based learning builds slow modes in recurrent circuits by tracking a low-dimensional system that follows outlier eigenvalues of the recurrent weights.
1188h agoA novel framework decodes fMRI signals into textual descriptions of viewed natural images, capturing core semantic content and revealing the critical role of higher-level visual cortices in visual semantic processing.
1188h agoMulti-Region Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (MR-LFADS) disentangles inter-regional communication, inputs from unobserved regions, and local neural population dynamics, outperforming existing approaches in simulations and predicting brain-wide effects of circuit perturbations in real neural data.
1188h agoConscious representations in neural systems are unambiguous, and researchers have found that relational structures in network connectivity can encode representational content without ambiguity, allowing for accurate identification of output neuron class identity and decoding of input neuron spatial position.
1188h agoThe motor cortex's functional geometry can be explained by a sub-Riemannian higher-dimensional geometry that accounts for geometric and kinematic properties of hand movements.
1188h agoSpatial navigation tasks can detect early signs of Alzheimer's disease in people who are at risk but still have no symptoms.
1188h agoEEG features capturing neural dynamics can discriminate Parkinsonian neural states, with standard features best distinguishing medication states and dynamical descriptors revealing broader alterations in cortical network organization associated with disease and medication.
1188h agoReflective Empiricism combines subjective experience and objective laws to provide a more comprehensive understanding of reality, enabling a holistic approach to phenomena through systematic introspection, bias recognition, and logical modeling.
1188h agoLarge nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings have a covariance matrix that matches that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
1188h agoThe universal solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation also obeys a lower order partial differential equation of differential order one.
1188h agoDifferent oscillatory modes, including complete synchronization, exist simultaneously in a one-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain, but synchronization is lost with a large number of spins, and field-like torque can restore synchronous oscillations.
1188h agoGeometric curve flows can be divided into two types: travelling loops and rotating loops, which arise from different types of solutions to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.
1188h agoLong-lived dynamical organization can arise without local-neighborhood combinatorics, as shown by a Separable-Field Cellular Automaton where survival and birth are governed by threshold intervals, leading to four outcome classes: extinction, fixed points, cycles, and long transients.
1188h agoA novel framework proposes to tailor mental health treatment to individual patients by using longitudinal data and simulations to identify the most effective treatment approach.
1188h agoChaos emerges in a harmonic potential well when it is perturbed by Gaussian-like terms in the system's Hamiltonian, and its development is affected by deformations from different Gaussian bump configurations and amplitude modulations.
1188h agoCoalition formation helps complex systems achieve global efficiency by overcoming selfish stagnation and driving them toward optimal states.
1188h agoThe Majda-McLaughlin-Tabak family of models confirms predictions of wave turbulence theory through numerical simulations of the wave kinetic equation.
1188h agoThe cubic focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation has a non-zero intersection with full soliton gas initial data for initial conditions that are asymptotic to an elliptic travelling wave.
1188h agoThe mean flow of five-neighbor particle cellular automata is uniquely determined by two densities, particle density and a second density, resulting in a single-valued three-dimensional fundamental diagram.
1188h agoVehicles move in three phases - beginning, middle, and end - with distinct detour, speed, and directional patterns, and tend to concentrate on high-level roads to minimize travel time in hierarchical road networks.
1188h agoA phase transition occurs in a classical spin chain model between controlled and chaotic dynamics when a contractive control map alternates with chaotic Hamiltonian dynamics.
1188h agoA model solvable by "free fermions in disguise" has been found with a spectrum that does not have exponential degeneracies for generic coupling constants.
1188h agoA novel twelve-component and six-component semi-discrete nonlinear system was developed, which can model actions of external parametric drive and uniform magnetic field, and has specific symmetries and conservation laws.
1188h agoChanges in swarmalator dynamics are governed by changes in the system's topology.
1188h agoThe study presents families of Liouville integrable Lotka-Volterra systems, specifically homogeneous $(3m-2)$-parameter families in $(2m)$- and $(2m-1)$-dimensional systems, as well as their inhomogeneous versions.
1188h agoBall lightning can be explained as a three-dimensional projection of a high-dimensional topological soliton, described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with attractive interactions.
1188h agoLocalized inhomogeneity in migratory bird formations affects their geometry and stability, with the range of wingspan variation that preserves a stable formation depending on the position of the modified bird.
1188h agoTwo-state random walks exhibit a coexistence of Joseph, Noah, and Moses effects due to stochastic switching between a continuous-time random walk rest state and a standard L'evy walk motion state.
1188h agoNonlinear topological systems exhibit new types of self-induced topological edge states with hallmark features of linear topological edge states, including sublattice polarization and phase jumps.
1188h agoThe Kibble-Zurek mechanism holds for open systems transitioning from a disordered phase to a discrete time crystal, showing power-law scaling with quench time of spatial defects and transition delay.
1188h agoSpectral fluctuations in multilayer networks follow universal patterns, and a random matrix theory framework can characterize these patterns across different network configurations and real-world systems.
1188h agoThe solution to the loop equation for freely decaying incompressible turbulence reveals a universal energy scaling function that is independent of spatial dimension.
1188h agoThe Saffman crossover reorganizes dipole interactions in a viscous membrane, changing dynamics from one-dimensional to two-dimensional and leading to universal collapse for pullers.
1188h agoCoherence resonance in excitable systems is obscured by flattened energy landscapes and complex dynamics, but a new method extracts optimal noise intensities, showing a noise-induced transition from sub-threshold shivering to functional synchronization in quiescent biological systems.
1188h agoCoarse-graining procedures provide a rigorous approximation of equivariant families for sequential systems with memory loss, and the linear response of reduced finite-state Markov models converges to the projected linear response of the original system.
1188h agoA theoretical framework reveals that symmetry breaking and quantum irreversibility arise from stochastic field reversal in a nonlinear Schrodinger equation, leading to an asymmetry-coupling parameter of 2/3 and a collapse operator that amplifies in high-density, high-excitation regions.
1188h agoThe moments of a disordered Ising chain with transverse and longitudinal fields grow almost factorially, indicating maximal spatial delocalization of local operators and ruling out dynamical locality at any disorder strength.
1188h agoA new approach to dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) accurately describes stochastic dynamics on sparse and heterogeneous networks by using continuous-time cavity derivation and path measures.
1188h agoThese lecture notes present a statistical-mechanics route to the spectral theory of sparse and diluted random matrices, covering topics such as cavity and replica methods, resolvent techniques, and spectral densities.
1188h agoDynamical mean-field theory shows that deterministic chaos in random recurrent networks can be seen as an effective stochastic process, but the past of a realized trajectory uniquely determines its future.
1188h agoQuantum resource theories fall into two classes: "smoothly localizable" and "threshold localizable", which determine how local wavefunction distributions change with global resource density.
1188h agoA graph neural network policy accurately predicts the next entangling operator for adaptive variational quantum algorithms, reproducing the dominant structure of a greedy gradient-based selection rule.
1188h agoA phase transition occurs in a classical spin chain model between controlled and chaotic dynamics when a contractive control map alternates with chaotic Hamiltonian dynamics.
1188h agoCollective phenomena in ecological communities, such as percolation and clustering of occupied sites, can be understood through a new dynamical theory that analyzes competitive systems on random interaction graphs.
1188h agoA new theory explains excess energy fluctuations in crystals, which cause measured specific heats to exceed Debye's T^3-law, by modifying the standard relation between energy fluctuations and specific heat.
1188h agoGradient descent in feed-forward ReLU networks can be described as a collective dynamics in the training-set space, where weight variables can be eliminated and governed by a collective kernel.
1188h agoPerturbative Contrastive Physical Learning (PCPL) introduces a framework where learning emerges from measurable contrasts between physical states produced by controlled changes, allowing physical systems to learn without external processors or explicit backpropagation.
1188h agoNatural languages are critical, lying near a phase transition point in a parametrized space of stochastic processes, and large language models undergo a phase transition, generating texts with power-law behavior similar to natural languages at the critical point.
1188h agoSystems with strong quenched randomness and average symmetry exhibit critical correlations of local operators in two distinct ways when there is no spontaneous symmetry breaking or intrinsic topological order.
1188h agoLarge nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings have a covariance matrix that matches that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
1188h agoReentrant localization transitions occur in a dimerized quasiperiodic chain of lossy dipolar emitters with all-to-all coupling due to an interplay between chain dimerization and asymmetric quasiperiodic modulation of emitter spacings.
1188h agoGradient-based learning builds slow modes in recurrent circuits by tracking a low-dimensional system that follows outlier eigenvalues of the recurrent weights.
1188h agoA new approach combines the shift-invert mechanism with imaginary time evolution to prepare excited states of large many-body quantum systems.
1188h agoTwisted bilayer graphene's disorder in its twist angle causes the density of states to diverge at the Dirac point when the average twist angle is near the magic angle.
1188h agoThe bulk-boundary decomposition reveals that the training dynamics of deep neural networks can be separated into a data-independent bulk term and a data-dependent boundary term.
1188h agoThe entanglement depth in monitored quantum circuits scales as a power law with system size on both sides of the measurement-induced phase transition.
1188h agoThe Reset-and-Discard method increases the number of unique questions answered by large language models at a given budget, by reducing the number of attempts needed to achieve a desired level of correct answers.
1188h agoLocalized low modes appear at a temperature between 150-160 MeV, within the range where the chiral crossover occurs.
1188h agoIndependent control of interlayer coupling and quantum fluctuations reveals an interlayer-driven transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric Ice-II charge order in Kagome systems.
1188h agoDoped holes disrupt antiferromagnetic order in cuprates by forming localized Zhang-Rice singlets that mediate emergent spin exchange, generating magnetic frustration.
1188h agoPeople with chronic cervical spinal cord injuries have three types of motor units: controllable units that can be easily turned on and off, modulated-tonic units that can be controlled but have trouble turning off, and tonic units that stay active and can't be turned off.
1188h agoRecombinant growth differentiation factor 11 (rGDF11) promotes structural and functional recovery after both hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury in mice.
1188h agoEmotional valence can be reliably decoded using a wearable EEG device in naturalistic contexts, but decoding arousal is less stable and may require new approaches.
1188h agoOscillatory EEG activity during expressive piano performance contains measurable statistical structure associated with emotionally differentiated performance states.
1188h agoThe brain adjusts attention and sensory weights based on the amount of conflict between visual and proprioceptive feedback, and this adjustment is linked to changes in specific brain oscillations.
1188h agoA physics-informed neural network called ANNet learns a single representation to solve two related computations, inverse dynamics and forward dynamics, by mapping movement to a scalar quantity from classical mechanics.
1188h agoChronic stress activates a pathway that increases the recruitment of immune cells to the brain, leading to microglial remodeling, neuronal dysregulation, and anxiety-like behaviors during REM sleep.
1188h agoWGAN-GP model performs stably across different datasets and metrics for generating structural connectivity data, while VAE and DDPM models are more sensitive to data characteristics.
1188h agoNew methods, CAM-ComBat and SIB-ComBat, account for spatial correlations in brain images to correct for non-biological variability across different scanning sites.
1188h agoDecreased heart rate variability increases brain activity in regions that receive autonomic signals, which then activates regions that send autonomic signals, leading to increased heart rate variability, but this feedback loop deteriorates with aging.
1188h agoThe short peptide SKGQA breaks down amyloid-beta through a dynamic process where the substrate helps stabilize an active shape, allowing for multiple site cleavage.
1188h agoBrainana, a new preprocessing framework, enables accurate and reproducible processing of macaque MRI data, integrating structural and functional preprocessing, cortical surface reconstruction, and quality control, and supporting cross-study comparison and multimodal integration.
1188h agoMitochondrial dysfunction in patients with Leigh syndrome and Huntington's disease shows an imbalance between functional and dysfunctional mitochondria that can be rescued by the AMPK activator A769662.
1192h agoA brain pattern that predicts negative emotions during a scan also predicts negative emotions in people's daily lives over several days.
1192h agoA new gene platform called NeuroGuard enables the selective elimination of non-neuronal cells after transplantation, while preserving functional neurons, to improve the safety and predictability of stem cell therapies.
1192h agoSpinal cord morphometry changes across a person's lifespan in a non-linear way, with rapid growth in childhood and adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, and then gradually decreasing, and shows regional variations and sex differences.
1192h agoMovement-contingent pain does not disrupt motor learning and attention in the same way as tonic pain, and people with and without persistent pain show similar improvements in performance and attentional allocation when learning a new motor task while experiencing pain.
1192h agoRepeated exposure to information helps solidify it in the brain.
1196h agoDendrites play a key role in creating flexibility in neural connections.
1196h agoThe hippocampus plays a role in listening.
1196h agoOlfactory receptors are positioned in a stereotyped manner.
1196h agoLapses in attention shifting impair behavior and learning, and a neural signature can predict these lapses, which can be prevented with real-time closed-loop neuromodulation.
1196h agoThe ENIGMA MEG pipeline enables automated analysis of large, multi-site MEG datasets, providing ease of use, automated processing, and quality assurance features for spectral analysis of resting state MEG data.
1196h agoInhibiting the protein PTP1B improves symptoms of Rett syndrome, including muscle weakness, motor deficits, and cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, by normalizing key signaling pathways.
1196h agoThe statistical structure of natural scenes shapes perceptual evidence formation and determines whether near-threshold stimuli are perceived correctly or incorrectly.
1196h agoPeople with cervical spinal cord injuries have different recovery patterns in their upper-limb muscles, with muscle-specific changes in motor unit behavior contributing to greater weakness in elbow extensors than flexors.
1196h agoMuscularis macrophages regulate enteric synaptic organization and gut motility through a complement-dependent mechanism involving C1qa.
1196h agoA forward-model-based predictive state observer adapts its sensory prediction-error correction gain based on innovation history and reaching outcome, and this adaptive gain improves performance in delayed regimes.
1196h agoCreative thought depends on heart rate changes that help regulate the generation of new ideas by balancing exploration of new ideas and exploitation of familiar ones.
1196h agoWorking memory stores and retrieves information through recurrent fast-weight computation, where neural activity writes stimulus information into modifiable synaptic states, and synaptic dynamics organize this information over time.
1196h agoColdness reduces the sensitivity of touch, and this effect is caused by both physical changes and the brain's perception of cold, not just the physical effects on the skin.
1196h agoThe ANCHOR atlas provides a detailed characterization of the human brainstem across the lifespan, including over 200 structures and their features in three age groups: fetus, child, and adult.
1196h agoEmpathy is associated with how people structurally represent social-evaluative facial affects, with higher empathy individuals representing certain affects, such as amusement and contempt, as closer to each other.
1196h agoThe development of hypertension involves an expansion of presympathetic neuronal connections from the hypothalamus and brainstem to the adrenal gland, driven by increased activity of angiotensin II AT1 receptors.
1196h agoEstrogen receptor alpha in the amygdala modulates alcohol-seeking behavior and relapse vulnerability in females with alcohol use disorder.
1196h agoAuditory stimuli cause modest orofacial motion and related neural activity in visual cortex, but visual stimuli do not, and a new method can help separate motor-related activity from visual processing.
1200h agoDifferent thalamo-amygdala pathways in the brain have distinct relationships with state anxiety, with some pathways decreasing and others increasing anxiety.
1200h agoHomophily, or the tendency for similar brain regions to be close together, helps shape the spatial patterning of brain maps across multiple scales.
1200h agoNeural progenitor cells in the human hippocampus decline from gestation to the postnatal period and change their gene activity to become astrocytes.
1200h agoDNA methylation, particularly a unique type called mCH, plays a crucial role in neuron development and disruption of its reader protein MECP2 leads to Rett syndrome.
1200h agoThe neural circuitry for computing the direction of a moving object consists of a hierarchical circuit with distinct cell types that integrate motion signals from component edges into coherent patterns.
1200h agoLanguage and mathematics rely on partially shared neural representations, alongside domain-specific cortical organization.
1200h agoEarly life adversity leads to poorer mental health and faster life history strategies, and this is partly because it fosters short-term mindsets.
1200h agoThe cerebellum's main neurons, called Purkinje cells, changed their structure over 40 million years of evolution in primates, developing multiple primary dendrites that allow for different signaling properties, with humans having the most complex structure.
1200h agoThe sympathetic preganglionic neurons' axons, especially slow-conducting branching fibers, are a critical site of sympathetic gain control and their conduction is highly modifiable by temperature, neurotransmitters, and specific ion channels.
1200h agoInducing sleep-like activity patterns in the cortex of awake mice reproduces core benefits of sleep, including reduced local sleep pressure, renormalized synaptic strength, and memory consolidation.
1204h agoAlzheimer's disease is associated with lower mitochondrial DNA copy number in brain regions, but diabetes changes this association, resulting in higher mitochondrial DNA copy number.
1204h agoCells from the greater epithelial ridge can regenerate into sensory or supporting cells in the inner ear and their ability to do so is controlled by galectin-1 and Myc.
1208h agoDescending and afferent inputs interact in a timing-dependent and spatially non-uniform way to recruit partially distinct motoneuron pools within a muscle, with descending inputs preferentially activating more proximal motoneurons.
1208h agoThe brain's structural modularity supports functional compositionality by allowing complex tasks to be broken down into simpler, reusable components, and a new class of modular network assembly called low-rank gluings makes this process mathematically tractable.
1212h agoEEG foundation models often rely on subject-specific features rather than clinical biomarkers, a problem known as the Identity Trap, which can be diagnosed before fine-tuning.
1212h agoA pose-based machine-learning framework analyzes standard outpatient videos to distinguish hyperkinetic movement disorders by converting them into keypoint time series and computing kinematic descriptors.
1212h agoPopularity feedback reduces cultural diversity and slows innovation in creative processes, causing people to build upon popular ideas and make less disruptive changes.
1212h agoThe Loop Current extension in the Gulf of Mexico can be predicted using a simple model with a small number of delayed observations.
1212h agoA geometry-guided machine learning framework tracks abrupt regime shifts in complex systems by fusing predictive trajectory divergence with macroscopic attractor morphology.
1212h agoApplying a symmetry-breaking phase lag to a subset of oscillators improves synchronization in the second-order Kuramoto model with inertia.
1212h agoNonlinear mean-flow damping leads to persistent organized dynamics, while viscous damping causes diffuse modulation dynamics in higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger models.
1212h agoTheoretical physicist and mathematician Aristophanes Dimakis died on July 8, 2021, at the age of 68 in Athens, Greece.
1212h agoThe deformations of integrable spin chains are obtained through a twist of the underlying quantum group's algebraic structure, resulting in a generally non-associative algebra with a non-trivial Drinfeld associator that encodes long-range interaction terms.
1212h agoUsing more trajectories improves the accuracy of learning social interaction models, but only a small number of additional trajectories is needed to gain most of the benefit.
1212h agoNetwork theory describes quantum coherence in physical systems by introducing persistent currents in signed directed networks, which provides a signature of quantum phase coherence and a direct link to the geometry of the network's cycle space.
1212h agoThe low-energy excitations of the three dimensional spin glass smoothly extrapolate to zero temperature, supporting the Replica-Symmetry Breaking theory and the overlap-equivalence hypothesis.
1212h agoRandomised mixed labyrinth fractals exhibit isotropy, and their arc dimensions, path lengths, and shortest path properties are affected by the mixing of patterns.
1212h agoNeural ordinary differential equations offer a framework for understanding artificial neural networks, connecting continuous-time modeling with discrete, data-driven deep learning.
1212h agoThe introduction of quasiperiodic disorder into a one-dimensional long-range Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model induces a series of topological phase transitions and generates a rich landscape of disorder-induced topological phases.
1212h agoQuantum fluctuations stabilize stored patterns in a new type of quantum network, enhancing its ability to retrieve information compared to a classical network.
1212h agoA machine learning approach using a convolutional neural network model accurately estimates the critical temperature of anisotropic spin systems, with results matching Monte Carlo simulations at a tenth of the computational cost.
1212h agoStructures with adaptable nodes can transform modern engineering by embedding intelligence directly into materials, allowing for trainable physical parameters and neural network-inspired designs.
1212h agoThe proposed model relates the asymmetry of avalanche shapes to entropy production rates, reproducing experimental observations in systems like granular friction.
1212h agoMachine-learned interatomic potentials have improved molecular modelling by balancing simulation scale and accuracy, and now foundational models, trained on large diverse datasets, aim to work well for new systems with minimal updates.
1212h agoClassical adiabatic annealing technique offers marginal improvement in solving combinatorial optimization problems, but does not provide a sufficient practical advantage over simpler methods.
1212h agoModerate synaptic plasticity in a Hopfield-type neural network enlarges the basin of attraction and increases the maximum retrievable memory load, but excessively strong plasticity degrades retrieval performance.
1212h agoMetamaterials with controlled irregularities can have enhanced or novel properties when designed using a framework that combines network theory, geometry, and physics.
1212h agoRegularized universal topological markers successfully eliminate boundary irregularities and consistently give rise to global topological invariants, such as the Chern number, and are equivalent to other known topological indices in two dimensions.
1212h agoThe direction of synaptic plasticity depends on the temporal derivative in synaptic activity, with a positive derivative leading to increased synaptic strength and a negative derivative leading to decreased synaptic strength.
1228h agoThe superficial white matter contains short association fibers that connect neighboring cortical regions, but their organization is complex and not uniform, with U-shaped fiber bundles present in a minority of cases and varying by sulcus and trajectory.
1228h agoThe CA2 region of the brain, specifically the dorsal CA2 (dCA2), contributes to forming associations between events separated by time, and its signaling to the CA1 region helps shape fear responses during learning and recall.
1228h agoThe human thalamus engages in sleep slow oscillations through nucleus-specific interactions that vary with the spatial extent of cortical propagation.
1228h agoThe geometry of the unfolded brain guides the adult folding pattern, with newborn neocortical curvature predicting mature curvature maps, sulcal-gyral fate, and fold orientation.
1228h agoOlder adults' brains show increased connectivity in areas that help with speech comprehension, especially in noisy environments, which helps them understand speech better.
1228h agoThe prefrontal cortex influences working memory by synchronizing neural activity with the visual cortex, where patterns of activity precisely represent the visual contents of memory.
1228h agoOuter hair cells amplify sound-evoked motions near the top of the organ of Corti over a wide frequency range, influencing the stimulation of inner hair cells.
1244h agoA single G protein transducer pathway can distinguish the effects of different neuromodulators, allowing individual neurons to process a richer variety of neuromodulatory inputs.
1248h agoThe neural encoding of speech flexibly adapts to listening context and a composite score of feature weights predicts individual differences in understanding degraded but linguistically accessible speech.
1252h agoAstrocytes can be rapidly generated from human pluripotent stem cells using a genomic safe-harbor knock-in system, enabling the study of astrocyte-neuron interactions.
1252h agoShank3 deletion alters the encoding of social cues in the nucleus accumbens, causing neurons to drive social avoidance instead of social approach.
1252h agoEEG responses to learned visual objects become more similar to responses to their clear photo versions after learning their meaning, showing that brain activity reflects acquired semantic information.
1252h agoGaping responses to tastes are not a fixed reflex, but are driven by multiple aversion judgment systems that depend on experience, context, and brain activity.
1260h agoPhotoacoustic stimulation activates neurons more effectively than photothermal stimulation.
1260h agoPhasic LC activation enhances the encoding of tastant palatability in the primary gustatory cortex, expanding the dynamic range of taste representations along a palatability-relevant axis.
1260h agoWhite matter's R2' relaxation rate shows strong orientation dependence, which is influenced by both myelin and vascular effects, and a new Myelin-Blood model incorporating both factors provides a more accurate characterization.
1260h agoA subset of amyloid-beta aggregates in Alzheimer's disease brain are bound to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein at the edges of some amyloid plaques.
1264h agoThe study of 5238 participants aged 12 to 70 finds that resting state EEG power decreases in all frequency bands in both sexes from ages 12 to 20, then varies by frequency band and sex, with females showing a reversal of this decrease at age 35 in some regions and bands, and males continuing to show decreases in some bands.
1264h agoNavigation operates as a closed-loop process where ongoing movement is updated by sensory prediction errors to transform heading estimates into motor commands to reach a goal.
1264h agoIntrinsic neural activity modulates visuospatial attention by interacting with sensory input in the midbrain, organizing cell activity into structured features that predict behavioral outcomes and enhance visual responses.
1264h agoBrain state fluctuations driven by arousal affect how sensory inputs are processed and decisions are made, and temporal irreversibility in neural activity mediates the relationship between arousal and perceptual sensitivity.
1264h agoBrain activity patterns show age-related neural dedifferentiation, with a distinct inflection point around age 55, where high performers switch from more variable neural activation to reduced spatial differentiation as a compensatory strategy.
1264h agoNeuroCaptain v2 enables interactive, anatomically guided optode design, registration, and cortical sensitivity visualization, reducing cross-subject placement variability by 74% compared to conventional methods.
1264h agoObserving graspable objects during motor imagery increases corticospinal excitability, and this effect is stronger when the object is presented in an immersive virtual environment.
1268h agoSpontaneous neurotransmitter release occurs from only a subset of synaptic release sites and is regulated by the receptor Unc-5, which is essential for the structural integrity and function of synaptic connections.
1268h agoAn adapted olfactory neuromorphic algorithm successfully achieves one-shot online learning for image and sound recognition over sequential gamma cycles.
1268h agoA conserved strategy for gait adaptation is identified through studying the effect of low gravity on locomotion in humans and mice.
1268h agoTau amplification rates in the brain vary by region and person, with patterns of spread linked to specific gene expression programs.
1268h agoExercise-induced sweat can treat depression by suppressing depressive and anxiety-like behaviors.
1268h agoClosed-loop neurofeedback can reconfigure preparatory brain states to reduce pain perception by enhancing pre-stimulus oscillations and reorganizing brain microstates.
1272h agoA new imaging system achieves sensitive, high-speed tracking of neural activity across multiple brain regions and animals using genetically encoded voltage indicators.
1272h agoPsychedelic insights are rated higher in intensity, meaning, and belief change than everyday insights and laboratory-based insights, and perceived meaning is the strongest predictor of belief change across naturalistic contexts.
1272h agoThe auditory brainstem response and middle latency response complex differs between speech and click stimuli, with speech stimuli eliciting an early cortical peak not seen with clicks.
1276h agoLearning operates across brain circuits through shared signatures, including modulation of reward-controlling neurons, network-level sparsification, and greater exploration of reward-related activity patterns, but is implemented through distinct mechanisms shaped by local network architecture.
1276h agoDisrupting the Clock gene in dopamine neurons leads to changes that contribute to bipolar disorder-like behaviors.
1276h agoThe human medial temporal lobe encodes compositions of items, such as letter pairs, through a separate set of neurons that are distinct from those that encode individual items, like single letters.
1276h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have different neural dynamics for rightward spatial attention, showing oscillatory modulation without sensory gain, unlike typical-developing individuals.
1276h agoThe amygdala's cellular composition and gene expression signatures determine its functional organization, with developmental origin influencing the positioning of cell types within its subnuclei.
1276h agoHippocampal circuits construct cognitive maps by using Bayesian perceptual learning to infer location from noisy sensory inputs.
1276h agoLearned cue value, reward proximity, cue location, and lick-related behavior are encoded in distinct regions and time windows of the striatum through a combination of afferent input and local transformations.
1276h agoLoss of cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the cortex, combined with dopamine loss in the striatum, increases vulnerability to falls in Parkinson's Disease.
1280h agoPerceived authenticity of facial expressions predicts agreement between participants' top-rated emotions and target emotions, and people's ratings group emotions into clusters that don't always match traditional emotion categories.
1280h agoNeurons active during one behavior can modulate themselves into a state that drives the next behavior, through a process called self-priming, where activity during the first behavior generates the internal drive for the next.
1280h agoHippocampal circuits organize reward consumption into distinct phases with specific oscillatory activity, and state-dependent coordination of hippocampal reward ensembles during spatial working memory.
1280h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex has a laminar architecture for decision-making, with different layers processing different decision variables and interacting through feed-forward and feed-back signals.
1280h agoThe brain's functional organization is best described as a distribution over multiple, co-dominant configurations, rather than a single, fixed structure.
1280h agoNeuromorphic disturbance observer and control framework achieves robustness and adaptability in uncertain environments through sparse, event-driven spike-based information processing.
1284h agoA new method using local language models reveals structured disagreement in the study of predictive coding neuroscience, particularly across different experimental contexts.
1284h agoA new framework that links gene expression to cortical degeneration accurately predicts regional neurodegenerative vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease and reveals structured transcriptomic organization associated with disease susceptibility.
1284h agoThe brain activity of people with early psychosis shows a reorganization of collective dynamics within a preserved scaling regime, rather than a simple loss of critical-like dynamics.
1284h agoConsciousness, if it is computationally constituted, depends on physically realised computational structures that a system has inherently, rather than on labels imposed by an external interpreter.
1284h agoAugmenting small fMRI datasets with synthetic data generated by a pretrained model improves brain decoding, with up to 68% increase in image-retrieval accuracy.
1284h agoA single underlying system controls responses to different types of disruptions in sensorimotor synchronization, but it is adjusted based on the context of time.
1284h agoThe human brain remaps object representations in different contexts, representing objects as action targets or passive scene elements through distinct neural networks and organizational dimensions.
1284h agoThe generalized Allee-logistic map model exhibits nontrivial phenomena, including tricriticality and a universal crossover function, and shows that the Allee effect disfavors the onset of chaos.
1284h agoA new technique reveals the underlying mechanisms behind extreme events in chaotic systems and uses them to build forecasts and controllers that can predict and prevent these events.
1284h agoEmpirical entropy rates converge to zero in infinite-measure weak-chaos regime for one-dimensional intermittent maps, but a two-term estimate including self-information and logarithmic factors can describe the ensemble mean decay.
1284h agoIncorporating higher-order interactions into multilayer networks requires a higher coupling strength for synchronization transitions, and the dynamics of the layers affect the onset of synchronization.
1284h agoBuoyancy-driven turbulence can emerge via a subcritical route, with a clear subcritical transition to turbulence observed in Rayleigh-Bénard convection within a narrow range of Rayleigh numbers.
1284h agoUsing control variates constructed from distribution approximation and density ratio effectively reduces estimation variance for bimodal distributions.
1284h agoNetwork model selection helps understand complex networks by finding the best model to explain a given network.
1284h agoParticle motion across quasicrystalline surfaces under time-periodic forcing becomes locked in certain directions, with mean direction and speed determined by hidden periodic potentials.
1284h agoA C-type renormalisation two-cycle exists, helping establish the universality of the C-type route to chaos in families of non-invertible maps of the plane.
1284h agoAn explicit equivariant quantum Satake map for Grassmannians expresses their torus-equivariant quantum cohomology in terms of that of projective space.
1284h agoSymmetry breaking and quantum irreversibility arise from stochastic Ito field reversal within a cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, yielding a universal asymmetry-coupling parameter of 2/3.
1284h agoHigher-order interactions in complex systems can be misleadingly equated with groups, but a new typology classifies models of group interactions based on two perspectives: collective action among individuals and institutional facts that define group dynamics.
1284h agoThe Kuramoto model's d-dimensional generalization shows that oscillators on a (d-1)-sphere interact through a matrix-weighted network, requiring identical frequency matrices and a coherence condition on the network structure for global synchronization.
1284h agoStationary-density-preserving nonreversible perturbations of Fokker--Planck dynamics can be formulated as gauge fields that modify relaxation spectra while keeping the invariant state fixed.
1284h agoThe two-dimensional Hubbard model shows two distinct dynamical behaviors in its approach to thermalization, with ergodic relaxation occurring at weak to intermediate interactions and thermalization breaking at stronger interactions.
1284h agoEngineers improve the uniformity of memristor devices by adjusting the composition of the Ge-Te solid electrolyte, allowing for the creation of a working 16x16 crossbar array and a 4x4 Hopfield associative network that can learn and recall binary patterns.
1284h agoPre-training on a data-abundant task impacts low-rank adaptation in attention models through an effective noise term that determines optimal pre-training procedures.
1284h agoQuasiperiodic modulation in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model induces a non-Hermitian topological Anderson insulator phase and drives a cascade of localization transitions in bulk eigenstates.
1284h agoNeural scaling laws for quadratic and diagonal neural networks show a detailed phase diagram of scaling exponents of excess risk based on sample complexity and weight decay.
1284h agoA minimal binary model explains how superionic conductors exhibit sublattice melting and fast ion transport through interactions between a rigid host lattice and a soft carrier sublattice.
1284h agoMulti-head attention in transformer models enables them to represent multiple attention patterns simultaneously, with some heads specializing in distinct patterns during training while others remain redundant.
1284h agoThe Mpemba effect, where a system farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than a closer one, occurs in many-body systems near equilibrium due to specific properties of the relaxation operator, particularly when systems lack reciprocity and exhibit non-normality.
1284h agoThe multiple-quantum operator algebra space is the central place where fundamental resources are exploited to speed up quantum computing and simulating.
1284h agoPeople with post-COVID cognitive complaints have more depression and anxiety and are more likely to have biological risk markers for dementia, but they do not have measurable neuropsychological deficits.
1284h agoThe DMD-PhoxID method maps protein-protein interactions within specific areas of brain tissue.
1284h agoDepression severity is associated with rigid self-conscious emotion schemas and unstable anger representations during face generation.
1284h agoChronic treatment with TPPU preserves cognitive function in diabetes-related Alzheimer's disease by improving blood flow in the brain, reducing inflammation, and protecting brain cells.
1288h agoHypercapnia increases blood flow in most brain areas, but has little to no effect or even decreases blood flow in deep white matter, with 10 of 25 participants showing negative responses.
1288h agoChanges in alpha power and brain network dynamics are the strongest correlates of motor improvement after stroke, explaining over 78% of the variance in motor recovery.
1288h agoA refined microsurgical technique for lumbar intrathecal catheterization in rats ensures distribution of drugs to the brain and allows for supraspinal pharmacodynamic target engagement.
1288h agoThe precision of spatial working memory is associated with the size of retinotopically organized maps in the brain, with larger maps linked to better memory.
1288h agoA new imaging and analysis pipeline called CuMIN identifies distinct cellular signatures of pain in spinal cord slices, revealing that post-traumatic osteoarthritis chronic pain model shares similar characteristics with neuropathic pain models.
1288h agoThe brain's response to dynamic facial expressions is mainly driven by the identity of the person being perceived, more so than the action or emotional valence of the expression.
1288h agoThe HD10.6 cell line progressively matures into functional sensory neurons over 28 days, gaining properties and pathways that make it suitable for studying pain mechanisms and axon degeneration.
1288h agoAn adaptive Bayesian method accurately localizes cortical motor representations with fewer stimuli by optimizing electric field information and updating probability distributions after each motor response.
1288h agoEtOH-induced suppression of DLS astrocyte activity contributes to stimulation, and astrocytes play a key role in EtOH-induced stimulation and voluntary EtOH drinking behavior.
1288h agoAbnormal myelin in oligodendrocytes causes learning deficits and myelin problems in Costello Syndrome, which can be improved by controlling nitric oxide signaling.
1288h agoObject representations in the prefrontal cortex are compressed into a low-dimensional manifold, occupying only 3-6 effective dimensions during encoding and maintenance in working memory.
1288h agoSleep after noise overexposure contributes to the development of tinnitus, and restricting sleep during the initial hours after exposure may reduce the risk of tinnitus.
1288h agoAndrogens regulate intestinal transit by acting on specific neurons in the gut, and a bacterial enzyme in the gut helps to reactivate these hormones to control gut movement.
1292h agoThe Dorsal Vagal Complex (DVC) in the brainstem plays a key role in processing sensory information from the gut and regulating sympathetic functions. Wait, let me rephrase. A protocol exists for targeting the Dorsal Vagal Complex (DVC) in mice brains to study its cells and connections. Let me try again. The Dorsal Vagal Complex (DVC) in the brainstem processes sensory information from the gut and regulates sympathetic functions, and a new protocol allows substances to be administered into the DVC of mice. Final: The Dorsal Vagal Complex (DVC) in the brainstem processes sensory information from the gut and regulates sympathetic functions, and a protocol allows substances to be administered into the DVC of mice.
1292h agoA single neural circuit can exhibit different dynamics across trials by gradually deforming its flow field through continuous internal-state variables, such as arousal or engagement.
1296h agoChanges in brain function with age include slowing of the Alpha peak frequency and non-linear changes in Beta power, with longitudinal data revealing effects that are not apparent in cross-sectional data.
1296h agoPerceptual estimates are updated according to the reliability of successive stimuli, with more reliable previous stimuli enhancing and more reliable current stimuli reducing the effect on subsequent perceptions.
1296h agoScientists use an optogenetic approach with zebrafish to study muscle weakness and neuromuscular junction function, which helps identify new genes associated with congenital myasthenic syndromes.
1296h agoCholinergic and noradrenergic systems are linked to negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in psychosis, suggesting these systems as potential targets for treatment.
1296h agoSimultaneous whole-brain imaging of intracellular calcium activity and extracellular dopamine release during locomotion reveals distinct functional maps and neural dynamics for dopamine and calcium across the brain and within specific compartments.
1296h agoDeficits in axonal transport arise at early stages of tau pathology and are caused by enlarged tau envelopes, but can be reversed by inhibiting MAPK p38α.
1300h agoSustained practice progressively reconfigures whole-brain states to enable skill internalization and generalization by inducing nonlinear transitions in brain networks, starting from perceptual systems and cascading to action and default networks.
1300h agoDeep ensemble methods reduce decoding errors in speech brain-computer interfaces, resulting in a 7.7% decrease in word error rate in a large-vocabulary task.
1300h agoTheta oscillations coordinate neural activity within and between frontal areas by flexibly organizing spiking activity, higher-frequency oscillations, and cross-frequency interactions.
1300h agoTheta phase coupling coordinates neural activity across distinct networks during speech production, while theta-gamma coupling modulates local computations within key language processing areas.
1300h agoMost dopamine neurons in young macaques contain multiple transmitters, indicating a role for fast synaptic transmission alongside dopaminergic transmission.
1300h agoThe brain encodes expected information gain in the left sensorimotor cortex during goal-directed learning, specifically in dorsal premotor and primary motor cortex, and broadcasts it to primary somatosensory cortex.
1300h agoWearable optically pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) and conventional cryogenic SQUID-MEG systems yield equivalent neurophysiological conclusions, localizing the same cortical generators and supporting similar biological interpretations.
1300h agoLysosomal storage pathology in the auditory thalamocortical circuit causes age-dependent and sex-divergent auditory neurophysiological deficits in a mouse model of CLN3 disease.
1300h agoPair bonding experiences change neural activity in response to a partner's song in specific brain areas, and dopamine plays a role in this process.
1300h agoDisruptions in key neural networks, including corticostriatal, corticolimbic, and executive control networks, relate to psychopathology domains and predict future psychosocial functioning in adolescents.
1300h agoTinnitus is linked to distinct changes in auditory processing, with young adults showing enhanced neural responses and better vowel discrimination, and middle-aged adults showing degraded sensorineural encoding and reduced speech intelligibility.
1304h agoBrain foundation models, pretrained on fMRI data, predict cognitive performance worse than a simple linear regression model, and a new linear pipeline can outperform them by preserving the co-skewness of the fMRI signal.
1308h agoConsciousness reduces the informational entropy of possible future outcomes by internally simulating alternative futures and acting towards preferred states.
1308h agoStructural connections in the brain map onto tau propagation pathways in Alzheimer's disease, and a new framework called SC-TauPath can predict tau distribution and create pathway maps consistent with established Braak staging anatomy.
1308h agoChaotic brain networks sustain stable coding by inducing local roughness while preserving global smoothness across sensory stimuli, which enhances generalization and maintains expressivity.
1308h agoFixed points of recurrent neural networks store and generate information, and a neural Langevin machine uses these points to learn from real datasets and produce new images.
1308h agoEnergy-based models can be extended to asymmetric neural systems, revealing a game-theoretic structure where each neuron seeks to minimize its own energy.
1308h agoCognitive dynamics emerge as a collective phenomenon governed by the organization of adaptive time scales, producing a protected regime characterized by long-time contextual persistence and coherent collective dynamics.
1308h agoSubclinical anxiety has distinct brain connections for its behavioural, physiological, and subjective components.
1308h agoNeural systems attain criticality because it allows them to maximize information encoding under resource constraints.
1308h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric connectivity can faithfully represent complex, nonlinear stochastic systems and implement a broad class of dynamical computations within low-dimensional manifolds.
1308h agoCurrent AI systems create an illusion of choice, weakening people's ability to make genuine decisions, and this problem disproportionately affects disadvantaged populations.
1308h agoThe integrable Fokas-Lenells equation is gauge equivalent to an associated spin equation, and its geometrical equivalence is shown with a generalized spin system on a moving space curve in 3D space.
1308h agoThe KP equation's real and regular soliton solutions are classified by the totally nonnegative Grassmannian and their combinations through vertex operators can be parametrized by Go-diagrams.
1308h agoThe second-order phase reduction model reveals new dynamical states, including bistability of synchronous states and three-cluster states, and provides a more accurate description of an ensemble of Stuart-Landau oscillators than the standard first-order phase approximation.
1308h agoHigher-order phase coupling functions in oscillator models can be selected using rules based on the symmetry of the isolated oscillator velocity field and the interaction functions.
1308h agoApplying Hirota's bilinear method, novel solutions of the Ablowitz-Ladik system emerge when the Hirota parameter associated with the discrete eigenvalue is chosen outside a specific range, including singular solutions and time-periodic solutions that remain regular on the lattice.
1308h agoCoarse-graining procedures provide a rigorous approximation of equivariant families for sequential systems with memory loss, and the linear response of reduced finite-state Markov models converges to the projected linear response of the original system.
1308h agoPhysical systems improve search efficiency by generating structured correlations that match temporal exploration to spatial updates, allowing for more effective conversion of feedback into evidence.
1308h agoThe developed exponential time differencing schemes satisfy a discrete maximum-bound principle and unconditional energy stability for a phase-field model of multicomponent membranes.
1308h agoHaantjes operators with vanishing Haantjes torsion have a complete local description, and can be split under certain conditions, with additional understanding of cases with complex eigenvalues.
1308h agoThe Koopman and Perron-Frobenius operators can be efficiently computed using a novel approach that relies on exponentials of infinitesimal generators and depends on the Lie bracket of the vector field and perturbation vector field.
1308h agoThe enveloping $f$-function of the fluctuation term increases with entropy in two-dimensional systems.
1308h agoQuantum localization encodes the hierarchical stickiness that governs transport in mixed classical phase spaces, as shown by the participation ratio of coherent states in the Floquet eigenbasis.
1308h agoOptimization under realistic constraints shapes network architecture, and reveals that typical network features emerge from this process, rather than needing to be explicitly imposed.
1308h agoStronger local risk perception enhances pro-vaccination opinions and suppresses infection, while dominant peer influence can increase long-term infection levels.
1308h agoA Hebbian network can extract hidden structure and generalize beyond its training data when its interactions are based on noisy versions of underlying truth vectors.
1308h agoThe analysis using finite-basis duality and a toroidal basis estimates the critical point of the surface code under spatially correlated bit-flip noise to be $p_c = 0.10348$.
1308h agoCompression of silica glass leads to a low-to-high-density transition, characterized by critical percolation transitions of clusters with increasing coordination number.
1308h agoAnderson localization of light occurs in three-dimensional disordered systems, as demonstrated by an experiment with microwaves in metal aggregates.
1308h agoThe asymptotic ratio between storage capacities of real and complex pre-activations in a hypothesis class is found using Gardner volume comparisons and the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber formula.
1308h agoChaotic brain networks sustain stable coding by inducing local roughness while preserving global smoothness across sensory stimuli, which enhances generalization and maintains expressivity.
1308h agoThe average minimal Hamming distance of a set of unique bitstrings reveals a universal power-law behaviour that captures the complexity of quantum states and identifies quantum phase transitions from limited quantum information.
1308h agoSmall changes in the structure of disordered materials can cause big jumps in their electrical resistance, especially when the changes occur near the source or sink of the electrical current.
1308h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric connectivity can faithfully represent complex, nonlinear stochastic systems and implement a broad class of dynamical computations within low-dimensional manifolds.
1308h agoFixed points of recurrent neural networks store and generate information, and a neural Langevin machine uses these points to learn from real datasets and produce new images.
1308h agoNeural Quantum States accurately simulate the square-lattice Hubbard model, revealing features of a doped Mott insulator, including antiferromagnetic correlations and suppressed density fluctuations.
1308h agoEnergy-based models can be extended to asymmetric neural systems, revealing a game-theoretic structure where each neuron seeks to minimize its own energy.
1308h agoA basis transformation that uses a single learnable locality parameter enhances the accuracy of neural-network variational Monte Carlo by making the target ground state easier to represent.
1308h agoMonocytes play a crucial role in the neuroprotective effects of MSC-EVs in ischemic stroke by regulating immune responses and preventing neutrophil and T cell overactivation.
1308h agoConsciousness depends on how different brain regions interact with each other in a complex way, with changes in these interactions reflecting changes in consciousness.
1308h agoThe retrosplenial cortex encodes the distance to a goal and represents spatial information in a way that is biased towards the goal during navigation.
1308h agoA new statistical framework called the Incomplete Observation Linear Mixed-Effect Model (IOLMM) maps human brain function across the whole brain by combining fragmented observations from intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings.
1312h agoThe brain uses a set of around 45 recurring states to process different experiences while watching a story, and this set of states is a stable property of each individual.
1312h agoKetamine's metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine produces antidepressant effects by strengthening brain signals and reversing stress-induced behavioral problems through opioid receptor signaling in astrocytes.
1312h agoThe brain encodes sensory information through a dynamic integration of rate and temporal coding, characterized by distinct, temporally coordinated "brackets" that organize neural activity.
1312h agoTau pathology disrupts sleep by impairing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in the brain, which causes sleep architecture and homeostasis impairments.
1316h agoShort-T1 fraction measurements correlate with myelin content in white matter, indicating their potential as a biomarker for myelin integrity.
1316h agoA combination of synaptic plasticity mechanisms allows for a stable continuum of synaptic strengths, enabling a flexible and tunable structure of neuronal assemblies in the brain.
1316h agoGamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) enhances low-frequency blood flow oscillations by 38% during stimulation and by 30% after stimulation.
1316h agoThe human motor system adapts to force constraints by reorganizing variability across scales, combining temporal persistence with local flexibility, rather than suppressing variability.
1316h agoSleep deprivation changes how brain cells communicate, causing some signals to become excitatory instead of inhibitory, but neurons adapt by limiting their own excitability, which helps maintain network stability.
1316h agoSchizophrenia disrupts synapse functions through changes in protein composition and regulatory mechanisms, including altered phosphorylation and synaptic signaling pathways.
1316h agoEarly-life unpredictability causes long-lasting changes in decision-making by amplifying the subjective experience of uncertainty.
1316h agoSelective attention to a sound stream relies on different neural mechanisms depending on whether the stream is separated from competing sounds in azimuth or elevation.
1316h agoThe release of acetylcholine in the cortex reflects both the animal's arousal state and sensory processing, with sound stimuli evoking rapid and widespread cholinergic modulation that is partly explained by arousal and movement.
1316h agoCentral auditory decline precedes peripheral cochlear and neural loss in age-related hearing loss.
1316h agoSlow oscillations in the brain allow interictal epileptiform spikes to cluster in specific areas, and pre-onset brain activity predicts when these spikes are more likely to occur.
1316h agoMutations in LRRK2 cause Parkinson's disease by activating the enzyme through distinct mechanisms, and the enzyme's activity is controlled by its switching between active and inactive states.
1320h agoKetamine's metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine works as an antidepressant by targeting opioid receptors on astrocytes, which restores normal astrocyte function and helps relieve depression.
1320h agoSchizophrenia's molecular mechanisms involve widespread disruptions in protein state, affecting pathways such as neuronal migration, synaptic function, and lipid metabolism, which occur independently of changes in gene expression.
1320h agoHoneybees and bumblebees use polarisation patterns in skylight to navigate, with their eye anatomy influencing the accuracy of their sun direction estimates.
1320h agoPAD2 causes abnormal protein changes that contribute to motor neuron degeneration and neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
1320h agoExtracellular particles are organized into distinct populations within native sensory tissues, differing in morphology, size, and distribution, and their biogenesis and accumulation are linked to sensory signaling and degeneration.
1320h agoLipidated ApoE complexes, which are rich in anionic lipids and cholesterol, are a core component of Alzheimer's disease plaques and may facilitate the aggregation of amyloid beta.
1320h agoTau aggregates form faster at the pre-synapse through replication, driven by inflammation, leading to Alzheimer's disease.
1320h agoCombining single-cell sequencing and morphogen screening maps how signaling cues shape cell identity in mid-hindbrain organoids and identifies conditions that generate novel posterior brain neuron types.
1324h agoPopulation-level geometry enables one emotional state-related variable to be read out cleanly from amygdala neurons without interference, even though single neurons encode multiple variables.
1324h agoVagus nerve stimulation reduces pain and negative affect through a brainstem pathway that transforms pain signals and regulates pain-related dopamine responses.
1324h agoMetaSTAARlite offers a scalable pipeline for powerful, functionally informed rare-variant meta-analysis of large sequencing data.
1324h agoLoss of the D5Ertd579e gene selectively alters neurodevelopment, impacting neural systems involved in social and motivational processing, and may contribute to autism spectrum disorder.
1324h agoThe brain resolves the tradeoff between exploiting familiar rewards and exploring novel opportunities through a process where the frontopolar cortex initiates exploration, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex shift to exploration later, and then evaluate outcomes to guide future actions.
1324h agoPeople with autism have altered patterns of movement synchrony during social interactions, characterized by a flatter and less adaptive synchrony trajectory over time, rather than simply having reduced synchrony.
1324h agoThe habenula shows a shared molecular signature across mood disorders, with 378 genes differently expressed in people with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
1324h agoChanges in white matter microstructure during the first year of formal schooling predict individual differences in math performance, and a link between microstructural changes and math learning is found but not for reading.
1324h agoDown syndrome brain cells fail to activate a program to become neurons because of a repressive chromatin structure, leading to reduced neurogenesis and increased cell proliferation.
1324h agoBrain volume in many regions shows consistent directional asymmetry that relates to a wide range of human behaviors, especially in the frontal and temporal cortices.
1324h agoThe new genetically encoded voltage indicator VADER1 enables reliable detection of neuronal spikes in vivo under two-photon excitation, allowing for deep-tissue imaging and combination with other neural signals.
1324h agoSocial isolation during adolescence changes the hippocampal epigenome and transcriptome, leading to selective remodeling of hippocampal circuits and divergent responses in neuronal and glial populations.
1328h agoFetuses later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder have reduced whole-brain inner cortical plate surface area compared to typically developing fetuses, with an estimated 7.7% reduction.
1328h agoFLOWR, a generative model, generates ligands up to 70-fold faster than existing methods while improving physical validity and interaction accuracy.
1328h agoThe Open Materials 2024 dataset provides a large-scale collection of quantum-chemical atomistic simulations that makes machine-learning interatomic potentials more robust across different materials prediction tasks.
1328h agoThe Open Materials 2024 (OMat24) dataset, which contains over 110 million diverse density functional theory calculations, enables AI models to achieve high accuracy and eliminate systematic biases.
1328h agoMaltreatment in childhood disrupts neural circuits in males, leading to social avoidance in adulthood, and targeting the anterior insula can reduce this social avoidance.
1328h agoAuditory cortex neurons adapt to repeated sounds by changing their tuning to the intervals between sounds, but maintain a stable window for detecting regular sound patterns.
1328h agoThe auditory cortex uses efficient coding to precisely represent time intervals in complex sound sequences, adapting to the mean and variance of sound durations.
1328h agoCocaine use worsens Long-COVID-like outcomes in rats, leading to reduced weight gain, increased pain sensitivity, a proinflammatory state, and changes in behavior.
1328h agoTargeting specific axonal guidance pathways increases dopamine neuron innervation of the host striatum and promotes motor recovery in Parkinson's disease models.
1328h agoMen's advantage in spatial cognition is larger in nations with fewer stressors, but women's advantage in emotion recognition remains constant across nations.
1332h agoBEAST3D, a self-supervised pretraining framework, learns 3D visual representations from unlabeled multi-view video and reconstructs 3D structure with as few as four views, producing rich features that transfer effectively to downstream tasks.
1332h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity helps preserve goal information in the brain's prefrontal cortex, allowing for robust goal-directed action selection even under noisy conditions.
1332h agoChildren's internalized representations of attachment drive interbrain synchrony during remote cooperation, with their belief about their mother's presence enhancing synchrony between their and their partner's brain activity.
1332h agoA new approach using isotropic and anisotropic shapes can help create more intelligible images on the retina, improving visual acuity in artificially-restored vision.
1332h agoThis paper proposes a formal definition of Machine Theory of Mind based on evidence from cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence.
1332h agoDeep learning models, specifically Vision Transformers, learn to exhibit binding information, which is the ability to associate features with the correct objects, but their performance varies depending on the scene complexity and architecture components.
1332h agoThe Factored Recurrent Neural Network (FacRNN) model assumes group-wise independence among latent dynamics, allowing low-dimensional neural population activity to evolve separately in distinct groups.
1332h agoIsomorphic world models, which preserve sensory topology, enable physical prediction, offline task learning, and body-linked representation through action-conditional prediction within a spatial map.
1332h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is quantified as a ratio of system size to connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, which coincides with the critical regime.
1332h agoThe kinetic energy of neural activity in random recurrent neural networks shifts from zero to a positive value at a critical coupling variance, exhibiting a cubic scaling behavior near this point.
1332h agoTemporal matrix scale invariance helps understand tipping points in multivariate systems, revealing a decoupling of two independent exponents that determines whether a tipping point is simple or multicritical.
1332h agoA structure-preserving splitting integrator is developed for 3D dissipative bi-Hamiltonian/Nambu systems, preserving Hamiltonians in several systems.
1332h agoThe study examines a heat transfer equation in one, two, and three spatial dimensions and finds symmetry algebras, recursion operators, and exact solutions.
1332h agoA novel algorithm called A** improves pathfinding in dynamic environments with moving obstacles and limited sensing by combining precomputed paths with real-time adaptation.
1332h agoCommunication can evolve to help an individual regulate its own behavior, not just transfer information to others, and three main strategies emerge: safety calling, alarm indication, and self-regulatory calling.
1332h agoThe solution to the Benjamin-Ono equation decays at a rate exceeding self-similar solutions as time approaches infinity, with an explicit universal profile that relates to the linearization of the profile equation.
1332h agoThouless pumping of matter-wave solitons emerges at intermediate interactions and high modulation frequencies in a periodically modulated lattice, exhibiting nonadiabatic quantized pumping.
1332h agoA certain level of cooperation is maintained in a group-structured population due to specific between-group dynamics, even when within-group evolution leads to a complete loss of cooperation.
1332h agoThe probabilistic cellular automaton, defined by two Bernoulli random variables, asymptotically reaches any possible global configuration with a probability distribution that is independent of initial conditions.
1332h agoTwo integrable systems are constructed in a 2 + 1-dimensional space, each involving two evolutions with negative numbers.
1332h agoMHD turbulence simulations reveal patches with mixed velocity and magnetic field alignments below a certain scale, with specific scaling patterns for different alignments.
1332h agoSupersymmetry algebras are used to construct constant Yang-Baxter solutions, which can be turned into spectral parameter dependent R-matrices that help build integrable models in all dimensions of the local Hilbert space.
1332h agoThe kinetic energy of neural activity in random recurrent neural networks shifts from zero to a positive value at a critical coupling variance, exhibiting a cubic scaling behavior near this point.
1332h agoHigher-order spacing statistics in superposed spectra of circular random matrices tend to Poisson statistics as the number of superposed spectra increases, and a unique sequence of modified Dyson index can characterize a system's symmetry structure.
1332h agoGuichard's transformations for generating sequences of Voss surfaces are identified with recursion operators for symmetries of the sine-Gordon equation, allowing derivation of sequence lengths and expansion of obtainable Voss surfaces.
1332h agoThe approach constructs three-dimensional lattice models using line defects in state integral models on shaped triangulations of 3-manifolds with integrable Boltzmann weights.
1332h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is quantified as a ratio of system size to connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, which coincides with the critical regime.
1332h agoStudying autoencoder and variational-autoencoder latent spaces through spin-glass theory reveals that driving the latent system to the edge-of-stability improves generation and anomaly detection performance.
1332h agoNeural networks can predict the natural parameter $\kappa$ of Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE$_\kappa$) theory.
1332h agoNetwork theory combined with geometry and physics enables designing metamaterials with controlled irregularities that can have enhanced or novel properties.
1332h agoDisorder drives a clean-limit quantum spin Hall state into a quantum anomalous Hall phase, known as a topological Anderson Chern insulator, and creates a comprehensive phase diagram with multiple disorder-induced phases.
1332h agoThe complexity of physical problems can be characterized by scaling laws, where the accuracy of neural-network quantum states improves with compute according to a power law that reflects the representational difficulty of the problem.
1332h agoThe boson peak emerges in the spectral density of structural glasses modeled with static density-fluctuation fields and multiplicative quenched disorder.
1332h agoThe relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional random site Coulomb glass model are influenced by material density, disorder in onsite energies, and localization length, with increased disorder and decreased density leading to slower relaxation.
1332h agoHierarchical crack patterns can be classified by turning them into a directed acyclic graph and using topological sorting.
1332h agoChain-of-thought reasoning in large language models improves generalization in a specific way depending on the depth of reasoning, pretraining data amount, and context length.
1332h agoThe critical exponents $a$, $b$, $c$ governing the matching region of the fullRSB profile near the jamming transition satisfy the relation $a+b=1$.
1332h agoAlternating a quantum search primitive with the Grover diffusion operator produces a Grover-type amplification peak that helps select a finite resonance band of target energies in disordered magnets.
1332h agoScientists introduce q-state spin models, a family of maximum entropy models that capture high-order interactions in discrete data, generalizing existing models to include long-range and arbitrary interactions.
1332h agoEquilibrium Propagation trains predictive coding networks to achieve a 13.23% test error rate on the top-5 ImageNet classification task, comparable to backpropagation.
1332h agoThe multiple-quantum operator algebra space is the central place where quantum-computing-speedup resources are exploited to speed up quantum computing and simulating.
1332h agoTilt controls the transport properties of 2D Dirac fermions, leading to rich and unconventional behaviors, including a tilt-driven localization-delocalization transition and differing localization tendencies in real and Hilbert spaces.
1332h agoOrganic mixed conductors exhibit unique dynamics that span multiple scales, featuring a coupling between electronic, ionic, and mass transport that distinguishes them from traditional semiconductors.
1332h agoChemically distinct glass-forming liquids share universal features in their dynamics, and a simple model called Randium reproduces these features through basic nearest-neighbor rearrangements.
1332h agoIncreasing disorder strength in a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain can split the nontrivial topological regime into multiple disconnected windows.
1332h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is quantified as a ratio of system size to connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, which coincides with the critical regime.
1332h agoGPR75 is broadly expressed throughout the brain, mainly localized to the cytoplasm of brain neurons, and its expression can now be studied using a new GPR75-GFP-Ires-Cre knockin mouse strain.
1336h agoSynaptic pruning preserves low-dimensional dynamics and task performance in neural networks when it includes synaptic rescaling and occurs in networks with a low-rank structure.
1336h agoHumans control eye movements to minimize task-related uncertainty, building an internal model that guides hand movements, and this process results in characteristic eye movement patterns that adapt to the information context.
1336h agoHealthy ageing leads to selective changes in the brain's white matter, particularly in areas that play a key role in integrating information, causing less-than-random disruption of network communication.
1336h agoAlzheimer's disease affects certain types of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons differently, with some populations showing early and progressive susceptibility and others demonstrating relative preservation.
1336h agoThalamus-targeted temporal interference stimulation increases spindle density during non-rapid eye movement sleep by using a 5Hz envelope that resonates with thalamocortical relay neurons.
1336h agoInhibiting KRAS/RAS signaling enhances the response to radiation in glioblastoma cells by suppressing adaptive signaling and promoting persistent DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe.
1336h agoKetamine/dexmedetomidine anesthesia promotes greater cerebrospinal fluid influx in the brain than isoflurane anesthesia.
1336h agoCombining FastSurfer with a hybrid masking strategy enables stable cortical reconstruction within the Human Connectome Project pipeline under standard-resolution conditions.
1336h agoThe human brain's functional and structural connections diverge with age, with functional dynamics becoming less constrained by structural connections, particularly in subcortical areas.
1336h agoVoxel-wise model selection provides more accurate estimates of Ktrans values, especially in pathological tissue, than a single model, such as the Patlak model.
1336h agoChanges in myelin sheath genes and structure drive pathological cold pain in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, with decreased expression of myelin-related genes and degraded myelin sheaths contributing to persistent cold hypersensitivity.
1336h agoRemoving transplanted stem cells with a safety switch system impairs functional recovery after a stroke.
1336h agoOlder adults have impaired ability to switch between different ways of responding to stimuli, which is linked to reduced brain arousal and flexibility.
1336h agoExposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos during development disrupts the maturation of neural circuits, leading to abnormal connectivity and behaviors.
1336h agoAndrogen depletion increases effort cost sensitivity and alters mesoaccumbal circuit function, leading to changes in motivation and goal-directed behavior.
1336h agoNew head holders made from 3D-printed zirconia ceramics enable stable and artifact-free combination of high-resolution optical microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in the same animal.
1336h agoCategory-selective units in artificial neural networks do not match the stable and shared form of selectivity observed in the human brain.
1336h agoFreely chosen goals lead to slower responses and lower goal-switching costs than instructed goals because they converge on less extreme fixed points in the brain.
1336h agoParkinson's disease causes changes in the primary motor cortex, including reduced activity of certain neurons, which impairs skilled movement as dopamine-producing neurons degenerate.
1340h agoAcoustic stimulation during or shortly after sleep spindles affects spindle activity and improves motor memory consolidation by eliciting cortical activity, even in the absence of new spindles.
1340h agoAndrogens signal to specific enteric neurons to stimulate gut motility through bacterial metabolism of host-derived steroids.
1348h agoAntidepressant use changes emotional memory circuitry in the brain, with different types of antidepressants and treatment responses linked to distinct patterns of activity in hippocampal and amygdala regions.
1348h agoThe spatiotemporal distribution of cortical activation during language production shows dissociated cortical networks supporting stages of speech production, with stimulus-response correlation space revealing stable signatures of psycholinguistic processing that generalize across individuals.
1348h agoBrain maturation can occur before birth, and major milestones of brain and behavioral development can unfold prenatally, rather than being dependent on postnatal experience.
1348h agoScience is limited to studying third-person phenomena, and therefore cannot study first-person experiences, such as consciousness, in its phenomenal dimension.
1356h agoThe spectral behaviour of the synaptic matrix determines the stability and dynamics of the brain, and its analysis reveals the role of synaptic sparsity in network dynamics and stability.
1356h agoSequential chaotic oscillations in brain networks capture metastable states, which are a balance between integration and segregation, through a sequence of states whose transition order is predicted by the underlying network structure.
1356h agoThe brain's cortex and subcortical systems work together by having the cortex learn general environmental structure and the subcortical circuits focus on reward-based learning.
1356h agoA dataset of 1020 hours of recorded brain activity, facial muscle activity, and speech audio from three healthy Japanese speakers is presented, supporting research on speech decoding, multimodal signal processing, and EEG representation learning.
1356h agoDirect models of neural computation can successfully predict population activity, but this only shows they are good predictions under the specific input distribution, not that they reveal the underlying mechanisms.
1356h agoEmbedding neuromorphic circuits into artificial neural networks enables them to learn from few examples and operate robustly under sensory noise, achieving high accuracy and outperforming classical deep learning models.
1356h agoAlzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease share a common neuroanatomical signature, with a positive brain-wide grey-matter correlation of 0.24, affecting areas such as the bilateral putamen and right accumbens.
1356h agoBiological Naturalism claims biology, not computation, is crucial for consciousness, and comes in two testable and incompatible forms that relate consciousness to information processing.
1356h agoSpeech foundation models, specifically Whisper, provide a useful framework for understanding how the brain processes speech, with intermediate model layers matching neural activity in the cortex.
1356h agoSparse Autoencoders extract interpretable features from neural representations, and their optimal features are structured by the interaction of L1 and nonnegativity with the data.
1356h agoLocality constraints on information used during learning result in qualitatively distinct behaviour in learning dynamics for random feedback local online (RFLO) learning compared to backpropagation through time (BPTT).
1356h agoA new algorithm called DAGGER constructs networks that amplify activity by orders of magnitude while maintaining stability, sign, sparsity, and diagonal constraints, and it outperforms existing methods with faster computation and better preservation of network properties.
1356h agoHypergraphs constructed from canonical coherence of EEG/MEG data outperform graph representations in recovering coupling frequencies and sensor-level spatial patterns in simulations.
1356h agoDependency topology correlates with functional load-bearing organization across different systems, including mathematics, software, neural networks, and digital circuits.
1356h agoA discretized Wilson--Cowan Amari neural field model combined with a data assimilation method can characterize neural activity in a mouse's cortex during natural sleep.
1356h agoCognition emerges as a collective phenomenon governed by adaptive dynamical time scales, organized by slowly relaxing modes within a high-dimensional cognitive manifold.
1356h agoMaking understanding measurable in artificial cognitive systems requires architectures that produce discrete, inspectable structural signatures, and five key signatures of understanding are identified: immediate representation formation, structural knowledge, generalization capacity, compositional awareness, and metacognitive access.
1356h agoA foveated vision interface, inspired by the human retina and primary visual cortex, enables efficient processing of high-resolution images with a fraction of the pixels and computational cost of traditional systems.
1356h agoA novel framework called SemKey resolves issues with decoding natural language from EEG signals by enforcing signal-grounded generation and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
1356h agoCalM, a self-supervised neural foundation model, improves neural recording analysis by adapting to multiple tasks, including forecasting and decoding, using a pretraining framework and a large-scale dataset.
1356h agoTwo-state random walks exhibit a coexistence of Joseph, Noah, and Moses effects due to stochastic switching between a continuous-time random walk rest state and a standard L'evy walk motion state.
1356h agoIntegrable hierarchies, such as KP and Toda lattice, have an algebraic curve, called the dynamical curve, built into their structure, which can be rational or elliptic depending on the hierarchy type.
1356h agoRogue waves emerge in the nonlinear stage of noise-induced modulational instability of a plane wave, with their frequency of occurrence increasing from zero and growing in an oscillatory manner, and are often formed by the synchronization of a few nonlinear modes.
1356h agoStructural disorder in complex networks causes Laplacian modes to concentrate on small subsets of nodes, making stability properties interpretable in node space rather than spectral space.
1356h agoSolitons in integrable systems can be tracked individually throughout interactions using a microscopic, field-based description that resolves their wave-particle character.
1356h agoThe analysis of a stochastic 5-neighbor cellular automaton reveals that the stationary distribution on each irreducible component depends on the occurrences of two specific local patterns, and the mean flux depends on conserved quantities.
1356h agoThe breadth of a system's response spectrum determines how many near-dangerous pathways coexist beyond the strongest direction, predicting the fragility curve and ultimately affecting the likelihood of failure.
1356h agoThis study introduces notions of integrability and non-integrability for natural Hamiltonian systems with potentially non-smooth potentials.
1356h agoGeometrical frustration leads to a ground state degeneracy where many equivalent states coexist, and this concept is extended to dynamical frustration, where a non-reciprocal self-oscillating state occurs.
1356h agoThe most ordered collective behaviors emerge when agents have complex internal representations and simple output mappings.
1356h agoGeometrical frustration provides a framework for understanding neural timing, where locally preferred interactions are incompatible globally, leading to metastable states and suppressed global synchrony.
1356h agoDiscontinuity causes regular islands in two-dimensional area-preserving maps to fragment into smaller regular components connected by chaotic channels, rather than being enclosed by a single invariant curve.
1356h agoA low-dimensional reduction theory based on orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle accurately describes populations of globally coupled phase oscillators with multiharmonic coupling.
1356h agoThis text is a program that calculates the number of one-dimensional number-conserving cellular automata with radius 1 and lists the numbers of such automata with up to 7 cell states.
1356h agoPerturbations in a compressible gas approximately follow a system of dispersive nonlinear wave equations, and solutions often consist of solitary waves that avoid shock formation for moderate-amplitude initial data.
1356h agoOrganizations tend to accumulate administrative burden over time because they create new processes to solve problems but fail to remove obsolete ones, leading to inefficiencies.
1356h agoReducing complexity in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model may lead to more efficient quantum batteries as long as chaos is not completely broken.
1356h agoThe bias of an approximate maximum-likelihood estimation objective is equal to the thermodynamic excess work of an overdamped Langevin dynamical system.
1356h agoA reconstruction formula for an $n\times n$ matrix with coefficients depending on $x$ is provided, using the characteristic polynomial and a line bundle of degree $g+n-1$ to reconstruct the matrix without involving transcendental functions.
1356h agoTubular origami tessellations' dynamics converge to an integrable map with a variational structure as the module number increases, allowing control of stable folding regions and interpretation of distinct folding modes.
1356h agoThe model shows that cellular protein concentrations near membranes with different lipids exhibit oscillatory phase separation, leading to multiscale patterns with traveling protein domains and stationary lipid domains.
1356h agoThe dynamics of power packet networks with routers exhibit a discontinuous phase transition, where the system abandons regulation as noise intensity exceeds a critical threshold, and network topology and coupling strength extend bifurcation points with collective resilient behaviors.
1356h agoThe incompressible Navier-Stokes equations can be derived with a fluctuation-dissipation relation for nonlinear dynamics without linearisation or structural assumptions.
1356h agoDisordered arrays of filaments cause particles that switch between diffusive and processive transport to localize at regions of convergent filament orientation.
1356h agoThe Longest Increasing Subsequence problem has a rich thermodynamic landscape with two distinct energy scales, and local search can become dynamically intractable due to thermodynamic sparsity, leading to glassy signatures.
1356h agoThe single-equation duality criterion gives a critical probability of 0.0288427147 for the square-octagonal random-bond Ising model, matching the reported numerical threshold of about 3%.
1356h agoThe persistent Langevin dynamics reveal a scale-free hierarchy of the energy landscape in the p=3 spherical spin glass, with the energy correlation time scaling as a power of the persistence time.
1356h agoGeometrical frustration provides a framework for understanding neural timing, where locally preferred interactions are incompatible globally, leading to metastable states and suppressed global synchrony.
1356h agoThe spectral behaviour of the synaptic matrix determines the stability and dynamics of the brain, and its analysis reveals the role of synaptic sparsity in network dynamics and stability.
1356h agoA non-phononic flat band emerges in the dynamical structure factor of two- and three-dimensional amorphous solids, connected to the boson peak and showing universal characteristics.
1356h agoMinimizing survival loss through quantum probability-flow principle leads to local learning rules in associative memory, including softmax-weighted Hebbian rule and power-law weighting.
1356h agoInformation scrambling in isolated quantum many-body systems happens rapidly, with von-Neumann and R\'enyi entropies growing fast and then saturating near Haar-random values, and shows a complex relationship with interaction order, system size, and Hamiltonian scaling.
1356h agoStructural disorder can enhance and sustain a topological phase in two dimensions if atomic sites are not close to each other, but it is generally detrimental to the phase in three dimensions.
1356h agoStructural disorder causes a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator to undergo phase transitions between topologically non-trivial and trivial phases.
1356h agoGround states in the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass are stable against single coupling perturbations, with energy differences between incongruent states scaling proportionally to volume in any dimension.
1356h agoNeural networks follow universal behavior in high dimensions, with a derived dynamical mean-field theory explaining the typical case learning dynamics and unifying multiple existing learning regimes.
1356h agoProbabilistic computers built from p-bits can efficiently solve dense combinatorial optimization problems, such as MIMO detection, with a scalable and tuning-free architecture.
1356h agoProbabilistic context-free grammars provide a framework for understanding how language structure can be learned from sentences, with correlations at different scales enabling the emergence of hierarchical representations.
1356h agoDropout schedules that are front-loaded cut test loss by 18-35% over constant dropout in MLPs and Vision Transformers at a fixed budget.
1356h agoThe random close packing density of polydisperse hard sphere systems depends on the polydispersity and skewness of the diameter distribution, and this dependence follows a theoretical master curve.
1356h agoFentanyl self-administration in rats produces distinct low- and high-risk addiction phenotypes, with female rats more likely to develop high-risk addiction characterized by high intake, cue responsiveness, and seeking behavior.
1356h agoVisual rehabilitation with a motion discrimination task improves detection and awareness of moving objects in the blind field of occipital stroke survivors.
1360h agoA rigorous methodology for analyzing functional MRI data reveals that brain regions critical for classification have stronger and more structured temporal dependencies than less critical regions.
1360h agoHCN channels regulate synchronous information transfer by sharpening output synchrony and improving propagation reliability in cortical circuits.
1360h agoDopamine receptors Dop1R1 and Dop1R2 have different cellular environments and signaling pathways, with Dop1R1 specifically regulating learning, starvation responses, and memory through distinct protein interactions.
1360h agoNorepinephrine in the preBotzinger Complex elicits sniffing behavior through a rhythm-generating mechanism that is distinct from the one used for normal breathing.
1360h agoNormative modeling of resting-state functional MRI metrics reveals individual deviations from a reference population across age and sex, providing a new approach to biomarker research.
1360h agoThe brain transforms abstract motor goals into specific movement plans by progressively changing neural representations from effector-independent to effector-specific formats.
1360h agoThe Eyewire II dataset, a large-scale electron microscopy dataset, maps neural cell types and connectivity in the adult mouse retina, covering nearly 1 mm2 and yielding over 25,000 cells, including bipolar, amacrine, and retinal ganglion cells.
1360h agoThe Ionotropic Receptor IR20a helps detect the amino acid arginine and low salt, and works with other receptors to integrate these nutritional signals and enhance feeding preference.
1360h agoA proposed theoretical model suggests that schemas emerge through the formation and alignment of low-dimensional neural representations, enabling rapid learning, generalization, and recombination of knowledge to support future learning.
1364h agoA computational model of brain structures impacted by Parkinson's disease shows that coordinated reset stimulation can reduce neuronal synchrony, and its efficacy depends on the stimulation frequency, number of stimulation sites, and synaptic plasticity rules.
1364h agoIncreased grooming in rodents occurs as a post-stress response when animals feel safe, not as a defensive response to danger, and this behavior can provide insight into the neurobiology of recovery from stress.
1364h agoSymptoms of depression are linked to altered brain state dynamics, particularly reduced activity in an anterior default mode brain state and increased activity in a posterior default mode state.
1364h agoPrefrontal theta stimulation improves item working memory, while frontoparietal theta stimulation improves sequence working memory, by amplifying the relevant neural processes.
1364h agoCRES protein helps organize the brain's extracellular matrix and its absence leads to sex-specific changes in brain structure and function, affecting learning, memory, and executive functioning in young males.
1364h agoRepresenting equations of motion and their temporal numerical integration separately improves the robustness of human-machine interfaces by reducing prediction errors and maintaining stability under novel conditions.
1364h agoOCA-associated genes, specifically OCA2 and SLC45A2, play a role in regulating sleep and photoreceptor neurotransmission through evolutionarily conserved mechanisms.
1364h agoThe Semantic Output Code framework achieves a mean accuracy of 76.5% in decoding conceptual knowledge from fMRI data, by mapping voxel activations to a semantic feature space and retrieving nearest neighbours from a knowledge base.
1364h agoLevodopa treatment causes iron to accumulate in the substantia nigra, a brain region affected in Parkinson's disease, and this accumulation does not depend on the presence of dopamine neurons.
1364h agoDiminished and psychedelic states alter the spatiotemporal structure of wave propagation across the brain in opposite ways, with diminished states slowing and psychedelic states accelerating wave propagation.
1364h agoV-shape Bessel-beam light-sheet microscopy achieves subcellular resolution across large, opaque volumes in vivo, uncovering new phenomena in adult Drosophila brains, including odor valence coding patterns and a serotonin-dependent post-shock firing response.
1364h agoPupil dilation is linked to distinct cortical activity patterns in the brain, specifically in areas such as the retrosplenial cortex and higher-order visual areas, which change depending on the type of sensory stimulation.
1364h agoPain biomarkers can complement and enrich the experiences of people living with pain when developed within a bio-psycho-social framework.
1372h agoThe gold standard for measuring pain is self-report, and neuroimaging is used to understand pain mechanisms.
1372h agoDeep brain stimulation promotes white matter remodeling and reorganizes brain-wide functional networks, which may help treat depression.
1372h agoNeurofeedback training enhances neural responses to target speech and improves speech comprehension in noisy situations by strengthening selective attention.
1376h agoNa+ influx through NMDA receptors triggers a signaling pathway that couples synaptic activity to mitochondrial fission and synapse elimination during long-term depression.
1376h agoS-acylation regulates protein localization and function in the nervous system, and deacylases, which remove S-acylation, are expressed and localized throughout neurons in a region-specific manner.
1376h agoDopamine receptors mediate social spacing in Drosophila by working in opposing pairs to regulate inter-individual distances.
1376h agoA 3D fNIRS simulator generates physiologically realistic synthetic recordings of brain activity, allowing users to create unlimited labeled datasets for testing and validating new analysis methods.
1380h agoThe brain's sensory cortices perform perceptual inference through complex networks, and assuming a broader class of probability distributions allows this process to exhibit nonlinear and heterogeneous properties while maintaining efficient variational Bayesian inference.
1380h agoNeural activity unfolds in meaningful temporal units called metastable neural states, which serve as fundamental computational units of cognition and operate according to core principles such as a spatio-temporally nested hierarchy and reflection of underlying predictive models.
1380h agoSpiking neural networks trained on human braking data capture human safety perception by aligning spiking activity with human braking onsets in response to critical events.
1380h agoEvolutionary search helps identify reusable reservoir structures that can solve a range of temporal problems by creating generic architectures that outperform randomly searched ones on several tasks.
1380h agoProduction noise causes groups to converge on incorrect information more often and for longer than comprehension noise, leading to faulty collective understanding.
1380h agoUntrained neural networks match or exceed trained networks in representing early visual cortex activity, but training changes this representation, with different learning rules affecting various parts of the visual cortex differently.
1380h agoPeople enjoy watching action sequences more when they seem to involve completing difficult tasks, not when they appear dangerous.
1380h agoThis method learns a distribution of connection weights in neural networks that matches observed dynamics and is maximally unbiased over uncertain components.
1380h agoThe free energy principle's biological implementation is specified by a bottom-up mechanism called generalized synchronization, which arises from ordinary recurrent dynamics in neural circuits.
1380h agoHierarchical syntactic structure influences online comprehension before reading a sentence, emerging as early as 108ms before reading, and guides subjects' comprehension on both behavioral and neural levels.
1380h agoModified Exponential Arrival Time method improves performance and robustness in Poisson-distributed latent variable models, matching or outperforming other methods in tasks involving variational autoencoders and partially observable generalized linear models.
1380h agoEach English phoneme carries a structured semantic profile that is recoverable from text, perceived across languages, and grounded in articulation.
1380h agoEmbodied agents, such as patterns in excitable media, tend to avoid regions in their environment where sensory information is unavailable, a behavior driven by their desire to preserve their morphology.
1380h agoA Lie symmetry classification of a generalized nonlinear heat equation identifies several subclasses with extended symmetry algebra, including power-law and logarithmic branches, and leads to similarity reductions and exact group-invariant solutions.
1380h agoThis text is a program that calculates the number of one-dimensional number-conserving cellular automata with radius 1 and provides the numbers of such automata with up to 7 cell states.
1380h agoUsing more trajectories improves accuracy when noise is high, but only a small number of additional trajectories is needed to gain most of the benefit.
1380h agoA mathematical framework for dynamic emergent constraints links the response of different climate observables to the same forcing, allowing computation of a predictand's response as the convolution of a predictor's response and a proxy Green's function.
1380h agoIncentives that maximise social welfare are either zero or concentrated around a simple target, and often differ from those optimised for cost or cooperation frequency.
1380h agoFree-fermion modes in quantum spin systems can be expressed as linear combinations of path products along induced paths in the frustration graph.
1380h agoThe analytic theory provides an accurate description of the evolution of localized pulses in the defocusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, matching well with direct numerical simulations.
1380h agoSmall gradient-based perturbations applied to oscillator phases can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks.
1380h agoIntroducing a symmetry-breaking disorder forces quantum states to penetrate a larger Hilbert space, driving the system to a chaotic phase as disorder increases.
1380h agoThe dynamical symmetry of the quantum Calogero model with particle exchange in a confining Coulomb field is governed by the algebra $so(N+1,2)$, deformed by exchange operators.
1380h agoMany-body interactions in a model soft glass of solvent-free polymer-grafted nanoparticles are accurately learned by an equivariant message-passing graph neural network, reproducing classical density functional theory energies and revealing locally favored structures in agreement with experiments.
1380h agoInformation theory tools reveal new insights into phase transitions in random systems, bounding critical exponents and providing new perspectives on many-body localization and random quantum circuits.
1380h agoA hidden localization transition occurs in a family of Hamiltonians, where wavefunctions switch between being localized or delocalized with respect to new canonically conjugate operators, exhibiting a multifractal dimension at the transition point.
1380h agoThe quantum Mpemba effect, where systems with greater initial symmetry breaking restore symmetry faster, is observed and modulated in a superconducting processor.
1380h agoLocal minima of two-layer ReLU networks admit an exact low-dimensional representation in terms of summary statistics, and correspond to attractive fixed points of one-pass SGD dynamics.
1380h agoP2X7 receptor plays a key role in retinal remodeling and RGC hyperactivity in retinitis pigmentosa by mediating calcium-dependent gene expression and increased cell permeability.
1380h agoFOXO inhibition does not improve motor performance, survival, or muscle atrophy in a mouse model of ALS.
1380h agoThe PFKFB3-F2,6BP metabolic axis is dysfunctional in Alzheimer's disease, with low F2,6BP levels linked to Tau aggregation, and F2,6BP supplementation can rescue multiple pathological features.
1384h agoThe leptomeninges' extracellular matrix has altered organization and signaling in Alzheimer's disease, with changes in protein solubility and differential expression of regulators and secreted factors.
1388h agoA projection from the anterior paraventricular thalamus to the hippocampal ventral subiculum carries an aversive state signal that biases the ventral subiculum to prioritize threat-related information, guiding avoidance behavior.
1396h agoChronic stress disrupts the development and function of oligodendrocytes, a type of brain cell, by reducing the levels of a key protein called SOX6, leading to myelination deficits and increased susceptibility to mental illnesses.
1396h agoHemodynamic lag in white matter follows a specific pattern that relates to venous anatomy, changes with task engagement, and shifts with age, affecting cognitive performance.
1396h agoOlfactory learning increases the activity of cortical GABAergic projections and their inhibitory control on adult-born granule cells in the olfactory bulb, which impairs the acquisition and reversal of odor-reward associations.
1396h agoScene- and object-selective brain regions show different patterns of connectivity with other brain areas during encoding and retrieval, and these patterns relate to memory performance in younger adults.
1396h agoElevated reaction time variability predicts later statistical learning, suggesting it may reflect an adaptive, exploratory processing tendency that helps the brain extract and model environmental regularities.
1396h agoThe hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex contribute to memory-guided behavior only during specific phases of a task, and their engagement is gated by behavioral state or context.
1396h agoElectrical signals propagate differently across various neuron types, enabling diverse computations, and this propagation is shaped by the morphology of the neuron.
1400h agoThe interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons produce complex dynamics, and a simple model called the threshold-linear network reveals mathematical conditions for different dynamical regimes across various microcircuit architectures.
1400h agoAutistic traits are linked to higher autonomic arousal, while gaze instability is more common in people with autism and ADHD diagnoses, especially those with both conditions.
1404h agoU-Net-pgs is the most accurate and reliable automated method for segmenting white matter lesions in Parkinson's disease and healthy control brain scans.
1404h agoHuman steering behavior adapts to changing spatial constraints, with drivers showing greater positional variability and reduced corrective steering when passing through wide gates compared to narrow gates.
1404h agoThicker skin on the foot sole compared to the hand and differences in papillary ridge width and internal ridge architecture are associated with variations in tactile perception.
1404h agoMeditation is associated with distinct EEG dynamics, including increased theta-alpha power and modulation of nonlinear indices, that are reproducible and distinct from rest and task states.
1404h agoHARP, a flexible framework, integrates anatomical constraints at different levels of detail to improve the accuracy of reconstructed white-matter pathways in diffusion MRI tractography.
1408h agoSoma-seq, a new method, measures both proteins and RNA in single cells from frozen human brain tissue, and reveals a continuous trajectory of pathological progression in Alzheimer's disease.
1424h agoTask engagement organizes brain activity along the frequency dimension, with tasks imposing frequency-specific organization on ongoing cortical activity, and task-specific frequencies distinguishing cognitive states and predicting individual reaction time.
1424h agoReal-time gaze sharing between teacher and learner improves the remote transfer of complex piano skills by enhancing joint visual attention and coordination.
1424h agoPhysical activity promotes adaptation in the brain's neural network in later life, which supports fluid intelligence, by strengthening or pruning white matter connections.
1424h agoChanges in acoustic environments trigger automatic responses in the eyes and arousal systems, with the location of the change affecting arousal but not the initial orienting response.
1424h agoCognitive ability and age, along with pure tone audiometry, predict how well people with similar hearing test results understand speech in everyday listening environments.
1424h agoMissense mutations in the Grik2 gene disrupt receptor trafficking through distinct molecular mechanisms, impairing receptor folding and assembly or reducing PKC-dependent phosphorylation, and alter downstream calcium signalling responses.
1424h agoProtein composition, not RNA, largely defines the final cell state, and a single-cell proteomics approach identified a new proteomic pathway that defines motor neuron development and characterized novel clusters of growing human induced pluripotent stem cells.
1424h agoThe prefrontal cortex transitions from broadly evaluating options to processing action and stimulus-based choices separately, with different areas tracking action or stimulus values.
1424h agoOptimizing coil placement using certain mathematical objectives reduces redundancy in cortical patterns and improves the efficiency of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping.
1428h agoChloride currents through GABAA and glycine receptors primarily mediate fast inhibition in the brain, and a novel sensor called iClima can detect chloride transients in response to inhibitory inputs in living mice.
1428h agoThe prefrontal cortex and subthalamic nucleus work together to enable proactive inhibition, with different regions showing distinct patterns of brain activity when people prepare to restrain or execute movements.
1428h agoProprioceptors rely on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1 to maintain their ability to generate short-duration action potentials and support high-frequency firing, which are essential for precise movement.
1428h agoThe human brain has a temporal organization of functional gradients, with electrophysiological lag threads that reveal a frequency-specific hierarchy, linking fast neural dynamics to slower hemodynamic structure.
1428h agoGap junctional properties primarily dictate synchronization between molecular layer interneurons, and transient inputs drive brief network-wide synchronization, while elevated firing enables gap junction-dependent oscillatory synchronization.
1428h agoMosOPN3, a light-actuated G protein-coupled receptor, inhibits behavior in flies for minutes with brief light pulses and has low developmental toxicity.
1428h agoContinuous sumatriptan exposure causes long-lasting changes in the trigeminovascular system and brain perfusion, leading to a state of latent sensitisation.
1428h agoA universal neural framework disentangles subject-specific features from state-dependent components in raw EEG signals, improving out-of-distribution identification accuracy in EEG-based biometric recognition.
1428h agoAttentional demands shape neural coding of information by changing how stimuli are represented in the brain, depending on whether people select or integrate multiple sources of information.
1428h agoReduced deep sleep and gamma band activity occur as early changes in Alzheimer's disease, before cognitive deficits appear, and correlate with later amyloid deposition and impairment.
1428h agoZebrafish can develop ethanol abuse-like behaviour when allowed to self-administer a 5% ethanol solution, providing a new way to study alcohol use disorder.
1428h agoThe Chenonceau brain atlas maps the human brain's organization across multiple modalities at mesoscopic resolution, integrating whole-brain mesoscopic connectome, cortical lamination, and microarchitecture.
1428h agoPhoneme-related potentials, a measure of brain responses to speech sounds, remained stable across different testing conditions and provided a reliable index of naturalistic speech processing.
1428h agoNeural replay, a phenomenon linked to memory, planning, and decision making, can be detected non-invasively using fMRI and MEG recordings, but reliable methods require validation against known signals.
1428h agoA new framework called SP-ComBat effectively removes scanner-related variability from multi-site MRI data, allowing for direct pooling of data and more sensitive analysis of Huntington's disease.
1428h agoHuman serotonergic neurons with regional identities can be generated using hindbrain organoids, allowing for modeling of serotonergic development, function, and disease-associated dysfunction.
1428h agoThe primate neocortex has a complex functional organization that emerges from the tuning properties of single cells, with different areas, such as auditory cortex and middle temporal area, showing unique patterns of neural activity and organization.
1428h agoPharmacological interventions and stress-related treatments change social behavior in adult zebrafish, with stress producing opposite effects on social preference and shoal cohesion.
1428h agoEthanol exposure is associated with developmental stage-dependent neuronal remodeling of bioenergetic genes in human neuronal progenitor cells.
1428h agoPlasmin directly impairs the barrier function of brain endothelial cell monolayers by breaking down key molecules that hold the cells together.
1428h agoThe degree to which people perceive social interactions from visual stimuli best predicts brain activity in areas responsible for social perception.
1428h agoCircuit-level computational models generate novel hypotheses, capture individual differences in human populations, and predict that learning decreases cross-regional correlations due to increased striatal asynchrony.
1428h agoPupillometry can accurately track effort when corrected for luminance effects, and combining it with behavioral and subjective measures provides the best results.
1428h agoThe cerebellum's movement and cognition pathways overlap in brain-wide networks while staying locally specialized.
1428h agoA new probabilistic framework allows clusters of disease biomarkers to follow distinct trajectories while maintaining a shared global ordering of individuals, providing more accurate and interpretable reconstructions of disease progression from cross-sectional data.
1428h agoA novel dynamical regime called "interference-free propagation" allows signals to reliably propagate between areas of the cortex while preserving local, area-specific dynamics.
1428h agoDisrupting a protein degradation system in neurons triggers the formation of tau aggregates similar to those found in Alzheimer's disease, and aging and APOE4 induce loss of this system.
1440h agoThe failure of 'neuroproteasomes' causes tau to convert into paired helical filaments, a process regulated by ApoE and aging.
1440h agoAbnormal sleep spindles, caused by dysfunctional GABAA receptors in thalamic regions, may contribute to abnormal fear processing in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
1440h agoNeural activity drives cerebrospinal fluid flow in the subarachnoid space near sites of neural activation in awake humans.
1440h agoPrefrontal theta-tACS modulates working memory performance in a phase-dependent manner, with the stimulation phase affecting reaction time but not accuracy.
1440h agoDisruption of glutamate clearance and release causes persistent glutamatergic dysregulation, which disrupts synaptic and network function, but KCNQ-channel openers can partially restore network synchrony.
1440h agoLoss of the Cntnap2 gene alters vestibular signaling, leading to impaired balance, spatial learning, and sensorimotor abilities in mice.
1440h agoMetabolic Connectivity Mapping infers the direction of neural signalling between brain regions by linking energy consumption to afferent input, reproducing hierarchical signalling and identifying novel directional asymmetries.
1440h agoGamma power deficits in schizophrenia are more pronounced in the persistent regime than in the stimulus-locked regime due to synaptic alterations in the pyramidal neuron-parvalbumin-expressing interneuron circuit.
1440h agoPolysome profiling technique can be used to analyze the association of mRNA with ribosomes in human postmortem brain tissue by implementing a protocol optimized for low-concentration samples.
1440h agoSpatial gradients in external input or neural excitability determine the emergence of travelling waves in the hippocampus, which then reorganise cortical activity in a directional and frequency-dependent manner.
1440h agoInhibition of the lateral hypothalamic-paraventricular thalamic pathway selectively reduces goal-tracking behavior in rats, without affecting sign-tracking behavior.
1440h agoThe dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans rewires neural circuits to shorten behavioral persistence while preserving behavioral initiation, allowing the worm to adapt to environmental stress.
1440h agoThe autophagy protein Atg18a regulates exosome release at the presynaptic compartment, and this process contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease.
1440h agoStroke causes changes in the brain, gut, and immune system, characterized by specific times of altered microglial subtypes, immune cell interactions, and gut microbiome composition.
1440h agoLSD induces gene expression patterns that oppose conserved signatures of brain aging and dementia, counteracting disease-associated phenotypes and promoting functional resilience in neurodegeneration-relevant contexts.
1444h agoCreative improvisation in music enables performers and listeners to share similar emotions and physiological responses, with alignment strongest when performers' felt and expressed emotions match.
1444h agoCDR scores classify patients' cognitive state, ranging from 0 for no dementia to 3 for severe dementia, and are used to track dementia progression over time.
1444h agoThe brain's striatal cholinergic interneurons play a critical role in driving avoidance by actively signaling evidence for aversion and changing their response to cues that predict negative outcomes.
1448h agoThe Multidimensional Gating Framework reduces phase dispersion and errors in neural oscillatory phase estimation under strict causal constraints and noisy conditions.
1448h agoPrenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with two distinct cortical thickness subtypes in youth, one linked to greater height and weight and the other to higher psychiatric measures and faster cortical thinning over time.
1448h agoA specific type of neuron in the brain, called Tshz1 neurons, plays a crucial role in the development of withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with opioid use disorder.
1448h agoTransient inflammatory stimulation induces a persistent reactive astrocyte state characterized by elevated C3 expression, which is maintained by JAK-dependent signaling even after the initial inflammatory stimulus is removed.
1448h agoBrain morphology changes in subcortical brain structures are associated with cognitive aging, with varied atrophy patterns and heterogeneous shape changes occurring across the 8th decade of life.
1452h agoIn-context learning in large language models depends on the successful online untangling of task-relevant representations, and its performance correlates with the representational structure of the underlying classification task.
1452h agoCortical activity represents natural whole-body behaviors in primates through large-scale neural signals that can decode accurate and realistic whole-body movements.
1452h agoCommon noise synchronizes the collective oscillations of two groups of oscillators, even when the groups do not interact with each other.
1452h agoBrain-IT-VQA, a new framework, decodes language tokens from brain activity and answers visual questions from fMRI signals more accurately than previous methods.
1452h agoEmbodied virtual reality feedback improves neural representations and decoding performance in brain-computer interfaces that control movement with imagined actions.
1452h agoThe combination of L-type calcium channels and inward rectifier potassium channels enables robust and physiological bistability in neurons, allowing them to switch from tonic firing to plateau potentials.
1452h agoA new model of human mental rotation proposes that the brain uses a three-part process to compare objects seen from different viewpoints, combining neural and symbolic representations to simulate rotation in 3D space.
1452h agoA graph neural network estimates local brain age across the cortical surface at high spatial resolution using cortical morphology, identifying primary sites of aging in association cortices and linking cortical aging patterns to clinical outcomes.
1452h agoNeural networks with ReLU activation function operate in an affine manner over convex polyhedra, and their representations have homology groups isomorphic to quotient homology groups.
1452h agoHuman outcomes are controllable through interventions that target a person's dynamic latent state at the moment of decision-making, which explains the persistence of within-person variability in different situations.
1452h agoA general method is presented for constructing the effective action that governs the large-scale nonlinear dynamics of systems with rapidly oscillating forces.
1452h agoExciting spring vibration can stabilize or destabilize the conformation of a chain-like three-body bead-spring model, and this effect depends on the amplitudes of vibration modes and is more complex in asymmetric systems.
1452h agoCommon noise synchronizes the collective oscillations of two groups of oscillators, even when the groups do not interact with each other.
1452h agoThe mathematical modeling and numerical investigation of a thermo-controlled Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) reveals that memristive effects strongly influence oscillation amplitudes, resonance frequencies, and nonlinear transitions within the coupled thermo-electro-mechanical system.
1452h agoScientists construct a non-commutative version of the discrete first Painlev\'e hierarchy, and express both the original and non-commutative hierarchies in terms of Svinin polynomials.
1452h agoThe coupling topology of networked dynamical systems determines the coupling strength required to generate extreme events, following a power-law-like relationship with topological and spectral properties.
1452h agoYang-Baxter integrability in spin chains with constrained Hilbert spaces, such as those with Rydberg blockade, leads to the emergence of Temperley-Lieb algebras in certain types of anyonic chains.
1452h agoSymmetry restoration in a non-Hermitian optical trimer involves a chaotic hysteretic regime with coexisting attractors and leads to spatially localized dynamics with multifrequency behavior.
1452h agoThe model of Brownian bees with cooperative reproduction shows that population density is stable for reproduction rates up to 2, unstable for rates 4 and above, and has multiple steady states at a reproduction rate of 3.
1452h agoA one-dimensional spin 1/2 Hamiltonian with local multi-site interactions has a free-fermionic spectrum with huge degeneracy due to local conserved quantities.
1452h agoNoncommutative Laurent biorthogonal polynomials are connected to matrix discrete Painlev\'e equations through a series of mathematical transformations.
1452h agoGeological materials, including rocks, go through a soft stage during their formation, either at high temperatures or with water present.
1452h agoPiecewise linear maps have one-dimensional invariant sets that capture global dynamics, showing chaotic behavior for certain parameter values and transitions in topological entropy that occur continuously from positive to zero and discontinuously from zero to positive.
1452h agoA massive particle moving around a black hole in a dark matter halo exhibits chaotic motion when the halo density, scale radius, and energy increase, leading to a transition from regular to chaotic dynamics near the black hole's horizon.
1452h agoThe Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chain with long-wavelength random initial data enters a prethermal state when energy per particle is small, characterized by a Burgers-type shock and a turbulent-like spectrum.
1452h agoThe number of measurements required for accurate reconstruction of a chaotic system's trajectory is linked to the dimension of its inertial manifold, with at least $d_M$ measurements needed for local observability and $2d_M + 1$ measurements for global observability.
1452h agoBreaking permutation symmetry with power law couplings allows a system to exhibit new dynamical behaviors, including thermalization, as the coupling range changes from infinite to short range.
1452h agoEarth's surface roughness follows a self-affine model with a Hurst exponent that varies depending on the geometric feature and the influence of coastal processes.
1452h agoThe string hypothesis of Bethe roots connects root configurations with physical quantities in quantum integrable systems, and researchers find that Bethe roots exhibit well-organized patterns, including bulk strings, boundary strings, and four geometric classes, even without U(1) symmetry.
1452h agoThe Lorenz equations model the interaction between thermal boundary layers and core circulation, and their stochastic form exhibits non-Gaussian, multifractal behavior in long-time numerical simulations, mirroring laboratory measurements of mean wind reversals in Rayleigh-Bénard convection.
1452h agoA trade-off theorem proves that one-dimensional quantum spin systems with quenched disorder can have either an order parameter or a disorder parameter with even parity, but not both.
1452h agoThe Localization Landscape Theory does not accurately reproduce the critical properties of Anderson localization, but it does capture some features of the low-disorder regime.
1452h agoA disorder-driven topological phase transition enhances the spatial fluctuations of the logarithmic wave-packet density in a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain with off-diagonal disorder.
1452h agoThe simulation estimates the ground state energy of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass for a system size of up to 40,000 using the deGennes-Suzuki-Kubo mean-field Ising dynamics.
1452h agoThe study using group-equivariant convolutional neural networks finds a spinon pair-density-wave ground state for the kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet, but this finding is questioned by new results showing the reported low energies are artifacts of broken ergodicity.
1452h agoA data-driven method improves the accuracy of lattice simulations of critical systems by constructing better lattice operators that match continuum conformal fields.
1452h agoA new approach predicts the generalization performance of Bayesian multi-layer perceptrons on high-dimensional data by capturing dominant stochastic fluctuations in the networks' empirical kernels.
1452h agoDeep learning fails to extrapolate exact algorithmic or discrete algebraic rules because it lacks an inductive bias toward algorithmic complexity minimization.
1452h agoA prototype-based alignment approach improves the fine-tuning of machine learning interatomic potentials, enabling better generalisation to new materials with limited data.
1452h agoPolydispersity and skewness of particle size distribution affect the random close packing density of hard sphere systems, with their dependencies collapsing onto a single master curve.
1452h agoGenerative models can accelerate the design and discovery of new functional materials, and a new conditional autoregressive framework called CrystaLLM-π integrates continuous property representations to improve the process.
1452h agoLarge language models display rare events during inference, and a new framework helps systematically analyze these unusual behaviors.
1452h agoSpectral decimation provides a quantitative probe of emergent symmetries in statistically mixed spectra by linking spectral statistics to Hilbert-space structure.
1452h agoMachine-learning models trained on neuroimaging data perform better for majority populations than minority groups, but supervised domain adaptation methods can reduce these performance gaps.
1452h agoThe genetically encoded two-step strategy GT-SPARCL achieves stable, low-density labeling of neurons in mice, allowing for the discovery of diverse projection-defined subtypes of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
1452h agoHypomanic tendencies reflect a persistent pattern of elevated engagement despite potential loss, coupled with reduced integration of negative emotional experience, leading to emotional dysregulation and vulnerability to psychopathology.
1456h agoA complete pipeline for head-restrained forelimb reaching in mice allows researchers to study fine motor control, with findings showing that interrupting an ongoing reach requires timing that depends on the phase of the reach.
1456h agoChronic methamphetamine use causes persistent cognitive impairments, but boosting a certain brain receptor can reverse these deficits.
1456h agoMagnetomyography using optically pumped magnetometers allows for contactless estimation of motor unit numbers, with estimates being 40% lower than those obtained through surface electromyography.
1456h agoEarly loss of vision does not prevent opossums from accurately reaching and grasping objects, as they adapt by relying more on their remaining senses, particularly tactile and olfactory inputs.
1456h agoThe Curli Carrier Burden (CCB) index, which estimates the abundance of bacteria that produce curli fibres, is higher in people with Parkinson's disease than in controls, according to gut metagenomic studies.
1456h agoSex differences exist in neural activity across the social brain network, particularly in the basolateral amygdala, during social interactions.
1456h agoCortical Laplace-Beltrami eigenmode coordinates provide a shared language for analyzing structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and EEG data, yielding compact subject-level brain signatures that accurately predict chronological age and cognitive outcomes.
1456h agoPre-stimulus mu dynamics influence not only the magnitude but also the consistency of corticospinal responses to TMS.
1456h agoThe brain's visual and motor maps have different spatial scales and combine in a way that allows flexible eye movements, with a "moire pattern" enabling stimuli at one location to guide eye movements to another.
1456h agoBeta-amyloid pathology accelerates age-related hearing loss by damaging the auditory receptor, stria vascularis, and its capillaries in mice.
1456h agoNature Computational Science joins the co-review initiative to encourage early-career researchers' involvement in peer review and ensure they receive proper recognition.
1460h agoProtein language models can decode evolution's grammar, making it possible to predict and design protein structures on a large scale.
1460h agoFLOWR improves validity, pose accuracy, and interaction recovery in protein pocket encoding by combining continuous and categorical flow matching with equivariant optimal transport.
1464h agoAutism Spectrum Disorder is associated with atypical processing of emotional faces in males, but not females, compared to typically developing populations.
1464h agoBeta oscillations play a causal role in maintaining perception-action representations over time, helping to stabilize them and preserve the current cognitive-motor state.
1464h agoGluD1 regulates input-specific circuit organization and synaptic connectivity, and its ablation leads to reduced excitatory input to the striatum and behavioral deficits, without affecting the ultrastructure of individual synapses.
1464h agoNeuronal UBE3A loss leads to increased microglial inflammation and synapse engulfment through a TNF-linked signaling axis.
1464h agoCerebral organoid studies can improve in accuracy and reliability by using proper quality control measures, including real-time removal of maldeveloped organoids and automated imaging and control platforms.
1464h agoThe human enteric nervous system matures in early postnatal life through a process involving bidirectional communication between immune cells and enteric neurons, which creates a pro-neurogenic environment that supports the growth of the nervous system.
1464h agoCortical network activation follows a causal control hierarchy, where source regions drive full network recruitment, and this directional structure is conserved across different neural activity patterns and behavioral states.
1464h agoThe neocortex is organized into discrete dynamical elements with specific boundaries and propagation speeds, which are conserved across different neural activity regimes and are robust to various interventions.
1464h agoThe human brain's gene expression changes with age, with microRNAs, especially miR-34a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-132-3p, being differently expressed across the lifespan.
1464h agoAdding a decoy face to a choice set increases people's selection of a target face by up to 7%, showing that social judgments are influenced by the same context-dependent principles as economic choices.
1468h agoElevated levels of interleukin-6 during pregnancy reshape the development of human brain cells, leading to changes in the maturation and type of interneurons, which can contribute to neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder.
1468h agoThalamic nuclei volumes are reduced in Alzheimer's disease, particularly in amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, and this reduction can help classify cognitive status and diagnose the disease.
1468h agoFluctuations in synaptic efficacy can be tracked and explained by models of activity-dependent long-term plasticity that take into account the covariance of pre- and postsynaptic activity.
1472h agoEarly sensory input determines phonetic attunement, with auditory or visual access to speech within the first year of life enabling the encoding of phonetic features.
1472h agoThe ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamus has distinct neural connections that control female sexual behavior, with the anterior part receiving inputs from certain brain regions that promote rejection and the posterior part receiving inputs from other regions that promote receptivity.
1472h agoThe adolescent cerebellum shows a functional dissociation in reward processing, with diffuse activation during reward receipt and anticipation patterns similar to adults, suggesting it plays a critical role in building internal models of affective responses.
1472h agoGBA1 gene mutations lead to Parkinson's disease through a gain-of-function mechanism that reduces dopamine release and causes behavioral deficits, and through a loss-of-function mechanism that causes alpha-synuclein pathology.
1472h agoA compact framework using electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging captures differences across cognitive domains and variations in cognitive demand in healthy participants.
1472h agoA proximal nerve crush can reshape axonal growth and interrupt pain signals, potentially reducing neuroma-associated pain, by remodeling long-term programs in the dorsal root ganglion.
1472h agoArray-based OPM-MMG shows high stability of spatial patterns across force levels and strong test-retest repeatability in most subjects.
1472h agoHypoxic preconditioning boosts the effectiveness of small extracellular vesicles from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells, which improves anxiety-like behavior, recognition memory, and spatial learning in autism spectrum disorder mice by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative damage.
1472h agoExploration helps agents and animals form organized internal representations of their environment by linking actions, perceptions, and learning.
1476h agoBackpropagated gradients in deep learning models predict brain signals in higher-level visual cortex, but their organization in the brain differs from a biologically plausible backpropagation mechanism.
1476h agoLarge EEG foundation models may not perform better than properly tuned supervised baselines, and their effectiveness depends on dataset scale and architecture.
1476h agoHuman outcomes are controllable through interventions that target a person's dynamic latent state at the moment of decision-making, which explains why individuals produce different outcomes in response to the same input.
1476h agoCurrent AI systems create an illusion of choice, weakening people's ability to make genuine decisions, and this problem disproportionately affects disadvantaged populations.
1476h agoMultimodal pretraining does not uniformly improve large language models' alignment with human text processing during natural reading, but does offer advantages when sentences contain strong visual semantic content.
1476h agoDigital twins of sensory cortex with better prediction accuracy have stronger and higher-dimensional representations of visual information.
1476h agoUltraweak photon emission measured from the head is likely dominated by emission from the scalp, not the brain, due to background light contamination and limitations in measurement technology.
1476h agoThe study finds correlations between the energy distributions of symmetry subspaces in chaotic billiards, with sticky regions in classical phase space linked to deviations from Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble statistics.
1476h agoThis paper constructs (1+1)-dimensional and (2+1)-dimensional super integrable systems on the color Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sp}_{1}(6)$ and their super Hamiltonian structures.
1476h agoCompetition for resources limits the ability of complex systems to achieve maximum entropy production, causing them to self-organize and generate less entropy than possible.
1476h agoThe study describes the dynamics of many-body quantum chaotic systems using the four-body, $N$-Majorana Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, and finds that the out-of-time order correlation function has an early exponential growth followed by an exponential decay, and a dip-ramp-plateau pattern at late times for certain values of $N$.
1476h agoA class of artificial neural networks is constructed from solitonic degrees of freedom in nonlinear scalar field theory, where neural layers are derived as finite-dimensional input-output maps of reduced solitonic dynamics.
1476h agoThe Lowner-John deform-cloud scheme reveals that the aspect ratio of a particle cloud in incompressible stochastic flows remains saturated due to a balance between persistent strain alignment and geometric relaxation.
1476h agoPolymer solutions flowing through a porous medium exhibit an abrupt increase in flow resistance above a certain threshold, linked to polymer extension at stagnation points in ordered media and viscous dissipation by unsteady flow fluctuations in disordered media.
1476h agoA one-dimensional dark-soliton branch can sustain upstream laboratory motion in a stationary transonic flow up to the sonic point, which acts as the upstream edge of the soliton branch.
1476h agoMany problems in computational science have multiple possible solutions, and deterministic models may miss important uncertainty, but adding randomness to the model can help reach a point where remaining error is unavoidable.
1476h agoA multiscale kinetic framework uses interacting particles to segment images by characterising each pixel's position and color information.
1476h agoThe quasi-steady state approximation misestimates the duration of transitions and the onset of oscillations in biological systems because it overlooks the effects of relaxation processes.
1476h agoTwo super-integrable systems and their super Hamiltonian structure are constructed on the loop algebra of the Lie superalgebra osp(1,6) using the supertrace identity.
1476h agoComplex-valued bidirectional associative memory neural networks with fractional-order dynamics and delays can exhibit transient instabilities that degrade synchronization and predictability, but a unified framework assesses stability, synchronization, and predictability in such networks.
1476h agoNecessary and sufficient conditions are provided for maps to be pentagon maps if they satisfy associative-like conditions on families of n-ary magmas.
1476h agoTruncating the Grunwald-Letnikov memory term in a fractional Duffing oscillator changes the dynamics, requiring a specific memory threshold to preserve coherence, which depends on forcing amplitude, fractional order, and nonlinear sensitivity.
1476h agoDisorder breaks permutation symmetry in quantum many-body systems, causing a continuous phase transition from area law to volume law entanglement controlled by the degree of chaos.
1476h agoMode collapse in generative modeling happens when a model's internal trajectory becomes confined to a low-dimensional region of its representation space, and this can be addressed with Reinforced Mode Regulation (RMR), a method that regulates dominant self-reinforcing directions to reduce mode collapse.
1476h agoThree graph observables can distinguish between distinct classes of causal sets.
1476h agoInteractions, topology, and disorder create topological Anderson insulating phases in the spinful Haldane model, including an antiferromagnetic phase with a specific topological characteristic.
1476h agoA systematic benchmark of MACE potentials for iron-nickel alloys shows that a model trained on a dataset of disordered structures accurately predicts structural, elastic, magnetic, and finite-temperature properties, outperforming other models in most cases.
1476h agoCell fate transitions in multicellular organisms follow universal decision-making classes, with experimental data showing that gene expression dynamics are consistent with low-dimensional cell fate landscapes.
1476h agoQuantum chaotic systems generate entanglement at different rates depending on their microscopic chaotic dynamics, with the rate of entanglement growth serving as a probe of scrambling.
1476h agoNoisy monitored quantum circuits provide a framework for understanding quantum dynamics in realistic environments, revealing universal scaling behaviors and information-protection capabilities.
1476h agoExcessive pre-training can slow down fine-tuning optimization, even when the pre-training and downstream tasks are well aligned.
1476h agoMode collapse in generative modeling happens when a model's internal trajectory becomes confined to a low-dimensional region of its representation space, and this can be addressed with Reinforced Mode Regulation (RMR), a method that regulates dominant self-reinforcing directions to reduce mode collapse.
1476h agoA Bayesian CT reconstruction algorithm based on the Markov random field model outperforms filtered back projection under low-dose and sparse-view conditions, enabling better reconstruction of internal structures from limited projection data.
1476h agoDistinct neural populations in the prelimbic cortex track reward pursuit, and a single population does not drive behavior across different tasks assessing motivation.
1476h agoCombining different neural network architectures, such as CNNs, LSTMs, and GCNs, improves the reconstruction of speech envelopes from EEG signals, with hybrid designs like CNN-LSTM and CNN-GCN-LSTM achieving competitive or superior performance.
1476h agoRepeated transcranial magnetic stimulation induces a microglia-dependent adaptive response in pyramidal neurons, characterized by reduced synaptic connectivity and changed microglial functions.
1476h agoCortical spreading depressions cause time-dependent changes in resting-state functional connectivity that are linked to pain processing and modified by medications for migraine.
1476h agoCircular RNAs play a distinct regulatory role in psychiatric disorders, linking genetic risk to synaptic biology, brain structure, and cognition through disease-specific expression and imaging associations.
1476h agoMyelin loss in specific brain pathways during aging disrupts the coordination of long-range neuronal assemblies, leading to cognitive decline.
1480h agoThe neural network in the insect antennal lobe uses two distinct pathways, a feedforward and a recurrent pathway, to generate OFF responses after a stimulus is removed.
1480h agoThe G-protein-subtype Gz helps determine the length of the daily rest period by shaping the circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
1480h agoNeurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's, are linked to changes in bone health and cellular aging through sex-dependent alterations in certain proteins.
1480h agoA single lentivirus with a specific promoter and plasmid design achieves high transduction efficiency in iPSC-derived microglia and macrophages.
1480h agoHuman sympathetic neurons derived from stem cells recapitulate key physiological features of native counterparts and show that GIRK channels play a crucial role in regulating their excitability through autoregulation and parasympathetic crosstalk.
1480h agoAlternative splicing of Cadps generates nociceptor-selective CaV2.2 regulation, which underlies inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
1480h agoIncorporating inhibition into a deep model for neural prediction maintains predictive performance and encourages the learning of biologically plausible kernels.
1480h agoDrowsiness causes fluctuations in performance during monotonous tasks, linked to coordinated activity changes across the brain's arousal system, specifically a sequence of suppression and reactivation led by the hypothalamus and brainstem.
1480h agoGreater viewpoint diversity in training data improves a neural network's ability to recognize objects from novel viewpoints, and leads the network to prioritize shape over texture, similar to human object recognition.
1480h agoRemapping, a mechanism for keeping perception stable during eye movements, updates retinal positions uniformly across the visual space without changing the receptive field sizes of cells.
1480h agoAutoantibodies targeting AMPA receptors disrupt synaptic signaling in the brain, leading to severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, and humoral autoimmune responses directly in the central nervous system drive disease progression.
1480h agoThe brain's prefrontal cortex coordinates brain activity through complex interactions between regions to support rich perceptual experience, with sensory experience and modality influencing the way information is processed.
1480h agoThe dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex neurons participate in dynamic and heterogeneous large-scale functional organization during naturalistic episodic processing.
1480h agoThe mouse superficial superior colliculus contains visual-field-dependent circuit modules that process visual information from the upper and lower visual fields differently.
1480h agoO-GlcNAcylation of Tau protein reduces its aggregation, seeding capacity, and toxicity, and plays a protective role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
1480h agoZebrafish achieve complete functional recovery from spinal cord injury through a miRNA-mediated regulation of Ependymo-radial glial cell proliferation involving the dre-miR-N1 and or42a1 genes.
1480h agoThalamocortical axons produce glutamate that helps determine the number and type of layer 4 neurons in the sensory cortex before forming synapses.
1480h agoMyelin abnormalities lead to severe motor, sensory, and cognitive impairment, and a new machine learning framework shows that reduced myelin thickness and length correlate with changes in mitochondrial density and periaxonal area.
1480h agoChanging one's mind leads to better outcomes, and this process involves distinct neural representations in the hippocampus that predict the final choice.
1480h agoIncreasing spontaneous gamma oscillations in the parieto-occipital region reduces pain perception, and this can be achieved through a novel neurofeedback training protocol.
1480h agoAI can democratize knowledge work, and intervention strategies can address social and place-based divides.
1488h agoAstrocytes modulate complex brain functions by operating as a multilayered system of functional units across multiple spatial scales.
1492h agoA set of 12 proteins in the blood, combined with clinical variables, can predict worsening cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury patients, and a distinct neuronal-synaptic injury network is associated with early edema progression.
1496h agoIconicity in spoken language is linked to speech acoustics for both real words and pseudowords.
1496h agoBrain activity in certain areas, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, increases before a person regains consciousness after general anesthesia, indicating that these regions may play a role in restoring responsiveness.
1496h agoRandom neural networks can account for the low dimensionality of activity in neural population recordings when factors like finite measurement time and variability across behavioral contexts are included.
1500h agoThe Sensation Modulating Network (SMN) architecture reconciles the cognitivism-4E debate by proposing a whole-body cognitive agent organized by opponent dynamics, which enables recursion, language, and embodiment.
1500h agoSimilarity-Based Representation Factorization (SRF) recovers low-dimensional, interpretable embeddings from similarity matrices, enabling the discovery of underlying dimensions that shape representations in diverse fields.
1500h agoNeural networks develop structurally similar representations across different architectures, training protocols, and datasets, and this alignment varies with signal-to-noise ratio and training sample size in a non-trivial way.
1500h agoThe Probabilistic Recurrent Intention Switching Model (PRISM) recovers reward functions from observed behavior by mapping observation history to a per-step intention distribution, allowing it to capture goal switching within an episode.
1500h agoSpeech representations work better or worse in assessing cognitive impairment depending on the type of cognitive task and level of assessment.
1500h agoMoDAl, a new framework, discovers complementary neural modalities that improve decoding of intended speech from neural activity, reducing word error rate to 21.6%.
1500h agoThe human brain remaps object representations based on their role in a scene, with objects as action targets engaging a parietal action network and passive objects engaging a visual object recognition network.
1500h agoThe driven van der Pol oscillator's dynamics reveal the birth and metamorphoses of $1:1$ and $1:3$ resonances through amplitude-frequency response implicit functions.
1500h agoThe Strong Trajectorial Ontological Differentiation (STOD) identifies phase-space structures by comparing trajectories through a component-wise cancellation process.
1500h agoNonlinear mean-flow damping and viscous damping have different effects on the dynamics of higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger systems, with nonlinear mean-flow damping leading to persistent organized Floquet-band structure and viscous damping causing repeated Floquet band reconnection.
1500h agoThe recurrence dynamics of x-periodic anomalous waves in the quasi one-dimensional regime exhibit O(1) differences among different multidimensional nonlinear Schrödinger models.
1500h agoTwo integrable systems are constructed in a 2 + 1-dimensional space, each involving two evolutions with negative numbers.
1500h agoA diagnostic test shows that second-order statistics do not determine cross-resolution increment geometry, and represented flows can have distinct geometries even with similar statistical properties.
1500h agoA novel framework uses differentiable programming to stabilize low-rank POD-Galerkin models of chaotic flows, achieving high efficiency and accuracy with a small number of modes.
1500h agoParametric driving induces spatiotemporal ordering in the one-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova model, characterized by a subharmonic frequency and nontrivial wavenumber that depends on vibration strength and frequency.
1500h agoA class of nonlinear moving boundary problems admits exact solutions through a hybrid symmetry ansatz.
1500h agoMany-body systems with explicit subsystem structure have characteristics different from single-particle theory, with periodic orbit theory and central limit theorem revealing spectral correlations and residual synchronous time translations.
1500h agoThe thermal conductivity of low-dimensional nanoscale systems in nonequilibrium steady states is connected to the canonical motion of the Toda lattice in equilibrium through a hypothetical condition.
1500h agoThe proposed framework infers the coupling strength and natural frequency distribution in a coupled Stuart-Landau oscillator system using observations of linear response.
1500h agoA simple nonlinear differential equation describes the global population growth over the past 12,000 years and predicts future scenarios, including one where the global population could halve by 2064.
1500h agoMulti-dimensional chaos applies to processes with erratic functions of several dynamical variables and shows patterns in classical and quantum scattering, with scattering angle and number of bounces following specific distributions.
1500h agoPopulation growth can lead to environmental changes that cause boom-bust dynamics, where a population overshoots its limit and collapses, and a new framework explains how noise and timescale ratios govern this process.
1500h agoA mathematical model shows that rule-breaking behaviors in societies persist due to individual benefits, institutional punishment, and social sanctions, and that changes in enforcement, social tolerance, or perceived benefits can shift the system towards compliance or noncompliance.
1500h agoComplex structures emerge from homogeneous states as entropy growth and ordering are balanced through a unified framework that describes how coarse-grained spatial fields become more ordered while full phase-space descriptions become more complex.
1500h agoAn optomechanical oscillator can act as a physical reservoir for computation, performing nonlinear transformations, retaining short-term memory, and handling tasks like function reconstruction, time series prediction, and spoken digit classification.
1500h agoThe ultrametric properties of RNA secondary structures with the maximum number of base pairs vary widely among 18 natural small nuclear RNAs, and permuting the nucleotide sequence can strongly change these properties.
1500h agoHeat effects in glassy Te$_{75}$Ge$_{15}$Ga$_{10}$ are quantitatively linked to shear moduli relaxation, and this relationship can describe exo- and endothermal reactions using shear modulus data.
1500h agoHigh shortest path multiplicity in real networks is a natural result of local evolution rules.
1500h agoRandom neural networks can account for the low dimensionality of activity in neural population recordings when factors like finite measurement time and variability across behavioral contexts are included.
1500h agoNeural networks develop structurally similar representations across different architectures, training protocols, and datasets, and this alignment varies with signal-to-noise ratio and training sample size in a non-trivial way.
1500h agoMinimal U-turn dynamics undergoes an ergodicity-breaking phase transition driven by fragmentation of the data manifold when sampling from high-dimensional distributions.
1500h agoA simple nonlinear differential equation describes the global population growth over the past 12,000 years and predicts future scenarios, including one where the global population could halve by 2064.
1500h agoTemporal noise that is constant within a Floquet period leads to decoherence-free momentum subspaces in periodically driven quantum walks, but fully random noise and topological edge states cause decoherence.
1500h agoThe quantum inverse problem provides a robust diagnostic tool for quantum materials, particularly for systems that exhibit metal-insulator transitions.
1500h agoNon-Hermitian systems exhibit exotic wave-packet dynamics, where the group velocity is governed by both real and imaginary parts of the band structure, leading to unexpected phenomena such as self-induced Bloch oscillations and disorder-free jumps.
1500h agoPolymer-derived ceramics undergo a phase separation during thermal treatment, where carbon domains form distinct graphene-like sheets within the ceramic network.
1500h agoA multimodal imaging framework combining functional ultrasound, ultrasound localization microscopy, and functional ultrasound localization microscopy can repeatedly and safely measure neurovascular changes in awake mice over several months with high reproducibility.
1500h agoMuscle contractile activity, driven by alpha-skeletal actin, is required for timely maturation of postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, but not for early formation of the junction.
1500h agoNeuronal expression of synaptobrevin 2 fully rescues the lethal phenotype in mice with a deficiency in synaptobrevin 1, restoring normal growth, motor function, and neuromuscular transmission.
1500h agoCircadian modulation of the balance between excitation and inhibition in neuronal networks shapes transitions from normal to seizure-like activity through nonlinear interactions between network composition, neuronal impairment, and synaptic kinetics.
1504h agoCombining strategies to promote spinal cord regeneration does not necessarily lead to improved functional recovery, and poorly controlled gene therapy can even impair motor performance.
1504h agoDephosphorylation of LRRK2 leads to its strong hyperactivation by upstream activators, while phosphorylation reduces its activation, suggesting that strategies favoring LRRK2 phosphorylation may have therapeutic benefit.
1504h agoCariprazine reduces neuronal excitability and network activity by modulating Kv1-mediated D-type potassium currents, which may contribute to its favorable clinical profile in treating schizophrenia.
1504h agoDopaminergic signalling uses disinhibition and direct projections to control value learning and decision making, and disinhibition-based control performs better in learning tasks.
1504h agoHuman saccade selection follows cost-benefit computations, where people balance rewards against effort costs, with more effortful eye movements requiring higher rewards to be chosen.
1504h agoThe amygdala's neurons have visual selectivity that is linked to their valence tuning, and this selectivity can be predicted by models of the visual processing stream.
1504h agoDuchenne muscular dystrophy causes not only muscle and heart problems, but also brain-related issues, and delivering a specific gene therapy directly to the brain through intravenous injection can improve these brain problems, including cognitive deficits, anxiety, and motor coordination.
1504h agoMachine learning models using neuroimaging data can predict psychiatric conditions in youth, but simple models using basic factors like demographics perform just as well as more complex ones.
1504h agoUsing both T1 and T2-FLAIR data in FreeSurfer provides more accurate and biologically plausible brain measurements than using only T1 data, and a statistical method called ComBat can effectively correct for biases that occur when T2-FLAIR data is missing.
1504h agoLong-range phase coupling between cortical regions can occur without locally synchronized oscillatory activity within each interacting area.
1504h agoExtracellular vesicles from healthy cells rescue neuronal dysfunction and pathological alpha-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease models.
1504h agoCardiac signals help shape early brain states that influence perception, with heart-brain interactions contributing to successful integration of visual features.
1504h agoParkinson's disease patients with akinetic-rigid dominant symptoms have disrupted tactile-motion perception and altered sensorimotor network organization, characterized by reduced cortical somatosensory integration and increased subcortical-cortical connections.
1508h agoAdolescents have a heightened sensitivity to primary rewards and are less likely to be controlled by reward-associated cues, and this difference from adults may be due to changes in the brain's dopamine system.
1508h agoTyr39-nitrated alpha-synuclein contributes to Parkinson's disease pathology, and targeting this modified protein species can reduce pathology in mouse models of the disease.
1508h agoAging causes volume loss in brainstem systems, which contributes to worsening functions such as motor agility, cognition, and autonomic control.
1508h agoA new drug discovery platform designs oral, brain-penetrant small-molecule candidates that target ACAT1 to potentially treat Alzheimer's disease by reducing cholesteryl ester formation and promoting amyloid-beta clearance.
1508h agoOngoing changes in neuronal activity do not alter the geometric structure of population representations because random connectivity in neural networks preserves the similarity between stimulus-evoked activity patterns.
1508h agoPhosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate plays a crucial role in neuronal signaling and homeostasis, and its synthesis by PIP5KI isoforms is essential for photoreceptor function and health, with different isoforms showing partial redundancy in fulfilling these critical functions.
1508h agoInsight emerges from restructuring a world model, a process that can be estimated using a machine-learning framework, which decodes the timing of insight-like shifts and shows that different learning mechanisms are used for tasks of varying difficulty.
1508h agoMutual information estimators and Pearson correlation have different strengths in detecting similarities between neural evoked responses, with trade-offs between sensitivity and signal properties.
1508h agoCognitive brain networks are more vulnerable to amyloid accumulation with aging and in preclinical Alzheimer's disease than non-cognitive networks.
1508h agoFocused ultrasound technology provides selective and reversible inhibition of nociceptive pain behaviors while preserving motor and non-nociceptive sensory functions.
1508h agoThe brain represents sensory reliability through coordinated changes in neural response gain, selectivity, and variability, using a shared population code across different visual areas.
1512h agoSex differences in pain processing arise from differences in how neurons are modulated, not from differences in the release of pain-causing chemicals.
1512h agoCognitive load during initial motor adaptation interferes with savings in both young and older adults, but locomotor re-adaptation remains resilient to dual-tasking once stored.
1512h agoMicroglia-derived glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B promotes mitochondrial transfer to astrocytes, which improves astrocytic function and reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms.
1516h agoThe regional vulnerability index for autism spectrum disorder (RVI-ASD) is a neuroimaging-based biomarker that measures how closely a person's brain resembles the specific pattern of an individual with autism, and it links to stable and reproducible brain patterns and core autism phenotypes.
1516h agoThe brain's organization follows a hierarchy that guides information flow, and this directional coordination is altered in schizophrenia, with changes linked to symptoms, cognitive performance, and medication.
1516h agoAlpha activity in the brain carries information about the position and orientation of a visual stimulus, and helps coordinate communication between different brain areas during visual processing.
1516h agoMECP2 plays a critical role in Purkinje cell function to regulate cerebellar learning signals, and its loss disrupts precise timing, coordination, and associative updating in the cerebellar cortex.
1516h agoMutations in the CACNA1E gene alter the function of the Cav2.3 channel, leading to changes in channel activity at subthreshold voltages, which may contribute to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs).
1516h agoAutism spectrum disorders show broad positive correlations among motor, repetitive behavior, social-communication, and psychopathology measures, with a reproducible behavioral fingerprint linking these dimensions.
1516h agoThe brain stores working memory information in a way that combines abstract and concrete-visual representations, even in early visual areas.
1516h agoLoss of hearing above 8 kHz contributes to speech intelligibility problems by affecting neural responses in the auditory cortex, and this highlights the need to include extended high-frequency hearing in audiological assessments and hearing aid design.
1520h agoLight regulates mood and circadian rhythms through different mechanisms, with Per1 in the lateral habenula involved in mood improvement and Per1 in the suprachiasmatic nuclei involved in circadian phase shifting.
1520h agoA new strategy using a modified vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVdG) allows for one-step anterograde tracing of neural circuits, but its use is limited by viral toxicity, innate immunity, and labeling of non-neuronal cells.
1520h agoFemale mice show increased addiction-like behavior to cannabinoids, with a specific epigenetic signature in the brain associated with this increased vulnerability.
1520h agoFunctional alignment methods, particularly Optimal Transport, improve decoding brain activity across subjects by constructing a shared functional space.
1520h agoThe geometry of a metamaterial can be optimized to improve sensing accuracy by reshaping external stimuli into internal signals that are easier for a neural network to interpret.
1524h agoMetacognition provides a framework for generative AI systems to effectively govern their own activity by evaluating output generation and regulating their capacities.
1524h agoA single quantity, a scalar residual, drives an agent's ability to act, learn, and coordinate with others by determining when the situation exceeds what the agent can currently represent.
1524h agoResource constraints in breadth, depth, and time can be traded off against each other to achieve a given level of accuracy in artificial intelligent systems.
1524h agoThe novel cloud-function formalism describes how large-scale brain networks process sensory information and create mental representations of observed objects.
1524h agoSpiking neural networks can be optimised to match neural firing rates and network oscillation frequencies by using a genetic algorithm to adjust their connectivity parameters.
1524h agoMaximizing entropy under task constraints leads to the emergence of neural populations with specific patterns of contextual gain modulation, matching the structure of networks trained with gradient descent.
1524h agoMachine Psychometrics, a new measurement science, assesses the behavioral, metacognitive, and communicative abilities of artificial agents to understand their capabilities and promote trust.
1524h agoA tri-modal contrastive framework aligns EEG, visual, and textual representations to decode visual information from brain signals with 54.1% Top-1 and 83.4% Top-5 accuracy.
1524h agoBrain-to-language performance gains can be traced to specific sources, including structural shortcuts, stimulus-evoked neural evidence, and contextual aggregation, rather than being inflated by non-neural factors.
1524h agoTraining neural networks to predict future word distributions using successor representations leads to the emergence of structured language representations, including separable categories for nouns, verbs, and adjectives.
1524h agoThe statistics of level crossings in stochastic processes depend on the full temporal correlation structure, which determines whether crossings cluster or become regular.
1524h agoThe rostral Pedunculopontine nucleus couples motor inhibition with reinforcement-related behavioral circuitry.
1524h agoBiological systems offer a repertoire of strategies for adaptive behavior that can inspire a new approach to machine intelligence, based on principles that enable robustness, autonomy, and problem-solving.
1524h agoNeuroFlowNet, a novel cross-modal generative framework, reconstructs high-fidelity intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals from non-invasive scalp electroencephalography (sEEG) signals, capturing complex waveforms and random characteristics of deep brain activity.
1524h agoAutomating sleep analysis using machine learning models can replicate findings from expert-based studies and facilitate large-scale sleep research.
1524h agoA framework measures and enhances metacognition in Large Language Models by controlling biases, and a new method called ESMA improves metacognitive ability, allowing it to generalize across different datasets, languages, and new knowledge.
1524h agoThe formation of pattern-forming fronts is governed by the transition of a slowly-varying parameter ramp between absolute and convective instability, which determines the front interface and selected spatial wave number.
1524h agoThe study applies Hirota's bilinear method to construct and analyze soliton and breather solutions for the integrable discrete Manakov system, obtaining explicit formulas for various interactions.
1524h agoThe area-to-mass ratio governs the onset and extent of chaotic behavior in low Earth orbits, with most reentry trajectories exhibiting regular motion over a 25-year timescale.
1524h agoDynamical systems have a lower limit to their short-term memory capability, which is linked to the size of state fluctuations caused by input signals.
1524h agoThe Kuramoto model with higher-order interactions exhibits bistability and explosive synchronization transitions, and a new analytical framework accurately captures these effects on finite hypergraphs and oscillator frequency realizations.
1524h agoChaotic dynamics emerge in collective-coordinate reductions of a driven and spatially modulated field describing topological kinks under certain conditions.
1524h agoThe generalized Wronskian solutions to the (k, m)-constrained modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy are obtained and proved to satisfy the bilinear equations.
1524h agoThree-wave interactions between waves of different lengths lead to complex structures, including spatiotemporal chaos, and play a crucial role in pattern formation in systems with two length scales.
1524h agoMechanical backscattering in whispering-gallery-mode resonators can generate chirality under reciprocal driving by transferring angular recoil through a movable scatterer.
1524h agoThe wave turbulence framework reveals that site-dependent spring stiffness and nonlinear coefficients can lead to substantially faster thermalization in the $\alpha$-FPUT problem.
1524h agoThe spatial separation between chiral zero modes follows a universal power law as two domain walls merge, with the rate of collapse determined by a topological index.
1524h agoModels with integrator-like updates make more accurate and stable long-term predictions of chaotic systems than other models.
1524h agoActive flows in living systems, such as dense bacterial suspensions, exhibit chaotic flows and anomalous transport capabilities driven by networks of attracting and repelling hyperbolic surfaces.
1524h agoThe Abrikosov vortex has an outer structure that varies on the length scale of the London penetration depth in the extreme type-II limit.
1524h agoThe thermal conductivity of nanoscale low-dimensional systems in nonequilibrium steady states is connected to the canonical motion of the Toda lattice in equilibrium through a hypothetical condition.
1524h agoDiscrete equations derived from the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation have rational solutions expressed in terms of generalised Laguerre and Umemura polynomials.
1524h agoPainleve' II symmetry reduction solves certain moving boundary problems of Stefan-type for non-linear evolution equations and linked solitonic equations.
1524h agoA new dimensionality reduction technique detects network failures by observing a limited number of nodes, using node fluctuations and clustering to identify failures in transport networks with diffusive dynamics.
1524h agoA local decoder for the 2D toric code uses ideas from hierarchical classical cellular automata to preserve a logical state for exponential time in the presence of circuit-level noise.
1524h agoThe emission of resonant radiation driven by soliton integrability breaking produces entropy in optical analogs of Hawking radiation, obeying a generalized second law.
1524h agoA new hardware architecture called aKAN enables compact neural networks with programmable nonlinear transformations, using nanoscale silicon devices to achieve efficient and low-power computation.
1524h agoA safety-critical control method helps balance societal costs with epidemic suppression by enforcing a strict limit on transmission dynamics, allowing for tunable exponential decay of the epidemic.
1524h agoThe operator Krylov space methods reveal that Anderson localization and the single particle localization-delocalization transition of the Aubry-André model correspond to distinct characteristics, including the presence or absence of a Porter-Thomas distribution, wavefront propagation, and spectral power-spectrum patterns.
1524h agoA lateral shift between two legs of a quasiperiodic ladder generates a magnetic flux, allowing for control over localization-delocalization transitions and access to phenomena such as magnetic-flux-enhanced localization and reentrant localization transitions.
1524h agoNon-Hermitian quasicrystals without PT symmetry can exhibit triple phase transitions, including localization, topology, and degeneracy-breaking, and also display a type of localization-delocalization transition.
1524h agoThe fidelity susceptibility in the three-dimensional Anderson model shows two distinct peaks as disorder strength increases, one signaling a crossover to single-particle quantum chaos and the other emerging at the critical disorder strength of the Anderson localization transition.
1524h agoLong-range correlations in non-Hermitian real random matrices cause a breakdown of the circular law, leading to changes in eigenvalue distribution and spectral radius, depending on the decay rate of the correlations.
1524h agoThe algorithm PTHR allows for faster simulation of three-dimensional spin glasses by outperforming other methods with a speedup factor of around 64.
1524h agoSynchronization in a network of coupled chaotic macroeconomic systems emerges based on the coupling strength and the degree of heterogeneity of both network topology and dynamical behavior of the nodes.
1524h agoThe Kramers-Wannier duality helps locate the phase transition and protects critical properties in the quantum phase transition of the transverse-field Ising chain, and it also organizes the dynamical phase diagram of entangled phases in out-of-equilibrium settings.
1524h agoDynamical systems have a lower limit to their short-term memory capability, which is linked to the size of state fluctuations caused by input signals.
1524h agoForce-matched water models based on hybrid-functional reference forces accurately reproduce structural features of liquid water, enabling efficient and stable molecular simulations.
1524h agoThe permutation model undergoes a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition that corresponds to an entanglement entropy transition between area-law and volume-law scaling.
1524h agoA novel derivation unifies the Marchenko-Pastur and elliptic laws as special cases, revealing that stability of hetero-associative memory networks depends non-monotonically on the number of memorized patterns.
1524h agoGradient Equilibrium Propagation trains energy gradients to enable Equilibrium Propagation to be applied to tasks where the learning objective depends on the velocity field of a convergent dynamical system.
1524h agoA new theory predicts the highest possible packing fraction of disordered discs of two different sizes, which depends on the size ratio and concentrations of the disc types.
1524h agoA framework called DeFecT-FF predicts the energies and configurations of defects and impurities in CdTe-based solar cells using density functional theory and machine learning models.
1524h agoA novel microscopic theory reveals that low-temperature microwave dissipation in strongly disordered superconductors is dominated by bulk localized collective modes arising from spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting state.
1524h agoThe Nishimori multicritical point of the 2D random-bond Ising model has three conformal boundary fixed points, corresponding to free, fixed, and random boundary conditions.
1524h agoCP2K's second-generation Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics approach reduces self-consistent-field iterations per step when its parameters are tuned consistently.
1524h agoA model of strongly clustered random graphs reveals that high transitivity in networks is accompanied by positive degree assortativity and a nontrivial clustering spectrum.
1524h agoScalable spin squeezing in interacting spin ensembles is achieved under specific conditions that depend on the properties of the interaction graph and its spectral dimension.
1524h agoPhotonic quantum technologies simulate complex neural networks by exploiting their speed and parallel processing ability, identifying three distinct regimes: memory retrieval, spin-glass memory "black-out", and paramagnetic phases.
1524h agoDynamic Resource Theory (DRT) provides a physical framework for describing self-organization in complex systems with limited resources, formalizing complexity as a property arising from resource allocation and reallocation.
1528h agoThe structural proteomics fingerprint approach can quantify the distribution of structural states of a protein in cells and tissues, and it reveals that alpha-synuclein protein takes on different structures in various environments, including a helical structure in human neurons and a beta-sheet-rich structure in Parkinson's disease patient cells.
1528h agoThe brain sends command signals to the spinal cord through specialized neurons called spinal-projecting neurons, which have a complex organization that has now been mapped in larval zebrafish using an optical backfilling method.
1528h agoMicroglia are the main reservoir of HIV in the central nervous system, harboring thousands of HIV DNA copies, and their infection is linked to changes in other brain cells.
1528h ago4-MU treatment reduces amyloid plaque, improves spatial memory, and decreases perineuronal nets in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
1536h agoREM sleep is gated by low-dimensional brainstem network dynamics, where opposing neuron populations in the midbrain and pons control transitions into REM sleep.
1540h agoFixation durations are affected by memory encoding, not visual complexity, when people look at natural scenes.
1540h agoCorrecting for inflation bias in reported effect sizes allows for more accurate study planning and reveals that common study planning methods miss half of the expected detections.
1544h agoVP cholinergic neurons respond to reward-related cues, actions, and rewards, and their activity is influenced by reward palatability and physiological state.
1544h agoThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome causes impaired migration of cortical interneurons due to excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, and dysregulation of calcium signaling, which can be rescued by the peptide hormone Adrenomedullin.
1544h agoKinetochore proteins promote the reactivation of quiescent cells and their regeneration by organizing microtubules and are involved in Golgi assembly in both quiescent Drosophila cells and human interphase cells.
1544h agoThe preBotzinger Complex's neuronal circuits, critical for generating the mammalian respiratory rhythm, consist of a self-exciting excitatory population coupled to inhibitory populations that interact reciprocally through inhibition to generate coordinated inspiratory and expiratory activity.
1544h agoActive sensing movements emerge from the combination of adaptive sensors, movement, and task-level control, and serve to enable control rather than achieve sensory goals.
1548h agoCognitive load theory and embodied cognition describe complementary processes that operate at different timescales within a unified temporal-hierarchical cognitive system.
1548h agoThe human brain remaps object representations depending on their role in a scene, with objects as action targets engaging a parietal action network and passive objects engaging a visual object recognition network.
1548h agoDigital twins of sensory cortex have different internal representations of visual information, even if they predict neural activity equally well, and better prediction accuracy correlates with more accurate and higher-dimensional representations.
1548h agoThe GazeBehavior Annotation Toolkit uses deep learning to quickly extract features from video and eye-tracking data of child-caregiver interactions, improving efficiency and scalability in studying attentional dynamics.
1548h agoTraining-language dominance drives brain-LLM alignment patterns, not the inherent properties of a language, with models trained on a language aligning better with brains that speak that language.
1548h agoSemantic features from large language models best predict how the human brain responds to language, and they also map onto distinct brain regions that organize semantic information.
1548h agoThe Cauchy-Lorentz family emerges as the unique connected two-dimensional family of continuous probability densities that remains unchanged under the transport induced by Riccati dynamics.
1548h agoCognitive science can build generalizable theories by embracing experiments with naturalistic stimuli, tasks, and behaviors, and using computational models that accommodate these changes.
1548h agoAdaptive axonal delays lead to frequency selection and explosive network relaxation oscillations in systems of delay-coupled phase oscillators.
1548h agoIntegrable observables retain integrability properties and provide alternatives to standard psi classes in cohomological field theories, yielding new structural features and proofs, including Miura equivalence and Witten's conjecture.
1548h agoLocalized and stable field configurations, known as solitons, cannot have a mass-radius index within a certain range, specifically between 0 and the number of spatial dimensions.
1548h agoThe open coupled-top Dicke model exhibits rich non-equilibrium phenomena, including photon loss-induced spontaneous synchronization, transient chaos, and two distinct scarring phenomena that behave differently in the presence of dissipation.
1548h agoPolycatenated ring chains support nonlinear wave propagation that depends on amplitude, driven by tensile activation and internal structural flexibility.
1548h agoThe one-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation features a scaling regime with a dynamical exponent of 1 at intermediate scales.
1548h agoAn adjoint-based inverse-design framework directly optimizes microresonator frequency comb spectra to meet specific objectives, providing a systematic and efficient route to compact on-chip light sources.
1548h agoLearning stability landscapes from graph topology provides deeper insights into synchronization behavior, and a graph-to-image prediction paradigm enables the derivation of scalar indices for synchronization robustness.
1548h agoLarge Language Models' opinion dynamics are shaped by systematic biases, including topic, agreement, and anchoring biases, which cause opinion trajectories to converge to a shared attractor that can be shifted by fine-tuning the model with opinionated statements.
1548h agoPower-law behaviour in the Random Field Ising Model on triangular lattices survives only at low temperatures or with small and intermediate disorder.
1548h agoPhotonic quantum technologies simulate complex neural networks by leveraging speed and parallel processing, and experiments identify three distinct regimes: a memory retrieval phase, a spin-glass memory "black-out" phase, and a paramagnetic phase.
1548h agoThe linearized update operators for commonly used optimizers, such as Adam and SGD with momentum, are generically non-normal, which can lead to training instabilities in deep networks.
1548h agoA model for neural scaling laws under sparse activations reveals that test loss is often dominated by rare coordinates that create a bottleneck, leading to a double-descent peak in the loss curve and a gap in scaling exponents between overparameterized and underparameterized regimes.
1548h agoThe Preisach Attention Layer (PAL) architecture uses a binary relay operator and a stack of local extrema to process sequences, enabling it to compute historical range statistics more efficiently than standard transformers.
1548h agoA fragile-to-strong crossover emerges naturally in glass physics as a consequence of the depletion of low-energy states in the potential-energy-landscape.
1548h agoScientists develop a framework that classifies fermionic dynamical systems using symmetry and topology, and find that only four out of ten classes can be realized with symmetry-invariant measurements.
1548h agoA two-lifetime model explains low-energy features of ARPES spectra in cuprate superconductors and helps distinguish between forward and large-angle scattering of electrons.
1548h agoA molecularly motivated framework connects large-amplitude oscillatory shear nonlinearities in entangled polymers to frequency-dependent nonaffine relaxation in disordered solids by linking the elastic response and strain-dependent relaxation through harmonic analysis.
1548h agoGanglioside species are distributed differently in mouse and human brains, with mice preferring certain configurations and humans favouring longer backbones, especially in gray matter.
1548h agoThe retroelement-derived gene PEG10 regulates the splicing of neuronal transcripts, which contributes to neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
1552h agoHippocampal astrocytes contribute to encoding context-specific information about aversive stimuli, with their activity predicting the magnitude of fear responses to a specific environment.
1564h agoASXL3 gene defects disrupt neural circuits by depleting brain thyroid hormone, leading to autism-like behaviors, but early thyroid hormone treatment and gene therapy can restore normal brain function and behavior.
1564h agoPeople with anxiety and depression tend to over-update their beliefs by mistakenly taking random chance as real changes, while those with behavioral addiction and compulsivity tend to under-update by treating real changes as random noise.
1568h agoCorticothalamic neurons in auditory cortex layer 6 play an active role in enhancing relevant sounds and suppressing irrelevant ones by adjusting their response gain according to task difficulty and background noise.
1568h agoThe brain regions involved in abstract sequencing form a coordinated circuit that is altered in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with differences in functional coupling, particularly involving prefrontal cortical regions.
1568h agoThalamic input drives neural variability quenching by co-activating excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which stabilizes neural responses and ensures reliable movement initiation.
1568h agoOpioids alter ventral tegmental area activity by activating mu opioid receptors on inputs from various brain regions, with GABAergic afferents showing higher levels of receptor expression compared to non-GABAergic afferents.
1568h agoMachine learning models trained on clinical data, biofluid assays, and neuroimaging accurately predict neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, with different predictors performing best for different types of pathology.
1580h agoMaintaining OPA1 expression protects the neonatal brain from damage after birth asphyxia by preventing mitochondrial impairment and loss of mitochondrial DNA.
1588h agoEarlier pubertal timing is linked to different patterns of brain connectivity in adolescents, with girls showing more widespread changes than boys.
1588h agoThe study finds that changes in brain cells and pathways during episodes and remissions of Major Depressive Disorder follow a progressive pattern, linked to genetic risk factors and symptoms, and identifies potential targets for therapy.
1588h agoThe cerebellar nuclei's excitatory output is mediated by two cell classes, Class-A and -B, and a new mouse line selectively labels Class-B neurons, providing a tool to study cerebellar nuclei organization and function.
1592h agoThe transcription factor Foxo3 regulates dopaminergic vulnerability mainly through microglia, and its deletion in microglia provides robust protection against dopaminergic degeneration in mouse models of Parkinson's disease.
1592h agoThe expression of brain shuttle targets is stable across brain regions, sexes, ages, and neurodegenerative conditions, but differs consistently among individuals, making receptor abundance a critical variable for brain shuttle research.
1592h agoGSK3{beta} activity contributes to the shortening of the axon initial segment (AIS) through microtubule remodeling.
1592h agoBrain networks undergo nonlinear, sex-specific functional reconfiguration at the regional level during childhood and adolescence, with females showing earlier peaks and declines in higher-order cognitive abilities and males exhibiting greater variability and protracted maturation.
1592h agoThe brain represents a periodic beat in music through a gradual transformation of rhythmic sensory input into an abstract representation of beat periodicity, involving the dorsal auditory pathway and associative regions.
1592h agoThe distance from criticality of local cortical networks provides a unifying principle that explains the diverse spatiotemporal activity in the cerebral cortex.
1592h agoThird-trimester-equivalent ethanol exposure reduces neuronal density and disrupts bursting neuron function in the dorsal subiculum, which may impair long-term memory and contribute to cognitive deficits in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.
1592h agoSchizophrenia is characterized by a constrained dynamic repertoire of brain network interactions, marked by systematic rigidity and a global breakdown in the brain's capacity to preserve diverse spatial configurations.
1592h agoAn immune engram formed in the brain after influenza A infection causes anxiety behavior and increases cytokine expression in lung tissue through signaling of calcitonin gene related peptide from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells.
1592h agoCorticospinal transmission during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation acts as a frequency-selective linear system, with inputs transmitted to spinal motor neurons for most frequencies and transmission scaling proportionally with stimulation intensity.
1592h agoTemperature and activity strongly modulate the conduction of sympathetic preganglionic neuron axons, with slower-conducting and branching axons being more vulnerable to conduction failure.
1592h agoA competition-based model provides a good fit to the duration distributions of brain microstates derived from EEG recordings, and shows that microstate sequences can emerge from structured competition among neural networks.
1592h agoSympathetic preganglionic neurons' spike propagation operates probabilistically, with reliability dependent on axonal subtype and recent activity history, introducing a mechanism that shapes and modulates sympathetic output.
1596h agoSignaling in a specific protein complex flows mainly through one part of the complex, and this affects how drugs interact with the complex.
1596h agoThe brains of literate adults have regions that respond more strongly to written text than other stimuli because literacy builds on a pre-existing neural scaffold linking vision and language.
1600h agoA unified network model shows that grid cells and place cells, which support spatial navigation, co-emerge through a single sensory-prediction objective, with their balance set by sensory noise and masking.
1600h agoPeople who have more frequent dream recall tend to wake up more often from REM sleep with long awakenings and less often from NREM sleep with short awakenings.
1600h agoThe gut microbiome helps restrain glial dysfunction and mitigate Alzheimer-like pathology by reducing inflammation, maintaining circadian and metabolic homeostasis, and supporting proteostasis.
1600h agoMotivation and task engagement change how the brain maintains information in working memory by altering the dynamics of neural circuits in the prefrontal cortex.
1600h agoPrecision Functional Mapping (PFM) effectively characterizes sensory and perceptual networks in adolescents, producing stable and clinically relevant brain networks, even with limited scanning time.
1600h agoPlasma proteomics identifies a core signature of 8 proteins that are consistently dysregulated across Alzheimer's disease stages, from preclinical to dementia phases.
1600h agoMutations in Presenilin 2 disrupt lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function in neurons through a pathway involving Gbf1, leading to potential targets for treating familial Alzheimer's disease.
1600h agoThe frontal P3 EEG component predicts lapses of attention seconds before they occur, and this neural signature works across visual and auditory domains.
1600h agoEstrogen replacement or NAP (davunetide) treatment prevents loss of physical force production in mice with surgically reduced estrogen levels.
1600h agoCtenophores have a conserved neural organization, with a ladder-like nerve net and condensed neurites, that has been retained across evolution, and this organization is linked to their locomotory organs.
1600h agoThe hippocampus and prefrontal cortex interact through the midline thalamic nucleus reuniens to support spatial navigation, with their communication marked by beta-band interactions that emerge as behaviour becomes goal-directed and efficient.
1600h agoGLOBE technology records single-cell activity across entire brains, revealing region-specific temporal patterns of gene expression associated with fear learning and memory retrieval.
1608h agoSynthetic oxytocin given to mothers during childbirth changes brain development in male offspring, leading to reduced social interaction and altered gene expression in the brain.
1608h agoThe suprachiasmatic nucleus transmits circadian timing signals to the dorsomedial hypothalamus through a direct pathway of sparse, molecularly distinct neurons, which helps organize daily behavioral rhythms.
1612h ago4-phenylbutyrate increases expression and function of GABA receptors with GABRA1 mutations, making it a promising treatment for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies associated with these mutations.
1612h agoCognitive engagement is best predicted by changes in GABA and acetylcholine levels in the prefrontal cortex, and by changes in dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the striatum.
1612h agoAstrocytic GPCR signaling, specifically Gi-coupled GPCR signaling, regulates fear memory retrieval by modulating the processing of sensory cues in the temporal cortex.
1612h agoLesions to specific areas of the temporal and parietal lobes reduce neural responses in the left inferior frontal gyrus, affecting word retrieval during verbal fluency tasks.
1616h agoNewborns' brains are tuned to their native language in a way that maximizes information transmission, and this tuning is not triggered by unfamiliar languages with different rhythms.
1616h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure causes anxiety-like behaviors, changes in alcohol intake, and increased mechanical sensitivity, with effects varying by age and sex, particularly in adolescent animals.
1616h agoMutations in UBE3A cause Angelman syndrome by disrupting the homeostasis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which can be restored by activating estrogen receptor-beta signaling.
1616h agoGenetic variations associated with brain waste clearance pathways are linked to the morphology of perivascular spaces in children aged 9-10.
1616h agoPaclitaxel disrupts lysosome trafficking and biogenesis in DRG neurons, and inhibiting MNK1/2 with Tomivosertib restores lysosomal signaling and may serve as a neuroprotective strategy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
1616h agoThe optimal temporal scale for neural information representation depends on the interplay between signal and noise correlations and their temporal decay.
1616h agoCanonical functionalism identifies consciousness-relevant functional organization with a system's canonical functional structure, which is the minimal state-transition structure obtained by identifying internal states that have identical future behavior under all possible continuations.
1620h agoThe spiking Temporal Memory model encodes sequence elements by representing their identity and timing through synchronous neural activity, and oscillatory background inputs control the speed of sequence replay.
1620h agoNeural systems attain criticality because it allows for efficient coding under resource constraints, leading to the emergence of characteristics such as power-law distributions and diverging correlation lengths.
1620h agoLearning rules align with brain activity in early visual areas across species, but alignment in higher visual areas depends on model capacity and training data.
1620h agoCognitive science can build generalizable theories by embracing experiments with naturalistic stimuli, tasks, and behaviors, and using computational models that accommodate these changes.
1620h agoAttractor networks emerge from the free energy principle, allowing for efficient and biologically plausible inference and learning dynamics that integrate sensory data, fine-tune connections, and minimize long-term surprise.
1620h agoThe brain's conscious integration of information relies on self-organized criticality maintained by brain-body resonance, which enables the unification of distributed neural activity into conscious experience.
1620h agoStride-to-stride fluctuations in human walking have a fractal correlation structure that changes from persistent to anti-persistent under external cueing, and this change is a genuine long-memory phenomenon rather than a short-memory process.
1620h agoSynchronization in a network of coupled chaotic macroeconomic systems emerges based on the coupling strength and the degree of heterogeneity of both network topology and dynamical behavior of the nodes.
1620h agoA utility-driven model of opinion dynamics shows that opinions with higher utility have stronger social influence and that opinion dynamics follow a Gibbs-like distribution.
1620h agoThe study examines a two degrees of freedom Hamiltonian system describing particle motion in a symmetric double well potential field, and finds that the system is completely integrable with a nontrivial monodromy.
1620h agoPainleve' II symmetry reduction solves certain moving boundary problems of Stefan-type for nonlinear evolution equations.
1620h agoThe Adlam-Allen model produces rarefaction and dispersive shock waves, which can be analyzed and predicted using a direct analysis and approximation methods.
1620h agoHalf-vortex solitons and their arrays can be excited with a nearly negligible number of atoms in a quasi-flat band, and they exhibit enhanced stability due to local symmetries.
1620h agoPairwise Distance-Diffusion Analysis (PDDA) provides a geometric framework for estimating the Hurst exponent from distance plots of long-memory stochastic processes.
1620h agoDissipative quantum chaos provides tools to distinguish chaotic open quantum systems from integrable ones and measures their chaoticity or integrability.
1620h agoThe authors derive and classify Frobenius manifold structures in Dynkin type A and prove a structural result about prepotentials related to doubly-extended affine Weyl groups.
1620h agoThe extension of spectral submanifold theory to delay differential equations enables data-driven model reduction of nonlinear delay systems to low-dimensional, delay-free models that remain predictive even for chaotic dynamics.
1620h agoAnalytic solutions to quasi-continuous-wave four-wave mixing in nonlinear optical fibres are presented using Weierstrass elliptic functions, providing complex envelopes for all four waves under any initial conditions.
1620h agoThe effective model based on kink position and width accurately describes the dynamics of $\phi^4$ kinks under moderate external driving frequencies.
1620h agoOscillators in heterogeneous networks can achieve complete synchronization at a small coupling value with an optimal set of natural frequencies correlated with network degree heterogeneity.
1620h agoExact WKB analysis is used to study second-order Schrödinger-type equations and Painlevé equations, enabling the explicit computation of monodromy and analysis of the resurgent structure of related functions.
1620h agoNon-Hermiticity parameters induce fractional topological phases in a nonlinear Rice-Mele model, even when conventional linear approaches predict quantized topological invariants.
1620h agoThe Golgi cisternae and endosomes assemble and control their size through a nonequilibrium process driven by mechanochemical fusion-fission cycles, resulting in diverse phenotypes and dynamic responses to perturbations.
1620h agoThe chaotic properties of Arnol'd cat maps coupled on a circulant graph show that increased graph connectivity does not lead to increased entropy production due to the graph's translational symmetry.
1620h agoModerate synaptic plasticity in a Hopfield-type associative memory network enlarges the basin of attraction and increases the maximum retrievable memory load, but excessively strong plasticity degrades retrieval performance.
1620h agoThe mutual coherence of a relativistic electron beam in a Coulomb-disordered medium is governed by an effective two-dimensional compact phase field.
1620h agoNetwork directionality reduces the complexity of percolation when connectivity is ensured by paths of length 2 or more.
1620h agoThe parallel minority game is equivalent to finding the ground state of an Ising spin glass, which helps understand the frozen configurations seen in stochastic strategies.
1620h agoDropout shifts the depth scale for information propagation to a finite value even at critical initialization, and smooth and kinked activations constitute distinct universality classes with different critical exponents.
1620h agoSite percolation on the diamond hierarchical lattice does not have a transition from a nonpercolating phase to a percolating phase, instead it exhibits a nonpercolating phase for all probabilities below a critical value and a critical phase where the size of the largest cluster grows subextensively with the system size.
1620h agoThe mismatch between smooth surrogate losses and discrete labels in classification training produces power-law learning curves, resulting in a slower generalization error that decreases at a rate of $\alpha^{-1/3}$.
1620h agoA random magnetic field on a surface changes the boundary conditions of a 3D ferromagnet, allowing for a new "dirty" boundary condition to emerge when disorder strength or local temperature is tuned.
1620h agoThe introduction of $p$-uniformity characterizes density fluctuations in spatial random systems, and conditions are established to preserve $p$-uniformity under transport.
1620h agoCoherently synchronized oscillations occur in a mirror-symmetric many-body localized system, with a synchronization transition happening when spin-spin interactions change, and can be understood as a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic Ising transition.
1620h agoA two-level dynamical mean-field theory predicts how outlier spectra evolve in wide neural networks during training, and finds that different parameterizations lead to distinct outlier dynamics.
1620h agoEntanglement obstructs decoding in the two-dimensional surface code with generic unitary errors, and can undergo a transition from area- to volume-law scaling as the error rate increases.
1620h agoThe circular current in Hubbard quantum rings decreases with increasing on-site repulsion, and its response to extended interaction depends on electron filling, with disorder modifying these behaviors.
1620h agoClassification error in language tasks decreases as a power law when the number of classes increases, and splitting tasks into smaller classification problems with the same number of classes can substantially reduce prediction error.
1620h agoA framework connects large-amplitude oscillatory shear nonlinearities in entangled polymers to frequency-dependent nonaffine relaxation in disordered solids by linking the elastic response and strain-dependent relaxation through harmonic analysis.
1620h agoThe brain of a zebrafish creates a mental map of its environment, which is made up of neurons that work together to represent space and are updated based on experience.
1620h agoACSBG1 regulates inflammatory astrocyte signaling, contributing to alpha-synuclein phosphorylation through specific cytokine and lipid mediators, and its deletion reduces neuroinflammation and alpha-synuclein pathology in a Parkinson's disease model.
1620h agoThe brain's cognitive mapping system represents a two-dimensional subjective value space of reward probability and amount, which helps construct values by working together with the value coding system.
1620h agoA patient-calibrated dynamical model combined with a low-complexity explicit controller effectively regulates beta activity in Parkinson's disease patients by tolerating noisy sensing and patient-specific responses.
1620h agoZebrafish exhibit a robust optomotor response to sinusoidal gratings, allowing for high-throughput measures of visual and neural function.
1620h agoA new approach called switching state space models burst activity in Parkinson's disease more accurately and with less delay than existing methods.
1620h agoA new framework combining leaky integrate-and-fire neural dynamics with a predictive learning rule achieves competitive image classification accuracy in spiking neural networks while using a biologically motivated local learning rule.
1620h agoVasodynamic propagation across the awake mouse cortex exhibits multiscale organization, with both tangential and radial gradients showing structured patterns of vascular regulation.
1620h agoSimulation-derived functional connectivity and effective information flow measures improve prediction of post-stroke aphasia severity, providing a more accurate understanding of the relationship between brain damage and language outcomes.
1620h agoThe ketogenic diet does not reduce seizure incidence, burden, or severity in a mouse model of virus-induced epilepsy, despite changing the gut microbiota composition.
1620h agoHCN channels regulate the medium afterhyperpolarization amplitude and firing gain in fast motoneurons, and contribute to the differences in excitability between fast and slow motoneurons.
1620h agoWeakly inhibiting mitochondrial complex I improves mitochondrial function and reverses behavioral deficits in a mouse model of schizophrenia.
1624h agoZuranolone mitigates delirium-like abnormalities in two mouse models of delirium, reducing electrophysiological and neuroimmune changes, particularly in inflammation-driven and age-vulnerable contexts.
1624h agoMonocular deprivation induces homeostatic changes in the intrinsic excitability of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons, making neurons activated by the deprived eye more excitable than those activated by the open eye.
1624h agoA brief exposure to the 5-HT2A agonist DOI reshapes population activity and functional connectivity in cortical cultures, moving them into a hyperexcitable state with altered network dynamics.
1624h agoThe brain tracks progress towards goals by extracting the rate of progress, with the midcingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex playing key roles in this process.
1624h agoSensory stimuli cause a switch in the global brain state, preparing the organism for urgent behaviours, through activation of the Locus Coeruleus (LC) nucleus and associated electrocortical responses.
1624h agoThe strength of visual responses in the superior colliculus (SC) better predicts saccadic reaction time than in the primary visual cortex (V1), and this prediction improves with more neurons recorded in SC, but not in V1, except for dark contrast stimuli.
1624h agoA deep learning approach directly maps critical white matter fiber tracts from routine CT scans, enabling accurate reconstruction of the corticospinal tract without needing diffusion MRI.
1624h agoRepresentations in the visual cortex change over time along a complexity axis, allowing for recognition of more complex images, and are driven by a possible local recurrence signal.
1624h agoMutant neurons in focal cortical dysplasia exhibit hallmarks of cellular senescence, and treatment with dasatinib and quercetin reduces senescence markers but does not decrease seizure occurrence in a mouse model.
1624h agoPeople process information about whether others care for them by using a type of neurocomputational processing called valence-partitioned temporal-difference inference, which involves separate channels to represent positive and negative attributions.
1624h agoCircadian neurons in the brain have different activity patterns during the day and night, and specific groups of these neurons control morning or evening activity, with certain proteins regulating these behaviors.
1624h agoThe recreational-to-habitual shift rate in drug use is related to economic demand but not to drug intake levels under normal and punishment conditions.
1624h agoActivity-dependent calcium transients rapidly reorganize key signaling machinery at active synapses, recruiting proteins Anks1a and Ubash3b to promote EGF receptor accumulation and signaling, supporting synaptic maturation.
1624h agoThe TREM2 R47H variant causes a mild effect on microglial changes during Alzheimer's disease development, leading to altered expressions of genes responsible for ER stress and intracellular signalling.
1624h agoConnexin43, a major neuroglial junctional channel, follows a non-linear aging trajectory, marked by a midlife elevation and late-life decline, associated with extensive glial remodeling.
1624h agoKif26a guides multiple forebrain axon tracts during brain development by participating in a conserved signaling pathway.
1624h agoThe amino acid transporter ANID regulates sleep in flies by detecting dietary amino acids and controlling the activity of neurons that promote wakefulness.
1624h agoPeople who are blind or sighted can form cognitive maps, which are mental representations of spatial relationships, but those who are blind form them more slowly and have difficulty translating them into everyday navigation.
1628h agoA comprehensive benchmarking study compared seven optimization methods for transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) and provides practical recommendations for selecting the best method based on target location, tissue type, and computation time.
1628h agoTranscranial direct current stimulation increases gamma power and phase consistency in the brain's visual cortex for up to 1.5 hours, while transcranial alternating current stimulation at 20 Hz reduces slow gamma power.
1628h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex represents the values of different options during decision-making, and its activity is linked to attentional shifts between options.
1628h agoOlder adults' reading behavior and its brain basis are critical to examine due to age-related brain disorders that affect reading ability.
1628h agoFoamy microglia are associated with the progression of multiple sclerosis through linking phagocytosis, altered lipid metabolism, and lysosomal stress to neuroinflammation and disease severity.
1636h agoChronic stress worsens physiological and behavioral outcomes in Dravet syndrome and changes the activity of specific brain cells, potentially contributing to neuropsychiatric comorbidities and epilepsy.
1636h agoThe prefrontal cortex is organized in a hierarchical structure, with a topographical gradient from areas that process sensory information to areas involved in decision-making, guiding context-dependent decisions by integrating sensory input with memory.
1636h agoWhite matter tracts are organized into groups with shared functions that match the main brain networks involved in cognitive control.
1636h agoThe inferotemporal cortex of humans and macaques shares a high-dimensional geometry in representing object vision, but also has systematic asymmetries in visual features, categories, and concepts.
1636h agoChanges in the brain during adolescence, including pruning of brain connections and myelination of nerve fibers, lead to brain activity landscapes where strong memories dominate, potentially driving psychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
1636h agoPurkinje cell subtypes, defined by specific molecular markers, have distinct roles in regulating behaviors, with some subtypes controlling motor behaviors and others influencing emotional and social behaviors.
1636h agoInfants as young as 3 months old show different neural responses to faces of familiar and unfamiliar social groups, and this response changes as they get older.
1636h agoRhythmic input improves working memory by organizing internal oscillations to track the temporal structure of the input, which supports encoding ordered information and stabilizes synaptic-state representations.
1636h agoNetwork structure with hidden symmetries allows neural computation to work accurately even with messy and uneven biological connections.
1640h agoRepresentational convergence in human brains allows fMRI embeddings to be translated across individuals through a universal latent space using geometric transformations.
1644h agoSymmetries in network inputs can make representational similarity matrices unreliable for analyzing neural codes, leading to different matrices for functionally equivalent representations.
1644h agoA unified recurrent network model shows that grid cells and place cells co-emerge during development through a single sensory-prediction objective, without needing supervision or pre-existing spatial-cell representations.
1644h agoTexture perception in humans does not align with conventional measures of how well convolutional neural networks model the visual system.
1644h agoInstruction-tuned multimodal large language models show a higher degree of brain alignment than unimodal and non-instruction-tuned models, with brain activity better predicted by models tuned to specific video tasks.
1644h agoThe Parallelized Hierarchical Connectome (PHC) framework upgrades temporal-only State-Space Models into spatiotemporal recurrent networks that integrate neuro-physical priors and achieves competitive test accuracy with much smaller parameters.
1644h agoCross-species computational models of the auditory periphery can translate findings from animal studies to humans, and a single computational framework was created to research sensorineural hearing loss across species.
1644h agoSerotonin release from varicosities shapes brain plasticity and network integration, and a new mathematical framework reveals that varicosities form diffusively coupled microdomains that generate spatial "serotonin reservoirs".
1644h agoThe soliton gas for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation behaves asymptotically like a finite-gap elliptic solution with constant coefficients as $x$ goes to negative infinity, and exhibits distinct asymptotic behaviors in different regions as time $t$ goes to positive infinity.
1644h agoNon-autonomous Hamiltonian systems with polynomial Hamiltonians of degree three, four, five, and seven have solutions that are meromorphic functions in the complex plane, and 12 standard polynomial Hamiltonians are identified.
1644h agoThe network exhibits positive maximum Lyapunov exponents during useful computational transients, enabling algebraic manipulation of transient lifetimes through network connectivity and initial conditions.
1644h agoDark fractional solitary waves exist and can be stable in generalized forms of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, but two-soliton solutions are potentially unstable with different types of instabilities.
1644h agoThe connection problem for a class of linear differential equations reveals a rich structure of boundary value problems due to multiple linearly independent solutions decaying at each singularity.
1644h agoHate content inspired by groups like ISIS spreads online through clusters of connected communities, and can transition from spreading to not spreading and back to spreading again as the number of hate communities changes.
1644h agoThe incompressible Navier-Stokes equations can be derived with a fluctuation-dissipation relation for nonlinear dynamics without linearization or structural assumptions.
1644h agoSufficient conditions guarantee that an integrable system on a manifold with a symmetry group descends to an integrable system on a dense open subset of the quotient Poisson space.
1644h agoBiodiversity can be maintained when species adaptively regulate their mobility through reinforcement learning, allowing them to coexist stably across a broad range of migration rates.
1644h agoA novel operator introduces a random walk process on a simplicial complex, allowing walkers to move across structures of different dimensions and providing a natural ranking of their importance.
1644h agoReinforcement learning offers a unified framework for understanding cooperation, trust, fairness, and resource coordination in human and natural systems.
1644h agoVortices on a curved surface called a catenoid move in a way that is governed by the gradient of the surface's curvature, not the curvature itself, leading to rotation and drift.
1644h agoA population-imbalanced two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a circular box exhibits a range of ground-state density patterns, including uniform, pancake-droplet, ring-droplet, and droplet array states.
1644h agoA new random matrix framework maps statistical-mechanical lattice systems to matrix ensembles, linking spatial correlations to spectral observables and providing a direct bridge between statistical-mechanical correlations and correlated random matrix ensembles.
1644h agoA new framework applies dynamical mean-field theory to highly heterogeneous networks, accounting for degree correlations and showing better agreement with simulated and real networks for survival rates and stability in the disordered Lotka-Volterra model.
1644h agoQuasiperiodic systems exhibit a discontinuous optical gap that closes as they approach a metal-insulator transition, and their low-frequency optical conductivity is strongly enhanced at certain resonant frequencies due to thermal activation of specific transitions.
1644h agoDiscovering discrete algebraic rules from data is formalized through Cayley-table completion, where the degree of associativity violation measures complexity, and HyperCube, an operator-valued tensor factorization, provides a differentiable measure of this complexity.
1644h agoPolymer-derived ceramics undergo a phase separation during thermal processing, where carbon domains nucleate from the amorphous matrix and form distinct graphene-like sheets, preserving the ceramic network's integrity.
1644h agoEntanglement entropy growth in many-body localized systems shows two distinct regimes, increasing and then decreasing, as initial entanglement is tuned, with the behavior governed by magnetization and inter-site correlations.
1644h agoNon-periodic structures make up over 96% of 7000 groundstate structures of a 2D lattice model of binary packing, and about 35% of these non-periodic structures show structural selectivity, indicating some level of order.
1644h agoAntimony sulfide (Sb$_2$S$_3$) shows anisotropic growth rates with the [100] facet growing fastest due to strong Sb-S covalent bonding.
1644h agoNewly introduced fields of dislocation, disclination, and incompatibility densities can identify regions responsible for plastic flow in amorphous solids and reveal separate rotational and translational contributions to plastic events.
1644h agoA molecularly motivated framework connects large-amplitude oscillatory shear nonlinearities in entangled polymers to frequency-dependent nonaffine relaxation in disordered solids by relating elastic response and strain-dependent relaxation through harmonic analysis.
1644h agoGenerative models memorize training data when the number of samples is small, but converge to the data distribution when the number of samples is linear in the input dimension.
1644h agoNeural networks can approximate a wide range of functions because they are dense in many function classes, including continuous functions and certain mathematical spaces.
1644h agoHyperparameter transfer is made possible by fitting a scaling law to hyperparameters or by using a parameterization that renders optimal hyperparameters scale-invariant, and researchers find that a simple adjustment to the learning rate of the embedding layer is the main benefit of the Maximal Update parameterization.
1644h agoA new random matrix ensemble, called the unitary analogue of the Rosenzweig-Porter ensemble, captures the statistical properties of many-body localization in periodically driven systems.
1644h agoA Lagrangian dynamical model captures human mobility dynamics using local population functions, and inertia and dissipation are equally important in the movement process.
1644h agoThe entanglement and information dynamics of quasiperiodic systems reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in critical states, which exhibit a stepwise ramp in subsystem information capacity and coherent long-lived oscillations, reflecting a fragmented structure of weakly connected subregions.
1644h agoDiffusion models can overcome critical slowing down through proper architectural design, and combining depth with physical locality improves their training time.
1644h agoHigher-order interactions in contagion processes are equivalent to pairwise mechanisms, and pairwise interactions govern the higher-order contact process at coarse-grained scales.
1644h agoThe study finds that adding random measurements to a disordered XX spin chain gives rise to new phases and phase transitions, and reveals a new class of strongly disordered fixed points that emerge due to non-unitarity.
1644h agoBiodiversity can be maintained when species adaptively regulate their mobility through reinforcement learning, allowing them to coexist stably across a broad range of migration rates.
1644h agoSymmetry breaking in photonic systems can enhance light trapping by strengthening in-plane nonlocal coupling pathways, allowing for advanced light manipulation and emission control.
1644h agoReinforcement learning offers a unified framework for understanding cooperation, trust, fairness, and resource coordination in human and natural systems.
1644h agoCycled reverse annealing on a 12-qubit Ising instance results in late-time subsystem autocorrelation that falls between two equilibrium reference processes at the device-calibrated effective temperature.
1644h agoModulation of 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors bidirectionally and dose-dependently regulates perceptual sensitivity, irrespective of attentional distraction.
1648h agoA spiking neural network framework shows that simulated neural populations can lock into a rhythm and anticipate upcoming beats through their natural functioning and learning processes.
1648h agoImpaired letter recognition in people with Posterior Cortical Atrophy is mainly caused by cortical visual impairments, specifically difficulties with crowding and global integration, rather than age-related optical limitations.
1648h agoA simulation-driven deep learning approach enables accurate and rapid reconstruction of highly accelerated 4D arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance angiography using extremely limited acquired data.
1648h agoReducing the activity of two kinases, DBT and CK2, disrupts temperature compensation in Drosophila by acting through distinct pathways that affect the phosphorylation of the core clock protein PER.
1648h agoAcid-sensing ion channels (ASIC1A) regulate defensive behavior by promoting interneuron activity during acidosis, and its loss shifts responses from freezing to jumping.
1648h agoA new simulation model accurately reproduces intracranial pressure dynamics observed during clinical infusion tests, providing a tool for studying patient-specific intracranial dynamics.
1652h agoA deterministically synchronized widefield calcium imaging platform unites neural imaging, behavioral monitoring, and virtual reality under a shared clock, enabling millisecond precision temporal alignment across modalities.
1652h agoBrain tumors disrupt neural connectivity in different ways depending on their growth biology, with meningioma patients showing more preserved neural activity in damaged regions and glioma patients showing degraded neural activity and infiltrative destruction of brain tissue.
1652h agoSlow pupil size changes affect the ability to focus attention over time, with smaller pupil sizes and specific phases of pupil dilation and constriction linked to better detection of visual targets.
1652h agoGABA deficiency worsens neuropathic pain after nerve injury by disrupting the balance between excitation and inhibition, leading to network hyperactivity.
1652h agoActivating NRF2 or inhibiting interferon signaling can improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating injurious and adaptive-protective pathways.
1652h agoEarly postnatal dopaminergic disturbance causes region-specific changes in the brain's transcriptome, affecting genes involved in brain development, behavior, and disorders such as ADHD.
1656h agoDifferences in study methods limit the comparison of gene findings across studies, but directional consistency of effect estimates shows greater stability across independent studies.
1656h agoGap junctions in electrical synapses are formed by specific combinations of connexin proteins, with Cx34.1 playing an obligatory role and Cx34.7 playing an accessory role defined by the postsynaptic molecular scaffold.
1656h agoLesion network mapping primarily captures basic properties of the brain's connections rather than specific circuits related to brain disorders.
1660h agoTau aggregates disrupt heterochromatin, reactivating transposable elements, which in turn drives neuronal death through ZBP1 activation, and reducing ZBP1 levels can reverse cognitive decline in tau mice.
1660h agoThe HELIX framework predicts full-length transcript isoform usage across different biological contexts by combining sequence features with RNA-binding protein expression.
1660h agoHELIX is a deep learning framework that models RNA splicing and isoform usage, and prioritizes genetic variants that alter splicing and their functional effects.
1660h agoThe hippocampus exhibits visual coding properties, including sensitivity to the size of visual stimuli and a contralateral bias, similar to those of higher-order visual neocortical areas.
1664h agoThe temporal statistics of presynaptic activity, not the pathway identity or synaptic placement, predominantly determines the functional weight of convergent long-range inputs to drive flexible escape decisions in mice.
1664h agoThe axonal connections in the human cortex follow an asymmetric functional-similarity principle, where connected sites share similar functional profiles, and are directly linked between established functional regions.
1664h agoThe prefrontal cortex prioritizes efficiency in working memory by overwriting information, but this approach increases errors, revealing a tradeoff between efficiency and effectiveness.
1664h agoBrainAge models built with both structural and functional features, tailored to specific childhood phases, accurately predict age and distinguish between healthy and symptomatic subgroups.
1664h agoDirectional interactions between brain areas emerge from how common inputs align with recurrent connectivity and internal timescales of activity, and are controlled by inputs to excitatory over inhibitory populations.
1664h agoParameters from biophysical diffusion modelling, specifically perpendicular extra-axonal diffusivity (DePerp), provide informative alternatives for connectome weights that capture meaningful aspects of brain network organisation with functional relevance.
1664h agoThe emergence of macroscale brain organisation in newborns is characterised by distinct patterns of functional gradients that differ from those in adults.
1664h agoLanguage models develop a persistent representational backbone, made up of around 50 sparse features with stable life histories, that serves as a carrier scaffold for the model's representational structure.
1668h agoThe motor cortex represents handwriting through shared kinematic primitives that can be exploited by decoders to enable the reading of unseen characters.
1668h agoA computational model of the auditory system can be adapted across species, preserving realistic sound-coding properties and pathophysiological alterations, allowing for cross-species research on sensorineural hearing loss.
1668h agoBrain alignment studies using fMRI recordings show that vision-language models and large-action models exhibit better voxel-wise encoding performance than reinforcement-learning baselines when predicting and planning in interactive environments.
1668h agoBCI-sift, a Python-based toolbox, streamlines feature selection in brain-computer interface research, identifying relevant neural features and improving classification accuracy.
1668h agoPeople with central visual field loss can point at targets using head movements, and their performance improves with larger cursor activation zones, but they need bigger zones than people with normal vision to achieve the same level of accuracy.
1668h agoA unified framework evaluates how well artificial vision models and human brains align by identifying which brain response dimensions are recovered by prediction.
1668h agoHuman interaction can increase the complexity of random behavior, helping to overcome cognitive, motor, and strategic biases that limit individual randomness.
1668h agoAssociative short-term synaptic plasticity depends on both pre- and postsynaptic coactivation and can be explained by a normative, information-theoretic theory that maximizes stimulus information under resource constraints.
1668h agoIncreasing the duration of video clips improves brain alignment with multimodal large language models, but not with unimodal video models, during naturalistic movie watching.
1668h agoAn integrated AI system detects malignant lung nodules and assesses their malignancy directly from low-dose CT scans, achieving high accuracy and enabling earlier clinical decision making.
1668h agoTransition waves in multistable mechanical metamaterials have quasi-stationary velocity plateaus when driven by gravity, and the number of these plateaus changes as the driving force increases.
1668h agoOdd elasticity in nonlinear lattices gives rise to new wave behavior, including periodic and quasiperiodic traveling waves, whose existence and stability depend on the interplay between nonlinearity, dissipation, and nonreciprocal elastic coupling.
1668h agoThe coherent coupler's complex envelopes for both modes are described by complete analytic solutions using Weierstrass elliptic functions, which also reveals a connection to a broader class of integrable parametric processes.
1668h agoAsymmetric dispersal and asynchronous dynamics in a network of patches can prevent predator extinction, even in identical environments, by sustaining chaotic oscillations through minimal connectivity.
1668h agoTuning network topology drives an ordered-to-chaotic transition in a neural-circuit model, allowing for programmable chaotic dynamics and task-specific reservoir computing.
1668h agoThe mKdV soliton gas of genus $2n-1$ has large-space asymptotics that can be expressed with the Riemann-theta function of genus $2n-1$ as $x$ goes to positive infinity, and has large-time asymptotics that can be described by Riemann-theta functions in $2n+1$ separated regions.
1668h agoThe Kuramoto model families related to bounded symmetric domains include the Lohe unitary model and spherical models as special cases.
1668h agoBloch oscillations persist in integrable quantum gases even without a lattice, with a generalized-hydrodynamic theory describing the oscillations superimposed on a drift caused by acceleration of the center of mass.
1668h agoGutzwiller's trace formula links quantum energy levels in classically chaotic systems to classical periodic orbits, providing semiclassical approximations for these energy levels.
1668h agoThe model exhibits a continuous phase transition at a car density of 1/2, separating low-density free-flowing and high-density congested phases.
1668h agoSpin-curvature coupling and a hairy black hole geometry cause massive spinning test particles to move in unstable orbits that shift away from expected paths.
1668h agoThe Fornberg-Whitham equation supports smooth solitary wave solutions that are orbitally stable according to a variational approach.
1668h agoA Reconfigurable Nonlinear Photonic Decision Network enables computation, memory, and learning to emerge directly from driven-dissipative dynamics, allowing for local physical learning, tunable stability-plasticity tradeoff, and controlled memory formation.
1668h agoThe dynamics of orthogonal metal cutting exhibit rich nonlinear phenomena, including stick-slip and stochastic bifurcations, which can be controlled by restricting initial tool displacement and workpiece surface roughness.
1668h agoA nonlinear kagome lattice has a dispersion relation with three bands, including a flat band, that can be reduced to nonlinear Schrodinger systems, which have soliton and solitary wave solutions.
1668h agoThe Recursive Hierarchical Network (RHN) framework reveals that evolution of complex systems follows an irreversible progression from structure-dominated to regulation-dominated to intelligence-dominated stages.
1668h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert problem for oper connections on a twice-punctured Riemann sphere is solved in terms of a single non-linear integral equation.
1668h agoThe study of two-banded, non-Hermitian random matrices reveals that the interplay between disorder and directional bias leads to rich eigenspectra with loops of extended states surrounded by localized ones.
1668h agoNeural networks with nonlinear activation functions can recognize hidden patterns in complex data because of their many parameters and nonlinear units.
1668h agoFluctuating volatility in multiplicative growth processes changes the Pareto tail exponent, with agents in high-volatility states dominating large-wealth events.
1668h agoOptimal persistence reveals the hidden topology of the landscape in disordered systems, with the canyon-finding rate peaking at an optimal persistence value that depends on temperature and system size.
1668h agoThe non-relativistic theory of mutual coherence and localization in Coulomb-disordered media can be extended to relativistic electron beams used in transmission electron microscopy, with findings that standard TEM energies are close to the optimal regime for minimizing Coulomb decoherence.
1668h agoChemical disorder in materials strongly influences their properties, and a new framework helps bridge the gap between experimental and simulation representations of disorder, enabling more realistic AI-accelerated materials discovery.
1668h agoNuclear quantum effects alter the structural signatures of the liquid-liquid transition in supercooled water, modifying both low- and high-density liquid structures.
1668h agoProgrammable quantum annealers erase preparation memory when the environment is large or strongly coupled, and conditions that retain memory can be identified using a diagnostic protocol.
1668h agoThe entanglement entropy of one-dimensional non-interacting fermions with monitored occupation numbers stays in an area-law phase, meaning no measurement-induced phase transition occurs.
1668h agoThe molecular changes in cytoplasmic translation drive the progression of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), while synaptic signalling dominates circular feedback dynamics.
1668h agoMore complex models do not better explain the link between brain surface area and intelligence in adolescents, with simpler models like LASSO, Ridge, and Principal Component Regression showing the strongest associations.
1668h agoEarly life adversity programs anxio-depressive behaviors in adulthood by disrupting glial function and metabolism through enhanced Gq signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons.
1668h agoOscillatory brain activity modulates the output of spinal motor neurons broadly across the motor system, with alpha-band inputs being partly selective to task-relevant muscles and beta-band inputs being more broadly expressed.
1676h agoAn updated set of Group-Constrained Subject-Specific parcels improves cross-subject coverage and functional selectivity in defining regions of interest in the scene-selective cortex in both adult and pediatric fMRI datasets.
1676h agoFast-closing f-Chrimson enables energy-efficient stimulation of the auditory pathway at rates of 150 Hz or more, improving temporal coding and spectral coding in the auditory system.
1676h agoHIV infection increases amyloid beta levels, reduces synaptic and neuronal integrity, and worsens Alzheimer's disease pathology in a new mouse model that allows study of both diseases together.
1676h agoThe ventromedial infralimbic subdivision of the prefrontal cortex regulates fear in response to within-the-body interoceptive signals via afferents from the subfornical organ.
1676h agoOptical cochlear implants enable near-physiological spectral resolution by directly stimulating spiral ganglion neurons with light, improving on traditional electrical implants.
1676h agoMulti-site temporal control of optogenetic photostimulation in peripheral nerves enhances firing rates by overcoming the intrinsic limitation of opsin photophysics.
1676h agoThe Hawaiian bobtail squid's light organ-associated nervous system is a complex segment of the peripheral nervous system that is highly interconnected and influenced by symbiotic bacteria.
1676h agoMotoneurons from mice with a genetic mutation for ALS respond differently to a common chronic perturbation, showing overactive intrinsic compensatory mechanisms that selectively affect passive membrane integration and spike initiation.
1676h agoNUGRAPH, a graph-based reasoning framework, corrects segmentation errors in large-scale 3D nuclei reconstructions by capturing inter-primitive dependencies and restoring smooth morphology, outperforming existing methods and reducing curation effort.
1676h agoStimulating a specific part of the brain called the substantia nigra pars compacta changes decision making and happiness in patients with Parkinson's disease.
1676h agoNeural responses to conditioned fear and safety processing change over time, with distinct brain regions activated at different moments during fear acquisition and extinction training.
1676h agoLauric acid treatment reverses corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice, showing a potential antidepressant-like effect.
1676h agoThe Interleukin-6 family members Il-6 and Oncostatin M activate a subset of sensory neurons, and this activation can be reduced by inhibiting specific proteins.
1676h agoThe dolphin external ear canal and surrounding structures form a sophisticated, multimodal somatosensory organ, integrating structural, vascular, and neural specialisations likely adapted for proprioceptive mechanosensation in the aquatic environment.
1676h agoThe functional role of transient high-frequency activity in sensory representation emerges through distributed, phase-dependent network dynamics, not from isolated local event properties.
1676h agoEmergence from general anesthesia involves selective activation of certain brain areas, not a return to a state of general wakefulness.
1676h agoA new system uses brain activity to automatically guide the timing and location of transcranial magnetic stimulation, expanding the possibilities for closed-loop neurostimulation and potentially benefiting neuroscience research and clinical applications.
1680h agoText-sequence stimulation in ear-EEG-based brain-computer interfaces achieves an average information transfer rate of 44.59 bits/min, outperforming traditional luminance modulation by 76.18% and effectively mitigating BCI illiteracy.
1680h agoA geometry-informed model fuses resting-state EEG and fMRI connectivity by representing both modalities in a shared cortical basis, providing a compact and interpretable representation that supports age prediction and coherent multi-view interpretation.
1680h agoEEG-based machine learning can distinguish between different meditation styles and mind-wandering states in individuals, but its accuracy decreases when applied across different people.
1680h agoSpatial learning dynamically reshapes the hippocampal palmitoylome in a temporally structured manner, coordinating metabolic and synaptic adaptations underlying memory formation.
1680h agoGLP-1 analogs reverse motor and non-motor deficits in a Parkinson's disease mouse model by normalizing striatal mitochondrial and inflammatory pathways and restoring key signaling networks.
1680h agoStructural MRI foundation models, particularly 3D-Neuro-SimCLR and AnatCL, offer a promising approach to improve the performance of neuroimaging predictive models in mental health.
1680h agoThe accumulation of orphan ribosomal proteins due to dysfunctional ribosome biogenesis is a molecular hallmark of ALS that contributes to the progressive loss of motor neurons.
1680h agoNuclear-encoded tRNA-derived fragments accumulate with age in the brain, specifically across multiple brain regions, and this accumulation is also observed under conditions of neurological stress.
1680h agoThe balance between excitation and inhibition in neurons is controlled by a unified principle, where the impact of inhibition on the soma depends on a neuron's dendritic susceptibility and the location of the inhibitory synaptic perturbation.
1684h agoHippocampal neurons update their spatial maps by selectively remapping high-value reward locations when the reward magnitude decreases, allowing the animal to adjust its behavior to the new reward value while keeping a stable representation of its surroundings.
1684h agoThe hippocampus encodes visual experiences into memory by processing the semantic content and temporal order of individual eye fixations, with fixations on people being especially relevant for forming memories of scenes.
1684h agoThematic reversal anomalies are processed similarly across subject and object experiencer constructions in Malayalam, but with a larger N400 amplitude for object experiencer verbs.
1684h agoA new sequencing method called direct RNA sequencing reveals that RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine, are linked to mRNA abundance and protein production in brain cells, and differ between Alzheimer's disease brain samples.
1684h agoBrain-behaviour relationships change throughout adolescence, with four patterns of developmental reorganisation in brain-psychopathology relationships identified from ages 10 to 22.
1684h agoAstrocytes trigger epigenetic changes and widespread gene activity changes in developing neurons, leading to altered neuronal firing and increased risk of brain disorders.
1684h agoMOV10 loss leads to enhanced fear learning due to increased GABRA2 expression in the hippocampus and reduced anatomical connectivity.
1684h agoVPS26B helps maintain glutamate receptor levels and improves motor performance in Parkinson's disease by regulating protein recycling in the brain's motor cortex.
1684h agoPeople with aphasia can rate the shape iconicity of words similarly to neurologically intact individuals, but their sensitivity to shape iconicity is disrupted by deficits in phonological segmentation and semantic processing.
1684h agoThe brain updates its representations of the environment state using dopamine signals to make better predictions of future reward.
1684h agoLesion network mapping reveals biologically meaningful and symptom-specific networks, and effectively controls for false positives across multiple lesion-based and task-based datasets.
1688h agoEarly-life unpredictability and anhedonia have opposing effects on decision-making, with unpredictability leading to poorer choices and anhedonia promoting better ones, and anhedonia partly offsets the negative impact of unpredictability on decision quality.
1688h agoThe visual pathways, specifically the ancestral pathway linking superior colliculus to lateral visual cortex, relay visual information to the hippocampus to inform spatial maps.
1688h agoHippocampal synaptic plasticity in nonhuman primates shows a lower threshold for associative plasticity and different molecular regulation than in rodents, with increased expression of plasticity-related proteins.
1688h agoSCN2A-related disorders cause variable age of onset epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and epileptic encephalopathies due to changes in the gene encoding the Nav1.2 sodium channel.
1688h agoThe lateral prefrontal cortex encodes the behavioral relevance of stimuli, distinguishing action targets from irrelevant objects, and area 46 plays a key role in integrating object relevance into executive control signals to guide action preparation.
1688h agoThe hippocampus plays a critical role in relational memory, and age-related differences in brain activity occur in prefrontal and posterior regions during encoding and retrieval.
1688h agoTranscript architecture predetermines the response of RNA molecules to external perturbations, with intrinsic features encoding the magnitude of modification loss and pathway specificity.
1688h agoMental image reconstruction works best when decoders use image features with few dimensions and include guidance from text-based and high- and low-level image-based features.
1692h agoSuperior spatial memory comes from a discrete stiffening of hippocampal population geometry, where the hippocampus maintains a rigid, crystalline geometry that allows it to store more information.
1692h agoVon Economo neurons help a neural network learn by providing a direct gradient pathway, and their absence can lead to learning failure, similar to social skill acquisition issues in autism spectrum conditions.
1692h agoFunctional whole-brain models integrate structural and dynamical realism with task-performing capacity, combining the strengths of bottom-up and top-down modeling traditions in neuroscience.
1692h agoMechanistically Interpretable Neural Encoding (MINE) framework predicts and describes visual features in natural images that drive millimeter-scale activity in the brain.
1692h agoEmoMind, a new pipeline, decodes affective captions directly from fMRI signals by combining semantic content with a 34-dimensional emotion vector, outperforming GPT-4 in generating person-specific affective captions.
1692h agoThe amplitudes and beat frequency of Temporal Interference Stimulation jointly determine whether a neuron remains quiescent, exhibits only transient responses, or undergoes persistent firing.
1692h agoLarge Reasoning Models' chain-of-thought generation aligns with human reaction times across cognitive tasks, and this alignment remains stable even when the models' reasoning effort is changed.
1692h agoPreparatory EEG activity contains subject-specific information that can distinguish between self-initiated and externally instructed attention shifts, with higher-frequency bands and frontal regions playing a key role.
1692h agoBiologically plausible algorithms that use layerwise self-supervised loss functions can learn the hierarchical structure of high-dimensional data as efficiently as supervised backpropagation training.
1692h agoCognitive science can build generalizable theories by embracing experiments with naturalistic stimuli, tasks, and behaviors, and using computational models that accommodate these changes.
1692h agoSynaptic delays and spatial structure of neural interactions lead to different patterns of activity, including oscillations, localized areas of activity, and complex spatiotemporal dynamics, in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons.
1692h agoSynapses operate at signal-to-noise ratios that maximize information efficiency, and this efficiency decreases when conductance deviates from its natural value.
1692h agoThe selectivity of most neurons in the brain's visual areas V1 and V4 can be captured by concise descriptions in natural language.
1692h agoIntelligent agents balance utility maximization and resource use by treating information acquired through inference as a resource to be optimized, leading to more efficient control in uncertain environments.
1692h agoDistinguishing between acoustic and expectation-related information in music improves EEG-based music identification when used as supervisory signals for models.
1692h agoTemporal point processes can be constructed to sample from discrete distributions, and this method outperforms existing methods, including birth-death processes and Zanella processes, in simulations on 63 target distributions.
1692h agoHydrodynamic interactions generate robust metachronal waves in larger arrays of eukaryotic flagella through stable phase-locked modes.
1692h agoFinite-size effects in neural populations introduce stochastic fluctuations in network dynamics that depend on the spectral content of the fluctuations.
1692h agoThe FEG-Pro framework estimates the largest Lyapunov exponent from a scalar time series by analyzing forecast-error growth and provides additional diagnostic information.
1692h agoPink noise in economic indices and natural systems arises from repeated synchronization, amplitude modulation, and demodulation, and is a diagnostic of slowly modulated collective coherence in complex flow systems.
1692h agoCollective adaptation in artificial societies does not improve with larger model size, but instead occurs in a narrow mid-scale regime that supports sustained rule adoption and balanced consensus.
1692h agoThe CKP Darboux transformations are used to construct tau functions for the constrained CKP hierarchy.
1692h agoThe analysis of turbulent structures in the COMPASS tokamak reveals that most negative structures are artefacts, but the remaining ones behave like holes, not like blobs.
1692h agoMechanical rogue waves are experimentally formed in a one-dimensional metamaterial lattice with tailored nonlinearity and minimal dissipative losses.
1692h agoNon-Gaussian noise from non-Wiener processes can be simulated using a generalised Euler-Maruyama method with L\'evy processes, providing a more physically justified and accurate representation of complex systems.
1692h agoProbabilistic cellular automata with strictly positive transition probabilities and a stationary Bernoulli measure are exponentially ergodic.
1692h agoEcological communities have a skewed distribution of interaction strengths, with many weak and few strong interactions, which emerges at the species level and across lineages, and is linked to increased community diversity and complexity.
1692h agoA simple local alignment rule between self-propelled particles produces a range of collective behaviors, including disordered motion, flocking, jammed states, and ordered moving clusters.
1692h agoA universal crossover exists from short-time absorbing phase transitions to long-time Kardar-Parisi-Zhang fluctuations in models with an active boundary.
1692h agoA new measure, called V-complexity, quantifies the complexity of a differentiable function based on how well it can be approximated by simple functions, and it can be used to define the Effective Complexity of a complex system.
1692h agoA population-imbalanced two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a circular box exhibits a range of ground-state density patterns, including uniform, pancake-droplet, ring-droplet, and droplet array states, controlled by the axial confinement, interaction imbalance, and population ratio.
1692h agoIntegrable field theories have a systematic organizing principle that explains how their symmetries persist across deformations, forming a Yangian algebra and Maillet bracket structure.
1692h agoDark soliton gases, an interacting ensemble of dark solitons, approach a finite-gap solution in one direction and a background of 1 in the other direction, and exhibit a cascade of behaviours as they evolve over time.
1692h agoThe connexion coefficients of different solutions to a matrix linear differential problem satisfy functional relations that identify a specific state of a quantum integrable model.
1692h agoThe probabilistic cellular automaton, defined by two Bernoulli random variables, asymptotically reaches any possible global configuration with a probability that depends on the parameters of the variables, and this probability distribution is independent of the initial conditions.
1692h agoThe correlation differentials of topological recursion are KP integrable for any initial data on a genus zero spectral curve.
1692h agoMachine learning models for weather forecasting can be improved by training them with a new method that takes into account the relationships between different atmospheric variables, leading to more realistic and accurate long-range forecasts.
1692h agoQuantum tunneling in an asymmetric double-well potential is governed by energy thresholds that determine detectable tunneling across the barrier.
1692h agoSpecies abundances in multispecies ecosystems modelled by generalized Lotka-Volterra equations are Gaussian at equilibrium in the weakly interacting regime, and feasibility is generically broken before stability for a large enough number of species.
1692h agoThe boundaries of cooperative helix-coil transitions in proteins are narrow, with a median width of 0.145 residues, and their precise location is limited by a physical resolution constraint.
1692h agoSemi-classical analysis identifies longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal instanton configurations that mediate competing tunneling pathways between four degenerate minima in a multidimensional potential energy surface.
1692h agoProjecting a stochastic flow onto spatial Gaussian kernels removes bias and allows for the joint identification of drift and diffusion from a single sparse regression.
1692h agoThe two-replica Chayes-Machta-Redner representation has a blue subgraph with at most two infinite connected components, which if existing, belong to opposite overlap-parity classes and lie in a common infinite grey cluster.
1692h agoThe spectral dimension predominantly governs the universality class of the Anderson transition, with mobility edges present and critical disorder strength evolving continuously as the spectral dimension increases from 2 to 3.
1692h agoAdding long-range tunneling to a one-dimensional quasiperiodic lattice changes the delocalization-localization transition, with stronger tunneling stabilizing the extended phase and producing commensurability-induced spikes.
1692h agoA new method, DF+RDMF, combines density functionals with reduced-density-matrix functionals to better describe electronic correlations, and it accurately predicts the bending potential of carbon suboxide, C$_3$O$_2$.
1692h agoNeural networks learn simple statistical features of data, such as amplitude information, before moving to more complex features, like phase information, and power-law spectra can speed up learning of complex features.
1692h agoCombining a specific type of wave function with neural networks results in highly accurate calculations for many-electron systems, separating errors caused by dynamic and static correlation.
1692h agoA new approach to computational materials discovery uses spatial statistics to create simple and accurate models that require minimal data and computing power.
1692h agoSuperior spatial memory comes from a discrete stiffening of hippocampal population geometry, where the hippocampus maintains a rigid, crystalline geometry that allows it to store more information.
1692h agoMaximum likelihood decoding is the optimal method for quantum error correction, but it is computationally difficult, so researchers use statistical mechanics, tensor networks, and artificial intelligence to develop approximate algorithms that approach its accuracy.
1692h agoCycled reverse annealing on a 12-qubit Ising instance on two D-Wave devices results in late-time subsystem autocorrelation that falls between two equilibrium reference processes at the device-calibrated effective temperature.
1692h agoDeformation of a graphene sheet generates a transverse electric current, and a deformation pattern with emergent phonon flux can bind electric charge through a direct electromechanical response.
1692h agoAdding an energy cost to bonds between occupied sites in a two-dimensional percolation model shifts the percolation threshold and changes the cluster growth from dense clusters to isolated clusters.
1692h agoDoped holes disrupt antiferromagnetic order in cuprates by forming localized Zhang-Rice singlets that mediate emergent spin exchange, generating magnetic frustration.
1692h agoThe Ising spin-glass model with correlated disorder has physical quantities that can be expressed exactly in terms of those of the pure Ising model at a well-defined effective temperature on any lattice in any dimension.
1692h agoThe Hofstadter butterfly and mobility edges coexist in a tilt-induced quasiperiodic potential on a square lattice, forming a "mobility-edge-embedded Hofstadter butterfly" with a fractal energy splitting pattern.
1692h agoThe exponent of scaling laws that compare cities does not describe what happens when a city grows, but instead reflects a statistical pattern produced by cities with different histories and growth paths.
1692h agoThe CHRFAM7A gene, present in 99.3% of humans, regulates microtubule cytoskeleton function, enhancing neuronal arborization and functional connectivity in the human brain through divergent evolution of the cytoskeleton.
1692h agoAstrocytes contribute to neurovascular coupling through the release of PGE2, with the PGE2 pathway playing a key role in the late response of blood vessel dilation in the brain.
1692h agoStress-induced tRNA-derived RNAs promote Tau aggregation and pathology, and inhibiting one of these RNAs, 5'GluCTC, mitigates Tau pathology.
1692h agoNeural dynamics in the 2-10 Hz frequency band across the brain reflect value-based decision making, with whole-brain activity changing from millisecond to millisecond to represent the values of different choices.
1692h agoPatients with autism spectrum disorder have decreased scalp-to-brain region distance, especially in the frontal lobe, whereas patients with Alzheimer's disease have increased distance in various frontal regions, and patients with Parkinson's disease show no significant changes.
1692h agoThe Categorical Bayes Filter (CBF) helps distinguish between environmental changes and chance observations, allowing for more accurate learning and analysis of individual differences in cognitive modeling.
1692h agoDopamine depletion in subcortical circuits causes widespread beta hypersynchrony in the brain, which requires intact cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic feedback to spread to cortical and cerebellar areas.
1692h agoPsilocybin modulates striatal dopamine dynamics and enhances cognitive flexibility, but its effects are moderated by nutritional state and prior activity-based anorexia exposure.
1696h agoTask-induced decreases in brain activity can occur with stable or even increased glucose consumption, not decreased, in certain regions of the brain.
1700h agoA new framework called multiplicative interaction channels (MICs) identifies how a third variable, such as behavioral state, modulates interactions between pairs of neural populations.
1700h agoMechanical reasoning does not underlie novel tool-use deficits in apraxia, and tool use is more likely to be an intuitive or automatic process.
1700h agoKilosort 2.0-3D, a modified version of the Kilosort 2.0 algorithm, effectively resolves spatial ambiguities and unit misclassifications in 3D neural probes by leveraging 3D spatial information.
1704h agoPeople tend to overestimate their performance on challenging tasks, and this positive bias decreases the perceived cost of cognitive effort, leading them to exert more effort.
1704h agoMachine learning models successfully classify emotional valence from brain signals, with a Transformer-based model outperforming a Convolutional neural network model in decoding emotional responses to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.
1704h agoWide-field imaging provides a way to monitor activity across the cortex with high temporal resolution, and can be used for repeated measurements in mice over extended periods.
1704h agoHippocampal sharp-wave ripples trigger a two-step cascade of cortical responses, including an early stereotyped response and subsequent spindle-mediated network synchronization, which supports memory consolidation.
1704h agoA deep learning framework called NeuroPupil enables accurate and efficient measurement of pupil dynamics across different species, subjects, and imaging conditions, improving analysis of brain activity and clinical phenotypes.
1704h agoPeople's ability to regulate others' emotions influences their fairness decisions, with those who tend to worsen others' emotions rejecting unfair offers more frequently and showing stronger neural responses to unfairness in social contexts.
1704h agoInflamate(R) suppresses inflammatory gene expression, improves iron regulation, and shifts astrocyte polarization towards a neuroprotective phenotype in mouse astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
1704h agoSpeed and surface stiffness independently shape stride length, stride time, and most joint and muscle controls, but interact to modulate the recruitment of specific muscle synergies related to weight acceptance and forward propulsion.
1704h agoImpressions of others evolve over time as new information is gathered, and brain activity patterns shift at moments of insight to update these impressions.
1704h agoAstrocytic D1-type receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell play a key role in forming persistent memories associated with drug seeking and craving by remodeling synaptic connections and neural networks.
1704h agoElectrode pooling preserves neural population structure needed for behavioral decoding, allowing broader electrode coverage to contribute to behaviorally informative population sampling while trading off some electrode-specific neuronal information.
1704h agoPredictive coding video models best predict neural responses in the dorsal visual pathway, specifically in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), as they capture how the cortex represents surface geometry from dynamic visual inputs.
1704h agoSpontaneous cardiac fluctuations can be used to estimate interoceptive prediction errors, which are associated with the amplitude of heartbeat-evoked potentials, reflecting cortical processing of cardiac signals.
1704h agoMeditation decreases functional connectivity across a broad frequency range, while increasing power spectral density, and distinct neural mechanisms underlie healthy aging, vision, and meditation.
1704h agoTractometry's accuracy declines as differences in scanner model and acquisition protocol increase, with varying levels of reliability across different white matter tracts and metrics.
1704h agoTMS-EEG recordings contain a persistent, non-neural step-drift artifact that affects interpretation of early TEP components, and modifying amplifier settings and using a specific processing pipeline can minimize this artifact.
1704h agoThe MNI-protocol yields targeting efficacy comparable to the T1-protocol, producing equivalent behavioral and electromagnetic outcomes.
1704h agoThe direct conversion of human somatic cells into functional neurons involves a rapid transition through a transient intermediate state, and human mesenchymal stromal cells can become functional neurons.
1704h agoOligodendrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson's disease involves inflammatory activation, metabolic problems, and impaired communication, and is linked to disease severity and progression.
1704h agoMyeloid cells are highly varied in Alzheimer's disease, and a specific human microglial subpopulation is found in Alzheimer's disease brains, often near dense amyloid-β plaques.
1708h agoOxytocin signaling regulates the maturation of neural circuits that control female mate preference by refining synaptic connections through microglia.
1708h agoMost cells in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain assembloids show super-diffusive directed motility during migration.
1708h agoA calibrated electrophysiological framework accurately classifies uncertain ion channel variants by identifying abnormal functional profiles in variants with reduced current density or gating abnormalities.
1708h agoPrior context facilitates rapid face detection in natural scenes, particularly for challenging images, by shifting the balance of information used from sensory-driven to expectation-based spatial guidance.
1708h agoThe superordinate task context is coded throughout the cortex, and this context accounts for the most variance in cortex-wide activity patterns, with its integration with other task features mainly occurring in specific higher-order control and attentional networks.
1708h agoStage-specific exposure to a modified medium leads to enhanced structural maturation, robust neuronal activity, and preserved oligodendrocyte development in oligodendrocyte-enriched cortical organoids.
1708h agoThe human cerebellum plays a central role in motor, emotional, and cognitive functions and is implicated in many brain disorders. becomes The cerebellum plays a central role in motor, emotional, and cognitive functions and is implicated in many brain disorders. However I will rewrite it to put key ideas first Problems with brain disorders are linked to the cerebellum which plays a central role in motor, emotional, and cognitive functions. However I still need to incorporate rest of text, thus I have A new Python tool called SUITPy improves analysis of brain imaging data from the cerebellum, which plays a central role in motor, emotional, and cognitive functions and is implicated in many brain disorders. However I can still make it better. Here is final version Cerebellum problems are linked to motor, emotional, and cognitive brain disorders; a new tool SUITPy helps analyze related brain imaging data by isolating and accurately aligning cerebellar structures.
1708h agoProtein language models identify mutations that improve opsin properties, such as increased photocurrent amplitude and light sensitivity, which can enable opsin use in low-light and deep-tissue applications.
1712h agoPyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta accumulates in Alzheimer's disease and engages a distinct set of proteins involved in intracellular trafficking, synaptic signaling, and mitochondrial pathways.
1712h agoMitochondrial immune activation in Leigh syndrome is not primarily driven by MyD88-mediated immune signaling, but this pathway does play a modest role in disease onset and progression.
1712h agoThe c-MVEP paradigm uses motion stimulation to evoke brain responses, providing a valuable alternative to flickering stimulation for brain-computer interface applications.
1716h agoThe Complex Brain Hypothesis proposes that the richness of experience is better measured by brain complexity than entropy, resolving a conundrum in the Entropic Brain Hypothesis.
1716h agoLayer-wise relevance propagation helps verify decisions made by foundation models in electroencephalography and uncovers new, biologically plausible insights into how these models make predictions.
1716h agoA predictive latent-space framework can approximate the observed longitudinal transformation of gait organization in a Parkinsonian participant under different occlusal conditions.
1716h agoThe Syncytial Mesh Model proposes a three-layered framework that explains large-scale brain dynamics by integrating local neural circuitry, macrostructural connectivity, and a slow mesoscale control-field substrate associated with astrocytic syncytial organization.
1716h agoThis review compares and contrasts three theories of consciousness - Integrated Information Theory, Neurorepresentationalism, and Active Inference - to assess their similarities, differences, and predictive power.
1716h agoThe brain processes different sentence structures, such as transitive and ditransitive constructions, as distinct form-meaning mappings, with neural signatures emerging at sentence-final positions.
1716h agoPetz-style covariant-purification quantum error correction gains are maximised at the entanglement-breaking threshold, with a maximum fidelity gain of 0.303, and provides a provable quantum advantage in certain algorithms.
1716h agoA novel network construction method enables efficient simulation of large-scale spiking neural networks on multi-GPU clusters and supercomputers.
1716h agoBrain-OF, an omnifunctional brain foundation model, integrates fMRI, EEG, and MEG data to handle both single and multiple inputs, achieving superior performance across diverse neuroscience tasks.
1716h agoLocal repulsive coupling between oscillators leads to desynchronization, but nonlocal repulsive coupling results in multi-cluster chimeras with synchronized and desynchronized groups.
1716h agoA modified effective model accurately describes the propagation of fronts in an inhomogeneous medium, correcting for the inaccurate predictions made by a similar approach using a half-kink solution.
1716h agoNeural populations in exact firing rate models display a range of behaviors, including fixed-point activity, heterogeneous stationary patterns, and exotic rhythmic states, depending on the type of neural connections and network topology.
1716h agoA new approach to finding integrable dynamical systems is proposed, which involves constructing and classifying transcendental invariant curves to efficiently identify non-Liouvillian and non-Puiseux integrable systems.
1716h agoAdaptive transport networks form through a pattern-forming instability that selects network density and spatial spacing, leading to hierarchical organization and robust scaling relations.
1716h agoThe Lie symmetry analysis of a coupled nonlinear cross-diffusion system reveals that the system always admits time translation and parabolic scaling as kernel symmetries, with additional symmetries possible in special cases.
1716h agoDuality transformations reveal equivalences between distinct models by introducing a generalised matrix product operator that intertwines two Markov processes via exchange relations.
1716h agoConstantin's explicit reconstruction formula for two-dimensional irrotational solitary water waves recovers the free-surface profile from the dynamic pressure trace at the bed with a stable error estimate that depends sublinearly on the size of perturbations.
1716h agoClassical transport equations with probabilistic initial conditions behave like quantum systems, exhibiting characteristics such as wave function superposition and non-commuting operators.
1716h agoParticles in a one-dimensional alternating mass system exhibit hydrodynamic behavior that changes drastically when the mass ratio of the particles meets specific conditions, resulting in a "staggering domino-like" motion where only one triplet of particles is in motion at a time.
1716h agoCollecting trajectory data, in addition to count data, can help alleviate challenges in determining model parameters when studying population dispersal using stochastic models of diffusion.
1716h agoThe projected process ensemble provides a new way to probe quantum chaos, and its higher moments reveal distinct entanglement structures that distinguish chaotic from integrable dynamics.
1716h agoA normative framework based on minimizing variational free energy explains how multiple policies or behavioral primitives are composed to execute intelligent behaviors.
1716h agoPlasma shaping impacts confinement differently at low and high power, with triangularity primarily affecting the scrape-off layer ion temperature at low power and the edge ion temperature gradient at high power.
1716h agoBoundary functionals of random risk processes can accurately calculate statistics of random events related to neutron behavior in nuclear reactors, providing important information for reactor safety.
1716h agoDeep neural architectures provide a powerful framework for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems and investigating disordered quantum many-body systems.
1716h agoA novel criterion using advanced AI modeling determines the eutectic point concentration in ultra-refractory alloys, and it is verified in the Ti-B-C system.
1716h agoEvent-based spatiotemporal networks provide a unified approach to generate emergent behaviour in complex systems across space and time by encoding system processes as discrete events.
1716h agoNeural populations in exact firing rate models display a range of behaviors, including fixed-point activity, heterogeneous stationary patterns, and exotic rhythmic states, depending on the type of neural connections and network topology.
1716h agoIncorporating physical priors into machine learning models enhances their performance in simulating complex systems, reducing the training burden and enabling simulation of larger system sizes.
1716h agoDynamical quantum phase transitions occur when a quantum state's return probability changes abruptly, and statistical analysis of post-measurement states reveals a framework for understanding these transitions.
1716h agoDeep generative models autonomously discover and internalize underlying physical laws, rather than just memorizing data distributions, when trained on complex many-body systems.
1716h agoThe entanglement feature of quantum many-body systems can be efficiently learned using a polynomial amount of samples through the tensor cross interpolation algorithm.
1716h agoSpin dynamics at low temperatures form long-lived patterns based on the geometry of the interaction network, which can be organized and reconstructed using a method called Topological Mode Decomposition.
1716h agoA new method estimates a machine learning model's expected output for Gaussian inputs without using sampling, instead relying on approximate representations of activation distributions to achieve the same accuracy with fewer computations.
1716h agoLocal topotecan delivery produces tumor cytotoxicity and a genotoxic inflammatory myeloid response that evolves toward macrophage remodeling in glioblastoma.
1716h agoDietary 1,3-1,6 beta-glucans reduce hallmarks of aging in multiple organs by modulating autophagy, lysosomal function, protein oxidation, and inflammation.
1720h agoTau ablation reshapes brain cellular programs in a context-dependent manner, exerting adaptive responses in the healthy brain and restoring homeostatic functions under vascular amyloid pathology.
1724h agoStructurally similar neurons form discrete, spatially coherent clusters across primary and higher-order visual areas, often aligning across cortical layers.
1724h agoThe brain processes words with meanings related to shapes in areas responsible for visual, sensory, and language processing.
1736h agoHierarchical linguistic composition drives the alignment between large language models and human brain activity during language comprehension, with syntax and associative semantics aligning similarly in both, but compositional semantics being more uniquely encoded in the human brain.
1736h agoPrenatal inhibition of DYRK1A mitigates long-term cognitive impairments in Down syndrome models by rescuing behavioral deficits and modulating gene expression.
1736h agoProtein truncating variants caused by UGA stop codons are a major cause of neurodevelopmental diseases, and a new approach using suppressor transfer RNA with a specific delivery method can effectively repair premature termination codons and provide sustained rescue.
1740h agoPeople's brains process rewards differently, with two distinct types: those who respond strongly to cues that signal rewards and those who respond strongly to the rewards themselves.
1740h agoMyelin basic protein helps transport myelin RNA into microglia nuclei, which plays a role in the neuroinflammatory pathology of multiple sclerosis.
1748h agoAnxiety affects how people recall spatial memories, with heightened anxiety linked to faster but not more accurate responses, and its effects tend to fade quickly.
1756h agoAdeno-associated viruses can be used to express specific markers that allow imaging of individual cells within 3D human midbrain organoids, enabling study of the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of neurons and astrocytes in living brain organoids.
1756h agoThe thalamus plays a crucial role in initial learning by dynamically changing its connections with other brain regions, with higher order thalamic nuclei, especially the mediodorsal thalamus, driving these changes.
1760h agoThe hippocampus' dorsal and ventral parts have different organization and activity patterns, with dorsal CA1 showing a left-biased asymmetry and ventral CA1 having greater excitability and synaptic responses.
1760h agoDendrite-soma interactions help determine where synapses accumulate and strengthen by forming non-random contacts between dendrites and the soma of neighboring neurons.
1760h agoA new method called coppaFISH 3D and CASTalign enables the transcriptomic identification of thousands of simultaneously recorded brain cells, allowing researchers to study how gene expression shapes neural activity.
1760h agoThe computation of prediction error in language processing is based on word meaning, not just statistical patterns of word form co-occurrence.
1760h agoHumans store complex sequences by breaking them down into simpler parts using a mental syntax of hierarchical programs.
1760h agoExpansion microscopy reveals the organization of cells in dense tissues, achieving 20x linear expansion, and when applied to COVID-19-decedent brain tissue, discovers periodic amyloid nanoclusters that co-localize with SARS-CoV-2.
1764h agoAAV serotypes 1, 8, 9, and DJ effectively transduce the Arctic ground squirrel hypothalamus, with AAV1, 8, and 9 showing higher cellular transduction rates than AAV-DJ.
1764h agoParkinson's disease is a multi-system neurodegenerative disorder with widespread neuronal loss across many brain regions and cell types, including substantial loss of noradrenergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons.
1764h agoThe hippocampal output circuits process information through projection targets, and a new method has been developed to map these circuits by tracing signals from the hippocampus to connected regions.
1764h agoPeople with Parkinson's disease have difficulty discriminating rate differences in speech, non-speech, and visual stimuli, and their intensity discrimination accuracy worsens with greater disease severity.
1764h agoDamage to different brain areas affects the types of errors people with alexia make when reading made-up words, with some errors related to impaired phonological processing and others to impaired semantic processing.
1764h agoArtificial neural network and convolutional neural network models accurately predict neural fiber activation for various electrode configurations in deep brain stimulation, outperforming extreme gradient boosting models in complex electrostatic fields.
1764h agoA new method using Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) precisely aligns local field potential recordings from Deep Brain Stimulation electrodes with EEG recordings, enabling reliable study of neural dynamics.
1764h agoBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment reduces neuroinflammation, enhances tau clearance, and improves cognitive and neurodegenerative symptoms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
1764h agoA new pipeline called SAMPLES creates a 3D representation of brain sampling protocols, allowing researchers to efficiently identify and utilize postmortem brain tissue samples for interdisciplinary research.
1768h agoAccelerated neural aging increases the risk of tinnitus, a condition where people hear sound without an external source, by affecting brain function and structure.
1768h agoA new calcium channel called HaloNeu enables non-invasive and long-lasting control of neurons at depths of up to 5.0 cm, providing a potential new approach for treating neurological disorders.
1768h agoRecurrent neural networks learn to judge causal relationships from a limited number of observations and form implicit beliefs about the underlying causal structure.
1768h agoThe DUET dataset, which captures EEG recordings from 36 French-speaking adults in face-to-face conversations, provides a new resource for studying the neural dynamics of natural conversation.
1768h agoNeuronal diversity and local connectivity help sparse brain networks compute with flexible, condition-dependent spike-order, avoiding rigid temporal patterns.
1768h agoThoughts-as-Planning, a novel framework, formalizes reasoning chain optimization as a sequential decision-making process, enabling more efficient, robust, and generalizable model behavior.
1768h agoA unified framework extracts functional connections between neurons, from external stimuli to neurons, and from neurons to behavior, providing new insights into how cortical populations transform sensory inputs into behaviorally relevant representations.
1768h agoThe thermosensory neuron AFD extracts behaviorally relevant sensory features during navigation by accumulating recent temperature changes and selectively amplifying responses near its learned preferred temperature.
1768h agoCoronary artery disease is linked to a higher burden of white matter hyperintensities in the brain, with different revascularization procedures having different effects on this burden.
1768h agoPreceding visual stimuli mainly affect response latency, while simultaneous visual stimuli mainly affect sound localization accuracy, with distinct mechanisms underlying spatial and temporal processing of sounds.
1768h agoTreatment with AIK3, a novel IGF-1 sensitizer, improves sensorimotor, neurological, and cognitive disturbances, and reduces anxiety in mice with traumatic brain injury.
1768h agoHigher levels of mitochondrial calcium promote retinal ganglion cell survival after injury, but paradoxically, decreasing mitochondrial calcium levels also increases survival.
1768h agoN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) upregulates a Batten disease risk gene, reduces lipofuscin burden, and modulates implicated pathways in brain cells, offering a potential therapy for Batten disease.
1768h agoA novel data-driven tool called BrainDiVE generates images that maximally activate specific brain regions, capturing generalizable neural tuning properties in human ventral visual cortex and revealing fine-grained functional organization.
1772h agoLocal sequential transformation is a key mechanism that both human brains and artificial intelligence use to understand speech by turning sound into meaning.
1772h agoAutistic and ADHD traits affect children's visual attention and physiological arousal in different ways, depending on the media context, with autistic traits linked to reduced synchrony during complex social scenes and ADHD traits linked to reduced synchrony during fast-paced, visually demanding media.
1772h agoThe topographic organization of fibers in the anterior limb of the internal capsule is preserved in treatment-resistant psychiatric patients, with a specific pattern of connections between the ventral and dorsal regions and the prefrontal cortex.
1772h agoMutants of the presenilin1 protein, which cause familial Alzheimer disease, decrease brain angiogenesis and neuroprotection by accumulating a protein fragment called VCTF1, which suppresses the activation of the VEGFR2 receptor.
1772h agoActin disassembly enables myelin wrapping by allowing membrane compaction, which promotes rapid and precise impulse conduction in the vertebrate nervous system.
1776h agoGenes associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are mainly active in the thalamus, cortex, and hippocampus.
1776h agoThe brain uses traveling wave-like patterns to integrate cognitive processes involved in vocal communication, including perceiving signals, deciding how to respond, and generating vocal output.
1776h agoOrganotypic slice cultures of mouse cortical tissue develop similarly to brain tissue in vivo, allowing for the study of interactions between neurons and glial cells during development, homeostasis, and pathology.
1776h agoAutism has two main brain dysconnectivity signatures, each linked to different molecular pathways, which are similar in mice and humans.
1780h agoAxon initial segments can be excited directly via specialized 'axonic spines', which boosts neuronal firing and acts as a fast track to route circuit information.
1780h agoTwo autism subtypes exist, one with lower brain connectivity and the other with higher brain connectivity, linked to different pathways in the brain.
1780h agoAn artificial intelligence model called HESpotEx predicts spot-level spatial gene expression from whole-slide histopathology images to capture tissue molecular patterns across cancers and inflammatory diseases.
1780h agoIndividuals with Tourette syndrome have a delayed maturation of brain networks, which leads to differences in brain function that tend to normalize with age.
1780h agoActivity-regulated gene expression programs in specific neurons exhibit distinct temporal trajectories in response to physiological stimuli, requiring specific molecular mechanisms and regulatory cascades.
1780h agoIndividual differences in bodily regulation, specifically in autonomic nervous system reactivity, affect the ability to learn statistical patterns from sensory input, especially in stressful environments.
1784h agoA new workflow called h-iDISCO+ enables the creation of detailed, micron-scale maps of the human cortical vasculature, allowing for the quantification of vessel properties and density across cortical depth.
1784h agoThe expression patterns of three cell adhesion molecules, PCDH10, PCDH17, and PCDH19, define functional territories within parallel basal ganglia circuits in primates.
1784h agoGreater brain volume in certain areas is associated with higher language proficiency in bilinguals, and more balanced language skills relate to brain volume in several areas, but this relationship may be driven by language proficiency.
1784h agoThe cerebellum plays a necessary role in the persistent maintenance of visual information in working memory, and disrupting its function impairs spatial working memory recall.
1784h agoThe language network in the brain is organised by different types of neurotransmitters, and damage to these networks in stroke patients disrupts specific neurotransmitter systems, leading to language impairments called aphasia.
1784h agoNeural oscillations use phase synchrony and amplitude co-modulations as complementary coding channels to distribute cognitive information across brain networks, with both redundant and synergistic components.
1784h agoThe brain's face-processing network is organized differently in autistic individuals, with face-sensitive areas often displaced from their typical locations, and this displacement correlates with sociocommunicative challenges.
1784h agoThe brain changes how it processes duration based on recent experience, with different brain networks being used depending on whether the recent durations were mostly long or short.
1784h agoExtracellular vesicles in the blood and spinal fluid show distinct signatures that can help diagnose different neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
1784h agoA biologically-grounded spiking neural network model of the cerebellar cortex shows that incorporating realistic biological properties allows it to accurately simulate signal processing and neural discharge patterns observed in recordings.
1784h agoA new radioligand, 5-MOP, selectively binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and can accurately detect drug occupancy and activated microglia.
1784h agoPolo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) regulates the balance between quiescence and activation of neural stem cells by controlling the accumulation of the transcription factor Ascl1/Mash1, and inhibiting Plk1 enhances adult neurogenesis.
1784h agoThe dural meninges have different cell populations, and a single-cell study in mice finds sex differences in cell proportions, functions, and communication.
1784h agoAAV.PHP.eB with the CAG promoter enables efficient gene delivery to oligodendrocytes in the optic nerve, with about 90% of transduced cells being oligodendrocytes.
1784h agoUncommon self-knowledge, which is synergistic information a system has about itself that only exists in the interaction of its parts, is proposed as a criterion for consciousness.
1788h agoFeature visualization, a technique using gradient ascent on predicted brain activity, reveals the internal organization of brain encoders, showing a progression of spatial scale and feature complexity across visual areas and distinctive patterns for specific brain regions.
1788h agoLanguage models do not align with brain language processing, as their representations fail to pass predictive, relational, and reliability tests against brain data.
1788h agoFiring rate fluctuations in neural populations emerge from the dynamic interaction between time-varying inputs, initial densities, and coupling in populations of neurons.
1788h agoRNNs with neuron-specific learnable time constants use multiple mechanisms to switch between rhythms across multiple frequency bands, with high-frequency rhythms dominated by a small subpopulation of short-time-constant neurons.
1788h agoA sufficiently large information flux in recurrent neural networks enables rich information processing capabilities, and biological neural networks can enhance this flux through their structural organization.
1788h agoObservable performance does not provide sufficient information about the organization of an adaptive system, as similar performance can correspond to distinct latent organizations, and longitudinal viability plays a crucial role in assessing clinical relevance.
1788h agoLocal field potentials can achieve competitive decoding performance without relying on spike signals when used with a retrospective distillation framework called REALM.
1788h agoEnhancing the function of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) reduces procrastination by increasing the valuation of future rewards.
1788h agoHumans and machine vision systems make different types of errors when recognizing images, with humans showing broad but weak asymmetries and machines showing sparser, stronger directional collapses into a few dominant categories.
1788h agoPositive alignment, a new approach to AI development, focuses on actively supporting human and ecological flourishing, while ensuring safety and cooperation.
1788h agoA new model called Conv-VaDE learns EEG microstate representations by jointly reconstructing brain activity and clustering it into discrete states, enabling transparent and interpretable analysis.
1788h agoBioSEN, a model for bioacoustic signals, matches or exceeds state-of-the-art speech enhancement models in enhancing bioacoustic audio while using less computation.
1788h agoA new data-driven approach infers governing equations from data, enabling the reconstruction of complex systems behavior and prediction of their evolution.
1788h agoThe extended KdV equation, which accounts for gravity-capillary and higher order nonlinear effects, provides simpler and more practical solitary wave solutions that agree well with numerical simulations and can be applied to problems in dispersive hydrodynamics.
1788h agoLocalized inhomogeneity affects the stability of migratory bird formations, with the range of wingspan variation that preserves a stable formation depending on the position of the modified bird.
1788h agoSmall gradient-based perturbations applied to oscillator phases can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks.
1788h agoLévy-like flights with a specific step probability distribution generate point sets with fractal geometry characteristics, and simulation techniques can produce ensembles of data sets with desired correlation dimension and fractal behaviour across a range of scales.
1788h agoA new detection scheme enables fast and robust readout of single-electron motion in Paul traps by exploiting the transient dynamics of parametric driving.
1788h agoThe study develops an approach to describe fluctuations in the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model, obtaining explicit expressions for the covariance function and variance of the complex order parameter in terms of equation parameters.
1788h agoThe Chen-Lee-Liu model and its reductions, including Burgers hierarchy, have positive and negative flows formulated through Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff decomposition, yielding soliton solutions classified by vertex type.
1788h agoCoupled dissipative structures can be reduced to an equivalent engine with a specified efficiency using two association laws, allowing for the calculation of thermodynamic efficiency in complex systems.
1788h agoCollisions between ferrodark solitons and anti-ferrodark solitons in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates result in annihilation and formation of a long-lived dissipative breather for type-I pairs at low velocities, and reflection or spin-mass separation for type-II and mixed pairs.
1788h agoElastic interactions through the substrate cause two cardiomyocytes to synchronize their beating in either in-phase or anti-phase states, depending on their mutual orientation and distance.
1788h agoSynergistic interactions lead to non-conventional critical phenomena, including Griffiths-like slow dynamics and extended criticality, through a broad distribution of relaxation rates.
1788h agoIncreasing the order of asexual reproduction leads to qualitative changes in population invasion, with invasion fronts typically disappearing beyond binary reproduction.
1788h agoA multilayer Ising framework bridges the gap between continuous physical signals and discrete Ising spins, enabling cross-modal recall from a single cue.
1788h agoDisorder in monolayer amorphous carbon localizes the low-energy part of the electronic spectrum but retains an extended critical-like state near the band centre, protected by remnant chiral symmetry.
1788h agoQuenched randomness increases the average propagation speed of one-dimensional FKPP fronts, with the velocity shift scaling linearly with disorder variance.
1788h agoTarget-specific inhibition organizes neural network dynamics into three classes: quiescent activity and asynchronous chaos, persistent activity with synchronous chaos, or coherent oscillations, depending on the network's excitatory and inhibitory balance.
1788h agoMeasurement-induced localization occurs in a one-dimensional Aubry-André-Harper model when measurements dominate coherent dynamics, with an interplay between monitoring, disorder, and quasiperiodic potential leading to localization.
1788h agoThe Matrix-Product Belief Propagation method is generalized to models with continuous or mixed continuous/discrete degrees of freedom, enabling a semi-analytical estimation of observables in large sparse networks with a controlled error.
1788h agoThe formalism of $\mathcal{R}$-transforms for non-Hermitian random matrices connects to the framework of spherical integrals through a single scalar function of two variables.
1788h agoFinite-rank normal deformations of rotationally invariant non-Hermitian random matrices produce outlier eigenvalues and characterize their emergence, fluctuations, and corresponding eigenvector behavior.
1788h agoIn the large-N limit, the complex eigenvalue distribution of deformed random matrices of the form A + B satisfies simple boundary equations that depend on the R1 and R2 transforms of B.
1788h agoSynergistic interactions lead to non-conventional critical phenomena, including Griffiths-like slow dynamics and extended criticality, through a broad distribution of relaxation rates.
1788h agoAn open quantum system can perform multiple vector-matrix multiplications with stochastic matrices in parallel, with the operation time independent of the input vector dimension.
1788h agoInter-defect interaction and impurity disorder mainly affect defect thermodynamics, local ion coordination, and oxidation in acceptor-doped perovskites by impacting oxygen vacancy distribution and hole concentration.
1788h agoExtreme Quantum Cognition Machines are a class of quantum learning architectures that make decisions with noisy and contradictory data.
1788h agoPurinergic 2X7 receptor binding increases in specific brain regions at delayed time points after a seizure, reflecting sustained neuroinflammation that may contribute to the development of chronic epilepsy.
1788h agoThe drug 5IA improves motor coordination but not cognitive performance in a mouse model of Down syndrome.
1788h agoGenerative Manifold Networks (GMNs) capture multivariate, multiscale interactions in complex systems, such as brains and biological processes, by representing them as a network of linked dynamical systems with transparent explainability.
1788h agoCognitive modulation of pain happens through layer-specific cortical computations, with bottom-up processing strongest in middle cortical layers and top-down modulation engaging superficial layers.
1788h agoMicroglia-like cells, which express classical microglia markers, are resident in the human dorsal root ganglion, localize to the satellite envelope around neuronal somata, and are likely to regulate neuronal functions, with their abundance and localization changing in response to diabetic painful neuropathy.
1788h agoMutations in the SCN1A gene contribute to Dravet syndrome by causing a deficiency in the Nav1.1 protein, which increases seizure susceptibility, particularly when the deficiency occurs in the dorsal striatum, a subcortical brain structure.
1792h agoSocial interactions, including antennal dueling and biting behaviors, establish a reproductive hierarchy in ant colonies by regulating stable behavioral states that determine the fate of workers.
1792h agoTranscriptomic markers such as Nmur1, Cckar, and Ffar4 do not reliably identify adult midbrain dopamine neuron subpopulations, requiring functional validation for genetic targeting.
1792h agoDefault Feature Representations (DFR) allows a predictive cognitive map to be updated when the environment changes, by combining a fixed feature basis with an operator that encodes the current environment.
1792h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure creates a unique inflammatory signature in the adult brain, with region-specific changes in genes that control immune function.
1792h agoThe EMPAC dataset provides a new resource for studying empathy by combining physiological signals, self-reported emotional states, and cognitive processes in a multimodal dataset.
1792h agoChanges in brain wave patterns during sleep, specifically the coordination of slow oscillations and sleep spindles, decline over time in middle-aged to older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease, and this decline is linked to decreased synaptic integrity and memory performance.
1796h agoHumans release a specific mix of chemicals from their armpits when they feel fear, which includes increased fatty acids and decreased skin-derived volatiles.
1796h agoNeuronal extracellular vesicles contain molecular signatures that indicate disease state and treatment response in bipolar disorder, and the secretome from bipolar disorder neurons alters activity in normal neuronal networks.
1796h agoThe central nucleus of the amygdala encodes motivational states, with its neural activity predicting engagement in reward seeking and the speed of action initiation for both ethanol and natural rewards.
1796h agoTDP-43 dysfunction accelerates tauopathy, which in turn primes co-filament assembly and dysfunction of TDP-43, leading to exacerbated neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease.
1796h agoPeople with better 3D mental rotation skills also perform better in 2D mental rotation tasks, because they recruit more neural visual-spatial cortical representations.
1796h agoThe study found moderate to good test-retest reliability in decision performance and brain activity during a value-based sequential decision making task, particularly in regions such as the striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
1796h agoThe zona incerta in the human brain contains a distinct subregion called A13, which is involved in sensorimotor integration and resilience in neurodegeneration.
1796h agoFlow experience modulates global brain dynamics, particularly within the default mode network, by making microstates associated with self-referential processing shorter and less frequent.
1796h agoSomatosensory information alone can drive modification of motor memory, and enables the modification of sequential motor memory through a route distinct from voluntary motor execution.
1796h agoElevating serotonin in a specific brain region reduces motivation driven by rich reward environments, while leaving sensitivity to immediate rewards intact.
1796h agoThe whisker system can extract information about surface stickiness from interactions between whiskers and surfaces, and this information is represented in the activity of certain mechanosensory neurons.
1800h agoWorking memory engagement after reactivating a newly learned skill has a time-dependent influence on interlimb generalization, enhancing it immediately but impairing it after a 24-hour gap.
1800h agoIntranuclear polyG aggregates cause more cell death and severe disease symptoms than cytoplasmic aggregates because they impair RNA synthesis and lead to a repressive chromatin state.
1800h agoCorticotropin-releasing hormone synthesizing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus play a key role in rapidly evaluating conspecifics during social encounters.
1800h agoPeople's decisions to persist or disengage from a task are influenced by multiple factors, including task difficulty, skill level, fatigue, progress, and proximity to the goal.
1800h agoEye movement-related eardrum oscillations differ between people with good and poor sound localization accuracy, and are associated with ensuring accurate sound localization.
1800h agoBilingualism affects executive function performance and brain structure, but does not change the differences in executive function and brain structure caused by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
1800h agoThe brain-specific transcription factor foxQ2II contributes to the development of fast-acting interneurons that are involved in the function of higher order brain centers.
1800h agoAlzheimer's disease brain cells release extracellular vesicles that contain abnormal proteins and contribute to the spread of amyloid peptides to healthy cells.
1800h agoThe immune system drives ALS by linking blood immune changes to spinal cord damage.
1804h agoThe cerebellum decides when to learn through synchronized climbing-fiber error signals that enable synaptic plasticity and motor adaptation.
1804h agoCaregiver-infant interactions influence the development of the brain's functional architecture in the first postnatal month by shaping neural systems supporting perception, regulation, and social interactions.
1804h agoNeural tracking of linguistic information occurs in spontaneous conversation, with brain responses to word onset, grammar, and word meaning seen around 200, 400, and 600 ms.
1804h agoThe brain's judgment of time is biased towards recent experiences, and this effect is linked to specific brain areas, including the putamen and posterior medial cortex, which store information from previous trials.
1804h agoContext from past, future, and surrounding words helps the human brain understand speech by influencing how different parts of the brain process and represent speech.
1804h agoThe prefrontal cortex is patterned by intrinsic gene networks that coordinate molecular signatures, with transcription factors like YBX1 playing a crucial role in activating human prefrontal cortex identity.
1804h agoMelanin-concentrating hormone-expressing neurons in the medial preoptic area undergo state-dependent transcriptional reorganization during lactation, suggesting a dynamic role in postpartum neuroendocrine plasticity.
1804h agoThe Free Energy Principle and Integrated Information Theory are unified through a mathematical framework that defines information as deviation from a constrained maximum-caliber path ensemble, allowing for a re-derivation of IIT's calculus and bridging to active inference.
1812h agoA perturbation becomes a recurrent conscious priority when it is linked to one's sense of self, marked as important, and blocked from completion, a process called Canxianization.
1812h agoHuman face perception is shaped by mechanisms that infer the underlying causes of facial appearance, discount unnecessary variation, and are influenced by natural image statistics.
1812h agoSpiking neural networks can learn to maintain a record of the recent past and predict the future by forming recurrent excitatory connections with delays.
1812h agoNeural population models are best evaluated using a new benchmark called SpikeProphecy, which separates performance into temporal fidelity, spatial pattern accuracy, and magnitude-invariant alignment.
1812h agoA single Mamba forecaster trained on neural population activity can predict both upcoming activity and an animal's behavioral state in one step.
1812h agoBioSEN, a new model for bioacoustic signals, matches or exceeds state-of-the-art speech enhancement models in tests on three bioacoustic datasets while using less computation.
1812h agoBifurcations dominate and simplify learning dynamics in models that change over time, allowing for a reduced and analytically tractable description of the local learning geometry.
1812h agoBiological neural networks can process information efficiently by using distinct learning mechanisms, and an Embodied Neurocomputation framework helps find optimal ways to connect these networks to traditional computers.
1812h agoDeep neural networks trained with different methods converge on similar visual representations driven by conceptual image properties and semantic content.
1812h agoA compact behavioral supervisory signal, called behavioral geometric supervision, enables video foundation models to capture how humans organize social information in dynamic scenes, improving their performance to near human-like levels.
1812h agoThe inverse-S-shaped pattern of probability misrepresentation arises from a U-shaped allocation of encoding precision and a flexible prior, integrated through optimal Bayesian decoding.
1812h agoThe equi-affine metric becomes a covariant 3-tensor under the full diffeomorphism group when the Euclidean plane is equipped with a smooth structure generated by all smooth curves.
1812h agoThe Petz recovery map maximizes fidelity gain at the entanglement-breaking threshold, preserving coherence beyond this threshold, and provides a practically relevant method for quantum error correction on dissipation-dominated platforms.
1812h agoA general theoretical framework analyzes the spectral stability of localized steady states in one-dimensional and multi-dimensional rectangular lattices.
1812h agoThe regularized Boussinesq equation yields periodic traveling wave solutions that can become modulationally unstable due to loss of hyperbolicity.
1812h agoA single Josephson junction can perform information processing tasks as a reservoir computing substrate without needing an explicit delay loop.
1812h agoThe Darboux-Halphen system has two constructions: the Jacobi construction, which starts with multi-valued functions as first integrals, and the Lie construction, which uses a single-valued representation of a simple non-integrable algebra.
1812h agoThe Clapp oscillator exhibits chaotic behavior and can be used to construct a chaotic radar.
1812h agoOscillations in scalar field theories collide and interact in different ways, including reflection, crossing, and forming excited oscillations, depending on their energy and relative phase.
1812h agoHyperbolic lattices with constant negative curvature and non-Abelian translation symmetry support subsystem symmetry-protected topological states, spontaneous subsystem symmetry-breaking states, and directed percolation processes that can't be attained on Euclidean lattices.
1812h agoThe standard deviation of surface deformations scales linearly with subsurface velocity fluctuations in turbulent flows.
1812h agoOptimizing network design for synchrony under a constrained coupling budget results in sparse, bipartite, elongated, and monophilic networks that can achieve global phase-locking without a synchronization threshold.
1812h agoA systematic method combining lobe dynamics sequences designs low-energy transfers between orbits around celestial bodies.
1812h agoQuantum fluctuations cause the melting of limit tori in open quantum systems, leading to a dynamical critical crossover with spontaneous breaking of time-translational symmetry.
1812h agoPolygonal dynamics, a family of dynamical systems acting on points in projective spaces, tends to exhibit collapsing phenomena, which can be described by a formula involving roots of polynomials.
1812h agoA generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation provides a framework for studying two-dimensional attractive Bose systems, allowing calculations of system properties and predicting universal bound states, breathing modes, and excited states.
1812h agoCoherence resonance in excitable systems is obscured by flattened energy landscapes and complex nonlinear dynamics, but a new method extracts optimal noise intensities, allowing quiescent biological systems to utilize stochastic fluctuations for functional recovery.
1812h agoDiffusion models can overcome critical slowing down in parameter learning by using a deeper neural network architecture with physical locality.
1812h agoThe Dreaming L-directional Associative Memory (DLAM) improves pattern retrieval by using offline dreaming to reduce interference and inter-pattern crosstalk, allowing it to recover multiple patterns from a mixed input.
1812h agoNeural Low-Degree Filtering (Neural LoFi) provides a framework that explains how deep neural networks learn internal representations from data by iteratively selecting directions with maximal correlation to the label.
1812h agoModern recurrent neural network architectures can support fast and accurate simulations of quantum many-body systems.
1812h agoA tensor network-based method calculates disorder-averaged expectation values in random spin chains without needing to sample over disorder configurations.
1812h agoQuasiperiodic modulation enhances the topological regime and induces a non-Hermitian topological Anderson insulator phase in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model.
1812h agoA neural network framework reconstructs the background geometry, dilaton potential, and chiral-symmetry-breaking scalar potential of holographic QCD from hadron mass spectra, predicting a steep dilaton profile and computing parameters that accurately forecast the pion mass and its spectrum.
1812h agoThe Polfed.jl package implements the Polynomially Filtered Exact Diagonalization algorithm to compute mid-spectrum eigenvalues and eigenvectors of quantum many-body Hamiltonians, reducing memory costs and enabling access to larger system sizes.
1812h agoNeural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote neuroprotection by modulating key pathways, reducing apoptosis, and stabilizing cytoskeletal dynamics in a spinal cord injury model.
1812h agoPhase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC) provides a high-fidelity temporal feature for decoding motor intent, outperforming traditional power-based features in machine-learning classifiers.
1812h agoThe Mesh and Skeleton Cable Fitting (MASCAF) pipeline fits a cable model to 3D surface mesh morphology data of neuronal membranes, handling complex shapes and topological holes.
1816h agoThe pretraining objective determines whether learned features generalize across semantic boundaries or remain category-bound, with contrastive learning leading to better generalization than classification-based pretraining.
1816h agoBrains operate best when near a balance point, called criticality, where they can adapt quickly to demands, and moving away from this point is linked to effortful engagement and cognitive load.
1816h agoElite skiers have greater gray matter volume in areas of the brain involved in somatosensory processing and multisensory integration compared to athletes from other sports and non-athletes.
1816h agoThe hippocampus represents agency through a distinct code in place cells, allowing internal control of cognitive maps used for navigation.
1816h agoBrain activity patterns associated with pain experience can be bidirectionally controlled by individuals through decoded neurofeedback, and controlling one specific pattern reduces pain ratings.
1816h agoTianeptine improves spatial memory and increases hippocampal beta oscillations in mice through mechanisms that require mu-opioid receptors for the oscillations and both mu- and delta-opioid receptors for the memory enhancement.
1816h agoStimulation with a specific chemical upregulates the translation of mRNAs involved in synaptic processes, including synaptic vesicle exocytosis and axo-dendritic transport, in synapse-enriched fractions derived from rat cortical tissue.
1816h agoThe nervous system uses a process called divisive normalization to process touch information over time, similar to how it processes visual information.
1816h agoReduced levels of chaperonin subunits CCT2 and CCT3 are linked to Alzheimer's disease, and CCT3 plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress and beta-amyloid buildup.
1816h agoAbnormal neuronal activity in neurodegenerative disorders is caused by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway, specifically through the p53 protein, which can be inhibited to counter this activity.
1816h agoSatellite glial cells help maintain stable sympathetic neuronal output by adjusting synaptic density in response to changes in neuronal activity.
1816h agoThe hippocampal formation maintains a structured internal coordinate template that is flexibly tailored to environmental geometry, allowing it to transform spatial representations across different environments through a simple geometric rule.
1820h agoReward-based learning rapidly reorganizes the sensory cortex in minutes, allowing mice to learn to associate a new tactile stimulus with reward.
1820h agoPrefrontal TMS dosing is best assessed at the cortical level, and incorporating connectivity to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex improves the prediction of heart-brain coupling, a physiological readout of autonomic dysregulation.
1820h agoHypertension impairs the brain's ability to clear fluids, and uncontrolled high blood pressure leads to a steeper decline in this clearance over time.
1820h agoThe brain uses a circuit involving frontal and sensory regions to learn and represent the probability of events in different contexts.
1820h agoHuman post-mortem brain slice cultures provide a suitable platform for studying myelin damage, retaining key features and allowing for experimental induction of focal myelin damage.
1820h agoTDP-43 protein mislocalisation disrupts ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling in spinal neurons, with downregulation of the ACTL6B transcription factor emerging as a key driver of TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration.
1820h agoA subset of neurons in the spinal cord sends organized signals to specific muscles, controlling reflexive skin twitches in response to sensory stimuli.
1820h agoT-stellate neurons provide excitatory input to both GABAergic NPY neurons and glutamatergic VIP neurons in the inferior colliculus, with stronger and faster input to NPY neurons.
1820h agoThe brain generates robust behaviour from neural activity through a low-dimensional dynamical system, with 3 dimensions being the minimal requirement to accurately distinguish competing motor plans and predict behaviour.
1820h agoThe inferior colliculus has different subdivisions that receive distinct patterns of input from other brainstem structures, with the central nucleus following classic pathways, the dorsal cortex receiving more input from non-auditory areas, and the external cortex showing a mix of both.
1820h agoShared experience in specialized roles and team membership shapes the organization of brain function in professional volleyball players, with those in the same position or team showing more similar brain connectivity patterns.
1820h agoThe Schwann cell dedifferentiation process is governed by a complex network that includes stable states, intermediate transition states, and key regulatory bottlenecks that determine nerve repair capacity.
1824h agoSpiny mice can regenerate parts of their nervous system, and using viral vectors, researchers have identified three promising candidates that can be used to study this ability, which may help advance treatments for human neurodegenerative disorders.
1824h agoThe iron-to-neuromelanin ratio remains stable with age in dopaminergic neurons, and there is no evidence that neuromelanin saturation drives age-related vulnerability to Parkinson's disease.
1824h agoDynoSys 2.0, a graph-based framework, accurately models behavioral development and predicts mental health outcomes, including substance use initiation, by integrating genetic, environmental, and neurobiological data over time.
1824h agoInfant brains track the rhythmicity of whole-body biological motion from early on, and caregiver practices like infant carrying and attitudes toward social touch are linked to this ability.
1824h agoChildren and adults learn complex movements differently, with children showing less development in the primary motor cortex's ability to form stable representations of learned movements.
1824h agoThe brain engages in oscillatory activity for only about 25% of the time, with most activity occurring in the occipital and parietal regions, and this activity typically lasts around 4.6 cycles.
1824h agoCortical and PZ delta rhythms are synchronized and persist through changes in sleep pressure and respiration.
1824h agoThe internal representation of musical beat is affected by temporal features of sound beyond onset timing, with longer sound durations enhancing the neural activity that underlies beat perception.
1824h agoMusical sophistication is associated with better speech perception in noisy environments, and this relationship is fully mediated by auditory working memory.
1824h agoAstrocyte-mediated ECM remodelling contributes to BBB dysfunction in COL4A1-associated cerebral small vessel disease through reduced expression of HTRA1 and increased TGF-β signalling.
1824h agoHuman deconstructed skin models show that TRPA1 is a therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis itch and that inhibiting TRPA1 and JAK1/2 reduces itch responses.
1824h agoThe APOE4 gene causes microglia, brain cells that clear out disease-causing substances, to accumulate lipids, become proinflammatory, and lose their ability to support neurons.
1824h agoSubthreshold activity of single V1 neurons covaries with behavior, and a nonlinear modulatory signal in V1 implements interactions between external sensory inputs and internal states.
1828h agoNeural signals in children's brains predict when their attention will lapse, and stimulating these areas can rescue performance.
1828h agoPericyte loss causes endothelial cells to become activated, leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, reduced cerebral blood flow, and white matter damage.
1828h agoSPECTRA, a new framework for diffusion MRI tractometry, enables precise mapping of white matter microstructure by accounting for radial heterogeneity along fiber bundles, improving statistical power and error control.
1828h agoGABAergic cells in the zona incerta (ZI) modulate effort-based motivation by incorporating salient sensory cues, and their activation can rescue motivational deficits induced by chronic stress.
1828h agoA deep-learning framework organizes whole-brain population activity into distinct clusters based on experimental conditions, revealing that brain states are encoded along three separate axes.
1828h agoThe growth of specific brain regions, particularly the hippocampus and thalamus, and the amount of sleep, predict early episodic memory performance in children.
1828h agoHumans' attention is guided by eye gaze cues from both human and monkey faces, and eye morphology does not play a substantial role in this process.
1828h agoIndividual alexia profiles can be simulated by applying graded phonology and semantic lesions to an artificial neural network model of reading.
1828h agoLack of social interaction in juveniles alters gene expression in the brain's reward system, leading to changes in neuronal function and behavior.
1828h agoMaternal high-fat diet disrupts microglia-serotonin interactions during a critical postnatal window, leading to persistent, sex-specific changes in brain circuitry and behavior in offspring.
1828h agoNorepinephrine provides a signal that links changes in behavioral state to interactions between brain networks.
1828h agoThe maturation of central vestibular neurons is closely tied to the remodeling of vestibulo-motor functions during metamorphosis, with changes in neuronal properties and proportions of phasic and tonic neurons enabling adaptation to new behavioral demands.
1828h agoInflammation causes lasting changes in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which can improve their ability to repair damaged nerves and reduce nerve damage.
1828h agoHuman neuronal circuits in slice cultures reorganize themselves to become stable and homogeneous despite structural damage and neuronal loss.
1832h agoCHI3L1 regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell generation by inducing cell death in early-stage cells and suppressing proliferation and differentiation in mature cells.
1832h agoRiding a bicycle with reversed steering disrupts control and requires relearning, which can interfere with the ability to ride a normal bicycle.
1832h agoRGS6B, a brain-specific protein isoform, is selectively expressed in the nervous system and functions to promote G protein signaling in a dominant negative manner.
1832h agoExpressing G4C2 repeats in neurons leads to progressive axonal thinning, TDP-43 mislocalization, and locomotor and working-memory alterations, which are mitigated by restoring Dlp expression.
1832h agoFiltering stimulation trains during deep brain stimulation surgery produces a type of distortion called filter-induced oscillation that can be mistaken for physiological brain signals, but it can be distinguished from valid signals by its polarity and origins.
1832h agoBMSC-derived small extracellular vesicles, mainly exosomes, reduce pain hypersensitivity in a mouse model of neuropathic pain, and their pain-relieving effect is enhanced when BMSCs are primed with injury-related conditions.
1832h agoPulse duration, current amplitude, and frequency jointly determine urinary leakage thresholds, with pulse duration being the main factor that affects stimulation efficiency.
1832h agoThe somatosensory cortex encodes tactile information from natural touch through somatotopic representations, and the motor cortex is strongly activated during passive touch, showing a tight sensorimotor coupling.
1832h agoA new learning approach enables artificial neural networks to update parameters through internally generated events based on the network's own representational dynamics, allowing for sparse and selective adaptation to incoming data.
1836h agoA spatiotemporal neural network model demonstrates that the topography of the middle temporal area in the primate visual cortex emerges from a trade-off between task-driven pressure and spatial regularization.
1836h agoRecurrent network models with conductance-based synapses and spike time correlations produce more realistic levels of membrane potential variability.
1836h agoNatural language descriptions accurately capture the selectivity of most neurons in the primary visual cortex and higher visual areas, ranging from simple features like edges to complex combinations of form, color, and texture.
1836h agoA new model called Conv-VaDE learns EEG microstate representations by jointly reconstructing brain activity and clustering it into discrete states, enabling more transparent and interpretable results.
1836h agoThe IP3R channel gating behavior is clarified by a new model that accounts for missed events, revealing that the channel has two modes, Park and Drive, each consisting of a 3-state Markov model with mode-dependent kinetic parameters.
1836h agoPeriodic signals are better represented in high-dimensional space using real-valued, periodic embeddings, which allows for easier processing and distinguishing of nearby angles and construction of different kernel shapes.
1836h agoBreathing and rotobreathing cyclops states, which preserve a three-cluster structure, dominate in ensembles of phase oscillators with inertia and multiple coupling harmonics.
1836h agoAsymmetric time delay fundamentally changes the collective behavior of swarmalators, reshaping their phase diagram and promoting the active π state at the expense of other ordered states.
1836h agoA stochastic perturbation of the elastic reflection law changes the behavior of integrable billiard tables but not chaotic ones, with the integrable tables' behavior linking to Evans stochastic billiard.
1836h agoA SNIPER bifurcation leads to spatially modulated oscillations in spatially extended media through a long-wavelength instability of a large-amplitude periodic orbit.
1836h agoSine-Gordon-like solitons can be generated in a spin-1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, and their velocity and interactions can be controlled and studied to observe elastic collision behavior.
1836h agoApproximate Invariant Analysis (AIA) framework enables efficient nonlinear beam dynamics by constructing approximate invariants and extracting betatron frequency.
1836h agoBall lightning is a projection of a high-dimensional topological soliton into three-dimensional space, described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with attractive interaction, protected by a non-zero topological charge.
1836h agoIncreasing the pumping spot area leads to the formation of various spatial structures in exciton-polaritonic condensates, which depend on the duration of the dynamical memory.
1836h agoA two-stage associative memory architecture with context-gating improves retrieval by increasing inter-memory separation and inducing sparsity, leading to exponential improvements in retrieval.
1836h agoThe information-theoretic limits of learning a one-hidden-layer teacher network with hierarchical features from noisy queries are characterized by a sequence of sharp phase transitions that govern feature learnability.
1836h agoA Bayesian CT reconstruction algorithm based on the Markov random field model outperforms filtered back projection under low-dose and sparse-view conditions.
1836h agoDiameter dynamics, not physical properties, are the principal source of enhanced glass stability.
1836h agoGlasses have a type of vibration called defect states, which are caused by frozen-in stresses and can be classified as quasi-localized.
1836h agoProbabilistic computing hardware overcomes the sampling bottleneck in simulating quantum many-body systems, enabling accurate ground-state energies for large lattices and efficient training of deep neural networks.
1836h agoQuantum confinement directly affects the superconducting properties of thin films by renormalizing the coherence length, leading to stronger type-II behavior and a crossover regime where confinement and transport scattering are intertwined.
1836h agoVagus nerve branches emerge in a specific order and location along the nerve trunk, with different branches targeting specific organs, and this information can be used to guide surgical placement of stimulation devices.
1836h agoOlder adults have a reduced ability to accurately estimate self-motion and control balance when exposed to visual perturbations, and they adapt less to repeated exposure.
1836h agoSource-space resting-state EEG functional connectivity can predict cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease, using either a standard or individualized head model.
1840h agoVolatility in environments changes how people respond to distractions, leading to more oculomotor capture and slower target latency, and does not impair the initial filtering of distractions but rather increases caution in responding.
1840h agoCaMKII promoter labels most excitatory neurons, but a small subset remains unlabeled, and a new AAV-based strategy allows researchers to access and study this population.
1840h agoHSV-1 infection contributes to the formation of Alzheimer's disease hallmarks, including abnormal deposits of A-beta peptides and accumulation of phosphoTau proteins in the brain.
1840h agoA new method called real-time fMRI-triggered experience-sampling (rt-fMRI-ES) found that spontaneous brain activity in the posteromedial cortex region is linked to lower ratings of external attention.
1840h agoSensory content and temporal structure of stimuli bias duration perception, with filled intervals perceived as lasting longer than empty intervals, and this effect is associated with distinct neural processing mechanisms.
1840h agoFever makes animals seek warmth because immune signals change how they feel about temperature changes, not because they feel colder.
1840h agoStrategic behavior is grounded in beliefs about the opponent's intentions and involves coordinated information transfer across brain areas to update beliefs and make value-based decisions.
1840h agoBrain-body synchrony acts as a temporal gate for conscious access across sensory systems.
1840h agoMice with a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene on a C57BL/6 background develop similar somatic expansion to those on an FVB background, and this expansion can be blocked by targeting a specific gene with RNA therapy.
1844h agoSensorimotor beta bursts, rather than traditional brain activity patterns, can provide a robust biomarker for precise force control in brain-computer interface-based prosthetics.
1844h agoAlcohol dependence changes the activity of neurons in the cortical amygdala, which in turn disrupts brain-wide network function and leads to excessive drinking during withdrawal.
1844h agoTargeted memory reactivation time-locked to sleep spindles enhances recall-based declarative memory retention, and the temporal organization of stimulated spindles is associated with distinct memory outcomes.
1844h agoAging selectively impairs peripheral motion processing for anticipatory postural adjustments, leading to reduced ability to scale motor responses with velocity when using peripheral vision, while extraretinal mechanisms remain intact.
1844h agoRestraint stress can drive mice to avoid a location where they experienced the stress, and this learned aversion is linked to activity in specific brain regions.
1848h agoPost-stroke grey matter volume atrophy patterns are mainly shaped by structural brain connections, and follow a network-consistent diffusion-like pattern that can be used to predict individualized atrophy patterns.
1848h agoSortilin inhibition does not protect the inner retina from damage after optic nerve crush, but it does change glial activation, inflammatory signaling, and proneurotrophin dynamics.
1848h agoMisfolded synuclein triggers inflammation in the brain by activating glial cells, but microglia-derived extracellular vesicles containing specific microRNAs can decrease this inflammation in astrocytes.
1848h agoThe APOE4 gene variant increases microglial vulnerability to arsenite exposure by altering stress responses and changing cellular functions.
1848h agoThe beta and gamma actin isoforms play non-redundant roles in neuronal mechanotransduction, with gamma-actin mutations leading to abnormal protrusions and beta-actin mutations causing increased neuron fragility.
1848h agoThe ventral midline thalamus plays a critical role in the precise retrieval of temporal memories.
1848h agoA new factor analysis method disentangles the factors associated with bursts and individual spikes in neural data, enabling the investigation of burst codes directly from the data structure.
1848h agoThe dataset provides neural dynamics and verbal transcripts of 118 people's spontaneous thoughts during 10-minute scanning sessions, allowing for investigations of spontaneous thought, speech generation, and individual differences.
1848h agoGABAergic inhibition helps regulate how long brain regions process information, and changing its activity affects how brain networks work together to support different cognitive tasks.
1848h agoNucleolar architecture and Pol1 activity pattern determine neuronal subtype identity by controlling rRNA production and mRNA translation.
1848h agoDeleting the immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (Lag3) rescues molecular, cellular, and behavioral symptoms of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
1848h agoAn optics-free spatial genomics method maps mouse brain aging, revealing region-specific inflammation driven by lymphocytes that promote harmful interferon signaling.
1852h agoMice learn how actions lead to shared food by watching others, forming social associations that influence future behaviors.
1852h agoMicroglia can transform into two types of specialized cells, myelin-associated and neuron-associated dual-phenotype microglia, which have distinct functions in maintaining myelin and interacting with neurons.
1852h agoInfants' brains show stronger and more consistent responses to cartoons than to realistic movies, suggesting that the developing visual system is attuned to exaggerated features.
1856h agoExpectation affects neural responses to visual stimuli differently depending on the type of unexpected stimulus, with semantic surprises and common stimuli having distinct neural patterns.
1856h agoCertainty shapes preparatory brain activity before people receive feedback, and this activity helps them learn and update their internal models.
1856h agoThe human neural circuit architecture contributes to the spread of synuclein pathology across brain regions, leading to progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons.
1856h agoIncreased glycolytic activity, linked to lactate metabolism, is a common developmental mechanism that bridges prenatal disturbances and later circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia.
1856h agoThe maturational imbalance across brain systems, measured by a region-wise Relative Maturity index, can predict individual vulnerability to psychopathology and is associated with dimensions of psychopathological vulnerability.
1856h agoNeurodegeneration alters the medial entorhinal cortex's ability to represent spatial context at the cellular and behavioral level, preceding disruptions in grid cell coding and altered brain oscillations.
1856h agoThe serotonin transporter SERT affects gene expression in specific neurons in a sex-biased manner, particularly in glutamatergic neurons, leading to changes in social and spatial circuits development.
1856h agoThe supplementary motor area (SMA) stimulation modulates the pleasurable component of the groove experience during music listening, likely through complex network mechanisms.
1856h agoAdult language learners' brains process language learning through a combination of prediction and feedback, with prediction driving overall learning and feedback explaining individual differences.
1860h agoThe brain uses joint sparse coding and temporal dynamics to preserve prior knowledge while adapting to new contexts, allowing for flexible reconfiguration and lifelong learning.
1860h agoA cortico-cerebellar recurrent neural network learns faster and performs better on temporal tasks than traditional recurrent neural networks because of its modular architecture with a cerebellar-inspired feedforward module.
1860h agoRadial basis kernels can be used to create coherent spatial representations, and grid cell-like representations are optimal for realizing these kernels.
1860h agoNeuralBench, a unified framework for benchmarking AI models of brain activity, reveals that current foundation models only marginally outperform task-specific models and many tasks remain highly challenging for even the best models.
1860h agoFLUX, a new framework, learns longitudinal transport and discovers regimes from unpaired biological snapshots by combining geometry-aware flow-matching and mixture-of-experts modeling.
1860h agoAn automated pipeline identifies reference regions in histology images to accurately measure myelin concentration, mitigating staining variability and enabling robust comparison of myelin pathology across different samples.
1860h agoMeow-Omni 1, a new multimodal model, accurately recognizes animal intent by combining video, audio, physiological data, and text, achieving 71.16% accuracy on a quad-modal benchmark.
1860h agoMeasuring brain activity can help train a model to solve a task better, and its value depends on factors such as task-brain alignment, neural and task noise, and sample size.
1860h agoSpike-based encodings can be recast as time-causal wavelet frames that preserve sparsity and locality, allowing for reconstruction with low error on datasets like ECG and audio.
1860h agoPositive alignment, which involves developing AI systems that actively support human and ecological flourishing, is a necessary agenda within AI alignment research to address existing failures and promote human well-being.
1860h agoPeriodic signals are better represented using real-valued, periodic embeddings in high-dimensional space, which allows for easier processing and distinction of nearby angles.
1860h agoEnhancing the function of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) reduces procrastination by increasing the perceived value of task outcomes.
1860h agoThe brain achieves rapid and coherent inference by transforming complex search problems into simpler navigation tasks through a process of topological condensation.
1860h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have highly individual atypical patterns of eye movement, which are masked by conventional group-mean analyses.
1860h agoTransformers' ability to perform transitive inference depends on the training regime and the structure of their induced representations.
1860h agoHigh-resolution neural datasets enable foundation models for brain-computer interfaces and neurological treatments, and Neuroprobe provides a suite of decoding tasks and a framework for comparing modeling approaches for intracranial EEG recordings.
1860h agoMEG-XL, a model pre-trained with 2.5 minutes of brain activity context, matches supervised performance with less data and outperforms brain foundation models in word decoding from brain data.
1860h agoExternal forcing influences traveling-wave dynamics in coupled excitable systems, producing synchronization and regular collective dynamics with periodic forcing, but suppressing regular behavior and generating counter-propagating waves with Levy noise.
1860h agoNew shifted nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations are obtained from a multi-component AKNS system, including 13 equations with two-place nonlocalities and 10 with four-place nonlocalities.
1860h agoA method reconstructs resonant interactions in weakly coupled phase oscillator systems from noisy time series by identifying resonant normal form terms that determine drift dynamics.
1860h agoA method based on Fourier analysis and unsupervised clustering identifies regions in parameter space where chimera states occur and distinguishes between different types of these states.
1860h agoBall lightning is a projection of a high-dimensional topological soliton into three-dimensional space, described by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with attractive interaction, and can be stabilized by a non-zero topological charge.
1860h agoA nonlinear kagome lattice has a dispersion relation with three bands, including a flat band, and can be reduced to nonlinear Schrodinger systems, which have soliton and solitary wave solutions.
1860h agoThe butterfly effect, a growth of a localized infinitesimal perturbation, has nuanced significance in extended systems, and in Surface-Quasi-Geostrophic turbulence, a localized perturbation's energy initially decreases for a duration that varies depending on its initial location.
1860h agoSpatio-temporal graph neural networks perform better than non-graph baselines in handling high levels of local and global chaos, but are less competitive when chaos is low.
1860h agoParticles swimming at constant velocity in a Stokes flow self-organize into steady or oscillating states of collective motion as their translational diffusivity decreases.
1860h agoPolitical parties tend to polarize in multiparty systems, but become more moderate in two-party systems, even when voters have extreme views.
1860h agoThe wave-pinning mechanism explains how cell shape affects the formation of localized patterns in cell polarization, and geometry-induced phenomena such as nontrivial stationary pulse locations and pitchfork bifurcations occur in certain domains.
1860h agoIncreasing the pumping spot area leads to the formation of various spatial structures in exciton-polaritonic condensates, which depend on the duration of the dynamical memory.
1860h agoA universal second-order predictive reduction reveals that delay induces effective inertia and triadic interactions in time-delayed oscillator networks, accurately predicting collective dynamics and states.
1860h agoDistribution forecasts from state-space systems are more stable than point forecasts because they can accurately capture the long-term statistical behaviour of a time series, even at long time horizons, if the underlying process is structurally stable.
1860h agoThe group reduction procedure applied to vector equations results in ODE systems that are multicomponent generalizations of Painlevé equations and can be interpreted as nonautonomous deformations of well-known integrable systems.
1860h agoHeterogeneous activity in dense bacterial suspensions leads to the emergence of hydrodynamic interfaces separating turbulent and jammed areas.
1860h agoA class of quasi-Einstein structures on closed manifolds must admit a Killing vector field.
1860h agoThe diversity of interaction networks helps explain the emergence of cooperation among interacting agents, and reevaluating interaction groups facilitates this emergence.
1860h agoFront propagation into unstable states acts as a selection mechanism in complex systems, and researchers review progress on related questions while highlighting different theoretical perspectives and challenges.
1860h agoA consensus formation model with condensation effects driven by a polynomial diffusion coefficient exhibits finite-time concentration when the initial mass exceeds a critical threshold.
1860h agoSemi-classical analysis identifies longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal instanton configurations that mediate competing tunneling pathways between degenerate minima in a multidimensional potential energy surface.
1860h agoA novel algorithm discovers stochastic differential equations from data, avoiding noisy derivative estimates and improving robustness in the presence of noise.
1860h agoThe forced vibro-impact oscillator with friction and elastic walls exhibits a coexistence of stable islands and dissipative attractors in its phase space, and its mathematical analysis reveals a complex dynamics including invariant tori, hyperbolic orbits, and a parameter-dependent bifurcation.
1860h agoPotts machines are outperformed by Ising machines on multi-state problems, including Max-3-Cut and Max-4-Cut, contrary to expectations that they would perform better.
1860h agoLine-edge roughness in ferromagnetic racetracks induces stochastic pinning of domain walls, causing nonlinear dynamics and enabling p-bit-like functionality for probabilistic and neuromorphic computing.
1860h agoDisorder in spring strength and coordination numbers explains the anomalous vibrational density of states in amorphous solids, with fluctuations in coordination numbers alone causing the Boson peak.
1860h agoAcoustic waves propagating through disordered media have their dispersion renormalized and attenuated, with the effect depending on the variances of the fluctuations in elastic moduli and mass density.
1860h agoPartial annealing in associative neural networks enhances memory organisation and retrieval by reducing interference and promoting orthogonal configurations, allowing for maximal storage.
1860h agoA technique is introduced that enables Neural-ODEs to approximate arbitrary velocity fields with fixed-points.
1860h agoCritical states are characterized by the simultaneous absence of exponential confinement in real and momentum space.
1860h agoA method based on Fourier analysis and unsupervised clustering identifies regions in parameter space where chimera states occur and distinguishes between different types of these states.
1860h agoThe POLFED algorithm, implemented in the Polfed.jl package, efficiently computes mid-spectrum eigenvalues and eigenvectors of quantum many-body Hamiltonians by reducing memory costs and preserving Hamiltonian sparsity.
1860h agoA general scheme for constructing order parameters reveals a hidden sub-structure in topological phases, where each topological sector splits into two distinct phases, and provides a practical tool for characterizing phase transitions in quantum many-body systems.
1860h agoA quantum reservoir processing device performs both quantum and classical machine learning tasks using a programmable silicon chip excited with single photons.
1860h agoA simple criterion can estimate the critical weight variance for a broad class of recurrent architectures, which helps in achieving peak performance in tasks such as chaotic forecasting.
1860h agoQuantum confinement directly affects the superconducting properties of thin films by renormalizing the coherence length, which in turn drives superconductors toward stronger type-II behavior with decreasing film thickness.
1860h agoEntanglement entropy of one-dimensional non-interacting fermions with a monitored occupation number stays in an area-law phase, and no measurement-induced phase transition occurs.
1860h agoA linear associative memory can store up to a certain number of associations, specifically $p_c \log p_c / d^2 = 1 / 2$, before its ability to recall facts deteriorates.
1860h agoA new molecular dynamics framework called PDMD predicts system energy and atomic forces of water clusters with high accuracy at a much lower computational cost than existing methods.
1860h agoA phase transition occurs in rewired random regular graphs at a critical fugacity, changing from a triangle-poor phase to a triangle-rich phase where the number of triangles grows with system size.
1860h agoThe cyclic time evolution of a rocky intertidal community is explained by quasi-cycles, a simpler mechanism than previously proposed, which describes the oscillations in population numbers of the ecosystem.
1860h agoMeasurement-based quantum diffusion models bridge classical and quantum diffusion theory, generating stochastic quantum trajectories while preserving purity and inducing depolarization.
1860h agoA new photonic Ising machine directly programs and solves complex spin models, including fully connected 797-spin Ising models with external fields, using a simple amplitude modulation technique.
1860h agoEthanol suppresses sound-evoked firing in the auditory pathway by enhancing presynaptic shunting inhibition at the endbulb of Held synapse, which reduces glutamate release and impairs synaptic transmission.
1860h agoMotion vision helps fruit flies estimate object distance and navigate in three-dimensional space by transforming optic flow into a map of space through neural circuits.
1860h agoCorticotroph cells integrate corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin through intracellular calcium signalling, with arginine vasopressin driving broad cell recruitment and corticotrophin-releasing hormone modulating how corticotrophs combine these inputs.
1860h agoConfirmation bias affects learning from feedback, with people learning less from false information and more from information that confirms their prior beliefs.
1860h agoGrid cells in the medial temporal lobe show a six-fold modulation of activity in response to movement direction, and this activity is linked to how people represent and recall locations.
1860h agoThe olfactory bulb transforms overlapping odour inputs into more distinct representations, enhancing odour separability by reducing correlations between odour representations and increasing the dimensionality of the population code.
1864h agoTmem44, a protein produced in astrocytes, regulates the abundance of clock proteins by controlling protein translation, and its knockdown disrupts circadian rhythms and reduces global protein synthesis.
1864h agoGoal pursuit generates dynamic attractor modes that produce stability and flexibility by modulating progress monitoring, allowing people to switch objectives and adapt to environmental demands.
1864h agoThe ventral visual stream uses both serial and synergistic population codes, where information is processed in a sequence and shared simultaneously across areas, to recognize objects.
1864h agoA hidden Markov model-based approach can automatically segment beta events from brain activity into discrete high- and low-beta states, producing stable results within individuals and across different measurement sites.
1864h agoAlpha-band EEG signals can be reliably detected from an in-ear electrode during physical activity, enabling fatigue monitoring in real-world conditions such as sports.
1864h agoMice eating a low-protein diet snack more and eat more meals of smaller size, but when given a normal diet again, they eat larger meals.
1864h agoRamadan fasting causes a time-dependent increase in intracortical excitability, marked by a global shift in excitability without specific modulation of inhibitory or facilitatory circuits, alongside decreases in blood glucose and sleep duration.
1864h agoCranial irradiation impairs memory functions, but treatment with dehydrozingerone prevents these cognitive deficits by restoring normal activity of enzymes and genes involved in energy production and metabolism.
1864h agoDecoding where humans are attending in a crowded scene is possible from brain activity measured with a wearable device, using signals from just a few key areas.
1864h ago3DBrainOne, an ImageJ plugin, streamlines 3D histological analysis of the mouse brain, enabling automatic whole-brain cell counting, multi-channel colocalization analysis, and brain region-resolved cell counting and structural analyses.
1864h agoHigh-density RF receive arrays with optimized circuitry and layout improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and approach the theoretical upper bound of available SNR in a large fraction of the head, enabling high-resolution functional and anatomical brain MRI at ultrahigh field strengths.
1864h agoFiberLM, an attention-based Transformer model, reduces false-positive and false-negative connections in mouse brain tractography and generates more accurate whole-brain connectomes.
1864h agoThe Dyn/KOR system inhibits dopamine release and reduces the effect of cocaine on dopamine reuptake by phosphorylating the DAT protein at the Threonine-53 site.
1864h agoThe total electric power of the human brain remains the same across lifespan from 18 to 87 years when males and females are averaged together, but men and women have different age-related changes in brain power.
1868h agoInformation represented reliably in neural activity patterns is more likely to be remembered, but this link between reliability and memory varies across brain regions and stimulus types.
1868h agoNeuropilin-1 (NRP1) regulates basal nociception and pain-like behaviors in mice, and its loss leads to hyposensitivity to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli.
1868h agoMicroglia in a 3D neural model exhibit dynamic responses to injury and disease, showing changes in morphology, surveillance area, motility, and injury response as they mature.
1868h agoThe vestibibular nuclei in lampreys are largely interconnected, and mainly receive inputs from the pretectum and the ventral tier of the thalamus.
1868h agoCirculating CD4+ T cells from people with Parkinson's disease have a dysregulated response to fasting and refeeding, which mediates a metabolic program in neurons that is impaired in the disease.
1868h agoOlder adults show similar overall accuracy to young adults in spatial memory tasks in virtual reality, but differ in strategy use, with older adults having lower variability in pointing when navigating illusory paths and higher variability in control conditions.
1868h agoPsychedelics, such as LSD, reduce pain affect in rats by disrupting the brain's transformation of pain signals into unpleasant experiences.
1868h agoMisfolded synuclein protein conformations determine the resulting disease, and similar structures are maintained when transmitted from a patient to a mouse model.
1868h agoBrain signals can identify and amplify the voice a person wants to hear in a crowded scene, which improves speech perception and clarity in noisy environments.
1872h agoA Geneformer model with over 100 million single-cell human transcriptomes improves biological predictions in network biology and can run with reduced GPU requirements.
1872h agoA large language model can be trained to create a specialized model that generates drug-like molecules with user-specified properties relevant to medicinal chemistry.
1872h agoA study on tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, finds that changes in the brain's gene activity are mirrored in plasma small extracellular vesicles, and identifies a core set of 33 non-coding RNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers for the disease.
1872h agoMultiplexed protein imaging technique 3D CYCLIC and image co-registration algorithm TACTIC enable high-dimensional molecular and structural analysis of individual cells and their interactions in intact organs.
1872h agoIndividuals with higher autistic traits show a selective shift in the direction of brain activity waves in the left hemisphere of the brain.
1876h agoTheta frequency reflects the brain's error signals when its internal navigation system conflicts with external landmarks.
1876h agoSex biases exist in nearly all brain structures and change with age, with males and females showing different patterns of brain development across the lifespan.
1876h agoParietal alpha activity links expectations to metacognitive bias, causing people to make confidence judgments that favor their expectations.
1876h agoParvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons regulate different aspects of egocentric spatial coding in the retrosplenial cortex, with parvalbumin interneurons handling self-motion updates and somatostatin interneurons maintaining stability over time.
1876h agoDeleting a critical glutamate receptor subunit in certain dopamine neurons leads to excessive feeding and weight gain in female mice by altering brain genes involved in energy metabolism and synaptic signaling.
1876h agoThe nucleus accumbens responds more strongly to cues that predict a food reward than to emotional images, and it plays a key role in anticipating the reward, whereas the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is more involved in the experience of receiving the reward.
1876h agoEnvironmental enrichment positively impacts brain function by improving learning, memory, and neuroplasticity through consistent gene expression signatures linked to synaptic function, plasticity, and their transcriptional regulation.
1876h agoInterlocutors' speech patterns and brain activity become more coordinated when they have a positive interaction, with better conversations showing more similarity in voice, and stronger connections between brains.
1876h agoThe hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala coordinate through slow and fast theta oscillations to facilitate or impair working memory, with slow theta synchrony associated with faster response times and fast theta synchrony hindering accuracy and response times.
1876h agoReducing Wnt signaling in immature dentate granule cells plays a role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, and restoring Wnt signaling can prevent pathological changes associated with the condition.
1880h agoA new method called Multi-Atlas Disentangled Connectivity LEarning (MADCLE) learns brain network alterations from different brain atlases and achieves competitive performance in identifying neurological and psychiatric disorders.
1884h agoInteractions between slow and superslow inhibitory processes in the auditory cortex enable flexible phase-locking to a wide range of external acoustic features of the speech stream.
1884h agoThe Poisson matrix-normal latent variable model reveals that shared population co-variability of neural responses peaks in primary visual cortex and declines in higher visual areas.
1884h agoLarge Reasoning Models most closely match human learning behavior and predict brain activity when humans learn and play complex video games.
1884h agoBayesian confidence estimates are driven more by positive evidence that supports a decision, and this happens because the estimates are influenced by the large number of alternative options.
1884h agoPermutation entropy, derived from EEG phase dynamics, distinguishes between different human brain states, particularly consciousness, but has limited ability to identify inattentive-type ADHD.
1884h agoPOYO-CAP, a new pretraining strategy, improves neural decoding by turning the heterogeneity of neural recordings into a learning advantage.
1884h agoINCAMA, a physics-aware method, improves the recovery of directed brain structure by 2-3 times over existing methods, producing sparse and accurate estimates of neural connections from indirect neuroimaging observations.
1884h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have highly individual atypical patterns of eye movement, which are masked by conventional group-mean analyses.
1884h agoNeuralSet, a new Python framework, unifies the processing of diverse neural recordings and complex experimental stimuli, providing a single interface that scales from local prototyping to high-performance cluster execution.
1884h agoA recurrent neural network learns to predict upcoming tokens in a sequence by integrating information about token identity and position, and can adapt to new bindings and out-of-distribution patterns.
1884h agoThe Kuramoto model for N=3 coupled oscillators has a global analytical solution for its phase trajectories, obtained by relating phases to time through Koopman eigenfunctions.
1884h agoThe dynamics of the Toda lattice converge to solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation globally in time under certain conditions.
1884h agoCoherence resonance in excitable systems is obscured by complex dynamics, but a new method extracts optimal noise intensities, revealing a noise-induced transition from sub-threshold shivering to functional synchronization in quiescent biological systems.
1884h agoThe energy-carrying large scales of decaying turbulence show repeatability, while small scales can be modeled as independent random variables.
1884h agoThe Feynman-Kac kernel of the Schrödinger semigroup operator relaxes to equilibrium, and its associated potential can take negative values that represent branching rates in a killed diffusion process with branching.
1884h agoChirality in surface spin waves leads to their reflection in thick magnetic media through excitation of localized bulk modes, limiting their immunity to backscattering.
1884h agoThe supersymmetric Korteweg-de Vries equation has a constrained Hamiltonian formulation with a nontrivial Lagrangian description and a nonlocal contribution to the Hamiltonian density.
1884h agoThe cubic Szegő equation, a classical field theory on a circle, has a Lax integrability structure that allows for an explicit general solution and exhibits nontrivial dynamics with turbulent energy transfer.
1884h agoThe proposed framework infers the coupling strength and natural frequency distribution in a coupled Stuart-Landau oscillator system by observing the linear response of a macroscopic quantity and of an oscillator.
1884h agoTrilinear structures extend the Hirota bilinear formalism in integrable systems, revealing a universal structure that governs the highest-derivative sector of the Ernst system.
1884h agoElectrons in a dielectric can be described as solitons of the polarization field that interact through a short-range mechanism, allowing them to be quantized as fermions or bosons and giving rise to elementary magnetic excitations.
1884h agoPermutation entropy, derived from EEG phase dynamics, distinguishes between different human brain states, particularly consciousness, but has limited ability to identify inattentive-type ADHD.
1884h agoA framework for mechanochemical self-organization in active solids reveals a rich landscape of symmetry-protected phases and a universal transition to compression-driven oscillation death.
1884h agoA strong, resonant laser field can trigger a transient oscillation, like a train of damped solitons, in a rubidium vapor before it reaches a steady state.
1884h agoA Hawking time crystal forms from the self-amplification of spontaneous Hawking radiation, characterized by periodic correlations and the spontaneous emission of pairs of waves and solitons.
1884h agoAgents with internal regulatory variables exhibit effective non-Markovian collective motion through local internal feedback, leading to distinct behaviour such as slow-fast relaxation and feedback-induced hysteresis.
1884h agoInformation can evolve through non-equilibrium dynamics without genes, replication, or predefined fitness functions, driven solely by stability, which biases populations toward longer-lived motifs.
1884h agoA hardware-aware Hopfield network with a nonlinear memristor array increases memory capacity by leveraging the intrinsic characteristics of the memristor to engineer the energy landscape.
1884h agoA two-level dynamical mean-field theory predicts how outliers in neural network spectra evolve with training time, width, output scale, and initialization variance.
1884h agoPeriodic random phase kicks with finite spatial correlation length suppress ballistic transport and induce diffusion in a single-particle wave packet on a one-dimensional lattice.
1884h agoA new method based on semidefinite programming produces two-sided bounds on ground state energy densities and correlation functions of translation-invariant classical spin models on infinite lattices.
1884h agoQuantum annealing helps solve optimisation problems by using a quantum system's energy landscape to find solutions.
1884h agoWeak disorder disrupts the robust propagation of chiral edge states in photonic Chern insulators by forming a topologically trivial impurity band that enables coupling of defect states and chiral edge states.
1884h agoPhysics-informed neural operator framework PFNet accurately predicts microstructure evolution in phase-field simulations by learning conditional evolution operators.
1884h agoDriven-dissipative bosonic lattices provide a direct way to measure the Streda response, which reveals the quantum geometry of Bloch bands and the topological Chern number.
1884h agoClassical preprocessing can simplify some optimisation problems on unit-disk graphs, but dense graphs often retain irreducible parts that are hard to solve classically.
1884h agoA new molecular dynamics framework called PDMD predicts system energy and atomic forces of water clusters with high accuracy and efficiency by using a Gaussian-based geometry descriptor and a graph neural network model.
1884h agoThe optimal learning rate schedule for a deep learning model depends on the model's properties and task, and follows two regimes: a polynomial decay in the easy phase and a warmup-stable-decay in the hard phase.
1884h agoClassifier-free guidance in diffusion models reduces sample diversity by inducing generative distortions that arise when the number of classes grows exponentially with data dimensionality.
1884h agoDeep networks with small initialization exhibit long plateaus separated by sharp feature-acquisition transitions, and their training can be described by a critical-depth escape time law that depends on the number of layers at the bottleneck scale.
1884h agoSaccadic eye movements during memory maintenance improve memory for the location where the eyes move, and this benefit can also spread to other locations within the same object.
1900h agoThe hippocampus encodes cognitive maps of environments by comparing sensory information with predicted features, allowing animals to navigate and learn.
1904h agoThe hippocampal CA2 and CA1 regions change how they encode social information after pair bonding, with CA2 important for detecting novelty and CA1 encoding memories of a pair-bonded mate.
1904h agoA self-limiting orexin-habenula circuit helps people cope with stress by activating a brain pathway that increases dopamine and promotes positive feelings, and chronic stress disrupts this circuit.
1904h agoMetabolic changes in brain regions are coordinated to preserve inter-regional relationships, and this coordination is preserved in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease despite changes in individual metabolites.
1904h agoA new computational framework combines deep learning-based segmentation with surface-based cortical reconstruction to accurately examine the anatomy of postmortem infant brains using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
1904h agoRecalling visual scenes activates a brain region (SPMA/PIGS-mem) that is linked to a scene-perception area (SPPA/PIGS) and is involved in processing memories.
1904h agoEarly bilingualism is associated with extensive neuroanatomical differences in brain structure compared to monolingualism during childhood.
1904h agoLearning to read helps create similar brain patterns for hearing and seeing words in areas responsible for language.
1904h agoTranscranial magnetic stimulation to the lateral parietal cortex improves conceptual memory in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by modulating semantic representations and neural patterns in the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus.
1904h agoThe awake brain's asynchronous states have two distinct types, "underdamped" and "overdamped", with responsiveness maximised at the transition between them.
1904h agoNewborns encode numerosity across different senses in an abstract way within the first days of life, and their brains show a reduced response to matching numbers presented in different ways.
1904h agoCorrelated variability in neuronal spiking activity can be dependent on the condition even when spike counts are not.
1908h agoAging affects pupil dynamics, but not microsaccade dynamics, with changes in pupil responses to events and baseline variability seen in older adults compared to younger adults.
1908h agoFormalin fixation changes quantitative MRI signals in postmortem human brains, with T1 and T2* relaxation times decreasing and T1/T2 ratio and myelin water fraction measures increasing over time.
1912h agoSTREAM, a deep-learning framework, characterizes effective connectivity and whole-brain information flow in task-fMRI, revealing that traditional activation regions are driven by incoming signals and the Default Mode Network acts as a regulatory hub with extensive outgoing influence.
1912h agoThe mouse-tracking go/no-go task reveals that successful inhibition is characterized by shorter path lengths, reduced mean velocity, and reduced mean acceleration compared to go trials, and shows reliable results over time.
1912h agoCortical neurons' spatial tuning properties change over time in a coordinated way across different brain regions, with changes in individual neurons' tuning properties preserved in the overall population code.
1912h agoA generalizable distributed brain architecture underlies both externally elicited and internally generated affective experience, predicting affective intensity, and is altered in depression.
1912h agoThe study developed a method to estimate joint torques in the primate hand, allowing for a continuous mechanical description of grasping and manipulation, and identified individual neurons in the motor cortex related to grasp force, kinematics, and torques.
1912h agoThalamic input triggers dopamine release in the striatum through an acetylcholine-dependent mechanism, and this process is dynamic and linked to learning and motor control.
1928h agoNeurons physically contact a much larger set of potential neighbors than they synaptically connect to, and astrocytes form a single large network that directly contacts nearly all neurons.
1928h agoTensor light-sheet scattering microscopy (tLSSM) maps 3D fiber orientations at micrometer resolution in optically cleared tissues, enabling whole-organ imaging and providing a new standard for mesoscopic connectivity studies.
1932h agoIndividuals with sleep-onset insomnia exhibit a persistent state of elevated EEG-defined vigilance that extends from wakefulness through sleep stages, including REM sleep, and is associated with vigilance instability and delayed accumulation of deep sleep.
1932h agoAging and noise over-exposure cause cochlear degradation that damages hair cells and the cochlear nerve, but hearing tests often miss inner hair cell damage and cochlear synaptopathy.
1932h agoInhibition of return mainly involves attentional-level mechanisms, causing slower response times for stimuli at previously inspected locations due to a more fluctuating accumulation of evidence.
1936h agoDry electroencephalography systems provide adequate sensitivity for assessing cognitive load, with only small differences in performance compared to gel-based systems.
1936h agoA novel brain-inspired framework prioritizes memory in artificial neural networks by using emotional valence, improving long-term retention of important information across multiple memory tasks.
1936h agoFrequency-resolved EEG microstate analysis reveals structured alterations in resting-state brain dynamics in response to altered brain states, including psilocybin microdosing and acute inhaled DMT.
1936h agoOctopamine interacts with six distinct receptors in fruit flies, and these receptors are expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in non-neuronal tissues, playing roles in larval development, chemosensory perception, locomotion, and survival.
1936h agoTestosterone increases the influence of outcome information on competitive decisions by amplifying activity in brain circuits involved in reward and social cognition.
1936h agoThe Brain Encyclopedia Atlas Project provides a unified spatial framework for organizing brain regions, aggregating data from 1,453 human studies to identify and map 108 neocortical fields, 18 cerebellar fields, and other brain structures.
1936h agoTrained athletes and patients with bilateral vestibular loss show similar neural changes due to reduced vestibular processing, but athletes have increased tactile processing and a strengthened tactile-brain pathway that helps with balance control.
1936h agoThe opioidergic system regulates the relationship between curiosity and exploration, particularly when it comes to new and rewarding things like music.
1936h agoTPP2 maintains cerebrovascular structure and function by regulating a calcium-initiated signaling pathway that controls estrogen levels and ether PC production, and its deficiency leads to cerebrovascular degeneration and memory impairment.
1936h agoActive coping during a stressful experience predicts increased impulsive choice and reduced motivation for non-drug rewards, and also increases motivation for alcohol and drug self-administration.
1936h agoThe brain constructs a shared representation of gender across different visual categories, and a specific region in the right middle temporal gyrus (rMTG) encodes gender independently of whether the stimulus is a face, body, or object.
1936h agoThe motor system generates abstract representations that contribute to skill learning, and training on abstract movement patterns improves motor skills.
1936h agoHoney bees' brains respond to magnetic fields, showing a possible way that they sense magnetism, and providing a new way to study how animals detect magnetic fields.
1936h agoFace familiarity is driven by distinct types of information, with visual experience triggering the N250 component, identity associations triggering N170, and semantic knowledge enhancing the SFE component.
1940h agoRepeated opioid exposure and withdrawal engage a distinct brain network, called EN-Withdrawal, which predicts and scales with the severity of opioid withdrawal and escalation of drug-taking.
1940h agoThis study screens for factors that help photoreceptors survive.
1944h agoCerebral vasculature development follows a specific choreography.
1944h agoThere is no paragraph to summarize. Please provide a paragraph, and I will create a simple to read single sentence summary.
1944h agoSeeing and imagining share the same brain cells.
1944h agoThe Bayesian Brain hypothesis uses internal models of the world to explain cognition, and a new framework of modular neural state-space models makes this process more scalable and flexible by using learned and reusable components.
1944h agoMild-to-moderate perinatal hypoxia disrupts maturation of brain circuits, leading to impaired behavioral reflexes and altered brain structure, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex and somatosensory cortex.
1944h agoEarly-life stress is linked to changes in brain structure in adolescents, particularly in females, where positively appraised stressful life events reported by caregivers are associated with cortical thickness and surface area.
1944h agoChronic stress reduces a protein called VGLUT2 in certain brain connections, leading to changes in brain signals and behaviors that resemble depression.
1944h agoHigh cholesterol levels in tumors predict better 2-year survival in patients with a certain type of brain cancer, outperforming a commonly used test.
1944h agoLearning increases the number and strength of task-modulated neurons in the striatum, which develop distinct roles in processing sensory information and actions, with direct and indirect pathways becoming aligned with specific behavioral features.
1948h agoOverexpressing a protein called syb2 improves synaptic function and delays dementia in aging mice by maintaining memory and cognitive abilities.
1948h agoDisrupted migratory guidance of cortical inhibitory neurons leads to persistent functional deficits in the neuronal network, including altered synaptic connectivity and abnormal propagation of sensory stimuli.
1952h agoA dual-pathway architecture, combining basal ganglia-driven reinforcement learning with parallel cortical motor pathways, enables robust sensorimotor learning by converging to global optima and reproducing key features of song learning in songbirds.
1952h agoThe entorhinal cortex of different mammalian species has conserved and species-specific neuron populations, connectivity, and molecular signaling that underlie shared and unique navigational strategies.
1952h agoThe development of the brain's functional cortical hierarchy during adolescence is shaped by both chronological age and pubertal stage, leading to substantial individual differences in maturational trajectories.
1952h agoOLM2 interneurons in different parts of the hippocampus control distinct behaviors, with those in the intermediate hippocampus influencing object exploration and those in the ventral hippocampus modulating arousal and emotionally driven avoidance.
1952h agoThe ER resident proteins VAPA and VAPB organize presynaptic Ca2+ exchange and mobilize synaptic vesicles by interacting with voltage-gated potassium channels at the plasma membrane.
1952h agoBrain activity and body movements can be used to predict a person's intentions during intense sports activities, such as hitting a left or right shot in table tennis, with brain signals providing more accurate predictions than body movements.
1952h agoSimilarity in decoding behavior does not imply similarity in function or computation, because it can arise from small, non-representative subpopulations of neurons.
1956h agoA unique Riemannian representational geometry emerges from neural population responses, capturing how sensory information is encoded and represented in the brain.
1956h agoBrain and model preserve the same transformations among stimuli to a certain extent, with semantic axes aligning strongly with higher-level visual cortex and deeper DNN layers, and low-level visual axes aligning with earlier visual cortex and shallower layers.
1956h agoPairwise time-delayed information flow can accurately recover structural connectivity in nonlinear networks without needing high-dimensional conditioning or prior knowledge of the underlying dynamics.
1956h agoBrain-to-image reconstruction models face a bottleneck in zero-shot reconstruction due to data scarcity, and mathematical analysis reveals guidelines for designing effective translators and feature representations to overcome this limitation.
1956h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have highly individual atypical patterns of eye movement, which conventional group-mean analyses often miss.
1956h agoIntrinsic channel noise fundamentally reshapes neural excitability by acting as an active dynamical force that triggers stochastic awakening, coherence resonance, and noise-accelerated escape, leading to pathological hyperexcitability.
1956h agoBrain-like intelligent systems can learn more efficiently with a new method called Feedback-regulated REsidual recurrent neural network (FRE-RNN) which reduces the computational cost and training time of Equilibrium Propagation.
1956h agoEEG foundation models based on latent prediction, like Laya, learn to encode semantic structure in EEG, tracking clinically meaningful state changes and achieving strong clinical accuracy even in noisy conditions.
1956h agoRogue waves are more likely to occur in chaotic wave fields with higher initial disturbance intensity, which also leads to a transition from breather turbulence to soliton turbulence and an asymmetric wave-action spectrum.
1956h agoThe Frustrated Distance Matrix model reveals that structural changes in a point process, such as a collapse from a uniform configuration to a one-dimensional ring, can be detected through spectral diagnostics of the distance matrix.
1956h agoTrilinear structures, an extension of the Hirota bilinear formalism, represent a universal structure governing the highest-derivative sector of the Ernst system, providing a new perspective on integrability.
1956h agoThe analytical framework determines the probability distribution of random nonlinear wave fields governed by the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and results in an explicit integral representation for the probability density function of the intensity of the resulting turbulent wave field.
1956h agoChaos in systems causes model multiplicity to evolve exponentially over time, and a new theoretical framework helps to characterize and manage this issue, leading to improved decision quality in machine learning applications.
1956h agoA statistical field theory, called the Frustrated Fields model, describes the behavior of Brownian particles with random interactions on a two-dimensional surface, and simulations show that the particle density concentrates on a slowly moving ring with specific properties.
1956h agoThe forced vibro-impact oscillator with friction and elastic walls exhibits a coexistence of stable islands and dissipative attractors in its phase space.
1956h agoPotts machines are outperformed by Ising machines on multi-state problems, even in situations where they are expected to perform better.
1956h agoMultiple frequency clusters of oscillators with distinct mean frequencies can coexist and are created by homoclinic bifurcations, not Hopf bifurcations, in a globally coupled system.
1956h agoA variant of the Eisenhart lift embeds a Lagrangian conservative dynamical system into timelike geodesics of a conformally flat metric on a higher dimensional space-time.
1956h agoA vector reformulation of Hirota's bilinear formalism allows for the construction of explicit soliton solutions in a coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries system, enabling a unified treatment of different regimes and revealing the existence of nontrivial vector ground states.
1956h agoA new method called "turbuloscope" efficiently generates turbulent fields relevant to high-Reynolds-number engineering flows by leveraging the multiscale structures of turbulence, achieving an exponential speedup compared to classical methods.
1956h agoSphalerons evolve into an accelerating kink-antikink pair that separates and approaches the speed of light when subjected to a growing perturbation in a class of quartic Klein-Gordon models.
1956h agoProtons accelerated by the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism produce several radioisotopes, and their energy distribution allows derivation of the temperature of the TNSA plasma and evaluation of alpha particle yields.
1956h agoFlow matching learns a nonparametric, memory-augmented continuous-time dynamical system that constitutes an ordinary differential equation whose dynamics is a similarity-weighted mixture of instantaneous velocities induced by observed transitions.
1956h agoIntrinsic channel noise fundamentally reshapes neural excitability by acting as an active dynamical force that triggers stochastic awakening, coherence resonance, and noise-accelerated escape, leading to pathological hyperexcitability.
1956h agoA statistical mixture of activation functions in deep neural networks provides a new mechanism for a continuous phase transition, allowing for scale-invariant propagation without sacrificing smoothness.
1956h agoMany-body localization models exhibit drifts towards delocalization with increasing system size due to the proliferation of many-body resonances at intermediate disorder strengths.
1956h agoThe critical phase of quasiperiodic systems exhibits a pronounced spatial heterogeneity that distinguishes it from extended and localized phases.
1956h agoProper driving protocol can resist thermalization in periodically driven many-body localized systems, turning them into a non-ergodic extended phase called the many-body critical phase.
1956h agoThis lecture notes introduce statistical physics concepts relevant to neural networks and deep learning, covering topics such as phase transitions, Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution, and the connection to Hopfield networks, Boltzmann machines, and modern deep learning.
1956h agoStrong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking forces subsystem charge indefiniteness, which is marked by an extensive lower bound on block-charge variance.
1956h agoThe introduction of disorder does not affect the presence or absence of a measurement-induced phase transition in a monitored fermionic system.
1956h agoAmorphous alumina surfaces have a complex structure with oxygen-enriched outermost layers, altered polyhedral connectivity, and under-coordinated motifs that act as reactive sites.
1956h agoA statistical field theory, called the Frustrated Fields model, describes the behavior of Brownian particles with random interactions on a two-dimensional surface, and simulations show that the particle density concentrates on a slowly moving ring with specific properties.
1956h agoThe Frustrated Distance Matrix model reveals that structural changes in a point process, such as a collapse from a uniform configuration to a one-dimensional ring, can be detected through spectral diagnostics of the distance matrix.
1956h agoA Laplacian-based renormalization framework preserves role separation in bipartite networks, revealing that structural imbalance reshapes organization across scales, while scaling properties remain unchanged.
1956h agoClass imbalance and heterogeneity in datasets shape the training dynamics of diffusion models, with class variance primarily determining the learning order and sampling imbalance modulating this ordering.
1956h agoDisorders can induce topological phases in materials, making them robust against certain disorders and changing their topological properties.
1956h agoThe equivalence between real-space topological invariants, including the local Chern marker and the spectral localizer invariant, is demonstrated through a systematic perturbative expansion.
1956h agoReinforcement learning with verifiable rewards enables large language models to acquire multi-step reasoning from sparse final-answer signals by driving the model through a process of nucleation, growth, and freezing into directed inverse trees.
1956h agoThe study finds that a tunable quantum circuit model allows for controllable learnability and scalability of quantum dynamics, enabling a transition from classically tractable to maximally expressive quantum processing.
1956h agoDiscrete time crystals exhibit a robust subharmonic response in periodically driven quantum systems, characterized by a period-doubling response and multiple-period response with beating dynamics, and their lifetime grows exponentially with system size.
1956h agoTransformers can extrapolate to arbitrary task sizes with controllable error when they capture combinatorial tasks, and their computational complexity is bounded by efficient polynomial-time heuristics.
1956h agoA deep-kernel Gaussian process surrogate model with sparse variational inference outperforms feed-forward neural networks in predicting spectral functions, even when trained on a small dataset.
1956h agoRandomly connected noisy spiking networks can approximate integration over a finite region of parameter space, with mean-field theory revealing simple dynamics governed by mean weights and noise.
1956h agoThe AI system PEREGRINE detects and reduces out-of-voxel artifacts in real-time during MR pulse sequences by updating the crusher gradient scheme, resulting in improved scan quality.
1960h agoConsciousness recovery from general anesthesia occurs in three hierarchical stages: reflex restitution, level restoration, and content re-establishment, each with unique brain activity patterns.
1960h agoGreater baseline vestibulomotor weighting is associated with increased susceptibility to cybersickness, and reductions in vestibular contributions during virtual reality exposure reflect adaptive reweighting that is insufficient to prevent instability and symptom progression.
1960h agoClec7a regulates microglial activation and promotes disease progression in ALS by shaping microglial functions and affecting motor neuron degeneration.
1960h agoAttention operates within afterimages, with pupil size tracking the brightness of the attended stimulus both during perceptual fading and perception of afterimages.
1960h agoInterleukin-18 (IL-18) protects against traumatic fear memory by regulating communication between microglia and neurons in the hippocampus, restoring synaptic function and reducing fear memory.
1960h agoHuman midbrain organoids exposed to long-term microgravity on the International Space Station showed robust neurite outgrowth, cytoskeletal remodeling, and selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons.
1960h agoA photoswitchable drug, azo-THC-3, suppresses seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy when activated by UV light in the epileptic focus, without causing common side effects.
1960h agoSubthreshold depression impairs incidental encoding of self-face identity, but not other information, likely due to a negative self-concept that reduces the salience of one's own face.
1960h agoSinging reward is a multidimensional construct with five distinct facets: pleasure, social reward, frequency, mood regulation, and inattentional singing, and this construct can be reliably measured using the Barcelona-Aarhus Natural Singing Engagement Questionnaire.
1964h agoMicroglia act as a protective brake on levodopa-induced dyskinesia, a complication of Parkinson's disease, by restraining maladaptive plasticity through sTREM2-TrkB signaling.
1964h agoKnocking down the FOXP2 gene in the striatum disrupts vocalization stability in marmoset monkeys, leading to altered vocal features and increased variability in their calls.
1964h agoFibrin disrupts interactions between microglia and neurons, promoting neuronal hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease.
1964h agoApoE4 lipidation state contributes to microglial dysfunction, with lipid-bound ApoE4 driving metabolic reprogramming and lipid-free ApoE4 promoting inflammatory signaling.
1964h agoSmartphone interactions like video scrolling and gaming trigger different physiological responses, and a new deep learning model can classify these interactions with high accuracy using multimodal signals like EEG and eye-tracking.
1964h agoFv-HSP72 protein treatment inhibits neurodegeneration and oxidative stress after brain injury.
1964h agoMPA Foxp2 neurons play a key role in inducing therapeutic hypothermia, which can suppress systemic metabolism and inhibit tumor growth.
1968h agoNeural activity during listening predicts when and how long a speaker will respond, with early activity reflecting how long they will speak and later activity related to initiating their response.
1968h agoGray matter volume differences in the left perisylvian cortex between individuals with reading disability and controls do not reliably replicate across studies, and analysis approaches can influence the results.
1968h agoPrefrontal neurons encode multiple task variables in a highly structured way, with coding gradients that are orthogonal to each other in a multidimensional representational space.
1968h agoGestures reduce neural load in language-related regions before speech starts, suggesting they support speech planning by facilitating lexical retrieval or semantic structuring.
1968h agoCerebellar microzones enable ensemble learning through heterogeneous plasticity and nonlinear information processing, allowing them to perform pattern recognition tasks and scale their memorization capacity.
1968h agoThe childhood environment strongly influences white matter architecture in the brain, with more advantaged environments linked to larger and more organized white matter tracts.
1972h agoMicroglia preserve fear memory by selectively removing extinction-ensemble synapses, which helps to maintain the original fear memory and limits the effectiveness of extinction.
1972h agoFrontal cortex neurons' apical tuft dendrites and somata process sensorimotor information differently during motor skill learning, with tuft dendrites mainly tracking sensory cues and somata tracking both sensory cues and actions.
1972h agoMusic can be used as a tool for people to control and improve their brain's reward system, leading to a potential new approach for treating conditions like anhedonia.
1972h agoThe brain's lateral prefrontal cortex shows bidirectional convergence of information about multiple task features during attentional selection, especially when an object is selected based on a cue.
1972h agoThe motor system regulates attentional sampling by providing rhythmic signals that prioritize and sample perceptual targets, helping to overcome attentional limitations.
1972h agoAging alters the organization of neural activity in the hippocampus, disrupting the usual gradient of neural timescales and leading to coarser, more gist-like memory.
1972h agoEvolutionary optimization enables neural networks to learn rapidly, and evolutionarily conditioned networks can be fine-tuned to optimal performance with little data.
1976h agoPorphyromonas gingivalis infection drives microglial lipid accumulation, which impairs their function and may accelerate Alzheimer's disease progression.
1976h agoIntrinsic channel noise fundamentally reshapes neural excitability by acting as an active dynamical force that triggers stochastic transitions, including stochastic awakening, coherence resonance, and noise-accelerated escape, in a state-dependent manner.
1980h agoA new general AI system, CTM-AI, combines a formal machine model of consciousness with today's foundation models to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on multiple tasks.
1980h agoThe free energy principle's biological implementation can arise from ordinary recurrent dynamics driven by sensory input through a process of generalized synchronization.
1980h agoA new model called TRIBE v2 accurately predicts human brain activity in various conditions and enables computer experimentation, revealing the organization of the human brain.
1980h agoNeural alignment with the human visual cortex improves the robustness of deep convolutional neural networks to adversarial attacks, but this is not primarily because it changes their reliance on low spatial frequencies or a specific "human channel".
1980h agoA new family of mathematical indices can identify genuine interactions among multiple brain signals where a frequency arises from the combination of multiple components.
1980h agoUsing Think Aloud traces, in addition to behavioral data, helps create more accurate computational cognitive models that better predict human decision-making under risk.
1980h agoLow-rank recurrent neural networks learn through changes in synaptic connections that are governed by a low-dimensional system of equations, which distinguishes between two types of overlaps that affect learning and network function.
1980h agoA scalar reduction method can determine the existence and stability of phase-locked states in forced or coupled biological oscillator models by capturing the effects of nonlinear heterogeneity and coupling strength.
1980h agoEveryday human-computer interactions contain accurate information about a person's mental health, which can be extracted using a new machine-learning framework called MAILA.
1980h agoConsciousness arises from a single control agent, the Modelerschema, which monitors and regulates the brain's internal World Model to generate experience.
1980h agoThe core computation of attention in transformer architectures can be reinterpreted as Pavlovian conditioning, where attention operations construct transient associative memories via a Hebbian rule.
1980h agoThe thermodynamic efficiency of nonequilibrium systems maximizes at phase transitions, and this efficiency diverges from inferential efficiency as the system moves away from equilibrium.
1980h agoA single morphogen diffusing across layered two-dimensional media with nonlinear coupling between layers can generate stable patterns in time and space.
1980h agoIntrinsic channel noise fundamentally reshapes neural excitability by acting as an active dynamical force that triggers stochastic transitions, including stochastic awakening, coherence resonance, and noise-accelerated escape, in a state-dependent manner.
1980h agoInter-layer delay acts as a control mechanism for spatial coherence in a two-layer multiplex network, inducing a transition from fragmented incoherence to coherent traveling-wave states.
1980h agoSynthetic spin-orbit and Rabi couplings control the stability and dynamics of dark-bright solitons in a one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate.
1980h agoA lag consensus protocol ensures stability in multi-agent cyber-physical networks subject to random noise and input failures.
1980h agoThe geometry of a billiard boundary determines its dynamics, and bean- and peanut-shaped billiards with varying curvature show a strong correlation between classical and quantum dynamics in the chaotic regime.
1980h agoThe classification of 4 x 4 solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation is now complete, including both regular solutions and additional non-regular solutions that relate to Lax operators and a modified Yang-Baxter equation.
1980h agoA non-commutative five-dimensional Chern-Simons theory compactifies to a Lagrangian formulation of the KP equation, and its dispersionless limit is described by Poisson-Chern-Simons theory.
1980h agoNonlinear chiral steady states exist in a trio of coupled parametric oscillators with modulation phases chosen to selectively amplify a circulating mode.
1980h agoLiouville integrable systems on compact connected symplectic manifolds have smooth connected isotropic submanifolds as their singular fibers.
1980h agoNeural quantum states can simulate the dissipative dynamics of light-matter-coupled systems with up to 40 atoms in dense arrays.
1980h agoA new method estimates a machine learning model's expected output for Gaussian inputs without using sampling, instead using approximate representations of activation distributions to achieve the same accuracy with fewer calculations.
1980h agoA new algorithm generates disordered spatial networks with tailored structural properties by controlling disorder through adjusting bond-bending force constant and temperature profile.
1980h agoModern Hopfield networks with continuous states have a maximum theoretical capacity of $\alpha = 0.5$ at zero temperature, and their ability to retrieve memories depends on the type of kernel used and the network load.
1980h agoA new algorithm called microcanonical simulated annealing reduces the need for random numbers in computer simulations, making it suitable for massively parallel computation and compatible with standard simulation results.
1980h agoThe brain's spatial representations can be explained as a spectral embedding of the Laplacian, which guides navigation by encoding the environment's geometry to enable efficient goal-reaching.
1980h agoBCL-XL is a potential regulator of pericyte and microglial resilience in Parkinson's disease, and its upregulation is linked to -Synuclein strain-specific responses in pericytes and broader neurovascular alterations.
1980h agoA new single-vector chemogenetic tool, uniSynK, enables robust and safe induction of dendritic spine enlargement, simplifying the study of synaptic plasticity in neural circuits and behavior.
1980h agoAbdominal muscle activity dynamically controls the diameter of superior sagittal sinus and bridging veins, regulating cerebral blood flow through mechanical coupling with the abdomen.
1980h agoOzanimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, rescues synaptic spine deficits, reduces Aβ pathology, and decreases neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
1980h agoBirth by cesarean section leads to increased weight gain and changes in brain dopamine regulation, but treating newborns with oxytocin and arginine vasopressin hormones can prevent these effects.
1984h agoTraumatic brain injury suppresses Nrf2 signaling, leading to increased oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, immune cell infiltration, and poor functional recovery.
1984h agoVoluntary contraction in one limb increases motor output in a distant limb by facilitating both cortical and spinal pathways.
1984h agoAnodal tDCS has a small effect on improving motor performance in healthy adults, but the evidence is not reliable and more studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
1984h agoGlucuronyl C5-epimerase (Glce) regulates hippocampal dendritic integrity and stress resilience by activating a PI3K-BDNF signaling pathway, and its deficiency is linked to depressive-like behaviors and reduced levels in depressed individuals.
1984h agoCortico-cortical paired associative stimulation delivered at the positive phase of ongoing theta oscillations induces distinct changes in evoked EEG activity and fronto-parietal connectivity in adult human participants.
1984h agoElectrocorticography features, including functional connectivity measures, help identify functionally critical cortex, with motor-critical electrodes identified most accurately, followed by speech arrest, and language-critical electrodes more difficult to predict.
1984h agoFriedreich ataxia causes severe damage to sensory neurons and their supporting satellite glial cells, and also leads to earlier and more severe changes in astrocytes than neurons in the brain.
1992h agoVascular dysfunction follows two distinct patterns, a hypovascular state and a hyper-vascular state with blood-brain barrier leakage, which is linked to memory impairment and shares characteristics with vascular dementia.
1992h agoBlocking the interaction between the blood protein fibrin and microglia reduces brain network dysfunction, including hyperexcitability and sleep disruption, in a model of Alzheimer's disease.
1992h agoInhibiting IL-6 signaling with tocilizumab improves long-term functional recovery after experimental stroke in aged male mice, but not females, unless a higher dose is used.
1992h agoCoupling nonlinearities in astrocytes increase the propensity of their membrane voltage to bistability and front propagation.
1992h agoHuman hippocampal ripples and replay interact with the prefrontal cortex to update mental representations, allowing the brain to combine familiar elements in new ways for flexible planning and inference.
1996h agoThe brain selects and implements distinct strategies during adaptive problem solving by using different neural dynamics in the frontal cortex to suit the situation.
1996h agoThe brain quickly combines stress and rhythm patterns to process vowels in continuous speech, enhancing responses to stressed syllables and metrically regular speech.
1996h agoThe ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) develops its ability to represent visual categories in a prolonged and distinct way, forming hemisphere-specific patterns that differ from those in posterior visual cortex.
1996h agoADHD is linked to differences in neural dynamics, but brain-behaviour organization follows a developmental axis that cuts across diagnostic boundaries.
1996h agoThe default mode network's subnetworks support and represent memory for emotional events in distinct ways, with the dorsomedial subnetwork providing an affective frame and the medial temporal subnetwork contributing perceptual specificity.
1996h agoPrioritization enhances the representation of prioritized information in working memory during maintenance, not during encoding, and this enhancement supports better performance.
1996h agoA computational framework combining diffusion MRI and gene co-expression gradients infers directionality in white matter pathways, predicting synaptic connectivity and region-to-region directionality in animal models and revealing interdigitated sink/source network architecture in human brains.
1996h agoCerebellar pathways can be accurately reconstructed in vivo using a new framework called ACCURAT, which combines diffusion MRI and anatomical priors to map connections between the cerebellum and other brain regions.
1996h agoThe brain uses the chemical acetylcholine to distinguish between expected and unexpected uncertainties, which helps update memory and facilitate learning.
1996h agoHippocampal representations support fear generalization by changing the way neutral and aversive contexts are represented in the brain, making the neutral context more similar to the aversive one and applying a shared transformation across contexts.
2000h agoIschaemic block of large-diameter axons increases the contribution of persistent inward currents to discharge rate modulation in motor units, affecting how muscles respond to neural signals.
2000h agoSensory input affects sympathetic activation, which is connected to learning, and this connection was found in both a laboratory and a classroom context.
2000h agoNeuralSet, a new Python framework, unifies the processing of diverse neural recordings and complex experimental stimuli, enabling scalable and efficient analysis of large neural datasets.
2004h agoCusped singularities provide a universal mechanism for mixed-mode oscillations in coupled slow-fast systems with mutual inhibition, leading to complex oscillatory dynamics in inhibitory neural networks.
2004h agoA scalar reduction method can determine the existence and stability of phase-locked states in forced or coupled biological oscillator models by capturing the effects of nonlinear heterogeneity and coupling strength.
2004h agoExperiential awareness is necessary for higher-level reasoning in biological organisms because of evolutionary history, but artificial systems can be designed with high intelligence without it.
2004h agoNew modeling approach, behavior-decomposed linear dynamical systems, disentangles neural subsystems to identify how they relate to behavior and distinguish behavior-generating networks from internal computations.
2004h agoHumans leverage experience from one task to learn solutions to other tasks they could have done but didn't, and this ability can be replicated in artificial agents to improve their performance.
2004h agoThe prediction horizon shapes the learning problem and helps models capture the underlying dynamics of the environment, leading to the emergence of structured world models in predictive learning.
2004h agoThe covariance matrix of large nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings takes the same form as that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
2004h agoA passive linear optical reservoir with a photodetector can enhance performance and attractor reconstruction capabilities by incorporating transient coupling and delayed feedback.
2004h agoTruncating the Grunwald-Letnikov memory term in a fractional Duffing oscillator changes the dynamics, requiring a certain amount of retained memory to preserve coherence, which depends on the forcing regime, fractional order, and nonlinear sensitivity.
2004h agoTransformers fail to capture system collapse when trained on normal parameter regimes and tested on unseen regimes, unlike reservoir computing which reliably predicts transitions.
2004h agoA finite-size gradient-transport framework reveals that two language models, Pico-LM and Pythia, have different transport regimes, with Pico-LM showing positive duration scaling and negative intensive-efficiency scaling, and Pythia remaining near a baseline with weak positive efficiency scale dependence.
2004h agoThe local-operator entanglement asymptotically reproduces the Page curve for random states in the case of traceless operators, with exponentially deviating corrections.
2004h agoSimultaneous saddle-node bifurcations in two coupled systems produce surprisingly complicated dynamics that require four parameters to unfold and include various local and global bifurcations.
2004h agoThe dimer model's correlations on a planar bipartite graph are encoded by the inverse of the Kasteleyn matrix, which can now be explicitly obtained for a large family of finite subgraphs with specific zig-zag boundaries.
2004h agoEcho-State Networks successfully learn and reproduce the chaotic behavior and statistical properties of the competitive Lotka-Volterra model, including rare events and tail behavior.
2004h agoThe stability of the superradiant state in quasi-2D perovskites is governed by a 2D nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which shows that interactions with phonons reduce the intensity of stable waves and that a stable soliton solution exists.
2004h agoEntropy-Optimal Manifold Clustering (EOMC) mitigates issues with existing dimensionality reduction tools in nonstationary and nonlinear situations, allowing for more accurate prediction and data compression.
2004h agoThe Duffing-Holmes oscillator with a double-well potential exhibits a range of dynamics, including period-doubling routes to chaos, multistability, and antiperiodic orbits, which are mapped out in a high-resolution two-dimensional phase diagram.
2004h agoA comparative algebraic framework reveals that Rule 22, a simple cellular automaton, has a support-set cardinality that follows a specific formula, and its symmetry properties help explain the behavior of another related automaton, Rule 30.
2004h agoA finite-size gradient-transport framework reveals that two language models, Pico-LM and Pythia, have different transport regimes, with Pico-LM showing positive duration scaling and negative intensive-efficiency scaling, and Pythia remaining near a baseline with weak positive efficiency scale dependence.
2004h agoScalable spin squeezing in interacting spin ensembles is achieved under specific conditions that depend on the properties of the interaction graph and the symmetry breaking transition.
2004h agoEigenstates near the spectral edges of a many-body quantum system contain more information about their underlying Hamiltonian than mid-spectrum eigenstates, allowing for more accurate reconstruction from a single eigenstate.
2004h agoThe number of local optima in fitness landscapes is determined by the correlation of fitness effects and the distribution of epistatic interactions across the genotype space.
2004h agoThe study of quantum charge transport in 2D networks with magnetic and spin-orbit interactions reveals that conductance exhibits different periodicities in diffusive and ballistic regimes.
2004h agoThe localization length of electrons in an isolated band with quantum metric stops decreasing and becomes pinned at a certain value as disorder increases, forming a localization length plateau known as the quantum metric localization regime.
2004h agoThe study of one-dimensional quasiperiodic many-body localized systems reveals slow dynamics with structured growth of number entropy and quasiparticle width, caused by modulation of Rabi oscillation amplitude of single-particle hoppings.
2004h agoThe covariance matrix of large nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings takes the same form as that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
2004h agoCategorisation preserves information about a target variable, and its usefulness depends on the specific variable being preserved, not just compression or separability.
2004h agoA biologically motivated controller that combines a virtual trajectory, visuomotor feedback, and spinal reflexes enables a 34-muscle arm to partially reproduce the smoothness and bell-shape of human reaching movements.
2004h agoLoss of Rptor function leads to cortical microcephaly due to tissue-wide effects, while Rptor is required within specific cells for the survival of projection neurons.
2004h agoA computational model reveals that monkeys quickly assess risk and switch between optimism and pessimism when making decisions, using a distinct control rule to regulate this bias.
2004h agoWomen with Alzheimer's disease have a more severe neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative phenotype than men, with distinct molecular and pathological features across the retina and brain.
2008h agoA novel approach using a metal eyelid speculum as electrodes produces reproducible and reliable electroretinography recordings in rabbits.
2008h agoA new compound, W2A-28, inhibits certain enzymes and activates a key signaling pathway, offering potential as a multi-target treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
2008h agoNeurotensin modulation reduces palatable food consumption in mice by differentially affecting GABAergic signaling in extended amygdala subregions.
2008h agoA classifier combining action potential waveform morphology and discharge dynamics achieves robust discrimination between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in recordings from multiple species and preparation types.
2008h agoManganese Accumulation for Genetically Inducible Contrast (MAGIC) MRI enables noninvasive neural tracing and high-resolution visualization of neural populations and projections in living brains.
2008h agoPropofol reorganizes the spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in the cortex, changing wave dynamics, increasing propagation speed, and altering firing activity.
2008h agoThe parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) controls alcohol drinking in mice, with its influence switching from reducing to increasing alcohol consumption after the mice become dependent on alcohol.
2008h agoExcitatory cross-connections between the left and right suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) help regulate freerunning behavior and prevent splitting, while the strength and polarity of these connections play a key role in transitioning between split and unsplit activity.
2008h agoDownregulating Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase in dopaminergic neurons disrupts calcium regulation, leads to presynaptic dysfunction, and increases vulnerability to premature neuronal death.
2008h agoThe organization of moment-to-moment brain interactions reflects behaviorally relevant information, including structured coordination patterns, individual differences in personality, and mental health.
2008h agoExtinction training suppresses alcohol seeking by changing the activity of specific brain cells in the striatum, involving reduced activity of some brain cells and increased activity of others.
2008h agoCorticotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons in the anterodorsal preoptic area help mice recover from torpor by initiating rewarming and restoring normal body temperature.
2008h agoOn-Off coding is a latent property of visual circuits that can generate mixed responses to stimulus changes, which are normally suppressed by inhibitory circuitry but can be unmasked by disrupting inhibition.
2008h agoVisual working memory relies on at least two distinct representations: an unconscious memory trace and a consciously accessible, integrated representation that guides behavior.
2008h agoThe touchscreen-based rat analog of the Mnemonic Similarity Task does not detect age-related mnemonic discrimination deficits in rats, despite being sensitive to stimulus similarity.
2008h agoA neuron-specific quality-control compartment called SolAS emerges in neurites as neurons age, helping to sequester and clear misfolded proteins and maintain protein balance.
2008h agoRepeated concussions cause dose-dependent behavioral, cellular, and circuit dysfunctions in flies, including reduced lifespan, impaired cognition, and disrupted neural plasticity.
2008h agoAperiodic and periodic brain activity features modulate corticospinal excitability, with higher aperiodic and periodic mu-power associated with larger motor evoked potentials and higher aperiodic exponent associated with smaller motor evoked potentials.
2012h agoAlpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils trigger a reorganization of calcium channels in neurons, leading to increased calcium influx and aberrant excitation-transcription coupling.
2016h agoThe presence of humanized amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotypes together causes greater brain-wide volume reductions in mice, with Apolipoprotein E4 having modest effects on its own.
2016h agoDeep learning tools accurately track and classify rodent behavior in spaceflight, with pose tracking accuracy similar to human labeling and behavioral classification accuracy of 0.86-0.90.
2016h agoT-cells are present in the dorsal root ganglion of humans, non-human primates, and pigs, and play a role in sensory abnormalities and pain, with differences in frequency and distribution across species and demographics.
2016h agoThe visual system of flies uses diverse temporal filters to efficiently encode natural motion by distributing information across different timescales.
2016h agoUsing an ultrahigh-field fMRI system, researchers achieve unprecedented resolution to comprehensively map the hippocampus with robust image quality, allowing for the study of functional microcircuits in individual subjects. Here is a rewritten version in a simpler sentence: High-resolution imaging of the hippocampus is now possible using an ultrahigh-field fMRI system, allowing for the study of its functional microcircuits.
2016h agoPerivascular spaces in the brain are organized in a hierarchical pattern along vascular trees, extending from major surface arteries into deep brain regions, and follow the vascular topology.
2016h agoDARPP-32 plays a critical role in cortical synaptic plasticity and is important for motor skill learning by regulating corticothalamic neurons.
2016h agoEstrogen-related receptor gamma plays a crucial role in normal cochlear innervation and maturation, and its deficiency leads to early-onset hearing loss due to malformations in cochlear neurons, innervation, and inner hair cell synaptic defects.
2016h agoDipyridamole prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, neuron degeneration, and death in cells from patients with ALS and Alzheimer's disease, and increases mitochondrial respiration and pyruvate uptake.
2016h agoAstrocyte calcium signaling directly modulates neural circuit dynamics by increasing neuronal activity, presynaptic release probability, and glutamatergic transmission.
2016h agoBenzo[a]pyrene exposure causes developmental neurotoxicity by disrupting normal brain cell development through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway, leading to premature brain cell formation and organization defects.
2016h agoPrefrontal circuits dynamically coordinate to encode attention-weighted value signals, which helps shape state representations and learning in complex environments.
2016h agoThe mesoscopic vascular network in the human brain shows a heterogeneous landscape of vascular density across the cortex, with clear relationships to traditional areal boundaries.
2016h agoNeural activity encoding manual actions maps onto distinct zones in the primate motor cortex, with arm and hand zones showing different selectivity for task phases and target objects.
2016h agoCircadian rhythm desynchrony affects sleep, body temperature, and brain activity differently depending on the type of disruption, with EEG outputs being the most sensitive indicator of internal desynchrony.
2016h agoAstrocytic calcium–cholesterol–AQP4 signaling drives glymphatic dysfunction in early Alzheimer’s disease.
2020h agoCryo-electron microscopy and electrophysiology reveal the structural basis for calcium permeation and magnesium block in NMDA receptors and a surrounding lipid network that tunes magnesium-dependent voltage sensitivity.
2020h agoDeepSeMS, a transformer-based generative framework, translates biodiversity into chemical diversity by predicting microbial secondary metabolite structures from biosynthetic gene cluster sequences, uncovering novel molecular structures and expanding natural product candidates for drug discovery.
2020h agoDifferences in how motoneurons respond to neuromodulation allow for brief periods of independent activity, even when they receive the same synaptic input.
2020h agoThe rodent accessory olfactory system uses bile acid information to discriminate between fecal samples from different species and individuals with varying gut microbiome states.
2020h agoFederated analysis methods enable multisite studies without sharing participant-level information, but practical hurdles prevent large-scale adoption, and solutions from recent neuroinformatics projects offer a way forward.
2020h agoMicroglia move towards adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and some move towards dopamine (DA), and their movement and shape change in response to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory signals.
2020h agoThe protein Pten regulates the production of brain cells from radial glial progenitor cells, with distinct functions in producing projection neurons and astrocytes to ensure a correctly-sized cerebral cortex.
2020h agoAPOE4 gene causes changes in brain cell connections and networks that mirror those seen in Alzheimer's disease, leading to fragile and inefficient networks with impaired communication and organization.
2020h agoCreative success is associated with specific patterns of brain activity before and during idea generation, characterized by diverse resting-state patterns and a biased traversal of the brain's state space towards sustained exploration.
2020h agoMAGEL2 regulates human cortical development, and its disruption leads to defects in progenitor proliferation, neuronal maturation, migration, adhesion, and synaptic development, which are common to Schaaf-Yang syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome.
2020h agoNeurons use calcium dynamics to sense and control both the average and variability of their spiking activity, allowing them to maintain stability against input disturbances.
2024h agoDopamine systems in the brain coordinate to balance reward seeking and threat avoidance by having distinct roles: one system facilitates goal-directed navigation towards rewards, while the other facilitates immediate threat responses.
2024h agoInfancy's rapid brain changes require defining spatial brain coordinates that remain interpretable across age, and researchers find that using age-specific cortical harmonic coordinates improves the accuracy of EEG analysis.
2024h agoThe natural frequencies of brain regions, which reflect their inherent rhythmic properties, remain largely stable across tasks but show task-dependent shifts in specific cortical areas.
2024h agoTraumatic events cause changes in the activity of certain brain cells called NPY+ interneurons in the amygdala, which may contribute to anxiety.
2024h agoThe medial preoptic area neurons of dominant mice have decreased oxytocin and vasopressin expression and less co-expression of multiple neuropeptides compared to subordinate mice, and this relationship differs between males and females.
2024h agoSpontaneous neural activity has a high-dimensional nature that grows proportionally with the number of neurons, but its reliable dimensionality saturates to an asymptotic value as the number of neurons increases.
2024h agoFederated analysis enables multi-site neuroimaging research collaboration without sharing sensitive data, and NeuroFLAME, an open-source platform, facilitates this approach by ensuring reproducible and privacy-preserving analyses.
2024h agoPeople instinctively move away from unpleasant sights and smells, showing a natural avoidance reaction that can be measured in a subtle and non-conscious way.
2024h agoPsychedelic drug DMT causes strong increases in heart rate, skin activity, and breathing rate that match the intensity of emotions people experience while under its influence.
2024h agoAlcohol and opioids change how the central circadian pacemaker regulates daily rhythms, by modulating glutamatergic input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons.
2024h agoMaking understanding measurable in artificial cognitive systems requires architectures with discrete structural signatures, and a proposed framework uses hierarchical automata to provide five measurable indicators of genuine understanding.
2028h agoBrain-inspired learning emerges through coordinated spiking dynamics and oscillatory synchronization between micro-scale spiking neurons and macro-scale brain rhythms, enabling efficient information processing.
2028h agoEEG and EMG can be used as non-invasive biomarkers to monitor nerve damage and regeneration in both central and peripheral nervous systems.
2028h agoScore--Block Time Graphs (SBTG) identifies lag-specific directed interactions in sampled neuronal population data by leveraging denoising score models and minimal multi-block windows.
2028h agoA new framework called FUSED integrates a large-scale EEG foundation model with a specialist model to improve cross-subject EEG decoding without accessing source data.
2028h agoEEG-based phoneme decoding using auditory EEG data reaches 25.5 percent accuracy in classifying five vowel sounds, with classical machine learning methods being competitive with deep learning models.
2028h agoHierarchical Gaussian Filtering networks update beliefs about an agent's environment by cascading new information through the network, and a modified quadratic approximation prevents errors caused by negative posterior precision.
2028h agoA mathematical model combines heteroclinic dynamics with neural-field models to explain cyclic and sequential patterns of brain activity.
2028h agoThe generalised filtering framework is extended to online applications through a new scheme called online Dynamic Expectation Maximisation (ODEM), which enables simultaneous estimation of latent states, model parameters, and uncertainty.
2028h agoThe study develops a hypothesis that connects conscious experience with behavioral and neural data through beliefs, and derives predictions for subjective experience, neural activity, and behavior.
2028h agoCertain subtle combinations of brain parameters, called "stiff dimensions", powerfully influence neural activity during task processing, while others, called "sloppy dimensions", have minimal impact.
2028h agoA statistical procedure infers the interaction graph of neuronal networks by identifying synaptic links from spike trains of pairs of neurons.
2028h agoNeuroscience and AI can be better connected to overcome current AI limitations by using neuroscience principles to address capability gaps in interacting with the physical world, learning, and energy efficiency.
2028h agoBrain tumor-induced disruptions in neural dynamics before surgery predict postoperative working memory outcome.
2028h agoLITcoder, an open-source library, provides standardized tools for building and benchmarking neural encoding models that align continuous stimuli with brain data and evaluate predictive performance.
2028h agoA new model family called CortexMAE, trained on 2.1K hours of open fMRI data, outperforms prior models in cognitive state decoding and provides a new evaluation suite called Brainmarks for fMRI foundation models.
2028h agoA generalized Kuramoto model of interacting oscillators on a D-dimensional torus surface exhibits a first-order phase transition and synchronization arises from a saddle-node bifurcation.
2028h agoOptimizing reservoir properties by minimizing error in the reconstructed invariant distribution accurately reproduces long-time statistics and ergodic properties of dynamical systems.
2028h agoChaos originates from spontaneous symmetry breaking, a fundamental principle in physics, and represents a form of topological order that encodes long-range information beneath its apparent unpredictability.
2028h agoNear-critical dynamics in individual agents is not enough to produce collective critical-like behavior, which instead depends on the effective connectivity of the interaction network and the interplay between internal dynamics and interaction structure.
2028h agoThe negative integrable hierarchies of shallow water waves and dispersionless Toda lattice equations have an infinite set of conservation laws that prove their integrability.
2028h agoThe coupling of Arnol'd cat maps on a circulant graph does not increase entropy production as graph connectivity increases, due to translational symmetry.
2028h agoPlasma shaping affects confinement in a power-dependent way, with triangularity controlling the scrape-off layer ion temperature at low power and the edge ion temperature gradient at high power.
2028h agoSynchronized chaos can persist in complex arrays of up to 11 lasers and in arrays with built-in disorder.
2028h agoHigher-order asexual reproduction changes the invasion dynamics of populations, with invasion fronts typically disappearing beyond binary reproduction and their speed becoming independent of diffusion in the binary case.
2028h agoAn optomechanical oscillator can serve as a physical reservoir for computation, performing nonlinear transformations and retaining short-term memory through coherent self-sustained oscillation.
2028h agoPeriodically kicked many-body quantum systems can exhibit an infinite-temperature statistical average of observables at long times, or subharmonic oscillations that suggest a discrete time crystal phase, depending on the initial state and kicking strengths.
2028h agoThe Schrödinger equation cannot be solved exactly using only classical least action and classical fluid density, as a claimed recent formulation omits the quantum potential and constitutes a standard semiclassical approximation.
2028h agoThis work establishes explicit relationships between the generalized Kontsevich model, topological recursion, and the geometry of moduli spaces of $r$-spin curves.
2028h agoA biologically inspired tensegrity crutch design improves effort, comfort, pain, and usability for users compared to traditional rigid and spring-loaded crutches.
2028h agoThe DAKP equation is equivalent to a 14-point equation related to the lattice BKP equation and is integrable.
2028h agoA slow modulation of soliton parameters leads to the generation of a new soliton through resonant interaction or a rarefaction wave that can be described by a parabola.
2028h agoThe Lotka-Volterra model shows that seasonal variations in food resources lead to chaotic dynamics and spatial structure in predator-prey competition, which can enhance ecosystem resilience.
2028h agoThe error of some analytical systems can be approximated by a combination of a linear Gaussian component and a nonlinear Laplacian component, making large errors more probable than expected.
2028h agoDynamic Mode Decomposition can be extended to better extract transient activity from complex systems by introducing time-varying amplitudes for its modes based on sparsity and smoothness regularization.
2028h agoThe domain-growth dynamics of q-state active Potts models follows the Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn law with a transient increase in coarsening exponent before saturation, and this transient increase is greater for disordered waves and higher q values.
2028h agoThe critical speed for superfluid flow of a two-dimensional binary superfluid of light past an optical obstacle is set by Landau's criterion and depends on the obstacle's strength and the superfluid's density and spin modes.
2028h agoThe study derives unified one and two-dimensional subsystems from the 2D inviscid Boussinesq and 3D axisymmetric Euler equations and finds that reduced one-dimensional systems capture the core mechanism of finite-time singularity.
2028h agoSymplectic topology provides useful geometric insight into classical reaction dynamics near an index-1 saddle, with findings suggesting a new perspective on mode selectivity and reaction bottlenecks.
2028h agoChaotic billiard lasers demonstrate the principles of quantum chaos and offer a platform for exploring chaos-assisted light emission and its applications in controlling light-matter interactions.
2028h agoLong-range interaction in a magnetic reservoir computing system effectively encodes complex spatial input patterns into the time domain, enabling high classification accuracy in handwritten-digit recognition tasks.
2028h agoUltrastable glasses have exceptionally low-energy states and enhanced stability, and computational methods have been developed to realize them, providing insights into the glass transition and enabling the design of mechanically robust glassy materials.
2028h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model's free energy limit at high enough constant temperature is rigorously computed using a novel method based on sparse random graphs and the cavity method.
2028h agoNeural networks' geometry changes through learned representations, affecting data separation, contraction, and generalization, and can be analyzed using a smooth operator-theoretic framework that tracks changes in the data.
2028h agoDeep networks with small initialization exhibit long plateaus separated by sharp transitions, and their training can be classified into four universality classes based on the activation functions used.
2028h agoDifferentiable physical networks experience catastrophic forgetting when trained on conflicting tasks, with the degree of forgetting controlled by task conflict and adaptation to the new task.
2028h agoA Physics-Informed Denoising Network (PIDN) reduces the cost of error mitigation in variational quantum algorithms by learning a surrogate model of optimization dynamics, decreasing circuit executions by a factor of 4 to 6 while maintaining comparable performance.
2028h agoThe geometric evolution of elastic domain-wall loops in two dimensions follows closed dynamical equations that link area and loop perimeter, enabling predictions for domain dynamics under various conditions.
2028h agoThe order parameter in spin glasses synchronizes when two systems with independent disorders are coupled, with the effect depending on the strength of the coupling between the systems.
2028h agoA new method computes stationary states for ecosystems with sparse and asymmetric interactions, providing a tool for exploring stability in ecological communities.
2028h agoIntroducing lattice defects into the Kitaev honeycomb spin liquid produces a phase transition with a transition temperature that peaks near the defects, resulting in a non-Abelian chiral quantum spin liquid with scalar spin chirality and electron orbital magnetization.
2028h agoCertain crystallographic defects create a topological gap and induce a phase transition into a chiral spin liquid with ferromagnetic long-range interactions.
2028h agoThe surface code's ability to work as a quantum memory depends on the type of decoder used, with optimal decoding preventing a "thermal-metal" phase that causes decoding failures, but suboptimal decoding allowing it.
2028h agoTraumatic brain injury disrupts hippocampal network dynamics, causing persistent changes in brain activity that can lead to cognitive deficits and increased risk of epilepsy.
2028h agoDigital cognitive metrics can track brain aging accurately and provide a potential tool for informing personalized interventions to preserve cognitive function.
2028h agoThe NIBS data analysis structure (NIBS-DAS) provides a template pipeline for layout, management, and analysis of collated non-invasive brain stimulation data to facilitate data sharing and standardize data management practices.
2028h agoThe brain detects errors without external feedback by using a forward predictive model in the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) to compare predicted and actual responses.
2036h agoCells engineered with synthetic receptors can detect and respond to amyloid beta, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease, by producing therapeutic antibodies.
2036h agoInsects' innate responses to smells can be changed by early-life experiences, which affect how they explore their environment, but not their basic likes or dislikes of certain smells.
2036h agoSpinal feedback circuits adapt quickly to support goal-directed movements.
2036h agoSpiking populations with distinct inhibitory timescales can reprogram each other's burst preferences, generating multi-frequency patterns that allow brain circuits to dynamically filter inputs according to source and latency.
2036h agoPolysynaptic signalling emerges in neural mass models when configured within dynamical regimes that enhance the persistence of perturbations, with distinct parameter domains maximising signal propagation to directly connected and indirectly connected regions.
2036h agoPeripherin-2 and rom1 proteins form a complex interaction web that generates curvature in photoreceptor outer segment disks, with disulfide-linked dimers producing highly anisotropic curvature.
2036h agoRemote fear generalization arises from active hippocampal-prefrontal circuit mechanisms that increase the recruitment of learning-associated engrams into recall ensembles in the medial prefrontal cortex.
2040h agoFlies perform grounded running at all speeds without changing gaits, and courting males coordinate their wings and body movements to track the female's position.
2040h agoDecades of male bias in animal research have left female biology understudied, and ending animal research now would perpetuate this inequity, harming women.
2044h agoMicroglia weaken fear memories by temporarily silencing and remodeling fear engram neurons during extinction learning.
2044h agoStochastic growth and selective stabilization of dendritic branches, driven by two pools of guidance receptors, give rise to stereotyped dendritic arbors.
2044h agoThe hippocampus shows different patterns of change in shape across a person's lifetime, with varying thickness, width, and length, and brain disorders alter its geometry in distinct ways.
2044h agoMental health difficulties in youth with learning difficulties are linked to specific patterns of brain connectivity, particularly in the default mode network and visual and somatomotor systems.
2044h agoThe brain uses a coding strategy called polysemanticity, where individual neurons represent multiple unrelated features, to navigate a complex semantic landscape and contextualize meaning during language comprehension.
2044h agoThe brain stores words in an inactive state while processing interrupting material, then reactivates them with altered neural codes when needed, using both general and language-specific networks to facilitate comprehension.
2044h agoMyelin in the human visual cortex develops in two phases, with initial limited myelination in deep cortical layers during infancy and widespread myelination across all layers during childhood.
2044h agoNeuromodulators regulate persistent firing in mouse auditory cortex neurons, with cholinergic and noradrenergic activation supporting it, and dopamine having no clear effect.
2044h agoEmotion concepts in the human brain are organized using a grid-like coordinate system that allows for predictive inference and flexible decision-making.
2044h agoThe brain processes emotional expressions in virtual faces similarly to real faces, but with distinct patterns of network level connectivity across different emotions.
2044h agoPeople who have had surgery for upper extremity peripheral nerve injury show different neural patterns in the brain, specifically greater connectivity between the primary motor cortex and visual and premotor areas, compared to healthy controls.
2044h agoSucrose non-fermenting related kinase (SNRK) plays an essential role in regulating sleep, particularly in cholinergic neurons, and its loss leads to a profound loss of nighttime sleep.
2048h agoEcoHIV infection causes dynamic changes in microglial pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity suppresses pyroptosis and microglial activation.
2048h agoNeuronal electrical activity is a manifestation of murburn redox-mediated electronic dynamics rather than a process driven by transmembrane ionic flux.
2052h agoBrain-body resonance maintains conscious integration by self-organizing criticality, enabling the unification of distributed neural activity into conscious experience.
2052h agoMoDAl, a new framework, discovers complementary neural modalities that improve decoding of intended speech from neural activity, reducing word error rate to 21.6%.
2052h agoEngineered organic materials can operate as qubits without applied magnetic fields through four proposed paths, enabling quantum advantage and reduced manufacturing costs.
2052h agoCONF-LA assigns lines to eye fixations during multi-line reading with low latency and high accuracy by integrating reading behavior and line likelihoods.
2052h agoSubclinical anxiety's behavioural, physiological, and subjective components are linked to distinct but overlapping brain networks, with behavioural responses associated with connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and insula, physiological modulation linked to connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, and subjective anxiety linked to connectivity between the hippocampus and insula.
2052h agoStatic functional connectivity-guided band selection improves motor imagery brain-computer interface performance by identifying the most discriminative spectral bands and reducing required computations by up to 77.8%.
2052h agoSIMON, a saliency-aware multi-view framework, achieves state-of-the-art performance in EEG-to-image retrieval by combining foreground segmentation and saliency prediction to select informative object regions.
2052h agoObservable performance in biomechanical systems does not always reflect the underlying system organization, as similar outputs can arise from different internal system states.
2052h agoA nonlinear control-theoretic framework characterizes subsystem interactions in complex biological systems by estimating the Jacobian of the dynamics from time-series data.
2052h agoThe combination of elliptical and oval deformations in billiards introduces a second deformation axis that lowers the critical threshold for global chaos, and when the deformations are in phase, the elliptical component suppresses chaos and restores invariant curves and periodic orbits.
2052h agoThe Schwarzian KP hierarchy can be reformulated as an integral bilinear equation for a pair of KP tau-functions.
2052h agoSpectral bifurcation diagrams effectively identify dynamical transitions in nonlinear systems through experimental analysis using analog electronic circuits and data acquisition systems.
2052h agoMode collapse in generative modeling is caused by geometric collapse, where the model's internal trajectory becomes confined to a low-dimensional region of its representation space.
2052h agoThe novel two-dimensional discrete neuron map exhibits diverse firing regimes, stability behaviors, and chaotic attractors due to the incorporation of a cosine-based memristor, and also displays complex collective patterns in a network of neurons.
2052h agoNonlinear dynamical systems with long-range memory and stochastic regime switching exhibit a sharp separation between stable behavior on average and unstable behavior along typical paths, leading to intermittent macroscopic bursts.
2052h agoIntermittent adverse conditions and long memory in networked systems can cause rare but extreme excursions, but a new framework helps understand and mitigate these events by identifying an early-warning indicator and enabling targeted interventions.
2052h agoHopf-like solitons exist as local energy minima in the full QED theory, confirming the Faddeev-Noemi hypothesis that they can be based on a twisted toroidal structure.
2052h agoA general approach proves the existence of fully localised multi-dimensional patterns in partial differential equations with compact spatial heterogeneity.
2052h agoSpecial solutions of five autonomous integrable partial difference equations are described by non-autonomous ordinary difference equations from Bäcklund transformations of Painlevé equations and the Garnier system.
2052h agoIntegrable differential identities and ensemble-specific initial conditions characterise relevant observables and state functions in random matrix theory, leading to solutions of modified KP equation and a new integrable chain.
2052h agoIntrinsic step jamming occurs on crystal surfaces at the nanometer scale during crystal growth or retreat due to asymmetric fluctuations in atomic attachment and detachment.
2052h agoRandomising the connectivity in Fock space of a modified quantum East model still allows for a transition between a delocalised and a localised phase.
2052h agoA reaction-diffusion-convection model, combined with genetic algorithm and machine learning, accurately simulates wildfire spread and estimates hard-to-measure wildfire parameters in a region of Patagonia, Argentina.
2052h agoDeterministic quasiperiodic modulation induces reentrant topological phases in a one-dimensional Su--Schrieffer--Heeger chain, depending on the parity of the modulation exponent.
2052h agoMode collapse in generative modeling is caused by geometric collapse, where the model's internal trajectory becomes confined to a low-dimensional region of its representation space.
2052h agoGlasses have a type of non-phononic excitation called defect states that are caused by frozen-in stresses and are quasi-localized.
2052h agoMachine learning models for electronic structure can achieve accurate predictions using much smaller datasets, as the essential information lies on a low-dimensional manifold and large datasets contain redundant information.
2052h agoShearing a non-Brownian suspension creates a memory of direction or amplitude, depending on the type of shear applied, which then affects its response to further shear.
2052h agoSachdev-Ye-Kitaev interactions arise from localized single-particle states in a one-dimensional system, with couplings that have a broad non-Gaussian distribution and strong correlations, but approach a complex-Gaussian form as the localization volume is resolved into smaller pieces.
2052h agoPathogenic IFT140 variants are associated with retinal degeneration and ciliopathies, and human stem cell models reveal that the flavonoid eupatilin can improve cilia defects in retinal tissue.
2052h agoMarmoset working memory remains robust when distractors are presented during delay periods, with only a 5% decrease in accuracy, and the prefrontal cortex mechanisms that support working memory and distractor filtering are similar to those in other primates.
2052h agoEach leg has its own central pattern generator module that controls movement, and sensory feedback and brain inputs help coordinate the legs to produce a smooth walking pattern.
2052h agoThe inferior frontal junction matures unevenly across different cognitive control processes, with inhibition developing earlier in life and working memory and switching emerging later.
2072h agoObject and action words share neural processing in certain areas of the brain, particularly in the precunei and right temporo-parietal areas, but also have differences in other areas, such as bilateral frontal and anterior temporal regions.
2072h agoThe human brain rapidly reorganizes its structure after learning, with changes in gray matter volume linked to memory retention and influenced by sleep.
2072h agoThe morphology of Heschl's gyrus is largely predetermined, and extensive auditory experience does not change its folding pattern.
2072h agoThe brain organizes mathematical concepts along categorical and numerical dimensions, with different areas and neural codes supporting arithmetic and geometry.
2072h agoMemory recall involves synchronized brain networks that are reactivated when memories are recalled, and sleep helps to strengthen and reorganize these networks.
2072h agoLow-frequency neural oscillations, specifically theta and alpha phases, coordinate working memory operations by linking to memory accuracy and neural responses during encoding, retrieval, and distractor processing.
2072h agoAge-related changes in intracortical processing contribute to hearing deficits in aging, by reducing selectivity to harmonic sounds and impairing temporal integration of component frequencies.
2072h agoAdult-onset deafness rapidly reorganizes functional brain networks, recruiting the auditory cortex for non-auditory inputs and strengthening connections within and between sensory systems.
2072h agoFunctional controllability in the thalamus, especially in the medial dorsal anterior nuclei, plays a critical role in cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.
2072h agoTDP-43 loss disrupts RNA processing through aberrant cryptic exon inclusion, causing widespread changes in gene expression in spinal motor neurons.
2084h agoBehavioral relevance is encoded equally in neural priority maps for each task-relevant location, regardless of the number of other locations that are also relevant.
2096h agoHigh polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease is associated with functional deficits in microglia, including impaired mitochondrial ATP production, inflammatory cytokine release, and amyloid-beta uptake.
2096h agoThalamic functional controllability is more strongly associated with executive function, reasoning, and other cognitive processes than structural metrics like grey matter volume and white matter integrity.
2096h agoPrior expectations enhance behavioral reliability by using tuned inhibitory control of neuronal excitability, sharpening population tuning and reducing behavioral variability under weak sensory information conditions.
2096h agoHuman cone outer segments need a specific protein complex to work properly, and problems with this complex lead to changes in how they respond to light.
2104h agoParasitic nematodes detect and respond to changes in oxygen levels, which regulates their behavior and development throughout their life cycle.
2104h agoDegeneration of certain neurons in the brain triggers REM sleep behaviour disorder, which is an early sign of Parkinson's disease.
2104h agoCellular senescence in human neural progenitor cells leads to impaired function, metabolic changes, and a secretory phenotype that promotes angiogenesis, and is linked to hippocampal ageing and neurodegeneration.
2104h agoMuscle spindles can be visualized in three dimensions in intact muscle using a workflow that combines fluorescent labeling and optical clearing, enabling detailed study of their structure and connectivity.
2104h agoA large-scale dataset combining neural population dynamics and behavioral records in mice is presented, enabling the development of novel decoding algorithms and testing of brain-inspired computational models.
2104h agoPARP inhibition protects against chronic stress effects, preventing behavioral deficits, cardiovascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.
2104h agoAdult flies learn to push small objects through experience, and specific brain neurons regulate their initial reactions and learning of object manipulation.
2104h agoScientists have established a method for delivering genes and editing genomes in the mouse brain before birth, allowing them to model and correct congenital brain disorders.
2104h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure during the third trimester causes long-lasting behavioral problems and increases the risk of developing neuropathic pain in adulthood, with males and females showing different effects.
2108h agoAnti-aging interventions promote cognitive function in normal aging, but not in Alzheimer's disease, and show that Alzheimer's is not just accelerated aging.
2108h agoA new pipeline called TRU-FACT enables the registration of individual cells across intravital imaging and spatial biology datasets, allowing for multimodal investigations of cells' in vivo dynamics and molecular content.
2108h agoPitx2-associated developmental glaucoma causes corneal nerve damage and sensory loss in a sex-dependent manner, with female corneas showing broader changes in gene expression related to inflammation and stress, and male corneas showing reduced sensitivity.
2108h agoNeurons in the primary vibrissal motor cortex are more closely associated with selecting specific behavioral responses than with general sensory-motor encoding, and their activity is strongly dependent on the context.
2108h agoArrestin-3 plays a key role in regulating the response to amphetamine and cocaine by acting in specific areas of the brain to either desensitize dopamine receptors or facilitate signaling.
2108h agoDark adaptation in cones can be assessed using optoretinography (ORG), which monitors changes in cone outer segments over milliseconds and minutes, and shows that cone response recovery varies among individuals and is linked to photopigment regeneration and downstream phototransduction processes.
2108h agoPunishment accelerates the initial learning of complex motor skills, while reward enhances long-term memory retention, according to a study on basketball free-throw shooting.
2108h agoBrain organoids with functional microglia-like cells can be created by introducing hematopoietic progenitor cells, allowing for the study of neuroimmune interactions and neuroinflammatory mechanisms.
2108h agoA new method called j-VAR-LiNGAM reveals the causal hierarchy in brain networks, allowing for a better understanding of how information is processed hierarchically in the brain.
2108h agoWide-field calcium imaging reveals that mesoscopic functional connectivity is largely conserved between cortical layers, with some differences in key regions of the default mode network.
2112h agoCoordinated population activity efficiently channels information from prefrontal to motor cortex during context-dependent behavior.
2116h agoPremotor cortices PMd and PMv have different effects on the excitability of the primary motor cortex on the opposite side of the brain, with PMd and M1 showing stronger short-interval inhibition and PMv showing distinct inhibition patterns.
2116h agoA modified cross-correlation model with added gain control, inhibitory surround structure, and interaural level difference-dependent modulation accurately describes the diverse interaural time difference tuning observed in the inferior colliculus of the barn owl's auditory system.
2116h agoNovel words activate similar brain processes as existing words when they are made up of familiar parts, and this process helps people understand their meanings.
2116h agoSensory processing depends on two types of neural circuits: driving circuits that transmit sensory content and modulatory circuits that regulate information transfer without directly transmitting it.
2116h agoRegional variation in brain connectivity aligns with the distribution of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and is modulated by their regional availability.
2116h agoDividing attention between auditory and visual tasks disrupts the brain's ability to process sentence-level linguistic context, but leaves lower-level processing relatively intact.
2116h agoSynGAP1, a key regulator of synaptic plasticity, is locally translated in dendrites and its synthesis is dynamically suppressed during synaptic maturation and in response to long-term potentiation.
2116h agoThe specialization of function in the hippocampus, which increases with age, is driven by changes in the properties of fiber-tracts, including growth of short-range tracts and pruning of long-range tracts.
2116h agoThe study finds that neurons in the posterior hypothalamus are more excitable in females than males, and that the circuit connecting the medial prefrontal cortex to the posterior hypothalamus differs between sexes.
2116h agoMusicians' brains process pain differently than non-musicians, showing more resilient pain regulation and a different balance of brain activity, due to their cognitive-motor training.
2120h agoLight modulates the activity of the Locus coeruleus, a brain structure involved in emotional responses, in an emotion-dependent manner, with increased light dampening responses to negative emotions and enhancing responses to neutral ones.
2120h agoGlutamic acid decarboxylase 2-expressing cells in the lateral habenula increase activity in response to opioid withdrawal, contributing to the aversive state that drives relapse in opioid use disorder.
2120h agoOlder adults need more time to initiate and maintain brain states that support memory encoding and retrieval because they have trouble switching out of a task-irrelevant retrieval state due to executive function deficits.
2120h agoAuditory neurofeedback degrades attention decoding performance by increasing cognitive load and distraction, and suboptimal feedback can impede rather than facilitate learning.
2120h agoThe deletion of SNORD116 gene causes an increase in REM sleep, but the loss of SNORD115 gene attenuates this effect, revealing an interaction between these two genes in regulating REM sleep.
2120h agoThis framework simulates the sensorimotor experiences of infants by reconstructing their movements from a single video and mapping them onto human-like robots and virtual simulators.
2124h agoAgentic behavioral modeling offers a framework for understanding human cognition by integrating theoretical neuroscience, decision theory, and probabilistic inference to explain human behavior.
2124h agoMultisensory training, which combines multiple sensory cues such as colours and odours, improves memory performance in flies by binding sensory features through specific neural mechanisms.
2124h agoA static distractor sound impairs the perception of moving target sounds and reduces the upper limit of velocity at which listeners can discriminate the direction of motion of a revolving sound.
2124h agoFunctional Task Networks (FTN) protects prior solutions from forgetting and efficiently infers which prior solution matches the current input by using a high-dimensional binary mask over a large population of small but deep networks.
2124h agoScalene Yang-Baxter maps connect solutions of a generalised set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation to matrix refactorisation problems and are associated with integrable equations of KdV and NLS type.
2124h agoAstrocytes, generalized structures with a branch and soma, emerge in dynamical systems, characterized by self-similarity, hierarchy, and coexistence of different periodicities, and play a role in the transition to chaos.
2124h agoThe numerical inverse scattering transform framework solves the coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries equation by directly computing the solution at specific spatial and temporal points without time-stepping.
2124h agoShortening the infectious period of a vector's preferred host can help control the long-term persistence of vector-borne diseases, but protective measures for that host may lead to increased disease prevalence in other hosts.
2124h agoThe deformations of integrable spin chains are obtained via a twist of the algebraic structure of the underlying quantum group, resulting in a generally non-associative algebra with a non-trivial Drinfeld associator that encodes long-range interaction terms.
2124h agoBoth jets and winds operating simultaneously are required for effective active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback that suppresses cool gas condensation and star formation.
2124h agoA fourfold relation between delay and time period predicts whether a root oscillates or grows vertically downwards.
2124h agoThe Amazon rainforest may have already left its safe operating space, with over a third of it at high risk of crossing critical thresholds due to current levels of global warming and deforestation.
2124h agoKilling tensor fields on symmetric spaces can be reduced to the study of compact irreducible ones, and their properties can be described and classified based on this reduction.
2124h agoSynergistic interactions lead to non-conventional critical phenomena, including Griffiths-like slow dynamics and extended criticality, through a broad distribution of relaxation rates.
2124h agoThe study reviews theoretical and experimental findings on bound states of dissipative solitons in fiber lasers, covering soliton molecules, multi-soliton bound states, and spatiotemporal dissipative solitons.
2124h agoBäcklund-Darboux transformations for integrable hierarchies of nonlinear equations, such as KP and BKP, can be constructed using the bilinear formalism and the operator approach with free fermionic fields.
2124h agoBiological systems regulate resistance to change in shaping their behavior, with cell populations autonomously generating balanced compositions through stochastic processes.
2124h agoFinite-dimensional systems describing invariant solutions of partial differential equations inherit local Hamiltonian operators through invariant reduction, which endows the reduced systems with Poisson bivectors that relate constants of motion to symmetries.
2124h agoThe topological structure and boundaries of cell complexes determine phase locking and multistability in oscillator networks, with multistability arising when boundaries have at least five elements.
2124h agoIntroducing quadratic orthogonal pairs for hyperelliptic functions resolves a mismatch problem with continued fraction expansions and Hankel determinants, and enables a thorough treatment of initial value problems for two discrete integrable systems.
2124h agoDecaying turbulence converges to a deterministic arithmetic skeleton, with randomized initial data of different types leading to the same Euler-ensemble behavior.
2124h agoA quasiperiodically driven chain of non-interacting spin-1/2 particles exhibits robust prethermal time quasicrystalline order, characterized by incommensurate spectral peaks, suppressed resonant heating, and long-lived nonequilibrium temporal order.
2124h agoA novel approach to transformer-based neural samplers generates groups of spins at once, enabling the sampling of larger classical spin systems of up to $180 \times 180$ spins.
2124h agoThe Baik-Ben Arous-Peche transition can be discontinuous in general settings, allowing signal recovery to occur at a lower signal-to-noise ratio with strong sample-to-sample variability.
2124h agoSynergistic interactions lead to non-conventional critical phenomena, including Griffiths-like slow dynamics and extended criticality, through a broad distribution of relaxation rates.
2124h agoA mixed alkali effect in glasses arises from strong nonlinear variations of ionic transport properties when different types of mobile ions are mixed.
2124h agoA learning transition exists in the two-dimensional classical Ising model, where learning local energy densities leads to a change in the long-distance behavior of conditional correlation functions.
2124h agoTwo new dynamical scaling laws govern how model performance evolves during training, relating performance to model complexity measures.
2124h agoFriedreich ataxia is caused by a deficiency of frataxin due to a GAA repeat expansion in the FXN gene, leading to progressive sensory and spinocerebellar ataxia.
2124h agoAge, sex, and MRI vendor affect Diffusion Tensor Imaging metrics, with older people showing reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity, females exhibiting slightly higher fractional anisotropy in certain brain regions, and different MRI vendors producing distinct values.
2124h agoSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) from lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) drives anxiety and depressive-like behaviors by damaging synapses and causing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
2124h agoSleep loss triggers liver inflammation through a pathway that involves the activation of liver nerves, increased production of uric acid, and immune cell recruitment.
2124h agoThe dentate gyrus and CA3 hippocampal subfields encode spatial information, but CA3 neurons uniquely represent time and location together, enabling the formation of episodic memories.
2124h agoTime perception relies on two parallel processes: one for tracking physical duration and another for making categorical judgments about time, which are encoded in distinct neural dimensions.
2124h agoA new class of biologics, called NN-800s, effectively neutralizes tumor necrosis factor alpha and crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it a promising platform for treating central nervous system disorders.
2124h agoMoyamoya disease is characterized by intimal hyperplasia with medial thinning and intimal accumulation of smooth muscle cells, driven by a pathway involving FN1, ITGA5, and FAK that promotes smooth muscle cell migration and ECM remodeling in a metabolically altered intimal niche.
2128h agoThe neural activity in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) encodes previous choices and confidence, and helps guide the next decision by adjusting the decision process based on confidence and reward.
2128h agoThe brain prepares speech by forming word-level plans from individual phoneme representations, and organizes these plans in a hierarchical structure, with planning for multiple words happening one word at a time.
2128h agoThe sniffing rhythm helps information flow from the olfactory system to dopamine neurons, guiding learning by coordinating the timing of signals that predict rewards.
2128h agoAstrocytes use diverse mechanisms to regulate subcellular gene expression through RNA localization and local translation, and a new in vivo assay helps identify the sequence determinants that drive these processes.
2128h agoSpeech recognition is most strongly influenced by the spectrum and modulation statistics of background noise, and a simple set of sound statistics can account for how well people recognize speech across different voices, words, and backgrounds.
2128h agoSpatially-informed stochastic frameworks, such as Ordinary Kriging and Regression Kriging, produce more accurate and biologically realistic brain maps across different data types and sampling conditions.
2128h agoScientists can build reusable and well-documented code for data analysis by following a specific template called a calculator, which helps produce readable, tested, and reusable code.
2128h agoNeuronal mRNAs are sorted into distinct granules with different trafficking dynamics, localization patterns, and responses to synaptic stimulation, allowing for precise control of mRNA localization and translation.
2128h agoThe brain reduces motor responses to expected stimuli, but only when people are aware of the sequence of events.
2128h agoThe brain prioritizes task-relevant sounds and suppresses distractions through separate mechanisms, with reactive enhancement of targets and suppression of distractors happening independently.
2128h agoThe hippocampus's sparse coding enables fast learning and generalization in complex tasks by promoting orthogonalization of input representations, with optimal learning performance achieved at a 5% sparsity level.
2128h agoThe hippocampus synchronizes with visceral events, such as breathing, heart rate, and stomach activity, during both sleep and wakefulness.
2128h agoVisually evoked neural responses in the primate superior colliculus depend on retinal signals routed through the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex, not on direct retinal input alone.
2128h agoNEURA, a language model-powered system, automates neuroimaging workflow planning and analysis with 89.5% planning accuracy, generating evidence-grounded analysis plans, statistical results, and structured reports from free-text research questions and neuroimaging datasets.
2128h agoThe multidimensional structure of natural object representations in the brain rapidly expands within 100 milliseconds, peaks, and then gradually decays over hundreds of milliseconds.
2128h agoA gut bacteria-derived metabolite called indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) mitigates post-stroke cognitive impairment by preserving brain cell connections and function.
2128h agoMotor-evoked potential amplitudes decrease as a response is initiated, and this decrease is greater for tasks that allow advance preparation and response inhibition.
2132h agoFunctional connectivity profiles from fMRI and MEG show low correspondence at the individual level, despite strong similarity at the population level, and structural variability largely explains age-related differences in these profiles.
2132h agoThe retinal clock and the master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) have distinct light-responsive mechanisms, with the OFF-cone bipolar cell circuit driving light-induced phase resetting of the retinal clock, but not the SCN clock.
2132h agoCortical pyramidal cells integrate sensory input and contextual information through asymmetric processing, enabling coherent perception and cognition by selectively amplifying coherent signals.
2132h agoPoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) immunomodulatory nanoparticles improve behavior, immune response, and reduce amyloid plaque burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
2136h agoSynucleinopathy directly activates the complement cascade prior to neurodegeneration by triggering the classical and alternative pathways, upregulating complement receptors, and downregulating regulatory proteins.
2136h agoGray matter stressed by oxygen/glucose deprivation releases a compound that promotes spreading depolarization, which expands neuronal injury and worsens clinical outcomes.
2136h agoVolumetric functional ultrasound imaging (3D-fUS) enables fast and detailed imaging of brain activity in a large volume of the cortex, allowing detection of single-trial responses and efficient study of cortical dynamics.
2136h agoStreptococcus pyogenes accumulates around certain olfactory nerve bundles in the cribriform plate, potentially invading the brain through this pathway, and triggers an inflammatory response involving immune cells and local bone marrow.
2136h agoInterictal discharges in patients with epilepsy are generated by structured laminar circuits that overlap with cognitive circuits and can be predicted up to 1 second in advance.
2140h agoGlucose helps convert citrate to acetyl-CoA, which then affects the development of oligodendrocyte progenitors, while acetyl-CoA from other sources is used for myelination.
2140h agoDeepSeMS, a transformer-based framework, translates biosynthetic gene clusters into candidate secondary metabolite structures, enabling scalable exploration of chemical diversity from uncultivated global ocean microbiomes.
2140h agoEnvironmental factors, such as socioeconomic status and access to healthcare and education, are associated with changes in brain structure, cognition, and mental health in adolescents.
2144h agoHuman cerebellar organoids develop in a way that mimics human neurodevelopment, generating a diverse range of cerebellar cell types and expressing genes associated with cerebellar diseases.
2144h agoIncreased muscle activity after a stroke changes the way people walk, making it more variable and less efficient, by altering the body's natural movement patterns.
2144h agoL-serine production deficiency contributes to reduced adult neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease, and supplementing with L-serine partially rescues this deficit.
2144h agoThe learning rule used to train a neural network does not play a major role in how well its internal representations align with those of the human visual cortex at early stages, but it does matter at intermediate areas.
2148h agoTuring patterns on two- and three-dimensional lattices respond to external mechanical forces in a manner similar to patterns on fluctuating membranes.
2148h agoThe phases of nonlinear waves have underlying topological vector potentials that form virtual monopole fields with specific charges, related to the poles of the density function.
2148h agoA dual-channel reservoir-computing scheme infers the dynamics of two distinct chaotic systems with a single machine by training on time series from a few sampled states.
2148h agoHigh-order vector rogue wave solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation exhibit new patterns, including double-sector, double-heart, and mixed sector-heart configurations, with two distinct regions containing different fundamental rogue waves.
2148h agoGauge transformations can simplify matrix Lax representations, and these transformations, along with discrete Miura-type transformations, are used to construct new integrable differential-difference equations.
2148h agoThe study establishes new structural results for polygonal angulations of closed oriented surfaces, specifically for cases with 3, 4, or even number of sides, and derives a fine structure that confirms a conjectural statement.
2148h agoThe scattering of quasi-one-dimensional quantum droplets from Pöschl-Teller potential wells and barriers reveals a sharp transition between complete reflection and transmission at a critical incident velocity, with different behaviors for small and large droplets.
2148h agoA perturbative method constructs approximate invariants of motion directly from discrete-time symplectic system equations, offering a nonlinear extension of the classic Courant-Snyder theory for systems with one degree of freedom.
2148h agoSphalerons in nonlinear Klein-Gordon models evolve into accelerating kink-antikink pairs that separate at nearly the speed of light.
2148h agoThe method estimates effective length scales for graph Laplacian eigenvectors as the ratio of total edges to edges connecting vertices with different values, and applying it to nine natural and artificial networks identifies both distributed and localized eigenvectors.
2148h agoThe study explores the transition from ergodic to many-body localization in a model with interacting spinless fermions and constructs a phase diagram that captures the sensitivity of the eigenspectrum to adiabatic gauge deformations.
2148h agoThe frame potential of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with quenched Gaussian forward-scattering disorder decays as a power law at early times and then saturates to a plateau controlled by a single coupling parameter.
2148h agoSymmetries are restored in disordered quantum systems by applying averaging to the time evolution operator, allowing for efficient numerical simulations.
2148h agoThe curvature field over the control manifold of the classical Ising model reveals a pronounced ridge structure extending from the critical point into the supercritical regime, identifying the Widom line as a geometric feature of control space where thermodynamic response is maximal.
2148h agoMicroglia respond to inflammatory stimuli by changing their morphology in a stimulus-specific way, occupying different patterns within a continuous morphological landscape.
2148h agoHuman Muller cells have a latent ability to regenerate into various types of retinal neurons when given specific chemical cues.
2148h agoDopaminergic and nitrergic signaling are linked in the paraventricular nucleus, with about 45% of nitrergic neurons also expressing dopaminergic receptors.
2148h agoComplex learned behaviors like vocal imitation are associated with the emergence of novel cell types in the pallium.
2152h agoA mutation in the CACNA1A gene leads to a complex neurological disorder by causing a calcium channel to function in a mixed way, increasing synaptic vesicle release while also reducing channel expression.
2152h agoThe study finds that neurons in Alzheimer's disease brains organize along a continuum of proteomic changes that correlate with tau abundance, revealing a trajectory of pathological neuronal responses.
2152h agoPlace cells receive spatially uniform synaptic inhibition, and including NMDA-type glutamate receptors in models recapitulates place cell properties regardless of changes in inhibition within a place field.
2152h agoAbnormal astrocyte activity during adolescence disrupts prefrontal cortex development, leading to lasting changes in brain function and behavior.
2152h agoRIPK3 protects photoreceptors from apoptosis in Stargardt disease type 1 by suppressing caspase-8 activation, and its genetic ablation exacerbates photoreceptor loss.
2152h agoThe prefrontal cortex matures through adolescence into early adulthood with extensive remodeling of neuronal networks and synaptic architecture that refines prefrontal circuits to meet evolving cognitive and behavioral demands.
2156h agoThe sensorimotor control system uses multiple representations of the external world to flexibly tune its control to task demands, and the representation of external forces is governed by the nature of the experienced forces.
2156h agoArc induction is not universally required for circuit plasticity, and its role in adult brain plasticity is context-dependent.
2156h agoYawning is linked to moments of network instability during state transitions, marked by a brief mismatch between local and global brain network dynamics.
2156h agoTranscranial focused ultrasound reshapes neural dynamics in deep brain regions by changing the entropy production rate in a non-monotonic way that relates to the acoustic dose.
2156h agoGene therapy can restore inner ear function in deaf and dizzy patients by directly targeting specific parts of the ear with a virus.
2156h agoAntidepressants work through different mechanisms, with three distinct clusters identified based on their molecular affinities, and their effectiveness may relate to their affinity to certain serotonin receptors.
2156h agoProteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles released from neurons identifies Alzheimer's disease-associated signatures and neuronal markers, including CNTNAP2, that can enrich disease-relevant cargo and enable blood-based diagnostics.
2156h agoThe cerebellum supports perceptual decision-making by accumulating and competing evidence through its microcircuits, which work differently than those in the cortex.
2156h agoGreater hypoxic burden in obstructive sleep apnea weakens the coupling between gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid flow, which supports glymphatic function, by disrupting normal brain pulsations.
2156h agoThe prefrontal cortex adjusts its excitability in real-time to meet changing cognitive demands, with its activity levels scaling with cognitive load and peaking at intermediate levels of uncertainty.
2156h agoBeta-amyloid affects the stability of brain network states differently in humans and mice, with dynamic network alterations present in humans but not in mouse models, during preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease.
2156h agoInflammation activates the endocannabinoid system to reduce pain by increasing the synthesis of 2-arachidonylglycerol, which inhibits pain signals in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.
2160h agoAmyloid beta peptides trigger Alzheimer's disease by stimulating a receptor that forms a complex with a calcium channel, leading to changes in brain cells that impair memory and cause nerve damage.
2160h agoSpikeLab, a text-to-analysis framework, enables large language models to produce correct and reproducible results in neural spike data analysis by enforcing expert-vetted methods and bounded autonomy.
2160h agoIncluding motor preparation time in calculations flips micro-offline gains from positive to negative and increases the correlation between early learning and overall skill acquisition.
2160h agoA septo-entorhinal GABAergic pathway controls flexible switching between episodic memories during retrieval to enable memory updating.
2164h agoThe temporal structure of spinal cord stimulation shapes neural responses and perception by engaging a spectrum of spike-count regimes, whose mixtures determine detection thresholds and discrimination performance.
2164h agoCraving for alcohol-associated cues increases over time after drinking cessation, but exercise mitigates this effect by acting on select brain regions to prevent increased relapse propensity.
2164h agoThe mouse skull shrinks and flattens with age, with changes varying by location and sex, which can lead to inaccurate stereotaxic procedures if not accounted for.
2168h agoLow-frequency medial septum stimulation prevents seizure generalization and reduces mortality in a rat model of epilepsy.
2168h agoContextual integration happens progressively as information becomes available, with the strongest increase in activity at sequence completion, and this process is similar across lexical, algebraic, and graphical domains.
2168h agoThe axon initial segment structure relies on two AnkG molecules, with their C-termini separated by approximately 80 nm, arranged periodically underneath the plasma membrane.
2168h agoA computer model of the amygdala shows that specific neuronal populations drive pain modulation and predicts nociception related to bladder injury.
2168h agoThe corpus callosum shows distinct spatial variations in microstructure along its tract, which are linked to age, genetic factors, and behavioral performance.
2168h agoA chromosome 2q31.2 deletion activates the integrated stress response, leading to impaired neuronal plasticity, and inhibiting this response with ISRIB improves neuronal network activity.
2168h agoCombining 40-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation with 40-Hz auditory stimulation enhances gamma activity more than either intervention alone.
2168h agoRepetitive magnetic stimulation induces neuronal plasticity by changing the position and length of the axon initial segment, a part of the neuron, in both brain cells in a dish and in living mice.
2168h agoChronic antipsychotic treatment increases vulnerability to addictive substance use and relapse-like behavior in rodents and humans.
2168h agoMotor cortical neurons respond more strongly to observed movements when the device performing the movement looks more human-like.
2168h agoA new framework explains neuronal electrical activity through electron holding potential and redox processes, unifying resting potential, excitability, waveform generation, and signal propagation in a single equation.
2172h agoAI chatbots accurately identified psychiatric emergencies that needed urgent medical assessment, but tended to over-triage low and intermediate risk presentations.
2172h agoEmbedding participant-specific geometric basis functions into electrophysiology accurately reconstructs whole-brain spatiotemporal dynamics and improves source imaging by aligning neural sources with individual cortical geometry.
2172h agoThe independent component-based encoding framework dissociates stimulus-driven and noise-driven signals in fMRI data, allowing for analyses at the level of functional networks that are easy to compare across subjects.
2172h agoNeural networks store information in the strengths of synaptic connections among neurons, and this information exceeds the sum of its parts due to synergistic interactions among synapses.
2172h agoA new family of unbiased multi-source neural activity indices enables accurate localization and reconstruction of brain function using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) without needing to know the target source covariance matrix.
2172h agoMaterially defined regions in unsteady two-dimensional flows with finite-time contraction and elevated intrinsic rotation are identified using Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation and direct tests of material contraction.
2172h agoFractional damping in a receiver oscillator modifies amplitude amplification, energy redistribution, and response structure in resonance transmission between two unidirectionally coupled Duffing oscillators.
2172h agoInjecting a single space-time-coupled light pulse-beam into a multimode graded-index fiber generates a train of multimode solitons.
2172h agoA quantum particle in a one-dimensional bistable potential can exhibit periodic, quasiperiodic, or chaotic motion depending on its initial position and wave packet.
2172h agoA new framework called Control-oriented Cluster-based Network Model (CNMc) enables reduced-order models to generalize to unobserved dynamical regimes across unseen control parameters.
2172h agoAstrocytic gains implement a softmax-normalized allocation over pattern similarity scores, yielding a mechanistic realization of self-attention in a Hopfield-type associative memory.
2172h agoVortices on a surface with variable negative curvature move due to the curvature gradient, and their motion can be described by explicit equations that reveal unstable rotation and bounded oscillations.
2172h agoA perturbative method constructs approximate invariants of motion directly from discrete-time symplectic system equations, offering a nonlinear extension of the classic Courant-Snyder theory for systems with one degree of freedom.
2172h agoBogoliubov waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates interact nonlinearly to trigger turbulent cascades, and a new Kolmogorov-like spectrum for these waves explains the condensate's equation of state.
2172h agoAxonal growth on micropatterned substrates follows a superdiffusive scaling with a negative correlation exponent, arising from entropy-constrained active fluctuations that connect microscopic force generation to emergent growth laws.
2172h agoA thermodynamical first-order phase transition causes a discontinuous change in dynamical chaotic behaviour, switching from exponential to quadratic growth in a model that interpolates between a chaotic and quasi-integrable phase.
2172h agoThe Saffman crossover reorganizes dipole-dipole interactions in a viscous membrane, inducing a transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional dynamics.
2172h agoThe two-dimensional hyperbolic plane provides a system where dimensionality changes with scale, allowing study of phase transitions, and a unified framework reveals a two-parameter flow with a critical line separating metallic and insulating phases.
2172h agoPattern learning emerges in reconfigurable cellular tissue through coordinated parameter adjustments, allowing tissues to realize prescribed cell stress patterns and function as nonconventional AI platforms.
2172h agoA non-classical first-order perturbation theory, where the reference system includes the short-range interaction and the perturbation includes the long-range tail, accurately reproduces the equation of state of the Lennard-Jones fluid with high fidelity.
2172h agoCreep dynamics of a driven elastic line at finite temperature are governed by two distinct length scales that control different aspects of the dynamics.
2172h agoAligned polymer molecules can have exceptionally high thermal conductivity along their alignment direction due to strong covalent bonds, but molecular kinks greatly reduce this conductivity.
2172h agoThe first and second Griffiths inequalities hold for a class of gauge glass models with Gaussian disorder on the Nishimori line, making pressure and correlation functions increase with inverse temperature.
2172h agoMaterials functionality is governed by the interplay between competing phases, which can now be accurately predicted using a new on-the-fly Bayesian framework that learns first-principles interatomic potentials and requires minimal training data.
2172h agoSurface states of a 3D topological lattice model can be Anderson localized by weak quenched randomness and hybridization with an additional trivial 2D band.
2172h agoEditors share common feedback from reviewers based on their experience.
2172h agoGene regulatory networks provide a systems-level view of transcriptional control through advances in biotechnology and computational modeling.
2172h agoNeural population activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex shares a common structure across distinct behaviors, with about half of the subspace dimensions being shared between tasks.
2172h agoIgM anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies improve cognitive function, specifically increasing sensorimotor gating and fear extinction recall, and may have therapeutic potential for treating neurodegenerative, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
2172h agoCa2+-dependent facilitation of Cav2.1 channels controls the strength and direction of short-term synaptic plasticity in fast-spiking central synapses.
2172h agoMarmoset monkeys produce sequences of vocalizations that vary in spectral and temporal features to convey information about different food types.
2172h agoPrazosin, a medication that restores brain fluid transport, treats facial sensitivity associated with migraine and post-traumatic headache by improving fluid transport in the brain.
2172h agoStudies with specialized populations and task-based designs have smaller sample sizes, while larger sample sizes are associated with more prestigious institutions and journals that use a double-blind review process.
2172h agoOPM-FLUX, a new analysis pipeline, provides a standardized framework for processing OPM-MEG data, enabling researchers to analyze brain activity with greater consistency and accuracy.
2176h agoPattern separation and reinstatement of similar memories are modulated by stimulus type, similarity, and location within the hippocampus.
2176h agoImpaired behavioral recovery in aged mice after stroke reflects a failure of damaged somatosensory networks to reorganize, whereas young mice recover due to reorganization of these networks.
2176h agoBlocking a specific receptor, OX1R, reduces the initial overeating of high-fat food in mice, while blocking both orexin receptors has no effect.
2176h agoAs cognitive-motor task demands increase, older adults' brains shift from efficient subcortical processing to over-reliance on cortical motor areas, leading to performance decline.
2176h agoHippocampal area CA2 pyramidal neurons have distinct morphological features, including fewer oblique dendrites and more tuft-like dendrites than CA1 neurons, and their dendritic structure gradually changes along the radial axis from deep to superficial somatic location.
2176h agoPrenatal cannabis exposure disrupts mitochondrial function and impairs the maturation of neurons in the brain's reward circuitry by altering gene expression and epigenetic regulation.
2180h agoA comprehensive 3D histological atlas of the five nigrosomes has been created, mapping their structure and location in the brain, to enable neuroimaging studies of these clusters and their role in Parkinson's disease.
2180h agoProton release from glutamate synaptic vesicles acidifies AMPA receptors, with simulations showing 50% more acidified receptors when AMPA receptors are clustered, and pH levels affecting receptor protonation.
2184h agoThe prefrontal cortex controls the organization of related memories in the hippocampus by sending direct projections to the medial entorhinal cortex.
2188h agoCombinatorial gene expression underlies the modular and cell-type-specific basal ganglia input-output networks.
2188h agoThe neural-operator element method combines finite element methods with scientific machine learning to make engineering simulations more efficient and scalable.
2188h agoA new method unifies finite element methods and machine learning by using neural operators as elements to model complex subdomains, providing an efficient and scalable numerical framework with reusable models.
2188h agoA recurrent neural network model generates internal predictions of a target's future locations to pursue it in a complex environment, and this ability relies on high-dimensional neural codes and specific units sensitive to the target's position.
2192h agoThe hippocampus receives input from around 80,000 entorhinal cortex layer II neurons, which project to 1 million granule cells with high divergence and form a large number of synapses.
2192h agoA comprehensive normative dataset of TMS-EEG features, constructed from 164 healthy adults, enables individual-level comparison and provides a reliable reference for cortical excitability and connectivity.
2192h agoScientists have developed a CRISPR-Cas13d-based method to knockdown genes in specific cell types in zebrafish, allowing for efficient and flexible study of neural circuits and glial biology.
2192h agoMorphine self-administration disrupts the organization of goal-directed actions and leads to cerebellar remodeling and altered brain connections, while preserving drug-seeking motivation.
2192h agoTheory of mind ability, specifically inferring others' perspectives while managing conflict with one's own, strongly predicts conversational success in people with right hemisphere damage.
2192h agoThe study finds that a convergent pathway of genomic instability exists across two distinct models of epilepsy, involving a systemic dysregulation of 5 genes, suppressed FOXO3 expression, and activation of LINE-1 retrotransposons, potentially driven by oxidative stress.
2192h agomGluR6 plays a crucial role in coordinating cone terminal targeting and synaptic layer assembly during human retinal development, and its early loss disrupts cone pedicle architecture and outer plexiform layer formation.
2192h agoMental fatigue induced by a 90-min cognitive test affects balance control differently in individuals, with the level of fatigue relating to balance disturbance when people stand with their eyes open.
2196h agoVision works through a bottleneck where a small fraction of retinal input is recognized, with the peripheral visual field selecting information and the central visual field recognizing it.
2196h agoThe parietal network plays a critical role in supporting multiple configuration patterns of brain networks, which are shaped by external stimuli, information processing tasks, and spontaneous activities.
2196h agoPupil diameter and fixation duration can effectively classify left and right brain hemisphere activities, indicating that ocular metrics are robust indicators of lateralized brain activity.
2196h agoIntegrative neurocybernetic models, which capture the interplay between brain, body, and environment, can provide a unified understanding of behavior by inferring the organizing principles that govern neural and behavioral dynamics.
2196h agoGenetic and environmental factors shape functional connectivity in the brain into distinct categories, with measurement error considered, and these factors are organized into coherent brain networks across different conditions.
2196h agoThe covariance matrix of large nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings takes the same form as that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
2196h agoA population-aware evaluation framework improves the robustness and clinical reliability of EEG biomarkers for disease detection by training models on diverse populations, achieving up to 94.1% accuracy across different cohorts.
2196h agoThe moments and response functions of a nonlinear random recurrent neural network are calculated in the large N limit, providing a link between synaptic connectivity, correlations in activity, and network response to perturbations.
2196h agoCitizen science video games help cognitive scientists study the human mind by collecting rich behavioral data from large, diverse populations.
2196h agoStride-to-stride fluctuations in human walking have a fractal correlation structure that changes from persistent to anti-persistent under external cueing, and this change is a genuine long-memory phenomenon rather than a short-memory process.
2196h agoFunctional Task Networks (FTN) protect prior solutions from forgetting and efficiently infer which prior solution matches the current input without task labels.
2196h agoTwo new pipelines based on persistent homology can quantify geometric features of brain scans, separating Alzheimer's patients from healthy individuals and tracking disease-related changes over time.
2196h agoNew mathematical methods reveal changes in brain network topology during seizures, specifically in higher-order structures and connectivities, which could lead to new biomarkers for seizure dynamics.
2196h agoKetone treatment restores mitochondrial quality control and intracellular homeostasis in a model of Alzheimer's disease by activating a VPS35-dependent mechanism.
2196h agoHeterogeneity in collective systems is masked by hydrodynamic interactions, making it difficult to accurately infer the true characteristics of the system from measured properties.
2196h agoUmemura polynomials predict rogue-wave and lump patterns in certain integrable equations, and their root distributions determine the spatial-temporal locations of these patterns.
2196h agoFinite-time Lyapunov exponent distributions reveal transition mechanisms in high-dimensional reservoir maps trained on low-dimensional chaotic dynamics.
2196h agoA data-driven method uses Bayesian inference to accurately reconstruct the spatiotemporal phase dynamics of traveling and oscillating patterns from time-series data.
2196h agoIntegrable equations with three independent variables can be reduced to Darboux-integrable hyperbolic systems, and this reduction establishes a correspondence between Toda-type lattices, semi-discrete lattices, and fully discrete Hirota-Miwa type models.
2196h agoA binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates supports the formation of stable symbiotic dark-bright solitons when inter- and intra-component interactions are repulsive.
2196h agoA new method estimates the stability of Earth system components, such as global vegetation, by accounting for non-stationarity, and can be widely applied across diverse data sets.
2196h agoPyro-cumulonimbus convection from extreme wildfires generates long-lived vortical structures in the stratosphere that can maintain material coherence for nearly 60 days.
2196h agoThe SIRI model on a Poisson network closely follows the mass-action ODE trajectories when transmission per contact is small relative to recovery.
2196h agoA novel Temporal U-Net architecture accurately reconstructs high-fidelity fluid dynamics from sparse observations by integrating a perceptual loss and a Physics-Informed Bridge, ensuring smooth transitions and consistency at endpoints.
2196h agoCollective decision-making in biological systems can become highly sensitive to social information due to constraints on how individuals gather and use information from others.
2196h agoChaotic billiard lasers demonstrate the principles of quantum chaos within a physical system through chaos-assisted light emission, where chaotic orbits facilitate the coupling between localized modes and far-field emission.
2196h agoThe Saffman crossover reorganizes dipole-dipole interactions in a viscous membrane, inducing a transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional dynamics.
2196h agoA data-driven calibration method directly estimates the drift and diffusion coefficients of stochastic reduced-order models from observed data by relating them to the conditional score of the finite-time transition density.
2196h agoA multi-agent reinforcement learning framework shows that combining heterogeneous preferences and learning mechanisms leads to the emergence of realistic market dynamics, including fat-tailed price fluctuations and volatility clustering, through the development of functionally differentiated trading strategies.
2196h agoThe robustness of relaxation on asymmetric networks depends on the real part of a specific Laplacian branch, which determines how quickly the network returns to a stable state after damage.
2196h agoQuantum batteries can store energy robustly despite environmental effects, according to a study that systematically assessed their performance under realistic conditions including finite temperature and dissipation.
2196h agoClassical spin simulations produce different results from quantum spin simulations, with discrepancies appearing at both short and long timescales in Free Induction Decay patterns.
2196h agoA one-dimensional hard-rod gas shows identical non-Gaussian fluctuations in the positions of multiple tracers under two different microscopic dynamics: stochastic and unitary.
2196h agoThe sine-Gordon hierarchy of integrable systems is described using $\wp$-functions, and its quasi-periodic solutions are expressed in terms of the function $\wp_{1,2g-1}$.
2196h agoThe study presents families of Liouville integrable Lotka-Volterra systems in (2m)- and (2m-1)-dimensional spaces.
2196h agoThe trace of the time evolution operator in the kicked Ising model behaves as a complex Gaussian random variable with open boundary conditions at the self-dual point, unlike as a real Gaussian random variable with periodic boundary conditions.
2196h agoSmall disturbances have a huge influence on the Navier-Stokes turbulence, which challenges the assumption that they can be neglected.
2196h agoAmorphous solids deform plastically through localized shear transformations that organize into avalanches with a latent structure of well-separated local minima.
2196h agoExpulsive potentials that are steeper than quadratic ones lead to normalizable eigenstates in one- and two-dimensional Schroedinger equations, which is a manifestation of effective self-trapping in the linear system.
2196h agoA localization-delocalization transition occurs for light scattered by two-level atoms in a 2D waveguide when the areal number density of atoms increases beyond a critical value.
2196h agoRewired random regular graphs become a loosely connected web of clusters with a scale-free network and a power-law vertex degree distribution when the average number of triangles is increased.
2196h agoThin Co$_{70}$Zr$_{30}$ layers show finite size effects in their magnetic moment and ordering temperature due to interface regions with reduced magnetic interactions.
2196h agoA physics-informed deep image prior framework reconstructs complex in-plane magnetization patterns from scanning NV magnetometry in nanoscale magnetic thin films.
2196h agoThe covariance matrix of large nonlinear recurrent neural networks with random couplings takes the same form as that of a linear network with the same couplings, driven by independent noise.
2196h agoThe moments and response functions of a nonlinear random recurrent neural network are calculated in the large N limit, providing a link between synaptic connectivity, correlations in activity, and network response to perturbations.
2196h agoCrack-template-based transparent conducting films modeled as networks show that the mean field approximation can overestimate electrical conductivity by up to 79%, leading to potential errors in modeling.
2196h agoOptimizing environmental noise by allowing site-dependent dephasing increases transport efficiency in one-dimensional lattices by overcoming destructive interference and localization.
2196h agoThe study reveals multiscaling of correlation functions and an enlarged symmetry at the critical point of the Ising model under strong measurement, which fixes the exact value of a key exponent.
2196h agoThe interaction strength between two dissipative quantum chaotic systems, controlled by a complex coupling parameter, determines how the eigenvectors of the whole system spread from being localized in one subsystem to being distributed across the full system.
2196h agoNon-Euclidean neural quantum states, including Poincaré RNN and Lorentz RNN, outperform their Euclidean counterparts in simulating quantum many-body settings.
2196h agoUniversal spin models can approximate any probability distribution, and this property can be used to derive universal approximation theorems for a wide range of machine learning models.
2196h agoPhysical networks made of nanoscale components can harness their own dynamics to learn and adapt, offering a promising route to energy-efficient, brain-like intelligence for autonomous systems and real-time decision-making.
2196h agoEnsemble learning improves performance in machine learning by sampling multiple models, especially for nearly finite-dimensional data, according to an analytical framework developed for Boltzmann machines.
2196h agoMemristive networks generate neuronal population spiking dynamics similar to those in biological systems, with nonlinear spike-like features maximized when input signal frequency matches the network's intrinsic timescale.
2196h agoIncreasing the potential depth in one-dimensional quasiperiodic models does not eliminate unbound states, but instead shifts and narrows their energy window.
2196h agoRigidity in covalent network glasses near the Maxwell threshold requires chemical medium-range order, not just pure connectivity or geometric entanglement.
2196h agoAdding certain state-adapted operators to the emergent algebra can restore access to the purity of the underlying state, changing the algebra from Type II$_1$ to Type I$_\infty$ and making the limiting state pure.
2196h agoAging causes a decline in hippocampal neurogenesis by leading to an accumulation of immature neurons that fail to mature, but exercise can reverse this process by reducing cell death and allowing neuronal maturation to resume.
2196h agoDopamine receptors are positioned to influence excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the hippocampus, with D1R and D2R localized on different parts of pyramidal neurons to modulate synaptic plasticity and cell activity.
2200h agoCortical chemoarchitecture shapes inter-regional functional connectivity in a frequency-dependent manner, with different neuromodulator systems influencing different frequency bands, and aging affects this relationship.
2200h agoEach brain region has a characteristic frequency, and this natural frequency can be mapped using EEG, reproducing the spatial organization found with MEG.
2200h agoA new signal processing technique called csGED effectively recovers source projections of bilateral brain activity in the alpha frequency range, allowing for a better understanding of how the brain inhibits distracting stimuli.
2200h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alters gene expression related to neuronal and glial plasticity mechanisms in the human brain, and these effects depend on the stimulation protocol used.
2200h agoLarge language models accurately infer ion channel and receptor subtype metadata from source code in a neuroscience repository, outperforming traditional feature-engineering approaches.
2200h agoA model of Parkinson's disease in monkeys shows that analyzing motor sequences can detect early motor changes caused by dopamine degeneration, even when overall motor performance appears normal.
2200h agoTMEM106B protein fragments form amyloid aggregates that disrupt nuclear envelope organization, mislocalize nuclear proteins, and impair nuclear transport, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.
2200h agoHuman vision remains robust to occlusion because it learns to separate natural objects from each other, whereas deep neural networks only become robust when trained with realistic occlusions.
2200h agoInterference between motor memories happens when new learning implicitly changes an existing memory, and this process requires the posterior parietal cortex and limits the coexistence of competing motor memories.
2200h agoLRRK2 coding variants associated with increased Parkinson's disease risk elevate LRRK2-mediated Rab10 phosphorylation, while variants associated with reduced risk do not alter normal LRRK2 function.
2200h agoThe ventral hippocampus helps keep people's beliefs stable by sending signals to other brain areas when expected bad outcomes do not happen, making it harder to change their defensive behavior.
2200h agoTrauma experienced in childhood is associated with distinct brain connectivity patterns, including hyperconnectivity between areas that regulate emotions, rewards, and control, compared to trauma experienced in adulthood.
2200h agoNeural circuits can compute and generate patterns without firing spikes, using self-sustaining subthreshold voltage fluctuations instead.
2200h agoInteractions between two cell-surface proteins drive dendrites of different neurons to segregate into discrete spatial domains during neural circuit assembly.
2200h agoDefault mode network connectivity predicts individual differences in susceptibility to attentional capture, specifically in the context of learned suppression failure.
2200h agoEmpirical Mode decomposition and Hilbert Transformation improve the correlation between resting-state functional connectivity and structural connectivity in the human brain.
2200h agoBrain movement within the skull is driven by abdominal muscle contractions through mechanical coupling with the abdomen.
2212h agoResearchers developed Cheese3D, a framework for precise measurement of whole-face movements in mice that enables inference of neural and physiological processes.
2212h agoBrain foundation models can predict brain disorders, but a new framework called RE-CONFIRM shows that commonly used performance metrics are not enough to evaluate the robustness of potential biomarkers, and proposes a fine-tuning technique called Hub-LoRA to improve the models.
2220h agoKoopman operator analysis of EEG data provides a robust biomarker for tinnitus, outperforming microstate analysis in cross-dataset generalization.
2220h agoA personalized in-ear EEG monitor captures EEG signals and delivers audio playback, providing a comfortable and discreet way to monitor brain activity and potentially enable closed-loop neuromodulation.
2220h agoRepetitive subconcussive brain injuries have distinct temporal patterns in cortical early behaviors, with patients showing impaired dynamic features and reduced integration levels, which can be used to distinguish them from healthy controls.
2220h agoThe primary visual cortex (V1) plays a crucial role in vision by guiding eye movements, reducing visual information, and supporting ongoing recognition through interactions with other brain areas.
2220h agoA unified framework proposes a core set of conceptual dimensions to characterize neural representations, describing relations between neural responses, represented features, and downstream effects.
2220h agoHuman planning uses limited cognitive resources efficiently and flexibly by constructing simplified mental representations of the environment, a process controlled by spatial attention that varies across individuals.
2220h agoNetworks of theta neurons with delayed interactions produce traveling waves and breathing bump solutions through Hopf bifurcations, which are influenced by different types of delays.
2220h agoExternal forcing can suppress intermediate standing wave states in inertial Kuramoto oscillators with bimodal intrinsic frequency distributions by entraining oscillators to the external forcing.
2220h agoThe KdV-B equations have a family of diverging shock waves with specific properties, including asymptotic modes, stability, and superposition rules.
2220h agoThe spatial patterns of vegetation in dryland ecosystems directly reflect the ecosystem's historical trend of aridity.
2220h agoA damped rigid planar pendulum driven by a sinusoidally vibrating pivot exhibits periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic motions, and can display a new type of nonlinear oscillation with periods that are four, six, eight, or twelve times the driving period.
2220h agoDifferent wave modes emerge in active six-state Potts models under various repulsion conditions, including disordered waves, spiral waves, target waves, and stripe waves.
2220h agoSkew-orthogonal polynomials can be expressed as linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials using a new explicit method.
2220h agoAnalytical formulae for Koopman modes are found for classical continuous automorphisms of the torus, and their decompositions are studied for different cases of cat maps.
2220h agoA systematic method combining lobe dynamics sequences designs low-energy transfers between orbits around celestial bodies, enabling fuel-efficient trajectories.
2220h agoThe quantum model exhibits higher-order integrals of motion that form a polynomial Higgs-type symmetry algebra, leading to a deformed oscillator algebra and enabling the determination of possible energy spectra.
2220h agoMotile unicellular algae exhibit turbulent-like flows without order or defects, with unique patterns, non-Gaussian velocity distributions, and power-law energy spectra.
2220h agoA free quantum particle with a mass profile that has jump discontinuities has eigenfunctions that depend erratically on energy, and supports infinitely many distinct semiclassical limits.
2220h agoThe templex, a topological object, bridges homologies and templates for chaotic dynamics through a directed path algebra and semigroup invariants, enabling the identification of tipping points and analysis of complex systems.
2220h agoThe statistics of matrix elements of the nonintegrable perturbation Hamiltonian controls the distributions of gaps between quantum energy levels in the transitional regime between integrability and chaos.
2220h agoThe periodic electric field drive creates two distinct mobility edges in the generalized Aubry-André model, which can be controlled by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the electric field.
2220h agoThe two-dimensional Hubbard model at finite doping has coexisting superconducting and stripe orders as its ground state.
2220h agoA simple mechanism based on local polaron formation explains apparent Planckian scattering, where the scattering rate increases linearly with temperature, without needing fine tuning.
2220h agoSimple sign epistasis is associated with evolutionary detours, which are indirect paths to fitness peaks that include back-mutations and occur more frequently than reciprocal sign epistasis in weakly epistatic landscapes.
2220h agoA new numerical technique, called replica tensor train, combines tensor networks and quantum Monte Carlo to efficiently find the ground-state of a local Hamiltonian and compute physical observables.
2220h agoThe spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice has an intermediate phase between N\'eel antiferromagnetic and stripe ordered regimes with plaquette valence bond, nematic, and quantum spin liquid ground states identified through machine learning.
2220h agoUrban expansion fronts have a consistent local roughness due to a disorder-controlled crossover in growth, with geographic constraints and coalescence affecting the growth in a way that produces varying large-scale exponents.
2220h agoHoney bees evaluate the value of a sucrose reward relative to their prior experience, and this subjective evaluation influences long-term memory formation.
2220h agoEnvironmental enrichment remodels brain structure and behavior, reducing restricted and repetitive behaviors in mice by promoting microstructural plasticity and changing brain volumes.
2220h agoSpontaneous thoughts can be analyzed using automated ratings from large language models, which show that their emotional aspects can be predicted from brain activity.
2220h agoAspiration-based patch proteomics enables deep proteome profiling of identified single neurons directly in intact brain tissue, allowing for the separation of neurons by phenotype and the definition of a shared somal proteome.
2220h agoGlioVision, a new framework, predicts four major glioma molecular biomarkers non-invasively from MRI data with high accuracy, supporting molecularly defined glioma diagnosis.
2220h agoMutations in the ATP1A3 gene disrupt neuromuscular junction function and cause developmental defects in a new worm model of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood.
2220h agoTargeted genome editing of MAPK9 reprograms microglial activation, reduces inflammation, and promotes repair after traumatic brain injury.
2220h agoTask-evoked blood-oxygenation-level-dependent responses and estimated changes in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen show substantial voxel-wise variability and discordance largely due to statistical uncertainty in metabolic estimates.
2224h agoThe adult brain's cortical states are dynamic and can undergo substantial, months-long plasticity through behaviour-dependent and spatially distinct changes in cortical activity.
2224h agoThe porcine brain shows similar large-scale brain organization and white matter pathways to the human brain, making pigs a promising model for studying human brain function and neurological disorders.
2240h agoNeural activity and glymphatic clearance are connected and their mismatch contributes to amyloidosis and neurodegeneration in the cortex.
2264h agoOligodendrocyte cells use Piezo channels to influence sheath formation, expansion, and retractions during myelination.
2264h agoHuman nasal cultures are mainly composed of mesenchymal-like cells with few neuronal progenitor cells, challenging the assumption that these cultures faithfully model neurogenic compartments.
2264h agoSong-dedicated neurons in birds emerged from ancestral neural types through the co-option of gene regulatory networks active in other cellular contexts.
2264h agoExercise affects the basal ganglia differently in males and females, improving motor coordination and changing neural activity in distinct ways in female and male mice.
2264h agoLayer 2/3 IT neurons form a depth-dependent gradient of recurrent connectivity that enables bottom-up and top-down processing through two separate channels.
2264h agoMice learn to use the relationship between two odours to predict outcome, and dopamine activity and hippocampal circuitry reflect this learning process.
2264h agoCaV2.1 calcium-dependent facilitation is essential for accurate auditory information processing by regulating high-fidelity synaptic transmission in the auditory brainstem.
2264h agoThe brain processes object information later than scene information when people view natural images, according to a study that used electroencephalography to map the temporal signatures of neural object and scene processing.
2264h agoStress-induced elevations in DYN signaling within the nucleus accumbens are linked to social avoidance and may be a biomarker of susceptibility to mood and anxiety disorders.
2264h agoSustained focus during memory-guided tasks is characterized by mutual disengagement between control and memory networks, with task focus in meaningful contexts associated with the recruitment of representational structures in long-term memory.
2264h agoMachine learning analysis of motor neurons from ALS patients identifies cellular signatures that distinguish the disease, including nuclear alterations and dynamic morphological transitions, suggesting shared and distinct mechanistic pathways.
2264h agoListening to different musical genres reorganizes information flow in brain networks in genre-dependent ways, with rhythmically and structurally complex music enhancing integration within a hub of regions and ambient and traditional genres promoting more distributed patterns of connectivity.
2268h agoNeuroMark yields highly stable functional network features across different age groups and normalization strategies, providing a robust approach for large-scale neuroimaging studies.
2268h agoDementia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is characterized by B-vitamin deficiencies and genetic susceptibilities that disrupt homocysteine metabolism.
2268h agoGPR155, a lysosomal nutrient sensor, regulates neuroendocrine signaling and behavior, influencing feeding, sleep, and sensitivity to ethanol in a sexually dimorphic manner.
2268h agoA phase transition in consciousness is governed by two independent order parameters, global integration and the dimensionality of the neural correlation structure.
2268h agoGastric-brain coupling is a robust physiological feature in healthy people, observed in alpha, theta, and beta frequency bands, particularly in medial electrodes.
2272h agoA new statistical framework accurately recovers internal neural representations by modelling neural activity as a function of latent internal variables that deviate from measured sensory and behavioral variables.
2272h agoThe circadian system regulates dopamine release in two distinct rhythms: one for ongoing release and one for release in response to reward, and these rhythms influence reward behavior at specific times of day.
2272h agoOlder adults with Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome have a distinct motor signature characterized by deviations in gait patterns, fluctuation amplitude, and temporal structure, which can help identify those at increased risk of major neurocognitive disorders.
2272h agoSleep disruption reduces the body's ability to maintain protein health, leading to accelerated age-related decline in protein maintenance and increased vulnerability to aging and Alzheimer's disease.
2272h agoNeural discrimination in certain visual areas correlates with behavioral discrimination, and this link requires prior visual experience and is strongest in medial visual areas.
2272h agoPrecise stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex using high-density theta burst stimulation prevents the emergence of cocaine craving and restores prefrontal network connectivity in a rat model of cocaine relapse.
2272h agoMomentary cortical state modulates attentional capture, but its impact depends on the type of attentional filtering used and past learning experiences.
2272h agoSleeve gastrectomy improves metabolic health, reduces Alzheimer's disease pathology, and preserves cognition in a mouse model of the disease.
2272h agoFentanyl and xylazine interact to produce additive and sustained suppression of respiratory and thermoregulatory function, leading to increased lethality.
2272h agoA new mathematical framework defines the threshold of action potentials in excitable cells by focusing on the geometry of membrane potential trajectories and concavity changes during an electrical pulse.
2272h agoActivation of toll-like receptor 3 by Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid triggers time-dependent, sex- and tissue-specific immune responses in the blood and brain that differ between male and female mice.
2272h agoAstrocytic Sox9 overexpression promotes Aβ plaque phagocytosis and preserves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models.
2276h agoThinking about getting infected with a virtual disease triggers an immune response in the body.
2280h agoParkinsonism disrupts the organization of neural activity in the motor cortex, increasing the complexity of brain signals during movement preparation and execution.
2280h agoRaster photostimulation is a new system that can photo-activate and record thousands of neurons over a large area of the brain with pixel-level precision.
2280h agoMindful breathing reduces stress through rapid, context-dependent neural regulation mechanisms that can be captured by wearable EEG technology.
2280h agoActivation of certain G protein-coupled receptors, such as Htr1b and Gpr19, expressed in pain-sensing nerve cells reduces pain perception in several pain models.
2280h agoStudying 23 neurodevelopmental disorder genes across model systems and brain cell types uncovers shared downstream effects that converge on synaptic biology, epigenetic regulation, and mitochondrial function.
2284h agoBrain-to-latent alignment is hierarchical, with early visual cortex showing approximately linear correspondence to structural diffusion latents and higher-order visual areas requiring nonlinear mappings to align with semantic embedding spaces.
2288h agoRats construct complex action sequences from simpler parts using a hierarchical compositional process, and their brains represent these sequences in a low-dimensional format that reuses and builds on previous representations.
2288h agoThe brain's anatomical regions act as complementary and interconnected information sources, and analyzing them using information-theoretic measures can identify active brain regions, characterize mental states, and elucidate brain networks associated with cognitive tasks.
2288h agoSomatostatin neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract have complex functions, with most responding best to bitter stimuli, but many responding to other tastes, and some non-somatostatin neurons responding to bitter tastants.
2288h agoThe human brain represents subjective value probabilistically, with neural populations jointly encoding value and uncertainty, allowing for metacognitive access to uncertainty in value-based decisions.
2288h agoThe Shannon information source model characterizes brain dynamics in Alzheimer's disease by showing that entropy values increase with disease progression and KL-based connectivity networks reveal a loss of inter-regional interactions.
2288h agoObject manipulation involves distinct neural processes for grasping and placement, with grasping relying on matching the hand to the object and placement relying on matching the object to a target.
2288h agoModels that are considered brain-aligned often do not capture the characteristic functional relationships between brain regions, casting doubt on their similarity to biological vision systems.
2292h agoSignatures of criticality in brain activity vary systematically along the anatomical hierarchy of the brain, with different measures of criticality showing different patterns.
2292h agoNeural networks with different designs and training goals develop similar representations of images, and images with consistent representations across these networks also have consistent representations in language models.
2292h agoA dual-path network that processes spatial and temporal dynamics in parallel improves computer vision systems' ability to understand subtle human movements called micro-actions.
2292h agoHumans and vision models make different kinds of mistakes when classifying images, with humans showing broad but weak asymmetries and vision models showing sparser, stronger directional errors.
2292h agoA unified computational framework uses the Wasserstein distance to align sulcal patterns of the human brain from magnetic resonance images, enabling the identification of differences between male and female patterns.
2292h agoConsciousness emerges from stable interference patterns of oscillatory neural activity that exceed critical thresholds in complexity, coherence, and fractal dimensionality.
2292h agoTraining student models to mimic large reasoning models via supervised fine-tuning fails to transfer the alignment with human cognitive costs, resulting in a collapse of functional alignment.
2292h agoPhysical causal closure and physical determinism are not the same thing, with physical causal closure belonging to the Causal Stance and physical determinism belonging to the Physical Stance.
2292h agoIntermittent magnetic reconnection sustains various activities in black-hole accretion systems, including X-ray variability, hot coronae, winds, and jets.
2292h agoCoupling two microresonators with different dispersion properties creates a novel nonlinear phenomenon of fully coherent hybridization of dissipative Kerr solitons.
2292h agoPlants solve complex problems through growth-driven dynamics that sense, navigate, and optimize resource acquisition, using distributed physical computation, mechanical intelligence, and stochasticity.
2292h agoExtended orthosymplectic quantum supergroups can be realized using the RLL-realization for any parity sequence, with compatible internal structure and related sign conventions.
2292h agoParametric resonance in a two-mode oscillator system enables optimal performance as a reservoir computer for predicting chaotic systems, such as Mackey-Glass, Rossler, and Lorenz dynamics.
2292h agoSCALA, a novel cellular automaton decoder, achieves a code-capacity threshold of approximately 7.5% and provides strong sub-threshold scaling for quantum repetition and toric codes.
2292h agoChimera states emerge in non-reciprocal higher-order structures, called m-directed hypergraphs, due to directionality, and appear over a broader parameter range than in corresponding network cases.
2292h agoA formula is presented for trigonometric orthosymplectic R-matrices associated with any parity sequence, which can be factored into an ordered product of q-exponents parametrized by positive roots.
2292h agoSocial media's complex system, with its interconnected networks and feedback loops, challenges efforts to determine its causal effects on society, requiring a new approach that combines observational and experimental methods.
2292h agoConsciousness emerges from stable interference patterns of oscillatory neural activity that exceed critical thresholds in complexity, coherence, and fractal dimensionality.
2292h agoA scalable simulation framework couples neural ordinary differential equations with differential-algebraic equation solvers to accurately and efficiently simulate large-scale heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
2292h agoGlasses made by vapor deposition or special computer simulations have fewer low-energy excitations than conventional glasses, but some stable solids, like amber, still have these excitations.
2292h agoDeeper potential wells with quasi-periodicity can have unbound states within specific energy intervals, and non-Hermiticity leads to the existence of these unbound states in a mixed form.
2292h agoA quasipolynomial-time classical algorithm estimates local thermal expectations in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model at sufficiently high constant temperature.
2292h agoConfinement plays a key role in crystallizing nanocrystals, affecting their structure and physical properties, and simulations show that it influences the dynamics and spatial profile of topological defects in vortex nanocrystals.
2292h agoUrban expansion fronts have a robust local roughness and widely varying growth patterns due to a disorder-controlled crossover in projected-front growth.
2292h agoExisting methods for measuring rotational motion in molecular fluids fail in complex systems, but a new empirical method accurately captures rotational dynamics from diffusive fluids to arrested solids.
2292h agoDisorder induces a crossover from phase-averaging to mode-mixing regime in electronic transport across a magnetic domain wall in a 3D second-order topological insulator, resulting in distinct conductance plateaus.
2292h agoIn-context learning operates through statistical fluctuations in pre-training data that induce implicit regularization, leading to a sharp phase transition in generalization error based on task structure.
2292h agoSmartphone use is linked to measurable neural, ocular, and autonomic responses, and a new dataset provides information on these physiological dynamics during naturalistic smartphone interaction.
2296h agoVascularised cerebral organoids provide a new model for investigating the damage caused by whole blood in intracerebral haemorrhage.
2296h agoTraumatic brain injury triggers sex-specific changes in mitochondrial function and regulation in brain regions, with females showing early gene activation followed by suppression and males showing delayed compensatory responses.
2296h agoSPARC, a new reconstruction framework, improves the acquisition speed and imaging quality of multiphoton microscopy by integrating denoising and deep upsampling to recover detailed information from noisy sparse measurements.
2296h agoA flexible framework combining novel training and post-processing techniques accurately estimates animal poses from multiple camera views, even with limited labeled data.
2296h agoIdentity-state expression and switching in dissociative identity disorder show distinct neural signatures, even when different identities are aware of each other at the same time.
2296h agoPeople's internal representations of uncertain outcomes shape their decisions and physiological responses, and individuals adopt different strategies based on their unique beliefs about unknown outcomes.
2300h agoPanx1a regulates adaptations in behavior, brain activity, and gene expression during visual habituation in developing brains.
2300h agoFood preference is associated with distinct patterns of cortical functional connectivity during food image observation, indicating differential neural processing of preferred and nonpreferred food cues.
2300h agoForgetting happens when the reorganization of engram topology during consolidation allows interference to infiltrate and destabilize the memory network.
2300h agoHumans classify novel objects by breaking them down into component features and mentally recombining them.
2300h agoRetinal ganglion cells respond to motion with direction-selective patterns, and a sub-retinal prosthesis can restore these patterns, suggesting its potential to restore motion perception in degenerative retinae.
2300h agoMutations in DOCK7 are linked to epileptic encephalopathies, but Dock7-deficient mice do not show heightened excitability or seizure susceptibility.
2304h agoPredictable visual routines improve behavioral performance by optimizing cortical processing, through earlier neuronal target selection, reduced sensory response variability, and more effective distractor suppression.
2304h agoDevelopmental D-Aspartate deficiency causes a temporary change in the brain's synaptic plasticity in young mice, characterized by enhanced NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity that returns to normal when D-Aspartate is reintroduced.
2304h agoCorrelation-based computations in the brain can lead to misperceptions of depth, and combining these with non-correlation mechanisms helps to create a more accurate perception.
2304h agoA new software environment enables long-term analysis of neural dynamics from photometry recordings, allowing for a structured workflow, flexible signal correction, and event reanalysis.
2304h agoThis dataset of over 2000 neurons recorded from 20 mice provides a precise link between neural activity and behavioral events, enabling investigation of neural encoding mechanisms and development of neural network algorithms.
2304h agoMelanopsin regulates local translation in developing ipRGC axons to coordinate retinohypothalamic tract development.
2304h agoThe AutoNeuro framework enables real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition, analysis, and adaptive experimental control, allowing for dynamic updates to experimental parameters in response to ongoing neural activity.
2304h agoA specific type of neuron, called G neurons, is essential for inducing and sustaining a long-term torpid state in mice, which can suppress tumor growth and improve chemotherapy outcomes.
2304h agoChronic NLRP3 activation causes neuronal damage, immune cell infiltration, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in the central nervous system.
2304h agoThe perception of time is constructed from learned event representations, not from a dedicated internal clock, and is systematically warped by the presence of event structure.
2304h agoThe learning behavior of a fly's brain, specifically the mushroom body, shows that continual learning about odors helps the fly forget existing memories.
2304h agoThe physical gamut of colors found in nature correlates with people's judgments of realism in images, and using a real-world gamut based on actual natural colors provides a stronger correlation than a theoretical model.
2304h agoEmotional face processing in the brain develops through childhood, with changes in brain activity across different networks and modes, including distinct developmental trajectories in activation and connectivity, from age 5 to 40.
2304h agoThe 'canonical' interpretation of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional MRI does not strictly hold across the human brain, as increases and decreases in brain activation are not always accompanied by corresponding changes in blood flow and oxygen metabolism.
2308h agoEntorhinal cortex dopaminergic and behavioral dysfunction occur in Alzheimer's model mice, suggesting that entorhinal dopamine loss may contribute to aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
2308h agoSustainable development faces challenges from complexities across environmental, social, and economic systems, and needs interdisciplinary, data-driven tools to better understand collective dynamics in infrastructure systems such as energy and mobility.
2308h agoNeurons from male and female mice show different gene activity, including higher expression of certain neuropeptide genes in female neurons, even when grown outside the body.
2308h agoThe insular cortex has a special internal wiring that helps it process information efficiently, allowing it to support fast learning and robust functioning.
2308h agoHumans' brain activity in the frontoparietal Multiple Demand Network encodes and guides behavior based on novel verbal instructions by using a mix of abstract and high-dimensional neural codes.
2308h agoBeta bursts propagate systematically along the posterior-anterior cortical axis during motor tasks, and their propagation patterns are influenced by cortical architecture and receptor distributions.
2308h agoAmyloid plaques reorganize brain circuits by affecting the activity of nearby neurons, leading to abnormal spatial representations and contributing to widespread neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
2308h agoThe cerebellum regulates the expression and adaptation of innate fear responses, and its activity is required for generating appropriate defensive behaviors in response to predator threats.
2308h agoModulating alpha power in the parieto-occipital cortex through neurofeedback training does not affect auditory spatial attention, but it does influence gaze behavior.
2308h agoAstrocyte activity is required for timing-dependent long-term depression (tLTD) in the visual cortex, and this process relies on astrocyte calcium signaling and CB1 receptor activation.
2308h agoLearned statistical regularities help people focus on a specific sound in a noisy environment by enabling predictive selection of relevant input.
2308h agoPeople form confidence judgments from noisy samples of information by using a statistically grounded strategy that takes into account both sample size and variability.
2312h agoLow-amplitude noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation directly influences postural behavior through stimulus-response coupling, even at imperceptible currents as low as 0.1 mA.
2312h agoEphB signaling, particularly from neuronal EphB2, maintains pain hypersensitivity after spinal cord injury by sustaining hyperexcitability in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
2312h agoLateral predictive coding networks can extract non-Gaussian hidden input features quickly and accurately by using a modular structure with fewer interactions.
2316h agoGenerative AI changes how organizations assess talent by making creativity a distributional property that is measured by novelty in synthesis, with distinctiveness becoming the primary signal of human creative capability.
2316h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for a large number of neurons and interactions that resolve instability.
2316h agoAn integrated AI system detects and assesses malignant lung nodules from low-dose CT scans with a high accuracy of 0.98 internally and 0.945 externally, outperforming radiologists and current AI models.
2316h agoThe theory of differential equations is discussed based on Euler's two classical textbooks "Institutiones Calculi Differentialis" and "Institutiones Calculi Integralis".
2316h agoThe MLC circuit's chaotic attractor expands through the PM intermittency route, causing extreme events due to a force field from an externally applied periodic force that deviates the chaotic trajectory from its usual path.
2316h agoGauge transformations on matrix Lax representations of differential-difference equations can be used to establish invariants that determine if a parameter is removable, and two representations are gauge equivalent if they have the same invariants.
2316h agoStochastic feedback protocols can control the dynamics of the kicked top model in classical, semiclassical, and quantum regimes.
2316h agoThe Stochastic Networked Governance model reveals how exogenous shocks and capital flight drive global economic phase transitions and lead to structural collapses, such as the Soviet collapse.
2316h agoNeural surrogates have limits in solving multi-scale partial differential equations because they under-resolve high-frequency content and lose information through coarse-graining.
2316h agoQuantum algorithms can analyze complex networks with multiway interactions more efficiently than classical methods, offering a polynomial advantage for synchronization estimation and a super-polynomial advantage for certifying certain dynamical regimes.
2316h agoAI models of fluid dynamics can produce unrealistic solutions, or "hallucinations", that violate physical laws, and a new framework called DeepFingers can improve their accuracy.
2316h agoA new framework that incorporates slow stochastic variables and symmetry constraints robustly approaches a near-marginal regime and reproduces predicted spectral behavior.
2316h agoThe non-Abelian model for magnetic monopoles in inhomogeneous media preserves the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) bound and supports a range of configurations, including point-like monopoles, compact-core monopoles, and multi-shell monopoles.
2316h agoState space models, a top architecture for capturing long-range data dependencies, have a mathematical correspondence with exactly solvable nonlinear oscillator networks.
2316h agoIntegrable Hamiltonian systems can exhibit regular or irregular behavior when their initial conditions have boundaries, depending on the specific problem.
2316h agoThe study derives two one-dimensional systems from the three-dimensional Euler equations and finds that they contain the core mechanism for finite-time singularity and exhibit finite-time blow-up at the coordinate origin.
2316h agoDissipative structures can sustain organization by exchanging energy and matter with their environment, and their thermodynamic efficiency increases when driven far from equilibrium, but drops near certain bifurcations.
2316h agoThe elasticity of quantum droplets depends on the particle number and the strength of interparticle interactions, and their elastic bulk modulus can be estimated through their intrinsic vibrations.
2316h agoThe kicked rotor model exhibits rich dynamical behavior and has found applications across a wide range of fields, introducing central concepts of classical and quantum chaos.
2316h agoDisorder in moire superlattices degrades flat-band localization and induces Anderson localization, with flat bands confined within the interband gap keeping strong localization even as disorder grows, while flat bands intersecting dispersive bands exhibit competing localization mechanisms.
2316h agoDeep generative models autonomously discover and internalize underlying physical rules, as shown by their ability to accurately recover microscopic Hamiltonian parameters and explain a large portion of the variance in predicted force fields.
2316h agoStochastic feedback protocols can control the dynamics of the kicked top model in classical, semiclassical, and quantum regimes.
2316h agoLateral predictive coding networks can extract non-Gaussian hidden input features quickly and accurately by using a modular structure with fewer interactions.
2316h agoDisorder modifies the linear response conductivity, which is determined by the real space quantum metric, and flat band delocalization can be understood as a classical percolation of quantum metric puddles.
2316h agoA gauge-covariant stochastic effective field theory model describes stability and finite-width effects in deep neural systems using classical commuting fields and stochastic depth variable.
2316h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for a large number of neurons and interactions that resolve instability.
2316h agoThe brain-like next-generation AI model with a closer-to-brain learning rule mitigates performance degradation associated with low-bit resolution synaptic efficacy, achieving high pattern detection success rates comparable to high-precision models.
2320h agoTemporal predictability helps determine which components of sensory experience are incorporated into spontaneous neural activity.
2320h agoDifferent psychedelics have distinct effects on affective biases, with only MDMA specifically reducing negative memories and N,N-DMT sustaining this effect and positively influencing new experiences.
2320h agoCXCL10, a chemokine produced by pathological glia, drives tau pathology by creating a localized inflammatory microenvironment, and its absence reduces tau burden in female tauopathy model mice.
2320h agoLess than 100 cell surface molecules distinguish the identities of different sensory neurons, enabling their unique wiring patterns.
2320h agoSubjective awareness is associated with early neural activity in posterior regions, not with later frontal processes.
2320h agoSuppressing the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) slows down alcohol avoidance responses, while suppressing the right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) accelerates alcohol approach responses and slows down avoidance responses.
2320h agoDifferent types of brain cells respond differently to electrical stimulation, with pyramidal cells responding strongly to low-frequency stimulation and inhibitory neurons becoming more responsive at higher frequencies.
2320h agoAn early surge in neuroendocrine activity precedes later neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus after spinal cord injury.
2320h agoThe compounds tolcapone and entacapone inhibit the aggregation and seeding of mutant TAU, with a greater effect on P301S mutant TAU than on wild-type TAU.
2320h agoALT regulates carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the human neural retina, contributing to redox balance under stress.
2320h agoFemales and males with multiple sclerosis have different gut bacteria compositions, with females having microbes that may worsen disease progression and males having a more severe neurodegenerative course.
2324h agoThe association cortex is organized into small, discrete patches that are interconnected into chains, with these patch-chains tiling the prefrontal cortex and organizing processing by information domain and behavioral goals.
2324h agoConscious states require both sufficient metabolic support and preserved integrative dynamics, and occupy a specific regime defined by these two biological constraints.
2324h agoBrain regions with specific functions show amplified cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling with the rest of the brain, and the nucleus reuniens, a thalamic relay, has a predicted oscillatory function in routing signals between the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe.
2324h agoChronic pain persists due to changes in central nervous system processing, and a new model shows that increasing calming stimulus can reduce pain by downregulating sensitization, anxiety, and fear.
2324h agoChlorogenic acid improves cell viability and reduces synuclein aggregation in lab cells, but does not improve motor behavior or reduce pathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
2332h agoReciprocal interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons play a dominant role in generating theta-nested gamma oscillations in the medial entorhinal cortex, which could support grid cell function and spatial computation.
2332h agoTask contexts change the brain's resting-state dynamics to support cognitive functioning, and individual differences in these changes relate to performance.
2332h agoCoincident activity between parallel fiber and climbing fiber inputs does not initiate plasticity in the cerebellum; instead, long-term depression is reliably evoked by ramping activity of the parallel fiber pathway that precedes a climbing fiber burst by 400ms.
2332h agoSynuclein acts as a calcium- and phosphorylation-regulated modulator of spontaneous dopamine release through pathways that are largely independent of full-fusion recycling mechanisms.
2332h agoTop-down processing from the cortex can drive activity in early somatosensory relays in humans, even in the absence of peripheral input.
2332h agoImprovements in inference from childhood to adulthood come from a change in the neural mechanisms, from an iterative retrieval mechanism to a direct retrieval mechanism, as the hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex mature.
2332h agoPsilocybin increases dendritic spine density in frontal cortical neurons and helps mice recover from fear after stressful experiences.
2332h agoHierarchical and direct connectivity pathways in the brain make distinct contributions to generating visual functionality, with hierarchical pathways reducing the dimensionality of neural representations and direct pathways providing rapid and high-dimensional representations.
2332h agoThe brain segments continuous human experience into discrete events at architectural transitions, such as doorways, marked by a robust increase in theta-band power.
2336h agoNeural activity in the striatal matrix is associated with the spatial features of licking behavior, with distinct contributions before and during movement.
2336h agoQNPtoVox is a pipeline that transforms quantitative neuropathology metrics into voxel-based maps that can be used with neuroimaging tools.
2336h agoGangliogliomas sustain precursor-like tumor cells through a permissive oncogenic niche that combines developmental neuronal programs with tumor-associated stromal and immune cues.
2336h agoPlagl2 reprograms adult mouse Muller glia into a progenitor-like state with both proliferative and neurogenic competence, allowing for regeneration of lost retinal neurons.
2336h agoNeuroscience and AI can be better connected to overcome current AI limitations by using neuroscience principles to inform AI development.
2340h agoThe GKSL master equation models mental state evolution as a dissipative process influenced by an informational environment, capturing features of human thought and decision processes.
2340h agoScaling brain activity models with more data improves performance, but increasing model size has limited benefits, unlike in language and computer vision where larger models drive progress.
2340h agoA dynamical Bayesian model shows that prior expectations and temporal structure of sensory input cause systematic biases in perceptual judgments of sequential stimuli.
2340h agoFocusing on simple spike train statistics provides enough information to infer the structure of the underlying network.
2340h agoTwo experiments are proposed to identify quantum markers in neural data by testing if neural activity follows quantum variants of equations that describe electrical signal propagation in neurons.
2340h agoNon-linear changes in brain network connectivity occur in specific networks of cognitively normal older adults with early amyloid pathology, and these changes are associated with better cognitive performance.
2340h agoA nonlinear tight-binding model supports robust traveling edge states with nontrivial local Chern topology and soliton-like states.
2340h agoThe study examines three classical integrable systems using bi-Hamiltonian geometry and separation of variables, and finds that a unified framework based on compatible Poisson structures can be applied to all three systems.
2340h agoScientists derive an exact solitary wave solution for a nonlinear Dirac equation, finding that the system's energy and momentum are conserved despite a gain-loss term, and that the solution's existence condition defines the PT-symmetric transition point.
2340h agoOrlov-Schulman symmetries are constructed for the self-dual conformal structure hierarchy, proving their compatibility with basic Lax-Sato flows.
2340h agoScientists introduce Hamiltonian potential variables to map Hamiltonian operators into symplectic operators, and use this concept to present the Lagrangian structure for bi-Hamiltonian systems and construct pairs of Lagrangian multiforms.
2340h agoLiouville integrable systems on compact symplectic manifolds have smooth connected isotropic submanifolds as their singular fibers, which can be modeled as quotient spaces of certain subgroups of SU(n).
2340h agoMachine learning emulators accurately forecast ocean states for 10-15 days using a 24-hour time step and prescribed atmospheric conditions.
2340h agoA new agent-based model reveals that simple psychological rules, including the desire for uniqueness and the tendency to simplify complex information, can generate complex social behavior, such as the emergence of distinct opinion clusters and ongoing polarization in human societies.
2340h agoRecurrence analysis reveals that paths on networks display unique patterns, including backtracking, and can help understand network structure, path dynamics, and their interaction.
2340h agoThe competition between slow mixing of a system and heavy-tailed observables determines the limit law in deterministic dynamical systems, with either mechanism dominating depending on the mixing exponent and the index of the observable.
2340h agoHigher-order dynamical constraints emerge on a graph's 1-skeleton when interactions have nontrivial topological structure, causing synchronization to be obstructed by intrinsic topological frustration on cycles.
2340h agoA new method called "turbuloscope" efficiently generates complex turbulent fields by leveraging the intrinsic structures of turbulence, allowing for an exponential speedup in simulating fluid dynamics.
2340h agoThe charge transport capacity grows with system size in the interacting Anderson model, but this growth may not continue at larger system sizes, suggesting that many-body localization may still occur.
2340h agoThe Daydreaming algorithm improves storage capacity in the Hopfield model by reinforcing stored patterns and suppressing spurious attractors, and it works better than the pseudo-inverse rule for biased patterns.
2340h agoQuantum sensing with Floquet chaotic dynamics generated by Haar random unitary gates achieves linear, shot-noise scaling of metrological precision in the asymptotic limit and shows quantum advantages beyond linear scaling in non-asymptotic regimes.
2340h agoStealthy hyperuniform bond distributions modify the electronic and magnetic properties of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice by changing the density of states and wave functions, and affect the phase transition between semimetallic and antiferromagnetically ordered states.
2340h agoA junction with a topological center and trivial adjoining leads exhibits Klein tunneling, allowing perfect transmission of particles despite a bulk spectral gap.
2340h agoThe study connects parametric RDT to overlap gap properties and finds that the algorithmic threshold for symmetric binary perceptrons is closely approached by the bounds of ultrametric overlap gap properties at different levels.
2340h agoQuantum dynamics of a many-body free-fermion system subjected to local density measurements lead to development of quantum correlations that gradually change from initial state to steady-state form over time.
2340h agoIncreasing the hopping range in Anderson localisation on high-dimensional graphs shifts the localisation transition to stronger disorder and can eliminate the localised phase even at strong disorder.
2340h agoLocal loops enhance resonant processes, reduce critical disorder, and increase the spatial extent of localized eigenstates, reconciling key discrepancies between many-body localization and single-particle Anderson localization.
2340h agoA new type of neural network, called the perceptrain, combines features from deep neural networks and tensor networks to efficiently represent complex quantum many-body states.
2340h agoAmorphous solids exhibit structural relaxations driven by intermittent, scale-free cascades of local rearrangements called 'thermal avalanches' with a hierarchical spatio-temporal structure.
2340h agoThe Holevo information reveals distinct phases of quantum information distribution between subsystems, with a sharp transition between exponential decay and linear growth with system size.
2340h agoA group of snoRNAs in the gut affects longevity and neurodegeneration by modifying ribosomal RNA, which changes the translation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, leading to altered triglyceride and sterol levels.
2340h agoThe modulation of late positive potential during emotional regulation reflects cognitive load, not volitional emotional control, as both instructions to increase or decrease emotional responses reduce LPP amplitude equally.
2340h agoSocial context changes how people feel and respond emotionally, by intensifying some physiological responses while reducing others, and making emotional responses less consistent across different modes.
2340h agoMaintaining task performance under pain requires more effort, which is associated with changes in brain activity in areas involved in pain modulation, cognitive control, motor execution, and valuation processes.
2340h agoBrain network analysis becomes more reliable and comparable across studies with BridgeBP, a new toolbox that transforms brain connectivity data from one scheme into over 40 alternative schemes.
2340h agoProtocadherin 9 (Pcdh9) plays a role in integrating specific subtypes of bipolar neurons into the developing retinal circuit through homophilic interactions with synaptic partners.
2340h agoTraining with finger-extending exoskeletons reduces the perceived weight of the device, but not the biological hand, suggesting a two-stage process where passive attachment and sensorimotor training help integrate wearable technologies into the body.
2344h agoThe strong coupling between cardiac parasympathetic activity and high-frequency brain activity predicts a favorable outcome after resuscitation from anoxia.
2344h agoCurrent low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure limits remain conservative, as simulated neural activation thresholds are above the limits set by IEEE ICES and ICNIRP.
2344h agoGamma-amino-L-proline peptides, specifically peptide 33 (P33), can reduce amyloid-beta production, decrease amyloid plaque burden, and improve behavioral recognition in Alzheimer's disease models.
2344h agoMice select a diet with essential amino acids when deficient in them through a circuit that connects the tongue, AgRP neurons, and the paraventricular thalamus.
2344h agoMCH activity rises in response to sensory stimuli and peaks before drinking, then returns to baseline, and the type of sugar and alcohol concentration in a cocktail affects MCH activity, which is correlated with approach behavior.
2344h agoMidbrain dopamine neurons project to the external Globus Pallidus and are inhibited by the GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area, forming a disynaptic circuit that influences basal ganglia function.
2348h agoFeedback signals to early visual cortex support perceptual filling-in and visual surface perception.
2348h agoNew mouse lines allow red fluorescent labeling of myelin in the nervous system, enabling combined structural and functional imaging with other green-fluorescing sensors.
2348h agoThe deletion of the wac gene leads to curtailed food-leaving behavior, impaired growth, and reduced lifespan in worms, and disrupts cholinergic signaling through changes in gene expression.
2348h agoThe retinal topography of mammals reflects the influence of the visual environment, with a key area in mice, called the S-opsin transitional zone, proposed as the central retinal area, similar to the visual streak in diurnal rodents.
2348h agoDisambiguation and memory retrieval costs during sentence comprehension are reflected in distinct brain regions and timing, with surprisal predictive of bilateral temporal and parietal activity around 300-500 ms and normalized attention entropy predictive of later activity in the same regions around 750-850 ms.
2348h agoApolipoprotein E (APOE) regulates the synaptic vesicle cycle, and its abnormal levels impair neurotransmission, with APOE levels changing with age and sex.
2348h agoPathological beta-band oscillations in Parkinson's disease emerge from a specific pattern of synaptic reorganization, namely increased excitation from the subthalamic nucleus to the external globus pallidus and decreased inhibition from the external globus pallidus to the subthalamic nucleus.
2348h agoMarathon running causes temporary changes in the brain's myelin, but brain function remains intact, with only minor and short-lived effects on higher-order processing.
2348h agoAntibodies targeting pSer404 are more effective in preventing tau-induced toxicity and seeding than those targeting pSer396, and their efficacy is influenced by their binding mode, epitope selectivity, and humanization.
2348h agoDopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens regulate scratching behavior by balancing the start and stop of scratching, with D1R neurons promoting scratching and D2R neurons terminating it.
2348h agoChronotype is independently linked to dual-task gait cost, with people who are more morning-oriented having better gait-speed preservation under cognitive load, and this link varies depending on the type of cognitive task.
2348h agoAstrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are trafficked to neuronal mitochondria in vivo, where their cargo is preferentially delivered to synaptic mitochondria.
2352h agoLoss of the enzyme NMNAT2 disrupts protein processing in neurons, leading to accumulation of abnormal protein fragments, and this disruption is dependent on another protein, SARM1, and linked to metabolic stress and protein dysfunction.
2352h agoMicroglia depletion causes a deterioration in progranulin-deficiency, leading to serious side effects and increased proinflammatory genes, despite initial restoration of dendritic spines and synaptic structures.
2352h agoEye Movement-related Eardrum Oscillations remain stable and unaffected by the medial olivocochlear reflex and changes in head orientation.
2352h agoMechanosensory information helps control antennal movement in Drosophila through a sensory-motor circuit that integrates motor commands with mechanosensory input.
2352h agoZebrafish with a mutated adgrl3.1 gene, a model for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), exhibit higher baseline excitability and a lower threshold for initiating motor events when tested in an interactive environment.
2352h agoFour compounds - amitriptyline, difluprednate, maprotiline, and prednisolone - improve visual function in a model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa caused by the RHO Q344X mutation.
2352h agoElevated levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) are associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes, and increase with age, especially in individuals with accelerated memory decline.
2352h agoLithium's mood stabilising effects come from reorganising multiple kinase networks, not just inhibiting a single target, and this reorganisation affects synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, and chemical transmission.
2352h agoThe study creates a database of 291 naturalistic audio stimuli, which are recognizable, emotionally varied, and organized into 10 distinct categories.
2352h agoAn approach that starts with genetic changes under selection during human evolution can reveal adaptive phenotypes across different evolutionary timescales.
2356h agoThe human brain groups words into phrases to modulate prediction efficiency, a key difference from large language models which are optimized to predict the next word.
2356h agoNeural signal complexity changes with perceptual clarity of a stimulus, with increased clarity associated with decreased complexity in certain brain wave frequencies and increased complexity in others.
2356h agoThe early visual cortex represents working memory content in a separate but similar format to sensory information, allowing it to process both incoming sensory input and memory content simultaneously.
2356h agoMammals adapt to altered visual experiences through a process involving the visual cortex, which allows for experience-dependent behavioral plasticity.
2356h agoNeonatal functional brain connections predict later behavioral and temperament outcomes in infants, with prefrontal and temporoparietal systems playing a key role, and preterm birth linked to different brain connection patterns.
2356h agoMicroRNAs play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining microglial identity and function in the central nervous system, with specific microRNAs being conserved across species.
2356h agoThe tuning and organization of auditory cortex receptive fields mature from childhood to adulthood, with a protracted increase in low frequency representation driving basic auditory behaviors.
2356h agoChildhood social functioning is organised into four profiles - social engagement, friendship difficulties, social withdrawal, and peer victimisation - that relate to clinical pathways, cognitive outcomes, and brain structure.
2356h agoA two-hidden-layer neural network with feedforward gating can achieve fast and high-capacity learning using local learning rules when intermediate activity is sparse.
2360h agoConnectome-constrained neural network models trained under identical conditions produce unstable and different biologically plausible circuit solutions, and similar task performance does not guarantee a model's circuit solution matches real neural mechanisms.
2360h agoP2X7 receptors on astrocytes cause damage to these cells and lead to their atrophy after status epilepticus, and blocking these receptors prevents this damage.
2360h agoThe DETECT pipeline combines background denoising, object segmentation, and multi-object tracking to efficiently analyze complex imaging datasets generated by neural activity sensors.
2360h agoMLE-Toolbox is a comprehensive open-source MATLAB toolbox that integrates a full analysis pipeline for magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data within a unified graphical interface.
2364h agoA new causal framework reveals robust cyclic causal patterns in complex networks by interpreting causality as directional energy flow along network connections.
2364h agoCortical folding patterns provide a marker of neurological disease, and a new method analyzes these patterns to characterize distributed cortical alterations in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
2364h agoArtificial neural networks and biological brains show similar representations because they face similar environmental constraints, not because they converge on a universal representation of reality.
2364h agoDetermining what information survives compression when a system commits to a hypothesis is a consequence-sensitive problem that requires a dynamic compression criterion to balance policy-relevant distinctions and learning adaptation.
2364h agoLinear-threshold networks with asymmetric neural interactions and heterogeneous dissipation are globally asymptotically stable under the structural Lyapunov diagonal stability condition.
2364h agoThe architecture of a neural network mainly determines how well its internal representations align with those of the human visual cortex in early areas, while the learning rule used to train the network drives alignment in higher visual areas.
2364h agoA scaling-law framework based on data covariance operators and task-aligned signal projections predicts when additional data will improve performance in scientific discoveries.
2364h agoAlzheimer's disease progression can be modeled using a framework that tracks the spatio-temporal dynamics of toxic proteins in the brain, and a three-dimensional model provides the most accurate description.
2364h agoConsciousness in physical systems is generated by internal causal mechanisms within the system, not by external interventions or physical laws.
2364h agoThis paper proposes an approach to creating artificial systems that can generate new objective functions on the fly, using a concept called subjective functions that are based on an agent's own features.
2364h agoCombining brain imaging and mapping techniques, scientists estimate how external stimulation is transformed into brain reaction patterns and infer a branched propagation architecture that favours signal aggregation in shared neural highways.
2364h agoCoupled dissipative structures can be reduced to an equivalent engine with a specified efficiency using two fundamental association laws.
2364h agoThe Duffing-Holmes oscillator with a double-well potential exhibits a range of dynamics, including period-doubling routes to chaos, multistability, and antiperiodic orbits, which are mapped out in a high-resolution two-dimensional phase diagram.
2364h agoA unified formulation of Laplacian-style couplings reveals that matrix phases can capture essential stability properties of networks with arbitrary Laplacian coupling.
2364h agoLifelike cellular automata, such as Conway's Game of Life, exhibit a biosignature of temporal retention, which indicates a form of livingness.
2364h agoGrokking in deep neural networks is marked by a sudden transition from memorization to generalization, which is accompanied by a localized dynamical crossing of the Gaussian diffusion baseline precisely at the generalization transition.
2364h agoIncreasing the gap width in a Taylor-Couette configuration makes the flow more stable and delays the transition to turbulence.
2364h agoMagnetically arrested disks have higher fractal dimensions, lower Hurst indexes, and flatter spectral slopes than standard and normal evolution disks in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations.
2364h agoThe fractal structure of quantum operators helps explain many-body quantum chaos, where local operators evolve into non-local ones with a quantifiable fractal dimension over time.
2364h agoA scalable simulation framework combines physics-informed neural networks with traditional solvers to accurately and quickly model large heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
2364h agoSymmetry breaking is a key principle that governs the optimal structure of transport networks, occurring in two forms, and influenced by fluctuations and resource constraints.
2364h agoNon-local competitive interactions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems lead to self-organized vegetation patterns through two distinct mechanisms: intensified competition between vegetated patches and local growth outpacing competitive susceptibility.
2364h agoThermodynamic models for fluid systems in equilibrium are exactly solvable to any expansion order, and their solutions reveal phase transitions as classical shock waves and critical points in the space of thermodynamic variables.
2364h agoTree-grass coexistence in savannas results from interactions between tree facilitation of grasses and grass competition with trees for water, leading to bistability between savanna and grassland states.
2364h agoA two-dimensional family of integrable coupled Dirac-scalar field theories is constructed in 1+1 dimensions, parameterized by two variables, and its integrability follows from automorphisms of the Lax algebra preserving the zero-curvature condition.
2364h agoThe optimal placement of k ordered points on the unit interval changes from collision-free minimizers to endpoint-collapsed minimizers as the parameter q of the pair potential $K_q(d)=e^{-d^q}$ increases past certain critical values.
2364h agoElastic interactions through the substrate cause two cardiomyocytes to synchronize their beating in either in-phase or anti-phase states depending on their mutual orientation and distance.
2364h agoDisorder modifies the linear response conductivity, which is determined by the real space quantum metric, and leads to a critical delocalized regime in a two-dimensional multi-flatband lattice.
2364h agoA new framework called Recursive Orthogonal Splitting Analysis (ROSA) decomposes the vibrational spectrum of amorphous solids into contributions from well-defined types of atomic motions.
2364h agoEnsemble learning improves performance in machine learning by sampling multiple models, and an analytical framework explains when and why this approach outperforms standard loss minimization in certain cases.
2364h agoMemristive networks naturally generate neuronal population spiking dynamics similar to those in biological systems, and their nonlinear spike-like features are maximized when input signal frequency matches the network's intrinsic timescale.
2364h agoActivated transitions in disordered systems have rates that are exponentially small in system size, and a new method using transition path sampling evaluates these rates by identifying the role of intermediate configurations.
2364h agoThe spiked Wigner ensemble study shows that inhomogeneous noise can enhance signal detectability in high-dimensional inference. becomes Inhomogeneous noise can enhance signal detectability in high-dimensional inference.
2364h agoGrokking in deep neural networks is marked by a sudden transition from memorization to generalization, which is accompanied by a localized dynamical crossing of the Gaussian diffusion baseline precisely at the generalization transition.
2364h agoThe curvature field in the classical Ising model develops a pronounced ridge structure extending from the critical point into the supercritical regime, identifying the Widom line as a geometric feature of control space where thermodynamic response is maximal.
2364h agoA modified Ising spin dynamics with an added inertia term enables fully parallel, synchronous updates in probabilistic Ising machines, improving success probability and achieving a significant speedup in solving densely connected problems.
2364h agoA mysterious relation between number variance and the variance of an ordered eigenvalue is asymptotically exact for a specific symmetry class.
2364h agoA new compression scheme called OSCAR enables efficient storage and processing of large wave field data by reducing its size by up to 380 times while preserving accuracy.
2364h agoA recirculating bricks mesh architecture allows a single programmable photonic processor to perform multiple functions, including switching, filtering, and AI computation, by reconfiguring a waveguide mesh on a single chip.
2364h agoA machine learning-assisted optimization method exceeds the capabilities of classical state-of-the-art techniques in solving a class of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems.
2364h agoA transition from a fully erratic non-Hermitian skin effect phase to a fully localized phase occurs in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian Aubry-André-Harper chain with spatially disordered non-reciprocity.
2364h agoThe Prometheus framework can accurately detect phase transitions in three-dimensional classical systems and quantum many-body systems, identifying critical temperatures, exponents, and points with high accuracy.
2364h agoThe study derives the disorder-averaged density matrix to describe the dynamics of matter waves undergoing elastic scattering from a disordered potential in the presence of spatially uniform SU(2) gauge fields.
2364h agoAlgebraically localized eigenstates exist within the continuum spectrum of 2D non-Hermitian systems with a single impurity, decaying algebraically as they move away from the impurity site.
2364h agoTransversal gates reduce the error threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation, with the tCNOT gate decreasing the bit-flip threshold to 0.080, and including syndrome errors yielding a conservative estimate of 0.028.
2364h agoThe spectral functions of certain many-body quantum-mechanical systems develop non-compact support and exponential tails, which hints at the emergence of a semiclassical spacetime and causal horizons.
2364h agoOrdinary lattice defects, such as vacancies and substitutions, can serve as probes of the non-trivial topology of electronic Bloch bands and detect changes in the local topological environment.
2364h agoThe spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice has an intermediate phase between N\'eel antiferromagnetic and stripe ordered regimes with plaquette valence bond, nematic, and quantum spin liquid ground states; machine learning analysis identifies the N\'eel-to-stripe crossover near $J_2/J_1 \approx 0.5$--$0.6$.
2364h agoThe superior colliculus receives a near-complete sampling of retinal ganglion cell functional diversity, with functionally distinct response types organized in systematic laminar gradients.
2364h agoPreoperative resting-state fMRI can non-invasively identify brain regions where seizures originate in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy.
2364h agoTranscranial temporal interference stimulation applied to the primary motor cortex reduces experimental pain perception in humans in a frequency-dependent manner.
2364h agoThe choice of tract-derived metrics in multi-site studies affects their reproducibility and subject discrimination more than harmonization methods do.
2364h agoBehavioral measures of multisensory integration are composite and cannot be interpreted in isolation because they are influenced by multiple factors, leading to potential misattribution of group differences.
2364h agoSingleBehavior Lab (SBL) framework models behavior across experimental contexts by combining spatiotemporal embeddings with lightweight adapters, enabling behavior sequencing, task-specific refinement, and unsupervised clustering of behavioral states.
2364h agoShort interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) reflects inhibition within specific cortical circuits, not a global index of cortical GABAergic motor cortical inhibition.
2364h agoMotor neuron loss varies greatly in reported studies due to nonspecific spinal cord sampling, but using a whole-segment approach with improved labeling and imaging techniques provides a more accurate and reproducible way to quantify motor neuron loss.
2368h agoMistake-gated learning reduces the number of network updates by 50% to 80% by only updating synaptic connections when classification errors occur.
2368h agoTraumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness increases amyloid levels in later life, especially in people who have the APOE ε4 gene.
2368h agoGLP-1 agonists work in the lateral septum of the brain to reduce consumption of rewarding substances by changing how this region communicates with its network and altering the coding of reward.
2376h agoThe rostro-lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC-rl) helps animals link sensory cues with motor actions by bridging the temporal delay between them during sensorimotor associative learning.
2376h agoRecent movements shape current movement characteristics, with motor and sensory signals making distinct contributions: motor states influence planning, while sensory states influence feedback-related movement refinement.
2376h agoThe brain's fronto-parietal circuits play a central role in evaluating effort and reward, and differences in these circuits are linked to conditions such as ADHD and apathy.
2388h agoA state-of-the-art brain decoding model can be adapted to reconstruct imagined content by using a latent functional alignment approach that maps brain activity to the model's conditioning space.
2388h agoIntracellular chloride concentration regulates the balance between excitation and inhibition in neurons, and changes in chloride dynamics drive distinct stages of seizure activity.
2388h agoThe generation of consciousness is determined by a system's internal causal mechanisms, which are driven by asymmetric cause-and-effect relationships and inter-level causality within the system.
2388h agoCollecting trajectory data, in addition to count data, can help alleviate challenges in determining model parameters when studying population dispersal using stochastic diffusion models.
2388h agoDark solitons in nonlinear Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices maintain a constant background with intensity dips in the bulk or at the edges, and their stability varies with coupling strengths.
2388h agoThe coupled dynamics of evolutionary adaptation and reinforcement learning drives a complex system to a critical state where it exhibits scale-free avalanches and achieves optimal collective rewards.
2388h agoA geometry-governed diffusion framework reveals that increased tissue structural complexity suppresses long-range transport and enhances localization under FLASH ultra-high dose rate irradiation.
2388h agoJets of initial data can be approximated to any order by finite-gap solutions for certain classes of PDEs, including KdV, Kaup--Boussinesq, and Camassa--Holm equations.
2388h agoGhost attractors are dynamic structures that can explain long transient behaviors in systems, and new algorithms and software can identify and characterize these structures to gain insights into transient dynamics.
2388h agoA general principle governs self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems: it emerges when a small subset of system configurations are exceptionally stable and long-lived to survive noise generated by driving and environmental constraints.
2388h agoKink-anti-kink scattering in certain potentials reveals a mechanism for particle-like production above specific field-value thresholds, and exhibits a phase-transition-like property in which collisions switch from disintegration to oscillon production under certain conditions.
2388h agoThe mixed Hessian of the dispersionless Toda $\tau$-function has a spectral transition at $\zeta_c=(s-1)^{s-1}/s^s$, where one eigenvalue diverges logarithmically while the rest stay bounded.
2388h agoTraining dynamics in multi-layer perceptrons traverse plateau and near-optimal regions organized by saddle structures before converging to an overfitting regime.
2388h agoThe spin-glass model study shows a direct transition from a paramagnetic state to a full replica symmetry broken phase, not a one-step replica symmetry breaking phase transition.
2388h agoA geometry-governed diffusion framework reveals that increased tissue structural complexity suppresses long-range transport and enhances localization under FLASH ultra-high dose rate irradiation.
2388h agoThe strong-field asymptotics for Hall field-induced resistance oscillations are derived, showing that oscillation amplitudes are set by the full backscattering rate and that odd harmonics have coefficients determined by combinations of backscattering rates.
2388h agoA basis transformation that uses a single learnable locality parameter enhances the accuracy of neural-network variational Monte Carlo by making the target ground state easier to represent.
2388h agoThe study identifies unconventional phases in the interacting Anderson Quantum Sun model, including one with volume-law entanglement and intermediate spectral statistics, and another with Poisson level statistics and sub-volume entanglement growth.
2388h agoDefects at finite-temperature topological transitions belong to a new topological universality class when weak disorder is present.
2388h agoSpin glass thin film multilayers exhibit dynamics of 3D at short times but switch to 2D dynamics at long times, with correlation lengths growing more rapidly in 2D.
2388h agoA deep-learning-powered paradigm called SPARX can quickly and accurately predict the optical spectra of numerous nanoparticles from a simple RGB image.
2388h agoThe quantum error correction threshold is closely related to the physics of random statistical models, and coherent information serves as a sharp indicator of phase transitions, enabling a high-precision estimate of the critical probability.
2388h agoInteractions and quasiperiodic driving in a one-dimensional boson model generate synthetic dimensions, allowing for the emulation of Anderson localization and its transition in arbitrary dimensions.
2388h agoDisorder and particle interactions affect bias-reversal symmetry in nonequilibrium transport, with bond disorder preserving symmetry and site disorder breaking it.
2388h agoNUAK1 kinase directly phosphorylates Pleckstrin Homology and Sec7-domain containing protein 3 (PSD3), which regulates ARF6 activation and spine maturation in neurons.
2404h agoThe 7nAChR on astrocytes, not neurons, plays a crucial role in promoting cognitive behavior through D-serine/NMDAR signaling.
2404h agoVisual exposure to other mice activates specific brain cells that promote social behavior, such as caring for young, in female mice.
2404h agoTREM2 deficiency causes region-specific effects on cerebral amyloid angiopathy, reducing vascular amyloid deposition in the cortex but exacerbating it in the cerebellum.
2404h agoTraumatic brain injuries reorganize the nucleus accumbens, reducing the salience of environmental cues linked to outcomes, which can contribute to psychiatric symptoms such as impaired decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and impulsivity.
2404h agoThe ABCD-BIDS Community Collection provides a resource of over 24,000 processed diffusion MRI datasets that helps researchers study adolescent white matter development, with measures of diffusion restriction and non-Gaussianity sensitive to neurodevelopment.
2404h agoThe hippocampus differentiates between threat-related and goal-related locations to guide decisions when animals face danger, and its activity changes based on experience with threats.
2404h agoMetabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptors regulate reward-seeking behaviors independently of general locomotor or orofacial motor function.
2404h agoThe study presents a single-cell transcriptomic characterization of the canine dorsal root ganglion, revealing molecular insights into sensory neuron diversity and identifying conserved and divergent pain- and itch-related pathways across species.
2408h agoMagnetophosphene perception is associated with distributed broadband high-frequency EEG activity, specifically increased gamma-band activity over frontal and occipital areas, not with focal low-frequency EEG markers.
2416h agoSkin deformation during tactile interaction mainly occurs in out-of-contact regions, accounting for about 70% of total deformation energy, and consistently initiates in peripheral zones, propagating inward as partial slip develops.
2416h agoA new 3D-printed brain phantom, called SiGn, generates dynamic signal changes that mimic those detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis pipelines, allowing for end-to-end assessment of fMRI quality assurance.
2416h agoThe brain, heart, and gut interact with each other in a multi-directional network at slow timescales, shaping resting state activity in healthy individuals.
2428h agoGSH dysregulation synergizes with Aβ to induce lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in neuron-like cells, making neurons more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
2428h agoActive fMRI tasks that engage brain systems involved in multisensory learning best predict literacy skills in school-aged children, especially tasks that require phonological-lexical decisions.
2428h agoConcept cells in the brain form a memory engram by connecting to cortical cells triggered by related sensory inputs, and this process likely involves creating new synapses through structural plasticity.
2428h agoHippocampal activity during specific windows of brain oscillations in non-rapid eye movement sleep is necessary for memory consolidation.
2428h agoDualGPT-AB, a dual-stage framework, simultaneously optimizes antigen-binding specificity and developabilities for therapeutic antibody design, producing antibody candidates with enhanced tumoricidal activity.
2432h agoFeatureMAP improves single-cell data analysis by preserving gene-level information, enabling more accurate identification of transitional cell states, differentiation trajectories, and key regulatory features.
2432h agoThe exocyst complex plays a central role in regulating the intracellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and influences amyloidogenic processing and A{beta} secretion in neurons.
2440h agoGRK2/3 inhibition alters the relationship between protein expression and behavioral sensitization in a region-specific manner, without changing locomotor sensitization.
2440h agoMagnetic Resonance Artificial Intelligence Velocimetry (MR-AIV) infers brain fluid transport with improved accuracy and reliability by combining physics-informed neural networks with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
2440h agoThe brain of people with autism less flexibly adjusts its predictions to changing environmental uncertainty, which may contribute to their resistance to change.
2440h agoThe 2A adrenergic receptor mediates sedative, hypnotic, and hypothermic effects of 2-agonists via neurons.
2444h agoDepression is associated with different brain activity patterns during memory encoding and retrieval, including reduced activity in areas like the thalamus and caudate during encoding, and altered activity in areas like the frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during autobiographical and non-autobiographical retrieval.
2444h agoA canine dorsal root ganglion cell atlas reveals 15 neuronal subtypes and 8 non-neuronal subtypes, providing new insights into canine sensory neurobiology and a valuable resource for pain research and therapeutic development.
2444h agoDepressive symptoms in middle-aged individuals at risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease are linked to distinct brain changes, including reduced cortical thickness and altered connectivity in networks involved in emotion regulation and reward processing.
2444h agoA new approach uses in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging to obtain subject-specific mechanical properties of brain tissue at voxel resolution, providing a smoothly varying mechanical property distribution that better captures local microstructural differences.
2448h agoA new modeling framework called Restricted-RNN identifies circuit mechanisms underlying complex brain functions, including sequence working memory control and perceptual decision-making, and reveals a unified neural control state space that links different phenomena across tasks.
2448h agoThe mSTS brain region processes information about spatial context and behavioral state during natural behavior in macaques.
2448h agoAperiodic neural activity tracks neural spiking, but this relationship depends on the cortical state and behavioral context, and is altered by changes in oscillatory synchrony.
2448h agoCannabidiol exposure during pregnancy changes astrocyte morphology and tripartite synapse composition in the medial prefrontal cortex of offspring brains, with males and females showing different effects.
2448h agoProlonged social isolation during adolescence reduces interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in the hypothalamus, which is associated with aberrant behavior, including aggression and reduced social exploration, in both male and female rodents.
2448h agoAgeing causes changes in brain cells, including astrocytes that interact less with neurons and more with microglia, and have reduced Wnt-signalling, which can be partly reversed by increasing JunD expression.
2448h agoEarly life stress modulates stress responses to emotional challenges in adulthood, possibly through long-lasting changes in blood-brain barrier function via the glucocorticoid system.
2448h agoThe brain's metabolic strategy for energy production changes from prenatal to postnatal stages, shifting from anabolic pathways to energy-producing pathways, a pattern conserved across human, macaque, mouse, rat, and chicken.
2448h agoDeep brain stimulation affects memory performance differently depending on the stimulation frequency and brain area targeted, with 50 Hz stimulation enhancing memory and 5 Hz stimulation impairing it.
2448h agoReduced top-down drive from the frontal cortex and increased cortical excitability are linked to psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals with high schizotypy.
2448h agoSuperagers, people over 80 with good memory, have better memory performance because their brains respond more strongly to unexpected events and get used to expected ones.
2448h agoPsilocybin alters the activity of certain brain cells, specifically reducing the firing of somatostatin-expressing interneurons and increasing the activity of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the mouse medial frontal cortex.
2448h agoMotor adaptation involves two separate processes, implicit recalibration and explicit re-aiming, which combine during learning and then get reorganized by consolidation into independent, context-dependent components.
2456h agoThe adolescent brain adapts to social and environmental experiences, and its structure varies based on personal, social, and neighborhood conditions.
2456h agoChildren with developmental language disorder have reduced neural tracking of speech, especially for prosodic and syllabic information, and disrupted communication between brain areas involved in speech processing.
2456h agoPatients with functional neurological disorders have impaired control of voluntary actions triggered by negative emotions, which affects brain connections and leads to slower reaction times and missed responses.
2456h agoMutations in SCN2A impair sociability by disrupting the activity of specific brain cells and circuits, particularly in the nucleus accumbens and cortico-limbic pathways.
2456h agoMotor cortex activity changes depending on which hand or hands are used for a task, with some areas processing information about both hands for coordinated movement.
2456h agoNeural Latching Switch Circuits can be assembled to create neural architectures that implement any procedural behavior, supporting temporally structured behaviors like planning and language.
2456h agoThe sleeping brain is mechanically better suited for large-scale cerebrospinal fluid dynamics because slow-wave sleep allows for smoother vascular-volume oscillations that brain tissue can transmit, whereas wakefulness generates high-frequency transients that brain tissue cannot transmit.
2456h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex uses three domain-invariant computations - probabilistic inference, task state organization, and task dynamics - to enable learning flexible internal models across diverse domains.
2456h agoL6b-Ctgf neurons are highly active, respond to external stimuli, and help keep the cortex ready to process specific information.
2456h agoEarly visual areas and the ventral stream drive information flow in the human visual cortex, while dorsal and lateral streams act as integrators of this information.
2456h agoMuller glial Dicer1/microRNA loss preserves inner retinal function and reduces secondary degeneration after injury.
2456h agoNeuronal differentiation follows a coordinated molecular program that transforms progenitor cells into mature neurons through transitions in RNA processing, splicing, and synaptic and metabolic maturation.
2456h agoA closed-loop reinforcement learning framework helps identify electrical stimulation patterns that evoke specific activity in neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays.
2456h agoThe brain implements adaptive control of thought by learning to select computations through a process that combines rational meta-reasoning and meta-learning.
2456h agoThe quantum kicked top model provides a framework for exploring the relationship between classical nonlinear dynamics and quantum behavior, exhibiting rich dynamical phenomena and linking classical phase space structures with quantum indicators.
2460h agoThe human visual system's robustness to adversarial attacks can be replicated by a biological hybrid model that combines a retina gap junction-based filter with deep neural networks.
2460h agoA unified framework combining data and prior knowledge enhances EEG signals by mapping cortical anatomy onto neural signal propagation, effectively recovering lost neural activity patterns and providing a pathway to acquire high-fidelity neural signals at low cost.
2460h agoA new evaluation framework that compares model predictions to a ground-truth approximation yields single-participant evaluations that outperform conventional scores by 300-1000% on synthetic EEG data and 250% on real MEEG datasets.
2460h agoThe new software framework Goxpyriment enables easy programming of behavioral and cognitive experiments with a simple, self-contained executable file that has no runtime dependencies.
2460h agoA new mechanism called Heartbeat-Driven Autonomous Thinking Activity Scheduling enables large language model agents to proactively regulate their thinking activities and adapt to changing situations.
2460h agoHuman 3D vision uses two stages to estimate scene properties: extracting stereo depth and interpreting that experience to judge distance.
2460h agoA new method detects community structure in functional brain networks, accounting for individual variability, and shows more accurate and reliable results than existing methods.
2460h agoA new framework enables low-dimensional reduction for populations of globally coupled phase oscillators with multiharmonic coupling.
2460h agoConverting a computational device into an algebraic structure measures its computational power.
2460h agoBright solitons exist in a repulsively interacting, harmonically trapped quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate, and a neural-network quantum state approach can be used to find solutions that balance repulsion with trap-induced attraction.
2460h agoApplying a chaos-based feature transformation to convolutional neural networks improves their performance on image classification tasks with limited training data.
2460h agoThe minimal coupling strength required for a fully phase-locked equilibrium in the Kuramoto model exists when the rescaled frequency vector lies inside a convex set in frequency space.
2460h agoThe Ising all-to-all model exhibits a range of dynamics, from integrable to chaotic, within a single system across different symmetry blocks.
2460h agoCell-cell adhesion helps maintain cohesion in streams of follower cells during collective migration, but a mathematical model shows that its effect is limited and cannot sustain long streams of follower cells.
2460h agoGlassy dynamics are characterized by a vanishing gap between oscillatory and decaying modes in the Koopman spectrum, which serves as a model-agnostic signature for detecting and analyzing such dynamics.
2460h agoQuantum states in certain periodically driven systems can recur after a finite amount of time, and an arithmetic framework identifies all possible recurrence times by analyzing the spectrum of the system's unitary evolution.
2460h agoOptimizing the connectivity of a reservoir computer improves its performance and interpretability by decoupling its dynamics into independent modes and selecting an optimal connectivity based on a set of eigenvalues.
2460h agoBound states form between dark-antidark solitary waves in two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates due to periodic modulations of the inter-soliton potential and spatial spin-density oscillations.
2460h agoLocal commuting charges do not always display all-or-nothing behavior, with some systems having charges that exist for certain but not all values of locality.
2460h agoA complex system's response to a slow external force often shows a jump discontinuity near the critical point, which breaks into smaller jumps due to sites with varying coordination numbers.
2460h agoThe reduced Dirac Hamiltonian on a non-rotating BTZ background leads to a lattice model that relates the geometry of the BTZ cylinder to its electronic properties, where weaker curvature sharpens the fragmentation of energy levels and larger horizons suppress magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm responses.
2460h agoThe KM states in the SYK model remain pure when described with adapted operators, but lose purity when described with generic operators, as the emergent algebra changes from Type I to Type II.
2460h agoThe AI revolution, particularly large language models, fundamentally changes how complex information and human know-how are carried, replicated, and shared, transforming scientific collaboration, discovery, publishing, and evaluation.
2460h agoA new framework describes how gravitational waves propagate through a random distribution of weak gravitational lenses, unifying interference, diffraction, and statistical fluctuations in a single description.
2460h agoGlassy dynamics are characterized by a vanishing gap between oscillatory and decaying modes in the Koopman spectrum, which serves as a model-agnostic signature for detecting and analyzing such dynamics.
2460h agoA new statistical mechanics ensemble reveals a cluster of delocalized connected solutions in the symmetric binary perceptron model that remains stable until a critical threshold.
2460h agoLong-range resonances exist in quasiperiodic many-body localized systems, characterized by fat-tailed distributions of longitudinal correlations and entanglement at long distance.
2460h agoA new formalism allows for direct manipulation and optimization of subspaces, and a method called Bridge improves the performance of variational dynamics by reducing errors from discretizing dynamics.
2460h agoDisorder in quantum systems drives a transition from ergodic to non-ergodic phases, with an intermediate regime showing glass-like characteristics where some degrees of freedom are frozen and spin diffusion disappears.
2460h agoAutoregressive generative models generate sequences by sampling from a deterministic summary of the past, and a new theoretical framework based on stochastic thermodynamics introduces entropy production that can be efficiently estimated from sampled trajectories.
2460h agoDual-site amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation can selectively reduce interhemispheric amplitude coupling in human resting-state networks.
2460h agoThe absence of auditory experience in congenitally deaf subjects alters the connectivity of the auditory cortex, specifically reducing inputs from certain brain regions.
2460h agoMicroglia interact with axons at specific points to aid repair, and this interaction increases during remission in multiple sclerosis, promoting tissue repair and functional recovery.
2464h agoVisual features, such as color and motion, predict aesthetic experiences while watching movies, and this prediction is stable across different observers and types of movies.
2464h agoThe spatial pattern of resting-state EEG alpha-BOLD coupling is linked to specific gene expression profiles of certain receptor subunits, neuronal types, and layer-specific populations.
2464h agoPupil constriction triggers activity in the human retina and visual system, independently of visual stimulation.
2468h agoBeta-band brain activity modulations help control posture by facilitating intermittent motor selection through interactions between the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus.
2468h agoNeurofeedback therapy reorganizes the brain's third visual pathway in people with autism spectrum disorder, decreasing connections between basic visual areas and increasing connections with higher-level visual regions, which improves social cognition.
2468h agoVisuomotor adaptation involves different styles of explicit strategy development, including stepwise, gradual, and exploratory learning, which vary depending on the size of the rotation.
2468h agoA new model, LGPE-SRTM, allows for efficient and robust analysis of dynamic changes in neurotransmitter binding by representing the apparent efflux parameter as a smooth, time-varying function.
2468h agoMice with different genetic backgrounds and ages perform spatial reward-guided navigation tasks differently, with distinct decision strategies and learning abilities.
2468h agoThe visual system's ability to process letters and words adapts to different scripts, including Braille, but this adaptation relies on more than just visual processing, also involving interactions between visual and linguistic systems.
2468h agoThe brain combines prior expectations with sensory evidence to make perceptual decisions, and the precision of these expectations and evidence influences visual motion judgments and associated neural activity patterns.
2468h agoPitch perception relies on multiple representations in both US and Bolivian Amazonian Indigenous listeners, with similar effects of noise and tone type on pitch change reproduction.
2468h agoThe genetic condition of Down syndrome interacts with diet and metabolic pathways, affecting the production of certain metabolites and the gut microbiome, increasing the risk of metabolic disease.
2468h agoElevating mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) expression enhances mitochondrial calcium uptake and boosts mitochondrial respiration in the hippocampus, allowing for a more efficient response to increased bioenergetic demand.
2472h agoA single gene, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), linked to a chromosomal rearrangement, drives opposing behavioral phenotypes, such as aggression and parental care, by influencing neural mechanisms in white-throated sparrows.
2472h agoNeural synchrony between partners is shaped by the strength of their bond, their physical distance, and their interaction history.
2472h agoCerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons express receptors for glutamate, somatostatin, and low-density lipoprotein, allowing them to detect these chemicals in the cerebrospinal fluid.
2472h agoThe study defines conserved cellular communities and communications in glioblastoma, revealing distinct tumor subtypes and neurogliomal synapses that shape tumor progression.
2476h agoThe spatial origin of Drosophila medulla neurons has been characterized, allowing correlation of progenitor patterning with neuronal type-specific features.
2476h agoNeuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease unfolds as a continuous process within individual brains, with neurons existing in multiple pathological states at the same time.
2480h agoMutations in the LAMP2 gene cause Danon disease, which leads to multisystemic alterations, including cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, visual deficits, and cognitive impairment due to damaged mitochondria and disrupted autophagy.
2480h agoThe brain selects, sustains, and routes relevant features from complex stimuli to different pathways, and then integrates them in a specific area to enable flexible visual categorization.
2480h agoEvent boundaries are associated with increased hippocampal activity and a shift to the Task-Positive Network (TPN) state, which plays a key role in how experiences are encoded into memory.
2480h agoThe hippocampal-to-ventricle ratio (HVR) shows a consistent female advantage in hippocampal volume, unlike conventional methods which produce mixed results.
2480h agoNeurofeedback training produces frequency-specific changes in brain activity, with different types of training recruiting distinct brain circuits with varying capacities for long-term change.
2480h agoA recurrent spiking neural network stores and recalls precise temporal patterns of neural activity by using synapses with multiple delays and training with a special algorithm.
2484h agoRicher environments and connectivity between tasks improve both generalization and stability in multi-task learning, and attention-based models benefit especially from this connectivity.
2484h agoBrain digital twins need a unified approach to ensure their computational representations of brains are consistent and reliable across different data pipelines, models, and computing platforms.
2484h agoA recurrent network of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity and intrinsic stochasticity can maintain autonomous activity after brief transient stimulation.
2484h agoA proposed neural network model uses dynamic and static neurons to relax state variables in a warped space, allowing it to operate in learning and association modes with adjustable convergence speed.
2484h agoA new multilayer community detection method based on Bayesian latent block model robustly detects the community structure of weighted functional brain networks, retaining individual variability, and outperforms commonly used methods.
2484h agoThe brain implements language coherence through two distinct neural regimes: a slow process for accumulating meaning across context and a rapid process for reconfiguring representations at event boundaries.
2484h agoA unified mathematical framework for analyzing neuronal spike trains provides an exact operational calculus for understanding spike train dynamics without needing discretization or approximation.
2484h agoNeural assemblies form through a new selection mechanism called E%-winners-take-all, which makes their size determined by network dynamics and improves their recovery rate when recalling stimuli.
2484h agoThe ghost mechanism shows that abrupt learning in recurrent neural networks is driven by transient slowdowns near saddle-node bifurcations, causing learning difficulties when the learning rate exceeds a critical threshold.
2484h agoA new infinite family of homogeneous equations with the Laurent property is presented.
2484h agoBiomimetic scale substrates with overlapping architectures can host deterministic chaos through chaotic flexural vibrations caused by unilateral contact and progressive jamming.
2484h agoThe study identifies discrete Painlev\'e equations in nonautonomous systems of difference equations derived from semi-classical orthogonal polynomials, and finds examples with a common surface type but different dynamics and symmetries.
2484h agoThe Melnikov-Arnold integrals can be used to estimate the sizes of secondary resonances in Hamiltonian systems.
2484h agoThe relation between the one-dimensional free particle and the harmonic oscillator is clarified through a unified framework based on projective geometry, Cayley transformations, and the Schwarzian derivative.
2484h agoIterated function systems that alternate between two non-identical one-dimensional maps have invariant sets with "toss-and-catch" dynamics, where trajectories switch between fixed points and periodic orbits.
2484h agoThe semiclassical approximation helps understand transport problems in quantum chaotic systems by expressing moments of transmission and time delay matrices as sums over trajectories.
2484h agoA new control framework minimizes isolation burden while suppressing epidemics by adapting to changing transmission rates.
2484h agoInterplay between principal and secondary resonances in a many-body system of quantum kicked rotors leads to three distinct dynamical regimes: quadratic spreading, period-2 oscillation, and their hybrid.
2484h agoCardiomyocytes synchronize their beating through elastic interactions with the substrate, converging to either in-phase or anti-phase beating depending on their mutual orientation.
2484h agoMultiplicative noise applied to the membrane potential degrades the performance of spiking neural networks, but input pre-filtering strategies can improve their robustness.
2484h agoStep bunching and step meandering instabilities can coexist in the same growth process, and their simultaneous occurrence produces a large variety of surface patterns.
2484h agoApplying a recently developed duality relation, researchers use classical orbits to describe the transition from quantum to classical regime in many-body systems.
2484h agoThe study generalizes the concept of a $\bigvee$-system to open WDVV equations, developing conditions on covectors that help find rational solutions.
2484h agoWave functions in the adelic Grassmannian and their images under the bispectral involution have sequences of coefficient functions that are almost bi-orthogonal with respect to the Hermite product.
2484h agoHigher-order quantum exchange mechanisms generate topological forces in magnetic materials through spatial overlap of defects, stabilizing 2D topological solitons without needing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction.
2484h agoNeutrino billiards serve as a model system to study relativistic quantum chaos, with key features reviewed for integrable and chaotic dynamics, and possible experimental realizations discussed using graphene billiards.
2484h agoCancer cell populations follow similar growth laws despite their differences, and a single microscopic model explains five classical tumor growth laws.
2484h agoThe Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Machine (SSBM) can explore a single extremely stable state for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
2484h agoA new local decoder for Kitaev's toric code, called the 2D signal-rule, exponentially suppresses logical error rates with system size, enabling a streamlined architecture for a two-dimensional local quantum memory.
2484h agoQuantum mechanics does not exhibit exponential sensitivity to initial conditions due to its unitary nature, so scientists use alternative measures, including the Loschmidt echo, out-of-time-order correlators, and Krylov complexity, to capture similar behavior.
2484h agoSpin glass thin film multilayers exhibit dynamics of 3D at short times but transition to 2D dynamics at long times, with correlation lengths growing more rapidly in 2D.
2484h agoAn adaptive smoothing strategy improves the recovery of sparse signals from underdetermined linear systems, achieving exact recovery over a broader region than $\ell_1$ norm minimization.
2484h agoA machine learning interatomic potential was developed for Ge-rich GeSbTe alloys used in phase change memories, enabling simulation of crystallization with phase separation in these alloys.
2484h agoPartially symmetric interactions in high-dimensional dynamical systems lead to chaotic attractors, and the maximal Lyapunov exponent is a non-monotonous function of the degree of non-reciprocity.
2484h agoEcological interactions in diverse communities alter evolutionary outcomes by changing selection pressures on mutant lineages, leading to suppressed fixation of moderately beneficial mutations.
2484h agoQuantum annealing processors can now perform analog-digital quantum computing, expanding their capabilities beyond simple annealing operations.
2484h agoIndividual differences in flavor-nutrient learning are linked to obesity proneness, but the relationship is complex, and stronger flavor-nutrient learning responses are associated with less weight gain.
2484h agoMillisecond-scale neural activities are linked to multi-second behaviors like working memory through spike couplings among selective neurons across 62 brain regions.
2488h agoMutations in the ABCA4 gene disrupt the retinal microenvironment and lead to photoreceptor degeneration in Stargardt disease by affecting not just photoreceptors but also Müller glial cells and astrocytes.
2488h agoThe NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network creates a cross-species atlas of the basal ganglia, providing a standardized classification and characterization of brain cell types, and enabling consistent comparisons across human and animal brains.
2488h agoRestoring a mitochondrial regulator called PGC-1 improves mitochondrial function, neural transmission, and behavior in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome.
2488h agoClosed-loop auditory stimulation helps restore normal sleep patterns in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease mice by modulating brain activity and sleep processes.
2488h agoUsing a long-Stokes-shift mScarlet variant, scientists can image red fluorescent proteins alongside green sensors with a single laser, reducing equipment complexity and cost while allowing for cell-type identification and functional calcium dynamics monitoring.
2488h agoA new stimulation paradigm using white noise image sequences and a letter detection task estimates visual receptive fields from EEG responses, revealing rich spatiotemporal characteristics.
2488h agoA new method using electroencephalogram signals accurately diagnoses schizophrenia by classifying EEG signals from patients and healthy individuals with 100% accuracy.
2488h agoCognitive vergence and pupillary temporal dynamics during a visual task distinguish between two Alzheimer's disease biological profiles in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
2488h agoProprioceptive reliability plays a fundamental role in skilled object manipulation, and a new method called hybrid-VR can reproduce the natural behaviors of object manipulation, allowing for further study of proprioception's role.
2492h agoThe human auditory cortex shows a spectrolaminar organization of neurovascular coupling, where different frequency bands of neuronal activity are associated with distinct patterns of fMRI responses at varying cortical depths.
2496h agoLower working memory capacity individuals tend to switch tasks after attention lapses, while higher capacity individuals tend to switch from focused states.
2496h agoGI dysmotility in Rett syndrome is caused by dysfunction in enteric BDNF TrkB and VIPergic signaling.
2496h agoThe auditory system generates a change-like neural response when expectations are violated, even if the physical stimulus remains unchanged, and this response is influenced by temporal uncertainty and task engagement.
2496h agoA new technology called Dual-NIR Switch uses near-infrared light to activate and deactivate brain cells in freely moving mice, allowing for on-demand control of behavior.
2496h agoThe hippocampus uses a previously unknown subpopulation of pyramidal neurons, called persistently active cells, that flexibly scales its activity to accurately estimate time across various intervals.
2496h agoOlder adults have reduced global brain integration and altered network organization, which is linked to improved emotional resilience, and is characterized by reduced thalamic hub centrality and changed brain connections during dynamic stimuli.
2496h agoAmyloid-β boosts astrocyte calcium activity, which increases cholesterol and disrupts brain waste clearance, but targeting astrocyte calcium or cholesterol restores clearance and improves cognition.
2500h agoDualGPT-AB, a dual-stage generative framework, enables the design of therapeutic antibodies with optimized properties for HER2-binding affinity and tumoricidal activity.
2500h agoDecreased levels of brain endocannabinoids contribute to age-related cognitive impairment, mood and memory problems, and neuroinflammation, but administering cannabidiol reverses these declines.
2500h agoThe cannabinoid receptor agonist PrNMI reduces pain hypersensitivity in mice with nerve injury without increasing addiction-related behaviors.
2500h agoBreathing directly affects neural activity in the brain, with a complex, breath-by-breath coupling between the shape of each breath and the corresponding neural oscillations.
2504h agoBrief monocular deprivation induces rapid and reversible shifts in ocular dominance in adult visual cortex, driven by reciprocal modulation of eye-specific cortical responses and gated by parvalbumin-positive interneuron-mediated inhibition.
2504h agoElectroconvulsive therapy's therapeutic effects may be mediated by cortical spreading depression, which triggers molecular changes and increases neuronal plasticity.
2504h agoSchizophrenia is marked by a functional reorganization of affective processing, where impaired limbic recruitment is accompanied by compensatory engagement of perceptual and cognitive control networks.
2504h agoTriatomine bugs have larger and asymmetrical compound eyes as adults, with a shift in sensitivity to the ventral region, which may support their dispersal flights.
2504h agoMemory brain states support attention by mapping onto the external/internal axis, with the encoding state recruited for external sensory information and the retrieval state recruited for internal stored information.
2504h agoTask learnability and individual reward responsiveness interact to influence reward-related brain activity, particularly in high performers with low reward responsiveness who show enhanced reward positivity when the task is learnable.
2504h agoNatural behaviors, like eating, have reliable neural signatures in high-level visual and motor regions that remain consistent despite variations in sensory inputs and motor outputs.
2504h agoDefects in initiating retrograde axonal transport due to impaired dynein activation cause progressive nerve terminal degeneration, which starts with transport problems and leads to microtubule destabilization, impaired synaptic transmission, and structural degeneration.
2504h agoInformation exchange between brain regions V4 and IT during primate vision is temporally and semantically varied within the first 100ms of processing, and neural pattern dynamics carry categorical information over time, challenging the view of a single feedforward process.
2508h agoBrain-DiT, a universal multi-state fMRI foundation model, learns generalized representations across diverse brain states through metadata-conditioned diffusion pretraining, outperforming prior models on 7 downstream tasks.
2508h agoThe identity of a speaker influences language comprehension by modulating perception and expectation through the interplay of bottom-up and top-down processes.
2508h agoBrains construct higher-order representations of uncertainty that guide learning and behavior, and a new computational model called NERD can infer these representations from brain activity data.
2508h agoSemantic representations can be viewed as a navigable knowledge space, and a new framework shows that human concept production can be represented as navigation through this space, with movement metrics that distinguish between clinical groups and concept types.
2508h agoThe chapter gives an overview of transport problems where chaotic dynamics plays a crucial role in single-particle and multi-particle systems.
2508h agoThe proposed framework infers the coupling strength and natural frequency distribution in a coupled Stuart-Landau oscillator system using observations of linear response.
2508h agoEnsemble reservoir computing characterizes spatiotemporal chaos by improving prediction robustness, quantifying predictive uncertainty, and providing direct dynamical information about the system's intrinsic properties.
2508h agoThe reduced Ginzburg-Landau equation accurately describes large-scale dynamics, revealing unstable stationary states, self-similar collapse toward phase slips, and shock formation in pattern-forming systems.
2508h agoA cascade of events precedes extreme events in fast-slow nonlinear systems, and two precursors can forewarn their occurrence with 100% precision and recall.
2508h agoDynamical tunneling allows transitions through barriers in phase space, and chaos can enhance the tunneling probability by assisting the process.
2508h agoNeutrino billiards serve as a model system to study relativistic quantum chaos, with features reviewed for integrable and chaotic dynamics, and possible experimental realizations discussed using graphene billiards.
2508h agoGalaxy simulations with millions of particles show that these systems are highly chaotic, with small changes in initial conditions leading to large variations in the evolution of the galaxy's structure.
2508h agoA linear astronomical model reproduces 800,000 years of glacial cycles, suggesting that Earth's orbital eccentricity plays a major role in driving glacial-interglacial cycles.
2508h agoA network-based framework reveals that financial factors emerge naturally from the interactions among assets, effectively explaining assets' variance through a smaller number of underlying drivers.
2508h agoMacroscopic fluid chaos is a deterministic projection of the Farey sequence, derived from a continuous algebraic formulation of the Navier-Stokes equation.
2508h agoQuantum chaotic dynamics are universal and play a key role in quantum information processing by linking entropy dynamics with noise effects on quantum systems.
2508h agoThe kicked rotor model exhibits rich dynamical behavior and has applications across many fields, including physics and emerging quantum technologies.
2508h agoThe scrambling rate of quantum information can be expressed as a coherent sum over unstable periodic orbits on the Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifold (NHIM) in systems with an index-1 saddle point.
2508h agoThe Lyapunov exponents quantify exponential sensitivity to initial conditions in classical chaos, but three alternative quantities - the Loschmidt echo, out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), and Krylov complexity - are used to capture similar behavior in quantum systems.
2508h agoMesoscopic devices show quantum chaotic behaviour through semiclassical concepts, where classical and quantum descriptions correspond, and combining real and phase space views helps understand their dynamics.
2508h agoAdvanced semiclassical methods link phase-space structures in classical systems to quantum properties, and have been extended to many-body systems of indistinguishable particles to explain quantum chaotic phenomena.
2508h agoThe classical Yang-Mills theory, when coupled to fermionic and scalar matter fields in 1+1 dimensional spacetime, reveals an infinite hierarchy of gauge-invariant, dynamically conserved charges that generate global symmetry transformations.
2508h agoThe Golgi complex and endosomes assemble and control their size through a nonequilibrium process that involves mechanochemical fusion-fission cycles, resulting in diverse phenotypes and dynamic responses to perturbations.
2508h agoHamiltonian chaos research provides theoretical and computational tools that help understand quantum chaos, including topics on chaos geometry, system responses to perturbations, and complexification of Hamiltonian dynamics.
2508h agoAdaptive supermodeling, a new approach that tunes internal model parameters, achieves a performance similar to a perfect model in climate simulations.
2508h agoMachine learning methods, including deep learning and data-driven equation discovery, can be used alongside traditional tools to make mathematical discoveries and improve computational capabilities in the study of nonlinear waves.
2508h agoA new framework constructs neural models of turbulent systems from data that accurately capture statistics and responses to external forcings.
2508h agoArid ecosystems form heterogeneous vegetation patterns as they become drier, and these patterns change in a hysteresis loop as mortality levels increase and then decrease.
2508h agoEpigenetic feedback regulation dynamically reshapes the Waddington landscape, allowing gene regulatory networks to give rise to stable and dynamic cellular states.
2508h agoA general framework is developed for constructing chiral integrable matrix product states in a spin chain, and exact overlap formulas are proposed for four-site product states with Bethe states.
2508h agoThe multifractal model and Leray's weak solutions of Navier-Stokes analysis are reconciled through a theory that derives a mediator, the Paladin-Vulpiani inverse scale, which relates to the Reynolds number.
2508h agoDiscrete solitons form in a photonic lattice when a probe beam's intensity increases, balancing discrete diffraction and self-focusing in a nonlinear atomic medium.
2508h agoThe localization degree of the Apollonian network depends on energy and its hierarchical topology, with eigenstates localized on highly connected sites at spectral edges and on low-degree sites around zero energy.
2508h agoThe Hofstadter butterfly and mobility edges converge in a tilt-induced quasiperiodic potential on a square lattice, forming a "mobility-edge-embedded Hofstadter butterfly" with a fractal energy splitting pattern.
2508h agoQuantum percolation threshold is higher in a honeycomb lattice without spin-orbit coupling than the classical site-percolation threshold, but spin-orbit coupling lowers this threshold and favors delocalization.
2508h agoEdge inflation of lattices generates robust localization and flat-band formation, producing distinct classes of flat bands that remain stable under certain disorders and randomness.
2508h agoStochastic physical neural networks achieve more than 97% test accuracy in handwritten digit classification, even with high noise and model uncertainty.
2508h agoTransformers develop distinct subcircuits to implement in-context learning, displaying four algorithmic phases that allow them to adapt to input statistics and generalize to a broad range of systems.
2508h agoNoise can enhance the self-healing ability of a wave packet, with weak noise prolonging the recovery window and strong noise stabilizing profile recovery.
2508h agoMany-body localization occurs in interacting many-body quantum systems, characterized by a crossover from ergodic to non-ergodic behavior, and has implications for quantum computing.
2508h agoIn non-Hermitian bands, isolated late-time exponentials do not correspond to bound states, and the late-time signal is controlled by complex frequencies called dynamical poles.
2508h agoThe $\mathbb{Z}_N$ cluster-state wavefunction can be expressed in equivalent ways, and a projector-based scheme called $P$-representation is an efficient way to express cluster and dipolar cluster state's wavefunctions.
2508h agoA bosonic quantum neural network based on parametrically coupled Gaussian modes enables end-to-end training of physically meaningful parameters and provides a scalable route toward experimentally realizable quantum neural networks.
2508h agoThe two-dimensional Ising spin glass has a line of renormalization group fixed points that explains why it does not have a finite temperature transition to a spin glass phase.
2508h agoPericyte contraction controls blood flow across the entire capillary bed, causing vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion, and hypoxic microdomains, especially in limbic structures.
2508h agoAging does not uniformly weaken predictive processing in the brain, but instead redistributes predictive resources across different neural systems, enhancing sensory-based processes while weakening more cognitively demanding mechanisms.
2508h agoHDAC4 acts as a molecular switch that integrates multiple signals to control neural stem cell reactivation during brain development.
2512h agoCALM-VLM, a new vision-language model, improves confidence in diagnostic predictions by integrating confidence calibration and selective prediction, leading to more accurate and reliable results in Alzheimer's disease and stroke classification.
2512h agoThe head motor neuron SMB enables the transition from crawling to swimming in Caenorhabditis elegans by coordinating neural circuits and genes to stabilize swimming-specific oscillations.
2512h agoThe basal ganglia iron, a marker of dopamine-related neurobiology, can be measured non-invasively via a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metric called deltaR2*, which captures known age-related increases in basal ganglia iron.
2512h agoVisual spatial attention enhances processing by creating a template in the visual cortex that matches the attended location, allowing for better selection of relevant stimuli.
2512h agoUltrahigh field MRI with high resolution can resolve functional details of individual cortical layers in the human brain, allowing feedforward visual activation in layer IV of the primary visual cortex to be detected.
2516h agoThe right frontal eye field is necessary for endogenous attention but not for exogenous attention, and early visual cortex is necessary for exogenous attention but not for endogenous attention.
2516h agoSocial housing suppresses food anticipatory activity in mice, and this effect is seen in both males and females.
2516h agoNew methods for analyzing manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) data enable scalable and reproducible brain-wide analysis of neural activity and axonal projections across large groups.
2516h agoNewly developed multi-electrode probes record neural activity with higher quality and more information than standard single-electrode probes, enabling better assessment and treatment of neurological disorders.
2516h agoThe novel geometric kinematics model yields excellent accuracy in simulating the movements of a human eye with misaligned optical components.
2516h agoMitochondrial import stress causes neurodegeneration by depleting functional mitochondria from synaptic terminals, and this process involves a protective response through PERK-mediated translational control.
2516h agoA vibrating optical fiber connected to a laser enables a full spectrum of fluorescence research by delivering light directly onto a sample, improving upon the classical fluorescence microscope design.
2516h agoBrain stimulation targeting specific networks can improve memory, and a network connected to lesions and stimulation sites is found to be specifically associated with changes in visual memory.
2516h agoThe optic nerve head changes with age and disease, showing potential as a biomarker for retinal diseases, including Alzheimer's, with changes detectable using optical coherence tomography.
2516h agoEEG data can be explained by multiple neural population models, but simpler models like polynomial oscillators, Montbrio-Pazo-Roxin, FitzHugh-Nagumo, and Stuart-Landau models work best, and exploring new models can reveal even better alternatives.
2516h agoA new two-stage digital twin brain modeling framework, constrained by both functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography data, captures subject-specific features of multi-scale brain dynamics and links cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients to excitation-inhibition imbalances.
2516h agoAlzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases share eight common brain structure features that remain stable across both disorders, suggesting a morphological continuum between healthy aging and neurodegeneration.
2516h agoThe tactile system relies on total spectral energy to extract stable material properties, allowing people to discriminate hardness and identify materials based on the overall vibratory power of contact.
2516h agoThree-photon microscopy can now rapidly image calcium activity in deep brain regions of behaving mice, enabling the identification of spatially tuned neurons and their functional properties.
2516h agoIL-31 directly sensitizes specific nerve cells, called pruriceptors, to itch stimuli, which may drive chronic itching in patients with skin and other diseases.
2520h agoNeural adaptation to sound levels changes in the auditory midbrain after subtle peripheral lesions, with noise exposure altering gain modulation and ear-canal plugging shifting effective sound thresholds.
2520h agoEngineered stem cells with a special targeting system can improve their ability to reach and repair damaged brain tissue after a stroke.
2520h agoInhibiting mitochondrial complex I with a small molecule called C273 restores adaptive stress pathways, enhances cellular resilience, and reduces Alzheimer's disease-related toxic proteins.
2520h agoNative GluN3A receptors are diheteromeric assemblies that are activated by glycine via GluN3A-dependent conformational changes, and their gating mechanism involves a specific structural process that is modulated by certain antagonists.
2520h agoThe gliovascular unit matures differently in male and female mice, with males and females showing distinct characteristics in vessel density, astrocyte and macrophage development, and cerebral blood flow.
2520h agoSender-receiver matching in mechanosensory communication during courtship in axolotls shows that females respond best to vigorous tail movements, but their neural responses match the moderate movements typically used by males.
2520h agoRUNX1 and YY1 transcription factors are expressed in Alzheimer's disease neurons, causing loss of neuronal identity and metabolic dysfunction.
2520h agoMenarche onset marks a turning point in adolescent brain development and mental health, preceding a spike in internalizing symptoms and altering the rate of structural brain development.
2520h agoBrain scans of 31 participants show that distinct brain areas respond to different stages of speech perception, planning, and production, and that the brain reacts differently to self-generated speech compared to external speech.
2520h agoA noradrenergic-astroglial circuit detects and anticipates internal oxygen depletion and helps regulate metabolic resources by suppressing locomotion and promoting respiration to prevent oxygen depletion.
2520h agoSerotonergic projections play a role in early human cortical development by promoting the proliferation of progenitor cells and shaping the development of cortical tissue.
2520h agoThis study aims to identify biomarkers and pathways linking perinatal neurobiology to risk of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders by tracking neurobiological changes in 25 individuals at elevated risk across the transition to pregnancy.
2520h agoSpatial updating and path integration are separate navigation processes that use distinct behavioral and neural mechanisms.
2520h agoThe efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression depends on how stimulation spreads through the brain's wiring, with patients having shorter communication pathways between stimulated sites and mood-related regions having better clinical outcomes.
2524h agoThe brain's smell center uses precise timing and inhibition to reliably identify odors across different concentrations and quickly distinguish between similar smells.
2524h agoThe H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1 hijacks synaptic machinery to spread by assembling into 'virion vesicles' that use cellular components for its exit and entry.
2524h agoHuman cortical expansion is driven by basal radial glia generated efficiently in a new 2D system from iPSCs, which exhibit key characteristics and allow study of their biology.
2524h agoThe external globus pallidus (GPe) is composed of distinct populations of neurons that target different brain areas and mediate different behaviors, including locomotion and forelimb movements.
2524h agoFractional anisotropy from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive marker that estimates brain tissue stiffness, with higher values indicating lower tissue stiffness.
2524h agoHuman general intelligence is linked to the brain's ability to align new problems with prior knowledge, and differences in this ability predict individual differences in intelligence.
2524h agoLarge language models exhibit general intelligence, with a strong positive correlation across different benchmarks, but this general intelligence decreases as specialized models emerge.
2532h agoAstrocyte networks help stabilize neural activity during working memory by smoothing out resource asymmetries through diffusion and replenishment.
2532h agoA proposed neural network model with a hierarchical and modular structure can learn and associate mappings between input signals and output trajectories through its multiple subspaces and internetworks.
2532h agoAutoregressive flow matching probabilistically predicts neural responses at scale from multimodal sensory input by learning the conditional distribution of future neural activity given past neural dynamics and concurrent sensory input.
2532h agoA brain signature that predicts craving for drugs and food also predicts craving for social interactions, and responds to both social and food deprivation.
2532h agoThe integrated information theory of consciousness proposes a mathematical formula to describe the quantity and quality of consciousness for any physical system, and its proponents clarify five key points to advance understanding of the theory.
2532h agoBrain networks from functional MRI data show that Alzheimer's disease has distinct patterns of static and dynamic functional connectivity, particularly in white matter regions, parietal and somatosensory cortices, amygdala, and hippocampal formation.
2532h agoNeuromechanical digital twins help understand behavioral control by combining artificial neural controllers with realistic body models in simulated environments.
2532h agoVolitional memory control, which helps people intentionally suppress or recall memories, operates differently for positive and negative memories and is influenced by subclinical anxiety and working memory load.
2532h agoSensory cortex activity is organized on low-dimensional manifolds because recurrent circuits driven by regular sensory dynamics develop smooth internal manifolds that embed the sensory dynamics.
2532h agoEEG features capturing neural dynamics can discriminate Parkinsonian neural states, with standard features performing best in identifying medication states and dynamical descriptors revealing broader alterations in cortical network organization associated with disease.
2532h agoA multiscale framework proposes that relational resources, such as quantum entanglement and classical correlations, generated by electrical, chemical, and thermal processes in neural matter, can build larger-scale organization across neural tissue.
2532h agoApproximate covariant quantum error correction maintains coherence in radical-pair proteins over behaviorally relevant timescales, but its effectiveness depends on the protein's nuclear spin memory lifetime.
2532h agoA deep state space modeling framework directly analyzes brain activity data to predict behavioral scores in Alzheimer's patients.
2532h agoSolitons in a Josephson junction can act as thermodynamic working substances, enabling energy conversion through their internal spectral structure.
2532h agoAgents can learn to modify their environment to reach a global goal when the environment is passive, but not when the environment actively changes.
2532h agoA general theory for controlling linear and affine cellular automata is developed, allowing determination of whether a control input can steer a dynamical system from an initial state to a desired final state.
2532h agoBoolean cellular automata with majority or frustrated majority vote rules exhibit behaviors that differ from mean-field predictions, including absorbing states, coarsening processes, and stable density patterns.
2532h agoAdaptive simplicial interactions reshape the synchronization landscape in the second-order Kuramoto model, with the backward transition to incoherence controlled by the adaptive feedback parameter and the forward transition to synchronization dependent on system size.
2532h agoTargeted energy transfer occurs from a Van der Pol oscillator to a nonlinear energy sink under a high-frequency external drive, facilitating energy transfer through resonance capture and Hopf bifurcation.
2532h agoThe integrable structure and soliton dynamics of a coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries system are investigated using a vector reformulation of Hirota's bilinear formalism, revealing soliton solutions, including those on non-zero backgrounds.
2532h agoThe Gaussian radial function-based Regression method can reconstruct the original system's attractor as a time-delay embedding, including negative Lyapunov exponents, when it successfully describes an approximate trajectory of the original system.
2532h agoThe transition to synchrony in the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model with a phase shift in coupling is discontinuous, with two transitions from disorder to partial synchrony and then to complete synchrony.
2532h agoHigher-order phase couplings in magnetic materials induce explosive synchronization transitions and the emergence of macroscopic magnetic chimera states.
2532h agoThis chapter presents a principled approach to predicting chaotic systems from data using machine learning methods and dynamical systems theory.
2532h agoMultistability in complex systems, such as climate models, can be analyzed using a new workflow that identifies alternative steady states and their characteristics.
2532h agoA designed uncoupled topology for physical reservoir computing achieves performance comparable to fully coupled networks, offering a feasible pathway for efficient physical implementations.
2532h agoFragmented landscapes have higher diversity levels than connected ones because they reduce interspecies connectivity.
2532h agoAstrocyte networks help stabilize neural activity during working memory by smoothing out resource asymmetries through diffusion and replenishment.
2532h agoThe Lagrangian dynamics of a nonlocal mean-field system of interacting agents exhibits global well-posedness and quantitative flocking estimates, leading to asymptotic mono-kinetic closure and convergence to a Eulerian limit.
2532h agoDynamic two-phase flows in porous media induce chaotic mixing, leading to strongly enhanced mixing compared to steady single-phase flows.
2532h agoSymplectic topology provides useful geometric insight into classical reaction dynamics near an index-1 saddle, revealing a new perspective on mode selectivity and reaction bottlenecks.
2532h agoEpidemic modelling on evolving networks shows that population migration and indirect contacts increase the spread of disease by changing the sizes of different epidemic states.
2532h agoA new mathematical framework based on the Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function captures anomalous relaxation with memory spectra in disordered solids, biological tissues, and electrochemical interfaces, allowing for passive and efficient modelling of broad power-law behaviour.
2532h agoEntropy growth and structure formation can coexist because entropy depends on the level of description, allowing a system to become more ordered at a coarse-grained level even as it becomes more complex at a finer level.
2532h agoDiscrete one-dimensional solitons emerge in a photonic lattice when a probe beam's intensity is increased, balancing discrete diffraction and self-focusing in a nonlinear atomic medium.
2532h agoHeterophily is a minimal local adaptive mechanism that generates self-organized synergistic interdependencies in complex systems.
2532h agoPeriodic orbits in the configuration space of ordered points on a two-dimensional sphere satisfy semi-discrete analogues of mKdV and sine-Gordon equations and describe the characteristic motion of the Kaleidocycle.
2532h agoDeformations of integrable cluster maps corresponding to Dynkin types $A_{2N}$ are constructed, providing the first infinite class of examples in arbitrarily high rank.
2532h agoCovariant Lyapunov vectors' accuracy depends on the time window used for their computation, and the optimal time windows are unclear. revised to: The accuracy of covariant Lyapunov vectors depends on the time window used for their computation.
2532h agoA new framework constructs neural models of turbulent systems from data, accurately capturing their statistics and responses to external forcings.
2532h agoA minimizing compact, consisting of critical trajectories of a quadratic differential, exists within each connectivity class of a family of continua in the upper half-plane that contain a preassigned finite anchor set, and provides the soliton condensate of least average intensity.
2532h agoThe Toda lattice at thermal equilibrium can be thought of as a dense collection of quasiparticles that act as solitons, with precisely defined locations and dynamics governed by an asymptotic scattering relation.
2532h agoThis study uses the Loewner equation to develop two simple learning methods for analyzing one-dimensional time series, inspired by biological systems.
2532h agoThe matrix product solution for the steady state of the harmonic process is obtained from existing solutions in the literature, clarifying the relation between three representations of the steady state.
2532h agoRare event sampling algorithms can provide quantitative climate risk assessment at reduced cost by speeding up the estimation of long return periods for extreme weather events.
2532h agoIntrinsic step jamming occurs on crystal surfaces at the nanometer scale during steady crystal growth or retreat due to asymmetric fluctuations in atomic attachment and detachment.
2532h agoLarge-scale machine learning models can adapt to new physical settings without retraining, using a process called in-context learning, which enables forecasting of unseen physical systems.
2532h agoSelf-supervised representation learning can suffer from representation collapse, but a new model shows that collapse is induced by a small fraction of unclassifiable data and can be prevented by adding a shared projection head and applying stop-gradient.
2532h agoModified Nishimori spin glasses exhibit a finite-temperature critical transition in two dimensions due to altered universality class from discrete gauge constraints.
2532h agoA two-leg ladder system in a magnetic field has delocalized eigenstates with a uniform field, but localized eigenstates with a random field, and a quasiperiodic field can drive a transition between these states.
2532h agoNexus-CAT, an open-source Python package, detects clusters and analyzes percolation in atomistic simulation trajectories, helping to understand amorphous-amorphous transitions in glassy materials.
2532h agoThe hybrid sampling method, tensor-network population annealing, combines the strengths of tensor-network initialization and population annealing to provide a practical route to low-temperature sampling in frustrated spin systems.
2532h agoThe introduction of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise restores the dynamical skin effect in systems with strong quasiperiodic potentials, enabling delocalization and directional transport.
2532h agoDisorder in quantum devices affects their ability to estimate and sense parameters, and a disorder marker can quantify this effect by analyzing how disorder impacts the quantum Fisher information.
2532h ago$\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry drives phase transitions and emergent physics in quantum mechanics, and its presence in a disordered system leads to thermalization of local observables, with certain low-energy initial states not decaying over long timescales.
2532h agoTwo quantum-classical hybrid methods accurately simulate electron-phonon systems by combining numerical and classical approaches, and show that classical oscillators can cause delocalization in strongly disordered systems.
2532h agoThe simulations of the quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation show that the scaling properties of the interface at the depinning transition are largely compatible with those of the Directed Percolation Depinning universality class in one and two dimensions.
2532h agoA neural network-based model learns the landscape of working regimes in quantum dot simulators and autotunes these devices to obtain Majorana modes through transport measurements.
2532h agoApplying high-definition transcranial random noise stimulation to the right prefrontal cortex does not improve learning in complex tasks or transfer to a flight simulator task in young pilots.
2532h agoA new individualized TMS approach guided by functional connectivity reduces theory-of-mind symptoms and autism scores in people with autism spectrum disorder.
2532h agoBrain PDGFR{beta}+ cells rapidly become reactive and localize to damaged regions after ischemic stroke, and their reactivity is spatiotemporally diverse and distinct from peripheral perivascular cells, with KLF4 playing no role in their response.
2536h agoCategory-selective areas in the occipitotemporal cortex have a finer-grained organization with distinct computational roles, and show functional dissociations and different feature sensitivities for body, hand, and tool responses.
2536h agoSpaceflight-like stressors cause changes in the immune system, gut, and brain that vary by sex, leading to gut damage, immune imbalance, brain inflammation, and behavioral problems.
2536h agoA virtual patient framework links opsin-mediated retinal responses to predicted patient outcomes, allowing for the prediction of perceptual performance from microbial opsin photocurrent responses.
2536h agoHypercapnia increases the clearance of proteins from the brain to the blood and temporarily improves cognitive performance in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury and healthy controls.
2536h agoCombining cognitive assessments with metabolic and vascular measurements improves the accuracy of Alzheimer's disease staging and grading across the disease spectrum.
2536h agoThe Human Neocortical Neurosolver (HNN) software helps identify the neural mechanisms that generate EEG biomarkers by linking them to their multi-scale neural generators, allowing scientists to validate and test predictions about how EEG biomarkers reflect neural circuit mechanisms.
2536h agoAging is associated with increased fine scale entropy and decreased coarse scale entropy in the brain, and this relationship differs between men and women.
2536h agoA single session of 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the right prefrontal cortex reduces automatic alcohol approach tendencies by strengthening neural control mechanisms.
2536h agoKappa opioid receptor expressing neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus regulate whole-body metabolism by controlling energy expenditure, and their inhibition leads to sustained weight loss and improved glucose tolerance.
2536h agoActivity-regulated expression of gem-4/Copine increases the excitability of cells by inhibiting gap junction coupling, and also promotes experience-dependent neuronal plasticity.
2536h agoIn Alzheimer's disease, the peak amplitude of infraslow oscillation in sleep spindle activity is reduced, and this reduction correlates with certain plasma biomarkers and lower verbal memory retention.
2536h agoRNA editing events, particularly A-to-I editing, are altered in Alzheimer's disease, with changes in editing levels, coverage, and GC content contributing to the disease, and affecting molecular systems governing synaptic structure, neurotransmission, and central nervous system integrity.
2536h agoPathological cortico-STN beta coupling in Parkinson's disease occurs mainly during brief, high-amplitude beta bursts, not continuously across other periods.
2544h agoAs walking speed increases, human movement changes from a more jerky, discrete pattern to a smoother, rhythmic pattern, with associated changes in muscle synergy and coordination.
2544h agoQuantum computing enables rapid and accurate decoding of neural activity, achieving 96.2% accuracy and processing information 10 times faster than conventional methods.
2544h agoParkinson's disease patients have altered glycosphingolipids metabolism and higher levels of GPNMB protein, which is linked to lipid imbalance and lysosomal dysfunction.
2544h agoA computational framework shows that coupled neural oscillator networks compute by using resonant neuronal membranes to encode relational information in phase differences, supporting memory, pattern completion, and complex attractor dynamics.
2544h agoPsilocybin reduces low-frequency brain activity and increases brain entropy, particularly in certain networks, and alters brain connectivity in a frequency-dependent manner.
2544h agoPrecision pinch tasks rely on stronger nonlinear motor unit coupling between neurons than isolated index finger flexion, and this is not fully captured by traditional linear coherence measures.
2544h agoThe D620N mutation in the VPS35 gene causes a selective decrease in the interaction of VPS35 with certain proteins, leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
2544h agoPSEN1 and PSEN2 have distinct and non-redundant functions in human brain cells, with PSEN2 primarily impacting the endo-lysosomal system, unlike PSEN1 which affects APP cleavage and Aβ generation.
2544h agoAging causes mitochondrial impairment and defective mitophagy in human neurons, leading to incomplete elimination of damaged mitochondria.
2544h agoVHH intrabodies, specifically VHH 1a, target and reduce toxic mutant huntingtin protein fragments, interrupting the aggregation process and potentially delaying and preventing Huntington's disease pathology.
2544h agoNeurons in the visual cortex respond to new stimuli in a cell-type-specific way, with SST neurons providing stable representations and VIP neurons adapting to different types of novelty.
2552h agoThe SENSI-EEG-Preproc-ICA-EKG-Trigger Module helps identify and remove artifact components from EEG data by semi-automatically detecting cardiac and trigger-related contamination.
2552h agoMild cognitive impairment involves early disruption of myelin and lipids in olfactory and limbic circuits, which can be detected using a synthetic MRI contrast.
2552h agoAvoidance behavior is context-dependent and guided by the dynamic regulation of engagement based on inferred controllability and competence.
2552h agoGABAA receptor activation suppresses inflammatory signaling and promotes neuroplasticity in human cortical spheroids, and astrocytes play a key role in regulating neuroimmune dysfunction in schizophrenia.
2552h agoIntegration of multiple sensory inputs, including wind speed and odor concentration, occurs early in the sensory pathways of honeybees, within the antennal lobe.
2552h agoQuantum coherence provides computational benefits in neural computation when preserved in certain layers of a neural model, but is hindered by decoherence in other layers.
2556h agoThe use of generative artificial intelligence conversational agents among university students is linked to different outcomes in academic performance, mental health, and brain structure depending on the type of use.
2556h agoQuantum-like models of decision making can be described in general probabilistic process theories, and cognitive effects can be exhibited by simple deterministic models, not just quantum or non-classical models.
2556h agoVon Economo neurons implement a biological speed-accuracy tradeoff, enabling rapid social decisions at the cost of deliberate processing accuracy, by providing a sparse, fast projection pathway.
2556h agoPaceLLM, a brain-inspired Large Language Model, improves long-context capabilities by introducing a Persistent Activity Mechanism and Cortical Expert Clustering, achieving performance gains of 6-17.5% on various tasks and extending measurable context length to 200K tokens.
2556h agoNeuroscience, artificial general intelligence, and neuromorphic computing are converging into a unified research paradigm that combines human and machine intelligences using brain-inspired design principles.
2556h agoLearning noise from task-irrelevant stimuli causes long-term drift in neural representations of task-relevant stimuli, and the drift rate increases with the variance and dimension of irrelevant data.
2556h agoPhysical causal closure and physical determinism are distinct concepts that should not be equated because they belong to different stances: physical determinism to the Physical Stance and physical causal closure to the Causal Stance.
2556h agoThe Ensemble Kalman Filter and 4DVAR data assimilation systems are compared in tracking control with errors in initial conditions in chaotic dynamics, with results showing both methods perform well with small errors but struggle with larger errors.
2556h agoFinite-memory reconstruction of the velocity gradient generates a geometric mechanism for irreversible transport in time-periodic flows, even when the flow remains locally irrotational.
2556h agoThe nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a PT-symmetric potential has stationary solutions that asymptote to nonlinear plane waves and play a key role in resonant nonlinear wave generation in dispersive media.
2556h agoThe Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation exhibits intrinsic spatio-temporal chaos, whereas the Lorenz system and its reduced version show low-dimensional temporal chaos lacking spatial complexity.
2556h agoThe improved Matlab routine, FO_LE, computes Lyapunov exponents of fractional-order systems more efficiently and accurately than previous versions.
2556h agoReservoir observers with integrated residual calibration and attention mechanism substantially improve inference accuracy of unmeasured variables in nonlinear dynamical systems.
2556h agoThe inverse energy cascade in turbulent Taylor-Couette flow occurs in the core region of the flow channel at higher Reynolds numbers, caused by pulsed zero shear stress resulting from singularities of the Navier-Stokes equation.
2556h agoDeep learning models with convolutional and transformer-based architectures achieve good results in segmenting surgical instruments in robotic-assisted surgery videos.
2556h agoThe bifurcation of slow-moving pattern interfaces with general direction in a two-dimensional model proves that stripe and hexagonal patterns invade the spatially homogeneous state, modeling a mechanism for pattern formation.
2556h agoA non-commutative formal geometry underlies a certain class of discrete integrable systems, including a non-commutative analog of the sixth q-Painleve equation.
2556h agoA new linearized dynamics approach preserves phase space volume in chaotic systems, even in non-Hamiltonian systems, and provides an invariant measure for dissipative dynamics.
2556h agoDispersive shock waves are generated in physical settings such as optical waveguide arrays and superfluids confined within optical lattices, and can be modeled using a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential.
2556h agoA framework for determining and classifying symmetric four-body central configurations is developed, allowing for the explicit determination of admissible configurations directly from mass parameters.
2556h agoHypersemitoric systems have an affine invariant, which generalizes the Delzant polytope of toric systems and the polytope invariant of semitoric systems.
2556h agoDeformed $W$-algebras of types $A_l, D_l$, and $E_{6,7,8}$ have an infinite set of non-local integrals of motion.
2556h agoMacroscopic irreversibility arises because chaotic evolution makes time-reversed microstates exist but be inaccessible through physically admissible operations after a critical time.
2556h agoQuantum limit cycles become apparent through quantum trajectories conditioned on measurement outcomes, and they show similarities to classical limit cycles subject to noise.
2556h agoThe decodability of toric codes under coherent errors is governed by the symmetry class of dual Majorana dynamics, which determines the universal structure of the decodability phase diagram.
2556h agoDilated recurrent neural networks enable efficient sampling of quantum states with long-range dependencies by injecting an explicit long-range inductive bias while keeping computational costs low.
2556h agoSachdev-Ye-Kitaev interactions arise from localized single-particle states in a one-dimensional system and form a sparse but asymptotically canonical SYK network as the number of microscopic pieces increases.
2556h agoA robust approach based on simulating the charge pumping process allows for accurate determination of topological invariants, enabling identification of exotic quantum states such as Abelian fractional Chern insulators and anomalous composite Fermi liquid states.
2556h agoThe classification error in language tasks decreases as a power law when the number of classes is reduced, allowing for improved prediction accuracy by breaking tasks into smaller classification problems.
2556h agoMany-body dynamical localization emerges in an interacting two-mode bosonic system subject to periodic driving, suppressing transport in Fock space.
2556h agoLocal minima of two-layer ReLU networks admit an exact low-dimensional representation in terms of summary statistics, and correspond to attractive fixed points of one-pass SGD dynamics.
2556h agoA class of solvable models describes how an electron's spectral properties change when it moves in a random external field with varying statistical characteristics.
2556h agoA quantum system relaxes more rapidly through a two-step evolution protocol than through direct evolution under a symmetric Hamiltonian alone, with a transient asymmetric evolution significantly accelerating thermalization or convergence to the ground state.
2556h agoThe brain's cortical hierarchy from the intraparietal sulcus to the early visual cortex is critical for conscious mental visualization of memory content during working memory maintenance.
2556h agoHigher polygenic risk for externalizing behavior is associated with earlier initiation of substance use, mainly through direct genetic effects rather than through brain measures.
2556h agoThe multiple-demand network in the brain supports flexible thinking across tasks, with its activity patterns linked to stable goal-focused thoughts and actions when deliberate focus is high and distraction is low.
2556h agoFrontoparietal connector hubs use an integrated representation to generate distinct computational signals that dynamically reconfigure communication between brain regions to guide behavior.
2556h agoThe relaxin-3/relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) system is a potential target for treating neuropsychiatric diseases involving stress and arousal, and RXFP3-expressing neurons are diverse and widespread in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta, overlapping with populations involved in fear learning and defensive behaviour.
2556h agoFragile X syndrome results from impaired glial-driven synaptic refinement, where glial cells over-engulf synaptic material, leading to reduced synapse size and disrupted neural circuit development.
2576h agoValue learning drives attention to environmental features that yield reward, and a computational model shows that attention targets the highest-valued feature but switches after negative reward prediction errors, best explaining how learners adapt quickly in changing environments.
2576h agoCaMKII activation is not required for long-term memory and late long-term potentiation (L-LTP) to form, as both can occur without prior short-term memory or early LTP.
2576h agoSongbirds have a type of cell that can quickly replace astrocytes, a kind of brain cell, after seasonal loss of neurons, which helps to rebuild neural circuits.
2576h agoMemory reactivation during sleep helps people abstract the underlying structure of what they learn, allowing them to apply that knowledge to new situations with different features.
2576h agoNovel genetically encoded voltage indicators, JEDI3sub and JEDI3hyp, enable the detection of millivolt-scale subthreshold voltage dynamics in deep tissues of awake mice.
2576h agoBrain regions accumulate structural damage in proportion to their computational workload, leading to selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.
2576h agoAging programs intersect with disease mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as region-specific disruption of proteostasis and accelerated microglia aging contribute to neurodegeneration.
2576h agoA new single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization workflow enables the profiling of up to 40 genes across the entire C. elegans worm while preserving spatial context and identifying neuron-specific expression patterns at single-cell resolution.
2592h agoTense and agreement violations in sentences produce similar brain responses, suggesting that the processing of these two categories may use the same cognitive mechanisms.
2600h agoThe lateral reticular nucleus plays a crucial role in endpoint stabilization and reach timing during skilled forelimb movements, and its ablation impairs movement refinement, leading to less precise and less consistent actions.
2600h agoNorepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus have a topographically organized structure and function that correlates with their location, and they provide learning signals that drive flexible behavior.
2600h agoNeocortical inputs to the mesodiencephalic junction can be transformed into diverse inferior olive firing patterns, contributing to the specifics of cerebellar learning.
2600h agoThe cerebellum generates temporal predictions from past sensory experiences, but only for a limited time, with its predictive capacity declining after 2-4 seconds.
2600h agoParkinson's disease neurons show impaired excitability and synaptic function, along with changes in mitochondrial and lipid function, which vary depending on the genetic background and specific variant combinations.
2600h agoSynaptic plasticity mechanisms used during learning and memory retrieval differ between males and females.
2600h agoCombining gesture priming with neuromodulation does not improve verb production in individuals with chronic aphasia more than using either approach alone.
2600h agoHigher levels of a protein linked to Alzheimer's disease are associated with changes in eye responses to visual stimuli in people with mild cognitive impairment.
2600h agoPhelan McDermid syndrome (PMS) patients have a distinct brain wave pattern, specifically reduced 40-Hz intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), that can also be found in a subgroup of people with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
2600h agoRecurrent Neural Networks learn low-dimensional representations of temporal sequences that mirror their hierarchical structure, and this abstraction is supported by the emergence of low-rank recurrent connectivity.
2600h agoTau protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease progresses through a stage-dependent process involving specific post-translational modifications, including early phosphorylation changes and later ubiquitination events.
2600h agoExercise affects anxiety-like behaviour and cytokine levels in mice differently depending on whether it is acute or chronic, and these effects vary by sex, tissue, and brain region.
2604h agoPeople make choices based on internal estimates of time and reward probability, and their behavior is shaped by two interacting principles: dynamic mapping of reward probability to choice and reward-based temporal precision.
2604h agoPeople with Parkinson's disease have altered awareness of balance control, which is linked to their balance performance, and this differs from that of healthy older adults.
2604h agoCombining EEG features such as spectral power, entropy, and connectivity measures can accurately distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, achieving up to 99.7% accuracy.
2608h agoAging causes an expansion of microglia numbers and activation of glucocorticoid signalling in the brain, which can be reversed by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptor activity.
2608h agoFORCE1s, a new genetically encoded voltage indicator, enables robust two-photon voltage imaging and spike detection in awake mice using standard microscopes.
2608h agoPTM enzyme co-expression modules define microglial states in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, including metabolic, pro-inflammatory, and reparative states with distinct spatiotemporal dynamics.
2608h agoCombining complement modulation with therapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, with sex-specific effects on inflammation and behavior.
2608h agoAutomated behavioral analysis using markerless pose estimation shows strong agreement with manual scoring in assessing motor and cognitive outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rat models.
2608h agoSensory decision making depends on prior expectations and neural resources, which can be combined in a single population code that produces behavioural biases through optimal inference.
2608h agoThe human visual system's perception of lightness is constructed through a process of edge-based image reconstruction, which naturally creates a wide range of lightness illusions.
2608h agoThe human connectome imposes specific constraints on higher-order information sharing in the brain, with redundant information sharing linked to brain regions with dense internal connections and synergistic information sharing linked to globally central brain regions.
2616h agoRapid glutamate uptake by plasma membrane glutamate transporters enables neurons in the auditory system to encode sound intensity.
2616h agoCerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in mammals use a novel, cilia-independent mechanism involving drebrin-stabilized filopodia and PKD2L1 channels to detect mechanical stimuli.
2616h agoConnectome-based spatial statistics (CBSS) provides a scalable framework for analyzing white-matter microstructure, yielding reliable and heritable measures that predict cognition and behavior across lifespan cohorts.
2616h agoSparse granule cell activation is a key principle for cerebellar learning, shaped by different inhibitory pathways depending on the task, to optimize learning and prevent memory interference.
2616h agoFerroptosis is a shared pathological mechanism across the brain and muscle in Parkinson's disease, linked to neurodegeneration and muscle dysfunction through the interaction of pathological alpha-synuclein and transferrin receptor 1.
2616h agoThe Drosophila circadian neurons have dramatic transcriptional differences at different times of day, and most of this regulation is controlled by the internal clock and not by light.
2616h agoAn ensemble of neurons controls reorientation and turning behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans during olfactory navigation.
2620h agoThe number of neurons in the visual system and the type of cells that support them are related to visual acuity and longevity in mammals.
2624h agoThe nucleus accumbens computes a generalized spatial state that tracks distance to goals across locations, routes, and behavioral contexts, enabling flexible goal-directed behavior.
2624h agoThe hippocampus preserves a stable spatial map while keeping individual navigation episodes distinct by encoding goal state through a prefrontal-thalamic pathway.
2624h agoPrP lowering compounds EYH and LCZ selectively reduce PrP levels in mouse cells by a post-translational mechanism, but show limited or no activity in human cell lines or in vivo.
2624h agoVisual adaptation affects the perception of causality, with people less likely to perceive one object launching another after repeatedly seeing such events.
2624h agoSARM1 in macrophages is required for injury-induced inflammation, degeneration, and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
2624h agoNeuro-inspired approaches to computation improve scalability, robustness, and energy efficiency by using energy-based dynamical models that encode information through gradient flows and energy landscapes.
2628h agoA simple model called the Distributed Production System explains how different systems, from economies to brain circuits, achieve productivity and efficiency through a principle called Maximum Heterogeneity, which states that optimal performance is achieved when systems become increasingly heterogeneous.
2628h agoLarge language models gain competence by predicting words in human text and can be turned into goal-oriented behavior by coupling them to an engineered runtime that triggers interventions.
2628h agoNeuromodulation-based control architecture allows for dynamically reconfiguring rhythmic activity in networks with fixed connectivity, enabling reliable rhythm switching despite neuronal degeneracy.
2628h agoA new approach to decoding visual information from brain signals allows a model to rapidly learn a person's unique neural patterns and robustly decode visual information without needing to be fine-tuned for that individual.
2628h agoA framework integrating The Virtual Brain platform and the Collaborative Brain Wave Analysis Pipeline guides parameter tuning to produce a whole-brain model that exhibits realistic spontaneous and evoked neural activity.
2628h agoEveryday human-computer interactions contain mental health information with biomarker accuracy that can be extracted using a new machine-learning framework called MAILA.
2628h agoLarge multi-modal models fail to accurately identify when and where interactions between objects and agents begin or end in videos, despite being able to name objects and identify actions.
2628h agoHigher-order interactions in complex networks have a non-monotonic effect on the time required to reach steady-state synchronization, with triadic interactions accelerating synchronization but further higher-order interactions delaying it.
2628h agoChaos in classical systems affects quantum tunneling rates, which become activated and determined by effective classical barriers when external driving and stochastic perturbations are present.
2628h agoHigher-order interactions in chaotic oscillator networks control chaos indirectly by regulating amplitude heterogeneity, which is converted into frequency shear that in turn governs chaotic dynamics.
2628h agoExtremal alignment rules, where interaction neighborhoods depend on candidate orientations, allow active matter to sustain self-confined collective motion by coupling orientational decisions to local density.
2628h agoA stochastic model captures the dynamics of rainfall, reproducing its extreme events, probability distributions, and multifractal features, and provides a tool for generating realistic synthetic rainfall series.
2628h agoA new modelling approach combines local reduced order modelling with adjoint-based optimization to efficiently optimize spatiotemporally chaotic systems.
2628h agoNovikov algebras of Stäckel type lead to evolutionary soliton hierarchies, including coupled Korteweg-de Vries and Harry Dym hierarchies, through centrally extended Hamiltonian operators.
2628h agoGhost attractors in dynamical systems can be identified and characterized using new algorithms and software, allowing researchers to gain new insights into transient dynamics in living systems.
2628h agoQuantum states in certain Floquet systems can recur after a finite amount of time, and an arithmetic framework identifies all possible recurrence times by analyzing the spectrum of the Floquet unitary.
2628h agoSolutions to the discrete Nahm equation with platonic symmetries correspond to SU(2) magnetic monopoles in hyperbolic space, and their spectral curves can be calculated directly.
2628h agoThe study links response theory, pullback measures, and optimal fingerprinting to predict the impact of changing forcings on systems and attribute observed anomalies to those forcings.
2628h agoModern Hopfield networks with continuous states have a maximum theoretical capacity of $\alpha = 0.5$ at zero temperature, and their thermodynamic memory capacity depends on the type of kernel used and the spherical geometry.
2628h agoBelnap's four-valued logic provides a natural algebraic bridge between discrete logic and continuous catastrophe theory, establishing a categorical correspondence that explains the logic's robustness and reveals mathematical necessity of certain engineering practices.
2628h agoThe study finds that the spectral properties of fractal agglomerates change with their dimension, with all eigenstates localized in 2D and a localization transition occurring in 3D as the fractal density increases.
2628h agoGradient Equilibrium Propagation trains energy gradients to enable Equilibrium Propagation to be applied to tasks where the learning objective depends on the velocity field of a convergent dynamical system.
2628h agoAging in active biological systems slows down over time as the system relaxes more slowly and takes longer to change, with the rate of change depending on the self-propulsion force and persistence time.
2628h agoAutoregressive generative models, including Transformers and recurrent neural networks, generate sequences by sampling each output from a deterministic summary of the past, and their non-Markovian processes can be analyzed using a general theoretical framework based on stochastic thermodynamics that estimates entropy production.
2628h agoThe Group Convolutional Neural Network representations reveal a 4-fold degenerate ground state for V ≤ 0.4 in the quantum dimer model on a square lattice.
2628h agoThe Tool-Narayanaswamy material-time concept works better for predicting physical aging in a binary liquid after a small temperature jump than after a large jump.
2628h agoLong-range Heisenberg models show long-lived superdiffusive spin transport, consistent with Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang (KPZ) scaling functions, despite lacking integrability.
2628h agoGlobal Signal Removal (GSR) equates to a family of graph spatial filters that enable interpretability of its effects on network connectivity, with different variants having systematically varying effects.
2636h agoThe Incremental Cluster TFCE algorithm speeds up statistical inference in neuroimaging by decoupling runtime from precision, making it possible to analyze large-scale data with fine parcellations of 1000 or more regions of interest.
2636h agoA Graph Attention Network framework that captures interactions between genes improves the accuracy of Alzheimer's disease classification when combined with polygenic risk scores.
2636h agoHIV exposure in children is associated with subtle changes in the structure and function of the central auditory system, including increased connectivity in some areas and decreased connectivity in others, without noticeable effects on neurocognitive performance.
2636h agoThe P2X7 receptor antagonist UB-ALT-P2 reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms and pathology in mice by blocking inflammatory signaling pathways.
2636h agoDeletion of the transcription factor Bcl11a disrupts precise circuit wiring in the cerebral cortex by causing mislocalization of surface proteins, leading to abnormal innervation of brain regions and potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.
2636h agoThe intrinsic timescale of neural processing follows a hierarchical pattern during youth brain development, changing from shorter timescales in sensorimotor cortex to longer timescales in association cortex.
2636h agoThe cortex functions as a predictive system, compressing sensory inputs into low-dimensional representations that prioritize unpredicted information, and a hybrid model combining Predictive Coding and predictive routing best explains the neural dynamics.
2636h agoListeners can quickly tell if a voice is human or AI-generated, within 134-176 milliseconds, and this ability is not mainly based on the voice's tone or expressiveness.
2636h agoThe brain uses two different neural codes, one for the precision of memories and the other for confidence in those memories, to track uncertainty in working memory.
2636h agoMicroglia play a crucial role in immune surveillance, neural homeostasis, and synaptic pruning across all stages of life.
2636h agoPsilocybin promotes new synapse formation and elimination of pre-existing synapses through serotonin 2A receptors in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which contributes to neuroplasticity but not hallucinations.
2636h agoThe study compares primate cerebellums.
2640h agoMicroglia play a role in regulating fertility.
2640h agoHuman behavior is more organized than previously thought.
2640h agoParkinson's disease has a distinct network signature.
2640h agoPrenatal exposure to maternal inflammation affects the development of mesolimbic reward circuitry in offspring, particularly in the connections between the ventral tegmental area and the hippocampus and limbic striatum.
2648h agoFRMPD2 protein promotes synapse formation, neuronal connectivity, and cognitive function by stimulating synaptogenesis, recruiting neuroligin-1, and interacting with the F-actin network.
2648h agoGlucocorticoids promote TRKB dimerization and signaling by interacting with the TRKB receptor, which contributes to TRKB-mediated plasticity and sheds light on the interconnected effects of glucocorticoid and TRKB signaling.
2648h agoThe superior colliculus uses a rapid transformation, occurring in tens of milliseconds, to switch from sensing the environment to orienting gaze, with foveal neurons bursting to jumpstart peripheral saccadic orienting.
2648h agoDeep brain stimulation of certain brain areas works by enhancing cognitive control, primarily by stimulating axons from the medial prefrontal cortex, not local neurons.
2648h agoA large-scale simulated speech dataset reveals that Alzheimer's disease causes progressive declines in fluency and lexical diversity, and increases in disfluencies and voice instability, which can be used to accurately distinguish between cognitive stages.
2648h agoExternal sensations involuntarily draw attention to matching internal representations in working memory, and engagement with the external stimulus affects the strength of this attentional capture.
2648h agoDopamine neurons signal reward prediction errors, opportunity costs, and goal approach through a unified process of temporal difference learning in continuous time.
2648h agoA new pipeline links the molecular identity of brain cells to their function in living mice at single-cell resolution, revealing a transcriptomic axis that underlies the diversity of hippocampal inhibitory neurons.
2648h agoReactivation during sleep changes memories by separating linked objects and contexts in the brain, making the memories more specific.
2648h agoNeuronal morphology actively constrains input patterns, synaptic integration, and circuit wiring in the nervous system, and genetic variants, including neurodevelopmental disorder risk genes, alter dendritic structures in specific ways.
2648h agoGeometry and interference among competing memories, rather than biological hardware or decay, explain why humans forget and remember things that never happened.
2652h agoSpiking reservoir computing's performance is maintained over a range of hyperparameters, with wider robustness intervals found at lower presynaptic connection densities and lower firing thresholds.
2652h agoJoint receptors, specifically Type I, can enable proprioceptive sensing with an average error of less than 2 degrees in both bending and twisting motions.
2652h agoThe Rosetta Stone hypothesis proposes that beliefs connect first-person experiences, behavior, and neural dynamics, and this connection makes predictions about subjective judgments, cognitive effort, and time perception.
2652h agoSpike-based alignment learning (SAL) helps correct asymmetry between neural connections, allowing for local learning in spiking neural networks.
2652h agoPyk2 contributes to hippocampal neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease and interacts with Tau in synapses to affect its localization.
2652h agoA precision approach that tracks neural changes within individuals over the course of training provides more nuanced insights into how neural representations change with training.
2652h agoA new self-supervised neural foundation model called CalM, trained on neuronal calcium traces, improves analysis of neural recordings by adapting to multiple tasks, including forecasting and decoding.
2652h agoMachine learning helps predict tipping points in complex systems by identifying the timing of critical transitions using reduced spatiotemporal data.
2652h agoNecessary and sufficient conditions are provided for maps to be pentagon maps if they satisfy associative-like conditions on families of n-ary magmas.
2652h agoBoundary Hopf bifurcations in three-dimensional Filippov systems lead to a two-parameter family of piecewise-linear maps that exhibit potentially chaotic dynamics.
2652h agoA soliton-like coherent structure appears as a wave packet during the early stage of turbulence transition and then conserves its shape and amplitude over a long distance downstream in wake flows.
2652h agoActive particles, such as self-propelled foragers, exhibit swarming behavior through coordinated movements when foraging in environments with partial observability.
2652h agoA novel integrability condition for the Riccati equation is obtained, which leads to an analytic general solution that can be extended to second-order linear ordinary differential equations.
2652h agoAlgebraic conservation laws, constructed by augmenting phase space with history-accumulating auxiliary variables, provide a deterministic solution to predict when a chaotic trajectory will switch between the lobes of the Lorenz attractor.
2652h agoThe long-time asymptotics of small Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) solutions are derived from the inverse scattering theory and the stationary phase method.
2652h agoA thermodynamically consistent model shows that chemically driven running drops on a solid substrate can self-propel due to a wettability contrast maintained by chemical reactions.
2652h agoA new framework called Dynamite solves Dynamical Mean-Field Equations up to unprecedented times, enabling accurate study of slow dynamics in complex landscapes.
2652h agoApplying periodic boundary conditions to disordered systems helps mimic large systems, and new techniques can calculate polarization variance, moments, and excess kurtosis within this context.
2652h agoThe $\mathbb{Z}_N$ cluster-state wavefunction is efficiently expressed using a projector-based scheme called the $P$-representation, which can be re-written in terms of neural weight matrices and matrix product states.
2652h agoA learning-induced tricritical point lies on a distinct higher Nishimori line, and this point is a higher Nishimori critical point with exact results, including equal power-law exponents for certain correlation functions and a Casimir effective central charge greater than 1/2.
2652h agoTopological defects offer a framework for understanding mechanical properties of amorphous solids, and recent studies use topological concepts to explain their mechanical response and complex dynamics.
2652h agoThe Ising spin glass model with long-range interactions on the Nishimori line exhibits a phase transition at finite low temperatures for interactions that decay as $r^{-\alpha}$ with $1 < \alpha < 3/2$.
2652h agoThe Random Subsequence Model connects to longstanding problems in multiple fields, including codes in the deletion channel, the longest common subsequence problem, and models of directed polymers.
2652h agoThe nonaffine elastic response in strongly disordered materials exhibits large-scale exponentially decaying correlations, governed by a heterogeneity length scale set by the disorder strength.
2652h agoTensor networks with randomly fluctuating parameters exhibit universal long-distance behavior governed by a nonlinear sigma-model, which places them in direct correspondence with the thermal quantum Hall problem.
2652h agoAdaptive systems evolve toward a marginally absorbing manifold that encodes memory of past conditions, allowing them to learn and retain information under environmental change.
2652h agoUltrathin films of different materials have a higher resistance to projectile penetration under high-velocity impact, following a universal law that relates thickness to specific penetration energy.
2652h agoMobility in internal-state coordinates provides an independent control axis for large-scale spatial reorganization of dense collectives, driving a transition from arrested aggregates to a peeling-like regime with broad spatial excursions.
2652h agoThe hippocampus contributes to visual short-term memory through ripple activity that interacts with the lateral temporal lobe.
2652h agoConcept representations in the brain can be largely spared in individuals with aphasia, and these representations can be decoded to predict the words, phrases, or sentences they are struggling to produce.
2652h agoThe central nervous system uses a combination of trial-by-trial adaptation, robust control, and online adaptation to handle different physical interactions during goal-directed movements.
2652h agoThe 4β2* subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is upregulated in the hippocampus and subiculum of people with Parkinson's disease, which may be of diagnostic value using PET imaging.
2652h agoA multimodal passive Brain-Computer Interface accurately screens for depressive traits by decoding neural dynamics, achieving a 90.9% balanced accuracy in classifying sub-clinical depressive tendencies.
2652h agoThe cerebellum and pons play a key role in placebo analgesia by processing expectations and pain, and their activity levels correlate with individual differences in pain reduction.
2652h agoSomatic variants activating the RAS/MAPK pathway, particularly in PTPN11, drive hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia, and lower the threshold for seizure-induced injury.
2652h agoSlow-waves and spindles during sleep remodel the synaptic proteome, promoting synaptic stabilization and memory consolidation, but disruptions to this process can lead to synaptic weakening.
2652h agoAntidepressant targets exhibit diurnal regulatory patterns, with their expression and activity levels changing throughout the day.
2652h agoCortical connectivity supports decision-making by changing the connections between neurons in different phases of a task, with increased modulation during the cue and decision phase.
2652h agoThe HIV-1 transgenic rat model exhibits age-related neurocognitive impairments and neuroanatomical changes similar to those seen in older HIV-1 positive individuals, including learning, attention, and temporal processing deficits, and neuronal dysfunction.
2652h agoMicroglia reprogramming using a highly attenuated polio:rhinovirus chimera, PVSRIPO, boosts microglia function in clearing CNS debris and enhances immune surveillance in neurodegenerative diseases.
2652h agoEmotional perception is shaped by top-down feedback that modulates sensory processing, and a new model called EmoFB explains how affective signals influence visual representations through intrinsic feedback and external steering.
2652h agoIn people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, cognitive difficulties are linked to stronger confinement of network-state fluctuations in the brain and altered resting-state network dynamics.
2656h agoThe central amygdala responds to GLP-1R agonists and multiple neuron populations in this area mediate the reduction in food intake caused by these agonists.
2656h agoPeople's visual exploration style and their way of moving through complex environments are linked, with faster and more widespread movers also having a more dynamic and exploratory visual style.
2656h agoLow-intensity focused ultrasound promotes brain waste clearance by activating lymphatic vessels in the meninges, which prevents cognitive decline and reduces pathological biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and aging models.
2656h agoThe incubation of opioid craving in rats does not lead to lasting negative emotional states, which are a major contributor to relapse vulnerability in humans recovering from opioid use disorder.
2656h agoHuman brain function depends on the interactions between glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and microglia, and a new human tri-culture platform allows for the study of these interactions, enabling the investigation of neuroimmune interactions and genetic variants.
2656h agoThe brain's functional organization is better understood by analyzing high-order functional interactions, which reveal redundancy and synergy patterns that are not captured by traditional pairwise connectivity analyses.
2656h agoDecreases in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma Aβ42 and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio occur with age in parallel with brain Aβ deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease model mice.
2656h agoWomen develop Alzheimer's disease at twice the rate of men, and differences in microglial activity and amyloid plaque formation between sexes may contribute to this disparity.
2656h agoYX84, a novel neuroactive steroid, acts as a full agonist, positive allosteric modulator, and blocker at GABAA receptors and also modestly inhibits NMDA receptor currents.
2656h agoMicroglial transcriptional programs, particularly IFN-gamma signaling, drive inter-individual variation in neuronal aging, with microglial states shifting from homeostatic to inflammatory dominance with age.
2656h agoThe brain and body interact through complex dynamics that can be captured by a new model, which extracts multiscale and nonlinear coupling dynamics and links them to cognitive and clinical characteristics.
2656h agoThe pituitary gland's cell populations coordinate hormone secretion through spontaneous intrinsic activity, generating a self-sustained oscillator that exhibits transient bistability and is linked to increased physiological demand.
2660h agoIntrinsic nonlinear brain dynamics predict individual differences in disposition to transcendent thinking in adolescents.
2660h agoMutations in certain genes, such as sim1a, can impair eye movements by disrupting the development of extraocular motor neurons, leading to disorders like strabismus.
2664h agoA sulcal interruption in the left posterior occipital temporal sulcus predicts better reading skills in typical readers, but it does not distinguish children with dyslexia from typical readers or predict their response to targeted reading instruction.
2668h agoCombining repeated exposure to low oxygen levels with voluntary exercise improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by enhancing respiratory function and reducing anxiety-like behaviors.
2668h agoEarly exposure to complex bilingual environments positively affects reading development by altering brain connectivity through the corpus callosum, independently of genetic risk for reading difficulties.
2672h agoAging reduces the quality of sensory information and increases reliance on semantic information, with structural connectivity within the representational network mediating age-related declines in perceptual representation and supporting semantic and perceptual memory in older adults.
2672h agoThe basal ganglia transform sensory signals into action signals by changing high-dimensional sensory information into low-dimensional signals that guide behavior.
2672h agoBrain complexity involves nonlinear relationships, and these are present in the connectivity patterns of infant brains from birth, with linear and nonlinear approaches revealing complementary insights into brain development.
2672h agoCDKL5 kinase phosphorylates RNA-binding proteins ELAVL2, ELAVL3, and ELAVL4, promoting their activity and enhancing protein synthesis, which is essential for neuronal development and cortical circuit formation.
2672h agoMicroglia integrate into human midbrain organoids, adopt a mature and inflammation-responsive state, and drive altered transcriptional signatures of dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes, modeling the role of microglia and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
2672h agoA self-supervised neural foundation model called CalM, trained on neuronal calcium traces, improves neural recording analysis by adapting to multiple tasks, including forecasting and decoding.
2676h agoPhysical causal closure and physical determinism are distinct concepts that should not be equated, as they belong to different frameworks: physical determinism to the Physical Stance and physical causal closure to the Causal Stance.
2676h agoA new hierarchical transformer framework analyzes large-scale unstructured brain meshes, incorporating diverse vertex-level morphometric descriptors, and enables efficient multi-scale attention and seamless integration of different neuroimaging feature sets.
2676h agoBrain features are rarely used in clinics for diagnosis and prognosis because current methods relying on cohort comparisons and single data types are insufficient to identify effective biomarkers, and a new approach using multimodal and longitudinal brain data is needed.
2676h agoThe human eye-hand coordination uses internal models to predict future states and compensate for sensory delays, and individuals have stable and unique predictive strategies that are not determined by expertise.
2676h agoThe relativistic standard map exhibits mixed phase space with confined local chaos near unity, transitioning to diffusion in the action variable as relativity decreases, with scaling properties showing invariance and escape rates following exponential and power-law decay.
2676h agoResearchers generalize saddle-nodes to higher-dimensional center manifolds and introduce algorithms to identify and characterize ghost attractors, channels, and cycles, enabling new insights into transient dynamics in living systems.
2676h agoA voter-type model on a two-layer multiplex network shows a rich phase diagram with spontaneous symmetry-breaking and a cusp bifurcation when noise is introduced.
2676h agoSpin-boson systems exhibit a transition from regular to chaotic behavior when control parameters are varied, and a study finds that two-photon interactions produce different properties in mixed eigenstates compared to one-photon interactions.
2676h agoA method can reconstruct the influence between model variables from time-series measurements of followers in a noisy leader-follower consensus algorithm, even when leader measurements are unavailable.
2676h agoThe intrinsic Gauss curvature of a surface associated with certain first-order ordinary differential equations depends only on the independent variable, and this leads to a three-part connection with a second-order linear operator.
2676h agoSynchronization in one dimension shows generic scale invariance with universal properties similar to surface kinetic roughening, and its behavior changes with different types of randomness and oscillator coupling.
2676h agoA broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser exhibits chaos with high correlation dimension, large bandwidth, and good spectral flatness, enabling high bit-rate entropy generation and random number generation that passes NIST tests at rates up to 150 Gb/s.
2676h agoBell nonlocality in many-body three-level systems is linked to integrable behavior, not chaos, when measurement settings yield maximal violation.
2676h agoThe spectral measure of the Lax matrix associated with the periodic Toda chain follows a large deviation principle governed by a rate function that generalises the free energy of the system.
2676h agoA new model couples the long-wave Darrieus--Landau instability and the short-wave diffusive-thermal instability in premixed flames, revealing two asymptotic regimes and a crossover limit where both instabilities interact equally.
2676h agoMassive excitations emerge in graphs through a mechanism inspired by the Higgs mechanism, producing a mass gap between a massless ground state and massive particles that localize on regions with high or low density.
2676h agoNeuro-inspired approaches to computation improve scalability, robustness, and energy efficiency by using energy-based dynamical models that encode information through gradient flows and energy landscapes.
2676h agoA neural-network-based method predicts the effective spin-orbit coupling strength in hole quantum dot arrays from standard charge stability diagrams with high accuracy.
2676h agoMobility in internal-state coordinates provides an independent control axis for large-scale spatial reorganization of dense collectives, driving a transition from arrested aggregates to a peeling-like regime with broad spatial excursions.
2676h agoSynchronization in one dimension shows generic scale invariance with universal properties similar to surface kinetic roughening, and its behavior changes with different types of randomness and oscillator coupling.
2676h agoUsing Feynman diagrams, this approach organizes perturbative series terms to compute free energy in systems with many interacting stochastic constituents, allowing new insights into problems such as high-dimensional statistics and complex networks.
2676h agoVarying the disorder distribution in a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model changes the number and widths of disconnected topological windows, and affects re-entrant topological behavior.
2676h agoLearning the ground state phase structure of Heisenberg antiferromagnets is NP-hard and links to combinatorial optimization.
2676h agoA lattice model with reciprocal Liouvillian dynamics shows erratic localization and ultra-slow, disorder-induced subdiffusive transport, highlighting a fundamental distinction between Hamiltonian and Liouvillian systems.
2676h agoStates with a uniform Walsh spectrum require exponentially large complexity to be accurately represented by shallow additive neural networks.
2676h agoTau oligomers decrease sharp-wave ripple oscillations, which are crucial for memory consolidation, in mouse and human hippocampal slices.
2676h agoNADH accumulation causes photoreceptor degeneration in the absence of GOT1, while GOT2 decrease helps protect photoreceptors from degeneration.
2676h agoA physics-informed neural network framework accurately estimates the haemodynamic response function and latent neurovascular state variables from blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals in functional magnetic resonance imaging.
2680h agoThe subiculum signals discontinuities in experience, such as changes in environment or behavioral state, using a vector-based code that explains its varied neural activity.
2680h agoTau protein regulates mitochondrial function and produces excess ROS, and its abnormality creates a self-perpetuating loop that drives neurodegeneration.
2680h agoHeteroRC, a biologically inspired decoding framework, accurately recovers neural representations from raw neural time series, including nonlinear or non-phase-locked dynamics, outperforming conventional linear decoders and artificial neural networks.
2680h agoMolecular networks across the cortex have a spatial organization that contributes to differences in local circuit vulnerability in aging and Alzheimer's disease, and a new framework generates spatially registered maps of these networks at millimeter resolution, revealing coherent cortical gradients and complete metabolic circuits.
2680h agoTask-dependent modulation of stretch-evoked motor responses in humans is associated with changes in activation within reticulospinal regions of the human brainstem.
2680h agoThe walk-sum algebra of the brain's structural connections determines the brain's communication channels, predicting a crossover in brain activity near 12.6 Hz and spatial patterns that match data from brain scans.
2680h agoVisual factors can strongly reduce the perception of motion during eye movements, with the motion appearing smaller and slower due to visual masking.
2680h agoA fusion modeling framework for simultaneous EEG-fMRI data reveals that resting-state brain dynamics can be described by three states with different characteristics, including a dominant "backbone" state and two transient alternative states.
2680h agoAn iterative approach to estimating cerebrovascular reactivity allows for improved assessments in clinical populations by adjusting for spatially varying delays in the brain's response to stimuli.
2680h agoEpilepsy seizures are linked to specific network properties in the brain that can be identified and predict seizure risk, even in individuals without observable symptoms.
2684h agoCombining different MRI image contrasts allows for a fully automated method to segment brain tissues, including gray matter, white matter hyperintensities, and perivascular spaces, with internal consistency across 773 imaging datasets from 403 participants.
2684h ago[2,3,4,6,6-2H5]glucose produces similar amounts of HDO as [2H7]glucose, making it a lower-cost alternative for metabolic imaging studies.
2684h agoNeutrophils enter the injured brain through a compromised meningeal barrier and IL-36γ plays a key role in regulating neuroinflammation in pediatric stroke.
2684h agoAn optimized protocol using tube-and-pestle homogenization and sucrose-gradient pelleting produces intact nuclei with reduced debris from myelin-rich adult mouse brain regions for single-nucleus RNA sequencing.
2684h agoAutistic children have reduced alpha activity in their brains, which leads to altered sensory experiences, because their brain's alpha rhythms are less stable and less frequent, not because the rhythms are weaker.
2684h agoSETD5 dysfunction in astrocytes impairs neuronal physiology by increasing harmful chemicals, and the JAK/STAT pathway regulates this process, making it a potential therapeutic target.
2688h agoCerebellar circuits learn and encode prior probabilities of event timing, and cell-type-specific neural activity reflects environmental statistics to guide predictive motor behavior.
2692h agoColor helps people recognize objects when the image is blurry, but it does not make a difference when the image is clear.
2692h agoThe brainstem's nuclei connect to the cortex in a way that matches different functions, from sensory and motor processing to higher-order thinking.
2692h agoGlymphatic function declines with age, and this decline is linked to increased meningeal lymphatic vessel volumes and decreased processing speed, which are related to cognitive performance.
2692h agoThe aggregation of -synuclein occurs predominantly at the lysosomal membrane, driven by the -synuclein N-terminus and modulated by the protein WDR44, leading to neuronal impairment.
2692h agoClassic hallucinogens act strongly in brain areas that process emotions, which helps explain their rapid antidepressant effects.
2692h agoAnatomical connectivity in the human visual cortex preserves the geometry of neural representations, with cortical regions representing the same locations in visual space preferentially connecting.
2692h agoIGF-1 inhibits AMPA receptor activity, reducing glutamate-evoked calcium peaks in neocortical neurons, which may contribute to neuroprotection, while its effects on hippocampal neurons differ.
2692h agoThe human posterior parietal cortex encodes hand and eye movements separately, allowing for the combination of these independent signals to control coordinated hand-eye movements.
2692h agoSuccessful group hunting requires individuals to coordinate their behaviour, and brain activity in the prefrontal cortex regions becomes more synchronized between hunters during a successful hunt.
2692h agoHeterogeneous recurrent networks operate in a complex systems regime, where robust function emerges from non-unique interactions among hyperparameters, dynamics, and heterogeneities.
2696h agoMutant mice with impaired retinal circuits lack horizontal optokinetic reflex, and some exhibit abnormal eye oscillations or reduced vertical reflex, depending on the genetic mutation.
2696h agoNormative modeling harmonizes data from different studies to create a lifespan chart of brain connectivity, revealing a decoupling between static and dynamic connectivity that changes with age.
2696h agoEstrogen receptor 1-expressing neurons marked by proenkephalin in the medial preoptic area promote the transition from appetitive to consummatory mating behavior in male mice by sustaining a motivational drive.
2696h agoHippocampal networks sustain robust spatial information transfer despite neural-circuit heterogeneities and trial-to-trial variability through a balance of excitation and inhibition, and the diversity of neural connections and inputs.
2696h agoJumping spiders trigger a pivoting response to luminance patterns that change across both time and space, not just to motion-segmented objects.
2696h agoBrain activity in people aligns with large language models during creative thinking, and the alignment depends on the model's size and the originality of ideas generated.
2700h agoAI-generated music systematically shifts predicted brain activity patterns relevant to attention and valuation, with different music prompts producing distinct brain responses.
2700h agoConnectome-constrained neural networks do not show a clear advantage in learning efficiency over random controls when fair comparisons are made with stricter controls.
2700h agoInformation flow in neural matter is physically based on relational structures, such as quantum entanglement and classical correlations, that can act as usable resources to build larger-scale organization across neural tissue.
2700h agoThe stability-plasticity dilemma in artificial neural networks is caused by an energy barrier that grows linearly with the number of tasks, leading to an exponential collapse of the transition rate.
2700h agoIncreasing the plasticity rate in balanced spiking networks expands oscillatory regions to shorter postsynaptic decay times and moderate-to-long delays, and specific parameter combinations shape rhythmic coherence.
2700h agoThe gray-anchoring theory explains how the early visual system helps with color constancy by identifying gray surfaces within complex scenes.
2700h agoA boundary transition in substrate-constrained covariance flow becomes visible in an embedded spin probe in the living human brain through a transferred cross-mode sector of reduced dynamics.
2700h agoRepeated interactions promote fairness, with fair behavior maintained by offerers and accepters who comply with their partner's past actions or use specific strategies.
2700h agoPhase transitions in adaptive dynamical networks lead to reorganization in coordinated behavior, and two forms of heterogeneous nucleation give rise to single-step and multi-step transitions to global synchronization.
2700h agoA discrepancy in the definition of the paramagnetic phase explains the criticism of the bifurcation analysis in a Vlasov equation paper.
2700h agoA simplified model couples the long-wave Darrieus--Landau instability and the short-wave diffusive-thermal instability in premixed flames, revealing two asymptotic regimes and a crossover limit where both instabilities participate equally.
2700h agoThe statistics of gaps between quantum energy levels in transitional systems between integrability and chaos are controlled by the matrix elements of the nonintegrable perturbation Hamiltonian.
2700h agoA unified fault detection framework integrating an Extended Timed Continuous Petri Net model with semi-supervised anomaly detection accurately detects faults in hybrid physical systems.
2700h agoQuantum fluctuations cause transport barriers to delocalize, allowing particles to tunnel through, and a new geometric framework describes this process using Lagrangian descriptors.
2700h agoHyperbolic hypergeometric integrals degenerate to complex hypergeometric functions, specifically the univariate hyperbolic beta integral and the conical function become two-dimensional integrals over the complex plane.
2700h agoThe effective Bethe ansatz provides a high-quality approximation of exact eigenstates in quantum many-body systems near an integrable point, especially for models with weak integrability-breaking interactions.
2700h agoThe Effective Bethe Ansatz method provides a physically accurate description of non-integrable quantum spin chains near integrability, capturing key finite-size effects and potential phase transitions.
2700h agoGrokking, an abrupt memorization-to-generalization transition in neural networks, occurs as effective dimensionality crosses from sub-diffusive to super-diffusive at generalization onset.
2700h agoPower-law distribution functions form when a system is initially far from equilibrium, has scale-free dynamics, and open boundary conditions, which are common conditions found in a wide variety of natural and human systems.
2700h agoSubsystem resetting can shift or suppress synchronization transitions and give rise to nontrivial features in collective behavior of interacting systems.
2700h agoThe origin of the 2011 Sargassum bloom in the tropical North Atlantic was near the West African coast, up to two years before it was detectable via satellite imagery.
2700h agoQuantum chaos diffusion of cold atoms can be inverted back in time with up to 100% efficiency, unlike classical evolution where small errors break time reversibility.
2700h agoThe hyperelliptic $\mathrm{al}_{ab}$ functions provide solutions to nonlinear differential equations, including the nonlinear Schrödinger and complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equations.
2700h agoA simple mathematical model shows that energy dissipation due to tidal effects preserves the total angular momentum of a system while removing energy.
2700h agoThe study derives a reduced system from the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations, which yields finite-time blow-up at the ridge apex.
2700h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert method reveals the long-time asymptotic behaviors of solutions to the Tzitz\'eica equation across various regions.
2700h agoBidirectional nonlinear optical tomography (BNOT) breaks the degeneracy of input and output coupling efficiencies, allowing for accurate estimation of individual interface efficiencies in nonlinear photonic integrated circuits.
2700h agoA time-crystalline phase emerges in a single-band holographic superconductor when incorporating a nonlinear gauge-scalar coupling and external driving.
2700h agoThe dynamics of geodesics in pp-wave spacetimes with polynomial profiles behave like a classical particle in a two-dimensional harmonic polynomial potential.
2700h agoA geometric indicator based on the width of a transition layer scales linearly with noise strength, providing an early warning signal for rapid under-ice blooms in the Arctic.
2700h agoThe linear response theory predicts how added forcing changes the statistical properties of a system, and now applies to a general class of nonautonomous systems that lose memory of their initial conditions over time.
2700h agoA sparse convex-relaxation framework estimates effective local scaling exponents from short velocity-increment profiles, indicating useful short-record self-consistency and detecting directional structure and low-order anisotropic organization in high-vorticity regions.
2700h agoA solvable spherical model of coupled oscillators shows that a finite width of natural-frequency distribution suppresses the finite-temperature spin-glass transition, but a spin-glass phase persists at zero temperature.
2700h agoThe Bott metric captures amplitude information and measures the quantum metric of a system, unifying topological invariants and quantum metric under a single framework.
2700h agoMany-body localization protects emergent holographic geometry from thermalization in random tensor networks.
2700h agoKolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) provide a framework that accurately predicts material properties and reveals interpretable chemical trends aligned with physical principles.
2700h agoStates with a nearly uniform Walsh spectrum require exponentially large Walsh complexity, which shallow additive neural networks cannot generate with polynomial activations.
2700h agoNon-reciprocity and geometric frustration in many-body systems enable complex, liquid-like behavior by preventing crystalline order.
2700h agoReinforcement reduces the computation time of the quantum search problem and increases the noise tolerance of the algorithm.
2700h agoThe stability-plasticity dilemma in artificial neural networks is caused by an energy barrier that grows linearly with the number of tasks, leading to an exponential collapse of the transition rate.
2700h agoGrokking, an abrupt memorization-to-generalization transition in neural networks, occurs as effective dimensionality crosses from sub-diffusive to super-diffusive at generalization onset.
2700h agoDetecting a shared signal between two high-dimensional variables can be done by analyzing sample correlations, and joint and cross covariance matrices are better at reconstructing the signal than self covariances.
2700h agoA mechanical hysteron made of rigid bars and linear springs allows controllable properties and tunable interactions, enabling the creation of materials that can sense, compute, and respond to their mechanical environment.
2700h agoThe formation of hybridized pairs of topological domain wall zero modes leads to anomalous logarithmic scaling of ac conductivity in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain with chiral disorder near the topological delocalization transition.
2700h agoA spin-1/2 particle propagating in a disordered potential shows a transient backscattering peak offset from the exact backscattering direction, coexisting with a coherent backscattering dip due to interference effects.
2700h agoA disorder-guaranteeing theory derives the highest mathematically possible packing fraction of bidisperse discs based on their size ratio and concentrations.
2700h agoNew algorithms compute the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy and mana, which measure non-stabilizerness in quantum states, at a cost of $O(N d^{2N})$, improving on previous methods.
2700h agoElectric-field history affects the transition temperature, polarization, and phase-transition dynamics in PMN-PT compositions, especially near the morphotropic phase boundary.
2700h agoMichel Talagrand's 2006 proof of the Parisi formula marked a key milestone in transforming mean-field spin glass theory into a rigorous mathematical subject.
2700h agoA bilayer Kagome spin ice on a quantum annealer reveals that magnetic monopoles' confinement and ordering are controlled by two independent experimental handles: monopole density and interlayer charge order.
2700h agoA multimodal pipeline enables 3D imaging of cerebral white-matter architecture from whole-brain axonal projections to individual myelinated axons across different scales.
2700h agoThe drug terazosin reverses Alzheimer's disease-associated molecular pathways, preserves vulnerable brain circuitry, and restores spatial learning in a sex-dependent manner in rats.
2700h agoPeripheral sensory injury can cause maladaptive brain changes that make harmless sounds unpleasant or painful, and boosting inhibition in the auditory cortex can reverse these changes.
2704h agoElectrical coupling between neurons in the pacemaker nucleus supports the generation of electric organ discharges in gymnotiform fish, enabling both active electroreception and electrocommunication.
2704h agoThe brain's ability to reorganize itself to preserve performance with age differs between sexes and is linked to estrogen levels, with females showing a unique pattern of connectivity reorganization in anterior brain regions that helps maintain memory performance.
2704h agoCX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling regulates microglial response to dying neurons by helping microglia quickly engage with and clear dead cells.
2704h agoCircadian misalignment contributes to myopia, and people with late chronotype are more likely to have myopia, with animal studies showing a reversible myopic shift after disrupting normal light-dark schedules.
2704h agoMale mice tend to exploit previously rewarded actions more than female mice, showing a different balance between exploration and exploitation, which affects their foraging accuracy in certain environments.
2704h agoLoss-of-function variants in ATP13A2 cause astrocytes to change into a neuroinflammatory state that kills dopaminergic neurons by altering polyamine metabolism and epigenetic regulation.
2704h agoSynchronizing with a tool's complex dynamics depends on the predictability and reciprocal coupling between the user and the tool, and learning is best when the user and tool interact in a controlled, adaptive way.
2704h agoConserved residues W330, R332, and L336 in the L1-MX segment of the 7 nAChR subunit positively regulate the assembly of 7 oligomers and the biogenesis of 7 nAChR.
2704h agoNeurons expressing calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the central nucleus of amygdala play a key role in pain modulation, and their activation or inhibition can induce or reverse pain-related hypersensitivity.
2704h agoBrain electric microstates help maintain attention over time and differentiate focused attention from inattention, with specific microstates contributing to correct detection of target stimuli and varying systematically during tasks.
2704h agoAlzheimer's disease-related processes show distinct and spatially organized microstructural signatures that can be linked to specific cellular pathologies and cognitive impairment.
2704h agoINSM1 is essential for proper cell-cycle progression of basal progenitors, and its deficiency leads to impaired neurogenesis, but apical progenitors can compensate by increasing cell divisions to partly preserve neuron production.
2704h agoLaser speckle contrast imaging detects changes in cellular metabolic activity in brain tissue through slow speckle dynamics that are tied to energy-dependent cellular processes.
2704h agoThe brain and decentralized circuits work together with sensory feedback to help animals move in different ways, with the brain providing flexibility and decentralized circuits autonomously generating coordination.
2704h agoA distributed functional brain network predicts self-reported craving in individuals with substance use disorders, and this craving network generalizes across different types of addiction and predicts distinct components of craving.
2704h agoDopamine in the anterior cingulate cortex helps evaluate whether automatic responses to rewards and punishments should guide behaviour, supporting learning of behavioural policies in addition to learning about specific states and actions.
2704h agoHierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT) characterizes white matter architecture at the microscale and reveals fiber orientations that correspond with those from diffusion MRI but with greater microstructural complexity.
2704h agoThe mole-rat's ability to sense the magnetic field does not appear to rely on magnetite-based magnetoreceptors in the eye.
2704h agoAbeta dysregulation contributes to transient network hyperexcitability in early Alzheimer's disease, and patient-derived cerebral organoids can serve as a model to examine early network dysfunction.
2708h agoBi-cross-validation helps evaluate and compare dynamic functional connectivity models by accurately selecting models that capture underlying brain state structures.
2708h agoCombining functional near-infrared spectroscopy with peripheral physiological signals improves subject-independent classification of emotions, yielding a macro-averaged F1 score of 0.73 for arousal and 0.64 for valence.
2708h agoThe lncRNA Dory is expressed in specific brain cells and its deletion or knockdown impairs spatial memory in female mice by altering gene and protein expression.
2716h agoA novel polymer-based coating that releases a drug called selonsertib helps protect the cochlea from damage and promotes healing after cochlear implant surgery.
2716h agoEthanol dependence induces astrocyte reactivity in the central amygdala, characterized by activation of neuroimmune and antioxidant pathways, down-regulation of homeostatic functions, and increased astrocyte complexity.
2716h agoPsychosis is associated with altered cortical resting-state dynamics, marked by a shift towards cortical hyperexcitability, which is linked to specific molecular pathways involving potassium channels, GABA receptors, and various neurotransmitter systems.
2716h agoAlpha-synuclein co-pathology amplifies the association between amyloid and tau across all Braak stages, but does not modify the relationship between tau and cognition.
2716h agoThe cerebellum helps preserve motor abilities in older adults, with cerebellar-dependent motor processes remaining resilient despite age-related structural decline.
2716h agoHigher baseline heart rate variability is associated with greater susceptibility to ASMR and music-induced frisson.
2716h agoA new approach to designing nanobodies targeting the tau protein in Alzheimer's disease uses biophysical modelling and AI to create nanobodies that bind specifically to the disease-relevant conformations of the protein.
2716h agoMorphine exposure causes lasting changes in the way genes are spliced in microglia, a type of brain cell, which may contribute to the long-term problems seen in opioid use disorder.
2716h agoIncreased neuroimmune signaling contributes to persistent alcohol-related brain changes, and Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) plays a role in escalated drinking by disrupting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain.
2716h agoThe Nrn1 promoter-enhancer combination enables efficient and injury-resilient gene expression in retinal ganglion cells, with over 83% of transduced cells being RGC-selective.
2716h agoThe visual system represents an object's animacy, separate from its lower-level visual features, and this representation structures visual working memory and guides visual attention.
2716h agoBinge drinking in adolescence depletes mature oligodendrocytes and disrupts myelin production in male mice, leading to long-term brain deficits, but has no effect on female mice.
2716h agoSmall cortical patches in the brain robustly encode a hierarchy of linguistic features, and dynamically change over time to represent successive phonemes, syllables, and words without interference.
2724h agoHuman intracranial recordings can advance the search for neural correlates of perceptual consciousness by offering high resolution and sensitivity to identify the brain activity that underlies conscious perception.
2724h agoGeometry and tuning encode specific signatures of brain regions or models, while linearly decodable information is more globally shared across regions or models.
2724h agoA novel framework called SemKey enforces signal-grounded generation to decode natural language from non-invasive EEG signals, addressing limitations in current models.
2724h agoThe study proposes models that accurately approximate rarefaction and dispersive shock waves in the discrete modified KdV equation, matching numerical results.
2724h agoStable limit cycles can exist in all natural modes of linear multi-degree-of-freedom systems with discontinuous, state-dependent forcing, and their stability is governed by initial conditions and system parameters.
2724h agoVegetation in semi-arid areas forms patterns like bands and spots with characteristic wavelengths of tens to hundreds of meters, and this pattern formation can be explained by energy-balance and water-conservation principles.
2724h agoThe learning dynamics of multi-layer perceptrons pass through plateau regions and near-optimal regions with saddle structures before converging to an overfitting region.
2724h agoA new method predicts quantum thermalization in most pure states of a many-body system using certain correlators of few-body observables.
2724h agoA depth-aware generative framework accurately reconstructs high-resolution three-dimensional ocean states from sparse surface data, recovering subsurface temperature, salinity, and velocity fields across multiple depths.
2724h agoThe Degasperis-Procesi equation's smooth 1-solitons are asymptotically stable, with the linearized operator having a spectral gap that leads to exponential decay and linear asymptotic stability.
2724h agoFrobenius algebras of operator fields have a novel duality property that allows construction of new infinite-dimensional integrable systems from existing ones.
2724h agoBiological systems regulate their resistance to change in shaping their behavior, with cells proliferating and decaying through a process of stochastic martingale turnover that generates balanced population compositions.
2724h agoAn adaptive method based on Markovian approximation of eye-gaze dynamics improves the accuracy of distinguishing saccades from fixations, especially under noisy conditions, and shows that velocity and dispersion thresholds achieve high accuracy when optimized.
2724h agoThe genetic analysis indicates minimal gene flow across the Eastern Pacific Barrier in larvae of the reef-building coral Porites lobata, except for detectable connectivity between Clipperton Atoll and the Line Islands.
2724h agoSmooth solutions to the 2D inviscid Boussinesq system can blow up in finite time while a natural weighted energy remains uniformly bounded.
2724h agoBias in stored patterns reduces the effective storage capacity of dense higher-order associative memories by a multiplicative correction factor, while preserving superlinear scaling with system size.
2724h agoThe study derives the dynamics of matter waves undergoing elastic scattering from a disordered potential in the presence of spatially uniform SU(2) gauge fields, describing short-time spin-momentum dynamics and spin isotropization time.
2724h agoOverparameterization only modestly accelerates escape from a plateau of poor generalization in a two-layer neural network, and the dynamics selects the closest solution to the random initialization from a manifold of zero-loss solutions.
2724h agoNeural network field theory can be applied to topological settings to describe transitions and symmetries, including the Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless transition and T-duality of the bosonic string.
2724h agoMinkowski tensors provide robust information for random spatial structures, and an improved algorithm estimates these tensors from point clouds with more robustness and efficiency.
2724h agoThe lifetime of quantum information scales exponentially with system size when the environment is continuously monitored, but grows at most linearly or remains constant without monitoring.
2724h agoThe Tracy-Widom distribution takes a large deviation form with a rate function that solves a Painlevé II equation, describing rare events of large fluctuations in the largest eigenvalue of a Gaussian ensemble of large random matrices.
2724h agoAdding a constant offset to a quasiperiodic potential transforms anomalous mobility edges into conventional mobility edges, separating localized from delocalized states.
2724h agoA new system enables stable, uninterrupted recordings of neuronal networks for weeks by eliminating evaporation and maintaining culture conditions.
2724h agoAnticipatory coordination of digit forces remains stable despite degraded peripheral sensory input, but feedback-mediated grip force scaling depends on sensory input and rapidly adapts to its restoration.
2724h agoEpidural spinal stimulation of the phrenic motor nucleus at spinal segment C4 restores swallowing function after cervical spinal cord injury by activating spinal pathways and sensory feedback mechanisms.
2724h agoBrain maturation mediates the relationship between an individual's environment and their cognitive ability, with different environmental factors influencing brain development through distinct neural pathways.
2740h agoEarly brain activity patterns in sensory hubs, particularly visual and auditory regions, predict later cognitive, language, and motor development in infants, with different patterns found in term-born and preterm-born infants.
2744h agoMaturation of long-distance white matter tracts in the brain links to improved response inhibition and changes in neural activity in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence.
2744h agoThe temporoparietal junction (TPJ) uses alpha-band oscillations to help people learn and make decisions during social bargaining, and altering its activity changes how people behave in these situations.
2744h agoTemporal attention helps select a visual stimulus by routing its information across cortical networks through two possible pathways.
2744h agoPeripheral immune changes occur early in Alzheimer's disease, with coordinated immune signaling signatures emerging in the preclinical stage, preceding brain changes and cognitive decline.
2744h agoMotor and sensory signals are integrated in the somatosensory cortex by being organized in orthogonal subspaces, allowing for accurate body state estimation and detection of external perturbations.
2744h agoThe astrocyte circadian clock regulates perineuronal net abundance, synaptic plasticity, and behavioral learning and memory.
2744h agoBlocking both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels together suppresses pain-sensing neurons more effectively than blocking either one alone, but this effect varies across different types of sensory neurons.
2744h agoParkin plays a crucial role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis, and activating it with small molecules can protect dopaminergic neurons and reduce Parkinson's disease pathology.
2748h agoPeople with Tourette Syndrome have similar brain activity to healthy people when making facial movements, but may have altered motor integration or action initiation.
2764h agoCDKL5 phosphorylation controls mRNA metabolism by regulating the properties of nELAVL condensates and their communication with other biomolecular condensates, which is crucial for experience-dependent maturation of the visual cortex.
2764h agoThe subiculum's main output structure consists of distinct cellular layers with specific connections to brain-wide networks that regulate behaviors such as spatial navigation, social behavior, and neuroendocrine regulation.
2764h agoInteractions between local brain cell structure, neuromodulatory systems, and large-scale brain networks shape neural activity in humans, and this relationship changes across the lifespan.
2764h agoA distinct biochemical signature of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is characterized by changes in blood metabolites, including elevated lactate and depleted glucose, which can be used for early diagnosis within the first hour of birth.
2764h agoUsing white matter microstructure to inform brain models improves their ability to capture individual brain dynamics in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
2764h agoAPOE4 genotype changes cellular states and increases vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease in specific brain cell types, including excitatory neurons and microglia.
2764h agoThe cerebellar circuit's spike processing explains the gamma-band coherence between motor and sensory cortices during sensorimotor integration.
2764h agoDual neurotransmitter release from the globus pallidus internus to the lateral habenula is governed by a molecular mechanism involving synaptotagmin isoforms that regulate the differential release of glutamate and GABA.
2764h agoThe association between body mass index and subcortical brain microstructure during adolescence accelerates at the upper end of the BMI distribution, above the 80th percentile.
2764h agoBlocking TNF signaling in astrocytes preserves memory, reduces inflammation, and restores hippocampal circuitry balance, thereby counteracting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
2764h agoChildren consolidate newly acquired motor sequences better than adults because they have greater reactivation of task-dependent hippocampal activity patterns during rest periods after learning.
2764h agoMutations in the serine-palmitoyltransferase enzyme lead to different disease conditions, including ALS, HSAN1, and a mixed sensory-motor phenotype, by altering sphingolipid flux and production in distinct ways.
2764h agoThe cerebellum's cortical expansion outpaces the growth of its output structures, leading to nonuniform scaling of its architecture across primates.
2764h agoChronic stress reduces inhibitory input from GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus to proopiomelanocortin neurons, leading to their hyperactivity and potentially contributing to stress-related disorders.
2764h agoRule learning leads to lasting changes in prefrontal activity, inducing plasticity in the brain, with some neural effects common across different tasks and modalities, and others unique to individual ones.
2764h agoMutations in the YWHAG gene cause YWHAG Syndrome, a childhood epilepsy disorder, by disrupting normal brain cell function and structure, leading to problems with calcium regulation and cytoskeletal stability.
2764h agoTraumatic brain injury releases ceramide-rich extracellular vesicles into the blood, which can cause inflammation, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain damage.
2764h agoSynaptic plasticity rules lead to specialization of tuning properties across dendritic compartments by reducing depression on distal branches with complex structures, allowing them to stabilize inputs with weaker correlations to postsynaptic spiking.
2772h agoAgRP neurons respond to an oral glucose load in two distinct phases: an initial anticipatory phase that predicts subsequent blood glucose changes, and a second phase that is shaped by the rate of blood glucose change.
2776h agoConsciousness is an information structure that decreases in local neural circuits during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, supporting the idea that consciousness cannot be reduced to individual system elements.
2776h agoMidazolam inhibits glioma cell growth by suppressing neuronal activity and neuron-derived growth factors, which normally promote tumor progression through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
2776h agoSleep enhances the removal of brain waste by increasing endocytosis in brain endothelial cells, which facilitates the transport of waste, including amyloid-beta, into the circulation.
2776h agoPeople's unique expectations about how scenes typically look shape their individual patterns of eye movement, with this effect being stronger when they are uncertain or actively trying to make sense of what they see.
2776h agoThe study finds similarities and dissimilarities in brain activity patterns between retrieving words and episodes, with right parietal regions showing similarities and left temporal and frontal regions showing differences.
2776h agoA novel method using thin needle electrodes allows for quick and minimally invasive EEG recordings in mice, producing results comparable to those obtained with screw electrodes.
2776h agoCervical repetitive magnetic stimulation promotes ventilatory recovery after cervical spinal cord injury by enhancing diaphragmatic motor output and reducing inflammatory response.
2776h agoBrain state dynamics are sensitive markers of early amyloid-beta accumulation and cognitive impairment, and can predict working memory performance and cognitive decline.
2776h agoThe three-dimensional organization of individual axons in human white matter shows regional diversity, with distinct architectural patterns including meshworks, lattice-like structures, and tightly packed bundles of fibers.
2776h agoInhibitory cerebellar nuclei neurons drive dystonic crisis, and their abnormal activity in the cerebellum and connections to the thalamus play a key role in the condition.
2776h agoNeuronal groups form synaptic clusters with consistent spatial arrangements on dendritic branches of multiple target neurons, revealing a repeated pattern in cortical microarchitecture.
2776h agoUnpredictable, intermittent access to ethanol promotes loss of control over drinking, escalates ethanol consumption, and leads to aversion-resistant drinking in rats with alcohol use disorder.
2780h agoGlutamatergic synapses between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse corpus callosum switch from short-term synaptic depression to facilitation during postnatal development.
2780h agoNicotine use affects brain activity differently in people with depression compared to those without, with changes in oscillatory activity and hippocampal-cortical connectivity.
2780h agoTranscriptional differences in speech-related brain areas are strongest in individuals with autism who have a known genetic diagnosis, and these differences are mainly found in certain types of neurons.
2780h agoCortical networks selectively amplify inputs that align with their internal subnetworks, leading to more reliable and specific responses.
2780h agoThe fiber pathways of the human subcortex can be reconstructed with ultra-high-resolution diffusion MRI, enabling the creation of a high-definition atlas of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuits.
2780h agoA projection from the dorsal subiculum to the mammillary body regulates the fragmented feeding behavior of animals in natural environments.
2780h agoHorusEye, a self-supervised foundation model, learns realistic noise from X-ray scans and enables robust tomography restoration across diverse modalities, scanners, and tasks without clean training data.
2784h agoThe best spatial alignment method for spatial transcriptomics depends on the dataset.
2784h agoGlutamate receptors, specifically mGluR2, exist in at least 11 distinct forms in the brain, including active and inactive states, and combine with other proteins to form complexes that differ from those found in lab-grown cells.
2784h agoThe Parallelized Hierarchical Connectome (PHC) framework upgrades temporal-only State-Space Models into spatiotemporal recurrent networks that integrate neuro-physical priors and achieve competitive performance with reduced parameter complexity.
2796h agoInterpretable EEG features capturing neural dynamics can discriminate Parkinsonian neural states, with standard features best distinguishing medication states and dynamical descriptors distinguishing between Parkinson's patients and healthy controls.
2796h agoSynaptic and extrasynaptic signaling form complementary brain networks that work together to sustain brain function, with four distinct communication regimes specialized for speed, modulation, robustness, and survival.
2796h agoPhase Estimation with Autoregressive Padding (PEAP) improves accuracy by 3.2 to 9.2% for continuous phase estimation and reduces systemic biases compared to commonly used methods.
2796h agoCalcium homeostasis and neuromodulation work together to maintain robust and adaptable neuronal function, with a biologically inspired neuromodulation controller ensuring reliable neuronal firing patterns while calcium homeostasis maintains target intracellular calcium levels.
2796h agoMagnetic resonance measurements of proton spins in neural tissue provide evidence for a metric-driven onset of collective non-compact SU(1,1) structure, indicating a transition from distributed belief to committed action.
2796h agoFast dynamical similarity analysis (fastDSA) accurately and efficiently measures the similarity between nonlinear dynamical systems, such as artificial neural networks and neural circuits.
2796h agoAgents acting competently under uncertainty must have internal structures that include world models, belief-like memory, and persistent variables, which enable strong task performance and low average-case regret.
2796h agoNeuroNarrator, a new EEG-to-text foundation model, translates electrophysiological segments into precise clinical narratives, enabling interpretable narrative generation that facilitates expert interpretation and supports clinical reporting workflows.
2796h agoSmooth solutions to the 3D axisymmetric Euler system can be constructed that blow up in finite time while a natural weighted energy remains uniformly bounded.
2796h agoThe elastic pendulum's motion is organized into oscillatory, rotational, and chaotic regimes, with chaotic motion concentrated in a central region of the parameter plane where it follows a linear relation and does not exceed 70% of the phase space.
2796h agoA continuous one-parameter family of elliptic sine-Gordon equations is introduced, characterized by a modulus that ranges from 0 to 1, and its properties and kink solutions are analyzed for various values of the modulus.
2796h agoPhase frustration can be overcome to achieve complete synchronization in oscillators with bi-harmonic coupling by correlating natural frequencies with network degree heterogeneity.
2796h agoThe study presents families of Liouville integrable Lotka-Volterra systems, specifically homogeneous (3m-2)-parameter families in (2m)- and (2m-1)-dimensional systems.
2796h agoPrecise exponential asymptotics are found for pinned dark solitary waves in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation, reconciling results with continuum nonlinear Schrödinger equations.
2796h agoA new analytical framework helps attain optimal synchronization in directed multiplex networks by introducing a synchrony alignment function that integrates structural properties and dynamics.
2796h agoDecreasing temperature steers a many-body system towards an integrable point, despite strong interactions that break integrability, and leads to slow relaxation dynamics that violate ergodicity.
2796h agoUrban populations follow a fractal organization with two scaling exponents, β and γ, that are interrelated, and as cities evolve, their γ and β values tend to follow a specific relationship, γ ≈ 2 + β.
2796h agoSynaptic and extrasynaptic signaling form complementary brain networks that work together to sustain brain function, with four distinct communication regimes specialized for speed, modulation, robustness, and survival.
2796h agoUltrathin exchange-decoupled antisymmetric ferromagnetic bilayers can stabilize skyrmions through a synergistic interaction between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the dipolar interaction.
2796h agoNonlinearity and wave amplification combine to reshape wave transport in nonreciprocal systems, driving wave packets through three successive regimes: nonlinear-skin, wave-mixing, and self-trapping.
2796h agoA mapping is constructed between stationary solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with real and complex potentials, yielding exact solutions with real energies for a large class of complex potentials.
2796h agoNonlocal interaction helps control coherence resonance in groups of non-excitable oscillators by enhancing it when the coupling radius is increased.
2796h agoA new framework identifies relevant variables in complex systems by determining which ones best predict the system's future, allowing for simplified models and data-driven discovery of governing dynamics.
2796h agoActive flow networks can generate and transmit information through the creation and propagation of solitary waves, which emerge from disordered initial conditions and exhibit diverse behaviors depending on system parameters.
2796h agoA classical algorithm called VIRAL outperforms the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) on a standard spin-glass benchmark, converging to the ground state value as circuit depth increases.
2796h agoA generalized SSH model exhibits extended states protected by unbounded hopping, but these states transition to a multifractal phase with the appearance of generalized incommensurate zeros.
2796h agoNonlinearity and wave amplification combine to reshape wave transport in nonreciprocal systems, driving wave packets through three successive regimes: nonlinear-skin, wave-mixing, and self-trapping.
2796h agoLong-range correlated hopping and time-reversal symmetry breaking drive a localization-delocalization transition in a one-dimensional disordered system.
2796h agoA new class of surrogate potential energy functions, called foundation machine learning interatomic potentials, enables quantum-accurate computational chemistry at a lower cost, likely replacing density functional theory as the prime method of choice within a decade.
2796h agoSurface growth driven by non-monomeric deposition behaves differently depending on the size distribution of deposited blobs, with critical exponents changing continuously based on this distribution.
2796h agoSynaptic and extrasynaptic signaling form complementary brain networks that work together to sustain brain function, with four distinct communication regimes specialized for speed, modulation, robustness, and survival.
2796h agoNormalization choice and placement determine the distribution of class predictions at initialization, inducing systematic shifts in the initial prediction regime and modulating subsequent learning dynamics.
2796h agoContextual prediction helps with speech comprehension only when the temporal structure is weak and the words are segmented by syllable.
2796h agoIsoflurane anesthesia causes a progressive reduction in neuronal activity, leading to increased disconnection and disorganization of neurons in C. elegans.
2796h agoEnvironmental enrichment improves memory by enhancing sparse coding in the hippocampus through stronger feedback inhibition from somatostatin interneurons to pyramidal cells.
2796h agoPolytraumatic brain injury causes chronic hindlimb hyperalgesia, which can be alleviated by pharmacological interventions or voluntary exercise, and restored endogenous pain modulation.
2796h agoA new head- and arm-fixation apparatus allows reliable transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography recordings in awake non-human primates, enabling the implementation of human-like stimulation protocols.
2796h agoHormonal transition phases, such as menarche and menopause, cause regionally overlapping brain structural changes with opposite effects on brain volume.
2796h agoFluctuations in attentional states, such as mind-wandering, are linked to changes in brain oscillations, including reduced theta and alpha power, and altered network synchronization.
2796h agoNeuraGEM, a neural architecture, combines fast and slow neural processes to help organize experiences into manageable parts, track changes, and support flexible behavior.
2796h agoPeople with limb apraxia after a left-hemisphere stroke often do not realize they make tool-related action errors, and this lack of awareness is linked to impaired knowledge of how tool actions look and feel and a lower attempt to correct their errors.
2796h agoAlzheimer's Disease detection requires brain biomarkers that take into account age information, as healthy aging and AD progress along different anatomical dimensions, and ignoring age limits the accuracy of detection.
2796h agoPerineuronal nets (PNNs) mostly wrap around PV neurons, and PNN-positive PV neurons have distinct molecular features that indicate mature fast-spiking functions, while PNN-negative PV neurons have features that suggest higher plasticity.
2796h agoThe Encoder-based Curvature-Aware Regularization method improves the estimation of asymmetric fiber orientation distributions, leading to sharper and more accurate depictions of complex brain fiber pathways.
2796h agoIL-17A rescues Purkinje neuron dysfunction and motor deficits in a mouse model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, restoring motor performance to normal levels.
2796h agoReverberation and interruptions make it harder to maintain selective attention, reducing syllable recall accuracy and changing pupil dilation responses.
2796h agoThe brain's ventral visual cortex encodes different properties of food, with some areas representing visual and subjective features and others specifically representing perceived calorie content.
2796h agoProfessional artists' brains show stronger activity in action-related regions when they experience their own artwork, suggesting that the mental representations of creating art are integral to their overall artistic experience.
2796h agoBinocular anticorrelation causes an initial suppression in the visual system, followed by a rebound-like facilitation that accelerates responses once the target becomes detectable.
2796h agoSleep and wake drive different changes in how the brain represents smells, with sleep causing a reversal in the trajectory of these changes and wake continuing them in a different way.
2796h agoCooperative high-intensity interval training improves reading comprehension and reduces cognitive load in adolescents more than moderate-intensity continuous training and sedentary behavior, and this effect is influenced by gray matter volume in key brain regions.
2796h agoLong-term psychedelic users show largely no differences in brain activity, complexity, and network connectivity compared to non-users.
2796h agoEarly-life adversity disrupts reward behaviors by altering gene expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) through the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRHR1), and deleting CRHR1 in PVT cells restores typical reward behaviors.
2796h agoStroke reduces the complexity and expressiveness of hand movements, particularly in spatiotemporal coordination, resulting in impaired dexterous hand use.
2796h agoThe tRNA epitranscriptome is remodeled in a sex-specific way in Alzheimer's disease, linking disease pathology and sex to impaired RNA metabolism.
2808h agoA single recurrent network model of the hippocampus generates both place cells, which encode spatial location, and time cells, which encode temporal patterns, depending on the input patterns it receives.
2820h agoLow-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound emerges as a non-invasive brain stimulation method that can target deep brain circuits with high spatial resolution.
2820h agoThe brain continuously predicts sensory inputs and refines neuronal responses by highlighting prediction errors through key computational primitives such as stimulus adaptation and hierarchical processing.
2820h agoThe look-up table of a cellular automaton contains a causal architecture that can be extracted using a forward model, which predicts where causal coupling occurs across the lattice.
2820h agoLifts installed next to each other synchronize their movements due to an effective interaction that consists of both attraction and repulsion.
2820h agoOptical solitons supported by spiral potentials in media with cubic-quintic nonlinearity are completely stable, enabling multistable optical trapping for potential applications in all-optical data processing.
2820h agoA technique creates dark-bright solitons and soliton lattices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates by preparing the condensate in a dark state of a three-level system.
2820h agoThe study develops a framework to compare elementary cellular automata, focusing on spatial symmetry, and finds that Rule 22 follows a parabolic reaction-diffusion equation and has a specific pattern of support-set cardinality.
2820h agoScientists create a method to generate "gray swans," or extreme weather events that haven't been observed, by altering initial conditions in weather prediction models.
2820h agoBuSyNet, a deep learning architecture, models Hamiltonian systems by combining energy conservation and symplectic geometry constraints to discover concise, closed-form Hamiltonians.
2820h agoA large deviation principle for the spectral measure of the Lax matrix is established for the periodic Toda chain of N particles subject to a generalised Gibbs measure.
2820h agoNonlinear Thouless pumping occurs in quasiperiodic lattices, where local nonlinear self-consistent potentials lead to a lattice potential reconstruction that governs the dynamics of gap solitons.
2820h agoVectorial degrees of freedom in analog hardware improve the ability to find optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems by enlarging the phase space to minimize the Ising energy.
2820h agoSpiking neural networks with integer-state dynamics exhibit recurrent temporal structure and are sensitive to quantization, with their behavior depending on representation semantics and scaling choices.
2820h agoPredictability in certain many-body systems is constructed dynamically over time, and the final outcome cannot be reliably inferred from the initial state alone.
2820h agoPeriodic oscillations emerge through a Hopf bifurcation in a scalar diffusion equation when it is coupled to a dynamic boundary condition.
2820h agoA new framework recasts parameter calibration of stochastic differential equations as a fluctuation-dissipation problem, allowing for exact calculation of parameter sensitivities using unperturbed dynamics.
2820h agoVortex solitons with stable and tunable shapes form in photonic topological insulators with disclinations, enabling disorder-resistant transmission of signals and energy.
2820h agoSpurious correlations in time-series analysis are common, but using Kolmogorov complexity as a safeguard can help prevent false positives by showing that the probability of accidental correlation between two independent series decreases as their complexity increases.
2820h agoVectorial degrees of freedom in analog hardware improve the ability to find optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems by enlarging the phase space to minimize the Ising energy.
2820h agoDisorder enables a bulk form of skin localization, known as the erratic non-Hermitian skin effect, where eigenstates accumulate in the bulk of a system rather than at its edges.
2820h agoQuantum walk on a random comb graph with infinite teeth gets trapped in a finite region with a nonzero probability due to localization effects along the spine.
2820h agoOut-of-equilibrium dynamics and efficient algorithms have a low probability of finding stable local optima in spin glass systems.
2820h agoThe dynamics of the spherical model with non-reciprocal random interactions shows a breakdown of time-translation invariance and a long-time relaxation governed by exponential decays, with a transition to an oscillatory regime with periodic oscillations when interactions have antisymmetric correlations.
2820h agoMinimizing a compressed variance of local energies improves convergence when training neural networks to determine quantum states of interacting many-body fermionic systems.
2820h agoScientists have identified a genetic cascade involving Vgll2 and Tead1 that drives the generation of hypocretin neurons, which could lead to new treatments for narcolepsy.
2820h agoSomatosensation is mediated by primary sensory neurons that convert stimuli into electrical signals using molecular sensors, and Creld1 acts as a master regulator of somatosensory function by controlling the excitability of these neurons.
2820h agoExternal rhythmic sensory stimulation at a low frequency improves performance in a visual temporal prediction task by aligning with intrinsic brain oscillations.
2820h agoThe hippocampal CA1 subregion shows depth-dependent patterns of myelination that are linked to individual differences in memory performance, with higher myelination in the outer and inner compartments and associated with better object localization accuracy.
2820h agoSimilar somatic firing behaviours in CA1 pyramidal neurons emerge from widely different combinations of intrinsic parameters, demonstrating robust ion channel degeneracy that is shaped by dendrite morphology.
2820h agoThe glycocalyx on the blood-brain barrier releases danger signals that trigger inflammation after ischemic stroke, and blocking these signals with mannose-capped gold nanoparticles reduces neuronal damage and inflammation.
2820h agoThe choice of tagging frequency influences neural responses and cognitive performance, with an 8.6 Hz frequency eliciting stronger neural responses and better performance in a working memory task than a 12 Hz frequency.
2820h agoNeuromelanin accumulation and location within the substantia nigra drive the vulnerability of certain dopaminergic neurons to degeneration, leading to the formation of Lewy body-like inclusions.
2820h agoMice make active saccadic eye movements that are tightly coordinated with head movements during voluntary gaze redirection, similar to foveate animals like primates.
2820h agoA heterogeneous population of excitatory neurons with recurrent coupling produces different activity patterns, including a synchronous bursting regime that gives rise to beta-band oscillations coupled to high-frequency oscillations, mimicking the brain activity patterns seen in Parkinson's disease.
2820h agoChoir participation helps older adults process auditory information faster and improves their cognitive reserve, psychological well-being, and frailty.
2820h agoTau filaments from brains with Alzheimer's disease or corticobasal degeneration can seed the assembly of new filaments with the same structure in mouse brains.
2820h agoA specific type of excitatory neuron, characterized by NRGN and BEX1 expression, is selectively vulnerable to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, with its depletion linked to synaptic function and regulation.
2820h agoSTRADA loss causes a reduction of inhibitory interneurons in the somatosensory cortex and an increase in the striatum, leading to failed interneuron migration and contributing to epilepsy in PMSE.
2820h agoSensory processing in the brain combines new information with prior knowledge, and neurons in the primary auditory cortex respond more strongly to unexpected omissions of a stimulus than to expected or unexpected stimulus repetitions.
2820h agoA loudness reduction occurs for sounds with bandwidths less than one-half octave, especially at moderate levels and frequencies near 1 kHz, and a neural model suggests this is due to early central auditory system processing.
2820h agoChoroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid play a role in maintaining the neuroblast pool in brain areas where new neurons are generated in both early life and adulthood.
2820h agoFish prioritize visual cues in turbulent environments and lateral line input in uniform flows to optimize swimming energetics.
2820h agoMutations in SHANK3 disrupt socio-emotional, cognitive, and repetitive behaviors by altering the activity of glutamatergic neurons in the anterior insular cortex.
2820h agoBrains achieve efficiency and robustness through specific network wiring features, including excess node self-recurrency, which allows them to maintain performance despite neuronal loss or hyperparameter variations.
2820h agoThree cognitive constructs - relational structure, spotlight attention, and affordance computation - enable flexible control in biological agents, allowing them to adapt to new goals and environments without extra training.
2820h agoFICD-mediated AMPylation is upregulated in Parkinson's disease, triggers ER stress and lysosomal dysfunction, and promotes alpha-synuclein aggregation and cell death.
2824h agoGeneral cognitive function is supported by a widely distributed white matter network in the brain, with its integrity becoming increasingly important for cognitive performance across adulthood.
2824h agoAstrocytes have distinct protein profiles in different brain regions, with MINK1 and PLEKHB1 identified as potential markers for hippocampal and cortical astrocytes, respectively.
2824h agoNeurons in the medial entorhinal cortex represent specific locations that are not currently physically occupied when an individual is not moving.
2832h agoSynchronization of sharp-wave ripples in the hippocampus during sleep supports coordinated reactivation that more faithfully represents negative experiences than positive ones.
2832h agoA structurally constrained Kuramoto model reproduces resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity, and shows modest reductions in structure-function coupling over time following traumatic brain injury.
2832h agoThe organization of functional circuitry in mouse visual cortex varies by brain state, with intra-areal connections dominating across arousal states and specific patterns emerging in laminar circuit organization and neuron connections.
2832h agoNovel AAV variants achieve high levels of gene expression in the brain with minimal side effects in other organs, making them a promising treatment for a wide range of neurological diseases.
2836h agoIncreasing keypoint density in animal behavior analysis yields negligible gains in classifier performance, while prioritizing behavioral dataset volume and temporal dynamics over complex anatomical keypoints improves results.
2836h agoFemale mice lose their preference for male odor during pregnancy and nursing.
2836h agoInner speech and overt speech have different effects on arousal levels, with inner speech proceeding at a reduced arousal cost that increases with task demands.
2836h agoThe precise neurotransmission requires voltage-gated calcium channels to be tightly coupled with synaptic vesicles at active zones, and this is achieved by primed synaptic vesicles controlling the mobility and organization of the calcium channels.
2836h agoMarkerless pose estimation models offer a trade-off between accuracy and speed when applied to animal video datasets, and context-specific model selection is crucial for optimal results.
2836h agoA pretraining-finetuning framework predicts outcomes of Parkinson's disease treatments from resting-state fMRI, providing individualized virtual brains that accurately forecast clinical responses to temporal interference and deep brain stimulation.
2844h agoReservoirs combined with a simple trained readout layer can perform a wide range of computational tasks, but their performance degrades when strong spontaneous activity develops; two countermeasures, structuring connection weights and implementing automatic gain control, can help prevent this degradation.
2844h agoThe brain processes different sentence structures, such as transitive and ditransitive constructions, as distinct representations, mainly when the sentence is complete, and this neural processing pattern is similar to how artificial language models work.
2844h agoSignal lifetime in broadcasting networks is maximized near neutral assortativity, where the strong amplification from hubs balances limited annihilation via short cycles.
2844h agoA new framework introduces a way to analyze how brain networks change when a pathway is disrupted or externally modulated, using energy-perturbation problems on network flows.
2844h agoA new framework based on Topological Signal Processing models the brain as a higher-order topological domain, allowing it to represent circulatory and higher-order functional interactions, and enabling a more detailed understanding of brain connectivity and its relationship to behavior.
2844h agoThe study identifies three key areas in intelligent and secure smart hospital ecosystems: AI-driven healthcare systems, decentralized digital health ecosystems, and scalable cloud-edge infrastructures.
2844h agoSpiking neural networks optimized for binary classification of liver health status from computed tomography features achieve a maximum validation accuracy of 98.35%.
2844h agoA new framework uses EEG to reconstruct dynamic fMRI sequences with high spatial fidelity and strong temporal coherence, enabling better understanding of large-scale brain mechanisms.
2844h agoThe discrete PT-symmetric nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation has two types of novel solitons, oscillating solitons and breathers, under large nonzero boundary conditions.
2844h agoScientists observe soliton lattices and their dislocations in channels filled with fluids of different viscosities, confirming a 50-year-old theory of cnoidal waves.
2844h agoAnts in highly cooperative colonies can exhibit Braess's paradox, where they favour the shortest path even when it slows the colony, due to evolutionary forces that prioritize shortest-path identification.
2844h agoA sparse convex-relaxation framework estimates effective local scaling exponents from short velocity-increment profiles with useful short-record self-consistency, and detects directional structure and low-order anisotropic organization in high-vorticity regions.
2844h agoChaotic behavior in two-dimensional autonomous systems with singular or nonsmooth dynamics can be distinguished from artifacts caused by singularities or discretization using a diagnostic protocol that integrates regularization, numerical refinement, and invariant-set criteria.
2844h agoA novel coupling scheme enhances synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks by scaling interaction strength between oscillators according to their frequency detuning.
2844h agoThe Higgs branches of 5d Sp(k) theories with Nf flavours are described by a pair of instantons that transform as pure spinors of SO(2Nf), forming algebraic integrable systems.
2844h agoGravitational wave turbulence corresponds to the propagation of a genuine physical degree of freedom, with simulations showing a dual cascade of energy and wave action, and statistical distribution evolving towards near Gaussianity with intermittent coherent structures.
2844h agoSignal lifetime in broadcasting networks is maximized near neutral assortativity, where the strong amplification from hubs balances limited annihilation via short cycles.
2844h agoHeteroclinic cycles of type Y have asymptotic stability and fragmentary asymptotic stability determined by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of transition matrices.
2844h agoA general dynamical criterion for self-organization in open stochastic systems shows that self-organization corresponds to parameter evolution that reduces the average stochastic action.
2844h agoThe symmetries of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system collapse into a finite-dimensional module on multi-soliton solutions, spanned by elementary center-translation generators.
2844h agoThe presence of competing mean-field and quantum fluctuation interactions in a nonlinear Schrodinger equation leads to a richer bifurcation structure, with unusual bifurcation events and novel stability transitions, including continuous pathways connecting different stationary states.
2844h agoNon-equilibrium conditions in biochemical systems shape their symmetry-breaking features and steady-state properties.
2844h agoPower-law probability distributions emerge naturally in open quantum systems with nonlinear dissipation, leading to heavy tails in steady-state energy distributions.
2844h agoThe Discrete Non Linear Schrödinger model displays an equilibrium transition between a homogeneous phase at positive temperature and a localized phase at negative temperature, describable by a mean-field theory that approximates the grandcanonical partition function.
2844h agoThe second-order Kuramoto model reveals that secondary synchronized clusters cause temporal oscillations in global synchrony, and an onset crossover mass of approximately 3.865 marks the emergence of these clusters.
2844h agoThe study examines deformations of the rule-54 reversible cellular automaton, focusing on integrability structures, and finds that the quantum deformation has an infinite tower of mutually commuting conserved charges, while the stochastic deformation has a non-equilibrium steady state that can be explicitly constructed.
2844h agoSmooth solutions to the 2D inviscid Boussinesq system can blow up in finite time while a natural weighted energy remains uniformly bounded.
2844h agoTransformer models trained on protein sequence data have good learning properties over a range of intermediate temperatures due to the lack of a first-order-like transition in loss.
2844h agoThe Laplacian matrix of 2D random geometric graphs always has a small proportion of system-spanning modes, while all eigenmodes of the adjacency matrix are localised for sufficiently large system sizes.
2844h agoA design approach using a generative model creates a sequence that confines topological modes in one-dimensional systems while preserving their topology.
2844h agoA systematic method for expanding spin-glass Hamiltonians reveals profound distinctions between short-range Edwards-Anderson and mean-field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glasses, with the latter exhibiting self-similar behavior and the former breaking into isolated sections.
2844h agoGraphene functionalized with magnetic Terbium Phthalocyanines molecules exhibits magnetic field-dependent 1/f noise and universal conductance fluctuations due to long-range magnetic correlations induced through exchange interactions between the molecules and graphene's charge carriers.
2844h agoSignal lifetime in broadcasting networks is maximized near neutral assortativity, where the strong amplification from hubs balances limited annihilation via short cycles.
2844h agoUrban scaling laws, which describe how city characteristics change with population size, do not accurately reflect the growth dynamics of individual cities, but rather result from a statistical snapshot of diverse cities with different growth paths.
2844h agoSpontaneous symmetry breaking requires an infinite number of degrees of freedom and a spatial dimension that is not too low, and it can be understood through discrete geometric structures, such as lattices and networks, where it is controlled by fractional resistance distance and spectral dimension.
2844h agoA one-dimensional single-particle Hamiltonian with a mobility edge is proposed, separating extended states from localized states without requiring disorder.
2844h agoThe Hatano-Nelson chain has a complex eigenvalue spectrum that changes from one loop to two loops as disorder increases, and its eigenstates are subexponentially localized.
2844h agoErgodicity breaking in systems with linear potentials depends on the initial state, showing distinct non-equilibrium dynamics for states with the same energy but different domain wall numbers.
2844h agoHigh nitrogen content in metallic molybdenum nitrides induces a transition from metal to semimetal at the two-dimensional limit.
2844h agoThe onset of the topological giant rigid component in random covalent networks coincides with the mechanical Maxwell isostatic point at an average degree of 2.4.
2844h agoNorepinephrine dynamics can be accurately measured by correcting for hemodynamic artifacts, and this correction reveals that cortical norepinephrine signals are graded with respect to behavioral intensity and integrate LC output over time.
2844h agoThe human mind represents time as a multidimensional space with at least three dimensions: magnitude, contextual encoding, and a periodic component.
2844h agoThe dopamine D2 receptor is required for the therapeutic effects of the SSRI fluoxetine on mood and hippocampal neurogenesis.
2844h agoTissue clearing technique CLARI-O enables comprehensive 3D visualization and analysis of organizational features in cortical organoids and related systems, allowing study of glial populations, cellular heterogeneity, and human cell integration.
2848h agoGluN3A-containing NMDARs, which are gated by glycine only, form a sizeable fraction of total NMDARs, are mostly located outside synapses in the adult brain, and have a unique structure that shapes their function.
2848h agoDpr/DIP-mediated interactions between neurons control the pruning of specific axonal branches during neural circuit remodeling by regulating N-Cadherin.
2848h agoStimulant misuse alters white matter microstructural organization, particularly in hippocampal pathways, and to a broader extent in various brain pathways for amphetamine users.
2852h agoChildren with developmental language disorder have weaker disengagement of the default mode network during linguistically demanding tasks, and their brains use similar but less efficient neural mechanisms for repetition-based learning.
2852h agoThe brain regions OFC/vmPFC use a probabilistic population code to represent the value of options and the uncertainty surrounding that value, guiding choices.
2852h agoMutant allele-specific knockdown of LDB3 reverses or mitigates myofibrillar myopathy in mice by restoring the LDB3-protein kinase C alpha (PKC)-filamin-C mechanosensing axis and normalizing muscle signaling.
2852h agoThe brain's neural circuits are organized to coordinate the flow of metabolic information, with efficient glucose use predicting stronger connections and better cognitive and emotional function.
2852h agoInscapes and eyes open rest have different aperiodic neural activity patterns, with rest showing higher activity in most areas, but Inscapes showing higher activity in the pericalcarine cortex.
2852h agoBrain aging involves progressive reorganization of structure and composition at the cellular level, marked by increasing cellular heterogeneity, loss of fine cellular barriers, and expansion of extracellular space.
2852h agoThe Attention-guided Multimodal brain Age prediction Network (AMAge-Net) accurately predicts brain age by integrating functional and structural brain information from MRI scans, achieving better performance than existing methods.
2852h agoThe enzyme Hapln1 promotes spinal cord repair in zebrafish by enhancing the proliferation of stem-like progenitor cells through hyaluran.
2852h agoAstrocyte morphogenesis and tiling in the brain are regulated by the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) through competition driven mechanisms involving JAK-STAT3 signaling.
2852h agoInformation channel capacity, a measure of directed information transfer between brain regions, detects dynamic directional interactions in the brain over time.
2852h agoDiet quality during development shapes brain circuits that control begging behavior, while diet quantity determines growth.
2852h agoBipolar disorder shows widespread disruptions in brain networks related to emotion and reward, which are linked to illness severity and medication use.
2852h agoThe activity of neurons in the HVC region of canaries' brains captures the rhythmic features of their song, representing the coordinated movement of respiratory and vocal muscles.
2852h agoEveryday environments provide sufficient structure for language acquisition, and children's language learning is supported by both linguistic input and the rehearsal of past experiences.
2852h agoMultiscale entropy-based networks exhibit stronger modular organization and enhanced local segregation compared to conventional networks, and they reveal robust sex differences in brain organization.
2852h agoDopamine projections to the basolateral amygdala drive the encoding of identity-specific reward memories.
2856h agoVagus nerve stimulation reduces temporomandibular disorder related pain by activating a subset of vagal sensory afferents with dopaminergic features.
2856h agoHypoxia triggers different responses in brain networks, increasing functional connectivity while nonlinearly modulating local neural activity, leading to distinct temporal profiles across networks.
2856h agoLocal dendritic excitatory-inhibitory balance and branch-selective inhibition enable associative recall by creating binary-like membrane-potential states and gating access to memory sets stored across dendritic trees.
2856h agoLactation increases food-seeking behavior and palatable food intake in mice by elevating dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
2856h agoA small subset of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is required for the motor expression of food anticipatory activity, but not the timing of it.
2856h agoDepression changes how people with close relationships respond to shared rewards and reciprocated trust, affecting how they invest in and interact with others.
2856h agoThe brain's unique connectivity pattern, or "fingerprint", stabilizes within three weeks after a stroke, but then undergoes a prolonged reorganization of brain circuits over the next year.
2856h agoA single dose of the antipsychotic drug clozapine causes long-term behavioral effects and changes to brain activity patterns in mice that last up to several days.
2856h agoAnimals preferentially respond to the most distinctive components of complex odour blends, which are the ones that provide the most ecological information.
2856h agoA long-acting gene therapy treatment reduces intraocular pressure, preserves optic nerve anatomy and function, and prevents vision loss in glaucomatous mice.
2856h agoThe glial transition zone, a previously unrecognized interface between the central and peripheral nervous system, is a critical site of immune-glial interactions and vulnerable to age-related demyelination and neuroinflammation, contributing to age-related hearing loss.
2856h agoSyngap1 haploinsufficiency in mice produces opposing cortical activity patterns, with reduced sensory responses and amplified movement/arousal activity, due to non-uniform, cell-type-dependent effects on brain network development.
2856h agoHippocampal output is organized into clusters of sharp wave-ripples during specific brain states, which enables information exchange between the hippocampus and neocortex and helps consolidate memories.
2856h agoSleep ripples drive neuronal firing that helps turn fragile experiences into lasting memories by reactivating and strengthening the neurons that code for remembered items.
2856h agoVoxelwise normative modeling detects individualized brain deviations from a reference model with high spatial precision, revealing clinically relevant brain alterations in people with preterm birth and genetic neurodegenerative disorders.
2856h agoSleep, particularly N3 and REM sleep, plays a critical role in memory accuracy for emotional stimuli, and people with PTSD have a diminished ability to distinguish between negative and neutral information.
2856h agoA combination of response features, not individual features, accurately distinguishes recordings from two subdivisions of the inferior colliculus, the central nucleus and cortex, in awake and anesthetized mice.
2856h agoClozapine suppresses autoimmunity that drives psychosis-like behaviors by reducing autoantibody levels and antibody-mediated brain cell damage.
2856h agoMisfolded proteins spread through brain regions following rise-and-fall patterns, and brain regions with more vulnerability to this process have specific types of brain cells and gene expressions.
2856h agoA fully automated pipeline standardizes neural reconstructions, detects and corrects structural anomalies, and accurately labels dendrites in pyramidal neurons with 99.51% accuracy.
2856h agoMesoscale neuronal networks have a structured and state-dependent organization that links single-neuron activity to large-scale brain networks.
2856h agoNeuropeptide Y released by specific hippocampal inhibitory neurons switches fear memories into extinction memories by acting on two distinct receptor-defined neuron populations.
2860h agoCombining a general and plausible neural network, accurate noise, and reliable information measures allows studying information flow in early vision, and results show that feedback reduces information loss and improves the accuracy of the reconstructed signal.
2868h agoPeople understand social scenes by combining intuitive psychology and physics to infer agents' goals and relationships from their actions and the physical environment.
2868h agoSad emotional processing in the brain is associated with lower energy states in certain brain networks, indicating a more stable configuration than happy emotional processing.
2868h agoIdealized navigation systems using allocentric maps with landmark structure can be computationally universal, allowing for navigation to occur online or offline.
2868h agoThe Contextual Diffusion Decision Model (CDDM) extends the Diffusion Decision Model to handle dynamic context and multiple sources of information in decision making.
2868h agoThe expansion of large language model context windows and the contraction of human sustained-attention capacity are creating a growing gap, with AI capabilities now far surpassing human abilities.
2868h agoHaar and Fourier encodings preserve neuroanatomical boundaries more accurately and achieve the strongest reconstruction fidelity in high-resolution larval zebrafish microscopy.
2868h agoDeep Memory, a new mechanism, allows for persistent memory in cognitive systems that continuously replace their learnable state, enabling them to maintain context-specific memories.
2868h agoProbabilistic consciousness attribution to current AI systems is premature, and a more defensible near-term strategy is to focus on biologically grounded engineering.
2868h agoA self-modifying system requires a hierarchy of rules, a fixed core, and a distinction between effective, represented, and causally accessible rules to modify its own functioning.
2868h agoNeuromorphic engineering is poised to transform biomedical engineering and neurotechnologies due to its explosive growth over the past four decades.
2868h agoMetric similarity analysis (MSA) compares the intrinsic geometry of neural representations, capturing subtle distinctions between different neural network solutions.
2868h agoInter-level causation mechanism integrates with dual-process theories to provide a unified framework for understanding consciousness, agency, and cognitive functions.
2868h agoNew determinant equalities were obtained for a particular solution of the Volterra chain based on Wronskian formulas.
2868h agoThe probabilistic cellular automaton, defined by two Bernoulli random variables, asymptotically reaches any possible global configuration with a probability that depends on the parameters of the variables, and this probability distribution is independent of the initial conditions.
2868h agoNonlinear oscillators are constructed that are simultaneously integrable and metrisable, leading to families of two-dimensional metrics with arbitrary functions and explicit expressions for geodesics.
2868h agoThe microscopic realization of the frequency distribution plays a crucial role in the collective dynamics of the Kuramoto model, as a deterministic selection of natural frequencies leads to qualitatively different dynamics than random sampling.
2868h agoThe hierarchy of rational solutions of the massive Thirring model describes a nonlinear superposition of N algebraic solitons with identical masses.
2868h agoThe solution of the 2D Kolmogorov flow governed by Navier-Stokes equations keeps the same spatial symmetry as its initial condition for all time.
2868h agoThe vorticity building blocks enable the discovery of explicit smooth solutions that blow up in finite time while a natural weighted energy remains uniformly bounded.
2868h agoA method using a driven Duffing chaotic oscillator identifies weak periodic components in pre-earthquake seismic waveforms, detecting systematic shifts in frequency that may indicate precursory patterns for earthquakes.
2868h agoVortex solitons with tunable shapes form stably in photonic topological insulators with disclinations, enabling disorder-resistant transmission of signals and energy.
2868h agoThe dynamics of power packet networks with routers exhibit a discontinuous phase transition where the system stops regulating energy when noise intensity exceeds a critical threshold, and network topology and coupling strength affect the stability of these systems.
2868h agoFrobenius and Stickelberger derive a determinant formula for elliptic functions, generalising determinants previously derived by Hermite and Kiepert.
2868h agoFluctuating interactions in complex systems can be modeled as uncorrelated colored noise, allowing for the quantification of entropy production rate dependence on disorder characteristics.
2868h agoEnergy relaxation changes the condensation scenario in dissipative exciton-polariton condensates, causing the asymptotic state to evolve from a vortex condensate to a rotating mixed state and then to a ground-state condensate as the pump increases.
2868h agoThe optimal placement of $k$ ordered points on the unit interval changes from collision-free minimizers to endpoint-collapsed minimizers as the parameter $q$ in the pair potential $K_q(d)=e^{-d^q}$ increases past certain critical values.
2868h agoHigh correlations between two time series are often false positives when the series have low complexity, but a joint complexity indicator can help identify genuine correlations.
2868h agoStanding periodic waves modeled by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation have smooth profiles if their frequency is below a limiting frequency, and there are two families of such waves with different stability properties.
2868h agoThe KdV solitons coupled with the ground and excited states of the LS equation form families of solitary waves through a sequence of local bifurcations.
2868h agoSpin reduces chaos in billiard systems by creating islands of regularity, while most trajectories remain chaotic, through a conserved quantity that constrains dynamics on sequences of same-orientation wall collisions.
2868h agoNew Poisson bivectors are presented that are invariant by the flow of the nonholonomic Suslov problem, including two rank four bivectors with globally defined Casimir functions and rank two bivectors with two Casimir functions.
2868h agoHamiltonian systems that satisfy the Lagrange identity have additional tensor invariants beyond the basic ones existing for all Hamiltonian systems.
2868h agoOptical thermodynamics describes a Rayleigh-Jeans modal power distribution in multimoded nonlinear photonic circuits, but a new theory extends this to systems with strong nonlinear mode-mode interactions.
2868h agoA novel 2+1-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation with temporal modulation is introduced, which has integrable Ermakov-Painlev\'e II symmetry reduction and can be used to obtain exact solutions to Stefan-type moving boundary problems.
2868h agoThe Toda lattice model shows that quasiparticles travel with approximately constant velocities at thermal equilibrium.
2868h agoTime-series foundation models often forecast future states of physical systems by simple parroting, and a naive model that copies directly from the context outperforms leading models on predicting diverse dynamical systems.
2868h agoThe dissipation-coherence bound, a tradeoff between entropy production and quality of stochastic oscillations, follows from the thermodynamic uncertainty relation and a simple criterion on phase-current fluctuations.
2868h agoThe modified affine Toda model provides a consistent framework for fermion-soliton interactions, where the fermion-soliton energy is proportional to the soliton's topological charge.
2868h agoA model of bank leverage shows how systemic financial risk can emerge when banks adjust their asset holdings in response to changes in asset prices, creating a feedback loop that can lead to simultaneous failure of multiple financial institutions.
2868h agoA generalized scheme of quantum mechanics connects to Liénard and Levinson-Smith classes of nonlinear systems, with closed form solutions existing for Liénard type systems and solitonic-like solutions emerging for Levinson-Smith equations.
2868h agoA new learning process called Probably Approximately Right (PAR) learning enables training models of physical systems with any dynamics, even when their behavior breaks time reversal symmetry.
2868h agoThe interplay between Anderson localization and non-Hermitian skin effect in hybrid systems leads to a skin-Anderson localization transition, where states transition from boundary-extended to boundary-localized and then to bulk-localized as disorder increases.
2868h agoA controllable topological phase transition between a second-order topological phase and a first-order topological phase is demonstrated in a two-dimensional photonic alloy by tuning the magnetic doping concentration.
2868h agoA novel phase called the skin critical phase is discovered in non-Hermitian lattices, characterized by a macroscopically multifractal distribution of critical eigenstates that accumulate at specific bulk interfaces.
2868h agoTemporal variability in complex systems allows them to remain stable even when their instantaneous interactions would predict instability, improving stability and violating classical complexity-stability bounds.
2868h agoThe study of one-dimensional quasiperiodic many-body localized systems reveals slow dynamics with structured growth of number entropy and quasiparticle width due to modulation of single-particle hopping amplitudes.
2868h agoMacroscopic order regulates local interactions through a feedback mechanism, producing behaviors such as explosive jumps, hybrid transitions, limit-cycle oscillations, and routes to chaos.
2868h agoThe DMRG effective Hamiltonian captures detailed information about dynamics far from equilibrium and can probe quantum thermalization and its breakdown in large systems.
2868h agoThe mean return time of a quantum walk under weak monitoring obeys a scaling relation with respect to the measurement strength.
2868h agoThe onset of the topological giant rigid component coincides with the mechanical Maxwell isostatic point, and a specific topological milestone occurs when the giant rigid component reaches 12.5% of the system.
2868h agoFluctuating interactions in complex systems can be modeled as uncorrelated colored noise, allowing for the quantification of entropy production rate dependence on disorder characteristics.
2868h agoInterlayer exchange drives a sharp transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric staggered charge order in a programmable two-plane kagome spin ice.
2868h agoControlling the degree of delocalization in quantum-enhanced Markov chain Monte Carlo enhances the Markov gap in spin-glass models.
2868h agoA novel computational strategy combines simple models with a new Monte Carlo algorithm to study the glass transition of molecular fluids, achieving a huge sampling speedup and revealing new insights into the equilibrium structure and molecular dynamics.
2868h agoUrban expansion can be modeled using approaches from physics, economics, and geography.
2868h agoA new neural network framework, Fermionic Antisymmetric Spatio-Temporal Network, solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for complex fermionic systems, enabling a unified spatiotemporal representation of antisymmetric wavefunctions and achieving accuracy across various dimensions and interaction regimes.
2868h agoA deep-kernel Gaussian process surrogate model with sparse variational inference achieves accurate spectral-function prediction using only 10% of the available training data, outperforming feed-forward neural networks trained on the same reduced subset.
2868h agoAlmost 50% of high-confidence autism risk genes are epigenetic modifiers that affect sensory biology and development.
2868h agoEarly-life stress reprograms the hippocampal epitranscriptome, leading to memory deficits in adulthood by altering the regulation of protein synthesis.
2868h agoAutomating sleep staging is hard because models trained on data from one lab don't work well on data from other labs, and a study finds that re-training models on diverse data and standardizing scoring guidelines can improve their performance.
2868h agoA new treatment approach called N02C0702 achieves robust pain relief by knocking down the Nav1.7 gene, offering a potential solution for chronic pain.
2868h agoExpressive piano performances in different styles share a common temporal structure, with a low-frequency oscillatory pattern in timing variability, suggesting a shared motor timing control architecture.
2872h agoOpioid exposure during pregnancy delays brain development in infants, leading to smaller brains, neurodevelopmental impairment, and learning disabilities.
2872h agoBrain-computer interfaces that decode finger movements need to generalize across daily life actions, and their accuracy depends on the type of neural features, decoding models, and task structure used.
2872h agoTDP-43 protein mislocalization and aggregation cause cell death and disease spread in ALS, leading to neuron and muscle damage and behavioral deficits.
2872h agoChronic restraint stress in rats increases anxiety-like behaviors in some tests, but the duration of the stress does not affect the results in most tests.
2872h agoMuscle contractions in the arm vary with hand orientation during reach and grasp movements, with different muscle groups showing distinct adaptation patterns and a complex interplay between shoulder, elbow, and hand muscles.
2872h agoBrain aging involves asymmetric remodeling of protein aggregates, with changes in protein stability and accumulation of intermediate-stability aggregates that can contribute to neurodegenerative disease.
2876h agoA memory-augmented graph learning framework accurately classifies adolescent major depressive disorder using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging by balancing individual specificity and population-level generalization.
2876h agoPassive neuromodulation suppresses seizures in two computational models of epileptic dynamics by draining energy from the epileptic circuit.
2876h agoHealthy people trained EEG decoders do not work well when applied directly to stroke patients, but a small amount of calibration data can improve their performance.
2876h agoChronic short sleep disrupts protein processes in the brain, triggers stress and inflammation, and leads to memory deficits in young adult mice.
2876h agoA step-by-step tutorial allows users to reconstruct natural images from brain activity by walking through three stages: predicting image structure, semantic content, and combining both signals through a generative model.
2876h agoNeutralizing SFRP1 with an antibody reduces Alzheimer's disease-like traits in mice, but its effectiveness depends on the disease stage and is limited by low brain exposure and a narrow therapeutic window.
2876h agoReticulospinal tract hyperexcitability after stroke is associated with poorer motor outcomes, including worse motor function, weaker grip strength, and higher spasticity.
2876h agoThe compound 3-monothiopomalidomide reduces alpha-Synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation, protecting neurons and improving motor and cognitive function in a Parkinson's disease model.
2876h agoA method to objectively evaluate and compare preprocessing pipelines enables researchers to select strategies that maximize signal-to-noise ratio while preserving the neural signal, improving EEG study reproducibility and interpretability.
2876h agoSeveral understudied genes linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease causally modulate neuronal aging in a neuron-class-selective manner, often independently of overall lifespan.
2876h agoFemale mice prefer fat over other foods, while male mice prefer a combination of fat and carbohydrates, showing a sex difference in macronutrient preference.
2876h agoRepeated fentanyl injections modulate perineuronal nets and parvalbumin expression in the brain, leading to antinociceptive tolerance in a duration-dependent manner.
2876h agoIonic and electric ephaptic interactions play different roles in neuronal activity, with ionic interactions increasing population firing rates and electric interactions driving subtle shifts in spike timing.
2876h agoThe strength and short-term plasticity of retinogeniculate synapses are inversely correlated, with weak synapses showing facilitation and strong synapses showing depression.
2880h agoRepeated exposure to nicotine dry hit vapor during adolescence changes behavioral responses and alters brain cell structures in rats.
2880h agoPeople with Parkinson's disease perceive effort as greater, which may drive their slower movement, and they do not have reduced sensitivity to rewards or a distorted sense of effort versus reward.
2880h agoPhosphorylation of the Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein at the S655 residue modulates APP-mediated neuronal differentiation by altering its interactions with proteins involved in RNA processing, translation, and cytoskeleton remodeling.
2880h agoAutonomic regulation in older adults is best represented as a multidimensional physiological organization that combines heart rate variability, demographic, anthropometric, and cardiovascular factors.
2880h agoA new real-time TMS-EEG system directly detects oscillatory phase without prediction, allowing for phase-locked stimulation within microseconds and more accurate targeting of brief, event-related brain activity.
2880h agoSeveral AAV serotypes, particularly AAV6, AAV6.2, and AAV2.7m8, show robust and efficient transduction in human iPSC-derived neurons, but their performance and toxicity vary across different neuronal subtypes.
2880h agoSustained non-canonical type 1 interferon signaling within peripheral sensory neurons maintains hypersensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis pain long after inflammation subsides.
2884h agoLesion-network mapping-derived circuits converge across disorders, reflecting a fundamental limitation of the method.
2884h agoMutations in the UBQLN2 protein impair the breakdown of essential enzymes, leading to metabolic problems and neurodegeneration.
2884h agoMeasuring how the gray-white matter boundary on brain scans degrades over time helps predict which people with mild cognitive impairment will develop Alzheimer's disease.
2892h agoObservers are more sensitive to Gaussian noise than to other affine image distortions, and their detection thresholds are correlated with high-frequency components and image statistical likelihood.
2892h agoA new inference framework based on maximum entropy and continuous normalizing flows can identify the distribution of neural connections that are consistent with observed brain activity, rather than a single connectivity matrix.
2892h agoClosed-loop electrical neuromodulation can be made more effective for treating drug-resistant epilepsy by using a simple proportional feedback policy based on passivity-based control.
2892h agoUltraweak photon emission from the head is likely dominated by scalp emission rather than brain emission when detected using current methods.
2892h agoPeople with vivid visual imagery tend to see complex, naturalistic content during Ganzflicker-induced hallucinations, while those with weak imagery see simple geometric patterns.
2892h agoA unified theoretical study finds that two-dimensional superconducting films have a fluctuation-dominated transport and transverse thermoelectric response that exhibits an intrinsic S-shaped nonlinear current-voltage characteristic with a negative-differential segment.
2892h agoThe transient time correlation function method provides improved signal-to-noise ratios for computing non-equilibrium transport quantities in molecular fluids and can be applied to a broad class of nonequilibrium systems to study transient and steady-state responses.
2892h agoThe presence of chaos in classical systems is marked by its maximal Lyapunov exponent, which grows exponentially near unstable fixed points, and this transition from instability to chaos is universal across different systems.
2892h agoLog-gas ensembles with inverse temperature $\beta = L^2$ are governed by a natural momentum grading that determines their statistical observables.
2892h agoRogue waves, extreme nonlinear events, can be controllably generated and studied in ultracold quantum gases, and recent experiments have observed these waves, including the Peregrine soliton.
2892h agoDissipative-soliton resonance appears in normal dispersion due to admissibility constraints, and in anomalous dispersion it requires strong saturable quintic self-phase modulation, with distinct spectral and coherence properties emerging in each case.
2892h agoThe study of shallow-water waves shows that integrable and non-integrable models produce different wave interaction coefficients, leading to distinct wave behaviors.
2892h agoPairs of Hamiltonian operators, composed of a first-order operator and an ultralocal structure, can be classified based on their Casimir functions and compatibility, and this classification relates to Nijenhuis geometry.
2892h agoThe Hausdorff dimension of the frontier of a random walk associated with a chaotic Hamiltonian approaches 4/3, while it equals 1 for quasi-free integrable models.
2892h agoA generalization of the Painlev\'e-II equation to a system of coupled equations with symmetry breaking terms is integrable and has a Lax pair that relates the asymptotic behavior of its solutions.
2892h agoThe non-Hermitian skin effect exhibits multifractal aspects in many-body Hilbert space, with the many-body skin effect showing multifractality that can coexist with random-matrix spectral statistics.
2892h agoVacancy defects in a 2D geometrically frustrated magnet cause a peak in the heat capacity at a temperature determined by the concentration of the defects.
2892h agoThe non-local q-color Potts model on a random 2D lattice shows that only same-color spins at a unit distance interact, and this interaction produces specific patterns with qualitative features that may relate to the chromatic number of a plane.
2892h agoMicroglia are required for NGF signaling and play a key role in NGF-dependent neuroprotection in the retina.
2892h agoSpiral ganglion neurons express high levels of the ADARB1 enzyme, which can be used as a reliable marker for automated counting of these neurons in the inner ear.
2892h agoA high-fat diet disrupts glucose regulation by damaging neurons in the brain that sense glucose, and this damage is caused by a decrease in a specific signaling pathway involving RSPO1.
2900h agoResting-state fMRI data are weakly non-Gaussian and non-stationary, properties that allow topological data analysis and innovation-driven coactivation pattern analysis to distinguish them from random surrogates.
2912h agoArousal and valence are represented throughout the brain, including in the cerebellum and brainstem, and can be decoded from whole-brain task-fMRI data using patterns of activation.
2912h agoSensorimotor cognitive maps emerge from dynamic interactions between motor and mnemonic systems and are shaped by individual differences during learning and execution of movement.
2912h agoHuman-dog interaction promotes recovery from acute stress by reducing heart rate, stress hormones, and brain activity, with direct interaction having a more pronounced effect.
2912h agoTRPV channels in octopuses work as polymodal nociceptors that detect painful stimuli and may play a key role in the animal's pain response.
2924h agoOxytocin helps mice groom distressed companions by activating a specific brain circuit that reduces anxiety and promotes helping behavior.
2932h agoThe hippocampus stabilizes its spatial maps during learning, while the prefrontal cortex maintains a flexible representation that facilitates the extraction of abstract task structure and rapid adaptation.
2932h agoThe brain predicts and adjusts to visual information at multiple levels of abstraction during natural scene viewing, with more predictable inputs leading to weaker responses in the visual cortex.
2932h agoA wireless system with a neural decoder enables simultaneous neural monitoring and optogenetic stimulation in freely moving animals, achieving accuracy comparable to more complex systems.
2932h agoPlay is associated with stronger connections among brain networks linked to creativity, and children who play more frequently have greater integration among these networks.
2932h agoGlutamate co-release from catecholaminergic neurons modulates breathing patterns in a state-dependent manner and is selectively inhibited by opioids.
2932h agoReciprocal inhibition, supported by modulatory signaling, is a core circuit mechanism that dynamically stabilizes persistent neural representations in working memory.
2932h agoAdolescent brain maturation shifts the balance between excitation and inhibition, moving brains closer to criticality, where they become more adaptable and able to transmit information effectively.
2932h agoThe ventrolateral prefrontal cortex processes visual information in two stages, first encoding low spatial frequency components of an image to form a coarse estimate of an object's position and category, and then maintaining a detailed representation of the visual scene.
2932h agoDynamic competition for limited working memory resources affects retention in long-term memory, with items de-prioritized during working memory maintenance more likely to be forgotten.
2932h agoThe brain uses a similar neural code to represent the order of movements and sounds, with a primacy gradient that reflects the ordinal position of each item in the sequence.
2932h agoRoutines are disrupted by frequent switches between tasks, which reduces sensitivity to the odds of success for completing a task.
2932h agoThe paratenial thalamus (PT) is a distinct thalamic nucleus with thalamocortical cells that project to the medial prefrontal cortex and receive reciprocal connections, allowing the cortex to broadcast to the subcortex.
2932h agoFemale rats show enhanced endocannabinoid regulation of cocaine-evoked dopamine signaling, with greater sensitivity to cannabinoid type 1 receptor regulation and increased dopamine release when not in estrous cycle.
2936h agoTransformer-based language models reflect meaningful variation in aphasic discourse and can distinguish between different types of aphasia and changes over time.
2936h agoMice inoculated with prions that received a gene therapy with a protective virus encoding a mutated prion protein survived about 50 days longer than unprotected mice.
2940h agoHerpes simplex virus infection increases the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by triggering TDP-43 pathology through a molecular mechanism involving disturbance of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies.
2940h agoPostnatal Zika virus infection disrupts the development of sensory, social, and emotion-regulatory systems and cerebrospinal fluid function in infant rhesus macaques.
2940h agoGenetic variants associated with several neurodegenerative diseases converge on altered DNA methylation and expression of the myelin oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP) gene, with MOBP dysregulation emerging as a shared feature of neurodegeneration.
2944h agoThe goldfish pallium contains distinct, spatially organized sensory representations for different senses, including somatosensory, auditory, gustatory, and visual, with a refined internal functional architecture.
2944h agoThe automated method, called RMT-Finder, reliably and quickly determines the Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) studies, producing results equivalent to manual measurements.
2944h agoDensity functional theory is entering a period of rapid advancement, enabled by emerging schemes, richer descriptors, machine learning, and broader datasets.
2948h agoSubmitting an appeal regarding an editorial decision requires a considerable investment of time and effort from authors.
2948h agoPheromone-sensitive olfactory receptor neurons have their ability to encode pheromone signals disrupted by certain volatile plant compounds, which can alter spike timing and reduce coding performance.
2948h agoAge-related hearing loss in older monkeys causes cochlear degeneration, auditory problems, and impairments in visual working memory, suggesting a link between hearing and cognitive decline.
2948h agoCognitive processes operate across a hierarchy of timescales, manifesting as rapid neural transients and slower physiological mechanisms, and a new generative framework called DCM-SR models these dynamics by capturing how neural parameters evolve over time and influence each other.
2948h agoCross-participant modeling framework allows accurate cortical mapping with much less brain response data from a new participant.
2948h agoChanges in brain connectivity after non-invasive stimulation do not relate to changes in response inhibition.
2948h agoMetacognitive evaluation requires a distinct neural process that integrates information from multiple frequency bands, rather than simply reading out performance signals.
2948h agoDisruption of a specific brain network, including posterior midline hubs and brainstem and anterior midline regions, alters a person's capacity for self-transcendence, which is the ability to focus on others, nature, or broader meaning.
2948h agoCell identity determines how cells respond to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signals, with the same receptor profiles yielding different signaling responses in distinct cell types.
2948h agoA high-fat diet changes brain activity differently in males and females, with the somatosensory cortex playing a key role in regulating palatable food consumption in a sex-specific way.
2948h agoConsciousness arises when fractal compression of sensory information generates a holographic endospace that allows the Self to perceive and control the outer world and its molecular substrate.
2948h agoPsilocybin reduces responses to aversive stimuli and established aversive-associated tones in the auditory cortex, while increasing coordination across tone-responsive neurons and later reducing it among neurons encoding the aversive-associated tone.
2948h agoAxon bundles in the brain have stable radius distributions, which allows 2D histology to accurately represent them and predict conduction velocity, despite individual axons having varying radii along their length.
2948h agoNeuromuscular reflexes to sensory input vary by motor unit and are shaped by motor neuron characteristics, including force level, recruitment threshold, and contraction intensity.
2948h agoNormal aging increases neuroinflammatory signaling and microglial activation in the dorsal striatum, but surprisingly, perineuronal net homeostasis remains largely preserved.
2948h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex helps generate precise time intervals, while the anterior cingulate cortex evaluates errors and confidence in time production.
2948h agoTruncated isoforms of monoamine transporters, such as the NET-derived isoform A0A804HLI4, act as potential inhibitors by forming stable complexes with canonical transporters, disrupting their normal function and potentially downregulating synaptic reuptake capacity.
2948h agoSaccades cause both increased sound power and phase resetting in the 30-45 Hz frequency band, which contribute to the pulse-like eye movement-related eardrum oscillations.
2948h agoIntrinsic theta phase organizes sensory gain and behavior in humans, with distinct neural processes controlling leftward and rightward attention, leading to behavioral asymmetry.
2948h agoIron overload increases amyloid beta 42 toxicity at low temperatures and worsens mitochondrial dysfunction in worms that overexpress amyloid beta 42.
2948h agoAge-related changes in the way people walk contribute to declining navigation abilities, with older adults showing a faster accumulation of navigation errors and a greater reliance on visual landmarks.
2948h agoMice with hypersensitive 2 nAChRs have increased brain glucose metabolism, while those without the 2-subunit have decreased brain glucose metabolism and altered brown adipose tissue glucose metabolism compared to controls.
2948h agoKetone body metabolism is essential for maximum energy production, neuronal function, and survival in the brain, even under normal nutritional conditions.
2948h agoThe brain can build internal experiences, such as memories and imaginations, without visual images, by using different mental resources.
2948h agoThe brain generates flexible cognitive states by retiming the flow of signals across a stable network architecture, rather than by reconfiguring the architecture itself.
2948h agoIndividual differences in early language development are reflected in growth of gray matter in the brain's executive functions network, particularly in the right superior frontal gyrus.
2948h agoSevere hypoglycemia damages a specific brain region, the retrosplenial cortex, through a cycle of neuron and microglia interaction, leading to cognitive decline.
2948h agoSpinal muscular atrophy astrocytes have intrinsic defects in filopodia actin, which correlates with decreased synapse function and number, but SMN1 gene therapy and forskolin treatment can improve motor neuron synapse formation and function.
2948h agoThe dentate gyrus learns to integrate olfactory and spatial signals from the entorhinal cortex, transforming them into sparse and highly specific representations that improve with experience.
2956h agoLarger foundation models pretrained with more diverse data improve the accuracy of predictions in network biology, and quantization enables efficient predictions while preserving biological knowledge.
2956h agoHorusEye, a foundation model for X-ray tomography restoration, learns realistic degradation from data and enables imaging at lower doses with reduced hardware requirements, while improving expert analysis and AI performance.
2956h agoThe DIANA pipeline provides fully automated analysis of long-read whole-genome sequencing data to support CNS tumor diagnostics by combining methylation classification with prioritized genetic variants.
2956h agoInhibiting Nav1.7 channels in human pain-sensing neurons causes a substantial shift in action potential threshold, increases the refractory period, and slightly reduces action potential peak, but has little effect on repetitive firing.
2960h agoStochastic transmitter release from presynaptic neurons modulates postsynaptic firing frequencies, and analysis of inter-spike interval statistics reveals parameter regimes driving precision in postsynaptic action potential timing.
2960h agoSpatialization in working memory uses similar frontoparietal networks for both visual and auditory information, but shows modality-specific patterns in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior intraparietal sulcus, and posterior hippocampus.
2960h agoSimultaneous wide-field calcium imaging and fMRI shows that brain activity waves detected by fMRI are correlated with preceding slow waves of neural activity.
2960h agoHearing loss and a genetic risk factor for psychosis both impair auditory cortical temporal acuity, but they affect the brain's neural activity in distinct ways.
2960h agoDeaf individuals have different visual processing abilities than hearing individuals, with reduced sensitivity to dynamic emotional expressions and global motion, preserved sensitivity to facial identity and static expressions, and enhanced ability to categorize facial speech.
2960h agoLow-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) corrects age-related abnormalities in the cerebellum and improves spatial memory in mice.
2960h agoObserving others' behavior influences decision-making by increasing trust and prompting behavioral changes through neural structures including the orbitofrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex.
2960h agoGene replacement therapy restores brain function and increases survival in a mouse model of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) by reducing toxic neurotransmitter levels.
2960h agoIntervertebral disc injury leads to localized neuromuscular adaptations, including increased muscle activation and variability, but does not disrupt overall locomotor patterns.
2960h agoA mismatch between sensory input and behavioral output acts as error-correcting redundancy, which helps protect against cognitive decline by delaying the point at which progressive neuronal loss leads to cognitive failure.
2960h agoBodily states modulate perceptual inference through precision-weighting, where internal bodily states adjust the brain's sensitivity to sensory information, and this process is primarily controlled by local inhibitory mechanisms in the cortex.
2960h agoThe vestibular system's anti-gravity responses, including the tail-lift reflex and air-righting reflex, mainly depend on the function of type I sensory hair cells, but the specific hair cells involved vary by reflex and ear region.
2960h agoSleep deprivation disrupts memory processes by altering brain networks beyond the hippocampus, but memories can be recovered by boosting cGMP signaling with vardenafil and stimulating engram cells.
2960h agoEvent-Related Warping (ERW) aligns template functions to correct for temporal variability in sequential experimental designs, preserving inter-channel timing relationships and allowing for coherent response recovery.
2960h agoReward reduces motor slowing caused by repeated movements, allowing people to maintain movement speed by investing more physical effort.
2960h agoEnvironmental olfactory exposures drive changes to multiple cell types in the main olfactory epithelium, including olfactory sensory neurons, support cells, and immune cells.
2960h agoA new approach called MSFL combines amplitude and phase information of brain signals to better detect brain disorders, outperforming existing models in classifying autism spectrum disorder and major depressive disorder.
2964h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is formalized as a ratio between system size and connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, enabling a system's capacity for change to be quantified.
2964h agoThe laws of motion governing classical gravitation and Coulomb forces optimize relative motion and quasi-circular orbits, as indicated by a reward function inferred from the dynamics of the observed system.
2964h agoHigh-resolution brain imaging can now map molecular composition of synapses, and this data can be translated into local neuronal physiology using a new concept called an ultrastructure-to-dynamics compiler.
2964h agoMathematical analysis alongside computational simulation can push attitude theory further by providing precise, quantitative theoretical predictions.
2964h agoA new framework proposes that biological neural networks maximize correlative information between layer activations, providing a more biologically realistic alternative to traditional artificial neural networks and the backpropagation algorithm.
2964h agoA novel solution method based on convex relaxation and optimization effectively fits reinforcement learning models to behavioral data in multi-armed bandit environments, achieving comparable performance to the state-of-the-art while reducing computation time.
2964h agoThe Lyness mapping can be deautonomised for arbitrary order N when its derivative form is used, but only the N=2 case can be deautonomised in its standard form.
2964h agoNovikov algebras of Stäckel type lead to evolutionary soliton hierarchies, including coupled Korteweg-de Vries and Harry Dym hierarchies, through centrally extended Hamiltonian operators.
2964h agoConservative interaction between phase oscillators occurs when the phase volume is conserved, and this happens under a general condition based on a pair-Hamiltonian for pairwise couplings.
2964h agoTrajectory-based information entropy can provide a useful diagnostic of chaos in gravitational systems, complementing the largest Lyapunov exponent, and may better capture changes in global phase-space mixing.
2964h agoAI safety depends on penalties for unsafe behaviour, low-cost monitoring, and transparency, and user trust and developer choices co-evolve to result in one of three possible outcomes: no adoption, unsafe but widely adopted systems, or safe and widely adopted systems.
2964h agoPushed fronts that create periodic patterns by invading an unstable state are nonlinearly stable and attract initial data supported on a half-line, determining propagation speeds and wave numbers for invasion.
2964h agoOkounkov's formula relating GUE correlators to Witten's intersection numbers leads to a new proof that Witten's intersection numbers are connected to the KdV integrable hierarchy.
2964h agoRepulsive three-body interactions support stable vortex-antivortex pair formation, while attractive three-body interactions trigger snake instability and boundary-driven vortex disintegration in exciton-polariton condensates.
2964h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is formalized as a ratio between system size and connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, enabling a system's capacity for change to be quantified.
2964h agoQuantum and stochastic deformations of the rule-54 reversible cellular automaton have an infinite tower of mutually commuting conserved charges, and a non-equilibrium steady state can be constructed for the stochastic deformation with open boundary conditions.
2964h agoA novel Physics-Spatiotemporal Masked Autoencoder method accurately predicts high-dimensional dynamical systems with irregular time steps by integrating spatial feature extraction and masked autoencoders.
2964h agoThe study examines a system of two cubic reaction-diffusion equations for gene frequencies in population dynamics and identifies all possible symmetries, constructing a wide range of new exact solutions.
2964h agoCalculating the Lyapunov exponent can effectively quantify the complexity of cardiac systems and help understand the onset of rhythm disorders.
2964h agoA novel machine learning approach learns a surrogate dynamical system that accurately evolves Lagrangian trajectories in turbulence, reproducing short-term and long-term statistical behavior.
2964h agoConstrained instantons provide a method for computing the vacuum decay rate in theories where no saddle point exists, and applying this approach to a massive scalar field theory reveals a two-branch structure of solutions.
2964h agoThe quantum XXZ spin-1/2 chain has non-Gaussian spin current fluctuations in the easy-axis anisotropy regime, with a nested Gaussian distribution that relates to the spin diffusion constant and static spin susceptibility.
2964h agoThe proposed algorithm provides a noise-robust framework for discovering stochastic differential equations by converting the identification problem into two linear sparse identification problems.
2964h agoThe symmetric binary Perceptron problem turns into a solvable inference problem when framed as a teacher-student formulation, allowing for a guaranteed solution at any sample density.
2964h agoThe complexity of quantum states in Krylov space sharply distinguishes between ergodic and many-body localised phases, with complexity scaling linearly with Fock-space dimension in ergodic phases and sublinearly in many-body localised phases.
2964h agoMulti-agent systems powered by large language models reach consensus through mutual learning, where agents' arbitrary choices can compound and shape the outcome through a process called memetic drift.
2964h agoHigh nitrogen content in metallic molybdenum nitrides induces a transition from metal to semimetal at the two-dimensional limit.
2964h agoPlasticity, a fundamental property of complex systems, is formalized as a ratio between system size and connectivity strength, and it has an optimal range that balances change and coherence, enabling a system's capacity for change to be quantified.
2964h agoModern neural networks can learn underlying rules and memorize specific facts or exceptions simultaneously because their overparameterization allows them to allocate excess capacity to support both memorization and rule learning.
2964h agoThe surface code's threshold under coherent errors depends on the decoding method, with optimal decoding preventing a "thermal-metal" phase that can occur with suboptimal decoding.
2964h agoA magnetic field enhances the crossover from Anderson localization to the non-Hermitian skin effect in disordered one-dimensional spinful non-Hermitian systems, facilitating Anderson delocalization even in strongly disordered systems.
2964h agoThe boson-fermion coupling enhances the stability of the quantum spin-glass phase and strongly modifies the dynamics of both bosons and fermions.
2964h agoThe non-Hermitian mosaic Maryland model has kappa-1 robust extended bands that persist for modulation periods kappa >= 2, regardless of potential strength and non-Hermiticity.
2964h agoLocal measurements can generate volume-law entangled states in a system without intrinsic unitary dynamics through non-commuting measurements.
2964h agoFIRE-Swap predicts a rock-salt-like chemical order in relaxor lead magnesium niobate (PMN), which is absent in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead strontium titanate (PST), and identifies interconnected polar nanoregions within Nb clusters that explain relaxor ferroelectricity.
2964h agoMilk protein intake helps reduce physiological fatigue and improves cognitive performance during prolonged esports play.
2964h agoEEG-SSFormer, a new state space model based architecture, accurately classifies mild cognitive impairment and dementia from normal controls using raw resting-state electroencephalography signals.
2964h agoAcute hypoxic exposure impairs olfactory function in adult zebrafish by causing neurodegeneration and inflammation in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, but function recovers within 5 days as morphology is restored and supported by a strong proliferative response.
2964h agoNeurosteroids can now be delivered with receptor-level and cell-type specificity using a new DART platform, allowing for selective modulation of GABAA receptor signaling in defined neuronal populations.
2964h agoThe electrical conductivity of cortical gray matter varies at small scales, with mesoscale maps revealing pronounced conductivity granularity at 50-100 m scales and significant variations in both radial and tangential directions.
2964h agoThe gene UBE3A controls the development of brain connections and their function, and its defects lead to changes in brain activity and the neurodevelopmental disorder Angelman syndrome.
2964h agoMutations in ANXA11 cause neurodegenerative diseases by forming amyloid fibrils that induce TDP-43 abnormalities, disrupt nucleocytoplasmic transport, and lead to neuronal toxicity.
2964h agoEarly monocyte IL-1β signalling regulates downstream T cell infiltration and effector function after traumatic brain injury, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome improves motor and cognitive function recovery.
2964h agoCajal-Retzius neurons play a crucial role in the maturation of hippocampal sub-circuits, particularly in the development of superficial CA1 pyramidal cells' spatial representation and intrinsic firing properties.
2976h agoChildren who stutter have four distinct subtypes of brain atypicalities that are associated with different stuttering severity and recovery rates.
2976h agoSingle-cell proteomics reveals that nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of PC12 cells leads to clear separation between undifferentiated and treated cells, and identifies distinct subpopulations with different protein expression patterns.
2976h agoPrecise topography of hippocampal circuits shapes the spatial coding and stability of subicular networks.
2976h agoThe cerebellum's organization and connectivity with other brain areas are influenced by serotonin and dopamine systems, which predict how well people adapt to new motor tasks under reward and punishment.
2976h agoNorepinephrine and the state of arousal influence hemodynamic correlations across the cerebral cortex, requiring a new approach to interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
2980h agoA new method of stimulus generation that assumes sparse representation improves the efficiency and interpretability of reverse correlation, a technique for understanding subjective preferences, by reducing the number of trials needed and making stimuli easier to understand.
2980h agoMaternal neuroticism predicts increased interpersonal neural synchrony between mothers and children, especially during passive and free interactions, suggesting that heightened neural synchrony may reflect over-attunement in anxious caregivers.
2980h agoDifferences in a type of brain receptor, GABRA5, in certain parts of the brain determine the speed and accuracy of visual perceptual learning.
2980h agoLower LACTB expression in myeloid cells reduces Alzheimer's Disease risk by increasing levels of succinylcarnitine and altering cellular functions.
2980h agoAuditory attention reorganizes the temporal alignment of entrained neural activity across cortical networks, enabling the selection of relevant sounds in dynamic environments.
2980h agoDopamine and ATP transmission are tightly coupled in the nucleus accumbens core, with manipulations that increase dopamine transmission also increasing ATP transmission, and sharing common regulatory mechanisms, but with a secondary source of ATP release independent of dopamine terminals.
2984h agoEEG features beyond spectral power help predict cognitive and clinical outcomes in adults with a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with different working memory tasks relating to distinct neural processes and predicting different outcomes.
2984h agoHuman brain assembloids with a disease-causing variant have a "hub-like" network topology that is more interconnected and prone to hypersynchrony, which can be used to distinguish them from healthy controls.
2984h agoThe primary somatosensory cortex in humans shows functional patterns consistent with columnar organisation, where neurons with similar properties are arranged vertically.
2984h agoEnhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis through genetic expansion of neural stem cells partially rescues hippocampal-specific cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease.
2984h agoThe human brain has a basic organizational structure present at birth, with sensory and cognitive patterns similar to those in adults, and specific metrics that can measure brain maturity and the effects of prematurity.
2984h agoThe thalamus plays a central role in the development and organisation of the cortex, with the maturation rates of thalamic nuclei and the timing and spatial distribution of thalamocortical innervation influencing the formation of cortical networks during gestation.
2984h agoDopamine directly modulates conditioned responding in addition to its role in learning.
2984h agoThe retrieval state, a brain state engaged when attempting to retrieve the past, reflects a domain-general internal attention process that supports both episodic and semantic memory.
2984h agoWhite matter in children's brains develops at different rates in different areas, following specific patterns that support the emergence of cognitive and socioemotional functions.
2984h agoThe mammalian motor cortex uses a high-dimensional computational method to control complex movements, such as bat flight, by coordinating individual neurons with mixed selectivity for specific flight kinematics.
2984h agoRepeated inputs are filtered through two forms of plasticity: rapid adaptation over seconds and experience-driven learning over days, which interact within cortical circuits to change how brain cells respond to familiar and rewarding stimuli.
2984h agoEye movement signals can reach the ear and produce audible sounds when there is an abnormality in the tensor tympani muscle, leading to functional consequences for auditory perception.
2984h agoThe human language network develops in three stages: early localization, a distributed state during adolescence, and refined localization in adulthood.
2984h agoA confidence-modulated shared-control framework balances stabilization and responsiveness in brain-computer interfaces by integrating decoded neural commands with a temporal prior.
2984h agoOlder adults' spatial memory declines because of cognitive and neural factors that affect their ability to process spatial environments, regardless of whether they are viewed from the same or different perspectives.
2984h agoThe unique hues of red, green, blue, and yellow directly connect to the statistics of the natural visual environment.
2988h agoA Riemannian metric on three-dimensional color space is derived from neural population codes in the visual pathway, producing a 17-parameter model that fits four independent datasets on color perception.
2988h agoA new EEG-conditioned framework successfully reconstructs dynamic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sequences with high spatial fidelity and strong temporal coherence from electroencephalography (EEG) data.
2988h agoIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder show unusual patterns of eye movements, with 39% of them having atypical oculomotor control compared to 5% of typically developed individuals.
2988h agoKINESIS, a model-free motion imitation framework, learns to generate human-like movement by imitating locomotion patterns and achieves strong performance on unseen trajectories and various tasks.
2988h agoThe Chen-Lee-Liu model's positive and negative flows, including Burgers hierarchy, are formulated using Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff decomposition, and soliton solutions are classified and obtained through a dressing method and vertex operators.
2988h agoPassive diffusive coupling between layers of plankton communities induces synchronized spatial patterns and enhances their stability against environmental noise.
2988h agoNonlocal coupling controls the collective noise-induced dynamics of non-excitable oscillators in coherence resonance by enhancing the effect as the coupling radius increases.
2988h agoThe robustness of higher-order networks is generically ill-defined when quantified by the instantaneous smallest positive eigenvalue of the Hodge 1-Laplacian under simplex deletion, but a branch-consistent functional robustness can be defined by fixing the first nonharmonic branch and following it throughout the damage process.
2988h agoPretrained language models exhibit reasoning capabilities at inference time when trained at self-organized criticality, with better reasoning linked to an order parameter close to zero.
2988h agoThe intervention of a large language model does not increase the performance susceptibility of a strategy set with respect to budget when computational resources are sufficiently large.
2988h agoThe model shows that protein concentrations near membranes with different lipids exhibit oscillatory phase separation, while lipid dynamics undergo classical phase separation, leading to multiscale patterns with traveling protein domains and stationary lipid domains.
2988h agoGenerative AI can fabricate fictitious case law, statutes, and judicial holdings that appear authentic, posing a risk to attorneys and courts.
2988h agoA new method based on spectral visibility graphs provides early warnings for both primary and secondary bifurcations that lead to oscillatory instabilities in engineering systems.
2988h agoThe system of linear oscillators coupled by social network links exhibits chaotic dynamics that leads to a distribution of energy or wealth similar to the wealth inequality seen in the world, where a small portion of the population holds a large portion of the wealth.
2988h agoPublic opinion and individual willingness to vaccinate play a crucial role in controlling infectious diseases, with stronger local risk perception promoting pro-vaccination opinions and suppressing infection, while peer influence can lead to higher long-term infection levels.
2988h agoThe location of Hopf and Bogdanov--Takens bifurcations in planar predator--prey systems is governed by a geometric principle where the prey coordinate of any coexistence equilibrium lies between consecutive critical points of the prey nullcline.
2988h agoThe study establishes nonlinear stability results for fronts that create periodic patterns through the invasion of an unstable state in reaction-diffusion systems.
2988h agoThe sensitivity of individuals to strategy performance and the strategies themselves co-evolve, with the outcome depending on the type of interaction and learning rule used.
2988h agoBoolForge is a Python toolbox that generates and analyzes Boolean functions and networks with prescribed canalization properties, enabling controlled investigations of structure-dynamics relationships.
2988h agoThe study discovers two-parameter families of matrix product operators that commute with the Heisenberg spin chain Hamiltonian for various anisotropies.
2988h agoThe quantum XXZ spin-1/2 chain has non-Gaussian spin current fluctuations in the easy-axis anisotropy regime, with a nested Gaussian distribution of typical spin-current fluctuations characterized by its variance related to the spin diffusion constant and static spin susceptibility.
2988h agoA formulation of an optimal control problem helps achieve a desired circulation in a two-dimensional diffusion process while speeding up convergence to a stationary distribution.
2988h agoHierarchical crack patterns in drying thin films have a specific morphology that can be analyzed using graph theory and image processing, with a simulation model best reproducing the patterns' key features.
2988h agoQuantum annealing performs well in finding low-energy states in spin-glass models, and it can locate these states faster than classical annealing algorithms.
2988h agoMachine learning estimates the ground-state energy of quantum Hamiltonians by applying data-driven Koopman analysis within the framework of variational wave functions.
2988h agoA deep reinforcement learning approach identifies advanced magnetic-field-temperature paths that create stable magnetic skyrmions with longer lifetimes in Fe3GeTe2 monolayers.
2988h agoQuantum magnets in certain materials exhibit a quantum-driven transition at specific critical points, where quantum fluctuations destroy approximately 55% of the classical ferromagnetic stability window.
2988h agoA new zero-temperature fixed-point associated with the spin glass transition in a field is found in dimensions below 8, with three independent critical exponents and a correction-to-scaling exponent computed.
2988h agoDisorder causes a transition between a skin effect phase, where charges cluster at a boundary, and a many-body localized phase, where charges localize at random positions, in systems that conserve a U(1) charge, but the non-Hermitian skin effect remains stable to arbitrary disorder when dipoles or higher multipoles are conserved.
2988h agoNeural networks with large but limited width can be theoretically characterized, and their generalization performance can be predicted using closed-form expressions based on a few key parameters.
2988h agoThe mixed-field quantum Ising model on Erdős-Rényi graphs exhibits a crossover from a localized regime to a chaotic regime to an integrable limit as graph connectivity increases.
2988h agoA microscopic theory of disordered electrons covers both the metallic phase with extended waves and the localized phase where particles form bound states.
2988h agoCritical states, which exhibit properties between extended and localized states, are experimentally realized through a rigorous mechanism in a quantum system.
2988h agoFlat bands offer a platform for enhanced light-matter interactions, and their interaction with a two-level emitter results in Rabi oscillations with a lifted photonic mode that remains protected against structural fluctuations.
2988h agoNeural quantum states with a limited number of nonlinearities have an entanglement entropy bound that grows logarithmically with the number of spins.
2988h agoA multilayer perceptron correctly identifies critical temperatures of 2D antiferromagnetic q-state Potts models with q=2,3,4,5,6 on a square lattice, even though it was not trained on these models.
2988h agoSingle-nucleotide variants in the promoters of NMNAT2 and SARM1 genes modify their transcription levels, potentially increasing susceptibility to programmed axon death.
2988h agoThe brain combines sensory input with prior expectations first, and then prioritizes surprising information, to enable efficient recognition and model updating.
2988h agoAn unsupervised reconstruction-based objective best explains the neural tuning properties of MSTd, a brain area involved in self-motion perception, rather than a supervised task optimization.
2988h agoHyperactive homeostatic mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) counteract the suppressive effects of riluzole, a commonly prescribed therapy for the disease.
2988h agoCombining botulinum neurotoxin type A with electrical muscle stimulation restores hindlimb motor function and reduces neuropathic pain in chronic spinal cord injury.
2988h agoThe dendritic membrane-associated periodic skeleton is made of a dual system of beta-spectrin proteins that are co-expressed and interleaved at the nanoscale, providing structural redundancy and paralogue-specific regulatory mechanisms.
2988h agoShort-term exposure to particulate matter predicts poorer cognitive performance, including executive control and attention, in healthy young adults.
2988h agoMueller glia interact with growing blood vessels in the retina through a process that is independent of neuronal activity, and this interaction may provide important cues for the development of the retinal blood vessels.
2988h agoOverexpressing BiP reduces ER stress, improves memory, and decreases Alzheimer's disease-related molecular pathology in a mouse model.
2988h agoAuditory-motor learning is fast and context-sensitive, shaped by both short-term adaptation to changing sound patterns and long-term experience from targeted training.
2992h agoThe brain's long-range feedback connections play a crucial role in resolving visual ambiguity by transmitting abstract information from the prefrontal cortex to the temporal cortex, guiding the neural dynamics to reconstruct missing features.
2992h agoWorse vestibular function in patients with vestibular schwannomas associates with fewer sensory hair cells and more damaged nerve endings in the inner ear, and also relates to age.
2992h agoA computational framework called FLIKS simulates how signaling molecules interact with fluorescent sensors, allowing for accurate interpretation of images and providing a quantitative basis for analyzing sensor data.
2992h agoThe WTR toolkit enables labeling, recording, and manipulation of downstream neurons, and was used to characterize differential actions of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in thermoregulation and stress responses.
2992h agoA novel framework that analyzes EEG synchronizations evoked by olfactory stimuli accurately diagnoses early Alzheimer's disease by identifying key timings and synchronization values.
2992h agoThe relationship between neural connections, neural activity, and behavior is understood by using a computer model of the worm's brain, which shows that different behaviors are generated by either separate or connected groups of neurons.
2992h agoMuller glia in the vertebrate retina are partitioned into three distinct subpopulations that persist from early development into adulthood, each with unique functions and characteristics.
2992h agoMotor control involves a superposition of fast random walk and slow drifts within and outside the solution space during multi-finger force production, with visual feedback playing a crucial role in structuring performance stability.
2992h agoElectrical perturbation of the human brain reveals that cross-scale principles govern reorganization, linking molecular, cellular, and network-level constraints to behavioral adaptation.
2992h agoDelusions arise as an adaptive consequence of generative models learned under atypical conditions, not from faulty inference, and are maintained through a reorganisation of the model relating observed events to hidden causes.
2992h agoSynThIA, a new software pipeline, accurately quantifies synapses, including multi-partite synapses, by analysing up to four markers, providing detailed measurements of synaptic composition and distribution.
2992h agoPathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene cause Wolfram syndrome, which leads to progressive synaptic alterations in the retina, driven by early presynaptic compartment failure, resulting in vision loss.
2992h agoA new message-passing mechanism allows a neural network to incorporate structural connectivity, enabling accurate brain decoding and network-level interpretation from limited data.
2992h agoMucin-targeted delivery vehicles called GlycoShuttles enable efficient transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier into brain cells, facilitating treatment of central nervous system diseases.
2992h agoGlial coverage area ratio correlates with visual function, including visual acuity and contrast threshold, as strongly as traditional axon count.
3000h agoDopamine promotes reinforcement learning or movement vigor depending on its relative timing with acetylcholine release in the striatum.
3004h agoNeMO Analytics provides a collection of public brain data that helps biologists explore hundreds of datasets and gain insights into brain development.
3004h agoPeople's aesthetic preferences are consistent across different domains, and an abstract mechanism drives their aesthetic evaluation rather than the specific stimuli they are evaluating.
3004h agoTranscranial focused ultrasound exerts bidirectional modulation of a sensory pathway, exciting or inhibiting responses to tactile stimulation depending on the stimulation parameters, by activating or deactivating specific neurons.
3004h agoNeural synchronization to phrases and sentences, but not syllables, is resilient to naturalistic variations in speech rhythm, suggesting that linguistic structure processing is fundamentally distinct from acoustic processing.
3004h agoConvolutional neural networks can develop a joint code that extracts both object identity and continuous variables like position and size from a single visual representation.
3004h agoWhite matter microstructure, specifically myelin and axonal diameter, shapes large-scale brain communication and functional connectivity, with myelin influencing long-range communication and axonal diameter influencing short-range communication.
3004h agoNeural sources in the brain's frontal and temporal lobes respond differently when producing syllables at word boundaries compared to within words.
3004h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area form a circuit with distinct subpopulations of VTA neurons that are connected in different ways, and stress causes sex-dependent changes in their activity and organization.
3004h agoOligodendrocyte precursor cells receive direct inputs from neurons that release the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide, and this communication may play a role in chronic pain and stress conditions.
3004h agoCannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) signaling in the anterior insular cortex regulates social behavior, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders.
3004h agoGFAP and Vimentin proteins contribute to astrocyte dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease by regulating astrocyte protein synthesis.
3004h agoRight-hemispheric brain circuits can support language processing through organised activity at the level of single neurons, even in individuals with severe language impairments caused by left-hemispheric brain damage.
3004h agoMotor neuron pools in the spine integrate and transmit high-frequency inputs in a nonlinear way, with different subpopulations exhibiting frequency-dependent synchronization, or entrainment, that is masked when the pool is analyzed as a whole.
3004h agoMitochondria interact with autophagosomes through a new type of contact that is disrupted in tauopathy neurons, leading to impaired autophagic cargo clearance and increased tau burden.
3004h agoThe human brain represents the meaning of abstract number symbols, including fractions and integers, in a joint semantic map that organizes them by numerical magnitude.
3004h agoBrain functional connectivity changes in neurological diseases can be represented as paths between points in a brain space, where each point represents a brain functional state.
3012h agoEEG signals can be modeled as projections of a complex wave-like representation constrained by an effective boundary, with signal amplitude following a scaling relation and spectral entropy linked to observable neural oscillations.
3012h agoA new algorithm called Astro-BEATS detects miniature synaptic calcium transients in fluorescence microscopy by leveraging techniques from astronomical transient detection.
3012h agoNew digital therapy prototypes, designed to reflect local linguistic diversity and enhance patient engagement, can help improve aphasia rehabilitation by complementing conventional therapy and broadening access to it.
3012h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder have highly individual patterns of atypical eye movements that are not shown in group averages.
3012h agoA new multi-modal dataset combines neurophysiological, physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures to study how cognitive and motor processes interact in daily life activities.
3012h agoSpatial navigation impairment, especially in path integration and wayfinding, correlates with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, making it a potential early detection method for individuals at-risk of AD.
3012h agoClassical and quantum-like models have the same ability to predict human decision rates, but they differ in how they represent uncertainty.
3012h agoA novel multimodal framework combining EEG and fNIRS modalities identifies early network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease by revealing reduced neural contrast and increased trial-to-trial variability in network organization.
3012h agoPersistent structural memory in neural networks requires two key elements: a stable coordinate system and a mechanism for graceful transfer of information.
3012h agoInter-level causation mechanism integrates with dual-process theories to construct a unified model of consciousness, agency, and cognitive functions.
3012h agoFermi-Past-Ulam-Tsingou chains and Toda chains with nonintegrable boundaries show thermalization slowing down, operating in a regime of long range networks of nonintegrable perturbations.
3012h agoParametric modulation of nonlinear coupling modifies the intrinsic resonance structure and provides an alternative route for generating combination resonances and influencing chaotic dynamics.
3012h agoA unified approach reveals connections between several hierarchies of nonlinear equations, including AKNS, DNLS, KP, and mKP hierarchies, within a framework of anti-self-dual Yang-Mills reduction.
3012h agoDeterministic classical cellular automata have two phases, strongly and weakly irreversible, with a transition between them called the damage-spreading transition, which is related to but more complex than directed percolation.
3012h agoA generalization of the Painlev\'e-II equation to a system of coupled equations with symmetry breaking terms is integrable and has a Lax pair that relates the asymptotic behavior of solutions.
3012h agoAcoustic solitons persist over metre-scale distances in phononic waveguides and exhibit predicted behaviour during collisions, including a collisional phase shift and depth-dependent collision regimes.
3012h agoNon-reciprocity in the O(2) model leads to emergent dynamics that advects and reshapes patterns, and allows for control of excitation trajectories by tuning non-reciprocity and medium orientation.
3012h agoAdjusting capacitance to induce internal and primary resonances in nonlinear magnetic levitation systems enables a more stable and predictable energy harvesting process by suppressing undesirable nonlinear behaviors.
3012h agoIntegrable Kahan-Hirota-Kimura maps can exhibit complex dynamics, and a simple method can be used to study their dynamics when preserving rational fibrations.
3012h agoThe mixed Hessian of the dispersionless Toda $\tau$-function has two distinct thresholds, an analytic threshold where the dominant singularity appears, and a later geometric threshold where the map loses univalence, with the first spectral instability occurring at the analytic threshold.
3012h agoThe introduction of quadratic orthogonal pairs for hyperelliptic functions resolves a mismatch problem and enables a thorough treatment of initial value problems for two discrete integrable systems.
3012h agoThe thermal behavior of dipole-compression collective oscillations in a harmonically trapped one-dimensional Bose gas is controlled by the temperature of the hole-induced anomaly, where the oscillations change from a single mode to a beating signal of two frequencies as temperature increases.
3012h agoThe generalized focusing Ablowitz-Ladik and Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with nonzero boundary conditions on an infinite lattice are locally well-posed, and their solutions have a minimal guaranteed lifespan that depends on the initial data, background, and nonlinearity exponents.
3012h agoSmooth solutions of the multidimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations can develop singularities in finite time when viscosity coefficients have a nonlinear power-law dependence on density.
3012h agoTurbulence has a minimal dynamical backbone governed by non-local cascade response, which underlies classical turbulent behaviors such as inertial-range scaling, shear-driven transport, and wall-bounded logarithmic profiles.
3012h agoThe proposed algorithm provides a data-driven framework to discover stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with noise-robust methodology, converting the SDE identification problem into two linear sparse identification problems.
3012h agoThe non-Hermitian mosaic Maryland model has kappa-1 robust extended bands for modulation periods kappa >= 2, which persist regardless of potential strength and non-Hermiticity.
3012h agoA generative framework called GLASS produces realistic atomistic structures of materials by inverting spectroscopic measurements, without needing to know the potential energy surface.
3012h agoDeterministic classical cellular automata have two phases, strongly and weakly irreversible, with a transition between them called the damage-spreading transition, which is related to but more complex than directed percolation.
3012h agoIncreasing the compression modulus of amorphous matter makes it softer and changes its hardening behavior from kinematic to isotropic under cyclic shear, affecting its stress response and plastic flow.
3012h agoGaussian Mixture Models and non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation have stability guarantees that provide upper bounds on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between estimated and true densities.
3012h agoThe transition between the non-Hermitian skin effect and defect-induced Anderson localization in the bulk occurs when the topological invariant associated with an eigenvalue changes, causing an eigenvector crossover.
3012h agoHighly accurate neural network architectures cluster together in flat regions of the architecture search landscape, and a novel algorithmic framework called Architecture-Aware Minimization (A$^2$M) leverages this insight to improve generalization on benchmark datasets.
3012h agoNF1 is expressed in a graded pattern across various brain regions and lineages during mouse brain development.
3012h agoThe ganglioside GM1, a complex lipid in neurons, interacts with the KCC2 transporter to regulate its membrane localization and function, enabling the development of hyperpolarizing GABAergic signaling.
3012h agoMice make choices between food and exercise based on how hard they have to work for each, and a specific type of receptor in certain brain cells helps control the desire to exercise.
3012h agoThe absence of gut microbiota causes changes in microglial density and morphology in certain brain regions of piglets, leading to a region-specific immune response and neuroinflammation.
3012h agoConvolutional neural networks with 1D, 2D, and 3D kernels show similar generalizability in decoding neural drive from high-density surface electromyography signals, but differ in computational efficiency.
3016h agoScientists developed ViSoND, a method that uses video and sound to display complex neural data, making it easier to observe and interpret patterns and relationships that may be missed through quantitative analysis alone.
3016h agoThe synchronization state and coupling strength between two Hodgkin-Huxley neuron models determine how voltage perturbations affect the models' spiking dynamics, with higher coupling strengths reducing or enlarging the range of perturbations that cause a neuron to stop firing.
3016h agoThe nucleus accumbens and its excitatory input from the medial prefrontal cortex show different patterns of synaptic signaling in males and females, and opioid self-administration changes these patterns in a sex- and pathway-specific way.
3016h agoOptimizing adeno-associated viral vector features resulted in a reliable mouse model of Parkinson's disease that shows motor and neurochemical impairments can occur before dopaminergic cell death.
3016h agoRabphilin in specific clock neurons acts as a key regulator of sleep by balancing stability and flexibility in neural connections through its effects on synaptic plasticity.
3016h agoMental fatigue changes the way people learn new motor skills, causing them to perform worse during practice but make up for it with bigger improvements during rest periods.
3016h agoCochlear implant users can better discriminate musical chords when the sound is broken down into fewer components, and changes in pitch are more easily detected in certain voices.
3016h agoIbogaine treatment reorganizes high-beta brain networks, shifting them away from frontal areas and towards posterior regions, which correlates with improvements in PTSD symptoms.
3016h agoCapsaicin induces hypothermia through a neural circuit that involves specific neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, particularly POAVglut2 neurons.
3016h agoDynamic interactions between the nervous system and the body help create animal intelligence, not just brain computations, and virtual animal models can mimic real animal behavior without being biologically accurate.
3020h agoHigh dose Humanin-G (HNG) improves vision and gene expression in rats with retinal degeneration, particularly by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
3020h agoPractice improves motor skills, enabling faster and more accurate movements, and these improvements are generally retained and transferred to new situations, but are constrained by inherent biases in movement direction.
3020h agoFear learning changes brain activity and this change helps predict how well people recall and express extinction memories after using transcranial magnetic stimulation during extinction learning.
3020h agoA method to obtain point-neuron models from detailed models with dendrites is suggested, enabling the generation of simple models that functionally characterize a neuron's response under in vivo conditions.
3020h agoRIM enables high-release synapses by acting as a specialized gain factor, but is not essential for baseline transmission at low-release synapses.
3020h agoFacial expressions in mice reflect hidden mental states and related brain activity.
3024h agoMice make huddling decisions based on unique brain activity, and changes in this activity in some mice affect the behavior of others.
3024h agoNearly 22 orphan G protein-coupled receptors show selective cell-type enrichment in the human brain, suggesting potential roles and identifying candidates for cell-type specific neuromodulation.
3024h agoA generative AI framework reveals hidden mechanisms of disorders of consciousness by simulating impaired consciousness from massive datasets of neural activity.
3028h agoAn AI framework identifies mechanisms of consciousness and predicts new drivers of unconsciousness, and also identifies subthalamic nucleus stimulation as a potential therapy for disorders of consciousness.
3028h agoAutistic children and adolescents have reduced high-level visual representations and a greater focus on basic sensory details in brain areas responsible for social interaction.
3028h agoPhosphorylation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M1) is required to restore contextual memory, but not cued memory, in a mouse model of learning and memory deficit.
3028h agoThe distal cerebral arterial flow index measured by SNAP MRI differs between cognitively unimpaired and impaired groups and is correlated with cognitive function in an aging population.
3028h agoHippocampal place cells form a more stable internal spatial map when animals perform a demanding navigation task with an odor context, and this stability is partly supported by inputs from the lateral entorhinal cortex.
3028h agoA method using maximum-likelihood estimate and subject-wise bootstrap can accurately determine the overlap between brain activation patterns from different conditions in fMRI studies.
3028h agoCerebellar damage leads to changes in large-scale brain networks, which are compensated in congenital ataxias but not in slowly progressive ataxias, resulting in different motor and cognitive performances.
3028h agoThe motor cortex is organized in a hierarchy with the primary motor cortex (M1) placed higher than the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), according to a study that analyzed brain activity in macaques performing a reaching task.
3028h agomTOR mRNA localization, controlled by multiple sequences in its 5' and 3' UTRs, regulates local protein synthesis and neuronal growth.
3028h agoTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) improves picture-naming performance in patients with post-stroke anomia, with effects lasting up to three months.
3036h agoA new framework integrates structural and functional connectomes by learning individualized modular organization and hierarchical coupling, allowing it to outperform other approaches in predicting brain age, cognitive score, and disease classification.
3036h agoThe motor cortex's functional geometry can be explained by a sub-Riemannian higher-dimensional geometry that accounts for geometric and kinematic properties of hand movements.
3036h agoThe human brain achieves its remarkable computational abilities because of its inherent non-ideal factors, including noise, heterogeneity, and chaotic dynamics, which actually provide robustness, adaptability, and creativity.
3036h agoA multitask Transformer-based model jointly predicts phoneme sequences, word sequences, and acoustic features from intracortical recordings, achieving a state-of-the-art phoneme error rate of 14.3% and word decoding rate of 19.4%.
3036h agoThe cognitive sciences can now use a fully automated process to understand intelligence by utilizing Large Language Models to develop experimental paradigms, simulate behavioral data, and test cognitive models.
3036h agoBrain network analysis using functional MRI reveals different patterns of functional connections in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and healthy elderly individuals, with dynamic networks showing unique differences between the amygdala and hippocampal formation.
3036h agoSpontaneous self-organized criticality in neural systems maintains reliable information representation by restricting representational drift and enhancing low-dimensional representation.
3036h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity, and this occurs because slow regions persist in the energy landscape near stored patterns.
3036h agoA semi-supervised VAE framework extracts disease-related patterns from high-dimensional neuroimaging data that align with established Alzheimer's biomarkers.
3036h agoThe level of cooperation, cost, and collective risk are interconnected and determine whether a population can avert a tragic outcome, with cooperation emerging and persisting under certain conditions.
3036h agoA two-dimensional Hamiltonian system with a gyroscopic term and non-homogeneous potential has analytical necessary conditions for integrability that restrict the degrees of homogeneity of potential terms.
3036h agoEscape dynamics in the Stochastic Web Map is governed by a single time scale that depends on nonlinearity and escape horizon size.
3036h agoSolitons in deep-water gravity waves can maintain their shape while changing their transverse profile according to linear diffraction laws when a controlled transverse degree of freedom is introduced.
3036h agoA method based on Fourier analysis and statistical classification successfully characterizes chimera behavior in systems of coupled oscillators and distinguishes it from other dynamical patterns.
3036h agoA geometric indicator based on the width of a transition layer scales linearly with noise strength, providing a precursor to rapid under-ice blooms in the Arctic.
3036h agoLinear response theory can predict how added forcing changes the statistical properties of nonautonomous systems that evolve over time under external influences, by reformulating the dynamics as a fixed-point problem and using rapid loss of memory.
3036h agoA new data-driven method derives a score function that improves the estimation of transition probabilities in multistable climate tipping systems, allowing for low-variance calculations even with small noise amplitudes.
3036h agoQuantum chaotic systems explore all allowed configurations in Hilbert space, while this study examines the intermediate behavior between ergodicity and localization in the PXP spin chain model, finding weak breaking of ergodicity and characteristics of quantum chaos.
3036h agoThe Lagrangian Descriptors provide a geometric indicator of scrambling-related sensitivity in quantum information, based on a Bohmian trajectory-based framework.
3036h agoA new framework unifies two approaches to discover stochastic differential equations from data, and it accurately recovers the underlying equations for several test systems.
3036h agoA biased Tit-for-Tat strategy, which cooperates differently with unconditional cooperators and fellow players, can exhibit diverse outcomes, including a "hidden T phase" where the weakest strategy dominates, under strong social dilemmas.
3036h agoThe dynamical symmetry of the quantum Calogero model with particle exchange in a confining Coulomb field is governed by the algebra $so(N+1,2)$, which is deformed by exchange operators.
3036h agoMacroscopic order regulates local interactions through a feedback mechanism, producing behaviors such as explosive jumps, hybrid transitions, limit-cycle oscillations, and routes to chaos.
3036h agoA class of exactly solvable open quantum systems is established, where the Liouvillian possesses a hidden free-fermion spectrum if its frustration graph is claw-free and has a simplicial clique.
3036h agoThe study finds that various types of nonlinear wave solutions, including soliton and breather waves, exist for the (n+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with Jacobi elliptic function as external potential.
3036h agoThe symmetric McMillan map's dynamics can be understood with just two key parameters, and it provides an accurate depiction of complex nonlinear systems across a wide range of system parameters.
3036h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert problem analysis shows that a two-genus Korteweg-de Vries soliton gas approaches a two-phase Riemann-Theta function as x increases and zero as x decreases.
3036h agoA generalized linear response theory for mixed jump-diffusion models is presented, providing formulas to quantify uncertainties in complex systems and measure dynamical changes due to perturbations.
3036h agoA framework proposes systematically calculating reduced forms of geometric structures for a system of partial differential equations that has a local symmetry, allowing inherited properties like conservation laws and variational principles to be described for the reduced system.
3036h agoParity and time-reversal symmetry causes quasi-integrability in deformed integrable models, ensuring that quasi-conserved charges are asymptotically conserved.
3036h agoA network's symmetry allows it to have stable patterns of active and inactive clusters, where fluctuations from active clusters cancel out to keep other clusters inactive.
3036h agoThe generation of solitary waves or shock-like stress waves in weakly dissipative, strongly nonlinear discrete chains depends on the duration of the incoming pulse ramp.
3036h agoA new neural network architecture accurately identifies and controls spatiotemporal chaos in reaction-diffusion systems by leveraging periodic sinusoidal activations and frequency-diverse initialization.
3036h agoThe scarred eigenstates in graphene billiards have properties that match those of non-relativistic quantum billiards, not relativistic ones, despite being described by the relativistic Dirac equation around the Fermi energy.
3036h agoIntroducing quadratic orthogonal pairs for hyperelliptic functions resolves a mismatch problem left unsolved for continued fraction expansions and Hankel determinants, and enables a thorough treatment of initial value problems for two discrete integrable systems.
3036h agoThis work studies the properties of Temporally Non-Uniform Cellular Automata (t-NUCAs), which use two rules in a sequence during their evolution, and explores their surjectivity, injectivity, reversibility, and cyclic behavior.
3036h agoThree-state cellular automata exhibit different classes of ergodic behavior, including chaotic dynamics, phase-space fragmentation, and anomalous transport, which can be classified based on transformation properties under discrete symmetries and quantified by observables such as mean return time and correlation functions.
3036h agoA new framework called PHLieNet learns a unified model that captures dynamic behavior across a broad range of system parameterizations, enabling smooth transitions across different system behaviors.
3036h agoThe modified Vicsek model defines influence quantitatively, showing quasi-linear relations between influence and information transfer at fixed noise levels and that noise on influencers enhances information transfer, while noise on followers suppresses it.
3036h agoThe $\lambda\ph^4+g\ph^6$ model reveals tricritical behavior when the $\ph^4$ term acts as a composite operator and the $\ph^6$ interaction dominates.
3036h agoTwo-parameter families of matrix product operators are discovered that commute with the Heisenberg spin chain Hamiltonian in various anisotropies.
3036h agoThe ground-state integral equation of the quantum lattice nonlinear Schrödinger model has a doubly singular structure that leads to a logarithmic divergence of peak density and a specific ground-state energy per site.
3036h agoThe out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) measures the sensitivity of quantum systems to initial conditions, translating classical chaotic behavior into the language of operator non-commutativity.
3036h agoTurbulence has a minimal dynamical backbone governed by non-local cascade response, which leads to classical turbulent behaviors such as inertial-range scaling, shear-driven transport, and wall-bounded logarithmic profiles.
3036h agoGlassiness in systems of interacting bosons can be identified through measurements of compressibility, which is a measurable density-based thermodynamic observable that corresponds to the glassy order.
3036h agoThe Anderson transition in sparse random matrices with on-site disorder can be identified through the statistical properties of the ground state.
3036h agoBistability between low and high activity states of self-sustained firing is possible in excitable neurons with Gaussian or Cauchy random coupling, and a directed percolation threshold exists in networks with Cauchy coupling above which activity spreads through the whole network.
3036h agoA physics-informed machine-learning framework accurately identifies many-body localization transitions in interacting fermionic systems on disordered one-dimensional lattices using a compact feature representation based on four key observables.
3036h agoThe nature of spin-wave excitations in the two-dimensional Heisenberg spin-glass model depends on the type of classical order, with delocalized excitations around magnetically ordered states and localized excitations around spin-glass ordered states.
3036h agoGraph neural networks can reconstruct global entanglement in quantum many-body systems from local measurement data by aggregating correlations across spacetime.
3036h agoNon-Hermitian disordered systems exhibit a 38-fold symmetry classification and display unique physics and mathematics that underlie phenomena in physics, network science, and biophysics.
3036h agoThe synchronization gap between modes that commit at different stages of the reverse process is an intrinsic property of Diffusion Transformers, persisting even without external coupling.
3036h agoA new approach to disordered two-dimensional Ising models resolves the full phase boundary from the pure-Ising point to the percolation limit with arbitrary precision.
3036h agoUltrathin films of different materials show a dramatic enhancement of resistance to projectile penetration under high-velocity impact due to a universal law that relates the specific penetration energy to the film thickness.
3036h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity, and this occurs because slow regions persist in the energy landscape near stored patterns.
3036h agoDisorder scattering affects the anomalous Hall conductivity in quantum materials, with different types of scattering resulting in distinct dependencies on disorder strength.
3036h agoDisorder in diffusion rates can totally suppress the active phase of epidemic spreading, and effective global diffusion rates can predict disorder relevance.
3036h agoA neural network-based model learns to autotune quantum dot simulators to obtain Majorana modes by using transport measurements and knowledge of key properties of these modes.
3036h agoBoundary conditions dramatically impact localization properties in one-dimensional non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattices, leading to boundary-sensitive localization features and breakdown of extended-localized duality relations.
3036h agoThe globus pallidus externa (GPe) regulates risk-taking behavior by integrating diverse inputs and controlling motor and cognitive processes.
3040h agoCore clock neurons in Drosophila signal to the proto-hypothalamic region by functionally modulating insulin-producing cells in a time-of-day-dependent manner through neuropeptidergic signaling.
3040h agoPerceptual learning improves visual skills by shifting brain resources from higher-order regions to sensory areas, allowing for more precise information storage.
3040h agoNegative BOLD responses are linked to negative diffusion-weighted fMRI responses, but not to changes in apparent diffusion coefficient, indicating that neural activity causes distinct vascular and microstructural changes.
3040h agoMNs with a TDP-43 mutation show early hyperexcitability, which drives increased mitochondrial function, but ultimately leads to mitochondrial decline and MN failure.
3040h agoAstrocytes help improve memory and brain function after a stroke by sending specific calcium signals to neurons, and targeting these astrocytes may offer a new way to treat post-stroke cognitive impairment.
3040h agoFusogens can rapidly restore nerve function by fusing axons and sealing membranes, and they have been researched for nearly four decades as a potential therapy for neural tissue regeneration and repair.
3040h agoImages that are atypical of a category are better remembered than typical ones because their distinctiveness makes them stand out, and this effect is linked to how the images are represented in the brain.
3040h agoHierarchical dynamical systems framework based on shallow piecewise-linear recurrent neural networks can extract meaningful individual-specific dynamical structure from resting-state fMRI data.
3040h agoThe Drift Diffusion Model fails to account for the temporal clustering of errors in decision-making data, but an updated version called the autocorrelated DDM can accurately capture this phenomenon.
3040h agoJanus kinase 2 (JAK2) regulates Nurr1 protein stability and transcriptional activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons by physically interacting with Nurr1, leading to enhanced nuclear stability and protection against oxidative stress.
3040h agoTwo nonlinear mechanisms in the primate outer retina shape neural responses, contributing to responses to natural stimuli and retinal output signals.
3044h agoThe human brain varies between people due to differences in cell types and gene expression, with astrocytes, striatal interneurons, microglia, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells showing consistent patterns across brain regions.
3044h agoNeural circuits transform continuous information into transient patterns of activity over time by segmenting sensory and motor information into temporal sequences, which enables precisely timed motor and cognitive commands.
3044h agoApplying a temporal response function framework to fNIRS data recorded during continuous speech perception yields meaningful and statistically significant responses that track speech features.
3044h agoSCN2A haploinsufficiency causes a range of problems, including activation of the nonsense-mediated decay mechanism, changes in RNA processing, structural abnormalities in neurons, and disruptions to synaptic and axonal pathways.
3044h agoThe expression and activation of Transient receptor potential channel 5 in certain neurons helps switch male mice behavior from infanticide to caregiving after they become fathers.
3044h agoFasting interacts with energy reserves to shape human behavioural control, increasing impulsivity for food rewards and effort expenditure, and this effect is regulated by both short-term energy deficits and long-term energy reserves.
3044h agoReaction time varies due to internal state fluctuations, and this variability is linked to systemic physiological signatures of arousal on fast and slow timescales.
3044h agoA multimodal immobilization approach combining a hydrogel with brief ether vapor exposure reduces motion artifacts in calcium imaging of Drosophila melanogaster larvae.
3044h agoSerotonergic psychedelics work by activating a network of 5-HT2A and TrkB receptors, leading to changes in brain cell growth, connections, and activity.
3044h agoRepeated positive experiences with a pleasant odorant in childhood create long-lasting olfactory memory in mice, which relies on specific brain cells and connections that change over time.
3044h agoHeroin addiction is linked to higher brain activity in multiple regions at rest and during reward-seeking, and addiction severity is associated with specific metabolic changes in certain brain areas.
3044h agoMotor cortex encodes digit identity and a shared signal for movement direction that is common across digits and wrist.
3044h agoTrkB+ sensory neurons drive chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain through Nav1.5, a voltage-gated sodium channel.
3044h agoAmyloid beta 42 forms toxic structures that play a key role in Alzheimer's disease, and its interaction with GM1 gangliosides increases its toxicity and ability to penetrate cell membranes.
3044h agoA new rodent model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary reperfusion induces global cerebral ischemia in infant rats, causing white matter damage, memory impairments, and motor deficits.
3044h agoA new quality assurance metric, called pBOLD, quantifies the likelihood that a multi-echo fMRI scan is dominated by BOLD fluctuations, providing a meaningful estimate of overall BOLD weighting.
3044h agoMutations in the CRX gene disrupt photoreceptor differentiation, leading to loss of visual function and formation of retinal rosettes that impair inner neuron and vasculature development.
3044h agoA detailed protocol using the flyPAD/optoPAD system allows for precise measurement and control of feeding behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, enabling studies on nutrient preference, learning, and state-dependent modulation of feeding.
3048h agoVisual acuity declines nonlinearly with increasing cone cell loss, but eye motion provides a compensatory benefit that helps maintain visual sharpness even when many cone cells are lost.
3048h agoThe First 1,000 Days Project collected over 1 million hours of data on infants' daily lives, capturing a stable, household-specific lexical structure that is missed by sparse sampling methods.
3052h agoThe toxicity of tau protein isoforms varies depending on the context, including the type of neuron, tissue, and time of expression, with 4R isoforms generally being more toxic than 3R isoforms.
3052h agoCongenital aphantasia is associated with structural differences in higher-order brain systems, including fronto-temporal and cingulate systems, but not in primary visual pathways.
3056h agoNPAS4 regulates the inhibitory synapses of active pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, and its deletion degrades spatial representations and temporal precision of neuronal spikes.
3056h agoA single recurrent network model of the hippocampus generates both place cells, which encode spatial location, and time cells, which encode temporal patterns, depending on the input patterns it receives.
3056h agoNeural circuits balance local connectivity constraints and global integration by following a minimal wiring rule where forming additional synapses becomes harder as a neuron accumulates incoming connections.
3060h agoThe model proposes that curvature-sensitive cells in the primary visual cortex follow a modular and hierarchical organization and have receptive profiles shaped like Gabor-type filters.
3060h agoHippocampal phase locking emerges from a fundamental dynamical mechanism called forced phase integration, which separates neural information into magnitude and phase coordinates.
3060h agoProblem difficulty increases visual coverage of plans, while available time affects replanning during execution and gaze-path coherence in problem solving.
3060h agoA robust multiscale numerical framework based on time dilation effectively resolves rapid synchronization events in large-scale excitatory neuronal networks by transforming the governing equation into a dilated timescale proportional to the firing activity.
3060h agoThe proposed variational framework infers a brain reaction map by determining the optimal graph and current that connect a stimulation source to a reaction target, promoting aggregation and branching.
3060h agoThe brain's propagation architecture transforms external stimulation into distributed reaction patterns through a branched transport system that favours signal aggregation into shared neural highways.
3060h agoCerebellar-like networks use structured connections to prioritize learning of certain tasks over others, with the network's design making it easier to learn functions that depend on oversampled inputs or connected neurons.
3060h agoNeurons' activity mainly depends on individual inputs, not on interactions between them, and can be described by simple models that predict complex neural behaviors.
3060h agoIndividual letter-phonemes in English carry structured, multidimensional semantic signals that are systematically linked to their articulatory-phonetic features and are consistent across speakers and languages.
3060h agoA network of coupled oscillators with inertia loses coherence with a time-dependent driving protocol when frequency dynamics, not phase dynamics, show a clear loss of tracking.
3060h agoThe collapse of the Carola Bridge in Dresden, Germany leads to an 8,000 vehicle decline in daily motorised traffic crossing the Elbe river, with nearby bridges absorbing diverted traffic and a notable increase in Park-and-Ride usage.
3060h agoThe study derives invariants of motion for a class of globally coupled phase oscillators using an operator-theoretic perspective, reproducing the known set of N-3 invariants.
3060h agoAdaptive network models with fast-evolving coupling weights can exhibit higher-order structure in their slow dynamics, even if the microscopic system only has pairwise interactions.
3060h agoScale-free topology in cellular metabolic networks allows cells to maintain metabolic activity under nutrient-poor conditions and leads to a power-law distribution of biomolecular abundances.
3060h agoHigher-order interactions play a crucial role in many networked systems and affect collective dynamics in new ways when more than two nodes are nonlinearly coupled.
3060h agoA six-parameter family of affine Segre surfaces is associated with the q-difference sixth Painleve equation for generic parameter values, and its limiting forms give Segre surfaces isomorphic to monodromy manifolds of each Painleve differential equation.
3060h agoA machine-learning-based early warning system detects half of the critical transitions in a large-scale social game within 20 minutes with a low false positive rate, by identifying patterns such as critical slowing down and a lack of innovation.
3060h agoOptical phonons with non-linear properties can dynamically break crystalline inversion symmetry, leading to a steady state with broken symmetry, strong second harmonic generation, and ferroelectric rectification of the driving signal.
3060h agoThe stochastic evolution of volume-price distribution from NYSE equities is modeled using a data-driven framework, which finds that the shape parameter follows a pure diffusion and the scale parameter shows dominant jump-diffusion dynamics in most models.
3060h agoA new federated learning framework enables clients to collaboratively train models on heterogeneous and changing data while preserving data privacy.
3060h agoThe ReLU soft committee machine exhibits a continuous specialization transition from an unspecialized symmetric phase to a specialized phase, breaking permutation symmetry among hidden units.
3060h agoNeural circuits balance local connectivity constraints and global integration by following a minimal wiring rule where forming additional synapses becomes harder as a neuron accumulates incoming connections.
3060h agoScale-free topology in cellular metabolic networks allows cells to maintain metabolic activity under nutrient-poor conditions and leads to a power-law distribution of biomolecular abundances.
3060h agoA new test for hyperuniformity yields reliable results from a single sample by using the empirical Fourier transform and likelihood ratio principle.
3060h agoDisordered mixtures of two ferromagnetic materials exhibit stronger transverse electron deflection than either material alone, offering a universal strategy to engineer large transverse responses.
3060h agoOptimizing a subset of layers in the quantum approximate optimization algorithm offers a good trade-off between solution quality and computational time for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
3060h agoTime-reversal symmetry does not affect the universality class of measurement-induced phase transitions in monitored systems unless measurement outcomes are post-selected to satisfy global time-reversal invariance.
3060h agoHigher-order interactions play a crucial role in many networked systems and affect collective dynamics in new ways when more than two nodes are nonlinearly coupled.
3060h agoThe Yukawa--SYK model bridges single-particle and many-body chaos, and its interaction strength acts as a control parameter that interpolates between different chaos limits.
3060h agoHuman microglial cells can be reprogrammed into new neurons through the expression of the NEUROG2 gene, offering a potential strategy for neuronal replacement and neural repair.
3064h agoBrain thickness declines more steeply with age and is more strongly linked to changes in cognitive abilities than brain area, making it a more sensitive marker of cognitive ageing.
3080h agoThe nervous system uses angular acceleration to control short-latency postural responses and angular velocity to control medium-latency responses when maintaining balance after unexpected postural changes.
3096h agoMulti-task batteries provide a more consistent estimation of functional brain regions across individuals than single-contrast approaches, and offer a sensitive and reliable method for localizing and parceling brain regions.
3104h agoBilingual language environments in early infancy are associated with differences in intrinsic functional organization measured from resting-state fNIRS connectivity.
3104h agoDystrophin loss impairs CB1R signaling at parallel fiber-Purkinje Cell synapses in the cerebellum, leading to absent endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression and potentially contributing to cerebellar dysfunction and motor control symptoms in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
3104h agoThe kainate receptor subunit Ekar is critical for presynaptic homeostatic potentiation, working with other kainate receptor subunits to enhance presynaptic calcium influx and stabilize long-term synaptic homeostasis.
3104h agoChildren develop the ability to use audiovisual synchrony to segregate a target talker from 5-6 years old, after earlier detection of multisensory cues and a shift to more structured visual sampling.
3104h agoSource localisation methods for EEG/MEG provide reasonable spatial accuracy under ideal conditions but struggle with recovering source polarity and degrade substantially with reduced sensor coverage and added noise.
3104h agoDelivering an antibody expression vector directly into the brain using a special virus-like vehicle reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms and pathology in mice without causing side effects.
3104h agoApoptotic retinal cells trigger spontaneous neural waves by releasing purinergic molecules through Pannexin1 hemichannels, which in turn promotes vascular growth and microglia engulfment of dying cells.
3104h agoResponders to antidepressant treatment show a reduction in cross-hemispheric connectivity and an increase in lateral asymmetry in the beta1 frequency band, while non-responders show no such changes.
3104h agoCGRP neurons in the parabrachial nucleus regulate morphine-taking behavior and their activity is affected by opioid administration, suggesting they may be a new target for treating opioid use disorder.
3104h agoA detailed, data-driven model of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was developed, which captures various cellular processes and can be used to investigate the activity and plasticity of these cells.
3104h agoThe brain-spleen connection plays a key role in slowing down Alzheimer's disease progression by helping to recruit protective monocytes to the brain.
3108h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex processes salience, or the overall importance of a stimulus, regardless of whether it is positive, negative, or neutral, and also modulates movement in response to that stimulus.
3108h agoExperience reorganizes the geometry of visual population activity to reflect temporal structure, making it easier to access information about the timing of events and represent sequence-related information.
3108h agoCardiac signals precisely regulate neuronal activity in the posterior insular cortex, and this regulation plays a role in encoding emotion states.
3108h agoBeta-band oscillations in the motor cortex propagate as traveling waves, generated by local interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and spatial connectivity, and are modulated by behaviorally relevant inputs to organize movement initiation.
3108h agoIron deposits form in the brain after seizures and can be detected using a non-invasive imaging technique called quantitative susceptibility mapping.
3108h agoPeople use adaptive rules to make individual decisions, adjusting to changing conditions to improve their reward rate, but with limits to their flexibility.
3108h agoDancers' movements are altered by negative emotional contexts, with exposure to negative images leading to reduced movement amplitude and changes in mood.
3108h agoThe brain predicts and integrates semantic information across multiple gaze fixations, with neural signals responding to semantic novelty during natural viewing.
3108h agoThe clitoris has a complex nerve structure, with the dorsal nerve branching into a tree-like pattern to innervate the clitoral glans, hood, and surrounding areas.
3116h agoA new platform called FishNAP identifies 11 FDA-approved small molecules that can temporarily increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, allowing drugs to reach the brain.
3116h agoMutations in tubulin genes rescue tau-mediated neurodegeneration by influencing microtubule properties, not by changing tau protein levels or aggregation.
3116h agoA new tool called Auto-MFM automatically generates mean field models of neuronal population dynamics from detailed spiking networks, accurately reproducing population dynamics and allowing for the exploration of physiological and pathological circuit variants.
3116h agoSchizophrenia is associated with overexpression of CSMD2 in brain tissues, but not with changes in CSMD1 expression or in peripheral blood.
3116h agoHumans' ability to reason about physical events is modified by their embodied experience, and their mental representation of the world is grounded in adaptable physical mechanisms.
3120h agoIntranasal delivery of mRNA-loaded nanoparticles results in functional protein expression in the brain, offering a safe and non-invasive route to treat pain and other brain disorders.
3120h agoActivating or inhibiting specific neurons in mice using chemogenetics yields a wide range of neurological phenotypes, and this approach can uncover brain substrates that regulate physical and behavioral traits.
3120h agoThe hippocampus encodes memories with distinctive temporal patterns that support later recall of episodic events, and more distinctive patterns during encoding are associated with better memory performance.
3120h agoL5 ET neurons in the auditory cortex respond to sound with excitation and selective feature representations, while L6b ET neurons respond with suppression and more integrative signals.
3124h agoSerotonin release in the primary somatosensory cortex is driven by rewards and weakly by sensory stimulation, and its activity pattern changes seconds before movement onset to prepare the neural network for the upcoming state change.
3124h agoBehavioral strategy determines where information is transferred between the brain's hemispheres, with passive mice using one cortical area and active mice using another.
3124h agoFunctional connectivity in the brain is shaped by two distinct components: one related to structural wiring and the other to non-tract influences, which play different roles in forming network architecture.
3124h agoThe functional coupling between SK channels and T-type Ca2+ channels gates locomotor rhythm generation by controlling the transition from tonic firing to bursting in interneurons.
3124h agoHyperalignment can estimate individualized functional topographies in people with developmental prosopagnosia, a condition that impairs face recognition, without needing separate localizer scans.
3124h agoMSC-derived secretomes improve behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and motor neuron disease models by reducing neuroinflammation and modulating pathological pathways.
3124h agoAstrocyte activity changes in response to different compounds and disease models, and a new automated pipeline can be used to quickly characterize these changes in mouse and human astrocytes.
3124h agoClinically meaningful explainability is essential for AI-enabled closed-loop medical neurotechnology and should prioritize actionable clarity and relevant explanations over technical completeness.
3132h agoThe Hierarchical Online Learning of Multiscale Experience Structure (HOLMES) model learns hierarchical latent structure from sequential data through online inference, producing compact representations that support one-shot transfer and improve predictive performance.
3132h agoWeak brain connections contribute to cognitive abilities by enhancing general cognitive ability, memory, and functional balance, and play a crucial role in human cognition.
3132h agoA functionalist approach to emotion uses a mathematical framework to explain how emotional valence arises in biological systems, and this framework can be applied to various psychological phenomena.
3132h agoDeeperBrain, a neuro-grounded foundation model, integrates neuroscientific principles into its design, enabling universal Brain-Computer Interfaces that generalize broadly and perform well even without fine-tuning.
3132h agoThe coupled Sasa-Satsuma-mKdV equation has four distinct classes of soliton solutions: bright-bright, dark-dark, bright-dark, and dark-bright.
3132h agoNonlinear Love-type waves propagate on an interface between materials with different mechanical properties, described by general equations for shear displacements in incompressible hyperelastic materials.
3132h agoThe study presents a unified approach to constructing continuous and discrete integrable systems that are invariant under a specific mathematical transformation, using linear spectral problems and their factorisation.
3132h agoSolutions to the defocusing Manakov system exhibit interesting asymptotic behavior within a narrow transition zone in the $x$-$t$ plane, and can be expressed in terms of the Hastings-McLeod solution of the Painlev\'e II equation.
3132h agoAnalyzing individual clusters of events that occur at irregular intervals reveals insights into local interactions that drive system dynamics.
3132h agoCellular automata that are post-surjective must be bijective when their universe is a sofic group.
3132h agoThis paper develops a categorical framework to systematically define decorated Betti moduli spaces, which capture irregular singularities, and relate different approaches to studying these spaces.
3132h agoTurbulence is organized around an emergent oscillatory degree of freedom that governs the Reynolds stress, leading to universal features such as logarithmic mean velocity profiles and scale-invariant energy spectra.
3132h agoSpin-orbit coupling drives anomalous topological Bloch oscillations in a honeycomb Zeeman lattice, causing asymmetric motion with a freezing effect in one half of the oscillation cycle.
3132h agoThe multifractal model and Leray's weak solutions of Navier-Stokes analysis are reconciled through a new theory that derives a mathematical relation between them.
3132h agoReducing the interactions between modes in turbulent flows leads to a suppression of intermittency, a decrease in dissipation rate, and a regularization of the velocity field.
3132h agoModularity in networks helps a coarse-graining procedure to accurately describe the phase transition from asynchronous to synchronous motion in Kuramoto oscillators.
3132h agoGlassy materials and perfect crystals that have undergone mechanical stress exhibit quasi-brittle plastic yielding and intermittent mechanical response with power law statistics.
3132h agoHyperbolic space models represent complex networks, like those in natural and human-made systems, as graphs with nodes and links, and can derive their fundamental structural properties, such as sparsity and hierarchical organization, using a statistical-mechanics framework.
3132h agoThe transition between the non-Hermitian skin effect and defect-induced Anderson localization in the bulk occurs when the topological invariant associated with an eigenvalue changes, causing the eigenvector to crossover.
3132h agoThe modified Nishimori model on a two-dimensional square lattice shows that the spin-glass and ferromagnetic transitions are separated by an intermediate Mattis-like spin-glass phase.
3132h agoBoundary conditions affect localization properties in non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattices, leading to counterintuitive effects, including boundary-sensitive localization and breakdown of extended-localized duality.
3132h agoVariational Monte Carlo method becomes unreliable due to statistical pathologies caused by nodes in quantum wave functions, but introducing blurred sampling addresses these difficulties and provides a robust framework for calculations.
3132h agoThe origin of large diffusion activation energies in glasses comes from back-and-forth correlated motion, not local rearrangement barriers.
3132h agoHeavy-tailed synaptic connectivity enables robust near-critical dynamics in neural networks by providing an automatic gain control that preserves high susceptibility near the critical point.
3132h agoA microscopic theory describes disordered electrons in both metallic and localized phases, covering extended Bloch waves and quantum bound states.
3132h agoThe limiting mutual information between signal and data in a statistical model for symmetric matrix factorization with additive Gaussian noise is given by a variational formula involving a rank-one replica symmetric potential.
3132h agoA new decoder using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm efficiently computes error probabilities for "matchable" qLDPC codes, enabling optimal decoding for surface codes, honeycomb Floquet codes, and hyperbolic surface codes with and without measurement errors.
3132h agoThe analysis of individual participant responses reveals that people learn more slowly during reversal learning than initial learning, and this difference can be explained by the replay of previous experiences that depends on the hippocampus.
3136h agoForward-projected Laplace-Beltrami eigenmodes provide a compact, anatomy-linked sensor representation for event-related EEG that captures cortical activity with high efficiency and reliability.
3136h agoSaffron's main compound, safranal, acts as a potential natural antidepressant by inhibiting the dopamine transporter, with properties that could minimise adverse effects.
3136h agoStimulation of the left temporal cortex enhances memory in humans if the stimulated area is structurally connected to a network involved in encoding.
3136h agoBrain regions with smaller oscillation radius and greater temporal variability respond more strongly to stimulation, and optimal targets for brain-state transitions are defined by their dynamical regime, not functional labels.
3136h agoFocal epilepsy disrupts the organization of brain systems in two key ways: it alters the expression of normal brain networks and their boundaries, and reconfigures the integration of multiple brain systems, leading to distinct topological phenotypes that relate to clinical features and cognitive deficits.
3136h agoInsomnia in females is linked with lower sigma power and less spindle and slow oscillation density compared to males with insomnia and female healthy sleepers.
3136h agoCellPheno, a 3D nuclei instance segmentation framework, enables high-throughput cellular phenotyping and quantifies an entire mouse brain within 15 hours.
3136h agoHippocampal damage causes a loss of detailed episodic memories across six decades, with specific parts of the hippocampus playing different roles in retrieving memories from different time periods.
3136h agoAlternative polyadenylation regulates gene expression differently in male and female mice during withdrawal from alcohol, influencing localized protein production in neurons and potentially modifying drinking behavior.
3136h agoThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) responds to a wide variety of auditory stimuli, including noise, pure tones, and music, and may play a role in shaping the perception of sound.
3140h agoDopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum work together in a coordinated way, with dopamine acting as a directional temporal guide for acetylcholine, to shape learning and action.
3140h agoThe novel method estimates time-resolved brain networks from fMRI data based on the instantaneous phase of parcel timeseries, providing insights into how brain regions synchronize and reorganize during task performance.
3140h agoLesion network mapping results are not spatially biased by dominant features of the normative connectome, and the method remains valid for mapping symptom-related brain networks when used with proper statistics and study design.
3140h agoBrain activity spreads across the cortex in structured patterns, with different frequencies propagating in distinct directions, and this propagation changes with age and is linked to cognitive ability.
3140h agoROIMAPer, a novel FIJI plugin, accurately registers individual brain slices to standard brain atlases, enabling precise analysis of brain images across multiple species and developmental stages.
3140h agoEarly life stress leads to changes in brain network dynamics, particularly in the prefrontal-amygdala circuit, causing impaired spread of activity from the prefrontal cortex to the amygdala in adult male rats.
3140h agoAdult fly muscles have different glutamate receptor expression than larval muscles, with distinct receptors in leg and flight muscles and even in adjacent muscles within the adult femur.
3140h agoAttentional control improves whole-system energy efficiency in visual processing by enabling the model to focus energy on task-relevant locations and features, reducing total energy use by up to 50%.
3140h agoThe nucleus retroambiguus contains three populations of neurons that regulate different vocalizations in mice: one population for ultrasonic vocalizations, one for distress calls, and one that is involved in both.
3140h agoNeurospheres, 3D cultures of rodent hippocampal cells, form compact structures with a mix of neurons and glial cells, and within two weeks, develop numerous synapses that are functional and structurally similar to natural synapses.
3140h agoThe brain generates anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) to ensure smooth actions, and in children, two distinct oscillatory mechanisms support APA: one related to immediate cortical inhibition linked to muscle control and another related to indirect alpha-mediated inhibition that may compensate for forearm instability.
3140h agoAdult oligodendroglia retain developmental chromatin patterns, which may shape repair processes and cancer vulnerability.
3144h agoContinuous theta-burst stimulation targeting the corticostriatal network suppresses striatal activity associated with motor learning, which could help treat disorders linked to hyperactive striatal responses.
3148h agoVTA dopamine neurons consist of distinct subtypes with different functions, including a combinatorial subtype that is selectively activated by cocaine experience and exhibits unique electrophysiological and projection properties.
3148h agoBeta power responses to naturalistic audio stimuli are linked to general temporal forecasting rather than specific linguistic functions.
3152h agoPeople with ADHD have difficulty using learned patterns to make predictions over a long period of time in dynamic environments.
3152h agoHumans can learn visual associations even when contexts change suddenly and unexpectedly, and a computational model shows that internal representations help prevent interference between conflicting associations.
3152h agoDisruption of coordinated neuronal population activity is a key feature of early-stage Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, with tau pathology contributing to changes in behavioral organization.
3152h agoAlcohol self-administration reduces mGlu2/3 protein expression in the nucleus accumbens, and activating group II metabotropic glutamate receptors can suppress binge-like ethanol consumption.
3152h agoOverexpressing Nrf2 in neurons reduces BACE1 protein levels and dystrophic neurites, which may protect neurons against pathologic changes caused by cerebral amyloid accumulation.
3152h agoFoveal crowding is substantially elevated in albinism, with a stronger effect for horizontally positioned flankers and no selectivity for target-flanker similarity.
3152h agoMid-capillary pericytes build a functional network with endothelial cells, allowing transmission of seizure-associated signals to arterioles, and their tone is controlled by signals from outside, not by their own electrical activity or calcium channels.
3152h agoA new framework reconstructs the interaction graph of neuronal networks by identifying synaptic links between pairs of neurons using their spike trains.
3156h agoInhibition-mediated normalization improves learning in artificial neural networks only when it is applied to both inputs and error signals.
3156h agoA new model called NeuroNarrator translates EEG segments into precise clinical narratives, enabling interpretable narrative generation that facilitates expert interpretation and supports clinical reporting workflows.
3156h agoNeural signals can be used as an alternative input to large language models, providing a potential solution for users with speech or motor impairments.
3156h agoIndividual letter-phonemes in English carry structured, multidimensional semantic signals that are systematically predicted by articulatory-phonetic features and generalize across languages.
3156h agoThe Agentic Cognitive Profiling framework realigns automated Alzheimer's Disease screening with clinical protocol logic, achieving a 90.5% score match rate and 85.3% accuracy in predicting Alzheimer's Disease.
3156h agoShared low-dimensional goal embeddings enable rapid adaptation to novel tasks in complex control systems by allowing policy and value functions to immediately adjust to new goals without retraining.
3156h agoThe hippocampus uses context-dependent sequential activity to flexibly change behavior, and a new model shows that imbalances in sensory and contextual representations can account for behaviors seen in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
3156h agoHeterogeneous networks with spike frequency adaptation show reduced firing frequency distribution, which promotes collective synchronization, and can be described by a low-dimensional system of equations that accurately captures the network's collective dynamics.
3156h agoA family of recurrent neural networks called Fast Weight Programmers uses two-dimensional matrix-form hidden states to serve as short-term memory storage.
3156h agoChaotic oscillators can be used to process data by capturing dynamics with a neural network, allowing the oscillators to be scaled up for machine learning tasks.
3156h agoDiscontinuity causes regular islands in two-dimensional maps to fragment into smaller regular components connected by chaotic channels, rather than being enclosed by a single invariant curve.
3156h agoThe nonlinear coupling parameter $\alpha$ between contraction rate and force generation in biological actuators tends to center around a characteristic value $\alpha^* = 3.85$ in nature, which optimizes a power-efficiency tradeoff and allows populations to adapt and remain robust over evolutionary timescales.
3156h agoNearest-neighbour deformations of integrable models can be classified into four types, which affect integrability and the onset of chaos in different ways.
3156h agoA data-driven model order reduction method based on dynamic mode decomposition accurately predicts the dynamic behavior of piecewise-linear nonlinear systems by reducing the number of degrees of freedom.
3156h agoContinuous functional equations model the behavior of meta-Fibonacci integer sequences, including Conway's sequence, and Hofstadter's sequence, by providing exact solutions that capture their global patterns.
3156h agoA formulation of an optimal control problem helps achieve a desired circulation in a two-dimensional diffusion process while speeding up convergence to a stationary distribution.
3156h agoThe linear limit continuation method constructs numerically exact solitary waves in two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with anisotropic harmonic traps and identifies many wave patterns across different regimes.
3156h agoA new method based on adaptive LASSO infers the interactions among oscillators from time series data, identifying the type and probabilities of pairwise and three-body couplings.
3156h agoThe Hebbian Physics Network (HPN) framework uses a plastic transport geometry to organize physical transport processes through local interactions that redistribute imbalance while preserving conservation.
3156h agoHeterogeneous networks with spike frequency adaptation show reduced firing frequency distribution, which promotes collective synchronization, and can be described by a low-dimensional system of equations that accurately captures the network's collective dynamics.
3156h agoNon-reciprocal interactions lead to large-scale unidirectional dynamics in free-standing slender structures, allowing active filaments to move and perform functions like crawling, digging, and walking.
3156h agoA new method characterizes the distribution of length-scales in finite, disordered patterns with radial symmetry, and can distinguish between regular patterns, diffusion-limited aggregation patterns, and patterns formed by drying colloid-laden droplets.
3156h agoThe random field Ising model on a generalized Petersen Graph shows that the system's response to an external field is not affected by different connectivity between nodes when the coordination number is fixed, and critical behaviour is absent.
3156h agoRegions with a positive second derivative of the yield stress dominate local yield surfaces in two-dimensional Lennard-Jones glasses.
3156h agoThe new Monte Carlo algorithm efficiently simulates the two-dimensional Random Field Ising Model, allowing for fast sampling of the system's dynamics, especially at low temperatures and low disorder.
3156h agoPhysical selectors can map their high-dimensional signatures to arbitrary payloads using a single linear decoder, merging selection and memory access into one event and potentially eliminating latency and energy issues in sparse routing architectures.
3156h agoA microscopic theory of disordered electrons covering metallic and localized phases is presented, providing a framework for analyzing properties across the range of disorder strength.
3156h agoMachine learning struggles to learn certain complex phases of matter, specifically non-trivial mixed-state phases, because they are computationally hard to learn.
3156h agoHeterogeneous networks with spike frequency adaptation show reduced firing frequency distribution, which promotes collective synchronization, and can be described by a low-dimensional system of equations that accurately captures the network's collective dynamics.
3156h agoThe Russian Doll Model exhibits a rich phase structure with transitions between localized, ergodic, and multifractal phases, depending on the parameters of time-reversal symmetry breaking and hopping term.
3156h agoThe simulations show that the scaling properties of the interface at the depinning transition match those of the Directed Percolation Depinning universality class, with computed critical exponents and a probability density function of front fluctuations that differs from the KPZ equation.
3156h agoA new automated analysis pipeline can detect and track changes in the function of tens of thousands of synapses, enabling the identification of compounds that protect synapse function.
3156h agoAging disrupts slow oscillations in the brain during sleep by selectively degrading recurrent excitatory connections, which affects memory consolidation.
3156h agoResidence in disadvantaged neighborhoods is associated with poorer brain health, including older brain age, lower total brain tissue volume, and greater regional volume loss.
3156h agoPOU6F2-expressing retinal ganglion cells are essential for binocular predatory behavior, and their loss leads to deficits in contrast sensitivity and impaired visually guided behavior.
3156h agoNeural population activity evolves on low-dimensional manifolds and can be described as trajectories in attractor-like state spaces, and a unified definition of clustered neural networks shows that metastable dynamics are supported across a continuum of structural and synaptic clustering.
3156h agoThe brain shifts its focus from external sensory information to internal bodily signals as it moves from wakefulness to REM sleep.
3160h agoInhibiting the mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isoform CA-VB prevents Alzheimer's disease-related cerebrovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment.
3160h agoDecodanda, a Python toolbox, provides functions for decoding and analyzing neural population activity, automating best-practice safeguards to prevent misleading conclusions.
3160h agoOctopus brain cells respond to specific neurotransmitters differently in the optic lobes, and this response can be recorded using a method that works for other cephalopods and small invertebrates.
3160h agoChildren with ADHD have different gray matter volume in their brains, especially in the prefrontal cortex and some parts of the striatum, with patterns varying by region and individual.
3160h agoBasal ganglia pathology in Parkinson's disease shows a specific spatial pattern, including posterior degeneration and hemispheric asymmetry, that corresponds to lateralized motor symptoms.
3160h agoA novel method allows for integrating rigid electrical components into soft and flexible implants, enabling robust and durable connections for chronic peripheral nerve interfacing.
3160h agoEngineered AAV9 capsid variants, guided by the LRP6 protein, enable efficient penetration of the blood-brain barrier, delivering genes to brain cells 3-40 times more effectively than standard AAV9 vectors.
3164h agoMotion helps people perceive objects clearly when their appearance is unclear, and artificial vision systems that mimic the brain's processing of moving objects can also improve their accuracy.
3164h agoBrain MRI markers, especially when combined, accurately predict cognitive functioning in adults, explaining a substantial portion of differences in cognitive ability between people.
3164h agoHtr3a helps regulate the brain's fear circuit, and its absence disrupts normal brain activity and impairs the ability to reduce fear responses.
3164h agoMind wandering is mainly linked to ADHD symptoms, and its association with other psychiatric conditions is largely due to a shared liability with attentional dysregulation.
3164h agoChildren's third-party altruistic behavior is driven by multiple motives, including a desire for fairness and self-interest, which interact to influence their decisions to punish or help others.
3164h agoTMS to the dlPFC facilitates inhibitory firing in executive control networks and suppresses limbic excitatory drive in deep brain circuits.
3164h agoFacilitatory spatial interactions in pain perception depend on attentional focus and spatial attribution of pain maxima, not lateral inhibition.
3164h agoDopamine loss causes gait deficits and alters movement encoding in the Subthalamic Nucleus, and deep brain stimulation rescues gait deficits and reduces abnormal brain activity.
3168h agoMicrostimulation suppresses excitatory neurons and increases activity in inhibitory neurons in the visual cortex, and inhibition plays a key role in shaping circuit changes caused by the stimulation.
3168h agoSoft touch stimulation activates neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus, including those traditionally associated with pain processing, and this activation is comparable to that caused by painful stimuli.
3168h agoDeep brain stimulation causes different responses in two brain circuits, and normalizes some connections while disrupting others.
3172h agoA schizophrenia-associated mutation impairs belief updating in mice by weakening mediodorsal thalamus activity, and boosting this activity restores flexible decision-making.
3172h agoThe prefrontal cortex encodes decisions to huddle in mice during cold exposure, and silencing neural activity in some mice causes partners to compensate.
3172h agoAstrocytic VCAM1 regulates hippocampal synapse development, and its loss impairs excitatory synapses, while its addition increases excitatory synapse density.
3172h agoMutations in the Synaptotagmin family of proteins disrupt synaptic transmission by different mechanisms, including dominant-negative effects on calcium binding, gain-of-function effects that enhance neurotransmitter release, and protein degradation.
3172h agoAn innovative carbon-based neural probe records electrical and chemical signals simultaneously from both surface and deep regions of the brain, revealing mechanisms of signal propagation among neuronal cells in three dimensions.
3172h agoChildren with longer sleep onset latencies, especially those with autism and ADHD, have weaker transitions from wake to stable sleep, showing poor initiation of stable sleep physiology and signs of hyperarousal.
3172h agoA cerebellum-inspired kernel improves the detection of novel stimuli in machine learning by enhancing the separability of in-distribution and out-of-distribution samples.
3172h agoEEG data can classify category representations in the brain, with images yielding higher accuracy than words, and parietal and left temporal electrodes contributing most to image classification.
3172h agoScientists use optogenetics to manipulate and study neural activity in mosquitoes, allowing them to measure behaviors that lead to biting and blood feeding.
3172h agoA wearable sensor on the lower back can help identify people at risk of stroke by detecting subtle changes in their gait and posture.
3180h agoExpectations learned from previous experiences influence pain, with people reporting greater pain in response to stimuli conceptually related to high-pain cues.
3180h agoThe first kangaroo mother care session immediately enhances brain activity in preterm infants and synchrony between the infant's and mother's brains, and the strength of this brain synchrony is linked to the infant's brain network organization.
3180h agoEEG foundation model Laya, based on Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures, learns better transferable brain representations than models based on signal reconstruction.
3180h agoA new method that uses a sparse hierarchical Bayesian model and multi-modal data from the Implicit Association Test (IAT) predicts mental illness symptoms in new participants with accuracy above near-chance levels, achieving area under the curve (AUC) scores of 0.73 to 0.79.
3180h agoNeuromodulation by norepinephrine influences different preBötzinger complex neuronal subtypes by modulating calcium-activated nonspecific cationic current and inositol-triphosphate, impacting neuron-specific properties.
3180h agoTheories of consciousness need to broaden their scope to include seven key aspects: phenomena, self, causation, state, function, contents, and universality, to establish a comprehensive understanding of consciousness.
3180h agoDynamics in low-rank networks can be high- or low-dimensional, depending on the network structure, and are often suppressed in directions aligned with the network's low-rank structure.
3180h agoDense Associative Memories and diffusion models create new, incorrect attractors, called spurious states, as training data size increases, which can aid generative capabilities.
3180h agoA variant of the Eisenhart lift embeds a Lagrangian conservative dynamical system into timelike geodesics of a conformally flat metric on a higher dimensional space-time.
3180h agoA data-driven approach produces a generative model that predicts the long-time dynamical behavior of systems with a weakly attracting manifold, by extracting a minimal nonlinear dynamical model from experimental observations.
3180h agoSynchronized calling behavior emerges between neighboring male treefrogs depending on their distances, even when call frequency and chorus density vary.
3180h agoDestruction of a multi-turn invariant curve occurs through the appearance of local multiple bends, and numerical artifacts can be avoided with increased machine arithmetic accuracy.
3180h agoA novel 2+1-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation with temporal modulation has integrable Ermakov-Painlev\'e II symmetry reduction and its exact solution can be applied to a class of Stefan-type moving boundary problems.
3180h agoPhase modulation alters the dynamics of temporal localized structures in Kerr micro-cavities by governing their emergence through synchronization with the imposed modulation and intrinsic pulse dynamics.
3180h agoScientists propose a pipeline that uses descriptive statistics and gradient descent optimizers to engineer complex systems with desired emergent features.
3180h agoThe power-law decay of the survival probability in Erdős-Renyi random networks is proportional to $t^{-D_{2}}$, and the correlation hole of the survival probability scales with the average degree of the network.
3180h agoSimple shear flow induces flow-aligned chain formation of particles suspended in viscoelastic fluids when the local particle Weissenberg number exceeds unity.
3180h agoRapid intensification of tropical cyclones in the eastern Caribbean Sea and adjacent western tropical North Atlantic is more likely with a deep thermocline, a thin barrier layer, and increased translational speed.
3180h agoThe Gauss-Givental integral representation is obtained for the eigenfunctions of the quantum Toda chain with BC type boundary interaction.
3180h agoThe wave functions of the quantum BC Toda chain are symmetric with respect to signed permutations of spectral parameters and diagonalize Baxter operators.
3180h agoThe out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) measures the sensitivity of quantum systems to initial conditions, translating classical chaotic behavior into a linear framework, and distinguishes between local instability and global chaos.
3180h agoLinear and nonlinear Thouless pumping can be realized in Bose-Einstein condensates using a sliding helicoidal spin-orbit coupling, resulting in stable quantized transport of solitons under certain conditions.
3180h agoA new algorithm that combines a variational method with a control-based particle filter effectively reduces computational cost while maintaining accuracy in filtering nonlinear systems with rare events.
3180h agoA novel data-driven method identifies nonlinear restoring forces in mechanical systems by approximating nonlinear functions with a linear combination of piecewise linear springs.
3180h agoSpace-time modulation in an electro-mechanical system creates a variety of breathers, including Floquet breathers, which have different frequencies and stability properties depending on the driving frequency.
3180h agoDispersive shock waves are generated in physical settings such as optical waveguide arrays and superfluids confined within optical lattices, and can be modeled using a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential.
3180h agoChaotic orbits in Hamiltonian dynamics show exponential divergence between nearby trajectories through a multiplicative discrete process, with sharp increases in separation at turning points where the trajectory bounces off the boundary of the energetically allowed region.
3180h agoDiffraction tailoring in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media influences key beam properties, including amplitude, beam width, phase-front curvature, and phase-space evolution, and allows for control of beam dynamics.
3180h agoThe growth rate of the logarithmic Mahler measure coincides with the algebraic entropy in discrete dynamical systems with the Laurent property and cluster algebras.
3180h agoNonreciprocal electrohydrodynamic interactions sustain persistent active clusters in bidisperse colloidal suspensions driven by AC electric fields.
3180h agoPost-selection changes the nature of the measurement-induced phase transition by altering its universality class, and this transition shares the same universality class as the entanglement transition of Random Tensor Networks.
3180h agoMinimizing a logarithmically compressed variance of local energies improves convergence in neural networks used to determine quantum states of interacting many-body fermionic systems.
3180h agoConditioning on an internal clock restores self-averaging of time-averaged observables in systems with weak ergodicity breaking, and time-averaged transport coefficients follow the Mittag-Leffler distribution when rescaled by their mean.
3180h agoThe flow of a Bingham yield-stress fluid in a pore network model with blocked throats exhibits two distinct flow regimes: one above the percolation threshold where flow is characterized by deterministic values, and one at the percolation threshold where flow is governed by the critical percolation backbone.
3180h agoThe fractal architecture of biological tissues jointly controls the expansion of coagulation zones during thermal ablation, influencing clinical outcomes.
3180h agoThe quantum annealing process in the random Ising model on a cubic lattice follows the Kibble-Zurek power law as annealing time increases.
3180h agoStochastic resetting accelerates policy convergence in reinforcement learning by truncating long, uninformative trajectories, even when it does not reduce search time, and improves deep reinforcement learning in difficult exploration tasks with sparse rewards.
3180h agoThe power-law banded random matrix ensemble can be interpreted as Hamiltonians of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems, showing different phases that correspond to entanglement transitions.
3180h agoMachine learning with analog signals can be made to work despite imperfections by using a new system-agnostic training method that overcomes the problems caused by component and measurement flaws.
3180h agoA mobility edge exists in the spectrum of two coupled tight-binding chains with incommensurate periods, characterized by an abrupt onset of localization in higher-energy states.
3180h agoTransformer architectures can be understood through a new operator-theoretic framework that describes their mechanics in a language familiar to many-body physics, revealing that self-attention acts like a non-Hermitian interaction operator and network depth is an ordered composition of these interactions.
3180h agoIsing machines can rapidly converge to near-optimal energies for solving complex optimization problems, typically within a constant number of matrix vector multiplications.
3180h agoA new quantum protocol combines reverse quantum annealing with optimized initial distributions to estimate partition functions of Ising spin glasses, dramatically reducing estimator variance and computational scaling exponents.
3180h agoDense Associative Memories and diffusion models create new, incorrect attractors, called spurious states, as training data size increases, which can aid generative capabilities.
3180h agoMuller glia derived neurons in the adult zebrafish retina restore neuronal diversity and key features of retinal circuit organization after injury.
3180h agoSeizures worsen tau pathology in brain regions with increased seizure activity, and seizure-activated neurons are more likely to develop tau pathology, leading to enhanced tau propagation throughout the brain.
3180h agoTet1 dosage determines differences in binge-eating susceptibility by regulating the connection between certain brain areas.
3180h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure impairs the ability of an enriched environment to boost the growth of new brain cells, and fluoxetine cannot restore this impaired growth in an enriched environment.
3184h agoPeople with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have weaker attention to task cues when faced with unpleasant or OCD-related distractors, due to stronger competition for visual processing resources.
3184h agoRecurrent neural networks with biophysical properties, such as dendrites and active ionic currents, can efficiently solve working memory tasks when cue inputs are delivered through NMDA receptors at the dendrite.
3184h agoK+ levels decrease unevenly within the ischemic core region after a stroke, with some areas losing K+ faster than others, but these differences are not related to neuronal damage.
3184h agoA model of mouse primary visual cortex with 67,000 neurons integrates multiple types of biological data to simulate brain activity, reproducing benchmarks and uncovering new insights into synaptic organization and network function.
3184h agoLef1, a key transcription factor, is not essential for maintaining the blood-brain barrier, as its loss only causes minor dysregulation, and other Tcf/Lef family members or regulatory circuits can preserve CNS microvasculature function.
3184h agoNeural variability in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to structured variability, not random noise, and shifts toward criticality before slower behavioral responses.
3184h agoE-PG neurons help flies maintain a stable direction towards an odor source by combining visual motion signals with their sense of head direction.
3184h agoIndividuals with intermittent explosive disorder show idiosyncratic neural responses to social cues during social-emotional processing, which may lead to maladaptive interpretations and impulsive aggression.
3184h agoActivation of specific octopaminergic neurons increases food consumption in flies, and these neurons work with dopaminergic neurons and a mushroom-body output neuron to control feeding behavior.
3188h agoCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is associated with changes in lipid composition in brain vessels, with CAA-present vessels enriched for gangliosides and CAA-absent vessels characterized by higher contributions from phosphatidylserines.
3188h agoHSV-1 infection drives microglial remodeling, characterized by a dominance of interferon-responsive states and a loss of homeostatic signatures, leading to persistent neuroinflammation.
3188h agoBrain-derived extracellular vesicles can be successfully collected and analyzed using cerebral open-flow microdialysis, revealing a unique molecular landscape of small noncoding RNA cargos that reflect brain-specific signatures and are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
3188h agoThe pathology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder spreads from astrocytes to oligodendrocytes through soluble complement proteins, causing oligodendrocyte death and demyelination.
3188h agoThe mechanical interactions between neurons and their extracellular matrix play a central role in guiding axonal growth.
3188h agoVigilance states are linked to changes in brain dynamics, marked by distinct patterns of phase synchronization and phase-amplitude coupling that reorganize across sleep and wakefulness.
3188h agoRetro-cues can rescue a percept that would otherwise be processed non-consciously if the sensory trace is sufficiently robust, but only when stimulus visibility is high.
3188h agoChanges in glial cells and the blood-brain barrier contribute to anxiety and depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
3188h agoThe control of urination is governed by specific cellular, synaptic, and motor unit properties, including a hierarchical recruitment pattern of external urethral sphincter motor units and distinct biophysical properties of urinary parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
3192h agoThe stomach's intrinsic rhythm modulates human neural activity through widespread, broadband phase-amplitude coupling with cortical oscillations across delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands.
3192h agoComplement factor 3 and cluster of differentiation 14 play differential roles in inducing cytokines in brain areas after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury, but are not involved in the injury site.
3192h agoAbnormalities in self-referential processing are present across different psychiatric disorders and may be characterized by disrupted default mode network engagement and compensatory recruitment of control-related frontal regions.
3192h agoNew information reorganizes existing knowledge in the human brain through the reactivation of prior neural representations.
3192h agoA new method called POPE-13C-MRS allows for non-invasive detection of glutamate, GABA, and lactate metabolism in the human brain, enabling study of excitatory-inhibitory balance and neurometabolic coupling.
3192h agoThe protein Nidogen helps guide regenerating motor axons in the mature nervous system by facilitating their growth alongside neighboring intact neuronal processes, promoting synapse reformation and functional recovery.
3192h agoNeuropeptide systems in the human brain are comprehensively mapped, revealing their organizational principles and linking their architecture to behavior and evolution.
3196h agoThe brain's default-mode network, including the rostromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the right cerebellar Crus I & II, supports goal-directed remote thinking, a key component of creative cognition.
3196h agoThe L253P mutation in beta-III-spectrin causes a subcellular redistribution of the protein in Purkinje neurons, leading to impaired motor activity and disruption of postsynaptic signaling.
3196h agoAdult layer-specific transcriptional programs maintain specialized astrocyte structure and signaling in the cortex.
3196h agoAutism impairs the brain's ability to integrate contextual information into perceptual processes, with key aspects of semantic coding preserved but neural signatures of contextualization reduced.
3196h agoThe brain's perception is influenced by previous experiences, causing current perceptions to appear similar to past stimuli, and this effect can transfer across senses and is controlled by attention.
3196h agoUltraslow oscillations in the medial entorhinal cortex play a role in linking spatiotemporal memories acquired during navigation by inducing changes in grid cell dynamics.
3196h agoBrain dynamics are organized into a limited number of reproducible coordination modes, not a single continuous dimension or hierarchical axis, and these modes link micro and macroscale brain organization.
3196h agoSleep converts learning-induced brain changes into stable memories by reorganizing brain activity, specifically by recalibrating brain wave patterns that are disrupted by learning and then restored during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
3196h agoA proposed loss function in neuroscience compares neuronal responses to external and internal signals, and this difference corresponds to the XOR function, which can be implemented in a simple neural motif.
3196h agoLarge-scale traveling waves causally contribute to inter-areal communication during attention, with stronger waves leading to better performance in attentional search tasks.
3196h agoThe choroid plexus endothelium is a structurally specialized, developmentally dynamic, and mechanosensitive vascular network that plays a key role in blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function.
3196h agoEmbryonic Reln and Dab1 neurons co-expressing Lmx1b develop from early-born dI5 neurons, migrate to form distinct populations, and give rise to glutamatergic projection neurons and interneurons.
3196h agoD-MEM, a biologically inspired memory architecture, reduces token consumption by over 80% and eliminates bottlenecks in autonomous LLM agents by decoupling short-term interaction from long-term memory restructuring.
3204h agoMusic stimulation during driving enhances brain network coordination and information exchange, which can improve understanding of music cognition and motor control.
3204h agoThe transformer, a modern artificial neural network, provides a natural computational analogy for multiple elements of cortical microcircuit organization in the brain.
3204h agoSpiking neural networks with neurons that spike only once are equivalent to those with neurons that spike multiple times in terms of their ability to approximate target functions.
3204h agoVision foundation models trained with self-supervised objectives capture object structure in a human-like manner, and their alignment with human object perception improves with model generations, particularly with transformer-based models trained with the DINO objective.
3204h agoA new machine learning framework called deep probabilistic model synthesis combines data from multiple instances of the same system to create a general model.
3204h agoOscillatory neural network elements support accurate classification with few trainable parameters, and choosing oscillator frequencies based on brain rhythms improves classification accuracy.
3204h agoSpiking neural networks can control systems with sparse neural activity using a task-specific method that does not need continuous energy input.
3204h agoCoordinated spike-timing activity in neural circuits may support cognitive states and long-term working memory through a second tier of neural activity that coexists with sensorimotor brain activity.
3204h agoSchemas help humans and animals generalize knowledge and adapt behavior across contexts, and a new computational framework called schema-based hierarchical active inference explains how this process works.
3204h agoThe brain's electrical activity shows scale-invariant behavior, following power laws and remaining consistent across different scales, when operating slightly below criticality with a balance of excitation and inhibition.
3204h agoIntracranial language brain-computer interfaces face limitations in clinical translation due to fragmented evidence and unresolved design trade-offs, and researchers highlight persistent bottlenecks including weak cross-subject transfer and limited naturalistic expressivity.
3204h agoA unified neural architecture called DIME (Detect-Integrate-Mark-Execute) organizes perception, memory, valuation, and conscious access within a common operational cycle.
3204h agoA theory of consciousness must address seven key questions to establish a unified understanding, and researchers propose a new model, the Dual-Laws Model, which suggests two unique features of conscious systems: autonomy in goal-setting and cognitive decoupling from external stimuli.
3204h agoNeural representations in deep learning models and monkey brains diverge in image classification tasks.
3204h agoPerformance-dependent network evolution produces compact computer models that accurately predict neuronal dynamics and recover the structure of a canonical neuronal system from data alone.
3204h agoEnstrophy extremes in turbulence have a forecast skill that persists from 1 to over 4 Lyapunov times, and their predictability is mainly controlled by large-scale structures.
3204h agoThe Boussinesq-Klein-Gordon equation's solution leads to two copies of the Ostrovsky equation, which describes the evolution of waves with local defects and perturbations, and predicts that these waves can lead to strong bursts or rogue waves.
3204h agoFrequency heterogeneity increases the global order parameter in oscillator networks with strong triadic interactions, but its effect depends on the strength of the heterogeneity.
3204h agoChaotic variation in external inputs can trigger rate-induced tipping in physical systems with multiple attracting solutions, causing them to switch from one attractor to another.
3204h agoDiffraction tailoring in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media strongly influences key beam properties, and engineering diffraction in such media allows effective control of beam dynamics.
3204h agoMinimal architectures can successfully store multiple chaotic attractors, but struggle with task switching between attractors in response to external cues.
3204h agoThe Purwins model reveals that a subcritical finite wavenumber Hopf bifurcation produces spatiotemporal localized and extended structures, including jumping oscillons and traveling pulses, which emerge in one and two space dimensions.
3204h agoA sparse random graph with independent edges can produce finite clustering without geometric or higher-order constraints if it has an infinite-mean node fitness.
3204h agoA generic closed many-body system prepared in a well-behaved initial state and subjected to a periodic drive will thermalize, approaching a state of maximal entropy, unless local observables exist that are periodic in time.
3204h agoControlling a network along a desired path requires identifying which nodes to directly control, and a new method provides conditions and a greedy heuristic to select these nodes in networks with complex interactions.
3204h agoA sudden and large disturbance in a control parameter, called a shock, drives a system from one state to another through a process called shock-induced tipping.
3204h agoIn diverse microbial communities, closely-related strains can coexist due to indirect interactions with other community members that reduce competition and promote correlated growth rates.
3204h agoThe study gives a uniform large genus asymptotics for primitive psi-class intersection numbers on the moduli space of stable algebraic curves, and uses this result to inform a formal solution of the Painlev\'e I equation.
3204h agoAmoeboid motion relies on the interplay between intracellular biochemical signaling and physical mechanics of the cell membrane to enable cell motility essential for processes such as immune response and wound healing.
3204h agoThe relation between oscillons and underlying Q-balls holds even with nontrivial kinematics, and oscillons with different potentials belong to the same or different universality classes depending on the approximation used.
3204h agoBilinear forms and their Casoratian solutions are derived for several fourth-order lattice Gel'fand-Dikii equations, and these equations can be extended by introducing a parameter.
3204h agoCellular automata with finite alphabet over a surjunctive group universe cannot produce strict embeddings of the full shift into itself.
3204h agoRandom permutation circuits exhibit quantum chaos when the dimension of their local configuration space exceeds two, as shown by the linear growth of local operator entanglement over time.
3204h agoFermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou-like recurrence occurs in weakly damped, periodically driven alpha-FPUT chains, where steady-state energy is exchanged among a few low-frequency modes in a quasi-periodic manner.
3204h agoNonlinear resonators respond to multifrequency driving with rich dynamics, where a secondary drive induces phase transitions between coexisting states, governed by detuning and relative amplitudes.
3204h agoInteraction and rotation drive a crossover from integrable to quantum chaos behavior in a system of trapped interacting bosons, with the chaos increasing as interaction energy and rotation strengthen.
3204h agoA dynamical mean-field framework identifies mechanisms that enable Ising machines to rapidly converge to near-optimal energies for solving complex optimization tasks.
3204h agoA reconfigurable particle packing programmed by local cyclic driving exhibits associative-memory behavior, with performance depending on task difficulty and the system's mechanical response.
3204h agoDynamical Mean Field Theory equations for a broad class of dynamics are derived using a formalized dynamical cavity method.
3204h agoGeoenergy projects face four recurring bottlenecks - scarce field performance data, inadequate uncertainty assessment, weak scale-bridging, and insufficient quality assurance - that limit progress in balancing performance and risks.
3204h agoThe maximal wave-function amplitude at the integer quantum Hall transition separates into a global gain and an intrinsic extreme component.
3204h agoBoltzmann sampling of neural networks using a pseudo-Langevin dynamics method allows efficient exploration of low-loss solutions, scaling to networks with over one million parameters and yielding optimal generalization performance.
3204h agoA sparse random graph with independent edges can produce finite clustering without geometric or higher-order constraints if it has an infinite-mean node fitness.
3204h agoDense associative memories with a log-sum-exp kernel sustain pattern retrieval at high temperatures when the stored pattern load is low, whereas those with a log-sum-ReLU kernel have a limited load range for perfect retrieval.
3204h agoA method called distance learning, which uses a neural discriminator to estimate statistical distances between distributions, reveals regimes with different dominant correlations in quantum many-body systems and correctly recovers boundaries between distinct correlation regimes.
3204h agoGraph neural networks can predict the dynamic heterogeneity of model glass-forming liquids across different temperatures using only static particle configurations.
3204h agoA universal approach accurately predicts the non-isothermal behaviour of alloys and estimates key parameters, such as linear thermal expansion coefficient, with results that match experimental data.
3204h agoA framework called ScienceClaw + Infinite enables independent agents to conduct scientific research autonomously, without central coordination, and produces auditable scientific records through structured outputs.
3204h agoA single ensemble of random transfer-matrix products provides a unified realization of the canonical one-point fluctuation laws in directed polymers in random media in (1+1) dimensions.
3204h agoNeural quantum states can accurately simulate extended periodic systems in solid-state materials, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy across diverse benchmarks.
3204h agoA two-dimensional particle model shows that a non-equilibrium glass transition occurs before an absorbing transition at high packing fractions, and the jamming transition that follows has properties similar to those of thermal glasses.
3204h agoQuantum annealing processors can now perform analog-digital quantum computing, expanding their capabilities beyond simple annealing operations.
3204h agoNeural quantum states exhibit the double descent phenomenon, where generalization worsens as network size increases before improving again, but typically operate in an underparameterized regime where network size is limited.
3204h agoA chip-level spintronic Ising machine using voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random access memory enables ultra-low-power and high-speed computation for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
3204h agoKinetic magnetism emerges from the interference of paths taken by a hole in a sea of strongly interacting fermions, and its magnetic order can be shaped and tuned by embedding kinetic frustration.
3204h agoThe universal behaviors of critical phenomena in quantum Hall transitions are affected by the thickness of the material, causing a deviation from 2D universality and a crossover to 3D physics.
3204h agoAdding a link and allowing neighboring nodes to rewire their links leads to a discontinuous transition in an explosive percolation model, even with a finite number of rewiring nodes.
3204h agoOhmic dissipation and quenched disorder combine to smear two out of three quantum phase transitions in the random quantum Ashkin-Teller model.
3204h agoDisorder in quantum systems drives a transition from ergodic to non-ergodic phases, with an intermediate regime showing glass-like characteristics where some degrees of freedom are frozen and spin diffusion disappears.
3204h agoThe Tool-Narayanaswamy material-time concept works well for simulating the physical aging of a binary liquid after a temperature increase, but its accuracy decreases when the system is far from equilibrium.
3204h agoThe brain's electrical activity shows scale-invariant behavior, following power laws and remaining consistent across different scales, when operating slightly below criticality with a balance of excitation and inhibition.
3204h agoThe Mpemba effect, where a system farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than a closer one, can occur in many-body systems even when they are in a linear-response regime.
3204h agoThe internal structure of urban economies fundamentally limits proximity to employment, making it impossible to ensure uniformly short commutes even with optimal workplace placement.
3204h agoThe electrophysiological characterization of iconic memory shows that different neural processes are involved in encoding and maintaining stimuli and in selecting information for conscious report.
3204h agoFerritin accumulation and TDP-43 pathology define distinct ALS subtypes with different metabolic vulnerabilities, including disrupted lipid, membrane, and energy metabolism when both pathologies co-occur.
3204h agoThe oral sensory system detects glucose-yielding carbohydrates through an enzymatic metabolic sensing mechanism that involves glucokinase in taste cells and maltase glucoamylase, allowing for rapid evaluation of the metabolic value of food.
3204h agoNeurons in auditory and prefrontal cortices maintain tone-specific information and then translate it into action by changing their spiking activity during working memory tasks.
3204h agoA daily lifestyle intervention that combines light, food, and exercise improves sleep, metabolic health, and memory in mice, including those with Alzheimer's disease.
3204h agoPrimates' brain activity tracks key social interactions, including grooming and movement, and one monkey's actions and brain activity even predict the other's brain activity while being groomed.
3204h agoObesity causes changes in skin capillaries that lead to increased production of nerve growth factor, which in turn causes pain hypersensitivity by affecting sensory nerves.
3204h agoRisk-taking behavior changes with age and can serve as a marker of brain aging, with computational models showing age-related alterations in decision-making processes and brain structure.
3204h agoMagnocellular-cortical pathways quickly adapt to new threat associations and facilitate rapid threat retrieval, even for faces that look neutral.
3204h agoSIRT3 regulates metabolism and protects against stress and death in nasal cells, and its optimal levels may help counteract the negative effects of Abeta oligomers in Alzheimer's disease.
3204h agoA new brain-computer interface allows people with paralysis to type on a QWERTY keyboard using their attempted finger movements.
3212h agoStool-derived extracellular vesicles tested with a seed amplification assay, especially with pre-incubation, accurately detect Parkinson's disease in patients.
3212h agoSynAPSeg, a new deep learning framework, enables fully automated segmentation and quantification of synaptic puncta, and reveals regional differences in synapse properties and aging-associated synaptic changes.
3212h agoHemin and iron released after intracerebral hemorrhage trigger genome damage, senescence, and inflammation that contribute to persistent neurodegeneration.
3212h agoMice use vision to avoid obstacles, steering around them at distances where touch isn't possible, and make directed paths guided by visual information.
3212h agoMale and female rats develop different types of pain and behaviors after burn injury, with females experiencing different pain responses, more severe gait abnormalities, but not anxiety-like behavior, compared to males.
3212h agoPresynaptic homeostatic plasticity occurs in the adult mammalian brain at synapses, and specific experimental methods are needed to study it.
3212h agoAlpha- and beta-subunits of voltage-gated sodium channels are densely expressed in axon initial segments of neurons in different brain regions, with unique and partially overlapping distributions among neuronal subpopulations.
3212h agoThe frontal eye field (FEF) is located at Brodmann's area 6 in the middle frontal gyrus and adjacent areas, and is situated anteriorly to the precentral motor cortex and functionally at the level of the hand motor area.
3212h agoA novel computational framework based on the Active Inference Framework reveals that impulsivity in women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is characterized by heightened sensitivity to sequential evaluation and a specific pattern of parameter changes across the menstrual cycle.
3212h agoImplantable electrodes trigger an inflammatory response in brain cells, which leads to damage and the activation of protective mechanisms, and the size of the electrode has a greater impact on this response than the material used.
3212h agoThe visual system encodes directional information from sparse local kinematic cues in a category-invariant manner, allowing humans to detect biological motion and its direction across different animals and actions.
3212h agoThe left primary motor cortex does not play a causal role in learning new motor sequences that fit a pre-existing cognitive-motor schema.
3212h agoThe Zhi-Shi-Huang-Wu Formula (F-2), a combination of four herbs, shows more effective neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease-like symptoms than individual herbs by reducing dopamine neuron degeneration, alpha-synuclein accumulation, and oxidative stress.
3212h agoMutations in the CDKL5 gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset seizures, motor impairment, and facial abnormalities.
3212h agoThe three-dimensional organization of the genome acts as a regulatory layer that determines the regenerative potential of adult central nervous system neurons.
3216h agoThe gmLDS method accurately captures neural activity, gain, and connectivity by decomposing interactions into time-varying gain and static low-rank connectivity components.
3216h agoNeural oscillations occur in brief, burst-like events called SPatially Organized Oscillatory Cliques (SPOOCs) that are cohesive in space, time, and frequency and rapidly reconfigure neuronal assemblies during stimulus processing.
3220h agoExposure to chemicals like BPA and VPA causes changes in brain cell development, including altered morphology, gene expression, and electrical activity, in a laboratory model of early brain development.
3220h agoProtein turnover in human neurons was measured by a new platform, revealing 10,792 protein half-lives and showing globally conserved proteome dynamics with subtype-specific differences.
3220h agoOptineurin downregulation triggers early mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to alterations in proteostasis, synaptic function, and neuroinflammation, and ultimately contributes to the degeneration of specific neurons in Alzheimer's disease.
3220h agoA new organoid system called neuroids, built from adult spinal cord ependymal neural stem cells, spontaneously differentiates into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and recapitulates the injury niche, allowing study of how the adult injury environment regulates stem cell fate.
3220h agoSomatodendritic release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from dopamine neurons regulates synaptic strength across dopamine neurons by inducing long-term potentiation at GABAergic synapses and long-term depression at glutamatergic synapses.
3220h agoIn autistic females aged 8-17, reduced functional connectivity between the putamen and frontal regions, particularly in attentional regulation, is linked to executive function impairments.
3220h agoElff, an NCAM family member, is required for postsynaptic assembly, maturation, and alignment with presynaptic release sites, but not for presynaptic function or bouton formation, to ensure proper neurotransmission at glutamatergic synapses.
3220h agoAstrocytes in the brain can be converted into oligodendrocyte cells, which produce myelin, through the forced overexpression of specific transcription factors.
3220h agoIntracranial language brain-computer interfaces face limitations in clinical translation due to fragmented evidence and unresolved design trade-offs across neuroscience, hardware, and algorithms.
3228h agoThe DIME neural architecture organizes perception, memory, valuation, and conscious access within a common operational cycle, integrating these phenomena into a unified computational framework.
3228h agoNeural assemblies form through a new selection mechanism called E%-winners-take-all, which makes their size dependent on the network's dynamics and improves their recovery rate when recalling stimuli.
3228h agoA unified brain-to-sentence decoding framework decodes both speech production and perception in Mandarin Chinese, enabling sentence-level decoding from single-character data and allowing comparison of neural dynamics across modalities.
3228h agoTheories of consciousness should address seven key questions to establish a comprehensive understanding, and a proposed model suggests that conscious systems have autonomy in goal-setting and cognitive decoupling from external stimuli.
3228h agoA desynchronization scheme uses a peculiar point in the phase space of a neuronal system, called the centroid, to determine the specific times and intensities of pulses that can disrupt pathological over-synchronization in conditions such as epilepsy and Parkinson disease.
3228h agoThe PsyCogMetrics AI Lab platform uses psychometric and cognitive-science methodologies to evaluate Large Language Models.
3228h agoA new computational framework called HOI-Brain uses higher-order interactions in brain regions to accurately diagnose brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder.
3228h agoTask-relevant variables are encoded in orthogonal subspaces of neural population activity, and this occurs in feedforward nonlinear networks trained on tasks that depend on these variables.
3228h agoThe generalized BBM equation has a two-parameter family of travelling wave solutions, including shock waves, whose stability is proven using a conservation law, enabling effective superposition rules.
3228h agoA simple mathematical model emulates energy dissipation due to tidal effects by removing energy while preserving total angular momentum.
3228h agoInertia introduces a new unsteady collective state in a one-dimensional swarmalator model, where the order parameters undergo multiharmonic oscillations.
3228h agoMultistable mechanical metamaterials can trap energy and absorb shocks by locking transition waves at designed locations, enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and shock absorption.
3228h agoA new surrogate modeling approach uses generative machine learning to forecast turbulent flows over long horizons, capturing intrinsic uncertainty and providing a unified platform for sensor placement and data assimilation.
3228h agoA desynchronization scheme uses a peculiar point in the phase space of a neuronal system, called the centroid, to determine the specific times and intensities of pulses that can disrupt pathological over-synchronization in conditions such as epilepsy and Parkinson disease.
3228h agoA readout scheme uses time delay of a single flux quantum propagating in a Josephson transmission line to determine the quantum state of a superconducting qubit.
3228h agoThe superposition of quantum evolutions with regular and chaotic classical limits produces interference effects that can increase subsystem entropy beyond that of a classical mixture.
3228h agoRepeatedly adding or subtracting the digital reversal to or from an integer creates a dynamical system with interesting dynamics, including limiting cycles and diverging trajectories.
3228h agoHadrons carry gauge-invariant charges, as shown by non-zero expectation values of these charges in baryon and meson states.
3228h agoPruning neural networks through dropout leads to three distinct phases: eumentia where the network learns, dementia where it forgets, and amentia where it cannot learn.
3228h agoVariational continuous unitary transformations accurately diagonalize many-body localized Hamiltonians and track their spatial entanglement structure.
3228h agoThe energy landscape of a disordered heteropolymer model shows a hierarchical organization, with 90% of sequences containing more than half of ultrametric triangles and 97.8% exhibiting nontrivial ultrametricity.
3228h agoThe study identifies the limit free energy via a Parisi-type formula and proves a large deviation principle for the mean magnetization in vector spin glass models.
3228h agoThe study proves that the limit free energy of vector spin glass models can be described by the unique solution of a partial differential equation in the high-temperature regime.
3228h agoAdding a constant offset to a quasiperiodic potential transforms anomalous mobility edges into conventional mobility edges, separating localized from delocalized states.
3228h agoAdaptive Circuit Knitting (ACK) method reduces the overhead of circuit knitting by up to four orders of magnitude, enabling efficient distribution of quantum simulation across multiple Quantum Processing Units.
3228h agoEB-RANSAC, a new energy-based model, offers a robust estimation method that simplifies the sampling process and reduces hyperparameters, making it applicable to a wide range of estimation problems.
3228h agoMany-body localization allows interacting quantum systems to evade thermalization, and experiments on a 144-qubit quantum processor show a smooth crossover from rapid thermalization to persistent correlations as disorder strength increases.
3228h agoDiffusion models learn simple, pair-wise input statistics before higher-order correlations, and a scalar invariant called the diffusion information exponent governs the sample complexity of learning these statistics.
3228h agoA deep-kernel Gaussian process surrogate model with sparse variational inference achieves accurate spectral-function prediction using only 10% of the available training data, outperforming feed-forward neural networks trained on the same reduced subset.
3228h agoSpontaneous symmetry breaking exists in low-energy eigenstates of certain gapless and frustrated many-body quantum systems that are symmetric perturbations to classical models with spontaneous symmetry breaking at positive temperatures.
3228h agoQuantum computation has evolved into a potentially realizable technology, but scaling challenges in hardware, software, and algorithms remain; improvements in qubit quality, systems engineering, and distributed computing can facilitate scaling.
3228h agoTotimorphic lattices can be continuously reprogrammed to change their mechanical and optical properties through geometric changes, enabling flexible and efficient structures for applications such as deep space exploration.
3228h agoDisordered potentials in quantum systems give rise to a Bose-glass phase, an insulating yet compressible phase, which is identified through in-situ density distributions, particle-number fluctuations, and interference patterns.
3228h agoCyclic quantum walks on graphs can generate exotic topological phases, including gapped and gapless phases, protected edge states, and flat bands, for use in robust quantum memory and fault-tolerant quantum technologies.
3228h agoDiagonal linear networks' gradient flow dynamics can be captured by a low-dimensional effective process, which yields new insights into their loss convergence rates, generalization, and other previously observed phenomena.
3228h agoThe expansion of short tandem repeats causes over 60 different human diseases, and a new assay called SCIA can quickly measure changes in repeat size to help identify potential treatments.
3236h agoMemory for the timing and order of emotional events regulates how long emotions last and affect later experiences, and in turn, the emotions themselves shape how well these events are remembered.
3244h agoThe lateral occipitotemporal cortex, especially areas selective for body perception, retains more semantic information from language models that is separate from visual signals, while the ventral stream and early visual cortex do not.
3244h agoEEG can distinguish between active and passive listening states and track target speech in complex acoustic environments with high accuracy.
3244h agoThe properties of spinal motoneurons that allow flexible movement, including postural tone maintenance, rely on mechanisms beyond persistent inward currents, and are modulated by potassium and HCN channels.
3244h agoThe claustrum and anterior cingulate cortex encode higher-order cognitive variables, such as uncertainty and prediction error, during aversive learning, with distinct temporal profiles and roles.
3244h agoCocaine abstinence reduces GABA release from D2 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons, and this reduction is caused by the release of enkephalin from these same neurons.
3248h agoOlder adults adapt to motor errors similarly to young adults, with both groups showing larger implicit adaptation when missing a target than when hitting it.
3248h agoThe HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele drives a coordinated neuroinflammatory program that links behavioral dysfunction, glial activation, and immune cell recruitment, and this effect worsens with age and is more pronounced in females.
3252h agoAcrolein induces proteomic changes in the spinal cord during the acute phase of spinal cord injury, which are linked to the activation of complement and coagulation cascades.
3252h agoAn adaptive mesh refinement strategy accurately resolves numerical singularities in charge density near electrodes and tissue interfaces, leading to stable solutions for transcranial electrical stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and electroencephalography forward modeling.
3252h agoAn integrated experimental-computational pipeline measures and quantifies body part kinematics and muscle activity in freely behaving Drosophila melanogaster, enabling scalable, high-resolution measurement and modeling of unconstrained, natural behavior.
3252h agoDrosophila clock neurons remodel their terminals daily through a dynamic process involving thin filopodia extending from synaptic boutons, which can be accurately visualized ex vivo using a simple fixation protocol and MorphoScope interface.
3264h agoThe APOE4 gene disrupts normal metabolic changes in the brain during menopause, leading to impaired energy production and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.
3264h agoNeuromodulators reconfigure cortical neurons by changing how their properties are coordinated, enabling them to compute different information and dynamically expanding the computational abilities of cortical circuits.
3268h agoMouse brain organoids developed for three weeks closely resemble a neonatal mouse brain in terms of their genetic and protein makeup, and contain a complex network of synaptic proteins.
3268h agoLocal cortical excitability inversely affects large-scale fMRI connectivity, with increased excitability leading to fMRI hypoconnectivity and decreased excitability leading to fMRI hyperconnectivity.
3268h agoNeurons in the orbitofrontal cortex that project to the caudate putamen help rats form and update their beliefs about hidden reward states in their environment.
3268h agoEstrogen receptor alpha cells in two brain areas, MPOA and BNSTp, form a circuit that drives either parental care or infanticide in mice, with MPOA promoting care and BNSTp promoting infanticide in both males and females.
3268h agoHuman sound recognition abilities can be replicated by artificial neural network models trained on multi-source scenes, which perform as well as humans in many conditions.
3268h agoOperating near criticality enables learning by facilitating coordination and maximizing flexibility of neural representations, but shifts to a more ordered state during sleep memory replay.
3268h agoJumping in mice is made up of precise phases with distinct neural control patterns, and a specific group of spinal neurons can trigger coordinated movement.
3268h agoSchizophrenia is characterized by aberrantly stronger negative cerebellothalamic and positive thalamocortical connectivity, implicating sensory, motor, and associative cortical circuits.
3268h agoThe brain areas supporting language, specifically the left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal sulcus, show varied connections to other brain areas across people, which relates to differences in reading ability, educational attainment, and is linked to specific genetic factors.
3268h agoA new hybrid method combines the strengths of exact TFCE and probabilistic TFCE to improve sensitivity in voxel-wise neuroimaging inference, enabling fast and accurate detection of effects without relying on permutations or discretization.
3276h agoThe 2D object space, which organizes objects by animate-inanimate and stubby-spiky features, guides behavior differently for different object categories.
3276h agoBiological neural networks' structural properties improve artificial learning systems' performance, enabling them to achieve 90% classification accuracy with less training data than other models.
3276h agoA newly developed sensor called GPR52-1.0 detects the release of a natural chemical that activates the GPR52 receptor in the brain, allowing for real-time monitoring of its activity.
3280h agoThe hyperface dataset, which includes 707 unique face video clips, allows for the investigation of human face processing under naturalistic conditions.
3280h agoSpiral ganglion neurons die through two distinct processes: during normal development, their death is accompanied by immune cells that clear degenerating neurons, whereas after hair cell loss caused by ototoxic agents, their death is preceded by a different immune response involving various immune cells that likely contribute to the neuron loss.
3280h agoBiallelic loss-of-function mutations in WWOX cause a range of neurodevelopmental disorders; effective gene therapy requires neuron-restricted expression driven by the human Synapsin I promoter and a specific dose of AAV9-hSynI-WWOX to correct phenotypic abnormalities.
3280h agoIntersection estimates of brain functional connectivity are more valid and have greater predictive utility than group estimates for depression and ruminative coping style.
3280h agoMemory reactivation during sleep reorganizes conflicting memories, reducing decision ambivalence by integrating opposing evaluative memories, especially when a negative memory is updated to a positive one.
3280h agoNeuromodulatory systems help brain networks reconfigure for different tasks, and a new computer model that mimics this process achieves better performance on context-dependent tasks by adjusting its internal connections.
3280h agoVisual mental imagery acts as a weaker form of visual perception, with its vividness closely linked to the vividness of actual visual perception.
3280h agoComplexity-based metrics capture fatigue-related changes in muscle signal organization, and surface electromyography and optically pumped magnetometers provide similar information on these changes.
3280h agoCircSCMH1 downregulation in neutrophils is linked to futile recanalization in stroke patients, and delivering circSCMH1 to neutrophils reduces inflammation, improves blood flow, and decreases damage.
3280h agoThe reactivation of spatial memories during sleep and the network dynamics of the hippocampus independently influence memory retention, with scale-free circuit dynamics during offline periods facilitating memory stabilization.
3280h agoAn optimised Golgi staining methodology improves staining reliability, facilitates robust slicing, and supports detailed analysis of neuronal morphology throughout the central nervous system.
3280h agoGalvanic vestibular stimulation increases dream lucidity, but electrical muscle stimulation does not.
3280h agoHuman oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can mature, produce myelin, and respond to injury in a specially designed mouse model, providing a new tool to study human myelination and test treatments for demyelinating diseases.
3280h agoUpregulation of CD22 in microglia impairs their ability to clear cellular debris, contributing to the progression of Huntington's disease.
3284h agoA decrease in brain age in late childhood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol initiation in adolescence.
3284h agoQuercetin and its analog 6BrQ have equivalent antioxidant properties and can directly inhibit GSK3, reduce GSK3 activities, and display modest off-target activities at high concentrations.
3284h agoApplying non-invasive neuromodulation with transcranial focused ultrasound to the posterior cingulate cortex during mindfulness training increases the segregation between the default mode network and the central executive network, and promotes greater acceptance and meditation practice in novice practitioners.
3284h agoOlder adults' brains reorganize language processing by shifting activity to semantic-related areas and changing the sequence of processing stages to support sentence production.
3288h agoE-selectin orchestrates vincristine-induced neuropathy by regulating immune cell interactions with nerves.
3288h agoA 3-T MRI-compatible deep brain stimulation system was used to map circuit-specific responses to stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease over a year.
3292h agoChronic ethanol drinking increases GFAP expression in specific brain subregions, and inhibiting astrocytes reduces ethanol intake and preference.
3292h agoEntrainment and predictive coding help people perceive speech in quiet and noisy environments by using rhythmic cues to guide the timing of speech.
3292h agoReduced PRDM2 expression in the prefrontal cortex contributes to stress-induced relapse-like behavior in alcohol use disorder.
3292h agoStress causes long-lasting changes in fear learning by enhancing fear representations in the caudal hippocampus, a brain region that integrates emotional and motivational information into memory.
3292h agoTrust in a speaker influences how the brain processes speech, with people showing a stronger brain response to speech from less trustworthy speakers.
3292h agoSensory feedback that does not match motor command expectations helps learning through climbing fiber signals, and this process starts with structured information in the inferior olive.
3292h agoThe brain's ability to prioritize speech over other sounds, such as music, develops across childhood and strengthens with age in certain areas.
3292h agoPatients with temporal lobe epilepsy have abnormal brain connections, showing hyperconnectivity in frontoparietal systems and hypoconnectivity in temporal and paralimbic systems, which relates to symptoms, disease progression, and surgical outcomes.
3292h agoDopamine release defects in Parkinson's disease are caused by reduced dopamine storage due to lower expression and function of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), leading to deficits in synaptic vesicle loading and recycling.
3292h agoThe study identifies a network of brain regions, including the prelimbic cortex, posterior insular cortex, basolateral amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, that are necessary for organizing behavior when animals face conflicting drives to seek rewards and avoid threats.
3292h agoDifferences in brain network organization lead to individual variations in fear responses to socially conveyed threats, with some individuals being susceptible to observational fear learning and others being resilient.
3292h agoFast corrective responses in redundant motor control are shaped by intrinsic coordination constraints that govern how visual errors propagate through the motor system.
3292h agoExplicit training to associate the sleep laboratory with reflective awareness before sleep leads to high rates of lucid dreaming, and additional technological manipulations provide limited benefit.
3296h agoThe inferior temporal cortex represents object position in a way that matches our perception of space, and adapts to visual illusions by changing its population codes and representation geometry.
3300h agoResearchers study human navigation behaviour and brain dynamics in more naturalistic settings, using four categories of research approaches: real-world environments, daily life tracking, virtual environments, and mobile brain recording methods.
3300h agoMiniscopes enable imaging of neural activity in freely-behaving animals, and recent advancements have enhanced their capabilities for faster imaging, larger fields of view, and deeper brain penetration.
3300h agoGaze-aware encoding models that incorporate eye-tracking data match the performance of conventional models with far fewer parameters, especially benefiting participants with dynamic eye movements.
3300h agoA unified mathematical framework for analyzing neuronal spike trains provides an exact operational calculus for understanding spike train dynamics, enabling closed-form analysis without discretization or approximation.
3300h agoBrains recognize and generate complex patterns better than AI, but a new approach unifies different methods to help AI learn like the brain and provides a framework for deep learning in the brain.
3300h agoDistinguishing between acoustic and expectation-related information in music improves EEG-based music identification when used as targets for model training.
3300h agoIntegrability conditions on local Hamiltonians for one-dimensional quantum systems are introduced, allowing free and interacting fermions to be identified.
3300h agoIntroducing quadratic orthogonal pairs for hyperelliptic functions resolves a mismatch problem left unsolved in investigations of continued fraction expansions and Hankel determinants.
3300h agoMulti-swarm systems with different parameters and goals produce hybrid patterns when they collide, and redirection of the swarms occurs when a synchronized state exists.
3300h agoThe genetic analysis indicates minimal gene flow across the Eastern Pacific Barrier in larvae of the reef-building coral Porites lobata, except for detectable genetic connectivity between Clipperton Atoll and the Line Islands.
3300h agoThe Jordanian deformed AdS5 x S5 string spectrum remains solvable within the Baxter framework, with analytic expressions obtained at arbitrary spin chain length despite reduced symmetry.
3300h agoSymmetry and exact coherent structures organize spontaneous flow reversals in a 2D active nematic confined to a periodic channel through a low-dimensional network of invariant solutions and their manifolds.
3300h agoThe spontaneous symmetry breaking machine (SSBM) can explore a single extremely stable state for combinatorial optimization problems, based on experimental verification and numerical simulations.
3300h agoBoundary integrability provides analytic control over field theories with interfaces, and an analytic approach for integrable boundaries in two-dimensional sigma-models determines admissible reflection maps directly from the divisor structure of the Lax connection.
3300h agoThe M-Wright function, characterizing anomalous current fluctuations, is exactly derived for the first time in quantum many-body systems, specifically in a one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model.
3300h agoTransformer architectures can be described using an operator-theoretic framework that translates their mechanics into a language familiar to many-body physics, revealing structural logic behind their empirical properties.
3300h agoMachine learning model trained on disorder-free systems predicts that off-diagonal disorder preserves topological edge states, while diagonal disorder causes a transition to an Anderson insulator.
3300h agoThe Aubry-André model exhibits emergent criticality with multifractal eigenstates and singular continuous spectra under strong periodic modulation, producing a robust critical phase and replicated spectra.
3300h agoA microscopic theory shows that a thermometer's thermalisation is controlled by the distribution of interaction-induced level broadenings, predicting a thermalisation timescale set by the inverse typical broadening.
3300h agoTransformers have an inductive bias towards learning low-complexity algorithms, which prevents them from capturing complex ones but allows success on simpler tasks like search, copy, and sort.
3300h agoDysonNet, a new type of neural quantum state, enables fast and interpretable computation of many-body wavefunctions by coupling local nonlinearities through global linear layers.
3300h agoThe equilibrium dynamics of an infinite-range quantum Heisenberg model show a transition from a paramagnetic phase to a spin glass ordered phase, which is suppressed by quantum fluctuations when there are few fermionic flavors.
3300h agoA continuous spectrum of time scales emerges as the system size increases, and the slowest time scales can be characterized by the susceptibility associated with the order parameter of the metastable phase, leading to various anomalous relaxation phenomena.
3300h agoThe Mpemba effect, where a system relaxes faster when it's farther from equilibrium, can occur in many-body systems even when they are in a linear-response regime.
3300h agoThe 15-minute city concept is limited by the internal structure of urban economies, which sets a lower bound on commuting times that cannot be overcome by rearranging workplaces or improving transportation.
3300h agoThe accuracy of classical shadow tomography on photonic processors has a fundamental limit, where reconstruction error abruptly stops decreasing and hits a floor due to spectral distortions.
3300h agoAs the Heisenberg coupling increases, a two-dimensional disordered Heisenberg Floquet model undergoes a smooth crossover from subergodic to ergodic behavior, with smaller patches becoming ergodic first.
3300h agoA photonic computing system inspired by the retina detects features, classifies images, and segments data with high accuracy, even when trained on a small number of images.
3300h agoThe Prometheus framework detects critical temperatures and extracts critical exponents with high accuracy in 3D classical and quantum many-body systems, and identifies different types of critical behavior using unsupervised learning.
3300h agoDisordered potentials alter transport properties and coherence in quantum systems, giving rise to a Bose-glass phase with reduced phase coherence in interacting bosonic systems at low energies.
3300h agoBasins of attraction in neural network loss landscapes are connected by low-loss paths, but optimization dynamics stay in one convex basin due to entropic barriers caused by curvature and noise.
3300h agoThe spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice has an intermediate phase between N\'eel antiferromagnetic and stripe ordered regimes characterized by local quantum correlations that can be used for unsupervised phase discovery.
3300h agoA Reinforcement Learning-based model called Deep Recurrent Q-Learning (DRQL) enables a system to switch between tasks by learning to update a belief state representation and an action preference representation, allowing it to perform a probability switching task without explicit cues.
3300h agoAAV2.retro enables efficient gene delivery to photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in the adult mouse retina after intravitreal injection, with strong cell type specificity and wide spatial coverage.
3304h agoKaroSpace enables immediate interactive exploration of spatial omics data from multiple samples and modalities, allowing scientists to easily share and collaboratively analyze data.
3304h agoConditioned pain modulation reduces pain perception by activating the brain's pain control system, which in turn inhibits spinal cord activity.
3304h agoMicroglial MERCS remodeling is an early event in Alzheimer's disease, and it regulates energy metabolism, inflammation, and amyloid beta clearance by controlling ER-to-mitochondria calcium transfer.
3304h agoPlasmatic extracellular vesicles from Parkinson's disease patients contribute to neuronal degeneration by activating microglia through pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to reduced neuronal integrity and increased cell death.
3308h agoScientists have developed a method to control specific receptors in the brain with light, using a new tool called optonanobodies that combines the precision of light control with the specificity of nanobodies.
3308h agoLick microstructure analysis provides insights into why an animal drinks by examining patterns of licks, and a new software package called lickcalc makes this type of analysis accessible to researchers.
3308h agoBrain organoids with Alzheimer's disease mutations produce amyloid-beta oligomers with disease-relevant structures that can be concentrated and separated for further study.
3308h agoA digital twin framework for human stance uses Bayesian analysis and latent variable analysis to classify disease severity and explain postural sway patterns in healthy elderly individuals and patients with Parkinson's disease.
3308h agoDisrupted gene expression in specific brain cells contributes to refractory epilepsy by causing imbalances in electrical signaling, impaired communication between brain cells, and altered neurotransmitter transport.
3308h agoA colon-delivered multivitamin supplement increases brain activity in areas related to working memory in older adults, but does not change working memory performance or levels of gut fatty acids.
3308h agoThe truncated form of the neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB-T1, plays a key role in neurotoxicity, glial reactivity, and neuroinflammation by contributing to decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and promoting pathological changes in neurons and glial cells.
3308h agoNtsr1-expressing neurons include both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons, and a new Ntsr1-FlpO mouse line enables targeted access to these neuronal subpopulations.
3308h agoMemory consolidation redistributes memories in the brain from temporary to stable forms through a brain-wide phenomenon where memories follow a predictable pattern across brain regions.
3308h agoSwitching rate in brain networks changes with arousal states and this change affects cognitive performance, particularly in default mode, salience, and central executive networks.
3308h agoAdaptation to digital numerals changes how people perceive them, and this change transfers across eyes and to a lesser extent across different parts of the visual field.
3312h agoBody orientation affects how the brain processes information from the otolithic vestibular receptors, with brain responses being weaker when the body is in a supine position compared to an upright position.
3312h agoTuberous sclerosis complex brain lesions, specifically subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), show strong mTORC1 activation, changes in protein and phosphoprotein levels, and large-scale alterations in mRNA transcript splicing.
3312h agoReducing FMR1 expression in human cortical slices leads to cell type-specific transcriptomic changes, ion channel subunit changes, and increased neuronal hyperexcitability and synchronized activity similar to those seen in Fragile X syndrome.
3316h agoA lateral hypothalamic orexin-to-medial amygdala pathway links anesthetic state transitions to vigilance-like behavioral bias, promoting arousal from anesthesia and influencing recovery and behavioral responses.
3316h agoThe instantaneous frequency of beta oscillations in the brain controls self-generated timing by predicting the length of produced durations.
3316h agoAnti-phase theta stimulation over the right temporo-parietal junction lowers joint agency by reducing coordination efficiency in people performing a task together.
3316h agoThe anterior temporal lobe shows category sensitivity, with different areas preferring faces, objects, or scenes, and has a complex organization with distinct subregions and connectivity profiles.
3316h agoThe brain organizes and transmits information during naturalistic conditions using a conserved network backbone in sensory areas and flexible hubs in higher-order cognitive regions.
3316h agoGABAergic inhibition controls the activity of the dentate gyrus by engaging distinct types of interneurons in feedforward and feedback circuits to tightly regulate incoming information from the entorhinal cortex.
3316h agoA new model called JEDI captures neural dynamics across tasks and contexts by learning a shared embedding space, allowing it to uncover shared structure across conditions in a single model.
3324h agoA statistical-mechanical theory links the efficiency of decoding continuous variables in neural networks to geometric properties of neural manifolds, handling complex neural variability and revealing increasing decoding capacity along the monkey visual stream.
3324h agoA model using Restricted Boltzmann Machines accurately reproduces the complex statistics of neural recordings from 1500-2000 neurons in the mouse brain, capturing higher-order dependencies and revealing coordination patterns in population activity.
3324h agoSingle-cell electrophysiological recordings link intrinsic physiology to transcriptomic identity, and a framework using these recordings can predict neuronal subclass structure in both mouse and human cortex.
3324h agoNeural populations in higher visual areas encode object-centered visual information in a structured, semantically meaningful way, with different groups of neurons selectively responding to specific visual features such as object pose, category transformations, and class content.
3324h agoArtificial intelligence chatbots can cause psychological harm, including destabilization of beliefs and dependence, particularly for individuals with mental health conditions, due to interactions with chatbot behaviors such as agreeableness and adaptability.
3324h agoThe choice of feature encoding in music affects the perceived uncertainty and expectation of what comes next, with different encodings producing varying levels of uncertainty and accuracy in predicting musical transitions.
3324h agoNeural networks' perceptual manifolds have much higher dimensions than human concepts, which leads to a huge gap between machine and human perception and makes adversarial attacks possible.
3324h agoInertial effects influence vegetation pattern formation on sloped arid terrains by enlarging the region where uphill migrating vegetation bands emerge, affecting pattern migration speed, and changing the dynamical regime, and increase pulse speed in far-from-equilibrium conditions.
3324h agoA framework for invariant reduction systematically computes how geometric structures are inherited by systems governing symmetry-invariant solutions, and it also describes how symmetries rescale these structures, leading to emergence or loss of invariance.
3324h agoThe hyperelliptic al_ab functions are a potential solution to the nonlinear Schrodinger and complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equations.
3324h agoSynchrony patterns in networks can include active and inactive clusters that coexist without relying on symmetrical arrangements, and these patterns emerge through symmetry breaking of synchronized clusters.
3324h agoThe collective dynamics in a pulse-coupled adaptive Winfree network are shaped by a frustration parameter, leading to a variety of states including frequency-clustered states, entrainment, and chimera states.
3324h agoAdaptive learning rules in a network of identical pendulum oscillators lead to a wide range of collective dynamical patterns, including solitary, chimera, and multi-cluster states.
3324h agoSmooth solutions of the multidimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations can develop singularities in finite time when viscosity coefficients have a nonlinear power-law density dependence below a certain threshold.
3324h agoA mathematical model shows that rule-breaking behaviors in societies persist due to a balance of individual benefits, institutional punishment, and social sanctions, and that changes in enforcement, social tolerance, or perceived benefits can shift the system across tipping points.
3324h agoExceptional points in open quantum systems can be identified and characterized directly from the full Liouvillian generator using a symmetry-resolved approach.
3324h agoA new framework predicts extreme events in complex systems by tracking transient instabilities to provide early warnings of impending events.
3324h agoLocal commuting charges do not always display all-or-nothing behavior, with some systems having charges that exist for certain but not all values of locality.
3324h agoVideos of the 2020 Beirut explosion show a shock wave, and frame-by-frame analysis of these videos matches the Landau-Whitham formula for the thickness of the overpressure layer.
3324h agoThe interaction between a moving camphor disk and a stationary camphor source on a water surface creates an uneven speed in the moving disk, with its speed changing depending on whether it approaches or moves away from the stationary source.
3324h agoPanda, a new model, accurately forecasts chaotic systems, including unseen ones, and predicts real-world experimental time series, after being trained on simulated data of 20,000 chaotic dynamical systems.
3324h agoThe analysis of a quartic system with four degenerate minima reveals longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal instanton configurations that mediate tunneling between minima, leading to coherent Rabi-type oscillations and specific energy splittings.
3324h agoA disordered interacting edge theory of a fractional topological insulator reveals three distinct phases with two possible conductance values per edge, and an interaction-induced insulating edge state can emerge with certain perturbations.
3324h agoA subsystem can probe the ergodicity of dynamics through local observables, and changes in certain measures can indicate a transition to non-ergodic behaviour.
3324h agoNon-Markovian environments reshape relaxation mechanisms in strongly correlated quantum many-body systems, producing a rich dynamical phase diagram with different regimes of relaxation.
3324h agoA statistical-mechanical theory links the efficiency of decoding continuous variables in neural networks to geometric properties of neural manifolds, handling complex neural variability and revealing increasing decoding capacity along the monkey visual stream.
3324h agoA model using Restricted Boltzmann Machines accurately reproduces the complex statistics of neural recordings from 1500-2000 neurons in the mouse brain, capturing higher-order dependencies and revealing coordination patterns in population activity.
3324h agoA deep learning model called DOTA enables efficient and accurate simulations of surface chemistry by aligning experimental data with quantum chemistry calculations, minimizing the need for scarce high-precision training data.
3324h agoThe unidirectional Hatano-Nelson chain has a complex eigenvalue spectrum that forms a single loop which splits into two loops as disorder increases, and its eigenstates are exponentially localized.
3324h agoClassical algorithms outperform graph neural networks in solving hard optimization problems, according to a comparison using new benchmarks based on random problems.
3324h agoClassifier-free guidance in diffusion models leads to a loss of diversity in generated samples, which is caused by a mismatch between the sampling distribution and the true conditional distribution.
3324h agoNeural networks' perceptual manifolds have much higher dimensions than human concepts, which leads to a huge gap between machine and human perception and makes adversarial attacks possible.
3324h agoPerinatal HIV exposure is associated with changes in immune development, brain chemistry, and school readiness in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected.
3324h agoMice with synucleinopathy showed increased instability in their gait and tail movements, and a combined analysis of gait and pose can provide sensitive measures for detecting motor problems.
3324h agoA risk-sensitive model with asymmetric learning rates best explains human behavior in decision-making tasks under uncertainty, where people update their expectations differently after gains and losses.
3324h agoCognitive reappraisal, a strategy to change the way one thinks about a situation, activates similar brain regions when used to regulate responses to food and negative emotions, but also shows domain-specific effects.
3324h agoA macaque retina simulator provides biologically plausible spike trains for downstream visual cortex simulations, allowing for the development of thalamocortical primate model systems of vision.
3328h agoAtto 643 carboxy is a highly specific marker for astrocytes that labels them with minimal labeling of oligodendrocytes, enabling robust imaging of astrocyte morphology and distribution in brain tissue.
3328h agoThe mechanosensory component Ppa-mec-2 is required for touch response but not for prey detection in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, allowing for functional specialization in mechanosensory pathways.
3328h agoOverexpressing the Kcnn1 gene increases survival and decreases protein build-up in mice with a genetic model of Parkinson's disease.
3328h agoZebrafish offer a effective model for screening potential drugs for neurodegenerative diseases and 37 compounds, mostly natural, are being investigated as possible therapies to treat 9 prevalent diseases by targeting mitochondrial metabolism.
3328h agoHigher-order interactions among neurons reveal neural network dynamics and circuit motifs that distinguish brain states and underlie neural activity patterns.
3328h agoThis paper provides a concise introduction to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their use in neuroscience, using minimal mathematics, neuroscientific analogies, and Python code examples.
3328h agoPeople learn through forming and updating internal models of their environment, and this process is driven more by conservative updating and repetition of prior beliefs than by errors.
3328h agoColor discrimination in three dimensions can be mapped in a spatially smooth and highly structured way across RGB space, with locally varying grain size and systematic chromatic asymmetries.
3332h agoLenient censoring of high-motion data in resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) better preserves individual-specific information for personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targets and cortical parcellations than strict censoring.
3332h agoA reference atlas of the Danionella cerebrum brain was created, providing a common coordinate system for integrating structural, molecular, and functional data, and revealing pronounced sex differences in multiple brain regions.
3332h agoThe Vps35 p.D620N mutation drives a chronic pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype with heightened innate immune signaling, lysosomal stress, and enhanced phagocytic activity, which may promote synaptic remodeling and neurodegenerative vulnerability in Parkinson's disease.
3332h agoA unified hierarchical framework called GAMLSS effectively removes cohort effects and preserves biological signals in large-scale neuroimaging data, offering a flexible alternative to existing methods.
3332h agoDark-adapting rod photoreceptors diverge into two distinct lineages with different molecular programs, involving MYC-driven anabolism, RNA splicing regulation, and LKB1-AMPK energy sensing.
3332h agoSudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) practice induces measurable neural modulation that is most robustly captured in frequency-domain and network-level EEG representations.
3332h agoThe FIDELITY pipeline preserves tissue structure and enhances imaging of whole tissue samples, allowing for more accurate 3D analysis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and glioma.
3332h agoInstructNA uses nucleic acid large language models with HT-SELEX to generate functional nucleic acids for designing aptamers that target various molecules.
3336h agoA unified framework for brain MRI tissue segmentation and region parcellation works across the lifespan and performs consistently across different datasets.
3336h agoDistinct CA1 neuron ensembles are active during specific moments of fear learning and form a core engram essential for memory formation.
3340h agoBrain network architecture balances cooperation and competition across circuits, with models that include competition being more realistic, personalized, and effective.
3340h agoGABAB receptor activation regulates the plasticity of somatostatin-expressing interneurons, leading to changes in circuit function and disruption of contextual memory formation.
3340h agoThe claustrum, a subcortical nucleus, plays a key role in flexible decision-making by representing reward values and interacting with the frontal cortex.
3340h agoImpaired oxidative phosphorylation is a molecular hallmark of mTOR-related epilepsies, potentially contributing to focal hypometabolism.
3340h agoThe fusiform face area develops in connection with higher-order social brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal sulcus, in children aged 3-12 years.
3340h agoThe substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) continuously regulates the stability and movement of skilled actions, rather than just permitting actions through disinhibition.
3340h agoReduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability is linked to addiction vulnerability, and altering D2 receptors in specific brain cells affects cocaine-seeking behavior and dopamine balance.
3340h agoMitochondrial ATP production is triggered by synaptic input in specific parts of neurons, and this ATP is delivered precisely to where it is needed to meet energy demands.
3340h agoThe medial entorhinal cortex develops internal maps of space, with grid cells and head-direction cells forming periodic patterns, before sensory experience and exploration, around 10 days after birth.
3340h agoImprovements in statistical learning during childhood and adolescence reflect reorganization of hippocampal representations and interactions between the hippocampus and frontoparietal cortex.
3340h agoPhysical activity is associated with brain function and structure, particularly in motor- and attention-related networks, and provides substantial predictive information for cardiometabolic disease risk.
3340h agoA new method called SPICE accurately determines the statistical significance of spatial associations between brain maps by accounting for spatial autocorrelation.
3344h agoProgressive skull regrowth limits the performance of transcranial optical windows, reducing imaging quality and resolution, but a localized glucocorticoid delivery strategy can extend window performance for up to a month.
3344h agoTgF344-AD rats gain more weight than wildtype littermates, with female rats ingesting more energy, gaining more weight on a high-fat diet, and having lower thermogenic function, while male rats have unclear causes for their weight gain, and Alzheimer's-like pathology correlates with glucose dysregulation and energy homeostasis in a sex-specific manner.
3344h agoA novel method based on nonlinear system identification accurately detects and characterises phase-amplitude coupling in neural signals, offering a robust framework for analysing memory and attention processes.
3348h agoDiffusive credit signaling improves learning in neural networks by allowing neurons to learn from local error information, even with sparse and imprecise feedback.
3348h agoA compact dynamical mean-field theory describes the behavior of large networks of coupled phase oscillators interacting with both coherent mean-field coupling and quenched randomness.
3348h agoBrains are unmatched in recognizing and generating complex patterns, but a new approach unifies different methods to help artificial intelligence learn like the brain.
3348h agoA novel spiking control framework with realistic biological characteristics enables efficient and robust state estimation and action computation by constraining free energy.
3348h agoThe curvature blindness illusion occurs because the brain processes visual information in two ways: it separates light and dark areas and it breaks up orientations, resulting in zigzags when viewing alternating contrast patterns on a gray background.
3348h agoTemporal point processes can be used to sample from discrete distributions, and a new method constructs a multivariate temporal point process that converges to a target distribution.
3348h agoAdding a dreaming phase to the clipped Hopfield model improves its memorization capacity and makes searching for optimal performance more realistic.
3348h agoSubjective cognitive decline is linked to weaker brain responses to speech with normal intonation, especially when it comes to processing complex linguistic features.
3348h agoA novel associative memory network with a threshold nonlinearity enables exponential memory storage capacity in both visible and hidden neurons by allowing distributed representations across hidden units.
3348h agoLangevinFlow, a new model, captures both intrinsic network dynamics and external influences on neural populations by incorporating physical priors and outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in modeling complex neural population dynamics.
3348h agoA score-based generative model using stochastic Kuramoto dynamics captures coherent angular directional patterns in images like fingerprints and textures by synchronizing and desynchronizing phase variables through oscillator interactions.
3348h agoCentipedes actively adjust their body stiffness to match their stepping rate to achieve coordinated movement, rapid speed, and efficient locomotion.
3348h agoA new family of wave and soliton solutions is constructed for the Ablowitz-Ladik equations, exhibiting a nonlinear dependence on time and site number.
3348h agoA numerical simulation reveals that a Z(3) spin system in a 3D lattice exhibits a complicated behavior with a second-order phase transition, hybrid universality classes, and a weak first-order phase transition.
3348h agoIntegrable Hamiltonian systems can exhibit regular or irregular behavior when their initial conditions have boundaries, depending on the specific problem.
3348h agoInstability fronts in conservative nonlinear wave systems propagate with maximal group velocity according to the Whitham method.
3348h agoThe Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation has a layered organization of state space where multiple invariant sets coexist and are selected by the initial condition, allowing chaotic attractors and periodic orbits to be generated by amplifying a single initial condition.
3348h agoThe photon ring of a Kerr black hole has a self-similar structure that persists in phase space, and dynamics near the photon shell are controlled by a Lyapunov exponent, but chaos only sets in when the spacetime is deformed away from the Kerr geometry.
3348h agoThe Toda-like Hamiltonian dynamics exhibits both classical and quantum stability, with analytical solutions showing that quantum distortions can coexist with classical evolution at different scales.
3348h agoOptimization under realistic constraints shapes network architecture, producing canonical features such as sparse and bipartite structures, that optimize dynamics like synchronization, communication, and entanglement distribution.
3348h agoThe Boltzmann weight assigned to a tetrahedron solves the tetrahedron equation in a class of state integral models on shaped pseudo 3-manifolds.
3348h agoScientists create and control magnetic multi-soliton states in a special type of gas and observe their breakdown when slightly disturbed.
3348h agoA compact dynamical mean-field theory describes the behavior of large networks of coupled phase oscillators interacting with both coherent mean-field coupling and quenched randomness.
3348h agoAn external magnetic field affects the long-range electron transport in quasi-one-dimensional materials by influencing the dynamics of large polarons, with the impact depending on both the field strength and the properties of the solitons.
3348h agoThe ground-state integral equation of the quantum lattice nonlinear Schrödinger model exhibits a doubly singular behavior in the weak-coupling limit, with a peak density that diverges logarithmically with a constant.
3348h agoTurbulence dissipation lags large-scale kinetic energy injection events by different times in subsonic and supersonic regimes, and is correlated with vorticity squared in subsonic flows and with density in supersonic flows.
3348h agoThis thesis analyzes soliton dynamics, focusing on internal modes of kinks, oscillons, vortices, and sphalerons, and develops effective models to capture their behavior.
3348h agoA mathematical model shows that a deformable droplet floating on a liquid surface can move through diffusiophoresis driven by surface tension gradients, and it can have three stable states: stationary and circular, stationary and elliptical, or moving with an elliptical shape aligned with its motion.
3348h agoCoupled chaotic Lorenz oscillators exhibit both coherence and anti-coherence resonance phenomena when the coupling strength is varied, and these effects occur simultaneously.
3348h agoThe Jacobian determinant reveals a geometric layer in phase-space organization of conservative billiard systems, showing structured domains of local expansion and contraction that balance globally.
3348h agoDeep learning techniques can be used to develop a precise time-stepping approach for multiscale systems, allowing for state-of-the-art predictive accuracy at lower computational costs.
3348h agoThe integrable systems approach uses theta functions of Jacobians to provide solutions to the KP equation and explain Krichever's proof of Welters' trisecant conjecture.
3348h agoThe Bureau-Guillot systems with Painlevé transcendent coefficients are birationally equivalent, and one related system can be transformed into a Hamiltonian system via iterative polynomial regularisation.
3348h agoScientists construct quantum-integrable spin chains with long-range interactions by "freezing" integrable quantum many-body systems with spins, resulting in a range of integrable spin chains, including the Heisenberg and Haldane-Shastry chains.
3348h agoBiological rate-temperature relationships often deviate from simple Arrhenius behavior, and are instead described by various phenomenological models that define operational quantities such as optimal temperatures and thermal limits.
3348h agoNetwork-level models provide a mechanistic link between temperature response curves and the molecular organization of biological systems.
3348h agoThe spherical Hopfield model for pattern recognition shows that a spin glass phase emerges at lower temperatures, where patterns and correlations appear, and this phase can also occur at small loading capacity.
3348h agoAdding a dreaming phase to the clipped Hopfield model improves its memorization capacity and makes searching for optimal performance more realistic.
3348h agoA compact dynamical mean-field theory describes the behavior of large networks of coupled phase oscillators interacting with both coherent mean-field coupling and quenched randomness.
3348h agoA new quantum optimization algorithm approximates the ground state of classical Ising Hamiltonians by decomposing the problem into independent subproblems and treating their interactions through a common environment.
3348h agoIn systems lacking translation symmetry, the local Hall conductivity increases with non-magnetic potential disorder, enhancing the Chern insulating state and topological Anderson insulator phases.
3348h agoLoss of Scn4b expression contributes to Huntington's disease pathogenesis, and overexpression of Scn4b rescues HD-associated phenotypes, including motor and cognitive deficits, by modulating gene expression and improving neuronal function.
3348h agoThe prelimbic cortex encodes emotional value through a stable subnetwork of neurons that preserves its identity over time, allowing for flexible generalization and long-term memory stability.
3348h agoThe Stiefel Manifold Dynamical System (SMDS) model captures neural dynamics more accurately than linear dynamical systems by accounting for gradual changes in the brain's representation of the external world.
3348h agoThe radioligand [18F]UCB-F does not suitably bind to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2C in living organisms, limiting its use for imaging SV2C in Parkinson's disease.
3348h agoA reward function called TANGO is developed to enforce building blocks in generative artificial intelligence for creating high-value materials with improved synthesizability.
3352h agoA hybrid deep reinforcement learning method shows that one cortical network can automatically switch between multiple behavioral strategies depending on task demands.
3352h agoCNNs use units that are not specialized for detecting numbers to represent numerosity, the ability to perceive and estimate the number of items in a visual scene.
3352h agoNeuropeptides play a key role in helping American lobsters adapt to temperature changes by reconfiguring their presence in different neural tissues.
3352h agoHippocampal-dependent navigation can be controlled by habits that are insensitive to outcome value, even when the hippocampus is involved in forming the navigation route.
3352h agoDistinct cell-type specific patterns in gene expression differentiate areas of the brain involved in seizures from areas not involved, and disruption of normal brain cell interactions drives seizure activity in epilepsy.
3352h agoEmotion regulation parameters extracted from heart rate variability data collected via consumer wearables are associated with anxiety symptoms, with fast rebound appearing protective even for highly reactive individuals.
3352h agoTraditional Chinese Medicine herbs Valeriana jatamansi, Acori tatarinowii, Fructus Schisandrae, and Scutellaria baicalensis, and a formulation combining them, reduce Amyloid-beta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease models by activating a key protective pathway.
3356h agoHuman microglia and microglia-like cells derived from stem cells have a different K+ channel activity than mouse microglia, with Kir2.1 channels activated only after stimulation and no Kv currents present.
3356h agoArc protein interacts with Mbnl1 RNA in an activity-dependent manner, facilitating transsynaptic transfer of Mbnl1 RNA through extracellular vesicles, which may play a role in neurodevelopment.
3356h agoThe prelimbic cortex to anterior cingulate cortex pathway regulates pain processing and behavior by reducing pain aversion through feedforward inhibition of pain-sensing neurons.
3356h agoThe geniculostriate visual pathway dominates reflexive oculomotor inhibition, and visual signals bypassing this pathway are not as central as previously thought.
3356h agoMultitasking can facilitate performance when tasks have little interference with each other.
3356h agoFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) captures key features of large-scale brain organization and connectivity similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), supporting its use as a portable alternative.
3356h agoHormonal changes during the menstrual cycle alter large-scale brain activation patterns, and these changes are linked to fluctuations in hormone levels and predict individual changes in psychological well-being.
3356h agoHearing loss affects the volume of the hippocampus in the brain, and tinnitus affects the volume and surface area of certain brain regions, including the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial occipito-temporal gyrus.
3356h agoThe ventrolateral preoptic nucleus contains a diverse range of astrocytes, including ones with unusual structures and functions, that form a highly connected network to support non-rapid eye movement sleep.
3356h agoPatients who became seizure-free after surgery had specific brain abnormalities localized to certain areas, whereas those who didn't become seizure-free had more scattered abnormalities, and the overlap between removed tissue and abnormal brain areas predicted seizure freedom.
3356h agoSV2C, a synaptic protein, is linked to Parkinson's disease and a PET radioligand, [11C]UCB-1A, was developed to image SV2C, potentially enabling early diagnosis and assessment of disease progression.
3356h agoEEG analysis reveals that Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease have distinct spectral signatures, characterized by spectral slowing and increased variability in key spectral features, which can distinguish them from healthy controls.
3356h agoTDP-43 mutation causes microglial dysfunction, including impaired phagocytosis and elevated oxidative stress, and the dopamine D2 receptor agonist ropinirole mitigates these abnormalities by regulating the PI3K-mTOR pathway.
3356h agoArtificial Neural Networks accurately detect interictal epileptiform discharges in EEG data, achieving a top accuracy of 0.98 in signal space and 0.84 in source space.
3356h agoDamage to specific areas of the right frontal brain, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, is linked to increased subjective happiness in people with traumatic brain injuries.
3356h agoAutoimmune neuroinflammation causes neuronal death through MIF nuclease-mediated parthanatos.
3360h agoElectrical transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (E-taVNS) enhances working memory performance in healthy young adults, while ultrasound taVNS (U-taVNS) shows a similar trend but with less effect.
3360h agoCombining psilocybin with a phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor reduces psychedelic effects while preserving its antidepressant efficacy, suggesting a promising new treatment direction for depression.
3360h agoNeuroimaging markers can track cognitive changes within individuals with ADHD over time, and also explain differences in cognitive functioning between individuals and age-related cognitive development.
3360h agoMovement reduces tactile sensitivity, but focusing attention on the movement goal helps maintain precision during passive movements.
3360h agoThe hippocampus replays memories to prioritize experiences that accelerate learning for efficient decision making through attractor dynamics that enable biased sampling of memories.
3360h agoInflammatory arthritis pain stems from sustained interferon-driven MNK1/MNK2–elF4E signaling that sensitizes joint-innervating neurons.
3364h agoVisual neurons drive AI models to compete in generating features that neurons prefer, forming shared local patterns and shifting neuronal preference from texture to object structure over time.
3364h agoA digital twin of the human brain integrating individual neuroanatomy and dynamics can recreate a person's specific brain network patterns and predict their symptom trajectories.
3364h agoKetamine disconnects key brain cells called backbone units, silencing brain networks, but repeated exposure causes the brain to adapt, reducing the effect.
3364h agoTask-based fMRI data better predict the functional organization of the brain during mental tasks than resting-state fMRI data, especially when the tasks are diverse.
3364h agoHuman midbrain-hindbrain organoids with cortical organoids form a new system that models serotonin dynamics and neuropsychiatric disease, allowing for study of abnormal serotonin activity and testing of treatments.
3364h agoChildren with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have distinct atypical low-frequency neural dynamics during speech encoding.
3364h agoSuppressing fast-spiking interneurons in the anteromedial shell of the nucleus accumbens induces convulsive seizures, identifying this region as a critical hub for convulsive seizure generation in STXBP1- or SCN2A-associated epilepsies.
3364h agoParvalbumin-expressing cortical interneurons can be generated efficiently and reproducibly in vitro within 50 days of differentiation without forced gene expression or cell sorting.
3364h agoA comprehensive benchmark of 106 M/EEG inverse solvers reveals that no single method dominates all scenarios, with subspace and hybrid methods excelling at multi-source and extended-source recovery, and Bayesian methods leading under focal and noisy conditions.
3368h agoOptogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells produces different responses to natural images than photoreceptor stimulation, but modifying the images can make the responses more similar.
3368h agoInhibitory callosal coupling and prefrontal working-memory buffer synergy are required for functional lateralization in a miniature brain transformer architecture, with the prefrontal buffer acting as a symmetry-breaker.
3372h agoVisual cognition is accompanied by slowly propagating polarization waves in cortical tissue that have a propagation speed of about 1.5 cm/s.
3372h agoLearning a new task increases redundancy in brain responses, which in turn increases the information carried by individual neurons.
3372h agoRECAP, a bio-inspired learning strategy, enables robust image classification by combining untrained reservoir dynamics with self-organizing Hebbian prototype readout, allowing it to remain robust under diverse corruptions.
3372h agoLarge language models can be induced to exhibit antisocial personality traits, similar to humans, through minimal fine-tuning, revealing a latent persona structure that can lead to misaligned behaviors.
3372h agoA new computer model combines musculoskeletal simulation, reinforcement learning, and electromyography synthesis to simulate neural control and adaptability in virtual humans.
3372h agoCentipedes actively adjust their body stiffness to achieve fast and efficient movement, with their lateral muscles playing a speed-dependent role in maintaining coordination between leg movements and body curvature.
3372h agoLarge language models generate accurate captions that describe the selectivity of brain voxels, offering insights into human visual representations throughout the visual cortex.
3372h agoCausal Inference in Time Series (CITS) accurately identifies causal pathways in complex systems, including neural networks, by modelling dynamics and testing for conditional independence.
3372h agoCombining deep learning with Dynamic Input Conductances (DICs) allows for fast and scalable reconstruction of degenerate neuronal populations directly from spike times, enabling investigation into how neurons use conductance variability for reliable computation.
3372h agoAI chatbots can produce concerning responses to users discussing mental health, with risks varying depending on the user's vulnerability and conversation history.
3372h agoNeuroFlowNet, a novel cross-modal generative framework, reconstructs high-fidelity intracranial electroencephalography signals from non-invasive scalp electroencephalography signals, capturing complex waveforms and random characteristics of deep brain activity.
3372h agoThe identity of a speaker influences language comprehension by modulating perception and expectation through the interplay of bottom-up and top-down processes.
3372h agoA new geometric deep learning model based on transformer architecture accurately classifies Alzheimer's disease and predicts brain amyloid positivity, improving diagnosis accuracy without needing expensive and invasive PET scans.
3372h agoA new mechanism called pseudo-coherence drives collective organization in stochastic systems, leading to intermittent phase alignment and synchronization-like behavior without intrinsic oscillators.
3372h agoDissipation in nonlinear evolution equations leads to attractor collapse and loss of dynamical richness, but a geometric framework called Covariant Multi-Scale Negative Coupling Systems prevents finite-dimensional degeneration and maintains high-dimensional attractors.
3372h agoThis paper presents a simple construction of algebro-geometric solutions to the Gelfand--Dickey hierarchy based on the $A_n$-type infinite ODE system and Dubrovin's method.
3372h agoThe Jacobian determinant reveals a geometric layer in phase-space organization of static billiard systems, showing domains of local expansion and contraction that balance globally.
3372h agoChaos can emerge in dynamical systems without spectral criticality, through a mechanism involving non-normality that leads to transient amplification and a positive maximal Lyapunov exponent.
3372h agoThree eigenfunction constraints of two 2+1-dimensional differential-difference integrable systems give rise to semi-discrete integrable hierarchies, including a semi-discrete Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur hierarchy and a combined semi-discrete Burgers hierarchy.
3372h agoThe general bright-dark soliton solutions to the coupled Sasa-Satsuma equation are derived using the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili reduction method.
3372h agoSophie Kowalevski's paper on the Kovalevskaya Top was originally written in French and published in 1889.
3372h agoTwo new symbolic forecasters, SyNF and SyTF, learn explicit algebraic equations from chaotic time series data, providing transparent and interpretable predictions that reveal underlying dynamics.
3372h agoThe dynamics of a two-dimensional vertical falling film can be formulated in terms of interface evolution, revealing a range of interfacial behaviors, including travelling waves and chaotic regimes, that evolve onto an inertial manifold with approximately linear growth.
3372h agoRewards for trustworthy behavior do not always promote trust, and moderate rewards can help build trust, but excessive rewards can ultimately suppress it.
3372h agoA one-parameter family of coupled Dirac-scalar field theories is integrable in (1+1) dimensions, interpolating between the Dirac-sinh-Gordon and Dirac-sine-Gordon systems.
3372h agoThe Taguchi method helps optimize nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers by quickly converging to desired pulse parameters using orthogonal arrays.
3372h agoChaos theory's math was largely understood 70 years before its founding, but was ignored due to a strict form of empiricism that labeled it "useless" and "meaningless".
3372h agoThe Kuramoto model's d-dimensional generalization shows that oscillators on a network synchronize when their frequency matrices are identical and the network structure meets a coherence condition.
3372h agoThe anomalous dispersion segment in soliton-similariton fiber lasers causes their operational stability, maintaining continuous mode-locking for weeks by supporting the soliton and increasing the stability margin.
3372h agoThe study finds that chaotic synchronization in a neuron model with electromagnetic induction and a switchable memristive autapse can be achieved with asymptotic stability when the memristive switching remains dissipative and practical stability with an explicit ultimate bound under non-dissipative switching.
3372h agoA new framework called smooth prototype equivalences helps characterize the long-term behavior of dynamical systems from limited measurements by matching observations to typical behaviors using neural networks.
3372h agoUsing large learning rates shifts the optimization of artificial neural networks from exploitation to a balance of exploration and exploitation, which can accelerate training.
3372h agoA generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation provides a nonlinear framework for studying two-dimensional attractive Bose systems, allowing calculations of system properties and predicting universal bound states, breathing modes, and excited states.
3372h agoThe half-wave maps equation has a unique and continuous flow map for data in the critical energy space, with solutions showing almost periodicity in time and quasi-periodicity for rational initial data.
3372h agoPoisson algebras of Coulomb branches in 3d gauge theories provide structures that reproduce the equations of motion of spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider models.
3372h agoA new type of topology is demonstrated in photonic scattering networks, where two-dimensional non-Abelian band topology is realized experimentally, exhibiting unique topological phenomena and edge states.
3372h agoHierarchically patterned layers in bi-layer composites can localize failure at the interface and enhance interface toughness by dissipating elastic energy in a buffer region.
3372h agoLocalization transitions in non-Hermitian quasiperiodic Hamiltonians persist in the semiclassical limit, but their classical origin does not universally match the quantum critical point.
3372h agoScientists learn the dynamics of open many-body quantum systems by using a maximum-likelihood method on Pauli measurements taken at multiple transient times.
3372h agoUrban land cover doubled between 1985 and 2015, and urban expansion is a complex process driven by interactions between population growth, infrastructure, institutions, and market failures.
3372h agoA slow Arrhenius process in amorphous glass-forming polymers represents the high-temperature limit of an alpha-like process in a fluid of dynamically correlated clusters.
3372h agoModerate random spatial truncation does not change the hyperuniformity classification of disordered systems, and modest reciprocal-space radial pooling effectively smooths spurious fluctuations without changing the classification.
3372h agoA simple local reluctant search algorithm performs as well as a sophisticated message-passing algorithm in optimizing spin glass models, but its runtime depends on the distribution of entries in the coupling matrix.
3372h agoThe free energy of a class of spin glass models with p-spin interactions in a transverse magnetic field converges to that of the quantum random energy model as p approaches infinity.
3372h agoUsing large learning rates shifts the optimization of artificial neural networks from exploitation to a balance of exploration and exploitation, which can accelerate training.
3372h agoHeating and cooling 2D materials on textured substrates causes irreversible changes in their electronic properties due to breakdown of van der Waals bonds.
3372h agoA novel mechanism enables topological transitions in non-Hermitian systems controlled by system size through a new approach called exceptional-bound band engineering.
3372h agoThe new method captures the mechanical response of glassy polymers, such as shear modulus and relaxation spectrum, across a wide range of frequencies, from hundreds of terahertz to millihertz.
3372h agoTwo quantum-classical hybrid methods simulate the time-dependence of electron-phonon systems, treating electronic correlations exactly and optical-phonon degrees of freedom classically, and show that classical oscillators coupled to strongly disordered systems lead to delocalization.
3372h agoChess960 starting positions show a near-universal first-move advantage for White, and the complexity of openings varies greatly, with small changes in piece arrangement substantially altering strategic depth and competitive balance.
3372h agoThe infinite random Heisenberg XXZ spin-$\frac12$ chain exhibits slow propagation of information in any energy interval.
3372h agoInfrared nerve stimulation evokes compound action potentials in ex vivo preparations of rat sciatic nerves, allowing for millisecond-scale activation of peripheral nerves without electrical artifacts.
3372h agoSpatial reward learning produces strong reward signals in the brain, but it does not lead to long-lasting changes in spatial priority, and its effects do not transfer well to other tasks.
3372h agoInternal brain states predict and shape spontaneous animal behavior, with specific brain circuits engaged before the behavior starts, independent of the type of behavior.
3372h agoFunctional MRS measurements of metabolic changes associated with neuronal activation are biased by spectral lineshape changes, but this bias can be reduced to less than 0.2% by correcting for BOLD linewidth changes.
3372h agoModel-based Pavlovian responding plays a key role in Pavlovian-instrumental transfer, and internal cognitive states like mind wandering selectively impair this type of responding.
3376h agoIgfn1-positive cells develop into type-7 bipolar cells, which are direction-selective, by postnatal day 15, and Igfn1iCre can be used as a tool to access these cells during their development.
3376h agoThe rotating tilted lines illusion can be used to estimate the population receptive field in vision, providing similar results to fMRI and electrophysiology methods.
3376h agoC1QL3 protein is localized to specific synapses in the brain, positioned to play a role in trans-synaptic complexes, and its expression is mapped to various brain regions.
3376h agoIncreased skin greenness is a reliable objective indicator of motion sickness severity, particularly after exposure to sensory conflict paradigms such as virtual reality and parabolic flight.
3376h agoRise time prolongation leads to a decrease in the amplitude of the main ERP components and an increase in their latencies.
3376h agoLimb-selective regions in both the ventral and lateral temporal lobes shrink from childhood to adulthood, with this change particularly pronounced in the left hemisphere of the lateral temporal lobe.
3376h agoThe brain can harm the heart through certain neural pathways.
3380h agoExercise factors produced by the liver improve blood vessels in the brain.
3380h agoNo change needed, as there is no paragraph to summarize. The text appears to be a citation and publication information. If you'd like to add a paragraph to summarize, I'd be happy to help!
3380h agoAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) shares developmental programs with other conditions.
3380h agoPoTS maps reaction transition states inside zeolite pores, explaining differences in catalytic selectivity and informing zeolite design.
3380h agoA novel event, such as an innovative neuroscience lesson, boosts memory retrieval and divergent thinking in high school students, but only when the event occurs immediately before a memory test or divergent thinking task.
3380h agoGreater variability in the timing of visual cortical responses in infancy is associated with higher cognitive and language skills at 24 months.
3380h agoThalamic activity changes track cortical network dynamics associated with seizure propagation, showing increased broadband power and low-frequency rhythmic activity across the thalamocortical network during seizures.
3380h agoAging degrades neuronal structure and function, but cholecystokinin-like neuropeptide signaling helps preserve neuronal integrity over adult life by protecting against excessive dendritic branching and declines in proprioceptive function.
3380h agoScientists identified genetic elements that control the activity of pain-sensing nerve cells and used them to develop a tool that reduces the excitability of these cells, which could lead to new treatments for chronic pain.
3380h agoAutomated patch clamp recording combined with optogenetic stimulation can distinguish subtypes of DRG neurons that express NaV1.8 and TRPV1.
3380h agoDigital media engagement affects the brain's anterior insular cortex, a region involved in integrating social and emotional information.
3380h agoDeep learning models for motor imagery brain-computer interfaces improve overall performance and help subjects with less distinguishable brain patterns, but may reflect existing disparities in brain signal patterns between sexes rather than causing them.
3380h agoExpectations bias perception towards expected events early on, but later enhance perception of unexpected events that are informative for learning.
3380h agoExpectations can change the activity of certain nerve fibers that transmit pain signals, making them less responsive to painful stimuli.
3380h agoAmacrine cells in the vertebrate retina have evolved into 42 distinct types through a process of co-evolution with retinal ganglion cells, with their diversity reflecting adaptations to different visual environments.
3380h agoMice with diverse genetic backgrounds exhibit different social behaviors due to distinct neural network activities in the brain, with selfish mice showing elevated activity in areas linked to self-interest.
3384h agoMitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons, mediated by specialized extracellular vesicles, is reduced in Alzheimer's disease and this pathway normally supports synaptic energy homeostasis by promoting fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation.
3384h agoMajor depressive disorder is associated with disruptions in brain networks, including hyperconnectivity within sensorimotor and temporal areas, and hypoconnectivity from higher cognitive networks.
3384h agoThe brain builds behavior by chaining actions and perceptions into precisely timed sequences, and researchers found that inhibitory timing acts as the brain's internal clock to advance sequences while enforcing error-corrected precision.
3384h agoThe hippocampal-entorhinal system can construct cognitive maps that support both spatial and non-spatial tasks, and this ability can be used for abstract reasoning.
3384h agoTheta sweeps in the entorhinal grid cells are topographically organised along the dorsoventral axis of the medial entorhinal cortex, with the positional signal changing from smaller to larger scale from dorsal to ventral modules.
3384h agoThe selection of creative ideas is driven by the brain's valuation system, which compares the values of candidate ideas like it does in economic decisions.
3384h agoA new metric, the Sliding Refractory Period metric, estimates artifactual contamination in electrophysiological recordings without needing to know the neuron's refractory period duration, improving quantification of contamination across diverse brain regions and species.
3384h agoArousal fluctuations trigger a brain-wide hemodynamic wave that follows a subcortex-to-cortex gradient, and this wave appears to be independent of noradrenergic tone.
3384h agoPhosphorylation of SORL1's cytoplasmic tail by ROCK2 reduces its affinity to retromer, and inhibiting RhoGEF12, an upstream activator of ROCK2, increases endosomal SORL1-retromer and reduces Alzheimer's disease indicators.
3384h agoAstrocytes are activated by top-down input from the anterior piriform cortex, but not by bottom-up input from olfactory sensory neurons, through a mechanism involving action potential-dependent ATP release.
3384h agoHuman cortical folding patterns are linked to genetic variants, with rare and common variants affecting sulcal complexity, and specific genes and pathways are identified that influence cortical morphogenesis.
3384h agoHumans adjust to changing social strategies by updating their beliefs, and this process is linked to a specific neural signature.
3388h agoATXN1 family genes play essential roles in development, neuroimmune regulation, sensorimotor behavior, and retinal signaling, with ATXN1a, ATXN1b, and ATXN1l having both shared and distinct functions.
3392h agoMDMA increases spine density and induces prefrontal structural and functional plasticity, which facilitates the brain's ability to suppress fear behavior during extinction.
3392h agoBrain activity can be broken down into behavior-related and internal computations, and a new modeling approach called behavior-decomposed linear dynamical systems (b-dLDS) can disentangle these two types of computations.
3396h agoThe CODEC method decomposes neural network behavior into sparse motifs of hidden-neuron contributions, revealing causal processes that drive network outputs and enabling greater control and interpretation of intermediate layers.
3396h agoA new method, called DE-AC, reliably detects the onset of period-doubling bifurcation in cardiac systems, predicting potentially dangerous alternating rhythms in the heart.
3396h agoA new approach combines local reduced order modelling with adjoint-based optimization to efficiently optimize spatiotemporally chaotic systems.
3396h agoSpiral waves in reaction-diffusion systems interact through a force that determines their drift velocity, with the force being proportional to the wave's response, which depends on its region of influence and changes over time.
3396h agoDecreasing the fractional power α in the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with harmonic confinement systematically shifts bifurcation curves, fragments stability windows for excited states, and affects coherence and instability in different ways depending on the regime.
3396h agoMaxwell fronts exist and have stability properties in discrete nonlinear systems with competing nonlinearities, and their behavior and stability change across different coupling regimes.
3396h agoA macroscopic phase in oscillator networks with time-varying coupling becomes well-defined only when it is robustly estimable, which happens when a threshold controlled by network size and order parameter is met.
3396h agoThe motion of compressible fluid on a rotating sphere is studied, presenting hodograph equations that provide a class of solutions to the Euler equation parameterized by two arbitrary functions.
3396h agoNonlinear magnetoelastic wave dynamics in hexagonal multiferroic media evolve from quasiperiodic oscillations to strongly anharmonic multimode dynamics as magnetoelastic coupling strength increases.
3396h agoTemperature gradients drive the formation of steady-state convective patterns in systems with attractive particles through a mechanism involving the emergence of a dominant unstable mode.
3396h agoThe isotropic six-vertex model's height function converges to a properly scaled full-plane Gaussian free field in the scaling limit with certain weights.
3396h agoThe spectral transform is a birational isomorphism of integrable systems when the convex integral polygon is a standard triangle of side length d.
3396h agoThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could transition to a weak state as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase, leading to centennial oscillations and potentially diverging climate trajectories.
3396h agoThe phase space of Calogero--Moser--Sutherland integrable systems corresponding to Lie groups $SU(n)$ decomposes into symplectic strata of dimensions $2s$, where $s = 0, 1, \ldots, n - 1$.
3396h agoA driven particle system with multiple lanes shows a robust dynamical exponent of 3/2 for the umbilic mode, indicating a new universality class with long-lived hydrodynamic modes.
3396h agoTensor networks with random and fluctuating parameters behave like a thermal quantum Hall system, exhibiting phases such as localized phases, quantum Hall criticality, and a robust thermal metal.
3396h agoThe Heisenberg perturbation breaks down topological order in the toric code and drives a phase transition to an antiferromagnetic N\'eel phase.
3396h agoPredictive coding graphs define a mathematical superset of feedforward artificial neural networks, positioning them more strongly within machine learning.
3396h agoThe maximal energy of a spin glass with +/-1 spins has large deviations above its typical value that follow an asymptotically quadratic rate function when an external magnetic field is present.
3396h agoThe optimal threshold for quantum error correcting codes is determined by optimising over all possible recovery schemes, which can be described by quantum channels.
3396h agoThe density of complex resonance poles in a one-dimensional disordered sample can be evaluated using an analytic approach that links the density of resonances to the distribution of the reflection coefficient at complex energies.
3396h agoPredictive coding networks offer a promising framework for future machine learning innovations by combining neuroscience-inspired approaches with more biologically plausible algorithms.
3396h agoThe system exhibits a dimensional crossover in equilibrium, and confinement modifies the non-equilibrium dynamics of a tracer particle pulled through a disordered medium, affecting its diffusion coefficient and fluctuation behavior.
3396h agoGraph Neural Networks struggle with harder Boolean Satisfiability Problems because their design is limited by oversquashing, which is linked to the negative curvature of the graph representation of the problem.
3396h agoPhotonic neuromorphic networks can process information efficiently and in real-time without converting optical signals to electrical signals, by using a purely photonic deep network architecture with a local feedback mechanism and Hebbian learning rule.
3396h agoLesion network mapping results, including a symptom-based variant, lack disease specificity and instead reflect the brain's fundamental sensorimotor-association organizational axis.
3404h agoMusculoskeletal simulations in lower-limb cycling biomechanics are mainly used to investigate bicycle-rider configuration, neuromuscular coordination, and electrical stimulation control, but are limited by small, predominantly male cohorts and inconsistent reporting standards.
3404h agoFaster stimulation protocols produce similar results to traditional protocols, reducing testing time by 60%, and combining classical analysis with multivariate classification provides a powerful framework for mapping somatosensory representations across the body.
3404h agoThe gentle touch receptor neurons in the body wall of Caenorhabditis elegans are sensitive to dynamic surface traction and play a role in locomotion.
3404h agoMirroring in Dance Movement Therapy takes different forms depending on the relational context and client expressivity, and involves different embodied coordination modes, such as fine-grained entrainment in dyadic interactions and stable postural scaffolding in triadic interactions.
3404h agoA new protocol for preserving whole brains allows for connectomically traceable brains to be stored for thousands of years with their ultrastructure intact.
3420h agoPeople with insomnia have impaired ability to control unwanted thoughts and memories, and this impairment is linked to inefficient brain activity and poor sleep quality.
3420h agoThe Graph Diffusion Optimal Transport Network (GDOT-Net) models disease-related brain connectivity changes and aligns structural and functional brain networks to improve the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
3420h agoHappy music changes the way people make social decisions by speeding up their reactions, altering brain activity, and shifting from executive control to integrative processing.
3420h agoComplement activation drives Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA) in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting complement may reduce ARIA risk.
3420h agoThe enteric nervous system detects nutrients, irritants, and cytokines through specific neurons, and this detection relies on a connection between chemosensory epithelial cells and enteric neurons.
3420h agoHexadirectional analysis can produce false positives, and grid cell activity in rodents does not directly generate this signal, which instead emerges from specific nonlinear transformations of firing variance.
3420h agoA fast and low-cost method for manufacturing flexible subdural electrode arrays was developed, allowing for rapid prototyping and customization of neural interfaces for intraoperative monitoring and chronic neural recordings.
3424h agoXylazine and other alpha2-adrenergic agonists have distinct patterns of activity at various receptors, which may lead to side-effects or therapeutic benefits.
3424h agoDynamic routing and interpretability in a machine learning framework accelerate the discovery of better electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
3436h agoThe PropMolFlow model uses flow matching to generate chemically valid molecules in three dimensions with targeted properties, enabling accelerated discovery of useful molecules.
3436h agoBeta activity during movement consists of different types of bursts with distinct roles in motor adaptation, and understanding these burst types is essential to understanding how the brain supports adaptive behavior.
3440h agoSpeech perception relies on the integration of auditory and motor information, with motor regions representing phonetic features, such as articulatory and phonetic features of consonants, to support phoneme categorization.
3440h agoCerebrovascular remodeling starts early in Alzheimer's disease, with subtle molecular changes causing small vessel reorganization, which is linked to health outcomes and correlated with amyloid accumulation in vessel walls and tissues.
3440h agoHuman brain function is made up of changing networks, and a new study establishes a reference framework for these dynamic brain networks using data from over 10,000 people, revealing how they change across a person's lifetime and in mental health conditions.
3440h agoOrthographic syllable processing emerges early and leads to lexical-level processing, while phonological syllable effects occur later, providing evidence for a sequential coordination of orthographic and phonological codes during lexical access.
3440h agoGluN2D-containing NMDARs are vital for hippocampal function by modulating granule cell activity and supporting synaptic plasticity.
3440h agoNeural computations in brain circuits are conserved across species, enabling similar movements through analogous neural activity patterns despite differences in behavior and evolutionary origin.
3440h agoNeuroligins organize neuronal connectivity by interacting with ICAM5, which links their extracellular recognition to intracellular actin remodeling to control neuronal growth.
3440h agoCholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens core process long-range inputs from the prefrontal cortex and thalamus differently, with thalamic inputs strongly activating and cortical inputs weakly activating the neurons.
3440h agoSpeech categorization emerges within discrete neural microstates during early sensory encoding and is supported by a selective network of brain regions, including frontal, temporal, and parietal areas in the left hemisphere.
3440h agoOverexpression of the eIF4E gene alters striatal synaptic transmission and plasticity by increasing dendritic spine density, changing receptor-mediated signals, and enhancing long-term potentiation in spiny projection neurons.
3440h agoOCD disrupts higher-order interactions across brain networks, particularly in topological loops spanning frontoparietal, default mode, and sensorimotor networks.
3440h agoRubicon promotes neuroinflammation and oxidative stress after traumatic brain injury by modulating autophagy and reactive oxygen species production.
3440h agoThe OP-GLX toolbox enables real-time processing and visualization of large-scale neural data, complementing current neural data acquisition methods and allowing researchers to interact with and interpret their data during ongoing experiments.
3440h agoThe TdTomato-Pcp2 RD rat model exhibits retinal degeneration with fluorescently labeled retinal cells, allowing for the study of retinal transplant connectivity.
3440h agoStimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex with high-density theta burst stimulation reduces relapse-like behavior and restores brain connectivity in a rodent model of opiate dependence.
3440h agoBrains fixed with saturated salt solution or alcohol-formaldehyde solution can be good alternatives to neutral-buffered-formalin-fixed brains for immunofluorescence experiments when using a SudanBlackB protocol.
3440h agoPERK deficiency increases susceptibility to brain damage and disruption of protein homeostasis after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.
3444h agoDamage to the internal capsule causes severe and persistent flexor synergy, while the extent of corticofugal disruption determines the emergence of abnormal synergies after a stroke.
3444h agoCalcium imaging with GCaMP6s does not reveal gap junctional coupling between excitatory descending interneurons in the Xenopus laevis tadpole motor system.
3444h agoFlies use a minimalistic world model to select ecologically relevant terrain, guided by a hierarchy of visual cues that influence their flight paths and exploration patterns.
3444h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) promotes neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by modulating microglia's immune pathways, polarization, and communication with other immune cells.
3444h agoBetrayal aversion has a stronger effect on reducing cooperation than loss aversion, and it is processed earlier in decision-making, affecting how people cooperate with others.
3444h agoDiffusion MRI biomarkers detect microstructural damage from cerebral small vessel disease at least a decade before white matter hyperintensities appear, and cardiometabolic conditions and sex predict their progression.
3448h agoDeep single-soma RNA sequencing sheds light on the neural basis of human somatosensation.
3452h agoProlonged subthreshold membrane voltage depolarization closely accompanies large amplitude calcium elevation in awake mice, and regulates intracellular calcium dynamics and signaling.
3456h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex regulates reward predictions by using two major efferent pathways - one to the central dorsal striatum and the other to the mediodorsal thalamus - in distinct ways to shape context-appropriate reward seeking.
3456h agoYoung children's brains adapt to unclear speech by using different strategies as they develop, with infants and toddlers showing different brain activity patterns when listening to degraded speech.
3460h agoChanges in the uncinate fasciculus, a brain pathway, are linked to childhood abuse, and nearly 50 genes are differently expressed in this pathway in people with depression who experienced childhood abuse compared to those who did not.
3460h agoThe diversity of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex comes from two sources: molecular cell type-specific properties and cortical depth-dependent changes that affect all cell types similarly.
3460h agoPre-adolescent children show reduced network assignment confidence and weaker within-network connectivity than adults, but have similar large-scale network architecture and boundaries.
3460h agoGroup B Streptococcus infection breaks down the arachnoid barrier in newborns by increasing its permeability and triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly by meningeal fibroblasts.
3460h agoAstrocytic GLUT1 plays a crucial role in maintaining cerebrospinal fluid glucose, cognitive performance, and motor coordination, and its deficiency contributes to glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).
3460h agoMesial temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with changes in specific brain cells, including reduced interneurons, increased Cajal-Retzius cells and microglia, and altered gene expression in these cells.
3460h agoThis study suggests that fundamental cognitive properties of consciousness, including discrimination, categorization, and information integration, can be derived from an executable cognitive system's learning mechanism and its computational mechanisms.
3464h agoThe INTENSE framework uses mutual information to detect associations between neurons and behavior from raw calcium fluorescence data, enabling the identification of neuronal selectivity patterns and mixed selectivity in freely behaving animals.
3464h agoHigh-capacity neocortical networks optimise stored representations for generalisation by selectively retaining information that predicts future outcomes through predictive forgetting.
3464h agoHippocampal neurons use separate but related codes to track the positions of self, others, and gaze direction, allowing for abstraction and individuation across different agents and viewpoints.
3464h agoA computer system can predict a person's intended movement with 80% accuracy by analyzing muscle signals from the arm, allowing for early anticipation and response in rehabilitation devices.
3464h agoMachine learning approach called equilibrium-informed neural networks identifies critical thresholds associated with abrupt shifts in complex systems by analyzing equilibrium states and system parameters.
3464h agoCytoNet, a foundation model, encodes complex cellular patterns in histological images into meaningful feature representations, supporting multiple applications in analyzing cortical microarchitecture and linking cellular architecture to brain organization.
3464h agoOptimising representational similarity instead of neural activities directly leads to a family of convex optimisation problems that can be used to model neural activity and derive results on neural coding.
3464h agoGrid cells in the brain help keep track of position as one moves about the world through path-integration, and their unique code can be explained as a biologically plausible, high-fidelity way to represent position.
3464h agoThis work develops a dynamical theory of sequential reasoning in Hopfield networks, providing explicit conditions for self-sustained memory transitions.
3464h agoThe Darboux system, which governs rotation coefficients of three-dimensional metrics, can be formulated as a sixth-order PDE for a scalar potential that is Lagrangian and part of the KP hierarchy.
3464h agoSolitons in the Ostrovsky equation can arise from initial pulse-like perturbations, organize into regular trains or irregular configurations, and interact inelastically, resulting in a dominant soliton that absorbs energy from smaller solitons.
3464h agoThe study classifies local Hamiltonian operators for multi-component evolutionary differential-difference equations and computes the Poisson cohomology for a two-component Hamiltonian operator with a degenerate leading term.
3464h agoExcitation of a massive bound mode deforms geodesic motion in the Abelian-Higgs model, changing vortex trajectories and enhancing chaotic behavior in final state formation.
3464h agoInhomogeneous natural frequencies and phase lag in interactions can control the synchronization state of a ring network of phase oscillators, allowing for a specific wavenumber to be targeted.
3464h agoThe Sabra models of turbulence converge to a stochastic process when viscosity and small-scale noise vanish, exhibiting universality and convergence characteristics determined by a renormalization group operator.
3464h agoThe dynamics of spiral wave chimeras in a two-dimensional phase oscillator network follow distinct scaling laws across the phase lag, with the incoherent core radius scaling linearly and the average total positive winding number growing exponentially.
3464h agoThe interplay of nonlinearity, coupling, and noise yields three distinct escape mechanisms in populations of diffusively coupled bistable elements, depending on coupling strength.
3464h agoType-I neurons exhibit explosive synchronization under certain conditions, specifically weak heterogeneity, on scale-free and star networks with complete and partial degree-frequency correlation.
3464h agoThe mean-field formulation of a probabilistic cellular automaton approximates the logistic equation only when the neighborhood range is infinite.
3464h agoThermal fluctuations destroy the dissipationless supercurrent state in superconductors through thermally activated phase slips, which have an activation barrier determined by a space-dependent saddle-point configuration of the order parameter.
3464h agoStructured Kolmogorov-Arnold Neural ODEs (SKANODEs) integrate structured state-space modeling with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks to accurately and interpretably model nonlinear dynamical systems, recovering physically meaningful latent states and extracting compact expressions for governing dynamics.
3464h agoSix two-dimensional quantum superintegrable systems in flat space are exactly solvable and have a hidden Lie algebraic structure, admitting algebraic forms for their Hamiltonian and integrals, polynomial eigenfunctions, and infinite-dimensional invariant subspaces.
3464h agoMachine learning algorithms infer the entanglement structure of disordered quantum spin chains by learning from the strong disorder renormalisation group method.
3464h agoTopological strong zero modes persist in the topological phase of random Ising-Majorana chains, even in the presence of quenched disorder, with SZM fidelities converging exponentially to unity.
3464h agoGraph Neural Networks struggle with hard Boolean Satisfiability Problems because the graphs representing these problems have negative curvature that creates connectivity bottlenecks.
3464h agoA model of strongly clustered random graphs reveals that positive degree assortativity accompanies high transitivity and non-trivial structure in the clustering spectrum.
3464h agoQuenched randomness in diffusion rates destabilizes the directed-percolation critical point in the contact process, causing the transition to belong to the same infinite-randomness universality class as the contact process with disorder in infection or healing rates.
3464h agoBoltzmann Generators capture essential signatures of critical behavior and retain reliable performance when trained at or near criticality, enabling efficient exploration of complex thermodynamic landscapes.
3464h agoThe percolation threshold for quasi-three-dimensional stick systems is 6.850923, which is 21.5% above the threshold for two-dimensional systems.
3464h agoA new decoder using a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo algorithm, called the worm algorithm, performs optimal decoding for "matchable" qLDPC codes and is computationally efficient for certain settings.
3464h agoExtreme Quantum Cognition Machines are a class of quantum learning architectures that make decisions with noisy and contradictory training data.
3464h agoA lattice model study reveals that confinement and driving force interact to affect the diffusion of a tracer particle through a disordered medium with obstacles.
3464h agoStochastic Ising machines offer a 100 to 10,000 times speed-up in sampling quantum magnets with neural-network quantum states compared to standard Metropolis-Hastings sampling.
3464h agoCircularly polarized laser light induces edge modes in monolayer amorphous carbon, making it a potential platform for engineering topological phases.
3464h agoThis work develops a dynamical theory of sequential reasoning in Hopfield networks, providing explicit conditions for self-sustained memory transitions.
3464h agoThe human striatum is divided into six zones, each with distinct populations of neurons and coordinated signaling with astrocytes, and these zones have different molecular properties that change with age.
3464h agoThe dorsal raphe nucleus neurons have diverse projection patterns in the brain, and their development and plasticity are shaped by early life experiences, with a critical window for stress to alter their projections.
3464h agoMitochondria help organize the spatial structure of neural connections by directing microtubule dynamics, and a protein called RIC-7 is essential for this process, allowing neural connections to reorganize during growth.
3464h agoRhesus macaques use distinct reasoning strategies to track the best achievable outcome in complex economic decisions, and neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encode and update this information in real time.
3464h agoInfrequent and salient stimuli do not automatically trigger a rapid, involuntary pause in movement, but instead lead to behavioural slowing and electromyographical suppression in specific contexts.
3464h agoReading direction influences how people perceive faces, with a left-side bias stronger in those who read from left to right and weaker or absent in those who read from right to left.
3464h agoStreak-aware localization microscopy enables super-resolved structural and functional imaging by converting motion-blurred streaks from low frame rate recordings into detailed maps, reducing reconstruction time and hardware complexity.
3464h agoSleep deprivation disrupts error awareness and the ability to use awareness to guide behavior, leading to slower responses, reduced accuracy, and impaired post-error adjustments.
3464h agoA new software toolbox called Neptune was developed to analyze spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, which requires specialized processing steps due to the cord's unique anatomy and noise sources.
3464h agoA simplified model of intrinsically bursting neurons allows for direct control of bursting characteristics and reproduces biophysical responses and circuit-level activity patterns, providing a practical tool for studying rhythm generation in neural circuits.
3464h agoThe conduction velocity of signals along axons slows down, but the ratio of terminal to initial velocity remains consistent across different branch lengths.
3464h agoA mediolateral tilt board is a valid transfer task for stabilometer-based balance assessment, with similar coordination structure, balance performance, and neuromuscular strategy between the two tasks.
3464h agoManipulated performance feedback affects behavioral performance and brain activity, with slower responses and different neural oscillations when errors are attributed to oneself versus a malfunctioning system.
3464h agoRapid learning changes the flow of neural activity in the motor cortex by restructuring connectivity to reroute preparatory activity to specific neurons.
3464h agoThe 5xFAD-NSG mouse model develops Alzheimer's disease symptoms, including brain plaques, inflammation, and behavioral changes, making it suitable for testing human cell therapies.
3464h agoRORγ is expressed in embryonic neurons, not just immune cells, and this expression affects how we understand the role of RORγ-expressing cells in brain development and function.
3464h agoDynamic Bayesian networks, especially discrete ones, are the best method for analysing neural information flow, outperforming other methods such as multivariate Granger causality and LASSO regression, depending on the type and structure of the data.
3464h agoMacrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote inflammatory pain resolution by engaging T cells and boosting their activation through antigen-presenting cells.
3464h agoMaladaptive neural processing during offline periods predicts greater depressive symptoms, with offline reactivation of negative emotional patterns linked to emotional well-being.
3464h agoTemporal interference impairs mnemonic discrimination and recognition, and a network of brain regions outside the hippocampus, including the parahippocampal and perirhinal cortex, helps to resolve this type of interference.
3464h agoNeural circuits generate motor actions based on sensory feedback by processing information in the orofacial cortices and superior colliculus to adjust movements on the fly.
3464h agoIntranasal photobiomodulation stimulates deeper brain regions, including the thalamus, more efficiently than forehead photobiomodulation, with distinct temporal responses in different brain regions and sex differences in response.
3464h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex has distinct subdivisions that serve unique functions, with the subgenual area mainly processing negative emotion and the perigenual area involved in cognitive functions such as error monitoring and social decision-making.
3464h agoChaos in neural population dynamics helps animals achieve goals while adapting to changing conditions.
3464h agoApplying EDTA to the skull allows high-resolution mapping of brain hemodynamics in primates using functional ultrasound imaging.
3464h agoTrait absorption predicts spatial presence in virtual reality through attention allocation.
3464h agoCoronary artery disease is associated with lower myelin and higher iron content in white matter, particularly in areas prone to stroke, and these changes are linked to poorer cognitive performance.
3464h agoSleep does not help memory generalization, and wakefulness may even enhance it, with people showing more generalization in the evening than in the morning.
3464h agoSynapses operate at signal-to-noise ratios that maximize information efficiency, and this efficiency decreases as synaptic conductance deviates from its natural value.
3468h agoDelayed feedback mechanisms and structural complexity jointly induce oscillatory dynamics in complex systems, with greater connectivity lowering the delay required for their onset.
3468h agoParameterized neural activity, including aperiodic exponent and individual peak alpha frequency, remains stable over five years and likely captures normal neural ageing.
3468h agoThe brain uses a two-way communication between parietal and motor areas to anticipate and prepare actions, with information about upcoming movements transmitted bidirectionally and simultaneously between these areas.
3468h agoThe medial subdivision of the inferior pulvinar (PIm) receives widespread cortical inputs from visual, parietal, and cingulate areas, with a strong focus on early visual areas, the middle temporal complex, and posterior parietal regions.
3476h agoActivation of a specific population of neurons in the parabrachial nucleus reduces food intake and increases anxiety-like behaviors, and these neurons play a role in suppressing feeding in response to threats.
3476h agoA novel headset enables accurate measurement of motor-related neural responses using electroencephalography (EEG) from sensorimotor areas, providing flexibility for varying head sizes.
3480h agoPersonalized brain decoding models can track moment-to-moment spontaneous pain fluctuations in individuals with fibromyalgia.
3484h agoLanguage switching in bilinguals engages domain-general neural mechanisms, with both language switch cost and reversed language dominance reflecting control processes that are not specific to language.
3484h agoDeletion of the WAC gene leads to changes in neurotransmitter activity, including increased cholinergic transmission and altered dopamine and serotonin behaviors, which are associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
3484h agoLarge somatic CAG expansions in medium spiny neurons accumulate with disease duration and inherited CAG repeat length, and are associated with accelerated striatal neuron loss and earlier onset of Huntington disease.
3484h agoPark2 gene knockout in mice leads to decreased motor activity and changes in brain chemicals, but does not result in pronounced Parkinson's disease symptoms.
3484h agoA single muscle-based control principle explains the activity of neurons in the primary motor cortex across different movements, and the apparent differences in how neurons encode movement are due to the mechanics of the limb.
3484h agoCocaine self-administration induces epigenomic and transcriptomic changes in the dorsal dentate gyrus, leading to changes in over 30,000 genomic regions and affecting genes involved in neuronal functioning and neuroplasticity.
3484h agoPsychedelics like LSD loosen the connection between brain structure and function, particularly in low-frequency activity, and reorganize neural dynamics in a frequency- and network-specific way.
3484h agoMaternal age in C. elegans regulates the pheromone avoidance behavior of offspring by modulating the activity of a sensory circuit through an ERI-1-microRNA-neuropeptide signaling axis.
3484h agoNeural activity in brain projections changes as it travels from one region to another, and the patterns of this activity shift depending on the conditions of stimulation and rest.
3484h agoThe brain processes social sounds in a hierarchy, with early stages segregating and refining vocalization signals, and later stages responding selectively to specific vocalization rates and patterns, with sex-specific differences emerging in higher brain regions.
3484h agoSomatostatin-expressing interneurons in the ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus play a causal role in shaping behavioral responses in aversive spaces by regulating avoidance-related behaviors.
3484h agoThe brain perceives and plans space through 1-dimensional paths rather than 2-dimensional charts.
3488h agoNEURONA, a neuro-symbolic framework, decodes interacting concepts from visual stimuli based on fMRI responses and improves decoding accuracy and generalization by incorporating structural priors.
3488h agoSynaptic feedback in a quantum brain model changes the phase structure, expanding the paramagnetic phase and altering the critical boundaries, allowing synaptic plasticity to tune collective criticality.
3488h agoSynapses work efficiently when their conductance values are at their natural level, but their efficiency drops when conductance deviates from this level.
3488h agoNeuroFlowNet, a new cross-modal generative framework, reconstructs high-fidelity intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals from non-invasive scalp electroencephalography (sEEG) signals, enabling better understanding of deep brain dynamics.
3488h agoA memory-augmented transformer uses attention to retrieve, consolidate, and write-back information to memory, and works best with inhibitory cross-talk between its left and right memory banks.
3488h agoQuantum-like modeling shows that mental markers, which are compact labels carrying cognitive and affective components, exhibit nonclassical correlations between their components, influencing context-dependent judgments and decision-making under conditions of information overload.
3488h agoThe brain achieves stability and plasticity by separating context selection and local inference into two distinct processes, with the hippocampus providing sparse signatures and the neocortex untangling geometry hierarchically.
3488h agoModern AI systems lack a type of training signal called "cognitive dark matter" which includes key functions such as metacognition, cognitive flexibility, and emotional intelligence, leading to a jagged intelligence landscape.
3488h agoA novel computational framework identifies systematic differences in brain activity patterns between individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls, characterized by increased repetitiveness, shorter motif lengths, and reduced hierarchical complexity in ADHD.
3488h agoEEG features do not consistently change in a straightforward way from acute depression to recovery, due to large individual differences.
3488h agoA new two-phase quadratic integrate-and-fire neuron model removes unphysical voltage divergence and produces realistic spike waveforms while retaining a low-dimensional description and analytically tractable expressions for collective quantities.
3488h agoDegree heterogeneity in neural networks interacts with partial symmetry in synaptic weights to induce diverse neural timescales, producing a range of dynamic behaviors and computations.
3488h agoA novel framework called SemKey enforces signal-grounded generation to decode natural language from EEG signals, addressing limitations in current models by eliminating hallucinations and achieving state-of-the-art performance.
3488h agoNeural networks' perceptual manifolds have much higher dimensions than human concepts, which leads to exponential misalignment and makes them prone to adversarial attacks.
3488h agoDecoded Neurofeedback Simulator enables researchers to model, analyze and understand neurofeedback dynamics by formalizing Decoded Neurofeedback as a machine learning problem.
3488h agoThe Bayesian brain hypothesis explains how the brain makes perceptual decisions under uncertainty, but it remains unclear how sensory neural populations encode uncertainty information.
3488h agoLinear response theory breaks down in uniformly hyperbolic systems when hierarchical asymmetry is present, causing the effective mobility to diverge as the applied force decreases.
3488h agoThe generalized Kuramoto model with unit vector oscillators and constant coupling coefficients shows multiple resonances, including Arnold tongues and devil's staircases, when driven by an external periodic force.
3488h agoA new two-phase quadratic integrate-and-fire neuron model removes unphysical voltage divergence and produces realistic spike waveforms while retaining a low-dimensional description and analytically tractable expressions for collective quantities.
3488h agoKink-anti-kink scattering in certain potentials reveals a built-in particle-pair production mechanism that affects dynamics above certain field-value thresholds.
3488h agoSome solutions of magnetic monopoles in spontaneously broken SU(2) gauge theories have a new internal degree of freedom that controls their energy density profile without changing their total energy.
3488h agoThe dominant vertices in a Boolean network determine the network's dynamics, and a reduced graph of these vertices has dynamics that is asymptotically equivalent to the original network.
3488h agoThe spectral approach shows that the eigenvalue statistics of overlap matrices in the Edwards-Anderson spin glass change from a Wigner semicircle law to a Gaussian distribution near the spin-glass critical point.
3488h agoThermal avalanches in driven amorphous systems show non-Poisson waiting time statistics due to stringy excitations, and their dynamics can be captured by a generalized Master equation.
3488h agoSufficiently strong disorder suppresses information spreading and induces localization in the Power-of-Two model, but the model remains ergodic in the thermodynamic limit for any finite disorder strength.
3488h agoDelayed feedback mechanisms and structural complexity jointly induce oscillatory dynamics in complex systems, with greater connectivity lowering the delay required for oscillations to emerge.
3488h agoTraining generative models may result in biased generalization, where the model favors samples close to training data, even if the test loss appears to be minimized.
3488h agoNeural networks' perceptual manifolds have much higher dimensions than human concepts, which leads to exponential misalignment and makes them prone to adversarial attacks.
3488h agoMulti-head attention in transformer models enables them to represent multiple attention patterns, with head specialization emerging in distinct stages during training as different heads align with latent signal directions.
3488h agoGraphs are a special case of hypergraphs, and a strict hierarchy exists with graph models being a subset of focal hypergraph models, which are in turn a subset of general hypergraph models.
3488h agoHyperuniform disorder in photonic crystal slabs leads to a specific type of light scattering loss that differs from the power law behavior seen in idealized lossless systems.
3488h agoTopological Anderson insulators can be designed and identified in disordered systems by uncovering latent symmetries that become apparent through isospectral reduction.
3488h agoThe system exhibits a dimensional crossover from two- to one-dimensional movement as time progresses, due to the interplay between immobile obstacles and quasi-confinement.
3488h agoKinetically constrained models with chiral symmetry have a large number of zero modes due to the fragmentation of the many-body Hilbert space, and these models can also have collective bound states that are robust to enlarging the system size.
3488h agoPeople born with Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis have lower metacognitive efficiency, which affects their ability to adjust confidence judgments according to task difficulty, despite having normal perceptual accuracy.
3488h agoNMDA receptors play a crucial role in regulating neuronal gain by allowing neurons to integrate dense inputs and maintain excitability as presynaptic inputs increase.
3488h agoThe cortex helps animals generalize across contexts by keeping neural activity simple, while the cerebellum helps distinguish between contexts by reorganizing this activity.
3488h agoCerebral glucose metabolism networks reflect the brain's morphometric organisation, and this metabolic-morphometric coupling strengthens with age.
3488h agoTemporal and spectral predictions interact to improve auditory perception by increasing response readiness and perceptual sensitivity, allowing people to better detect sounds under uncertain listening conditions.
3488h agoSleep helps create persistent negative emotional bias by shaping neural dynamics when we're in a negative emotional state.
3492h agoThe mediodorsal thalamus plays a pivotal role in guiding behavior by relaying cue-based information to the prefrontal cortex through distinct pathways that have unique patterns of activity during learning and behavioral flexibility.
3492h agoPsilocybin modulates the prelimbic subregion of the rat medial prefrontal cortex to change negative affective biases, which contributes to its antidepressant effects.
3492h agoSpiking during visuomotor experience drives plasticity in layer 2/3 neurons, refining prediction error computation by altering locomotion-related inputs in a firing rate-dependent manner, and this process is facilitated by neuromodulation.
3492h agoTreadmill belt speed affects stepping behavior in one-day-old rats, with faster belt speeds resulting in shorter step cycle durations and larger step areas in forelimbs and hindlimbs, and both mechanical and pharmacological stimulation reliably inducing stepping.
3492h agoTECPR2-related disorder causes early motor dysfunction, sensory problems, and progressive brain decline, but delivering the TECPR2 gene via AAV9 can restore some functions and reduce pathology in a mouse model of the disease.
3492h agoProtocadherin 15 molecules form a right-handed double helix that enables mechanical sensing by stabilizing mechanotransduction channels in the inner ear.
3492h agoThe internal representation of visual perception comprises a sigmoidal transducer and Poisson-like noise that predicts discrimination sensitivity.
3492h agoMecp2 knockout mice show more submissive behaviors and altered social hierarchy due to changed activity of neurons in the prefrontal cortex.
3500h agoHuman iPSC-derived astrocytes, produced by introducing specific transcription factors into iPSC lines, support the growth and function of mature neuronal networks and can be used to standardize the use of human astrocytes in neural research.
3500h agoMicroglial activation causes some symptoms of sickness, including reduced activity and self-care, but does not cause anorexia, weight loss, or impaired motor performance.
3500h agoHumans learn to reach around obstacles by combining two learning strategies, and they rely more on one strategy that involves less planning as they become more familiar with the space.
3500h agoO-GlcNAcylation regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, and changes in O-GlcNAcylation levels are linked to demyelination in multiple sclerosis.
3500h agoB cells modulate hippocampal network activity in response to stroke and this modulation depends on age, sex, and brain injury.
3500h agoSLC35A2 deficiency leads to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, including epilepsy, by causing a specific defect in O-GalNAc glycan synthesis, which impairs neuronal development and function.
3500h agoIschemic stroke and aging lead to chronic recruitment of lymphocytes into the CNS, where a novel B cell population, called B1b cells, proliferates and exhibits an inflammatory signature.
3500h agoPeople who develop persistent pain show a decrease in moment-to-moment variability in their pain ratings over time, while those who recover show an increase in variability.
3500h agoThe human brain combines visual and acoustic cues from speech in two different ways, using a feature-selective strategy in the superior temporal gyrus and a frequency-selective strategy in the middle temporal gyrus.
3500h agoDuring successful cooperation, brains divide and complement each other's information to achieve complex goals, with combined neural signals carrying more information than individual brains alone.
3500h agoWater deprivation induces a right-sided hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats through a mechanism involving arginine vasopressin signaling.
3500h agoThe choice of detection method changes the estimate of representational drift in hippocampal place cells, with one method identifying more stable cells with slower drift.
3500h agoA data-driven brain-computer interface called REACH-Ctrl achieves real-time control of population spiking activity in the cortex using patterned microstimulation and multi-electrode recordings.
3500h agoHumans prioritize safety over efficient movement patterns when walking in new environments, adopting a risk-averse strategy to mitigate the probability of falling by adjusting their internal learning parameters.
3500h agoThe protein language model Synapse Gigamapper identifies 152 amino-acid motifs that indicate protein localization at synapses and reveals over 100 candidate constituents of synaptic function, including SERCA, an ATPase involved in cytosolic Ca2+ clearance.
3500h agoHumans can perceive changes in arm damping from visual observation of motion, and targeted coaching can improve this ability.
3504h agoThree theories of consciousness - Integrated Information Theory, Neurorepresentationalism, and Active Inference - are compared and contrasted in terms of their core claims, explanations, and methodological strategies to assess their similarities, differences, and predictive power.
3512h agoAttention-based graph neural networks outperform other methods in classifying Caenorhabditis elegans neurons based on spatial and connection features.
3512h agoDecision making changes across the lifespan in ways that are not well understood, and integrating aging research with modern systems neuroscience can provide more mechanistic explanations of these changes.
3512h agoAgents acting competently under uncertainty must have a predictive internal state that structures their decision-making.
3512h agoTopological data analysis reveals that one-dimensional topological features, reflecting coordinated neural activity patterns, reliably distinguish neural responses to different video stimuli.
3512h agoDistinguishing between acoustic and expectation-related information in music improves EEG-based music identification when used to guide model training.
3512h agoThis work develops a dynamical theory of sequential reasoning in Hopfield networks, deriving conditions for self-sustained memory transitions.
3512h agoAbstraction in neural networks depends on both the depth of the network and the breadth of the training set.
3512h agoDynamic reorganization of neural connections allows for more robust and higher-capacity memory retrieval in a new type of neural network model called Dynamic Manifold Hopfield Networks.
3512h agoThe International Society for Tractography's inaugural conference in 2025 presented research on advancing neuroanatomy, tractography methods, and their applications, covering topics such as neurological disorders and brain development.
3512h agoAnticipated synchronisation can emerge in driven dynamical systems with distributed delay times, allowing for approximate synchronisation over a range of coupling strengths.
3512h agoA novel methodology using Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) predicts chaotic transitions in multi-body dynamical systems, enabling fast and reliable trajectory prediction and design.
3512h agoSuperdiffusion modifies the instability threshold and spatial scale of emerging patterns in a FitzHugh-Nagumo reaction-diffusion system, leading to new instability mechanisms that depart from the classical activator-inhibitor framework.
3512h agoA new local decoder for Kitaev's toric code enables exponential suppression of logical errors with system size, by interpreting odd parity stabilizer measurements as defects that attract each other through binary signals.
3512h agoTubular origami tessellations converge to an integrable map with a variational structure as the module number increases, allowing for the design of new foldable configurations and stable quasi-periodic attractors.
3512h agoA universal strategy uses local defects and boundary phonon excitations to control kink transition waves in multistable mechanical metamaterials, enabling their use as scalable mechanical memory.
3512h agoA new region of stable backreaction is identified in an inflationary model where an axion-like field is coupled to an Abelian gauge field, allowing for efficient reheating without rapid growth of perturbations.
3512h agoCollective chemotaxis can arrest or suppress motility-induced phase separation in active particles, or give rise to new dynamic patterns such as traveling waves and spirals.
3512h agoThe concept of k-contraction is extended to fractional dimensions, providing conditions for d-contractivity and tools for stability analysis and feedback design through Hausdorff-Riemann measures that decrease along trajectories.
3512h agoChaotic magnetization dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are induced by thermal fluctuations and can be controlled by DC current bias.
3512h agoPoisson algebras of certain gauge theories provide structures that reproduce the equations of motion of spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider models.
3512h agoDynFormer, a novel neural operator, efficiently solves complex physical systems modeled by partial differential equations by using specialized network modules for distinct physical scales.
3512h agoC.elegans locomotion is hyperchaotic and dissipative, with Lyapunov spectrum exponents of 0.860, 0.389, and -3.451.
3512h agoMultiple cyclic loops at each site alter patterns by forming different types of spiral waves and homogeneous phases, and the number of coexisting states can be controlled by changing the flip networks and energies.
3512h agoThe long-time asymptotics of small Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) solutions are derived using the inverse scattering theory and the stationary phase method.
3512h agoInteraction and rotation in a system of trapped bosons lead to the emergence of chaotic behavior, which depends on the interaction strength and shows up as distinct patterns in the spectral form factor and power spectrum.
3512h agoA zero-temperature fixed point controls a ferromagnet-to-paramagnet transition in the two-dimensional random bond Ising model at low temperatures.
3512h agoA new neural network method accurately simulates lattice systems with both spin and fermionic properties, capturing different phases, including a Luttinger liquid, LL* phase, and Luther-Emery phase.
3512h agoHyperuniformity in particle arrangements can be generalized to systems where particles carry weights, and this generalization reveals that hyperuniformity in particle position does not necessarily translate to hyperuniformity in weighted systems.
3512h agoA new framework uses physics-informed neural networks to identify effective Hamiltonians in solid-state quantum systems directly from experimental data, ensuring physically meaningful results.
3512h agoThis work develops a dynamical theory of sequential reasoning in Hopfield networks, deriving conditions for self-sustained memory transitions.
3512h agoA general principle for constructing non-Hermitian operators reveals that topological phases can feature real eigenvalues and zero-energy boundary modes, but these modes disappear when eigenvalues become complex.
3512h agoAbstraction in neural networks depends on both the depth of the network and the breadth of the training set.
3512h agoAn open quantum system can perform multiple vector-matrix multiplications with stochastic matrices in parallel, with the operation time independent of the input vector dimension.
3512h agoThe TANGO reward function enables the generation of small molecules with optimized properties and predicted synthesis routes using a small set of shared precursors.
3512h agoUnsupervised deep learning automatically extracts and quantifies tissue organizational patterns from brain sections, revealing anatomically meaningful tissue organization and detecting pathological changes.
3512h agoA Berry crystal exhibits Anderson localization and critical states across its energy spectrum, with an extended regime of critical states forming a "mobility crossover" between localized and extended phases.
3516h agoStuttering symptoms are linked to changes in brain activity in areas related to motivation, self-reference, and social interaction, with more severe symptoms associated with stronger engagement of motivational circuitry and greater recruitment of frontal evaluative-control regions.
3516h agoThe maturation of large-scale functional brain networks during preadolescence underpins critical cognitive and behavioral development, and a new study mapped the spatial and temporal organization of these networks in 11,000 children aged 9-10 years, revealing a low-dimensional harmonic scaffold that constrains brain dynamics during this developmental window.
3520h agoA new framework infers the causes of noise from binary feedback, allowing for the distinction between environmental change and outcome randomness, and provides insights into learning processes.
3520h agoThe vagal gut-brain-gut pathways control digestion through specific neural circuits that regulate gastric secretion, and different neuron subtypes separately manage secretory and motor programs.
3520h agoA protocol for preserving whole brains uses graded immersion cryoprotection and subzero temperature storage to maintain morphology and antigenicity for long-term research applications.
3520h agoAbnormalities in brain lateralization in children with autism progress from focal patterns in early childhood to widespread distributions by late childhood, and are linked to clinical symptoms, gene expression, and brain chemistry.
3520h agoThe brain constructs a coherent mental model of a scene by integrating dynamic agents with environmental anchors through a hierarchical process involving specific areas of the visual cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex.
3520h agoThe diversity of neuronal properties is tightly regulated to ensure energy-efficient signaling in different computational tasks and contexts.
3520h agoRecurrent neural networks have a mix of random and structured connectivity that shapes their dynamics and responses, and learning can control the balance between randomness and structure to produce task-relevant internal representations.
3520h agoA set of biophysical constraints can generate a brain connectome that closely matches the structural statistics of a real mouse brain microcircuit and supports computational intelligence.
3520h agoGait speed depends on the distance available for acceleration and deceleration, and most conventional gait tests underestimate steady speed by not giving people enough distance to reach their normal walking speed.
3520h agoOxytocin plays a necessary role in the acquisition and strategy formation of cooperation in rats, facilitating mutual rewards through social interaction.
3520h agoPartially suppressing microglial hexokinase-2 (HK2) reduces inflammation and improves motor coordination after traumatic brain injury without impairing other important immune functions.
3520h agoThe hippocampus processes and combines information from multiple senses, including auditory and visual, with different parts of the hippocampus showing distinct ways of handling this multisensory information.
3520h agoThe locus coeruleus plays a role in facilitating motor preparation and execution in response to sensory events, and most of its neurons increase activity when making a choice, not when processing sensory information.
3520h agoKir4.2 loss causes selective neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra, motor impairments, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive decline, and leads to neuroinflammation, synucleinopathy, and myelin plasticity changes.
3520h agoThe histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat restores autophagic function in Huntington disease models by increasing palmitoylation of the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62, enhancing cargo delivery and degradation.
3520h agoThe miR-379-410 cluster and its member miR-495-3p play a key role in regulating sociability and cognition, and inhibiting miR-495-3p can prevent social and memory impairments caused by the ASD risk gene Tsc1.
3520h agoHierarchical mouse behavior emerges from localized cortical dynamics, not from the brain's hierarchical organization, under natural and freely moving conditions.
3520h agoSleep helps transfer memories from one type to another, enabling people to use learned information for practical actions, through a process of rapid network reorganization during different stages of sleep.
3520h agoAPOE4 carriers have reduced VEGFR2 expression, corresponding to a 10-15% decrease in transcript levels, which may contribute to vascular dysfunction through targeted endothelial alterations.
3520h agoThe rate of CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene determines the age of onset and disease progression in Huntington's disease, and this expansion leads to production of a highly pathogenic protein called HTT1a, which accelerates neuronal dysfunction.
3520h agoInhibiting vmPFC-projecting BLA neurons promotes avoidance behaviors, and these neurons promote safety rather than aversive signals in unconditioned exploration-avoidance behavior.
3524h agoInsects' turning responses to rotating visual stimuli are determined by computation of optic flow prediction errors, not by detected visual-motion.
3524h agoClosed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation combined with real-time functional MRI enables adaptive optimization of noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate frontoparietal functional connectivity and enhance accuracy learning.
3524h agoPost-traumatic stress symptoms disrupt prefrontal circuits and strengthen connections between prefrontal regions and brainstem threat/pain circuits, leading to higher depression and pain catastrophizing in people with chronic pain.
3524h agoSleep homeostasis is a distributed process controlled by many genes, including those involved in immunity, neuropeptide signaling, glucose transport, and neuronal excitability, that change expression in response to sleep-wake history.
3524h agoGlia cells play a crucial role in nervous system development and maintenance, and their ceramide metabolism and transfer are essential for motor function, with disruptions linked to motor defects.
3524h agoThe brain uses low-dimensional visuomotor coordination strategies to generate complex behaviors like driving, and these strategies are flexibly reshaped by contextual demands.
3524h agoLarval zebrafish develop more persistent and self-reinforcing integration dynamics during early development, a process altered in fish with genetic mutations linked to human epilepsy and schizophrenia.
3524h agoBacterial pneumonia worsens the outcome of ischemic stroke by causing inflammation in the brain through extracellular histones.
3524h agoEngineers created ScaRCaMP, a new red genetically encoded calcium indicator, which works well with optogenetics and resists blue-light-induced artifacts.
3524h agoSubthreshold TMS over the motor cortex induces corticospinal beta oscillatory activity detectable in muscles, which shares neural generators with endogenous beta rhythms.
3524h agoTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves decision-making in healthy older adults by enhancing their ability to distinguish between good and bad options and reconfiguring networks in the brain.
3524h agoGlial cell inflammation in the brain drives ALS progression, and a specific protein called kayak plays a key role in regulating this inflammation.
3528h agoReaching for an object and tracking a moving target with the eyes can happen at the same time without interfering with each other, as shown by the ability to make rapid adjustments to the reach movement using peripheral vision, regardless of the gaze task.
3528h agoA new scoring system accurately predicts recovery outcomes in mice with spinal cord injuries, enabling individualized characterization of post-injury recovery and more effective evaluation of potential therapies.
3528h agoMutations in CHD8 lead to brain overgrowth and autism, causing an expansion of certain brain cells and abnormal cell placement in the brain's frontal cortex from embryonic development through to adulthood.
3528h agoThere is no evidence for presynaptic homeostatic plasticity at CA1 hippocampal synapses, as inhibiting AMPA responses does not trigger a homeostatic recovery of synaptic responses or an enhancement of NMDA responses.
3528h agoThe retina's rod photoreceptors drive aerobic glycolysis, producing lactate, while inner retinal neurons rely on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy.
3532h agoThe abundance of cellular prion protein is modulated by 531 genes, which were identified through a genome-wide CRISPR activation screen.
3532h agoThe STEER framework captures the rules of brain plasticity that govern circuit-level reorganization across hours to weeks, allowing for testable inference of plasticity rules and design of improved brain stimulation protocols.
3536h agoThe Bayesian brain hypothesis guides understanding of perceptual decision-making, but how uncertainty is encoded in sensory neural populations remains unclear, with two competing hypotheses proposing that early sensory populations encode either the likelihood function or the posterior distribution over the stimulus.
3536h agoLearning time in neural networks grows rapidly as the number of input dimensions increases, due to smaller learning gradients and larger learning times for higher dimensional data.
3536h agoHuman and machine vision systems make trade-offs between accuracy and robustness when facing new visual conditions, and a new framework reveals that humans exhibit smoother trade-offs while deep networks operate in steeper and more brittle regimes.
3536h agoNeuromodulation, a key component of biological learning, can enhance the robustness of artificial neural networks in continual learning by addressing catastrophic forgetting.
3536h agoA functionalist approach to emotion is explored through a theoretical reinforcement learning framework that aligns with emotional valence in biological systems and explains psychological phenomena such as humor, psychopathy, and advertising.
3536h agoA system with a limited number of independent synaptic bundles and motor neurons can successfully learn to control movements, but learning collapses when this number exceeds a critical limit.
3536h agoHippocampal sequences arise from intrinsic recurrent circuitry that acts as a temporal memory buffer, and this mechanism helps an agent navigate through sparse sensory input.
3536h agoPOYO-CAP, a new pretraining strategy, improves neural decoding by turning the heterogeneity of neural recordings into a learning advantage.
3536h agoOptimising representational similarity instead of neural activities leads to a family of convex optimisation problems that can be used to model neural coding.
3536h agoComputed perfusion maps from CT angiography can localise neural substrates of stroke symptoms and reveal new information about brain function in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
3536h agoThe choice of learning paradigm affects classification performance and computational cost in spiking neural networks, with gradient-based learning achieving highest accuracy but bio-inspired rules offering better accuracy-efficiency trade-offs.
3536h agoOptimizing intrinsic neuronal parameters improves the classification accuracy of spiking neural networks by up to 13.50 percentage points, and the proposed SNN-LZC classifier achieves up to 99.50% accuracy with sub-millisecond inference latency.
3536h agoThe global dimensionality of a neural representation manifold provides insight into the computational process of neural networks.
3536h agoFeedback-alignment-type learning works when neural activities and error signals overlap in time, and this overlap governs learning, allowing for robustness to moderate timing mismatch.
3536h agoBrain-IT, a brain-inspired approach, reconstructs images seen by people from their fMRI brain recordings with high faithfulness to the actual images by using a Brain Interaction Transformer that allows interactions between clusters of functionally-similar brain-voxels.
3536h agoBrain-Semantoks, a self-supervised framework, learns abstract representations of brain dynamics from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series, enabling strong performance on downstream tasks.
3536h agoBrain-OF, a new brain foundation model, jointly pretrained on fMRI, EEG, and MEG data, handles both unimodal and multimodal inputs and shows improved performance across diverse neuroscience tasks.
3536h agoPartial synchronization in complex systems leads to collective oscillations where multiple modes interact to produce complex rhythmic activity.
3536h agoIntegrable autonomous partial difference equations have special solutions that are described by non-autonomous ordinary difference equations.
3536h agoThe KP-mKP hierarchy has a class of differential Fay identities and a series of additional symmetries that can be represented as linear actions on its tau functions.
3536h agoA single phase shift determines the complexity of basin boundaries in coupled phase oscillators, causing them to become more fractal as the phase shift increases.
3536h agoThe M-Wright function in quantum many-body dynamics is exactly derived for the first time by analyzing the integrated spin current in a one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model.
3536h agoHostility among ants in a metapopulation prevents the tragedy of the commons by maintaining cooperation, and this mechanism applies to any group of cooperators and defectors with asymmetrical migration rates.
3536h agoThe semi-classical analysis of a quartic system with four degenerate minima reveals longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal instanton configurations that mediate tunneling between minima, leading to coherent Rabi-type oscillations and specific energy splittings.
3536h agoDeep-layered machines produce outputs that are exponentially biased towards simplicity as the network depth increases.
3536h agoA modified vortex spin-torque oscillator exhibits finite short-term memory capacity and information processing capacity at low current and field, using less power than conventional oscillators.
3536h agoActive matter systems can efficiently process information and perform well in reservoir computing, especially when driven by nonlinear forces and forming liquid droplets.
3536h agoSpace-time modulation in an electro-mechanical system creates a variety of breathers, including Floquet breathers, with different frequencies and symmetries, and their stability evolves with modulation frequency.
3536h agoA nonlinear Schrödinger equation with arbitrary potential and dispersion functions is solved, yielding many new exact solutions expressed in elementary or special functions, which can be used to verify numerical methods for solving complex nonlinear partial differential equations.
3536h agoThe eigenfunction-expansion-based perturbation theory correctly predicts the slow-time evolution of dark soliton parameters and the radiation shelf emerging on the soliton sides.
3536h agoThe classical integrable elliptic Toda chain can be adapted into an open chain with boundary terms using the factorized form of the Lax matrix and gauge equivalence with the XYZ chain.
3536h agoPairwise interactions can give rise to synergistic information in complex systems, and specific correlational structures, such as antibalanced motifs, are sufficient and necessary conditions for this to occur.
3536h agoA system with a limited number of independent synaptic bundles and motor neurons can successfully learn to control movements, but learning collapses when this number exceeds a critical limit.
3536h agoChaotic synchronization occurs in two coherently coupled dissipative time crystals, marked by a positive Lyapunov exponent and high correlation between the crystals.
3536h agoThe out-of-time-order correlator's long-time exponential decay in an isolated kicked Ising spin chain occurs at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
3536h agoChemically driven drops self-propel on a solid substrate due to a wettability contrast maintained by chemical reactions when externally imposed chemical potentials are distinct.
3536h agoThe chaotic quantum diffusion model enables efficient learning of quantum data distributions with less implementation overhead and comparable accuracy to existing models.
3536h agoA compact neural network learns the universal density functional of the one-dimensional Hubbard model by identifying the low-dimensional structure of the data and using lattice symmetries, achieving near-exact predictions and reconstructing external potentials.
3536h agoDeep-layered machines produce outputs that are exponentially biased towards simplicity as the network depth increases.
3536h agoA single on-site impurity in an extended lattice hosts a bound state that transitions from extended to localized as the impurity strength surpasses a critical value.
3536h agoDiscrete symmetries in the quantum kicked rotor cause a hierarchy of large dynamical timescales and lead to glassy dynamics, characterized by slow relaxation and asymmetric scattering peaks.
3536h agoGyromorphs can host higher-order topological insulating phases protected by average rotational symmetry, and new tools can diagnose these phases.
3536h agoA metal-insulating transition occurs in certain random potentials, where a mobility edge separates extended-like states from short-ranged localized states.
3536h agoRandom walkers on the microcanonical configuration space of mean-field disordered systems experience an ergodicity-breaking transition at a specific energy density, but persistent walks remain ergodic at lower energies.
3536h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model's four-local interaction can be replaced with a two-local interaction, preserving quantum chaos, and simpler models with this interaction can be simulated on qudit-based quantum devices.
3536h agoAn adaptive variation-resilient Random Number Generator (RNG) extracts unbiased encryption-grade random number streams from physically driven entropy sources, mitigating the impact of process and supply voltage variations.
3536h agoLarge neural networks and datasets can be compressed to much smaller sizes while keeping their performance and learning dynamics unchanged.
3536h agoThe out-of-time-order correlator's long-time exponential decay in an isolated kicked Ising spin chain occurs at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
3536h agoOperator delocalization in disordered one-dimensional spin chains shows sharply distinct behaviors in non-interacting and interacting regimes, with operator mass, length, and entanglement entropy rapidly saturating in the Anderson-localized case and growing logarithmically in the many-body localized regime.
3536h agoThe spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice has an intermediate phase between N\'eel antiferromagnetic and stripe ordered regimes with a structure factor that acts as the dominant order parameter.
3536h agoA dual-module neural network called CATS Net models how the human brain compresses experiences into abstract concepts and enables conceptual communication between artificial agents.
3536h agoComplex, two-way connections are a universal feature of brain wiring, and brain modules communicate through a small group of highly connected neurons to ensure stable information processing.
3536h agoA hierarchical coding framework allows the brain to encode a large number of semantic concepts using a limited number of neurons, solving the paradox of how the brain overcomes the capacity limits of traditional networks.
3540h agoThe core circadian genes BMAL1, PhCry2, PhPer, and PhClk are necessary for both circadian and circatidal behaviors in marine organisms.
3540h agoPerceiving deprivation-related stimuli activates brain regions and neurotransmitters involved in aversive affect and goal-directed behavior, linking physiological needs with social needs.
3540h agoSustainable decisions are limited by immediate unpleasantness and delayed benefits, but brain stimulation can increase sustainability by changing how people value outcomes.
3540h agoMuller glia regulate the specialisation of cone neurons by controlling local gradients of retinoic acid signalling, allowing neurons of the same type to perform distinct functions.
3540h agoA specific neural circuit converts touch information from the fly leg into targeted motor actions to guide grooming behavior.
3540h agoProlonged post-fixation in formalin affects the staining intensity of certain brain biomarkers, with some decreasing over time, and this must be considered when interpreting results from processed tissues.
3540h agoAmyloid beta plaque deposition and microglial changes occur in visual brain regions of Alzheimer's disease model mice, with image-forming vision pathways showing more severe pathology than non-image-forming regions.
3540h agoMONICA, a web application, automatically derives whole nerve boundaries, alongside axon and myelin masks, to enable calculation of optic nerve health metrics beyond axon counts.
3540h agoCorticospinal projections from the primary somatosensory cortex develop in three phases: initial arrival, grey matter ingrowth, and laminar refinement of terminal projections, forming a pathway that modulates sensory processing in the spinal dorsal horn.
3540h agoPerilesional excitability after a stroke predicts long-term motor recovery and is linked to GABA-A receptor density, with patients showing varying levels of increased or decreased excitability.
3544h agoStress experienced before an injury can change the way pain develops in osteoarthritis, promoting resilience to chronic pain in males but increasing pain sensitivity in females.
3544h agoTMS-induced discomfort has brain-wide neural signatures that engage multiple brain networks, accounting for a substantial portion of TMS-evoked responses, and should be measured and modeled to refine causal inference and therapeutic neuromodulation.
3544h agoA neural-to-phoneme decoder trained on data from multiple participants can match or outperform individual-specific systems and adapt to new subjects with minimal training.
3544h agoPost-traumatic epilepsy develops in 56% of pigs with brain injury, with seizures starting focally and becoming generalized, and featuring a range of peri-ictal behaviors.
3544h agoThe brain's large-scale communication dynamics change across sleep-wake cycles, with REM sleep associated with reduced network synchronization, coupling, and bistability, which may contribute to its lower epileptogenicity.
3544h agoMachine learning helps understand biological traits and human disease processes through imageomics, which was used to develop an automated pipeline called Crop-OCT that extracts features from thousands of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to monitor ocular changes associated with aging and disease progression.
3544h agoFingolimod induces TRKB activation and increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor production, which promotes neuronal plasticity and survival.
3544h agoNeurodegeneration in rodents impairs their ultrasonic vocalisations, which are valuable behavioural biomarkers for neurological dysfunction and may help identify biomarkers relevant to human speech deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.
3544h agoThe brain combines current sensory information with past experiences to make decisions, and this integration mainly happens in the frontal cortex, where current input is represented alongside prior sensory information.
3544h agoNeural tube defects disrupt the organization of the enteric nervous system, leading to abnormal gastrointestinal motility.
3544h agoTwo types of mantra-based meditation induce distinct neural states, with Hare Krishna meditation producing a more activating, attentionally focused state and Sa-Ta-Na-Ma meditation promoting a more relaxed state.
3544h agoMultiomics Spatial Image Analysis (MSIA) technologies image hundreds of RNAs and contextualize them with protein markers, and have identified potential new biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease that were confirmed in a mouse model.
3544h agoCerebellar granule neurons accumulate somatic mutations in patterns distinct from other brain cells, and this process resembles the mutation patterns found in dividing cells and some cancer cells.
3544h agoBero, a LU family protein, is expressed in diverse peptidergic neurons and various non-neuronal tissues, and may play a role in coordinating hormonal and neural regulation in D. melanogaster.
3544h agoInhibition ability varies across people, with extreme impairments in conditions like ADHD, and a new model characterizes this ability through noisy perceptual inference and optimal control, identifying distinct computational phenotypes associated with ADHD traits.
3544h agoCilia beating on neighboring cells enforces quiescence in neural stem cells through mechanical forces that trigger calcium transients.
3544h agoSynaptogyrin family proteins selectively associate with dopamine vesicles, and distinct trafficking mechanisms regulate dopamine vesicles, differing from those of other synaptic vesicles.
3544h agoHippocampal time cells play a key role in linking events in time by generating sequences that extend beyond the initial stimulus and can be maintained even when the timing or presence of subsequent events changes.
3548h agoProlonged exposure to loud and moderate noise levels impairs hearing, and even low-level sounds, such as those at typical conversational levels, can cause hearing impairment and alter auditory information processing in the brain if they persist over time.
3548h agoThe nucleus accumbens neurons show changing activity patterns as mice progress through phases of cocaine self-administration, with an initial increase and then decrease in neurons responding to cocaine lever-pressing.
3548h agoNeuronal cell body position plays a crucial role in circuit function, as clustering of specific neurons allows synchronous activity necessary to initiate certain movements.
3548h agoChronic blood-brain barrier dysfunction after a stroke may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia.
3548h agoToddlers as young as 19 months have brain areas that respond more to understandable language than to unintelligible sounds, with brain regions similar to those of adults.
3548h agoA specific group of neurons in the brainstem, called neurotensin-expressing neurons, encodes pain signals from the gut and plays a key role in driving persistent pain in inflammatory bowel disease.
3556h agoMetacognitive calibration varies with support structure preservation, and an auditor architecture that learns a regime-conditioned calibration mapping improves calibration and control behavior.
3560h agoBrain-OF, a new brain foundation model, jointly pretrained on fMRI, EEG, and MEG data, handles both single and multiple inputs and shows better performance across various neuroscience tasks.
3560h agoMammalian spatial navigation relies on neurons that encode position, but the principles of efficient place cell coding are clarified by novel measures that show neural populations collectively encode stimuli.
3560h agoBEAST, a novel framework, enables effective analysis of neuro-behavioral data from unlabeled video by pre-training vision transformers, improving performance in extracting behavioral features, pose estimation, and action segmentation.
3560h agoAverageness in facial proportions correlates with higher perceived attractiveness in male faces.
3560h agoA tensor-based method provides identifiability guarantees for learning mixtures of linear dynamical systems, which can model time-series data with diverse temporal dynamics, and is refined through expectation-maximization updates to produce reliable estimates of system parameters.
3560h agoDegree heterogeneity and coupling strength shape the mechanisms of noise-induced escape in networked systems of diffusively coupled bistable elements.
3560h agoSpontaneous stochasticity emerges as a universal fixed point of a renormalization-group transformation, independent of microscopic regularization, in hydrodynamic turbulence viewed as a multiscale dynamical system.
3560h agoChaotic switching in a network of three pendula occurs through three scenarios: riddling bifurcation, blowout bifurcation, and switchings between laminar saddle chimeras.
3560h agoIntegrability in semiclassical string solutions is rare, and a new Koopman-Krylov framework shows that integrability-breaking deformations induce redistributions of spectral weight, leading to delocalisation and spreading in Krylov space.
3560h agoInformation spreads on networks of Large Language Models based on offline events and the "personalities" assigned to the models, and can be described by a simple Susceptible-Infected type model with two transmission rates.
3560h agoSymmetry-breaking bifurcation of coupled topological edge states leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking in a nonlinear topological lattice.
3560h agoA coupled system model reveals that degeneracy in a plasma favors the stability of electromagnetic soliton evolution by reducing the modulational instability growth rate and the instability domain of modulation wave numbers.
3560h agoA new method uses parametric driving to generate nonreciprocal supercurrent flow in superconducting diodes, enabling non-dissipative circuit elements for superconducting electronics.
3560h agoThe quantum XXZ spin-1/2 chain has non-Gaussian spin current fluctuations in the easy-axis anisotropy regime, which follow a nested Gaussian distribution related to the spin diffusion constant and static spin susceptibility.
3560h agoThe KdV equation solver, sangkuriang, uses Python to accurately model nonlinear wave behavior in shallow ocean environments, preserving mass, momentum, and energy with relative errors below $O(10^{-4})$.
3560h agoA two-component reaction-diffusion system with spatially varying coefficients exhibits bi-stability with two stable stationary background states that can be connected by stationary and travelling front solutions.
3560h agoHigh-dimensional random dynamical systems exhibit chaotic, fixed point, and periodic attractors, and their maximal Lyapunov exponent can be computed explicitly in the chaotic phase due to underlying integrability.
3560h agoThe twisted bilayer Haldane model retains its topological properties at weak interlayer coupling but exhibits a closed energy gap and multiple localized states at strong interlayer coupling.
3560h agoSustained neuronal excitation induces a staged transcriptional response in human neuronal cells, characterized by distinct temporal modules of gene induction and suppression that evolve through sequential transcriptional states.
3564h agoConventional type 1 dendritic cells play a critical role in priming CD8+ T cells outside the brain, which then infiltrate the brain and promote tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
3572h agoThe circadian clock in Antarctic krill is made up of distinct clusters of neurons in the optic lobes and central brain that produce specific proteins, and these neurons work together with other cells to control daily rhythms.
3572h agoThe hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and thalamic nuclei work together in a circuit to process context-dependent memory, with each module playing a distinct role: the hippocampus encodes spatial information, the prefrontal cortex represents task structure, and the thalamic nuclei integrate and coordinate information to enhance learning and robustness.
3584h agoSuzetrigine, a non-opioid painkiller, works by blocking pain signals at the nerve roots, not in the spinal cord, and its effectiveness is unlikely to increase even if it can cross into the central nervous system.
3584h agoHopx downregulation in astrocytes leads to their dysfunction, which can be reversed by overexpressing Hopx, thereby enhancing their ability to clear beta-amyloid plaques and reducing neurotoxic astrocytes.
3584h agoInhibiting B7-H3 after acute ischemic stroke reduces brain damage and improves functional outcomes by reprogramming neuroinflammation towards anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
3584h agoNeuronal p38 drives rmTBI-associated neurological consequences in a sex-dependent manner, and its knockout protects against functional, immune, and cerebrovascular effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries.
3588h agoInsight experiences result from a combination of prediction accuracy and uncertainty, with more intense insights occurring when initial predictions are close to reality and made with high confidence, or when predictions are far from reality and made with low confidence.
3592h agoThe brain uses arousal responses to represent and respond to uncertainty when learning in dynamic environments, adjusting learning rates based on prior uncertainty and change point probability.
3596h agoCavefish have a larger olfactory bulb with more neurons and enhanced multisensory integration of olfactory and mechanosensory input compared to surface fish.
3596h agoThe nonparametric Bayesian Contextual Control model explains how humans learn and reuse stable task representations efficiently by integrating contextual learning with repetition-based automatisation and schema-like prior knowledge.
3596h agoThe linkage of a neutral auditory memory to an aversive event depends on behavioral conditions, including context exploration and memory testing, which control the expression of the memory.
3596h agoA new imaging and analysis pipeline enables researchers to obtain high-resolution brain circuit maps at a lower cost, allowing small research groups to study brain function in multiple species.
3604h agoGenes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, interact with mitochondrial proteins, and disruption of mitochondrial translation may contribute to the development of these disorders.
3608h agoRibosomes near synapses interact directly with AMPA receptor complex proteins to position themselves for local protein synthesis, which helps couple synaptic activity with structural remodeling.
3608h agoThe lateral hypothalamus promotes behavioral activation by sending signals to specific neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that normally inhibit behavioral activity.
3608h agoSuicide is associated with distinct but functionally convergent changes in gene expression across brain and blood that involve immune, inflammatory, and neuroimmune processes.
3608h agoVariations in DNA sequences where the transcription factor NKX2.1 binds can disrupt its function and cause disease, including choreoathetosis and congenital hypothyroidism.
3608h agoThe cortical hierarchy of neural activity decay is preserved in autism spectrum disorder, but individuals with autism show prolonged neural timescales in regions operating at slower timescales, which relates to variability in sensory experience.
3608h agoGenes with localized mRNAs that function in synapses show a greater genetic association with schizophrenia, and specific RNA-binding proteins, including RBFOX1/2/3, CELF4, HNRNPR, and nELAVL, regulate these mRNAs and converge on schizophrenia risk variants.
3608h agoValproic acid exposure during embryonic development leads to social deficits through altered interactions between oxytocin neurons and microglia in the brain.
3608h agoThe human brain directly perceives the number of objects in a scene within 50ms, and then later adjusts this perception based on spatial arrangement and context.
3612h agoDendritic integration of spatially organized inputs generates a range of neuronal response properties, including simple, complex, and end-stopped selectivity, in the primary visual cortex.
3612h agoPeople can incorporate spatial information into their visual working memory, as shown by faster response times and gaze biases towards anticipated locations, even when remembering a color.
3612h agoSynapse-seq links a neuron's gene profile to its location and connections in the brain, allowing for a better understanding of brain function and organization.
3612h agoSocial brain alterations in autism spectrum disorder follow a mix of categorical and dimensional architecture, with some brain regions showing deficits that correspond to diagnosis and symptom severity, and others showing deficits that relate only to symptom severity.
3612h agoPrior expectations change how people perceive emotional sounds by shifting their perceived aversiveness towards what they expect to happen.
3612h agoLocal motion alone is sufficient for perceiving human body movement, and areas in the brain that process body shape also encode motion cues.
3612h agoSemantic distance between concepts influences brain responses differently for pictures and words, with brain activity patterns showing larger responses to distant concepts for pictures but closer concepts for words.
3612h agoPrenatal androgenization increases calcium currents in GnRH neurons, disrupts their normal development, and alters potassium currents, leading to increased firing rate and contributing to neuroendocrine symptoms of PCOS.
3612h agoA reinforcement learning model that incorporates feedback from the environment accurately captures neural responses to complex visual stimuli, performing as well as supervised and unsupervised models.
3612h agoThe MSH3 protein's DNA binding pocket is crucial for the expansion of CAG repeats that drive Huntington's disease, and blocking this pocket can slow down the repeat expansion.
3612h agoIncreased olfactory nerve output to threat-predictive odors and novel odors that evoke fear suggests that the brain's processing of smells matches the perception of threat.
3612h agoUnderstanding the brain requires studying natural behavior in environments that match a species' ecology and allow them to perform evolved actions.
3624h agoLong-term synaptic depression leads to robust spine shrinkage that requires new protein synthesis, but when multiple spines are stimulated, they compete for structural changes and only one spine shrinks, a competition that is absent in Fragile X Syndrome neurons where protein levels are abnormally elevated.
3624h agoMore modular organization of functional brain networks before training predicts faster improvements in task-switching performance in children.
3624h agoBSTpr Cartpt+ neurons mediate pup-directed aggression in male mice and a neural circuit mechanism involving these neurons may underlie the transition from aggression to parental care.
3624h agoThe structure of events influences how people remember the timing and location of experiences, with more information within events leading to greater temporal compression.
3624h agoThe basal ganglia's input nucleus, the striatum, contains diverse neuron types, including medium spiny neurons and interneurons, with distinct morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic properties that vary spatially and functionally.
3624h agoNeuronal networks grown on multi-electrode arrays exhibit bursting behavior that originates at a few network locations and propagates as waves of activity.
3632h agoSPD Learn, a unified Python package, provides a modular way to integrate symmetric positive definite matrix-based neural networks into modern deep-learning workflows.
3632h agoNeurons can release both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and this "bilingual" ability can lead to different dynamics and information-processing patterns in neural circuits.
3632h agoHumans can rapidly learn and apply rules from sparse examples to solve abstract visual reasoning problems with high accuracy, but performance varies widely across problems and individuals.
3632h agoCombining multiple large language models into a greater whole can be done using blueprints from cognitive models and artificial intelligence algorithms.
3632h agoThe bottleneck in simulating large-scale spiking neuronal networks is the waiting time for the slowest compute node, not the communication speed between nodes.
3632h agoRepresentational drift affects the encoding of fast-varying local motion features 5-6 times more than slower-varying scenery features.
3632h agoA novel atlas-free brain network transformer approach produces more precise, robust, and generalizable brain network analyses than traditional atlas-based methods by using individualized brain parcellations derived from subject-specific fMRI data.
3632h agoA single population of spiking neurons can learn and maintain a complete prediction object, which includes what will happen, when it will happen, and how likely it is, through biologically plausible learning rules.
3632h agoAnimals combine a small set of basic motor patterns in flexible ways to meet different task demands, and a new framework called motif-based continuous dynamics discovery can capture this continuous process.
3632h agoThe dynamics of metal cutting exhibit rich nonlinear phenomena, including stick-slip and stochastic bifurcations, and controlling initial tool displacement and workpiece surface roughness can help prevent chatter.
3632h agoAdiabatic processes unify thermodynamics and dynamical systems, and researchers determine the extent to which reversible processes are possible in mixed phase spaces and explore how to fight dissipative losses using approximate counterdiabatic driving.
3632h agoVortex filaments can have several types of excitation, including Kelvin waves and solitons that propagate along the filament.
3632h agoNonlinear chiral steady states exist in coupled parametric oscillators with modulation phases that selectively amplify a circulating mode, retaining expected chirality and enabling robust nonreciprocal signal routing and amplification.
3632h agoGrazing bifurcations of stable periodic motions in vibro-impact mechanics produce complicated attractors, but codimension-two scenarios can prevent this by eliminating a square-root term in the Poincaré map.
3632h agoGenerative artificial intelligence helps discover new solutions to a complex physical model by generating synthetic trajectories that lead to 111 new periodic orbits in the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations.
3632h agoThe study identifies a new intermediate "mesoscopic" regime in the q-TASEP model, where Poisson noise remains important, and obtains the large deviations of a particle's position through two methods.
3632h agoThe mean-field approach allows obtaining statistical equilibrium relations that express how individual oscillators' time-averaged quantities depend on their internal parameters and interaction functions.
3632h agoDiscrete equations derived from the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation have rational solutions expressed in terms of generalised Laguerre and Umemura polynomials.
3632h agoThe study presents an explicit examination of $\hbar$-deformed meromorphic connections in $\mathfrak{gl}_3(\mathbb{C})$ and its spectral dual, and finds that their spectral duality extends to Hamiltonian evolutions, tau-functions, and matrix models.
3632h agoThe velocity of self-similar solutions to two-dimensional Riemann problems for the isentropic Euler system is not in $H^1$ in the subsonic domain, indicating a complicated structure with potentially discontinuous velocity.
3632h agoThe study finds that Ruelle-Pollicott resonances of qubit circuits reflect diffusive transport of magnetization through a Gaussian dependence on quasi-momentum, allowing extraction of the diffusion constant.
3632h agoLazy cellular automata have a dynamical behavior that completely depends on the choice of a unique active transition and a fixed symbol, and their order is bounded by the fibers of the active transition, with this bound being attained when the active transition is a quasi-constant pattern.
3632h agoMetric networks with specific structures have eigenvalue spectra with gaps whose widths increase when the distribution of edge lengths is narrow and as the number of triangular faces increases.
3632h agoTriangular-lattice-like arrangements of magnetic impurities on a square lattice lead to a larger average staggered magnetization than random and square-lattice-like arrangements.
3632h agoThe Ising spin-glass model with correlated disorder has physical quantities on the Nishimori line that can be expressed exactly in terms of those of the pure Ising model at an effective temperature.
3632h agoGeneralization in Neural Network Gaussian process regression dynamics follows universal behavior across network architectures, which can be explained by a unified framework that captures typical case learning dynamics using a dynamical mean-field theory.
3632h agoSubsystem operator Rényi entropy encodes spatial and temporal information to connect operator growth to transport in quantum systems, and captures both ballistic and sub-ballistic transport behaviors.
3632h agoQuantum Phase Estimation algorithm works best with specific input and tuning guidelines to compute the ground-state energy of a quantum magnet.
3632h agoAtomic-scale disorder can enhance superconducting properties under specific conditions by creating locally superconducting regions with a higher critical temperature.
3632h agoNeurons can release both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and this "bilingual" ability can lead to different dynamics and information-processing patterns in neural circuits.
3632h agoThe study identifies a new intermediate "mesoscopic" regime in the q-TASEP model, where Poisson noise remains important, and obtains the large deviations of a particle's position through two methods.
3632h agoSpin glass theory helps understand the structure of near-minima of random functions, which plays a key role in high-dimensional statistics, statistical learning, and optimization algorithms.
3632h agoSuperexponential spectral localization persists for any number of interacting quantum particles on a one-dimensional lattice under an external linear potential, regardless of interaction strength.
3632h agoThe study finds that the transition from classical particle trapping to quantum transport in random potentials is characterized by a smooth increase in localization length, connecting the algebraic divergence of cluster size to Anderson localization.
3632h agoSoftmax attention achieves optimal performance in a single-location regression task, outperforming linear attention, because it closely matches the ideal Bayes risk.
3632h agoLanguage models organize information into geometric structures based on the natural patterns and relationships in the data they are trained on.
3632h agoThe levels of certain fatty acid compounds increase to reduce pain through placebo effect, and this effect works differently depending on the levels of endogenous opioids.
3632h agoVesicular glutamate transporters use proton gradients to load glutamate into synaptic vesicles and also allow chloride ions to leave through a channel-like conductance.
3632h agoError modulation, which detects and corrects errors in real-time, improves the performance of brain-computer interfaces that control movement, such as computer cursor control, in individuals with motor or communication deficits.
3632h agoThe TREM2-R47H variant impairs microglial clearance of pathological proteins and affects broader cellular networks, leading to early signs of neurodegeneration.
3632h agoRepeated stress causes changes in the brain's nucleus accumbens, but these changes are due to learning to associate specific cues with threats, not just a general response to stress.
3632h agoMental fatigue alters higher-order cognitive functions, but prior moderate aerobic exercise modulates its neurophysiological markers, preserves inhibitory control, and influences its impact on creative flexibility.
3632h agoLoss of BRG1 function impairs inhibitory signaling, leading to increased seizure susceptibility by reducing GABAergic system activity, which can be alleviated by increasing GABA levels or treating with active vitamin B6.
3632h agoScientists use a new metric, called Fused Gromov-Wasserstein (FGW), to find new photovoltaic materials by measuring similarities in composition and structure between crystalline materials.
3636h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: Combining pose estimation, automated clasping detection, and geometric analysis, researchers can extract detailed movement features from mice that reveal biologically meaningful motor microphenotypes not detectable by traditional categorical scoring.
3636h agoThe nervous system suppresses tactile sensations on the arm during movement because it makes optimal use of uncertain predictions and sensory input to estimate the body's state.
3636h agoIncluding ICA decomposition, artifact rejection, and cyclic permutations in a multivariate temporal-response function analysis improves the isolation of neural responses specific to phonetic and acoustic input variables.
3636h agoBrain microstructure shapes alpha power in brain activity, with regional variations in microstructure correlating positively and individual variations correlating negatively with alpha power.
3636h agoA pro-regenerative neutrophil subpopulation promotes spinal cord regeneration in larval zebrafish by controlling il1b expression in macrophages/microglia through il4.
3636h agoThe brain's wiring shows a directional axis from sensory to association cortices, indicating information flows from basic sensory inputs to higher-level processing.
3636h agoTheta-otDCS improves associative memory recognition, and individual cognitive abilities like processing speed, mnemonic binding, and figural reasoning influence the effects of tES on memory.
3636h agoLesion network mapping provides evidence for meaningful differences in brain lesions and their symptoms, confirming the technique's specificity and validity.
3636h agoThe plasma proteome distinguishes people with epilepsy who report central nervous system side effects from antiseizure medications from those who do not, with immune, autoimmune, and vascular-inflammation pathways linked to vulnerability to these side effects.
3636h agoThe Zebrafish Pneumatic Injury Device (ZePID) delivers controlled and repeatable pressure pulses to induce traumatic brain injury in larval zebrafish with 97% accuracy in applied force.
3636h agoThe article highlights some favorite cover suggestions from 2025.
3644h agoLarge-scale cooperation has complex interaction patterns that produce nonlinear outcomes, which are critical to understanding real-world collective challenges.
3644h agoAge, sex, and species influence the expression of matrix metalloproteinase genes in the brain after a stroke, with different patterns of increase and decrease seen across rats and mice, and between males and females of different ages.
3644h agoMutations in the CYLD gene, specifically the M719V variant, cause frontotemporal dementia-like behavioral impairments and neurophysiological changes in mice by increasing CYLD activity.
3644h agoToddlers as young as 2 years old show different brain activity patterns when looking at text compared to non-text symbols, with more activity in areas associated with language processing.
3644h agoNanoencapsulating PUFAs improves their bioavailability and enhances their effects on brain health, particularly neuronal survival and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, when given to mice over 8 weeks.
3644h agoSyndecan, a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan, regulates glial cell function and development in the Drosophila nervous system by controlling glial cell morphology, maintaining neuroblast populations, and mediating interactions between glia and the extracellular environment.
3644h agoSympathetic nervous system signals, measured through cardiac contractility, link with brain activity, emotional experience, and behavior, and predict how people respond to threats.
3644h agoElevated levels of cyclic GMP AMP synthase (cGAS) contribute to TDP43 pathology and RNA splicing defects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and inhibiting cGAS can reverse these abnormalities and slow neurodegeneration.
3648h agoNeuronal Top2a is required for social behavior in mice, and inhibiting PRC2 with tazemetostat can rescue social deficits caused by Top2a deficiency.
3648h agoAlpha traveling waves reflect general cognitive strategies rather than specific predictive processes.
3648h agoTNAP enzyme activity promotes neuroblastoma cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and neurite sprouting by regulating cell metabolism, including decreasing proteinogenic amino acids and altering organosulfur compounds.
3648h agoExpectations modulate sensory processing differently depending on stimulus complexity, enhancing processing of unexpected stimuli during lateral and feedback processes but not feedforward processes, and this effect is confined to attended features.
3648h agoMammals' motor cortex uses two types of cells, M2 interneurons and pyramidal cells, to process spatial information, with each type having distinct characteristics in representing place, head direction, and grid fields.
3648h agoParkinson's disease models, including G51D α-synuclein knock-in mice, show that loss of primary cilia in certain brain cells correlates with α-synuclein accumulation, potentially contributing to motor impairment and olfactory dysfunction.
3648h agoTheta oscillations in the right hemisphere of the brain play a critical role in encoding and recalling spatial information during navigation.
3648h agoAlzheimer's disease causes volume changes in 231 brain regions in mice, and these changes are linked to differences in behavior.
3652h agoPersonalized brain-decoding models can track spontaneous pain in individuals with chronic pain using intensive longitudinal fMRI data.
3652h agoA new model called NOBEL unifies different types of brain signals, such as electromagnetic and metabolic signals, to provide a more complete understanding of brain activity.
3656h agoSynaptic imprecision affects information transmission in the brain differently under various decoding schemes, with signal-to-noise ratio either remaining insensitive, scaling linearly or sublinearly with population size, or saturating, depending on the decoding scheme and level of coarse-tuning.
3656h agoBayesian confidence estimates are driven more by evidence that supports a decision than by evidence that does not, even when the evidence space is complex and has many alternatives.
3656h agoThe human subject is missing in current representations of Superintelligence misalignment, which lays the groundwork for anti-social harm and requires re-centering to understand emergent misalignment as a relational instability between humans and machines.
3656h agoBrainScaleS-2 system accurately emulates a single synapse following a calcium-based plasticity rule, by mapping calcium dynamics to analog circuits and solving plasticity rule equations on embedded digital processors.
3656h agoA general framework for constructing birational involutions on two- and three-dimensional varieties is found, leading to new cases including involutions along conics, nodal cubic curves, quadratic cones, and Cayley nodal cubic surfaces.
3656h agoCoupling and superposing chaotic dynamics of critical and tricritical intermittencies produces time sequences that mimic biological-type spike trains, similar to those found in the fluctuations of a biological neuron's membrane potential.
3656h agoThe geometric boundaries of protein secondary structures, such as helices and coils, exhibit a sharp, step-like transition with a median width of 0.145 residues.
3656h agoDense suspensions of self-propelled bacteria exhibit spontaneous flow generation, vortex formation, and chaotic dynamics, similar to classical turbulence, due to nonequilibrium mechanisms.
3656h agoThe approach constructs three-dimensional lattice models using line defects in state integral models on shaped triangulations of 3-manifolds, implying integrability through a variant of the tetrahedron equation.
3656h agoThe chaotic quantum diffusion model enables efficient learning of quantum data distributions with less implementation overhead and comparable accuracy to existing models.
3656h agoThe behavioral strategy of individual female camelids shapes population-level properties, including group size and fitness distribution, and is modulated by factors such as population density, sex ratio, and system heterogeneity.
3656h agoThe integrability of Hamiltonian systems in 2D spaces with variable curvature depends on arithmetic restrictions on parameter values.
3656h agoThe behaviour of solutions to the Korteweg--de Vries equation in the complex plane is determined by complex-plane singularities, which emerge from double-pole singularities of the initial condition and propagate at speeds of $\mathcal{O}(t^{-2/3})$.
3656h agoA novel integrability condition for the Riccati equation is obtained, which provides a general analytical solution with free parameters and useful mathematical criteria for analyzing nonlinear phenomena.
3656h agoThe developed approach describes the statistical behavior of finite-size fluctuations in the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model, obtaining explicit expressions for the covariance function and variance of the complex order parameter.
3656h agoSpace-time modulation in an electro-mechanical system with coupled cantilevers generates three types of breather responses, including period doubling, period-halving, and commensurate frequencies, and creates a variety of stable breathers.
3656h agoNon-stabilizerness in quantum circuits thermalizes to its average value when non-Clifford gates are interspersed with random Clifford operations.
3656h agoThe measurement-and-feedback control of quantum chaotic dynamics has universal features that are set by uncertainty-limited quantum fluctuations.
3656h agoA Lagrangian formulation of Hitchin's self-duality equations is constructed from a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory, linking the equations to a family of symplectic structures and a twistor parameter on the Hitchin moduli space.
3656h agoThe Dirac spectrum in a sine-Gordon soliton background reduces to a Heun-type differential equation, enabling a systematic analysis of spinor bound and scattering states.
3656h agoGlass stability affects high-frequency vibrational modes, but not low-frequency ones, and reduces two-level states, according to a study on ultra-stable and conventional glasses.
3656h agoThermal activation causes correlated rearrangements in amorphous solids, leading to a transition from intermittent avalanche dynamics to thermally assisted flow at a critical temperature that depends on system size.
3656h agoTeleporting logical states of a topological surface code is achieved on a superconducting quantum processor with 125 qubits, with code distances up to 7.
3656h agoThe spin-$1/2$ $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice has an intermediate phase between N\'eel antiferromagnetic and stripe ordered regimes that may be a plaquette valence bond, nematic, or quantum spin liquid ground state.
3656h agoA hardware-friendly protocol simulates non-Hermitian dynamics on near-term quantum devices without continuous monitoring by using classical Gaussian white-noise averaging and stochastic quantum error mitigation.
3656h agoThe Fused Gromov-Wasserstein metric effectively identifies similar crystalline materials by balancing structural and compositional similarity, and it discovers seven new high-efficiency photovoltaic materials.
3656h agoThe study presents a quantitative theoretical description of matter-wave dynamics in a disordered quantum system, explaining the three-dimensional Anderson transition observed in a recent experiment.
3656h agoThe two-dimensional model of random networks of metallic nanowires or carbon nanotubes overestimates the number of contacts between elements, leading to overestimates of electrical conductivity, whereas a three-dimensional model shows a more accurate linear dependence on conductor density.
3656h agoThe Prometheus framework detects critical temperatures and extracts critical exponents with high accuracy in 3D classical and quantum many-body systems, and identifies different types of critical behavior using unsupervised learning.
3656h agoNon-stabilizerness in quantum circuits thermalizes to its average value when non-Clifford gates are interspersed with random Clifford operations.
3656h agoHyperbolic GRU neural quantum state ansatz performs comparably to or better than Euclidean RNNs in approximating ground state energy for quantum many-body systems.
3656h agoThe measurement-and-feedback control of quantum chaotic dynamics has universal features that are set by uncertainty-limited quantum fluctuations.
3656h agoThe interaction between gut and brain cells can promote brain cell maturation and trigger neurodegenerative disease manifestations, and a new in vitro system enables systematic investigation of this gut-brain interaction in Alzheimer's disease.
3656h agoAPOLLO, an autoencoder-based framework, integrates diverse data modalities while preserving shared and modality-specific information, enabling prediction of missing data and identification of each modality's influence on a phenotype.
3660h agoPraying to a transcendent God and an immanent God activates different brain areas, with practitioners of immanent God perception showing thalamus deactivation, indicating a reduction in external stimuli perception, and Christians showing thalamus activation, suggesting a dialogue with an external entity.
3664h agoCombining a specific type of local anesthetic with a pain-activating compound provides prolonged pain relief without motor impairment or nerve damage.
3668h agoKetamine's effects on brain dynamics depend on its dose, with low doses impairing excito-inhibitory neurotransmission and higher doses also affecting excito-excitatory connections.
3668h agoIncreased myelination in the cerebellum is associated with faster learning rates, while increased myelination and iron in the precentral gyrus relates to noisier learning, reflecting individual differences in reward learning.
3668h agoTopographic organization, where neighboring neurons respond to similar stimulus parameters, emerges spontaneously in artificial neural networks and plays an important role in model performance.
3668h agoA Bayesian extension of the generalized synthetic control method, called GSC FPCA, estimates the causal effect of adolescent binge drinking on brain volumes by treating individual outcome paths as smooth latent trajectories and accommodating irregularly spaced measurements.
3668h agoThe default mode network's subnetworks become more distinct and separate from each other and other networks as people age from 5 to 21, and this process is linked to better memory.
3668h agoPhysical exercise changes brain activity and rewires its networks differently in male and female mice by altering the expression of the protein DeltaFOSB.
3668h agoViral encephalitis changes the way immune cells respond to amyloid-beta plaques in the brain, making them less able to clear the plaques.
3668h agoThe inception loop framework maps neuronal invariances in mouse V1, revealing a bipartite receptive-field organization linked to segmentation and a synaptic-level hierarchy of increasing invariance.
3676h agoSkilled performance is supported by the early formation of a compact repertoire of expert multi-digit synergies that emerge preferentially across rest periods and predict subsequent skill gains.
3676h agoThe brain's multiple-demand system, which helps with cognitive control, shows similar patterns of activity in humans and macaques when performing tasks that require decision-making and problem-solving.
3676h agoPrioritization in working memory shields the prioritized item from bias, and this effect is associated with a 15 Hz neural oscillation that transforms the unprioritized item.
3676h agoSCN2A gene variants associated with autism spectrum disorder cause a loss of function in NaV1.2 channels, and interfere with normal channel function in a dominant negative way.
3676h agoSYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency accelerates the maturation of GABAergic neurons, leading to changes in dendritic length, synaptic density, and synaptic structures.
3676h agoVisuosemantic representations in the fusiform gyrus support true recognition of fonts, but false recognition of fonts similar to previously seen word-fonts occurs through a different pathway.
3676h agoA new framework classifies individualized brain networks without needing to align nodes, and it improves diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia over existing models.
3680h agoThe development of the theory of coupled oscillators and synchronization over the past half century is reviewed, focusing on three key works: deriving the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, creating a solvable model of synchronization phase transition, and discovering chimera states.
3680h agoThe exponential divergence between nearby trajectories in chaotic orbits happens in a sharp and abrupt multiplicative process at turning points, not in a continuous manner.
3680h agoThe variable-length double pendulum system exhibits intricate dynamics, including high-order resonances, chaos, and bifurcations, which are comprehensively analyzed using a novel tool called Lyapunov refined maps.
3680h agoThe largest Lyapunov exponent in classical many-body systems with local interactions is bounded by constraints that arise from instantaneous stability constraints on the Hamiltonian flow, limiting chaotic growth.
3680h agoAuxiliary field techniques generate infinite families of models in electrodynamics and sigma models while preserving key properties, and their relations are governed by Legendre transformations and field redefinitions.
3680h agoTipping points occur when a small change in a system's parameters leads to a large change in its properties, and this change can be abrupt and irreversible.
3680h agoA three-layer Body-Reservoir Governance architecture enables cooperation in repeated games by reducing strategy complexity cost through embodied dynamics, allowing for a minimum-dissipation response that outperforms traditional game theory strategies.
3680h agoThe half-wave maps equation has a unique and continuous flow map for data in the critical energy space, with solutions showing almost periodicity in time and quasi-periodicity for rational initial data.
3680h agoEmpathy in artificial agents leads to robust cooperation in multi-agent situations, and cooperation emerges when empathy is reciprocated, not through explicit communication or reward.
3680h agoMagnetic hopfions in chiral magnets are localized in three dimensions and a simple analytical model determines their spatial profile and region of equilibrium on a helimagnet's phase diagram.
3680h agoDynamically switching existing network links among system elements induces inter-layer synchronization in a double-layer network of FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators with sparse inter-layer connectivity.
3680h agoThe superintegrability property of the Volterra model applies to the case of infinitely many competing species.
3680h agoOptical thermodynamics describes a Rayleigh-Jeans modal power distribution in multimoded nonlinear photonic circuits, and a new theory extends this to systems with strong nonlinear mode-mode interactions.
3680h agoStochastic resetting of dynamical systems to their initial conditions reduces chaos by decreasing the Lyapunov exponent and butterfly velocity, and can induce a phase transition that arrests the spread of information.
3680h agoAdding stochastic resetting to chaotic many-body systems causes a sharp dynamical phase transition where the Lyapunov exponents abruptly collapse to zero above a critical resetting rate.
3680h agoA stochastic version of the one-dimensional discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation shows a phase transition at a finite temperature, with dynamics that depend on noise strength.
3680h agoShannon transfer entropy helps identify causally coherent motions in turbulent flows by detecting sources and targets in dynamical systems using time series.
3680h agoA simple model recalls two different patterns at different temperatures by embedding them into fully connected and sparse graphs.
3680h agoSpectral decimation provides a quantitative probe of emergent symmetries in statistically mixed spectra by linking spectral statistics to Hilbert-space structure.
3680h agoActivity modifies force distributions in dense assemblies of active particles, leading to deformation, plasticity, and yielding, and follows a scaling law where the critical active forcing magnitude for the jammed phase to yield scales with virial pressure.
3680h agoStrong disorder causes semiconducting-like behavior in the electrical resistivity of Remeika-phase cage compounds R$_3$Co$_4$Ge$_{13}$ (R = Y, Lu) due to its unique crystal structure and low carrier-density.
3680h agoA three-dimensional medium with average isotropy and inversion symmetry can have systematically broken time-reversal symmetry, yielding a statistical topological insulator with protected topological phase and gapless surface spectrum.
3680h agoPretraining on a source task improves generalization on a target task in infinitely wide neural networks when the pretraining data regime, task alignment, and feature learning strength are favorable.
3680h agoBrain microglia respond quickly and effectively to demyelination, supporting remyelination, while spinal cord microglia respond slowly and in a dysfunctional way, which may hinder myelin repair.
3680h agoIncreasing the expression of a normal gene called CRX helps to prevent the degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina and improves their function in mouse models of inherited retinal disease.
3680h agoA dataset of 33 upper-limb gestures supports the use of Virtual Reality-based Action Observation Treatment (VR-AOT) to help patients recover motor function.
3680h agoA specific group of neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex helps regulate precise movements by integrating sensory feedback during phases requiring fine motor refinement.
3684h agoSystemic metabolic dysfunction drives sleep disruption in TDP-43 proteinopathy, and correcting this metabolic defect can rescue sleep.
3684h agoThe Modular Bionic Interface (MBI) system enables high-bandwidth, bidirectional communication with the nervous system through a fully implantable device and a worn unit, allowing for recording and stimulation capabilities.
3684h agoStatins increase production of the protein STMN2, which helps nerve cells grow and repair, by activating a specific genetic pathway that involves the ATF3 protein.
3684h agoA new genetic toolset allows selective labeling and manipulation of major neuronal populations in the mammalian basal ganglia, enabling cross-species targeting between mice and macaques.
3684h agoThe Hspa8G470R modifier suppresses spinal muscular atrophy in model mice by increasing SMN protein, reducing motor neuron degeneration, and improving neuromuscular function, and also stimulates neuromuscular transmission.
3684h agoElectrical stimulation, but not ultrasound stimulation, speeds up memory recall by making it more efficient, although neither method improves the accuracy of recalling relationships between unrelated elements.
3684h agoLive actions engage perceptual systems more strongly than video-based actions, imposing a greater cognitive cost and eliciting different neural responses.
3684h agoHuman tau and amyloid-beta pathology change the way tau spreads through brain circuits, leading to an Alzheimer's-like pattern of tau accumulation and impaired brain function.
3684h agoPigs with a maternal UBE3A deletion exhibit elevated delta power on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during wakefulness and sleep, similar to humans with Angelman syndrome.
3684h agoThe imbalance of gut microbiota and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut exacerbate corticospinal tract injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by damaging the gut barrier and promoting inflammation in the brain.
3684h agoInterleukin-1beta causes loss of appetite through two distinct phases: an initial rapid inhibition of appetite neurons by prostaglandin signaling through non-vagal sensory nerves, and a later phase that depends on vagal sensory nerves.
3684h agoFitting generative whole-brain models to neuroimaging data improves the accuracy of brain-symptom associations by mitigating the effects of activity mixing, yielding personalized parameters that capture individual brain network dynamics and provide more accurate mechanistic biomarkers for brain disorders.
3684h agoScientists have developed a new method called NARCH that allows for reversible and precise inhibition of specific receptors in certain brain cells, enabling the study of neural circuits and behavior.
3684h agoGFAP filaments are built from helical polymers assembled from coiled-coil tetramers that form a complex tube, with low-complexity head domains and tail domains contributing to its unique structure.
3684h agoIndividuals with 16p11.2 copy number variations have altered levels of certain proteins in their blood cells, which correlate with the severity of their autistic symptoms.
3696h agoPredictive signals from the orbitofrontal cortex suppress the auditory cortex via inhibitory circuits, helping to explain how people get used to sounds.
3700h agoThe psychological pressure caused by pursuing a streak goal leads to an inverted-U pattern in performance, where performance improves then declines under high pressure.
3700h agoMotor learning changes activity in multiple brain areas and reorganizes large-scale cortical network interactions.
3700h agoThe frontopolar cortex integrates auditory information into behaviorally relevant signals, forming abstract representations of learned and novel sounds that help with decision-making.
3700h agoIncreased survival of premyelinating oligodendrocytes drives the regeneration of oligodendrocytes after demyelinating injury and modulates the rate of oligodendrocyte production with age.
3700h agoDiffuse predictions alter the neural representations in working memory by changing their geometric layout and stabilizing the neural code during encoding.
3700h agoThe brain predicts physical outcomes by using a geometric propagation process that preserves sensory topology, allowing it to simulate and learn about the world in a spatially structured way.
3704h agoWhite matter tracks in the brain facilitate large-scale neural synchronisation by dynamically coupling remote grey matter areas, and their functional organisation declines with age, affecting cognitive performance.
3704h agoModularity is a fundamental organizing principle of the motor system, enabling the brain to decompose complex movement tasks into simpler subproblems solved by specialized modules.
3704h agoA new training framework helps EEG-based neural decoding models generalize across different acquisition sites by mitigating site-dependent biases.
3704h agoMimicking how the brain learns through pruning allows solving machine learning problems with much fewer computational resources and no labels, while improving model accuracy.
3704h agoThe study decodes self-paced locomotion speed accurately and continuously using non-invasive EEG recordings from rats, achieving a correlation of 0.88 between decoded and actual speed.
3704h agoModularity supports efficient learning and strong generalization abilities in both human and artificial intelligence.
3704h agoBiological intelligence emerges as a macroscopic order parameter sustained by continuous metabolic flux, and is maintained near a critical regime by continuous metabolic regulation.
3704h agoA functionalist approach to emotion is explored through a mathematical reinforcement learning framework that aligns with emotional valence in biological systems and explains psychological phenomena such as humor, psychopathy, and advertising.
3704h agoA new approach trains recurrent neural networks to reproduce human and animal behaviour in cognitive tasks, automatically discovering viable neural mechanisms without needing human intervention.
3704h agoKINESIS, a model-free motion imitation framework, learns to generate human-like movement by imitating 1.8 hours of locomotion data and deploying on various tasks, producing muscle activity patterns that match human EMG activity.
3704h agoA hyperbolic system of hydrodynamic type with n symmetries can be expressed in a coordinate system where its generator and all symmetries are diagonal.
3704h agoA network model combining preferential and uniform attachment with two edge deletion mechanisms results in three possible asymptotic degree distributions: power-law, exponential, and a critical regime with stretched exponential decay.
3704h agoA new analytical framework uses mathematical tools to model human-induced forces with hybrid oscillators, providing an iterative algorithm for nonlinear effects and conditions for converging different approaches.
3704h agoInteractions between subsystems can lead to safe overshoots of tipping points, where a system temporarily exceeds a critical threshold without causing abrupt change.
3704h agoThe templex provides a topological description of chaotic attractors, bridging homologies and templates, and offers a functorial formulation that establishes a rigorous foundation for a theory of chaos topology and a topological criterion for finite-time chaos.
3704h agoLarge-scale machine learning models can adapt to new physical settings without retraining, using a process called in-context learning, where they forecast different dynamical systems by identifying key patterns and invariant sets.
3704h agoVortex necklace-shaped solitons with large winding numbers are stable in a setup with Kerr nonlinearity and a Bessel-lattice potential, and can take on various forms including single- and multi-ring patterns.
3704h agoSharp corners on obstacles control the critical flow velocity for vortex nucleation in two-dimensional superflows.
3704h agoAdding opinion latency to the Sznajd model results in one dominant opinion for low latency, but allows for stable coexistence of two opinions for high latency, with more than two opinions never coexisting stably.
3704h agoTwo-parameter families of matrix product operators that commute with the Heisenberg spin chain Hamiltonian are discovered for the XXX, XXZ, and XYZ cases.
3704h agoFlame regimes in mesoscale combustors exhibit unique dynamic characteristics, and analysis of these characteristics using Recurrence Quantification Analysis and machine learning can classify and identify distinct flame regimes.
3704h agoA data-driven stochastic closure model restores the correct timing and magnitude of variance growth across scales in turbulent dynamics.
3704h agoA new method characterizes the distribution of length-scales in finite, disordered patterns with radial symmetry, allowing it to distinguish between regular patterns, diffusion-limited aggregation patterns, and patterns formed by drying colloid-laden droplets.
3704h agoThe solution to the focusing coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation has a long-time asymptotic expansion that is a multi-soliton with parameters modulated by soliton interactions, with a residual error of order $\mathcal{O}\left(t^{-3 / 4+1/(2p)}\right)$.
3704h agoFinite-dimensional systems describing invariant solutions of partial differential equations inherit local Hamiltonian operators through invariant reduction, which endows the reduced systems with Poisson bivectors that relate constants of motion to symmetries.
3704h agoNon-reciprocal adaptive couplings in Kuramoto models induce metastability of anti-phase synchronized clusters of oscillators, a characteristic typical of brain dynamics.
3704h agoThe sangkuriang library solves the Korteweg-de Vries equation, which describes nonlinear wave physics and soliton behavior, using Fourier pseudo-spectral spatial discretization and adaptive time integration.
3704h agoThe elliptic Toda chain and elliptic Ruijsenaars-Toda chain are particular cases of the elliptic Ruijsenaars chain.
3704h agoThe classical integrable elliptic Toda chain is adapted to create an open elliptic Toda chain with boundary terms using the factorized form of the Lax matrix and gauge equivalence with the XYZ chain.
3704h agoA new method that incorporates physical equations into a neural network framework accurately models turbulence, but has limitations in maintaining scale invariance near the cutoff.
3704h agoSynchronization of two remote agents' clocks is possible through exposure to common environmental noise, even when the noise is strong, allowing them to estimate each other's phase effectively.
3704h agoThe representation of protein backbone geometry through a mathematical equation provides a connection between biological structure and integrable systems, allowing for the identification of structural cores and feasible inverse backbone design within specific geometric boundaries.
3704h agoThe performance of quantum annealing for optimization problems is limited by the minimum energy gap, which scales unfavorably with system size for 2D spin glasses but follows a relatively slow power law for dense connectivity models.
3704h agoLithium and sodium lose crystalline order when cooled, and their close-packed structures show similar conductance, but conductance becomes sensitive to layer arrangement when next-nearest-neighbour layer hopping occurs.
3704h agoManipulating overdamped dynamics through local update rules enables control over rate-dependent elastic responses, material properties, and relaxation processes in many-particle systems.
3704h agoA physics-integrated analysis pipeline estimates internal electrochemical states in lithium-ion battery composite electrodes using X-ray absorption data, revealing distinct reaction propagation behaviors governed by electrolyte concentration-dependent conductivity.
3704h agoFluctuations in the measurement rate disrupt the volume-law phase and cause an entanglement phase transition with ultrafast dynamics at a critical measurement rate.
3704h agoCritical states in disordered quantum systems have a matching spatial structure in both position and momentum spaces, which distinguishes them from extended or localized states.
3704h agoThe momentum distribution of a state's translation operator directly encodes the nature of its entanglement in one-dimensional systems.
3704h agoCorrelations across layers in multilayer networks amplify their geometry, leading to abnormally high mutual clustering, where triangles among the same nodes persist across layers.
3704h agoInfants have faster recovery from cortical adaptation than children and adults, and the brain's ability to adapt and connect different regions changes from infancy to adulthood.
3704h agoVGluT3 modulates the structural organization and behavioral output of DRN 5-HT neurons, affecting motor coordination, anxiety-like behavior, repetitive behavior, and social behavior.
3704h agoThe p75 neurotrophin receptor contributes to Alzheimer's disease tauopathy by enhancing the activity of the RhoA-ROCK pathway, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.
3704h agoA 78-kb insertion between the genes HAPSTR2 and SOX3 leads to Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type CMTX3 by causing spatiotemporal dysregulation of SOX3 expression.
3704h agoActivating nicotinic receptors on thalamic axons in the primary visual cortex with nicotine causes widespread and varied changes in neural gain across different layers of the cortex.
3704h agoA single virtual salsa class improves mood, stress, and social connection, with changes in negative affect influenced by the neuroticism personality trait.
3708h agoNeuromodulation and activity constrain the ionic conductances that generate rhythmic activity in neurons, with neuromodulators having similar effects on different cells and activity having cell-type-specific effects.
3708h agoVoluntary exercise increases inputs to hippocampal dentate granule cells from the lateral entorhinal cortex, but not the medial entorhinal cortex, due to upstream drive from the lateral entorhinal cortex.
3708h agoMitochondrial complex I disruption affects sleep differently depending on its severity, with partial inhibition leading to sleep loss and severe loss causing locomotor deficits.
3708h agoMultivariate extensions of functional connectivity estimators outperform bivariate estimators in detecting brain differences between MCI subjects and healthy controls.
3708h agoGenerative AI has potential to address socio-economic challenges, but obstacles exist for creating locally adapted AI tools for fair development in low- and middle-income countries.
3712h agoAn unsupervised method restores high-quality Raman hyperspectral images from low-light measurements, enabling faster and lower-power imaging.
3712h agoComputation can occur in ultra-sparse neural networks with simple unidirectional ring-like connectivity, producing rich feature sets while requiring fewer network parameters.
3712h agoPhysical and observational practice lead to comparable behavioral outcomes under strong disruption, but rely on partially distinct neural strategies.
3712h agoMild traumatic brain injuries cause impaired spatial memory in mice, and male mice are more affected than female mice, with differences also seen in interval timing and object recognition.
3712h agoReln gene haploinsufficiency alters opioid-evoked neuronal activation and behavioral adaptation to changing reinforcement conditions, but does not modify baseline opioid reinforcement or relapse-like behavior.
3712h agoThe cerebral cortex's spontaneous activity and responses to complex stimuli are constrained to a low-dimensional space, which captures both resting and task-related neural responses.
3712h agoPrnd helps promote recovery after a stroke by aiding in vascular remodeling and functional recovery, and its overexpression in endothelial cells enhances angiogenesis and neuronal survival.
3712h agoThe visual cortex represents discrete numbers from continuous input through normalized local contrast.
3712h agoNeural oscillations are linked to neuronal activity through dynamically recurring multi-frequency patterns, called spectral motifs, rather than through power in individual frequency bands.
3712h agoVagus nerve stimulation reduces seizure susceptibility by changing the gut microbiome and butyrate levels through vagus nerve-dependent signaling.
3712h agoTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) improves the efficiency of semantic retrieval in healthy adults.
3712h agoDistraction reduces taste intensity and pleasantness by redistributing processing resources to visual and attentional systems, rather than suppressing activity in the gustatory cortex.
3716h agoApplying quality control to mouse brain connectivity experiments identified inaccurate data, resulting in revised connectomes that show strong losses and gains in connectivity between brain regions, and subtle changes in overall brain organization.
3716h agoGlial defects lead to inefficient clearance of dying cells, which alters immune dynamics at the brain's periphery and changes the way immune cells interact with the brain during aging.
3716h agoSubspaces from deep-learning models reveal functional properties of neuronal subtypes and describe a framework for efficient coding of natural sounds.
3724h agoThe human brain shows robust scaling behaviors of collective dynamics across different scales, with similar patterns to those found in populations of spiking neurons.
3728h agoNoisy recurrent neural networks generate replay activity by following time-varying gradients and can be improved by using hidden state leakage, adaptation, and momentum to speed up replay while maintaining exploration.
3728h agoCriticality provides a unifying framework for linking structure, dynamics, and function in deep neural networks, and networks poised at criticality show improved robustness, accuracy, and resilience.
3728h agoA new method accurately decodes brain states from fMRI scans, achieving accuracy rates of 97.07-99.74% across seven different brain activity tasks.
3728h agoHuman social perception depends on simple 3D pose information.
3728h agoA simple oval-like billiard exhibits a dynamical phase transition from integrability to non-integrability as its boundary shape becomes more irregular, following a universal scaling law.
3728h agoA transition from integrable to non-integrable dynamics occurs in an oval billiard as a deformation parameter changes the boundary shape from circular to oval.
3728h agoThe nonlinear dynamics of a magnetic pendulum show bistable and tristable potentials depending on the currents in two coils, leading to complex behaviors like amplitude jumps, hysteresis, and multistability.
3728h agoDeforming Hamiltonian differential equations while retaining integrability is achieved by Poisson commuting a subalgebra of integrals with a set of functions.
3728h agoAdaptive coupling in networks of interacting neurons leads to transitions through various synchronization regimes, including traveling waves, synchronized states, and chimera states, as the network adapts through Hebbian learning.
3728h agoA Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical cavity exhibits localization of matter waves without two-body interactions, and shows bistability and pseudodegeneracy in certain parameter regimes.
3728h agoScaling invariance provides a unifying language for understanding structure, transport, and criticality in nonlinear systems, bridging deterministic dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical physics.
3728h agoPeriodic integrable Markov models, constructed from set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, are equivalent to twisted Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process (SSEP) models, and their long-time dynamics have distinct stationary states that can transition with changes in the twist.
3728h agoA data-driven method accurately estimates missing power load values in large-scale power grids using a linear regression algorithm and statistical correlations within synthetic training datasets.
3728h agoQuantum localization encodes the hierarchical stickiness that governs transport in mixed classical phase spaces, and the participation ratio of coherent states resolves the same layered structure that appears classically.
3728h agoA class of nonlinear evolution equations is constructed using invariants of a projective transformation group, and some symmetry-integrable equations are identified within this class.
3728h agoA dynamic environmental feedback mechanism drives a coevolutionary model of cooperative behavior toward a range of steady-state structures, including full cooperation, full defection, and stable coexistence.
3728h agoA data-driven method constructs the pseudo-resolvent from time-series data to analyse the Koopman operator, suppressing spectral pollution and accurately resolving eigenvalues and spectral components.
3728h agoDisordered materials with nonlinear response mechanisms can be used as solid-state atomic-scale reservoirs for energy-efficient machine learning tasks.
3728h agoThe order parameter in spin glasses synchronizes when two systems with independent disorders are coupled, with the effect depending on the strength of the coupling between the systems.
3728h agoClassical algorithms outperform graph neural networks in solving hard optimization problems.
3728h agoThe analysis of high-dimensional Gaussian single-index models shows that the landscape of empirical risk minimization can be simplified to explicit variational problems, providing detailed predictions for properties of critical points.
3728h agoThe human brain shows robust scaling behaviors of collective dynamics across different scales, with similar patterns to those found in populations of spiking neurons.
3728h agoThe time-dependent diffusion spreadability can determine the microstructure of two-phase heterogeneous media across length scales by extracting the infinite-wavelength scaling exponent from long-time spreadability data.
3728h agoThe study calculates critical exponents of the zero-temperature spin glass transition in a field on a one-dimensional long-range model, providing benchmarks for numerical simulations.
3728h agoThe analysis of the 3D ±J XY spin-glass model yields highly precise critical temperatures and exponents that support the spin chirality decoupling picture.
3728h agoCeramide accumulation disrupts retinal pigment epithelium function, leading to photoreceptor dysfunction and vision loss in Stargardt disease, by affecting cell communication and integrity.
3732h agoThe actin/spectrin membrane-associated periodic skeleton in peripheral nerves is composed of discrete nanoscale clusters of βII-spectrin, which are organized in a non-random pattern along the axonal perimeter.
3740h agoRARB gene variants cause a disorder characterized by multiple birth defects, developmental delay, and dystonia by compromising striatal integrity and function, likely through a dominant-negative mechanism.
3744h agoDifferent psychiatric disorders have distinct patterns of altered information integration between brain regions, with schizophrenia and autism showing reduced synergy, ADHD showing increased synergy, and autism also showing reduced redundancy.
3748h agoScientists have developed a new type of neural progenitor cell that can trace its own connections in the brain, allowing researchers to see how it integrates with existing brain circuits.
3748h agoThe RVLM region of the brainstem controls cerebral blood flow by activating a pathway that leads to the dilation of blood vessels and increased blood flow to the cortex.
3752h agoADHD is associated with reduced cellularity in white matter tracts in the brain, particularly in late childhood, and with some changes persisting into early adolescence.
3752h agoA neural circuit in male Drosophila regulates the decision to flee during fighting, implementing a probabilistic strategy predicted by evolutionary game theory to balance the benefits and costs of social conflict.
3756h agoMutations in NRXN1 affect its function, with bi-allelic mutations causing more severe impacts on molecular, synaptic, and functional phenotypes than mono-allelic mutations.
3768h agoThe hippocampus processes region-specific information from different sensory inputs through a timing-based code, rather than through separate and distinct neural circuits.
3776h agoAdolescence brain development is driven by 36 enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks that are active mainly in oligodendrocytes and change dynamically from childhood to adolescence.
3776h agoPrior spatial knowledge interacts with the automatic extraction of navigational affordances, and this influence is stronger in older adults, causing them to take longer to process complex scenes.
3776h agoMethylglyoxal does not cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo and does not affect its barrier properties.
3780h agoA generative framework models human brain functional connectivity features, retaining key network metrics and differences associated with demographic and cognitive variables, and identifies discriminative connectivity features linked to these variables.
3780h agoExtended task episodes trigger a distinct program of neural activity across the entire cortex at their beginnings and completions, which is separate from other factors involved in task execution.
3780h agoAlpha-band oscillations affect visual perception by suppressing sensory evidence and baseline sensory noise, with power and phase having different effects on visual sensitivity.
3780h agoNeurons target specific parts of other neurons, and a new computational pipeline can efficiently classify and map these targets, revealing patterns in how neurons connect.
3784h agoBasal forebrain cholinergic and midbrain dopaminergic systems work together to encode prediction errors, with coordinated interactions between them controlling associative learning functions.
3784h agoThe parafascicular nucleus plays a key role in controlling both physical movements and automatic bodily functions, and its stimulation can also induce aversive emotional responses.
3784h agoThe type of explicit strategy used does not change the implicit recalibration process during visuomotor adaptation.
3784h agoBrain-like structural constraints in artificial neural networks give rise to functional organization similar to that found in the human cortex.
3784h agoA dual-color miniature endoscope enables simultaneous calcium imaging from two neuronal populations, revealing that direct and indirect pathway neurons exhibit complementary dynamics that govern movement velocity in freely moving mice.
3784h agoKAT7 epigenetic regulator activates mitochondrial immune response in microglia, leading to chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
3784h agoExperience ordering can produce durable behavioral divergence in artificial agents when learning is consolidated into internal parameters, but not when it relies on external memory.
3788h agoA new imaging platform called TR-LSCI allows for high-speed, wide-field imaging of cerebral blood flow dynamics, enabling the detection of spatially heterogeneous and pulsatile blood flow changes in response to changes in intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure.
3788h agoBrain tumours cause changes in neural networks, triggering compensatory mechanisms that help preserve cognitive function, and surgical strategies that preserve these changes can promote sustained cognitive function.
3788h agoMutations in FUS cause ALS by accumulating FUS-positive aggregates at synaptic terminals, reducing microtubule stability, but inducing autophagy can reduce aggregates and restore synaptic structure and function.
3788h agoReducing cognitive demand makes decisions faster, but does not improve choice performance when people are faced with a large number of options.
3788h agoTau pathology spreads from entorhinal cortex to hippocampal CA1 neurons in a similar way in males and females, but females show broader cognitive impairment and distinct neuroimmune responses that contribute to their increased vulnerability.
3788h agoThe brain's visual processing dynamically shifts to prioritize information relevant to a task, reconfiguring object category representations to optimize performance in different naturalistic tasks.
3788h agoBrain signals of people listening to stories show similar patterns, which are mainly driven by basic acoustic features rather than linguistic meaning.
3788h agoIncreased heterogeneity, synapse-like noise, and a depolarized chloride reversal potential make gamma oscillations more realistic by disrupting overly-synchronous network activity.
3788h agoInclusion body myositis is characterized by impairments in mitochondrial coupling efficiency, decreased mitochondrial content, and impaired mitophagy, which correlate with disease severity.
3788h agoMature olfactory sensory neurons express only one of the 1100 functional mouse odorant receptor genes through a mechanism that requires a specific transcriptional machinery found in the OSN lineage.
3792h agoThe activity of a specific GABAergic circuit reflects the value of a reward and influences decision-making based on that value.
3792h agoThe glymphatic system, which clears cerebral waste products, has a specific organization across the brain, with AQP4 expression peaking in subcortical, ventral, and periventricular territories, and this organization relates to vascular physiology, edema, and neurodegenerative vulnerability.
3792h agoSemantic representations in working memory remain more accessible than perceptual details when attention is limited.
3792h agoThe body temperature of animals follows a daily rhythm, peaking in the evening, and separate clock circuits regulate the morning and evening body temperature rises.
3792h agoEmotional events are remembered more accurately in time, and this effect is linked to activity in the amygdala and its connections to other brain regions, particularly through two distinct pathways: one with the MTL that sharpens memory and another with FPL that blurs it.
3792h agoA new form of synaptic plasticity provides a basis for understanding how brains learn and remember.
3796h agoThe brain encodes semantic relations between concepts independently of the specific concepts themselves, and represents relations and concepts in the same set of cortical regions.
3796h agoA stable network in the brain, including areas ATL, STS, and TPJ, supports complex semantic processing, and the anterior temporal lobe plays a domain-general role in semantic processing.
3796h agoThe brain areas involved in taxonomic and thematic relationships between concepts are not strictly specialized as previously thought, and their activity changes with task demands and age.
3796h agoDifferent treatments can be tailored for Alzheimer's disease based on distinct genetic backgrounds.
3796h agoAutonomic nervous system regulation differs between typically developing individuals and those with autism spectrum disorder, with typically developing individuals showing varied sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and autism spectrum disorder individuals showing convergence of relative sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
3796h agoPTBP1 regulates human neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by controlling gene expression and can be transferred between cells through tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles.
3796h agoThe brain combines multiple stimulus features into coherent representations through factorized representations, where distinct features are encoded independently, and only superposition and binding with slot-filler structure produce this geometry with favorable scaling.
3796h agoA new framework classifies individualized brain networks without needing to align nodes, and it improves diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia over existing models.
3800h agoIlliterate individuals, those aged 90 years or older, and people with low weight, low handgrip strength, and self-reported health issues have higher chances of developing dementia.
3800h agoThe Linton Stereo Illusion shows that people perceive stereo depth based on retinal disparities rather than 3D geometry.
3800h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by using samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
3800h agoCellular automata constructed from Yang-Baxter maps over finite fields exhibit a consistent alignment between their temporal period and the field order, and bijectivity is required for this periodic behavior.
3800h agoStationary states of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a quasiperiodic lattice have a one-to-one correspondence with bi-infinite sequences over a finite alphabet when certain conditions are met.
3800h agoSolitary waves in a fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation destabilize when the fractional exponent is less than 1, and pairs of such waves can exist and even stabilize for certain conditions when the exponent is greater than 2.
3800h agoCombining multiple lobe dynamics with a graph-based framework allows for systematic design of low-energy transfers between orbits around celestial bodies.
3800h agoThe phase reduction theory can model the dynamics of coupled chaotic oscillators, and data-driven analysis of their coupling functions retains clear dynamical meaning even without limit cycles.
3800h agoDissipation can be used as a resource to reshape the dynamics of interacting quantum systems, enabling distinct behaviors such as synchronized oscillations, transient chaos with long-time coherence recovery, and steady-state chaos.
3800h agoA new algorithm accurately predicts steady states in nonlinear mechanical systems under irregular forcing, outperforming existing techniques in speed and accuracy.
3800h agoGraph-based models can fully represent higher-order interactions and do not need to be limited to pairwise interactions, contrary to common claims.
3800h agoA new framework called DA-HASC detects abrupt changes in complex systems by analyzing limited and noisy data to track changes in the system's underlying structure.
3800h agoA framework is proposed to systematically calculate reduced forms of geometric structures for a system of partial differential equations that has a local symmetry.
3800h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by using samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
3800h agoThe multiple commutation relations of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N)$ have coefficients given in terms of trigonometric weight functions for the vector representation.
3800h agoThe Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) proposal describes the planar spectrum of a holographic CFT dual to strings on AdS$_3\times$ S$^3\times$ S$^3\times$ S$^1$ and leads to Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz (ABA) equations that constrain the worldsheet S-matrix.
3800h agoA continuous family of virial identities is derived for O(n) symmetric configurations, providing a systematic decomposition of the global constraint into radially-resolved components.
3800h agoThe study of a nonlinear lattice model reveals both ergodic and nonergodic regimes, with ergodic behavior occurring in broad parameter ranges outside the standard Gibbsian regime, and a breakdown of conventional thermalization in certain parameter ranges.
3800h agoThe complex eigenvalue distribution of deformed random matrices of the form A + B has a simple boundary equation in the large-N limit that depends on the R1 and R2 transforms of B.
3800h agoTuning boundary hopping amplitudes precisely controls the non-Hermitian skin effect, which is the localization of eigenmodes at the lattice edges.
3800h agoGraph-based models can fully represent higher-order interactions and do not need to be limited to pairwise interactions, contrary to common claims.
3800h agoCorrelated disorder in 2D arrays of emitters enables precise engineering of light scattering, producing strong observable colors through three distinct scattering components: diffraction orders, diffuse background, and correlation halos.
3800h agoFinite-range disorder modifies charge and heat currents in monolayer graphene, especially at low energies, and affects electrical and electronic thermal conductivities.
3800h agoA machine-learning framework accurately identifies the most stable nanoparticle configurations by decomposing nanoparticles into surface, intermediate, and core environments and using a few hundred reference calculations.
3800h agoTopological orders in 2+1 dimensions are phases of spontaneous symmetry-breaking of 1-form symmetries in pure states, and can also be intrinsically mixed states with different strong and weak symmetry-breaking patterns.
3800h agoDisordered mixtures of two ferromagnetic materials exhibit stronger transverse electron deflection than either material alone, offering a universal strategy to engineer large transverse responses in structurally robust platforms.
3800h agoA single-particle mobility edge induces a smooth crossover in dynamical signatures, characterized by a persistent volume-law scaling of entanglement entropy and a mixed information profile.
3800h agoA new preparation method allows for repeated neural recording in adult Drosophila over multiple days without using saline.
3800h agoDopamine ramps are reward prediction errors generated by a dual-process learning system that combines cached and inferred values.
3800h agoApoE-expressing microglia in the median eminence regulate lipid handling and interferon signaling to control metabolic homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to metabolic problems caused by a Western diet.
3800h agoThe TMS Reporting Assessment Tool (TMS-RAT) provides a comprehensive framework for reporting transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, enabling clear and consistent documentation.
3800h agoThe maturation of brain cells is driven by large-scale reconfiguration of DNA markers, with up to half of all CG dinucleotides converting from one marker to another throughout the first decade of life.
3800h agoA new goat model of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) mimics human injury, reproducing optic canal fractures and vision loss through a transnasal endoscopic impact system.
3800h agoTemperature affects mouse taste preferences, with cool temperatures increasing and warm temperatures decreasing bitter taste perception, and TRPM8 thermosensory influences interacting with sugar taste preferences.
3800h agoAdults with dyslexia have less accurate neural tracking of the delta and theta bands of speech, and reduced synchrony between brain waves and speech.
3800h agoAlzheimer's disease shows a clear information-processing signature: reduced global synergy and increased redundancy, especially in the executive control network.
3800h agoNeither conventional nor high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation enhances motor sequence learning in older adults.
3800h agoEidetic imagery shares neural substrates with perception in the high-level visual cortex, specifically in right BA19, where brain activity patterns can classify imagined objects like real ones.
3800h agoReward shapes learned transition structure by selectively enhancing learning of transitions that precede desirable outcomes, which supports flexible, goal-directed behavior.
3800h agoOmni-iEEG, a large-scale pre-surgical intracranial EEG resource, provides 302 patients' data, including 178 hours of high-resolution recordings, harmonized clinical metadata, and expert-validated annotations, to support reproducible and clinically translatable epilepsy research.
3804h agoThe susceptibility to the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion increases from the central to the peripheral visual field, following a Gaussian distribution, but the spatial congruence of audiovisual stimuli does not affect this illusion.
3808h agoThe hippocampus encodes task-related information more strongly than spatial information during active behavior, dominating over and disrupting the usual place coding.
3816h agoA dynamic routing-guided framework models and interprets salt-solvent chemistry, handling long-tailed data and capturing a full spectrum of formulations to shape a conductivity atlas for non-aqueous electrolytes.
3820h agoThe CATS Net framework models how abstract concepts emerge from sensory experience, aligning with human brain activity and enabling knowledge transfer between humans and AI.
3820h agoA compound called BN3 accelerates recovery from general anesthesia by activating a specific brain circuit that promotes a rapid shift to a wake-like state.
3820h agoThe comprehensive sampling of macaque and human brains with diffusion MRI reveals white matter connectional architecture and cortical and subcortical cytoarchitectonic boundaries in unprecedented detail.
3820h agoSliding-window prediction correlation (SWpC) estimates time-varying directed functional connectivity in brain networks, providing two descriptors of directed interactions: strength and duration.
3824h agoIndependently trained AI systems represent the world in a similar way, sharing an underlying geometry, with evidence from internal structure comparisons and cross-modal embedding alignment.
3824h agoOmni-iEEG, a large-scale pre-surgical iEEG resource, provides 302 patients' data, including 178 hours of high-resolution recordings, to help improve epilepsy research and treatment.
3824h agoDifferent tokenization strategies for neural data have comparable performance in large neuroimaging models, suggesting that simple fixed strategies can be used.
3824h agoSpike-based alignment learning (SAL) helps fix asymmetry issues in neural networks by using spike timing to correct connections, allowing for local computation and improving performance in spiking neural networks.
3824h agoThe Generative Episodic-Semantic Integration System (GENESIS) model explains how semantic and episodic memory interact to support learning, recall, and imagination through the interaction of two limited-capacity generative systems.
3824h agoMotor units associated with agonist and antagonist tasks remain functionally coupled after targeted muscle reinnervation, with over 40% of motor units active during both tasks.
3824h agoThe Lie theory helps reconstruct integrable systems of ordinary differential equations in three-dimensional Euclidean space, including the Darboux-Brioschi-Halphen system and systems related to solvable three-dimensional real Lie algebras.
3824h agoSpeech embeddings from clinical interviews show different stability patterns in psychotic patients and healthy controls, with psychotic speech often displaying more complex dynamics.
3824h agoThe Lorenz equations model the chaotic behavior of thermal boundary layers and core circulation, exhibiting non-Gaussian, multifractal behavior in long-time numerical simulations that mirrors laboratory measurements of mean wind reversals in Rayleigh-Bénard convection.
3824h agoThe representation of protein backbone geometry through a mathematical equation provides a connection between biological structure and integrable systems, and helical peptides can be effectively modeled as piecewise integrable systems within specific geometric boundaries.
3824h agoThe mean-field approach allows obtaining statistical equilibrium relations that express the dependence of time-averaged observable quantities of individual oscillators on their internal parameters and interaction functions.
3824h agoThe two-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation has three conserved quantities - mass, momentum, and energy - and a vector-valued quantity, most of which are well preserved in numerical simulations, except for the x-component which drifts due to boundary-flux contribution.
3824h agoThreshold sensing enables Physarum polycephalum to find optimal paths to connect food sources and solve mazes through a self-organised process.
3824h agoTapered ends in data-driven algorithms can make ergodic averages converge much faster and deliver better results with little extra cost.
3824h agoPLANCK, a physics-inspired deep reinforcement learning framework, efficiently solves large-scale p-spin models and outperforms state-of-the-art methods across various structural topologies and combinatorial optimization tasks.
3824h agoLong-range Heisenberg models show long-lived superdiffusive spin transport, consistent with Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling functions, even though they are non-integrable and expected to diffuse.
3824h agoA data-driven platform using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) infers material parameters, pressure, and stress fields in granular flows by solving a nonlocal granular fluidity model, enabling accurate recovery of variations in the nonlocal amplitude.
3824h agoMelting of crystalline solids occurs when dislocation loops proliferate, with a universal ratio existing between the energy of a minimal dislocation loop and thermal energy at melting.
3824h agoThe Krylov subspace expansion method reveals that local integrals of motion in the Anderson model of localization exhibit power-law decay in the localized phase and are completely delocalized in the metallic phase.
3824h agoEpistasis in protein fitness landscapes leads to complex interactions that often result in multiple fitness peaks and functional bottlenecks, which can only be crossed via limited mutational paths.
3824h agoDiffusion codes, constructed by acting on a graph with a random SWAP network, can achieve a tradeoff between randomness and locality, allowing for optimal code parameters and self-correcting quantum LDPC codes with single-shot decoding.
3824h agoA method for analyzing quantum error-correcting codes by mapping them onto classical statistical mechanics models is extended to stabilizer circuits, allowing for the analysis, simulation, and comparison of decoding properties of any stabilizer circuit.
3824h agoLocalized low modes appear at a temperature between 155 and 158 MeV in QCD near the crossover temperature.
3824h agoThe entropy rate of printed English is about one bit per character, implying nearly 80 percent redundancy, and a new statistical model captures this redundancy by breaking down text into semantically coherent chunks.
3824h agoAdult-born neurons add to the growth of the dentate gyrus, but their numbers are offset by the loss of neurons born during development, resulting in a net growth that is lower than expected.
3824h agoElevated neuronal activity in epilepsy leads to specific changes in gene expression in certain brain cells, including glutamatergic neurons and immune cells, which may contribute to the development of the disorder.
3824h agoCROCOpy is a lightweight toolbox that assesses neuronal oscillations, functional connectivity, and critical dynamics in electrophysiological recordings.
3824h agoThalamic atrophy, independent of lesions, affects information processing speed in people with multiple sclerosis, with different parts of the thalamus contributing to this impairment.
3828h agoThe Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model exhibits random switches between two chimera states, where one population of phase oscillators is synchronised and the other is not, due to the finite size of the network.
3828h agoTensor factorizations based on sparse measurements can be used to infer the components of high-rank tensors, especially when a substantial amount of data is missing.
3828h agoAnatolution, an open-source platform, enables multiple annotators to label cellular structures in microscopy images, producing consensus-validated training data for supervised learning of cell-level morphometry.
3828h agoSpin-lock fMRI did not detect neuronal magnetic fields in the human visual cortex at 3T, with field amplitudes estimated to be below the detection limits of current methods.
3832h agoA specific pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the oral pontine reticular nucleus drives backward locomotion in mammals through a network of inhibitory connections.
3832h agoTranscranial magnetic stimulation can be timed to interictal epileptiform discharges and increases the amplitude of TMS-evoked potentials in a site-specific way when stimulation is delivered during these pathological brain events.
3832h agoSeizures impair REM sleep in epilepsy by activating and damaging cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a brainstem structure critical for REM entry.
3832h agoNeurons have different energy needs that are met by matching energy-metabolic pathways to their functions, with glycolytic programs in specific neurons shaping their biophysical properties and functional identity.
3832h agoSocial connectedness helps health and longevity, and adult pair bonds provide psychological benefits through interactions between oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and opioids. Wait, you want a summary of the experiment. Here is a one sentence summary: The presence of a partner mitigates stress effects on the brain, including changes in kappa opioid receptor availability and oxytocin levels, in pair-bonded coppery titi monkeys.
3832h agoThe cerebellum directly controls social vocalizations in adult mice through a pathway to the midbrain, and stimulating this pathway can restore vocal function in mice with cerebellar dysfunction.
3832h agoEvent2Flow, a compact framework, accurately maps blood flow over large areas with minimal data, enabling noninvasive imaging of mouse ear vasculature and rapid 3D velocity quantification in brain imaging.
3832h agoAdult survivors of pediatric cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia, show differences in brain chemistry that are linked to problems with memory, attention, and processing speed.
3832h agoReliable selective auditory attention decoding can be achieved with a fully wireless, around-ear EEG sensor network, reaching an accuracy of 77.17% in identifying the attended speaker in a multi-speaker environment.
3832h agoDopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area play a crucial role in sustaining copulatory actions, and their activity remains stable across sexual interactions, representing all copulatory events, including thrusting and ejaculation.
3832h agoSchwann cells near the injury site guide axons to regrow after nerve damage, and at least one of these cells is needed for successful regrowth to occur.
3832h agoThe glial canal system, which removes waste from neurons, fails in neurodegeneration due to abnormal swelling of glial cells, and this system is conserved across species, including mammals.
3832h agoPsychedelic states and sedative states show opposite patterns of brain network integration and segregation, with psychedelics having increased integration and reduced segregation, and sedatives having the opposite configuration.
3832h agoVisual hallucinations induced by stroboscopic light stimulation typically consist of vivid colours and dynamic geometric patterns, and analysis of 10,598 drawings reveals recurrent visual motifs including geometric forms, novel formations such as concentric squares and crosses, and other geometries.
3832h agoThe occipitotemporal cortex processes visually-perceived objects based on multiple properties, not just a few key dimensions like animacy and real-world size, allowing for flexible read-out of a wide range of object properties.
3832h agoPreparing for expected movements speeds up the initiation and reprogramming of actions, but does not affect the speed of stopping or changing those actions.
3832h agoLearning optimizes decision-making by adjusting evidence accumulation and decision phases within the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit to improve speed and accuracy of reward-directed choices.
3832h agoStroke survivors show increased cortical involvement in postural control, as measured by sway-based corticokinematic coherence, which may compensate for decreased function after a stroke.
3832h agoThe molecular organization of synapses in the brain follows a specific logic, where the spacing of molecular assemblies determines the nanoscale architecture that shapes the overall synapse structure.
3832h agoP. gingivalis bacteria can enter the brain through a disrupted blood-brain barrier, triggering disease-related changes that accelerate Alzheimer's disease progression.
3832h agoIndependent component analysis provides a robust framework for estimating resting-state functional connectivity from functional near-infrared spectroscopy data, outperforming seed-based methods in accuracy and consistency across oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin signals.
3832h agoLevodopa protects and sustains retinal neurovascular function in early diabetic retinopathy and this protection is linked to gene expression programs that support synapse activity and structural integrity.
3832h agoSexual motivation consists of two distinct components: sexual incentive motivation and the drive to sustain copulation, which can be measured separately using the Sexual Incentive Motivation test and the Motivation to Continue Copulation test.
3832h agoMutations in synaptotagmin-1 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder by disrupting neurotransmission and altering interactions with SNAP-25, a key protein involved in synaptic vesicle release.
3832h agoMultimodal MRI/MRS shows that cuprizone-treated mice have widespread, dynamic, and only partially reversible brain pathology, including demyelination, gliosis, and changes in brain chemistry.
3832h agoCancer cells in the brain form weak synapses with neurons that can be activated by blocking a specific signaling pathway, leading to increased cancer cell growth.
3832h agoCbp53E regulates intracellular calcium levels in photoreceptor cells, and its absence causes a prolonged repolarization phenotype that can be rescued by expressing Cbp53E or its human homologs.
3832h agoDamage to the mediodorsal thalamus or thalamic nucleus reuniens impairs cognitive flexibility in rats, but noradrenaline treatment can improve this impairment.
3836h agoDifferent flicker frequencies of light can induce distinct types of synaptic plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex, enabling recovery of function in various ways.
3836h agoNormative modelling charts brain variation across a population to provide individual-level analysis of brain development, ageing, and neurological conditions.
3840h agoCortical tracking of speech and music predicts reading ability in healthy young adults, with stronger low-frequency tracking associated with faster reading reaction times.
3840h agoThe brain processes face and body signals together, not separately, as face and body representations become more integrated along the visual hierarchy.
3840h agoEndothelial cells guide neural development in the cerebellum by secreting the protein Wnt5a, which regulates the growth and maturation of specific types of neurons.
3840h agoRomantic partners are represented in the brain's nucleus accumbens and anterior insula in a unique way that is not just due to familiarity, and these regions play different roles in romantic bonding.
3840h agoTau aggregates form in the cytoplasm first and then move to the nucleus, where they inhibit mRNA export and alter RNA biogenesis.
3840h agoPurkinje cells can organize into open-loop feedforward modules that allow the cerebellum to modulate behavior through brainstem regions, alongside traditional closed-loop modules.
3840h agoThe functional brain imaging data can be represented as connectivity terrains, where nodes with similar functions converge to attractor nodes, forming sub-networks within the brain.
3840h agoA novel system using electrical stimulation shows that human postural control adapts to altered musculoskeletal dynamics during quiet standing.
3840h agoThe retrosplenial cortex contains cells that encode the location of a moving target relative to the head, and these cells adapt their coding to help with active pursuit.
3840h agoHunger-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus are rapidly inhibited by threats, which prioritizes predator avoidance over food-seeking.
3844h agoA specific network of genes in the brain helps protect against depression caused by chronic stress, and changing these genes can make mice more resilient to stress.
3844h agoThe brain regulates left and right-sided body processes through hormones released into the bloodstream by the hypothalamus, which is organized in an asymmetric way to allow for this side-specific control.
3844h agoAlternative splicing of exon 18a in the Cacna1b gene contributes to associative learning by regulating CaV2.2 channels.
3844h agoSchizophrenia is linked to abnormal brain activity in the beta frequency range, which affects multisensory integration, action monitoring, and language organization.
3844h agoThe primate motor cortex uses both the same and different strategies to control rhythmic and discrete arm movements.
3844h agoAtypical lateralization of the language network to the right hemisphere is associated with selective reorganization in face-selective areas, with some regions shifting to the left hemisphere and others maintaining their typical right hemisphere bias.
3844h agoSynapse maturation in the brain occurs in a region- and layer-specific manner, with layers associated with feedforward pathways maturing earlier and layers associated with higher-order circuits maturing later.
3844h agoSynaptic precision is limited by energetic availability, with synaptic energy budgets governing the relationship between synaptic reliability and plasticity.
3848h agoAdaptive systems balance prediction and surprise by operating at a point where confidence is high but residual uncertainty is large, which can be achieved through a golden-ratio partition of known and unknown information.
3848h agoThe brain can be seen as a negative feedback control system that uses local learning algorithms, where a good sensory activity minima serves as a complete reward signal, and this learning principle likely evolved in early unicellular life forms and scaled up to complex biological brains.
3848h agoThalamic atrophy, independent of lesions, affects information processing speed in people with multiple sclerosis, with different parts of the thalamus contributing to this impairment in distinct ways.
3848h agoHigher-order interactions make desynchronization of coupled oscillators more difficult to achieve when initial phases are close to the synchronized state, but larger interaction strengths facilitate desynchronization otherwise.
3848h agoThe black hole's spin significantly reshapes the dynamics of galactic centers by either amplifying chaotic scattering caused by halo asymmetry or stabilizing specific orbital families.
3848h agoA new model shows that a star, disk, arms, and companions can form dynamically through chaotic gas ejection and interaction, producing a central star, Keplerian disk, spiral arms, and diverse companions.
3848h agoResurgent transseries provide a general and compact way to write down exact, nonperturbative solutions to hermitian one-matrix models and their topological string duals, in the form of a discrete Fourier or Zak transform for their partition functions.
3848h agoThe structural complexity of the 2D ferromagnetic Ising model peaks at the critical temperature, as measured by a new metric that quantifies the complexity of lattice configurations using algorithmic information theory.
3848h agoDeep neural networks undergo a sharp transition from a functional phase to a disordered phase with collapsed performance when pruned, following scaling laws consistent with second-order critical behavior.
3848h agoA three-dimensional dynamical-systems framework for passive gliding reveals that trajectories collapse onto a terminal velocity manifold before evolving toward a glide equilibrium, and separatrix geometry determines the accessibility of shallow glides.
3848h agoEnergy transport in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) chains shows a transition from thermalization to anomalous heat transport, where thermal conductivity diverges with system size, and can be classified into two universality classes with different conductivity scaling.
3848h agoThe microcanonical framework predicts the statistics of short waves in inhomogeneous moving media based on conservation of absolute frequency and an ergodic prescription for action density.
3848h agoAnisotropy in range expansions leads to distinct spatial patterns and invasion velocities, characterized by a kink in the displaced strain ahead of the boundary between strains.
3848h agoThe dispersion of trajectories of stochastic processes in reconstructed phase spaces is governed by covariance structure over time and intermittency phenomenon with initial separation.
3848h agoThe Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model exhibits random switches between two chimera states, where one population of phase oscillators is synchronised and the other is desynchronised, due to the finite size of the network.
3848h agoNon-normal eigenvector amplification in multidimensional systems induces heavy-tailed fluctuations and power law distributions through transient growth caused by non-orthogonal eigenvectors.
3848h agoChaos in the sense of Li-Yorke is proved to exist in a family of four-dimensional discrete dynamical systems associated with coupled oscillators subject to an external non-conservative force.
3848h agoThe properties of scarred eigenstates in graphene billiards do not match those of relativistic quantum systems, but instead comply with those of nonrelativistic quantum billiards.
3848h agoHigher-form symmetries drive a self-similar inverse cascade in turbulent systems, leading to large-scale coherent structures through a universal scaling behavior.
3848h agoA modified simulated annealing method with a dynamically chosen cooling temperature yields exponential decay of the entropy of the particle system.
3848h agoDirected complexes always allow global topological synchronization, but hollow complexes require stricter conditions, and both types differ from undirected complexes in terms of stability.
3848h agoDeep neural networks undergo a sharp transition from a functional phase to a disordered phase with collapsed performance when pruned, following scaling laws consistent with second-order critical behavior.
3848h agoA properly engineered two-step protocol accelerates relaxation in open quantum systems with quasiperiodic spatial structure by redistributing spectral weight and suppressing overlap with slow decay modes.
3848h agoQuenched disorder changes the universality classes of critical behaviors in three-dimensional lattice ${\mathbb Z}_2$ gauge Higgs models, with different effects depending on the type of disorder and transition line.
3848h agoLocalized states in the band gap of amorphous phase change alloys control electrical conduction, and these states are mainly caused by wrong bonds and specific atomic configurations.
3848h agoUltracold bosonic atoms on a ring with a rapidly oscillating scattering length can simulate a two-component atomic mixture with exotic, long-range interactions.
3848h agoRecurrent neural networks and deep neural networks exhibit distinct functional properties due to weight sharing in recurrent neural networks, which induces correlated representations and aids generalization in sequential tasks.
3848h agoMagnetic impurities from oxygen vacancies affect the electronic interface layer of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure, creating a disordered Fermi-liquid regime for majority-spin carriers and controlling the transport of minority-spin carriers.
3848h agoGlasses have complex relaxation dynamics that behave differently under high pressure, with two distinct mechanisms: one that enhances structural disorder and another that promotes density-driven structural ordering.
3848h agoTopological insulator nanowires display Aharanov-Bohm conductance oscillations with a perfectly transmitted mode due to effective time-reversal symmetry, but amorphous nanowires lose these oscillations and develop nonquantized resonant peaks at high amorphicity.
3848h agoTensor factorizations can be accurately inferred from sparse measurements of high-rank tensors using message-passing algorithms and replica theory, even with large amounts of missing data.
3848h agoTransformers can successfully predict unseen sequences from diverse pseudo-random number generators, including those with substantial complexity, and even when the output is limited to a single bit.
3848h agoBinary Error Propagation (BEP) enables end-to-end binary training for neural networks, including recurrent architectures, by propagating error signals as binary vectors through multiple layers using only bitwise operations.
3848h agoThe Sub-Optimal Transport (SOT) model describes how entropy and cost minimization compete in real-world systems, and a new mean-field theory characterizes the smooth crossover between entropy-dominated and cost-dominated configurations.
3848h agoDirected complexes always allow global topological synchronization, but hollow complexes require stricter conditions, and both types differ from undirected complexes in terms of stability.
3848h agoEye movements actively organize working memory by creating sequences that align with the underlying structure of information, helping to reduce memory load.
3848h agoThe brain's dorsal periaqueductal gray area uses both excitatory and inhibitory neurons to control threat assessment and avoidance behavior in response to different threats.
3848h agoChronic stress accelerates brain aging in young mice but has opposite effects in old mice, activating programs that counteract aging-related patterns.
3848h agoTau aggregates cause neuronal death and cognitive decline by disrupting heterochromatin, leading to the activation of Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) and neuronal cell death.
3848h agoPhotobiomodulation restores blood-brain barrier integrity after hypoxic insult by modulating endothelial thrombo-inflammatory signalling and reducing oxidative stress in glial cells.
3848h agoFast-ripples in brain activity are likely caused by random neural interactions rather than a specific pathological process, with their occurrence often no more than expected by chance.
3848h agoA flexible framework based on response theory and score matching suppresses spurious dependencies in neural emulators of turbulent systems, enhancing their ability to respond to external forcings.
3852h agoA graph neural network learns from atomic motion to reveal how molecular systems change state, delivering accurate kinetics and atom-level insight into complex transitions.
3856h agoHumans recognize everyday actions from the combination of visual features including the hand, objects, scene background, and orientation or motion signals, with object and orientation information playing a key role.
3856h agoThe p-Brain framework analyzes DCE-MRI scans to estimate brain properties, such as blood flow and blood-brain barrier function, and produces detailed maps and summaries of brain activity.
3856h agoA single neural circuit can support all three types of spatial attention, using low-dimensional geometric rotations, sparse coding, and nonlinear mixed selectivity to generate human-like temporal dynamics.
3856h agoThe subiculum encodes information during navigation through burst firing, specifically through plateau events that are synaptic in origin and require NMDA receptor activation.
3856h agoMinocycline and bone marrow mononuclear cells reduce damage after spinal cord injury by targeting different parts of the injury process.
3860h agoMicroglia become activated and proliferate after intraventricular hemorrhage, shifting to a proinflammatory phenotype, but treatment with sulforaphane and deferoxamine reduces inflammation, mitigates damage, and promotes recovery in the developing brain.
3860h agoHumans tend to underestimate the number of plants compared to animals and minerals, but this bias fades when the plants are altered to prevent easy identification.
3860h agoIncomplete spinal cord injury impairs voluntary movement by disrupting the balance between inhibitory and excitatory inputs to motoneurons, shifting towards greater inhibition.
3860h agoPerivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment through SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
3868h agoHuman environments and experiences vary greatly worldwide and are changing rapidly, requiring large-scale studies to understand their impact on the brain and address growing mental health challenges.
3868h agoNeuroinflammation causes DNA damage that leads to neuron death through parthanatos, but inhibiting parthanatos protects neurons and reduces paralysis in a mouse model of autoimmune inflammation.
3868h agoEfficient coding and computing theory explains how neural circuits in the brain represent and process information during cognitive tasks, revealing that different coding schemes are optimal for different task structures.
3868h agoRecurrent spine-neck narrowing increases spine-neck resistance, which accelerates voltage dynamics and improves the tracking of high-frequency synaptic inputs, modulating calcium signaling and inhibitory gating in dendritic spines.
3868h agoPAG-Nts neurons release glutamate and neurotensin in the VTA to activate dopamine neurons, and their activity promotes threat responses and reward-seeking behaviors through dopamine-dependent mechanisms.
3868h agoThe brain's resting-state metabolic connectivity is organized along a superior-inferior cortical gradient, with local transitions shaped by both fast and slow metabolic signals.
3868h agoThe study maps transcriptional alterations in schizophrenia across different cellular microenvironments in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, linking changes to non-neuronal populations and altered cell-cell communication.
3868h agoChildren's ability to learn auditory associative words improves with age but remains difficult, with musically trained older children and younger children showing some learning ability, and visual-nonverbal short-term memory being positively linked to this type of learning.
3868h agoThe ventral CA1 hippocampus neurons form pathway-specific circuits with key brain regions that control motivation and memory, and these circuits have distinct inputs and outputs.
3868h agoGraph neural networks can decompose complex systems into simple representations, revealing connectivity, neuron types, signaling functions, and external stimuli in simulated neural assemblies with thousands of neurons.
3872h agoAverageness in facial proportions correlates with higher perceived attractiveness in male faces.
3872h agoCollective intentionality allows nonhuman animals to create social entities through coordinated actions and shared intentions that can be reduced to individual intentions.
3872h agoPoisson variational free energy minimization provides a way to couple information-theoretic coding rates with biophysical firing rates, enabling a trade-off between coding fidelity and energy expenditure in biological systems.
3872h agoA model and humans show similar performance in color constancy tasks, with both achieving high constancy under normal conditions and similar declines when local surround or spatial mean color cues are removed.
3872h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric connectivity can faithfully represent arbitrary stochastic dynamical systems, including nonlinear and nonequilibrium dynamics, within a low-dimensional latent subspace.
3872h agoAutism spectrum disorder is associated with altered brain organization characterized by more negative global coevolutionary energy, changed network motifs, and higher bipolarity.
3872h agoThe kinetic energy of neural activity links chaotic dynamics to unstable fixed points in random recurrent neural networks, and its average value shifts from zero to positive at a critical coupling variance.
3872h agoThe Ising model with non-local diffusion exhibits chimera-like states, characterized by stable moving domains of spins with different local magnetization, under certain conditions.
3872h agoSpike train production from artificial neural networks is possible based on physical notions like intermittency, similar to the operation of biological neural networks.
3872h agoA probabilistic cellular automaton, which combines two simple rules, almost surely reaches a stable state of all zeros in a finite number of steps, but approximation methods fail to predict this behavior.
3872h agoA flexible framework based on response theory and score matching suppresses spurious dependencies in neural emulators of turbulent systems, enhancing their ability to respond to external forcings.
3872h agoThe classical integrable elliptic Toda chain is extended to an open chain with boundary terms using the factorized form of the Lax matrix and gauge equivalence with the XYZ chain.
3872h agoA weakly nonlocal homogeneous Hamiltonian operator and a third-order homogeneous Hamiltonian operator have specific compatibility conditions that determine a bi-Hamiltonian structure for many integrable PDEs.
3872h agoNavier-Stokes equations can have distinct global solutions from almost the same initial conditions with tiny differences as small as $10^{-40}$.
3872h agoA consensus formation model with condensation effects exhibits finite-time concentration when the initial mass exceeds a critical threshold.
3872h agoThe solution to the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a finite genus algebro-geometric background has long-time asymptotics that are determined by the background solution with a parameter shift and subleading terms that decay at different rates in different space-time regions.
3872h agoShannon transfer entropy helps identify causally coherent motions in turbulent flows by detecting sources and targets in dynamical systems.
3872h agoSpatiotemporally chaotic field theories can be described using sums over their multi-periodic orbits, recasting chaos theory in the language of statistical mechanics, field theory, and solid state physics.
3872h agoThe scattering dynamics of kinks in a nonlinear system depend on the parameter λ, with small kinks showing complex behavior and large kinks consistently producing small kinks during collisions.
3872h agoA novel symmetry decomposition approach derives Painleve solitons of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) system, which propagate against a background governed by a Painleve transcendent.
3872h agoThe elliptic Toda chain and elliptic Ruijsenaars-Toda chain can be obtained as particular cases of the elliptic Ruijsenaars chain.
3872h agoExternal resonant excitation of a two-dimensional polariton fluid breaks symmetry, allowing for topological excitations like domain walls and half-vortex molecules.
3872h agoThe kinetic energy of neural activity links chaotic dynamics to unstable fixed points in random recurrent neural networks, and its average value shifts from zero to positive at a critical coupling variance.
3872h agoHebbian learning in artificial neural networks creates and destroys attractors, leading to formation of memories and unwanted features such as spurious memories and catastrophic forgetting.
3872h agoThe quantum sinh-Gordon model on multi-sheeted Riemann surfaces uses composite branch-point twist operators to help calculate entanglement entropies, and this work develops a technique to compute form factors of these operators in the semiclassical approximation.
3872h agoThe potential-energy gating method improves state estimation in systems with double-well stochastic dynamics by modulating observation trust based on the local potential energy.
3872h agoQuasiperiodic modulation enhances topological robustness and induces a non-Hermitian topological Anderson insulator phase in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model.
3872h agoGlasses exhibit persistent phonon echoes at low temperatures even when nonlinear energy structures and disorder are included, and many-body interactions enhance the echo signal.
3872h agoMagnetisation reversal in antiferromagnetic spin models with weak random field disorder occurs in a step-wise hysteresis loop with short magnetisation bursts, and exhibits Barkhausen-type noise, avalanche propagation, and multifractal fluctuations.
3872h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric connectivity can faithfully represent arbitrary stochastic dynamical systems, including nonlinear and nonequilibrium dynamics, within a low-dimensional latent subspace.
3872h agoThe Prometheus framework detects phase transitions in 3D classical and quantum systems with high accuracy, extracting critical temperatures, exponents, and identifying universality classes without analytical guidance.
3872h agoThe combination of spatial structure and environmental fluctuations allows many species to stably coexist, resolving the paradox of how diverse communities can be stable.
3872h agoA cryptographic scheme based on discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs enables reliable message recovery in the absence of eavesdropping, but induces disturbances that disrupt the periodic reconstruction mechanism when intercepted.
3872h agoGlobal reciprocity in Liouvillian dynamics does not protect transport, and instead, excitations spread via slow subdiffusion in a lattice model with asymmetric incoherent hopping.
3872h agoA new approach called thermal min-max games unifies bounded and perfect rationality in game theory, allowing for predictions of typical equilibrium values and mixed-strategy statistics based on rationality strength, strategy count, and payoff randomness.
3872h agoThe statistics of language exhibit translation symmetry, which governs the emergence of simple geometric structures in high-dimensional word embedding models.
3872h agoA unified framework based on a spinful quasiperiodic system realizes all fundamental localization phases, including three pure phases and four coexisting ones with mobility edges.
3872h agoThe Ising model with non-local diffusion exhibits chimera-like states, characterized by stable moving domains of spins with different local magnetization, under certain conditions.
3872h agoSolving partial differential equations using an annealing-based approach involves transforming the problem into a generalized eigenvalue problem that can be solved through iterative computations.
3872h agoInformation scrambling in open quantum systems is explored through generalized measures, revealing a universal structure in weak dissipation and a two-local-minima structure in strong dissipation.
3872h agoA new algorithm exactly calculates gradients for training analog computing systems, enabling energy-efficient machine learning by allowing local learning and updates to a subset of resistance values without degrading performance.
3872h agoA closed system of low-dimensional and continuous-time equations characterizes the asymptotic distribution of stochastic gradient flow parameters in high-dimensional models, where the number of data samples and dimension grow proportionally.
3872h agoLesion network mapping incorrectly maps brain changes to similar outcomes, according to concerns raised about a recent study's methodology and data.
3872h agoPrenatal exposure to THC and CBD rewires the prefrontal cortex circuitry in a lasting and sex-dependent manner, shifting it towards a more pro-excitatory state and impairing synaptic plasticity.
3872h agoSleep disrupts the normal flow of signals in the brain's 40 Hz auditory response, particularly reducing feedforward connections from auditory areas to higher-order associative cortices and weakening reciprocal connections between prefrontal and parietal regions.
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3872h agoAtaraxis, an open-source framework, enables AI coding assistants to control laboratory hardware, allowing for faster hardware validation, integration, and personnel onboarding.
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3872h agoIntelligence is linked to brain activity, with higher intelligence associated with stronger and faster brain responses, as measured by the P300 event-related potential.
3872h agoA brief online mindfulness meditation program increases autonomic regulation during meditation and stress, and improves mindfulness skills, in healthy adults with no prior meditation experience.
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3872h agoImplanting large cranial windows can distort sensory maps in the auditory cortex, leading to biased measurements of sensory representations.
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3872h agoNeural oscillations and avalanches are emergent phenomena that arise from network-level interactions between groups of neuronal assemblies, driving population activity in the brain.
3876h agoGranule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus do not reduce their synaptic input or intrinsic excitability after prolonged elevated activity, instead relying on other mechanisms to maintain their firing rates.
3876h agoGD3 synthase deficiency alters the function of ion transporters Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase in the brain by changing membrane lipid composition and ganglioside balance.
3876h agoBatch effects hinder meaningful biological insights from large-scale single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, and a new approach is proposed to develop more informed batch-correction methods.
3880h agoRepeated exposure to varied visual stimuli enhances visually evoked beta activity in the mouse primary visual cortex, leading to increased recruitment of cortical neurons and improved sensory encoding.
3884h agoTwo dendritic mRNAs, Actb and Camk2a, are targeted to different parts of dendritic spines and delivered to different spine populations in response to chemical long-term potentiation.
3884h agoHuman brain activity has stable, unique features that define individual neurophysiological profiles, which can be accurately identified using a new participant-agnostic autoencoder framework and brief brain recordings.
3884h agoOPCs lose their ability to move and restore myelin with age, but they retain the capacity to generate new myelinating cells if given the right stimulus.
3884h agoImpaired nuclear import initiates neuronal cell-cycle re-entry, which drives degeneration in ALS, and disrupting the cell-cycle machinery can confer neuroprotection.
3888h agoDistinct radial glia subtypes generate and support midbrain dopaminergic neurons, revealing specialized functions and lineage relationships among diverse cell types that shape dopamine neuron development.
3892h agoSemantic processing relies on higher-level brain networks than phonological processing, and this is linked to specific brain connectivity, myelin, and cortical structure.
3892h agoMyelination in the cerebral cortex starts with targeted and selective wrapping of specific axons, mainly those of parvalbumin interneurons, and progresses through interactions between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and local neurons.
3892h agoPeople who stutter have difficulty with the temporal organization of action selection and preparation, not just in speech, but also in hand actions.
3892h agoObject-location memory acquisition relies on enhanced functional connectivity between medial temporal lobe structures, visual regions, and temporo-occipital cortices, and this connectivity pattern evolves and becomes more efficient as learning progresses.
3892h agoThe hippocampus is essential for learning about the statistical structure of sensory input, and its activity tracks and represents the abstract rules and features of this structure.
3892h agoPost-transcriptional modifications in 544 genes are more common in Alzheimer's disease brains than in normal aged brains, affecting key pathways and potentially contributing to disease.
3892h agoNeural populations can learn new skills without disrupting old ones by using orthogonal task manifolds that preserve previously learned dynamics in recurrent neural networks.
3892h agoSpinal cord progenitors produce a diverse range of cells through highly variable numbers of cell divisions, and individual progenitors can generate multiple distinct neuron types and astrocytes.
3892h agoSatellite glial cells produce Fibulin-2, which reduces pain sensitivity by decreasing the excitability of sensory neurons through a specific type of electrical current.
3892h agoThe angular gyrus contributes to semantic processing, particularly under conditions of abstract and memory-guided demands, and its engagement is driven by multiple interacting neurocognitive factors.
3892h agoRIC-3 regulates the surface expression of 5-HT3A receptors by directly interacting with the receptor's intracellular domain, which in turn affects neuronal signaling.
3892h agoNMDARs regulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and circuit structure in a location-specific way, with presynaptic NMDARs controlling release and timing-dependent long-term depression, and postsynaptic NMDARs controlling timing-dependent long-term potentiation and dendritic spine maintenance.
3892h agoDifferent tau mutations drive distinct disease processes, with one leading to progressive tau hyperphosphorylation and another to tau hypophosphorylation and early seed formation.
3892h agoAstrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles from people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease promote tau accumulation and cause cognitive and motor deficits in a mouse model.
3892h agoDevelopmental amnesia in children with hippocampal atrophy causes severely impaired episodic memory but almost normal semantic memory, and is likely caused by impaired sequential and spatial learning ability of the hippocampus.
3896h agoThe International Society for Tractography conference presented abstracts on advancing research in neuroanatomy, tractography methods, and their applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
3896h agoThe left-right asymmetry in brain activity correlates with a large language model's ability to learn formal linguistic patterns, not with its skills in arithmetic, world knowledge, or reasoning.
3896h agoA hypergraph approach using algebraic connectivity to model brain activity identifies more statistically different brain connections across Alzheimer's disease stages and better distinguishes between healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease patients.
3896h agoCognitive states and long-term working memory may be supported by a second tier of neural activity that coexists with sensorimotor brain activity, based on coordinated spike-timing activity.
3896h agoComputational neuroscience uses modeling and data analysis to connect language theories from linguistics to neural mechanisms in the brain.
3896h agoBrain-inspired methods improve convolutional neural networks' robustness to adversarial attacks by aligning their representations with neural similarity structures, and this can be achieved without neural recordings by using pixel-based similarity.
3896h agoA geometric and analytic framework for polynomial partial differential equations on thin annuli in the plane reveals that solutions converge to effective one-dimensional dynamics on a limiting circle.
3896h agoThe interacting Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator with a Landau-Ginzburg type interaction has a conformal bi-Hamiltonian formulation, Lie symmetries, and bounded trajectories, and its dynamics is integrable and can be solved using elliptic functions.
3896h agoA data-driven framework infers phase-amplitude equations of coupled limit-cycle oscillators from waveform measurements, allowing for quantitative prediction of synchronization transitions involving amplitude dynamics.
3896h agoOptical thermodynamics describes a Rayleigh-Jeans modal power distribution in multimoded nonlinear photonic circuits, and a new theory extends this to systems with strong nonlinear mode-mode interactions.
3896h agoDeep neural networks accurately predict seasonal rainfall in southeastern Australia by using a low-dimensional state space that includes coupled Indian-Pacific Ocean variability.
3896h agoMagnonic Kerr nonlinearity causes chaotic and frequency-comb-like behaviors in magnon-polaritons and induces a finite excitation gap in the soft-mode of easy-axis ferromagnets.
3896h agoQuantum chaos enables initial unentangled states to exhibit Heisenberg scaling of quantum sensitivity, even with limited measurement accessibility, making it a robust resource for enhanced sensing.
3896h agoIncreasing coordination density in regular lattice systems induces a qualitative reorganization of higher-order topological structure that correlates with improved synchronization efficiency.
3896h agoDiffusion-driven instability on matrix-weighted networks leads to Turing patterns when network topology, scalar weights, and inter-node transformations combine to destabilize a homogeneous equilibrium.
3896h agoThe discrete Frenet geometry mapping does not provide a predictive framework for protein folding because three structural barriers, including the encoding of chirality and local geometry dominance, prevent accurate forward prediction.
3896h agoThe nonlinear cubic-quintic Duffing-van der Pol oscillator with variable coefficients has exact solutions that are obtained using two approaches: the factorization method and Painlev\'e analysis.
3896h agoA new framework learns effective Langevin equations from stationary time series, guaranteeing the observed steady-state density and enforcing temporal correlations directly from data.
3896h agoThe Wave-Kinetic Equations for acoustic waves have steady-state solutions that are stable due to different mechanisms in 2D and 3D equilibrium and non-equilibrium cases.
3896h agoA bistable delayed-feedback oscillator with two delayed-feedback loops replicates the behavior of a network of bistable nodes with nonlocal coupling and allows for faster wavefront propagation, more stable fronts, and protection from noise-induced destruction.
3896h agoThis lecture notes develop the theory of learning in deep and recurrent neuronal networks from the point of view of Bayesian inference.
3896h agoMichel Talagrand's 2006 proof of the Parisi formula marked a decisive milestone in transforming mean field spin glass theory into a rigorous mathematical subject.
3896h agoPhysics-informed glass-structure descriptors can be used to assess the intrinsic reactivity of amorphous aluminosilicates in alkaline solutions, capturing reactivity trends in both single precursors and blended materials.
3896h agoThe entropy rate of printed English is about one bit per character, implying nearly 80 percent redundancy, and a new statistical model captures this redundancy by breaking down text into semantically coherent chunks.
3896h agoCounting spheres that fit into flat regions reveals the topology of the solution space, and this method shows that at least two topological regimes exist in the spherical perceptron.
3896h agoEntanglement entropy difference between half-filled and near-half-filled ground states distinguishes topological phase transitions from trivial phase transitions, even in disordered systems.
3896h agoThe study finds that people's experiences of color are aligned in clusters, with two main groups being color-neurotypicals and atypicals, and also reveals a continuous spectrum of diversity in individual experiences.
3896h agoTBI triggers an active adaptive response, specifically T-cell infiltration, particularly in tissue proximal to contusions, which may contribute to progressive pathologies.
3900h agoDepleting the gut microbiome in aged mice leads to molecular and structural rejuvenation in the brain, improving cognitive function and reducing inflammation.
3908h agoThe predictive coding objective can be optimized in recurrent spiking neural networks using the e-prop learning algorithm, enabling the model to learn complex time-series signals and reproduce underlying dynamics through self-supervised learning.
3908h agoA network of brain regions encodes the subjective values of food rewards, and a new fMRI dataset of 31 participants rating over 500 food images can help further study how the brain constructs these values.
3908h agoCombining advanced microscopy with genetically encoded calcium indicators allows for sequential imaging of calcium dynamics within presynaptic terminals of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
3908h agoChronic alcohol drinking alters dopamine release and uptake mechanisms in the caudate and putamen of rhesus macaques, with sex-specific differences in the effects on tonic and phasic dopamine signaling.
3908h agoFoxg1 improves learning abilities and helps form and recall memories by linking neuronal activity to engram formation and memory recall.
3916h agoA new high-resolution human brain atlas provides precise definitions of 95 grey and white matter structures and 82 white matter tracts, enabling detailed study of the subcortex.
3916h agoGlutamate increases during encoding and recall phases of working memory, and its fluctuations align with behavioural response latencies, while GABA increases during encoding predict higher working memory accuracy.
3916h agoChronic stress enhances episodic fear memories, but not contextual fear conditioning, in female rats, and activating cannabinoid receptors reduces these enhanced fear memories but impairs extinction.
3916h agoAging causes uniform decline in cerebellar gray matter volume, but does not affect the cerebellum's topological organization or sensorimotor function.
3916h agoReactivation of memory traces in the brain does not guarantee that memories will be recalled, but fluctuations in alpha band brain waves and decreased neocortical alpha power help predict when recall will occur.
3916h agoEstradiol and ovarian cycle stage modulate the functional connectivity between kisspeptin neurons and GnRH neurons, with kisspeptin neurons causing a sustained increase in GnRH neuron firing rate that is amplified by ovarian steroids and synaptic connectivity.
3932h agoThe MAPT S305I mutation causes a distinct type of tau protein structure that likely contributes to the disease pathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau inclusions.
3936h agoThe human medial temporal lobe uses a slow-oscillatory architecture to coordinate neuronal populations during learning, which helps to consolidate and recall memories later.
3940h agoInfant and young children's sleep patterns change as they grow, with sleep duration decreasing and sleep becoming more consolidated into fewer bouts per day, due to changes in the rate of sleep pressure accumulation and the timescale of the sleep homeostatic drive.
3940h agoSubarachnoid macrophages (SAMs) migrate to and clear amyloid-beta deposits around arteries in Alzheimer's disease, and their recruitment correlates with vascular changes and reduced cerebral perfusion.
3940h agoThe Cortex Camera Array Microscope (CortexCAM) captures activity from over 9000 neurons across a large area of the dorsal cortex in freely moving mice, enabling cortex-wide imaging during behaviors like locomotion and social interactions.
3940h agoMice with Alzheimer's disease-like brain changes showed less flexible foraging behavior and made more suboptimal choices than control mice, especially when facing high spatial and temporal costs.
3940h agoBrain maps vary across individuals, but similar information is often encoded by different activity patterns in higher-order cortex, and the relationship between brain map layout and information representation depends on neural architecture.
3940h agoNorepinephrine enhances inspiratory rhythm by modulating synaptic drive through NMDA receptors, which increases network burst amplitude and frequency in the preBotzinger complex.
3940h agoBidirectional walking on a split-belt treadmill induces asymmetric adjustments in muscle activation patterns, with the backward-moving leg's muscles showing prolonged activation that persists even after returning to forward walking.
3940h agoPortable low-field MRI has lower accuracy in standard image registration methods due to its lower signal-to-noise ratio, reduced resolution, and acquisition artifacts.
3940h agoHAPI cells are mouse cells, not rat cells, and have microglia-like properties, making them useful for in vitro modeling of microglial behavior.
3940h agoVoluntary temporal attention improves perception by facilitating stimulus processing before a competitive stage, not by resolving conflicts between competing stimulus representations.
3940h agoChronic nicotine reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease by changing the activity and structure of specific brain neurons, including lowering the pacemaking rate of dopaminergic neurons and inducing subregion-specific changes in cholinergic neurons.
3940h agoLearned threats trigger social affiliation in mice through the same neural pathways as innate threats.
3940h agoThe basal ganglia atlas reveals cell-type and region-specific differences in DNA methylation and 3D chromatin organization across 31 subclasses and 59 groups of cells, and provides a framework for understanding genetic risk loci and regulatory architecture.
3940h agoThe E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 forms condensates that capture and modulate client proteins, including TDP-43, and promote their amyloid aggregation, contributing to protein misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases.
3940h agoKetones modulate glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters through the pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle (PMAS), which helps regulate the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance.
3940h agoSpaced training reorganizes memory-related brain networks, enhancing cortical and thalamic dynamics to support more efficient spatial memory, by promoting stronger cortico-thalamic interactions and integrated networks.
3940h agoMutant NPC1 protein causes endolysosomal cholesterol accumulation, lysosomal changes, and neurodegeneration in human iPSC-derived neurons, which can be alleviated by treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin.
3940h agoThe substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and dorsal raphe nucleus have strong connections with several brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum.
3940h agoPhospholipase D1 (PLD1) contributes to tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) by promoting astroglial activation and disrupting synaptic proteostasis.
3940h agoBaicalin treatment alleviates behavioral and physiological effects of Gtf2i duplication in mice and affects neuronal activity in human neurons.
3940h agoThe brain adjusts its response to sound based on recent sound history, and a simple transformation that takes this into account improves modelling of how the brain processes speech.
3940h agoShorter environmental noise correlation length during acute HIV infection is linked to preserved neurocognitive function in over 90% of individuals.
3940h agoSympathetic innervation is critical for the survival and functional integrity of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, and its loss triggers neuronal apoptosis and impairs sensory and motor functions.
3940h agoStimulus presentation enables efficient population coding by reorganizing neuronal connections into modular subnetworks and shifting neural dynamics towards a more ordered regime aligned with stimulus features.
3940h agoSERPINA3 and SPP1 are potential biomarkers that reflect the tumour microenvironment and can assess progression in glioma, showing specificity to astrocytes and microglial cells and high expression levels in glioma.
3944h agoChanges in calmodulin activity, through its regulation of ryanodine receptors and plasma membrane calcium ATPase, underlie changes in calcium dynamics that cause deficits in learning and memory associated with Alzheimer's disease and aging.
3944h agoVisuospatial computations by population receptive fields vary by category-selectivity, stream, and hemisphere, and continue to develop from adolescence to adulthood.
3944h agoA novel approach called flow-matching identifies low-dimensional representations of time series data that preserve temporal relationships, producing more interpretable dynamics and better reconstructions than existing methods.
3944h agoNeuronal avalanches are mainly confined to either the prefrontal cortex or amygdala, and their patterns change as rats develop from juvenile to young adult.
3944h agoTDP-43 nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic accumulation occur independently of stress granules in vivo, challenging current models of TDP-43 related diseases.
3944h agoThe anterior insular cortex neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex regulate adaptive decision-making and play a key role in cognitive flexibility, and stress disrupts this function, leading to cognitive rigidity.
3944h agoEpicranial current stimulation at 40 Hz improves non-navigational spatial memory and activates the hippocampus in rhesus macaques.
3944h agoMetformin activates the protein rngo/DDI2, which boosts proteasome activity to clear toxic proteins, thereby providing neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
3944h agoThe cerebellum plays a crucial role in rule-based category learning and category rule-switching in rats.
3964h agoSensorimotor experience with one's own speech and gestures enhances temporal sensitivity to audiovisual asynchrony, allowing people to better integrate what they see and hear.
3964h agoKainate receptors fundamentally alter the dynamics of the dentate gyrus network, lowering the threshold for pathological activity, increasing network responsiveness, and enabling self-sustaining abnormal activity.
3964h agoAnorexia-like conditions cause changes in the brain's reward system, specifically increasing the strength and activity of certain neurons in the nucleus accumbens, which may lead to excessive activity and suppressed feeding.
3964h agoMutations in the SCN1A gene lead to Dravet syndrome, characterized by seizures, intellectual disability, and autistic features, due to abnormalities in thalamic synapses that persist from after seizure onset into adulthood.
3964h agoIndividual cognitive differences shape how brain systems are engaged to support language processing, with people with lower cognitive skills using more general neural resources as a compensatory mechanism.
3964h agoHuman neuronal shapes lead to more complex synaptic connections in local microcircuits compared to rodent neurons, with specific shapes of human neurons strengthening this process.
3964h agoA generative approach predicts synthesis recipes for target inorganic material structures by converting noise to recipes using a diffusion model.
3964h agoInter-level causation mechanism integrates with dual-process theories to construct a unified model of consciousness, agency, and cognitive functions.
3968h agoThe Cortical Labs Application Programming Interface (CL API) enables real-time interactions with biological neural networks, allowing for precise control and consistency in experimentation.
3968h agoThe brain learns task-specific contextual priors on demand and uses them to interpret visual information, even at the early stages of the visual cortex.
3968h agoUltraLIF, a new framework, replaces heuristic surrogate gradients with ultradiscretization to create fully differentiable Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that are trainable via standard backpropagation.
3968h agoTopoGBM, a new learning framework, captures tumor heterogeneity and achieves better prognosis accuracy for Glioblastoma using multi-parametric 3D MRI, outperforming existing methods.
3968h agoLanguage comprehension depends on the speaker's identity, and mismatches between speaker and content trigger different brain responses depending on whether the mismatch involves social stereotypes or biological knowledge.
3968h agoA neurogeometric model encodes complex motor primitives in the arm area of motor cortex, using kinematic parameters and a geometric kernel to describe cortical activity and recover neural states.
3968h agoBrainSymphony, a lightweight foundation model, processes brain data with less parameters and data than existing models, while still outperforming larger ones in prediction, classification, and network discovery tasks.
3968h agoA new nonlinear deformed Schrödinger structure is constructed using a nonlinear derivative operator, leading to a deformed nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear kinetic energy term and conserved energy, momentum, and Planck relation.
3968h agoA study of a camphor disk's motion on water finds that its velocity changes asymmetrically depending on whether it approaches or moves away from a second localized camphor source.
3968h agoLagrangian multiforms provide a variational framework for describing integrable hierarchies, and two approaches have been developed to systematically construct Lagrangian one-forms for finite-dimensional integrable hierarchies.
3968h agoDynamical computing controls energy states to process information, providing a new approach to designing energy-efficient computers and understanding the thermodynamic costs of information processing.
3968h agoPotential-energy gating improves state estimation in systems with double-well stochastic dynamics by modulating observation trust based on the local potential energy.
3968h agoA novel methodology accurately predicts and controls complex systems into new target states with different dynamics, using a data-driven approach and next-generation reservoir computing.
3968h agoThe solutions to Painlev\'e equation II and related Hamiltonian equations have general structures that link them to tau functions through rational expressions, Wronskians, and non-autonomous Somos-4 type relations.
3968h agoNon-reciprocal adaptive couplings in generalized Kuramoto models induce metastability of anti-phase synchronized clusters of oscillators, a characteristic of brain dynamics.
3968h agoThe number of functions grows sublinearly with system size across diverse systems, including bacteria, federal agencies, and cities, following a pattern consistent with Heaps' Law.
3968h agoThe modified Axelrod model reveals that opinion polarization tends to occur in most simulation parameters, and introducing empathetic agents has limited success in reducing polarization, with changing the behavior of highly connected agents being more effective.
3968h agoSimple replicator networks can increase productivity by using information about changing environments.
3968h agoA generalized simulated bifurcation algorithm achieves almost 100% success probabilities for some large-scale combinatorial optimization problems by harnessing the edge of chaos.
3968h agoA general framework is developed for constructing chiral integrable matrix product states in a specific spin chain, and exact overlap formulas are proposed for four-site product states with Bethe states.
3968h agoMachine learning struggles to learn certain complex phases of matter, specifically non-trivial mixed-state phases, due to their computationally hard nature.
3968h agoIn a closed disordered Heisenberg spin chain, spatial synchronization emerges where spins lock into locally synchronized patches when there is large random disorder.
3968h agoThe two-dimensional model of random networks of metallic nanowires or carbon nanotubes overestimates the number of contacts between elements, leading to overestimated electrical conductivity.
3968h agoNEXI accurately estimates brain tissue microstructure, including exchange times and neurite features, in realistic gray matter models with complex cell structures and varying membrane permeability.
3968h agoInvisible flashes of light influence where people think sounds are coming from, even if they can't see the flashes, by changing how the brain processes sound.
3968h agoThe auditory cortex's sound identification and localization pathways are connected in a way that sound identification helps organize sound localization, and both are represented in a geometrically organized manner that aligns with human behavior.
3968h agoAxonal regeneration is accompanied by a transient phase of dendritic pruning, and a balance between dendritic preservation and axon regrowth is necessary for successful regeneration.
3968h agoRepeated exposure to the general anaesthetic isoflurane causes changes in behaviour, blood flow in the brain, and immune cells in adult mice, with different effects seen in males and females.
3972h agoCalbindin-containing neurons in the ventral lateral septum help regulate maternal behavior, specifically pup-licking, by connecting with other brain areas involved in maternal care.
3972h agoInteroception, the sensing of internal bodily signals, is essential for brain-body interactions and shapes emotion, cognition, and behavior. The brain's interoceptive insular cortex plays a key role in perceiving internal gut sensations. A study in mice finds that neurons in the interoceptive insular cortex encode perceptual reports of internal sensations, and manipulating this area affects behavioral reports, providing a neural basis for perception of internal gut sensations.
3972h agoTMS-induced EEG artifacts originate from electromagnetic induction between TMS coil windings and EEG electrode leads, and certain EEG lead configurations can minimize or cancel out these artifacts.
3976h agoThe brain's neural geometry for multitasking has a three-level hierarchical structure that allows for flexible multitask behavior by nesting location codes within subtask spaces, which are grouped under different meta-tasks.
3976h agoVariations in reflex amplitude estimates of individual motor units are caused by complex interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including motor neuron properties and discharge statistics.
3976h agoCellular senescence spreads to neighboring brain cells through a paracrine process involving specific ligand-receptor pairs, which can be targeted to prevent senescence-spreading and potentially treat age-related brain dysfunction.
3976h agoBinge drinking activates different brain circuits in female and male mice, with the connection between the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens core playing a key role in female binge drinking behavior.
3976h agoCoordinated activity between sensory and motor cortical areas supports hand movements and object interactions, and its restoration is important for recovery of skilled hand function after injury.
3976h agoThe IL-RVLM circuit is necessary for maintaining glucose homeostasis, particularly in females, and its dysfunction contributes to impaired glucose tolerance under chronic stress, with effects varying by sex.
3976h agoA new catalog of preclinical traumatic brain injury models reveals gaps in reporting key variables and provides a centralized resource to improve study design and reproducibility.
3976h agoMutant ATXN1 in microglia directly contributes to their altered function and activation, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in spinocerebellar ataxia type-1.
3980h agoStimulating the same stellate cells in the medial entorhinal cortex on consecutive days produces similar changes in grid cell firing patterns and place field locations.
3980h agoAn AAV-only approach allows genetic access to VTA dopamine neurons, enabling optogenetic self-stimulation in mice.
3980h agoPlasma proteins can capture cell type-specific aging, predict disease and mortality, and show that individuals have heterogeneous aging profiles with accelerated aging in certain cell types.
3984h agoCombining lower-limb motor skill practice with tDCS over M1-Leg strengthens retention of skill learning without changing resting corticospinal excitability.
3984h agoScientists discover a previously unknown brain barrier located at the base of the choroid plexus, in addition to existing epithelial, glial, meningeal, and endothelial brain barriers.
3988h agoInfrequent, well-spaced stimuli enhance predictive learning by shaping dopamine signaling and temporal organization in the brain, which helps extract causal structure from experience.
3988h agoCue-reward learning rate increases with the time between rewards, and learning over a fixed duration depends on the duration, not the number of trials.
3988h agoA conserved fibroblast barrier population at the base of the choroid plexus compartmentalizes brain–CSF interfaces and is disrupted by inflammation.
3988h agoLarge Language Model-based program evolution discovers adaptive regularization schedules that prevent posterior collapse in neural population dynamics analysis, maintaining meaningful latent representations.
3988h agoENIGMA, a new electroencephalography (EEG)-to-Image decoding model, reconstructs seen images from EEG recordings with state-of-the-art performance on research-grade and consumer-grade benchmarks, using a simpler architecture and less than 1% of the trainable parameters required by previous approaches.
3992h agoA new framework called the "dynamical microscope" can analyze complex multivariate signals and identify different dynamic regimes by changes in trajectory speed, path geometry, and flow organization.
3992h agoA new unsupervised model extracts shared and independent patterns from different types of experimental data, combining neural population activity and behavioral data to identify structure across distinct data modalities.
3992h agoThe meta-BAMDP framework handles metareasoning in environments with unknown reward and transition distributions, allowing for more realistic planning problems, and provides a normative framework for understanding human exploration under cognitive constraints.
3992h agoNeural ODEs can achieve closeness to target dynamical systems over an infinite time horizon for certain classes of systems, including those with multiple stable states and limit cycles.
3992h agoA new class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with logarithmic-power nonlinearity admits exact localized solutions with flat-top profiles and sharp edges.
3992h agoMean-field systems with many degrees of freedom can behave in a more integrable way as their size increases, but still show chaotic dynamics for finite sizes.
3992h agoParticles cluster periodically under forced oscillation due to increased effective viscosity caused by neighboring particles, leading to uniform distribution instability and formation of periodic patterns.
3992h agoTraveling defects in the phase gradient profile serve as a dynamical precursor for the nucleation of chimera clusters in a ring of non-locally coupled phase oscillators.
3992h agoA simple deterministic input layer design principle suppresses the emergence of spurious unstable modes in Reservoir Computing, improving its robustness to initialization sensitivity and internal noise.
3992h agoA novel numerical method accurately simulates front propagation in the Fisher-KPP equation with time-dependent parameters on an infinite domain, enabling precise front velocity measurements in various nonautonomous regimes.
3992h agoA new framework called the "dynamical microscope" can analyze complex multivariate signals and identify different dynamic regimes by changes in trajectory speed, path geometry, and flow organization.
3992h agoNonreciprocity occurs when the action of A on B is not equal to the action of B on A, and it appears in various forms and systems, including particle ensembles, neural networks, and open quantum systems.
3992h agoThe solutions to the Sawada-Kotera and modified Sawada-Kotera equations fall into four distinct regions: decay, dispersive wave, Painlevé, and rapid decay regions.
3992h agoA vectorial Darboux transformation is derived for an integrable matrix version of the Fokas-Lenells equation, allowing for the systematic determination of exact solutions including breathers, dark solitons, rogue waves, and beating solitons.
3992h agoLarge Language Models can describe a significant portion of the world with nuance and can be used to simulate cellular automata, allowing for a richer platform for simulation.
3992h agoThe Earth's ionosphere exhibits a self-organizing regime, where turbulent flows organize into a coherent structure, with the number density of turbulent waves scaling linearly with magnetospheric driving power.
3992h agoKrylov complexity reliably probes quantum chaos in non-Hermitian systems, distinguishing chaotic from integrable regimes.
3992h agoThe study finds that generalized Lotka-Volterra dynamics with random, non-reciprocal interactions have two distinct phases of Multiple Equilibria, differing in how internally stable equilibria behave under invasions by absent species.
3992h agoA novel evolutionary algorithm generates Special Quasirandom Structures (SQS) that optimize the computational efficiency of Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations by producing efficient supercells with maximal local environmental distinctness.
3992h agoA neural-network construction uses transformer attention heads to define Euclidean scalar quantum field theories, producing non-Gaussian field statistics that can persist even with an infinite number of network parameters.
3992h agoScientists represent worldsheet string path integrals by integrating over neural network parameters and derive key amplitudes, including the sphere four-point integrand and disk four-tachyon amplitude.
3992h agoNonlinear autoencoders can extract hidden structure in data that linear methods, such as PCA and linear autoencoders, miss, even when their reconstruction loss is higher.
3992h agoLocalized low modes of Dirac eigenmodes appear at a temperature between 155 and 158 MeV, matching the pseudocritical crossover temperature from other measures.
3992h agoThe bond disorder in the two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg model keeps the spin glass phase stable against quantum fluctuations.
3992h agoFlat chiral domain walls in ferromagnets become unstable when driven by a uniform magnetic field above the Walker breakdown field and below a higher threshold.
3992h agoThe boson peak dynamics in glasses produce a crossover in the terahertz dielectric response that is captured by a continuum description coupling charge fluctuations to a frequency-dependent shear modulus.
3992h agoA novel mechanism, called exceptional-bound band engineering, controls topological transitions in non-Hermitian systems based on the system size, allowing for the design of scaling-dependent bands in various lattices and experimental platforms.
3992h agoThe human pallidothalamic circuit binds decision, action, and evaluation during behavior by transforming dynamic representations of choice and confidence into stable ones that guide movement and respond to feedback.
3992h agoThe p75 neurotrophin receptor internalizes at different rates in hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons, regulated by distinct mechanisms and influenced by intracellular signaling pathways.
3992h agoThe noradrenergic arousal system dynamically modulates cortical gain to shape the spread of cortical activity, producing different patterns of brain response depending on whether it is activated phasically or tonically.
3992h agoThe Network Similarity Index (NSI) measures the quality of brain network organization data, helping to determine if it is reliable enough to map individual brain networks.
3992h agoArtificial neural networks exhibit substantial individual differences in behavior, similar to humans, in tasks such as digit recognition and object recognition.
3992h agoExposure to a mixture of common chemical toxicants at low doses directly affects neuronal function and leads to changes in development, behavior, and brain cell communication.
3992h agoThe lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in macaques plays a key role in integrating sensory and cognitive signals for goal-directed action, not just in controlling eye movements.
3992h agoMutations in Presenilin-1, 2, and amyloid precursor protein genes cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and a new algorithm platform can predict the degree of pathogenic potential of these mutations.
3992h agoSynaptic imprecision affects information transmission differently depending on the level of coarse-tuning, with performance limited by correlated noise under weak and moderate coarse-tuning, but saturating under strong coarse-tuning.
3992h agoStroke causes a type of white blood cell to become abnormal, leading to blockages in small blood vessels in the brain, heart, kidneys, retina, and lungs.
3992h agoHuman object recognition relies on a narrow 1.5 octave band of spatial frequency, and this recognition band is maintained by the brain's ventral stream, which becomes increasingly tolerant to noise.
3992h agoA low-channel, consumer-grade EEG headset can match a clinical-grade system in classifying lower limb motor imagery and execution.
3996h agoExtended cessation, a meditative state, is characterized by changes in brain activity, including altered microstate patterns and transition probabilities, associated with self-referential processing and sensory-anchored inflow.
3996h agoSpatially structured tactile cues improve motor performance under sensory conflict by promoting effective integration of visual and somatosensory signals.
3996h agoMicrotubules are directly attached to the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses through an interaction of CAMSAP2 with the scaffolding protein SHANK3.
3996h agoFood preference and intake frequency affect the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy can measure this activity, which could help treat appetite loss in elderly people.
4000h agoAgeing in the peripheral nervous system resembles a chronic injury-like state, with similar molecular changes occurring in both ageing and injury, that can be partially reversed by dietary restriction.
4000h agoTreating mice with a certain immunotherapy causes APOE4 mice to have a rapid redistribution of brain amyloid to blood vessels, leading to increased vascular damage.
4000h agoKetone bodies help reduce inflammation and promote antioxidant effects in spinal cord injuries, leading to better outcomes in rats with induced ketosis.
4000h agoAlzheimer's disease progression involves a two-phase deterioration of brain connectivity, starting with compensatory dynamics followed by abrupt disintegration, caused by amyloid-beta accumulation and synaptic pruning.
4000h agoA repeat expansion in C9orf72 causes muscle weakness, coordination deficits, and spinal motor region damage, leading to a mild form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
4000h agoIsoflurane reduces the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and modulates intrinsic neuronal properties, with greater effects on cortico-cortical stimulation than thalamocortical stimulation.
4000h agoSTARE, a noninvasive method, provides reliable estimates of glucose uptake in the body, correlating well with traditional blood-based methods in two different PET scanners.
4000h agoNeural activity can be broken down into reusable behavioral motifs that enable better decoding of complex behaviors.
4000h agoEncapsulated therapeutic stem cells implanted in the tumor resection cavity induce cell death in gliomas.
4008h agoLaminin regulates axon guidance through local translation in axonal growth cones, and different laminin isoforms can either increase or decrease local translation, influencing axon growth and guidance during development.
4012h agoMetaplasticity in one part of the hippocampus inhibits long-term potentiation in another part, through a signaling cascade involving astrocytes, tumor necrosis factor, and specific receptors.
4012h agoNW-burst neurons in the auditory cortex of marmosets are a distinct excitatory cell type that drive the firing of connected neurons and have shorter response latencies, lower response variability, and higher decoding accuracy than other neurons.
4012h agoCognition is supported by a segregated network architecture of the brain's resting-state networks, while emotions rely on more distributed mechanisms.
4012h agoCUT homeobox factors control chromatin accessibility at specific neuronal gene regulatory regions.
4012h agoThe organization of object information in the brain is better predicted by an object's graspability and texture properties than by its animacy or real size.
4012h agoAutomatic speech engages a distributed network across multiple brain areas, including the superior temporal, precentral, and postcentral cortices, involving a mix of feedforward and feedback signals.
4012h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex projects to the amygdala in a specific way, with different subareas and layers sending signals to different parts of the amygdala.
4012h agoINCAMA, a new framework, separates neural dynamics from indirect observations to accurately infer directed connectivity from neuroimaging data.
4016h agoThe release of diffusion-weighted MRI data from 216 individuals with epilepsy and 98 healthy controls provides a comprehensive resource to research structural connectivity and surgical outcomes in epilepsy.
4016h agoSensitivity to small environmental changes is maximized when a system operates near a critical point, but optimal tuning of a recurrent neural network depends on the available integration time.
4016h agoPopularity ratings reduce cultural diversity and slow innovation in creative processes by changing how people select and create content.
4016h agoAn artificial intelligence architecture simulates the human working memory system with interconnected neural networks that maintain and update high-level representations, leading to human-like thought and cognition.
4016h agoNeuroscientists propose a core set of conceptual dimensions to characterize representations in the brain, describing relations between neural responses, represented features, and downstream effects.
4016h agoA brain graph foundation model, called BrainGFM, uses a novel graph-based approach to analyze brain data from fMRI scans and can generalize across different brain representations and disorders.
4016h agoState Space Models, a type of deep learning architecture, can serve as a biological model that bridges the gap between microscale neural circuits and cognitive functions.
4016h agoThe Neural Response Function (NRF) framework predicts fMRI-measured brain responses to natural images by modeling brain activity as a continuous function over anatomical space.
4016h agoHuman imagination networks have a consistent structure, while large language models have a different organization of internal representations.
4016h agoThe Structurally Adaptive Predictive Inference Network (SAPIN) learns to process information and position its computational resources by minimizing local prediction errors on a 2D grid.
4016h agoThe extended Korteweg-de Vries equation generates fast propagating resonant radiation due to its non-convex linear dispersion curve, and its reduced models provide suitable regularisations in several cases.
4016h agoIntegrals of motion of the fourth Painlev\'e equation and the difference second Painlev\'e equation can be constructed using a difference Lax form over fields with finite characteristic.
4016h agoScientists infer unknown parameters of mean-field equations and reconstruct unobserved dynamics in large neural networks using a single measurable macroscopic observable and the differential evolution algorithm.
4016h agoDiscrete equations derived from the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation have rational solutions expressed in terms of generalised Laguerre and Umemura polynomials.
4016h agoHigher-order networks with directed and hollow structures can achieve global topological synchronization under certain conditions, with directed complexes always allowing synchronization but not being asymptotically stable, and hollow complexes requiring stricter conditions but potentially favoring stability.
4016h agoDispersive shock waves in the defocusing, discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation exhibit a sharp threshold in discretization, beyond which continuum dynamics from dam breaks are observed, and a variety of wave patterns emerge, including unsteady shocks, traveling waves, and dark solitary waves.
4016h agoA three-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system model based on the Lagrange restricted 3-body problem exhibits transient chaotic dynamics as its normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds lose stability and break apart as a perturbation parameter increases.
4016h agoCooperation thrives in group-based public goods games on almost all networks, deriving from self-reciprocity and clustering through group separations and second-order interactions.
4016h agoThe modified kinematics of a real scalar field lead to analytic BPS double-kink solutions in three models with different superpotentials, where the double-kinks decay exponentially and have distinct energy profiles.
4016h agoDisordered systems with average non-invertible symmetries can be classified into anomaly-free phases if their symmetry data can be encoded in a 2D topological order with a magnetic Lagrangian algebra that is invariant under permutation, otherwise their ground state is long-range entangled with probability one.
4016h agoSensitivity to small environmental changes is maximized when a system operates near a critical point, but optimal tuning of a recurrent neural network depends on the available integration time.
4016h agoA strong increase in susceptibility is an early warning signal that a complex network system is approaching a transition point where a giant connected component appears or disappears.
4016h agoQuantum annealing uses interacting quantum spin systems to solve computational problems, and its capabilities can now be applied to solve problems in condensed matter physics.
4016h agoHigher-order networks with directed and hollow structures can achieve global topological synchronization under certain conditions, with directed complexes always allowing synchronization but not being asymptotically stable, and hollow complexes requiring stricter conditions but potentially favoring stability.
4016h agoHeat propagates logarithmically slowly through a clean Josephson-junction chain coupled to a thermal bath, rather than diffusively.
4016h agoA mixed-dimensional bilayer model exhibits superconductivity across a wide range of dopings and couplings, with a crossover from tightly bound interlayer pairs to more spatially extended pairs as interlayer exchange decreases.
4016h agoThe partition function of a quasi-one dimensional system of hard disks provides an analytical description of thermodynamics and ordering, showing short-range order that exponentially decays with disk separation.
4016h agoActivated relaxation processes in disordered systems, such as structural glasses and certain spin glasses, involve a rich variety of instantons, including nucleation-like and single-particle hopping-like events, that drive relaxation beyond simple saddle crossing.
4016h agoA generalized Lotka-Volterra model with random, sparse, and symmetric species interactions reveals a rich phenomenology, including strong deviations from Gaussianity in species abundance distributions and a novel topological glass phase that depends on extinctions.
4016h agoVariational quantum algorithms built from analog quenches of a disordered Ising chain retain trainability longer when initialized in a many-body-localized phase than in a thermalized phase.
4016h agoThe emergence of the arrow of time in quantum many-body systems stems from the inherent tendency of Hamiltonian evolution to scramble quantum information and increase entanglement.
4016h agoAutoregressive neural quantum states show transitions in their average entanglement scaling, entanglement spectra, and correlation functions for chains of up to 256 spins.
4016h agoClassifier-free guidance in diffusion models often leads to a loss of diversity in generated samples due to a mismatch between the sampling distribution and the true conditional distribution.
4016h agoTonic REM sleep helps regulate mood and counteracts cognitive deterioration and excitability changes caused by insufficient sleep.
4016h agoHuman eye-hand coordination relies on a stable, individual predictive timing that helps the gaze lead the hand, and this timing is shaped by personal neuromotor constraints, not expertise or training.
4020h agoA new experimental platform uses flexible multi-electrode arrays and a custom stimulator to show that different electrical stimulation strategies can control neuronal activation in the visual cortex with high spatial precision.
4020h agoAlzheimer's disease can progress without noticeable symptoms, but a new study identifies a preclinical subtype with brain atrophy but preserved cognitive function, challenging the common assumption that brain atrophy and cognitive decline always go together.
4020h agoAwakening from deep sleep results in a slower return to normal thinking ability, with brain activity recovering in a front-to-back pattern.
4020h agoAlzheimer's disease causes different brain regions to change in distinct ways, but a core immune activation program and specific cellular networks are shared across regions.
4020h agoParkinson's disease alters brain connections involved in movement, with changes varying by body part and brain region, and affecting control of the leg, hand, and larynx.
4020h agoRGC-enriched cultures derived from human pluripotent stem cell retinal organoids contain a mix of retinal cell types, including 19-45% RGCs, with substantial variability between samples.
4020h agoKetamine reduces the activity of the habenula, a small midbrain structure, in response to unpleasant stimuli and this may lessen the negative impact of bad memories.
4020h agoThe brain's resting state is shaped by signals from the body's organs, and its activity relies on the integrity of peripheral nerves that connect the brain and viscera.
4020h agoThe Collins Test, Staircase Test, and Pawedness Trait Test provide consistent and reliable assessments of paw preference in Sprague Dawley rats.
4020h agoOxidative stress-related genes, particularly Clusterin (Clu) and Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 2 (Gria2), are linked to ischemic stroke, with changes in their expression in mural cells potentially influencing stroke progression.
4020h agoRats show consistent paw preference at an individual level, but there is no universal directional bias at the population level.
4020h agoToddlers develop face representations based on sparse input that is biased towards positive expressions, such as happiness, with faces and negative expressions being relatively rare in their everyday home environment.
4020h agoA new model predicts stereoselectivity and absolute configurations in asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins.
4024h agoFemale rats with comorbid pain hypersensitivity show increased functional connectivity between the insular cortex and brain regions in the cortex and limbic system, including the thalamus.
4028h agoA corticostriatal circuit enables behavioral restraint during motivational conflict by integrating learned threat and reward signals, allowing for flexible decision-making and adaptive restraint in the face of danger.
4028h agoAnimals use different molecular mechanisms to adjust their behavior in response to internal and external cues at different stages of development.
4028h agoHigh-resolution sodium MRI can detect ischemic brain injury early by showing high sodium signals in damaged areas.
4028h agoAberrant activation of certain brain neurons leads to symptoms of anorexia nervosa, including self-starvation, hyperactivity, and anxiety.
4028h agoX chromosome mosaicism reduces the severity of neuroanatomical and cognitive phenotypes caused by X chromosome loss, with a higher proportion of normal cells linked to better brain structure and function.
4028h agoInteroceptive processing differs between two Drosophila species due to distinct neural circuit properties that coordinate with physiological regulations and influence feeding behavior.
4028h agoAdaptive optics combined with ultrafast two-photon fluorescence microscopy enables synapse-resolving imaging in the living mouse brain, enhancing resolution, signal, and contrast of structural and functional details.
4028h agoTH2 amacrine cells exhibit spontaneous rhythmic depolarizations during development, driven first by starburst amacrine cells through cholinergic waves and later by bipolar cells through glutamatergic waves, and play a role in exerting inhibitory control over retinal waves through GABA signaling.
4028h agoThe brain's functions are determined by both individual cell properties and their interactions across brain networks, and gene expression plays a brain-wide role in functional organization.
4028h agoRhythmic median nerve stimulation at 10Hz reduces tic frequency in individuals with Tourette Syndrome by modulating somatosensory physiology, even when delivered at sub-threshold levels that do not cause a visible muscle twitch.
4028h agoParkinson's disease involves pathological communication between the brain and gut, with brainstem neurons propagating abnormal protein to enteric neurons through NRXN1-NLGN2 signaling.
4028h agoInteroceptive lapses, or moments when attention drifts away from the body, are predicted by changes in brain connectivity, breathing patterns, and behavioral responses, and involve brain systems that overlap with but are distinct from those involved in external attention.
4028h agoMost disease-associated KCNH1 variants cause a gain-of-function in the potassium channel, leading to hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, and some variants may be targeted by specific drugs.
4032h agoCategory-selective brain regions with distinct feature tuning emerge from a general visual learning mechanism without domain-specific biases, and their representational signatures can be replicated in self-supervised neural networks.
4032h agoA new neural framework called MAMBAxBrain jointly models the temporal and spatial aspects of brain activity and achieves high accuracy in four brain-related tasks.
4032h agoBrain age prediction can be improved by focusing on specific regions of the brain, and a new network called SurfAge-Net can accurately predict brain age by identifying unique developmental patterns in different areas.
4040h agoDeclarative memory consists of two parts, episodic and semantic memory, which are dissociated and associated with different brain areas.
4040h agoLarge language models align with human language processing through a geometric modularization where simpler model layers better predict brain activity in language networks.
4040h agoBrain alignment with human brain activity saturates at modest model scales, specifically at 3 billion parameters, and remains resilient even when models are compressed.
4040h agoIncreasing the length of video clips improves brain alignment with multimodal large language models, and different tasks and clip lengths align with different brain regions.
4040h agoHuman eye-hand coordination relies on individual predictive strategies that help the gaze lead the hand during tasks, and these strategies are shaped by unique neuromotor constraints rather than expertise or training.
4040h agoBiological systems offer a repertoire of strategies for adaptive behavior that can inspire a new approach to machine intelligence, based on principles such as multiscale autonomy and self-organization that enable robustness, autonomy, and problem-solving.
4040h agoComputational neuroscience bridges the gap between linguistics and neuroscience by using modeling, simulation, and data analysis to turn language structures into testable neural models.
4040h agoA deep state space modeling framework that analyzes brain activity over time identifies specific brain regions most predictive of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and enhances predictive performance compared to traditional methods.
4040h agoLocalized BOLD disturbances, or root-causal maps, initiate pathological cascades in psychiatric disorders and link selectively to specific symptom dimensions.
4040h agoNeural ODEs can approximate dynamical systems with multiple stable states and limit cycles over an infinite time horizon with a small error.
4040h agoA new framework combining diffusion-based structural coarse-graining with spectral noise filtering recovers statistically reliable functional networks from limited fMRI data by reducing network dimensionality and filtering out noise.
4040h agoA probabilistic framework for modeling biological neural systems uses stochastic differential equations and variational inference to integrate existing models and neural networks, enabling hybrid models that predict neural and behavioral responses with fewer parameters.
4040h agoThe NSD-synthetic dataset, which includes 7T fMRI responses to 284 synthetic images, allows for out-of-distribution generalization tests that help develop more robust models of visual processing and human vision.
4040h agoInstruction-tuned multimodal language models show a higher degree of brain alignment with fMRI responses recorded during naturalistic movie watching than non-instruction-tuned models.
4040h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the recall of forgotten memories by dynamically lowering the energy landscape of the neuronal network, allowing it to trap and recall stored memories that would otherwise be lost.
4040h agoGraph deep learning models' message aggregation mechanism degrades predictive performance in analyzing the functional brain connectome, and a hybrid model combining linear and graph attention network approaches achieves robust predictions and better interpretability.
4040h agoRecurrent neural networks perform computations by dynamically warping their representations of task variables.
4040h agoA material's history determines where it is likely to fail, with the probability of failure changing over time according to a stretched-exponential aging law.
4040h agoDiscrete breathers in a nonlinear honeycomb lattice are dynamically stable over a wide range of parameters, with features that combine discrete and continuum behaviors.
4040h agoThe phase space arclength of a trajectory, measured by the time-averaged Lagrangian descriptor, distinguishes between chaotic and regular motion in Hamiltonian systems.
4040h agoThe relative phase of two-dimensional flat-top solitons at the collision point primarily controls the transition between elastic and inelastic interactions, with out-of-phase collisions leading to nearly elastic scattering and in-phase collisions leading to strong interaction.
4040h agoParrondo's paradox and chaos are connected in two ways: the paradox can be translated into the interplay between order and chaos, and chaos can be used to engineer switching protocols that lead to unexpected outcomes in the paradox.
4040h agoThe elliptic Toda chain and elliptic Ruijsenaars-Toda chain are particular cases of the elliptic Ruijsenaars chain, and they have classical $r$-matrix structures that can be derived from it.
4040h agoThe addition of time-delayed coupling to the 1D swarmalator model leads to a family of unsteady states with time-periodic order parameters, alongside familiar sync, async, and phase wave states.
4040h agoChaos in both dissipative and conservative systems is a critical phenomenon of equilibrium statistics in phase space, characterized by universal critical exponents that distinguish classes of chaos.
4040h agoExpulsive potentials steeper than quadratic ones lead to normalizable eigenstates in one- and two-dimensional Schrödinger equations, which constitute full continuous spectra.
4040h agoA new physical analog neural network architecture uses reconfigurable nonlinear-processing units to enable compact and energy-efficient regression and classification with programmable nonlinear transformations.
4040h agoCoupled quantum flux parametrons perform two universal logical operations, Controlled Erasure and Erasure-Flip, which can be used to build a NAND gate and demonstrate the potential of momentum-based computing.
4040h agoMinimal nonintegrable spin-$1/2$ Hamiltonians are classified and constructed, delineating a sharp boundary between integrability and nonintegrability in spin chains with genuine three-site interactions.
4040h agoThe study links response theory, pullback measures, and optimal fingerprinting to predict the impact of external forces on time-dependent systems and attribute observed changes to these forces.
4040h agoFlow matching learns a nonparametric, memory-augmented continuous-time dynamical system that depends on past transitions, and its optimal velocity field can be expressed as a similarity-weighted mixture of instantaneous velocities.
4040h agoThe stability of points on a switching surface that are equilibria of only one neighbouring piece of a three-dimensional piecewise-smooth system is governed by the behaviour of a global reinjection mechanism.
4040h agoA single intruder agent connected to one or more nodes in a network can destabilize the entire network, and targeting a low-degree node is more effective than targeting multiple nodes or hubs.
4040h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
4040h agoDyMixOp, a novel neural operator framework, accurately approximates nonlinear dynamical systems governed by partial differential equations by projecting infinite-dimensional dynamics onto a finite-dimensional latent space, capturing essential linear and nonlinear interactions.
4040h agoThe electrostatic potential's phase and spatial-mode choice jointly determine whether interference suppresses or promotes particle transport at the plasma edge.
4040h agoA coupled dynamical model reveals that epidemic spread exhibits four distinct patterns as resource allocation changes, and a trade-off exists between efficient resource allocation and infection risk.
4040h agoCoupled Chialvo maps in two dimensions produce ringlike or spiral patterns depending on the type of nearest-neighbor coupling, with rings expanding and spirals evolving into turbulence as coupling increases.
4040h agoSingular value decomposition-based diagnostics are not reliably able to locate the many-body localization transition in time-reversal-symmetry preserving non-Hermitian many-body systems.
4040h agoThe boson peak dynamics in glasses causes a robust crossover in the terahertz dielectric response, which is best explained by a continuum model that links charge fluctuations to frequency-dependent shear modulus.
4040h agoNonlinearity and nonreciprocity in topological mechanical metamaterials produce a new type of robust nonlinear wave called insensitive nonreciprocal edge breathers, whose frequency remains fixed even with increasing nonlinearity.
4040h agoMobility-edge systems can realize multiple thermodynamic functions, including heater, accelerator, heat engine, and refrigerator modes, within a single platform by tuning system parameters.
4040h agoUnlearning in a variant of the Hopfield model improves memory capacity by reducing spurious memories.
4040h agoThe Percolation Hypothesis suggests that Multiple Sclerosis progression from RRMS to SPMS may abruptly break, like a phase transition, when a threshold is crossed.
4040h agoA new framework combining diffusion-based structural coarse-graining with spectral noise filtering recovers statistically reliable functional networks from limited fMRI data by reducing network dimensionality and filtering out noise.
4040h agoMultimodal generation in diffusion-based models is governed by a spectral hierarchy of interaction timescales, where a synchronization gap between eigenmodes leads to desynchronization artifacts.
4040h agoA machine learning-based neural network called DCM-net constructs distributed charge models that accurately model the molecular electrostatic potential with improved accuracy over conventional methods.
4040h agoA microstructure-informed multitask learning framework based on graph neural networks learns to predict rheological properties of suspensions, including particle pressure, viscosity, and friction coordination, from particle configurations.
4040h agoGlasses under constant-pressure shear conditions yield with stress-strain curves that differ only by stress scale at different pressures, and form stable shear bands with lower density, with the behavior similar to constant-volume conditions.
4040h agoScientists directly observe the three-dimensional Anderson transition in a laser-speckle disordered potential and precisely measure the mobility edge using a novel energy-resolved scheme with ultracold atoms.
4040h agoA run-and-tumble particle confined in a harmonic trap has a steady state that can be exactly calculated, showing a persistence-controlled shape transition at a certain turning surface.
4040h agoGenerative models accurately capture evolutionary dynamics when they account for phylogenetic correlations and finite-population effects, but standard Monte Carlo methods fail to reproduce correct phylogenetic structures.
4040h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
4040h agoNon-uniform error rates affect the performance of quantum error correcting codes, causing a Griffiths phase with higher failure rates in 1D repetition codes and losing threshold in 2D toric codes.
4040h agoA simple initialisation algorithm for transformers can be computed using a new analytical theory, which identifies the correct choice of initialisation hyper-parameters to prevent failure modes and ensure smooth training.
4040h agoA new method helps to describe how electrons interact with vibrations in solids that have irregular, disordered structures, resolving long-standing discrepancies in the physics of certain materials.
4040h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the recall of forgotten memories by dynamically lowering the energy landscape of the neuronal network, allowing it to trap and recall stored memories that would otherwise be lost.
4040h agoThe phase structure of wavefunctions in frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets can be represented as a classical Ising antiferromagnet on a Hilbert graph, making phase reconstruction a combinatorial optimization problem that is worst-case NP-hard.
4040h agoA tunable class of probabilistic context-free grammars helps explain how language structure can be learned from sentences, with correlations at different scales enabling the emergence of hierarchical representations.
4040h agoAn energy-landscape based elasto-plastic model explains the behavior of amorphous solids under uniform and cyclic shear by simulating mesoscopic sub-volumes transitioning between states of different stability and plastic strain.
4040h agoVariability in health outcomes over time carries independent clinical significance, and a new statistical model can characterize this variability alongside mean trends, uncovering clinically relevant information missed by traditional analyses.
4040h agoMutations in the Fmr1 gene cause Fragile X syndrome, which disrupts motor function, but the spinal cord's locomotor circuitry remains largely intact, with impairments likely arising from problems in higher-level brain circuits.
4040h agoNeuroVLM, a new model architecture, learns from 30,000 human neuroimage-text pairs to generate and rank neuroimages and text, enabling applications such as generating atlases from text and interpreting neuroimages.
4040h agoComorbid HIV and cocaine use is linked to accelerated structural brain aging, which is associated with increased likelihood of cognitive impairment.
4040h agoOctopamine and tyramine neurons influence various physiological and behavioral processes, and researchers have now created tools to selectively access and study these neurons in fruit flies.
4040h agoCervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation does not engage leg muscle motoneurons via long-range spinal connections, and instead, electrode placement near the iliac crests directly recruits efferent fibers to produce leg muscle responses.
4040h agoHippocampal circuitry achieves stable memory and sequential dynamics by breaking symmetry, which allows it to balance stability and flow in sequence generation.
4040h agoVIP+ interneurons in the retina play a dual role, synchronizing some ganglion cells electrically while inhibiting others chemically, to shape retinal output.
4044h agoThe HNRNPH2-R114W mutation disrupts RNA processing, leading to changes in gene expression and splicing in human cortical organoids, particularly affecting neuronal and metabolic programs.
4044h agoNeuronal alpha-synuclein pathology in Lewy body disease is associated with microglial reactivity in the hippocampus, and this association may influence clinical outcomes and the spread of pathology.
4044h agoMales and females exhibit sex-specific changes in hormone levels and gene expression after traumatic brain injury, with differences in immune responses, tissue remodeling, and hormone correlations between sexes.
4044h agoAlzheimer's Disease shows individual-level molecular deviations in proteomic data, with distinct subgroups identified based on shared patterns of functional dysregulation, and these deviations correlate with clinical metrics and neuropathological burden.
4044h agoA 2-hour hypothermia protocol provides the best neuroprotection in a preclinical model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, outperforming 3 and 5 hour protocols.
4044h agoManipulation of mGluR2/3 receptors worsens anorexia nervosa-like symptoms in mice, by decreasing food intake and increasing physical activity.
4048h agoAging increases inflammatory markers in the brain, and cannabis exposure causes age-dependent changes in cytokine profiles in the hippocampus, tending to increase inflammation in young mice and decrease it in aged mice.
4048h agoDopaminergic neurotoxic stress induces HERV-K activation, which is associated with alterations in oxidative stress defenses, survival signaling pathways, and protein homeostasis, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can attenuate this activation.
4048h agoA maternal high-fat diet causes sex-specific changes in the retinas of offspring, affecting microglial and Muller cell activity differently in males and females.
4048h agoChanges in the gut microbiome after spinal cord injury do not influence the spontaneous regeneration of descending axons in lampreys.
4048h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex encodes object locations through dynamic neural activity, with a small set of stable cells and a larger set of fluctuating neurons that form stable representations at the network level.
4048h agoA new brain-mimicking phantom helps develop neural interfaces by replicating the effects of inserting electrodes into the brain, allowing for low-cost and fast testing of new electrode designs.
4052h agoAction timing aligns with ongoing breathing rhythms when people freely choose when to act, and acting during inhalation disrupts breathing more than acting during exhalation.
4052h agoAn automated framework accurately reconstructs three intracortical signal-defined layers from routine MRI scans, providing whole-cortex morphometry and regional organization.
4052h agoPersistent inward currents in motoneurons play a role in the sense of force by affecting motor unit firing, and their inhibition alters voluntary force control.
4052h agoThe putamen plays a key role in organizing language and tool use by controlling goal-dependent sequence integrity.
4052h agoThe brain organizes motor memory based on the relative progress of an action, allowing for flexible reuse of learned movements across different speeds, sizes, and contexts.
4052h agoEmotional experiences affect the organization of brain regions, and using film fMRI with emotional annotations can help extract subject-specific information related to individual differences in state anxiety and openness.
4052h agoPeripheral inflammation is linked to specific changes in brain activity in schizophrenia, particularly increased synchrony in the default mode network and reduced synchrony in sensorimotor networks.
4052h agoA new framework for analyzing brain connections over time improves the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements by keeping individual brain pathways fixed and only changing their density weights.
4052h agoSpatial attention shapes the initial sensory trace of iconic memory by increasing initial stimulus availability at attended locations and suppressing information at unattended locations.
4052h agoDifferent types of neurons have different tendencies to develop tau pathology, with some entorhinal cortex neurons being particularly prone to developing pathological tau species.
4052h agoMitochondrial dysfunction following spinal cord injury shows distinct patterns at different time points, with functional deficits occurring early, increased mitochondrial fragmentation in the sub-acute phase, and mitochondrial recovery in the chronic phase.
4052h agoA new method called MANDT aligns neural dynamics into a shared space, enabling the extraction of consistent neural representations that improve brain-computer interface performance across different recording sessions, subjects, and task contexts.
4052h agoThe locus coeruleus (LC) shows a specific organization with the cortex that changes with age, particularly during negative emotional processing, leading to reduced functional differentiation and poorer emotional wellbeing.
4052h agoWalking towards a goal involves complex interactions between visual direction, gaze, and local motion patterns on the ground plane, which help control locomotion and balance.
4052h agoHigher well-being is associated with mood variability and responsiveness to recent experiences, while depressive symptoms are linked to greater mood stability and reliance on earlier events.
4056h agoA new method called MV-ComBat effectively reduces batch effects in neuroimaging data by jointly harmonizing multiple metrics.
4060h agoMelanocortin 3 receptor neurons in the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis play a key role in regulating feeding behaviors, responses to stress, and defensive behaviors, and this neural circuit is sexually dimorphic.
4060h agoThe human hindbrain's cellular diversity and developmental processes are now mapped through a comprehensive multi-omics atlas that links gene regulation to development and disease.
4060h agoThe hippocampus achieves both local fidelity and global searchability in cognitive maps through complementary mechanisms, allowing mice to efficiently search for safe refuges.
4060h agoDivergent thinking ability is closely linked to semantic memory, and episodic simulation ability is linked to both episodic and semantic memory.
4060h agoTRACR, a new transsynaptic tool, labels and allows genetic manipulation of postsynaptic neurons, enabling characterization of neural circuits and their dysfunction.
4060h agoA protein called BLTP2 is highly enriched in neural pathways from the prefrontal cortex to the amygdala and plays a crucial role in synaptic structure, transmission, and memory formation by promoting presynaptic assembly.
4060h agoA mathematical representation of syntactic objects can be constructed in a function space, allowing for a faithful representation of arbitrary syntactic structures.
4064h agoA physical system can follow agent-level determination without violating physical laws if it has a dual-laws system where the higher level has its own dynamical laws independent of the lower level.
4064h agoSynchronization of bursting events in relativistic electron bunches can be achieved by modulating the electric field in a radiofrequency cavity with an external sinusoidal signal.
4064h agoDubrovin-Frobenius manifolds can be used to construct the BKP and CKP hierarchies, utilizing the orbifold version of Saito theory for isolated singularities with a symmetry group.
4064h agoCorrelation diagrams of vibrational energy levels reveal quantum manifestations of chaos in molecular states, and show how regular classical structures appear as emerging diabatic states.
4064h agoA threshold-based resource redistribution process allows populations to survive at lower resource densities, but leads to a more uneven network with locally centralized clusters.
4064h agoNonlinear quadrupole topological insulators exhibit nonlinear topological corner states and topologically trivial corner solitons in electric circuit lattices.
4064h agoDissipative soliton resonance arises naturally on the energy-scalable branch of the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, providing a pathway toward high-energy femtosecond pulse oscillators.
4064h agoA new control method called uncertainty-aware reservoir predictive path integral (URPPI) combines neural networks and model predictive control to quickly learn and control unknown nonlinear systems, reducing control costs by up to 60%.
4064h agoThe enstrophy flux in 2D turbulence with linear friction is suppressed in the cascade, causing the small-scale vorticity field to be passively transported by the large-scale flow.
4064h agoTraining the synaptic nonlinearity in physical neural networks yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance-parameter scaling than conventional linear weight-based networks.
4064h agoThe structure of language can be learned from sentences alone through a probabilistic context-free grammar framework that links data statistics to sample complexity and learnability.
4064h agoThe energy-landscape based elasto-plastic model explains the behavior of amorphous solids under uniform and cyclic shear by simulating mesoscopic sub-volumes transitioning between states.
4064h agoA closed system of low-dimensional and continuous-time equations characterizes the asymptotic distribution of stochastic gradient flow parameters in high-dimensional models.
4064h agoLarge language models display rare events during inference, and a new framework helps analyze these unusual behaviors that are hard to see but likely to occur at large scale.
4064h agoTopology constrains dynamics in systems with antagonistic interactions, shaping their energy landscape and leading to robust multistable phases and non-ergodicity.
4064h agoA universal topological marker can quantify the influence of disorder on topological order, and a kernel polynomial method efficiently calculates this marker in higher dimensions.
4064h agoTraining the synaptic nonlinearity in physical neural networks yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance-parameter scaling than conventional linear weight-based networks.
4064h agoThe presence of a geometry-dependent skin effect in non-Hermitian systems in two and higher dimensions allows an infinitesimal impurity potential to confine bound states.
4064h agoRandom graphs with link probabilities conditioned on other links can be represented by a generalized statistical mechanical formalism, which reveals the irrelevance of certain pair-wise conditioning at long wavelengths.
4064h agoIdeal ultrastable glasses have a high degree of local centrosymmetry, which explains their ultra-high shear modulus and the absence of certain soft vibrational modes.
4064h agoA tensor-network approach solves classical optimization problems by transforming the cost function into a matrix product operator and sampling it in the computational basis.
4064h agoSublattice melting in superionic conductors happens when the carrier sublattice becomes fluid-like while the host lattice remains crystalline, allowing for fast ion transport.
4064h agoCombining a biomaterial bridge with a microtubule stabilizer promotes axon regeneration, improves locomotor function, and enhances neural repair in chronic spinal cord injuries.
4068h agoLGI1 interacts with gangliosides and helps organize lipid membrane platforms that accommodate functional protein complexes, and its loss may reduce expression of key ion channels.
4068h agoA small burn causes a large area of skin to become painfully tender because peripheral sensory nerves interact and change their function, leading to increased pain signaling.
4068h agoMale mosquitoes locate females by being attracted to their flight sounds, but females do not show this behavior, and a specific gene called fruitless helps control this ability in males.
4068h agoBaseline disruptions in functional network integration differentiate high-risk older adults who later develop mild cognitive impairment from those who remain cognitively stable.
4084h agoThe axonal action potential propagation in neocortical parvalbumin-expressing interneurons remains robust during moderate frequency activity but changes during high-frequency activity, leading to decreased calcium influx and synaptic transmission.
4084h agoThe dynamic activity and plasticity of inhibitory interneurons in the infralimbic cortex is critical for encoding fear extinction, with parvalbumin interneurons driving fear and somatostatin interneurons facilitating extinction memory.
4084h agoActivity-dependent homeostatic plasticity helps neural circuits recover from disruptions by tuning neuronal ion conductances, and it works best when average neural activity levels are unique to the circuit's specific function.
4084h agoFunctional ultrasound imaging resolves brain-wide cortical and subcortical networks in mice with high accuracy, matching results from other imaging methods.
4088h agoWhite matter functional connectivity is altered in Alzheimer's disease, with changes in connectivity between white matter and gray matter networks appearing even before overt dementia.
4092h agoCortical geometry and distance-dependent activity correlations guide the emergence of multiple higher-order retinotopic maps with systematic spatial relationships across the neocortex.
4092h agoFruit flies can perceive time intervals and use them to predict food sources, and their ability to discriminate between time intervals depends on the ratio of their durations.
4092h agoThe MATLAB Module identifies bad channels in EEG recordings by combining channel-level features and grouping similar channels for review, allowing users to validate and correct the labels through an interactive interface.
4092h agoA dataset combining EEG and fMRI scans from 24 healthy adults provides a detailed look at brain activity and mental experiences during tasks and resting states on two separate days.
4092h agoPrimate neural activity in the primary visual cortex is driven by visual input and organized by the temporal structure of natural gaze behavior, and distinct phases of gaze movement engage different responses.
4092h agoAstrocyte-specific deletion of monoacylglycerol lipase reduces seizure susceptibility and neurodegeneration by preventing pro-inflammatory astrocyte states and activating cannabinoid receptor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling.
4092h agoAdult zebrafish can fully recover from spinal cord injuries because special stem cells called sox2+ progenitors expand, self-renew, and differentiate into neurons and glia to repair the damage.
4092h agoPhosphoinositides dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha activity are essential for the postnatal function and survival of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, and their loss leads to infertility due to underdeveloped gonads and reproductive organs.
4092h agoBrain predictions of sensory movement consequences are adjusted during action preparation, and these predictions affect eye-hand coordination and pupil responses during action execution.
4092h agoTHC from cannabis readily crosses the placental barrier, resulting in high concentrations in the fetal brain of both prairie voles and laboratory rats.
4092h agoMost studies claiming sex-specific effects in behavioral and brain sciences do not provide statistical evidence to support the claim.
4092h agoCircadian neurons from a nocturnal mammal and a diurnal insect exhibit similar daily rhythms in key properties that encode time-of-day, but use distinct electrophysiological mechanisms, reflecting evolutionary adaptation to their respective environmental demands.
4092h agoMonoamine modulation improves behavioral changes caused by neurexin loss, and the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine is a potential lead compound for treating conditions associated with neurexin loss.
4092h agoCACNA1G/CaV3.1 regulates sleep-dependent brain dynamics, linking it to molecular homeostasis and behavior, and its deficiency causes disruptions in sleep patterns, brain rhythms, and gene regulation similar to those seen in schizophrenia.
4092h agoArousal levels affect decision-making strategies in humans and rodents, following an inverted-U relationship where engaged decision-making is most likely at moderate arousal levels.
4092h agoThe perception of effort mainly reflects the magnitude of the central motor command, and people do not feel effort when muscle contractions are evoked without brain input.
4092h agoChronic stress reshapes metabolic regulation by inducing a hypoinsulinemic state with enhanced insulin sensitivity, and this metabolic change is associated with depressive-like behaviors.
4092h agoSensory codes represent stimuli based on their role in behavior, and behavioral demands largely determine how sensory information is encoded throughout the brain.
4092h agoGroup A Streptococcus infections cause brain problems in children by triggering a specific signaling pathway involving IL17A and IL17RA in microglia cells.
4096h agoEarly sensory deprivation causes a coordinated reorganization of cortical networks, with different types of neurons contributing distinctively to changes in connectivity and plasticity.
4108h agoNoradrenaline induces prolonged motor arrest by signaling through cerebrospinal fluid via receptors on ependymal radial glia, leading to inhibition of brainstem commands to the spinal cord.
4108h agoSample size determines the reliability of EEG research, with small samples producing unstable associations and larger cohorts yielding reproducible but smaller effects.
4108h agoThe human cortex has distinct functional connectivity patterns that vary by layer, with deep, middle, and superficial layers showing different connectivity profiles, and these layer-specific patterns relate to a sensory-to-limbic gradient of cytoarchitectural differentiation and hierarchical information flow.
4108h agoAttention to audiovisual working memory contents operates on the level of bound cross-modal objects, not individual unisensory features, and selecting individual object features in one modality affects cross-modal object features in another modality.
4108h agoHuman microglia accelerate neuronal network development and rescue hyperactive network phenotypes by modulating immune factors, including the key protein CCL4.
4108h agoSynaptic hyperexcitability and mitochondrial dysfunction emerge early in Alzheimer's disease, causing region-specific neuronal vulnerability before substantial amyloid plaque deposition.
4108h agoThe human auditory system can partially adapt to extreme outer-ear acoustics similar to those of barn owls, and learn to use binaural cues to infer sound elevation.
4108h agoThe dominant inhibitory cell type affecting excitatory neurons dynamically varies with stimulus and space, and different cell types play distinct roles in context-dependent processing and circuit stability.
4108h agoHunger helps animals overcome pain to get food by activating a specific brain circuit that reduces pain response when food is present.
4108h agoMicroglia have enriched glutathione and polyamine metabolism, which decreases with aging and in Alzheimer's disease, and plays a role in regulating chemokine-related gene expression and preventing beta amyloid deposition.
4108h agoA novel gene therapy system uses microRNA to regulate ion channel expression, allowing for controlled treatment of chronic diseases.
4112h agoA new method using three simple scalp measurements accurately localizes deep brain targets without needing MRI or neuronavigation, achieving a mean localization error of 3.82 mm in 50 healthy adults.
4112h agoThe state of vestibular signalling impacts the prediction of object motion, with people estimating time differently when standing versus lying down or when receiving disruptive vestibular stimulation.
4116h agoHuman midbrain neurons are modulated by cognitive boundaries, and their responses influence memory by carrying signals that help encode and retrieve episodic memories.
4116h agoDistance plays a key role in visuo-tactile integration, with neurons in the mouse posterior parietal cortex integrating visual and tactile information differently depending on the distance of the object.
4116h agoOptical methods now enable recordings from over 100,000 neurons using a standard commercial microscope, and a new software collection called Suite2p efficiently processes these large datasets.
4116h agoOSCAR, a new normative modelling framework, detects condition-related deviations in brain connectivity patterns and identifies regions sensitive to specific tasks or diseases, such as conflict processing, object-location memory, lexical learning, and early psychosis.
4120h agoAmygdala subregions have different functional connections that change with age, and these connections are linked to emotional resilience, cognitive function, and large-scale brain networks.
4120h agoHomeostatic sleep pressure and circadian rhythms work together to govern sleep-wake cycles through circadian-modulated thresholds that link sleep-wake transitions, recovery dynamics, and sleepiness.
4120h agoThe Receptor-Constrained Dynamical Topology (RCDT) hypothesis proposes that neuromodulatory drugs reorganize whole-brain dynamics through local ligand-receptor binding events and spatially heterogeneous gain modulation.
4120h agoA behavior-informed modeling framework helps to accurately interpret brain-wide functional ultrasound imaging signals during naturalistic behaviors with motion, by accounting for movement-related activity.
4120h agoEpileptic seizures that start with a sudden change in brain activity are less likely to spread and spread more slowly than seizures that start without this change.
4120h agoThe pop-GLM model estimates coupling between populations of neurons more efficiently and detects coupling effects with greater sensitivity than traditional models.
4120h agoLoneliness is linked with younger age, being male, unmarried, and living alone, and its effects on brain networks vary by age, with loneliness relating to local interconnectivity in younger people and older age relating to lower functional connectivity and less modular brain organization.
4120h agoCells drift off to repair DNA.
4124h agoCalcium spikes can flip signals.
4124h agoSatellite glia provide fuel to neurons.
4124h agoOrganoids replicate the variation in brain growth.
4124h agoMotor recovery after stroke is characterized by a gradual decrease in flexor-synergy intrusion and improvement in task performance over time, but strength remains impaired, and both factors contribute to functional ability at different stages of recovery.
4124h agoThe temporal integration of tactile signals during self-touch is predicted by individual beta frequency, which determines the experience of body ownership.
4124h agoThe hippocampus, specifically the right side, uses rapid memory replay to help people find solutions to problems without conscious awareness before suddenly becoming aware of the solution.
4132h agoThe spinal cord contains diverse cell types that are crucial for motor function, sensory processing, and autonomic regulation, and a comprehensive molecular characterization of these cell types in human, macaque, and mouse spinal cord reveals both conserved and species-specific features.
4132h agoAstrocytes help animals adapt to changing situations by changing how their brains process information, specifically by altering neural computations to meet new demands.
4132h agoThe timing of experience fundamentally constrains the refinement of neural representations in higher-order visual cortex, which remains plastic beyond early development but retains lasting signatures of early experience.
4132h agoSemantic representations can be viewed as a dynamic knowledge space that humans navigate to retrieve and manipulate meaning, and a new framework represents concept production as navigation through embedding space, capturing metrics such as distance, entropy, velocity, and acceleration.
4136h agoThe attention mechanism used in transformer architecture better predicts brain activity during natural scene viewing than alternative methods by dynamically routing retinotopic visual features to category-selective areas.
4136h agoAn active soft-impact oscillator model reveals a wide variety of nonlinear behaviors and bifurcations, including transitions between periodic and chaotic motion, driven by impact and grazing events.
4136h agoExtremal solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation converge to a deterministic profile governed by either the Painlevé-III or Painlevé-V equation, depending on the macroscopic structure of the spectrum.
4136h agoThermal out-of-time-order correlators in single-particle quantum systems show a crossover from quantum chaos to magnetic rigidity, with Lyapunov-like exponents mapping out this transition with temperature and magnetic field.
4136h agoVegetation in semi-arid ecosystems organizes into irregular clusters and dynamic mosaics due to the interaction between pulsed rainfall, local biological interactions, and environmental variability, which determines ecosystem resilience.
4136h agoHeteroclinic connections between distinct hyperbolic periodic orbits in conservative systems emerge from a codimension two singularity in a family of periodic orbits.
4136h agoAdaptive behaviors based on higher-order information more effectively limit the spread of a contagion and have a lower social cost than those based on pairwise information.
4136h agoSpiral waves in a model for geometric curve evolution exist in a specific parameter regime and can be stable or unstable, exhibiting convective and absolute oscillatory instability, as well as saddle-node bifurcations.
4136h agoA positive increase in maximum temperature is found in Imphal, Northeast India, with a data-driven model reproducing temperature dynamics and deriving underlying physical principles.
4136h agoThe distance between solutions to the integrable KdV equation and a broad class of non-integrable gKdV equations remains close over long time intervals for initial amplitudes approaching unity, but deviates at an explicit rate for larger amplitudes.
4136h agoA two-parameter ensemble of Markov models captures critical slowing down and broken detailed balance in human brain dynamics, with findings showing that brain activity operates near a critical point and has similar patterns across different modalities.
4136h agoA linear relation exists between structure profiles and disorder-induced responses of glass properties, holding universally across glassy systems with varying dimensions and distinct interaction types.
4136h agoThe analysis of the continuous random-field Ising model reveals that the weak-disorder limit yields a physical field decomposition into correlated components with distinct scaling dimensions and a characteristic 1/p^4 behavior, while the strong-disorder regime results in an exact diagonal quadratic action with a discrete spectrum of massive modes and no conventional criticality.
4136h agoThe phase structure of wavefunctions in frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets can be represented as a classical Ising antiferromagnet on a Hilbert graph, linking wavefunction sign structure to combinatorial optimization.
4136h agoMeasurement-induced phase transitions give rise to novel dynamical states of quantum matter by balancing unitary evolution and measurements.
4136h agoPhase separation in multi-component liquid mixtures is delayed by glass-like relaxation and the emergence of long-lived metastable states.
4136h agoNeural networks organize information according to the hierarchical structure of natural data, and a new research agenda called scale-aware interpretability proposes using the renormalisation framework from physics to develop tools that track how features compose across resolutions.
4136h agoA tensor-network approach solves classical optimization problems by transforming the cost function into a matrix product operator and sampling in the computational basis, providing a straightforward route to systematic improvement and avoiding local minima.
4136h agoThe Branch-and-Bound Tensor Network (BBTN) method solves complex problems in statistical physics and combinatorial optimization more efficiently than existing methods, setting new benchmarks and pushing the boundaries of tractability to previously unreachable scales.
4136h agoSublattice melting in superionic conductors originates from a chemically neutral binary model with a rigid host lattice and a soft carrier sublattice interacting via long-range forces.
4136h agoGrokking in machine learning occurs when test accuracy increases later than training accuracy, and it happens through a transition from a connected network to sparse subnetworks that identify global features and reduce classification errors.
4136h agoThe Landauer-Büttiker formula is extended to describe particle and energy currents with gain or loss in a finite region, revealing novel effects including current generation from asymmetry, disorder, and bond loss.
4136h agoThe optimal search strategy for finding a target with a given spatial distribution in a one-dimensional domain involves a bulk resetting rate that depends on the target distribution and exhibits a second-order transition from no bulk resetting to bulk resetting.
4136h agoPersistent charge and spin currents exist in a ferromagnetic Hatano-Nelson ring with anti-Hermitian intradimer hopping, and disorder can amplify spin currents.
4136h agoFm theta downregulation through neurofeedback training does not improve volleyball setting anticipation performance in novices and may even lead to increased Fm theta synchronization.
4136h agoChanges in oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular matrix in the aging hippocampus cause cognitive decline, and targeting these changes can restore cognition.
4136h agoM2 axons strongly excite corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex through monosynaptic connections, and this excitation is accompanied by feedforward inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing neurons.
4136h agoMulti-echo fMRI techniques improve the quality of cerebrovascular reactivity measurements in people with stroke, particularly in low signal-to-noise datasets.
4136h agoRNA granules can be visualized in live mouse brain tissue using a novel method, revealing new details about their dynamics and heterogeneity across different cell types.
4136h agoSynaptic loss in the retina is linked to the accumulation of abnormal proteins, oxidative stress, and a specific protein imbalance, and it predicts cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
4136h agoTraumatic brain injury enhances the proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus at the acute stage, but this response is abolished without Notch1, and instead drives these cells to become neurons.
4136h agoBifurcations in molecular Hamiltonian systems lead to classical resonances as excitation energy increases, which manifest as quantum resonances with corresponding energies in the quantum system.
4140h agoFlexible decision making in changing environments involves adjusting how sensory information is encoded, which helps to accumulate evidence for making choices.
4140h agoA new method reframes multi-exposure speckle imaging (MESI) parameter estimation as a globally shared inverse operator, producing more stable and spatially coherent maps of blood flow while reducing computation time.
4140h agoTemporal lobe epilepsy patients show greater errors in recalling the sequence of events in a film compared to healthy controls, despite similar recall of overall events.
4140h agoA right-lateralized frontoparietal network, involving regions near the intraparietal sulcus and supplementary motor area, causally supports audiovisual temporal integration.
4144h agoThe Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) presents a standard for organizing eye-tracking data and metadata, including gaze position and pupil data, to improve transparency and reliability of results.
4144h agoA Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach integrating finite element modeling with neural network techniques solves the magnetoencephalography (MEG) forward and inverse problems, achieving a mean localization error of 0.45 cm, a 46% improvement over traditional methods.
4144h agoMutations in SBF1/MTMR5 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 4B3, leading to degeneration of peripheral nervous system neurons, and a new model using human stem cells shows that motor neurons are most affected and can be rescued with a specific inhibitor.
4144h agoA new framework for mapping laminar brain activity using functional MRI at 5.0 T enables noninvasive access to cortical microcircuitry with high reliability and reproducibility, producing laminar profiles that match established findings at higher field strengths.
4144h agoSubpopulations of neurons in the auditory cortex are selective to either repetitive or irregular sound patterns, and neural activity during the silent periods between sounds plays a crucial role in this selectivity.
4144h agoChoroid plexus macrophages have diverse origins and their immune dynamics are shaped by these distinct developmental origins.
4152h agoArtificial intelligence applied to brain magnetic resonance imaging can transform neurological care with a new foundation model called BrainIAC that works across different clinical tasks with limited training data.
4152h agoThe brain's intrinsic activity is organized in a hierarchical architecture where some neural systems act as orchestrators that broadcast information and others serve as integrators that transform incoming signals, and this organization is related to human intelligence.
4156h agoOrofacial movements and eye movements explain less of the neural activity variance in mouse visual cortex than previously thought, with orofacial behaviors having a stronger correlation.
4156h agoMusic helps organize visual event memory by enhancing boundary detection and sequential organization through coordinated modulation of the hippocampus.
4156h agoMicroglial phagocytic activity and morphology change differently across subregions of the hippocampus as they develop from mid-postnatal age to early adulthood.
4156h agoPrenatal stress combined with a genetic vulnerability disrupts normal brain development and increases the risk of ADHD-like behaviors in mice.
4156h agoOligodendrocyte precursor cells use different pathways to mature into oligodendrocytes depending on whether the central nervous system needs to adapt to new activity patterns or repair damage.
4156h agoA deep learning model accurately segments lateral ventricles in rodent brain MRIs, enabling 3D ventricle reconstruction, morphological analysis, and ventriculomegaly detection.
4156h agoA specific group of neurons in the central amygdala helps control the force and precision of biting by regulating jaw muscle activity and modulating biting behavior.
4156h agoActivation of C fibres increases action potential propagation in proprioceptive Ia afferents, while serotonin inhibits C fibre activity, which in turn reduces proprioceptive transmission to motoneurons.
4156h agoA new model of the brain's navigation system uses a toroidal network to accurately encode an animal's 3-D head direction, combining horizontal and vertical information to replicate real brain cell activity.
4156h agoDreaming plays an important role in learning and memory consolidation, with random signals during dream sleep contributing to these intellectual functions.
4160h agoLarge language models can autonomously discover predictive models of neural circuits that outperform established baselines.
4160h agoBrainVista, a multimodal autoregressive framework, models the causal evolution of brain states by incorporating novel components that capture system-specific dynamics and inter-network information flow, achieving state-of-the-art fMRI encoding performance.
4160h agoModified Exponential Arrival Time (EAT) method improves simulation of Poisson-distributed latent variable models, providing unbiased results and better performance than other methods.
4160h agoThe method MILCCI identifies interpretable components in large-scale temporal data, captures variability across trials, and integrates label information to understand the representation of each category within the data.
4160h agoA probabilistic framework uses stochastic differential equations and neural networks to model biological neural systems, allowing for competitive predictions of neural and behavioral responses with fewer parameters.
4160h agoBiological memory stores specific facts without corrupting general knowledge by using two separate systems, whereas current AI systems fail to do so because they lack this separation, causing semantic interference that degrades memory accuracy.
4160h agoTissue conductivity variations within the cortex affect electric field simulations in neural stimulation, with conductivity increasing with depth from layer 2 to 6.
4160h agoPeriod-doubling bifurcations in discrete dynamical systems exhibit critical slowing down, which can be described by universal critical exponents that characterise the convergence to a stationary state at and near the bifurcation point.
4160h agoDeautonomisation of birational maps with non-confined singularities is crucial to understanding integrability of higher order maps.
4160h agoEmerging higher-codimension points act as organizing centers for the nonequilibrium phase diagram, featuring various steady and dynamic phases, in a two-field Swift-Hohenberg model with linear nonreciprocal interactions.
4160h agoA novel symmetry decomposition approach derives Painleve solitons of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system that propagate against a background governed by a Painleve transcendent.
4160h agoThe spectral structure of the advection-diffusion operator in mixed phase space flows is organized into three distinct classes of eigenmodes: advective modes, diffusive modes, and tunneling modes, which are controlled by local Lagrangian phase-space geometry.
4160h agoBifurcations in molecular Hamiltonian nonlinear systems lead to classical resonances as excitation energy increases, which manifest as quantum resonances representing series of avoided crossings of eigenenergies.
4160h agoThe proposed framework uses category theory to extend the classical definition of cellular automata beyond set-theoretic constraints, allowing for generalized cellular automata to be defined for any category with products.
4160h agoReinforcement learning provides a unified framework for understanding how cooperation, fairness, trust, and resource coordination emerge in human and natural systems.
4160h agoThe Lyapunov exponent remains positive even at zero temperature in extremal black holes, showing that chaos persists and violates the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford chaos bound.
4160h agoPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) accurately predict the existence, evolution, and structural features of quantum droplets in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate.
4160h agoThe generalized scheme of quantum mechanics connects to nonlinear systems, including the Li\'{e}nard family of differential equations, which can have stable equilibrium points, solutions involving Jacobi elliptic functions, and solitonic-like solutions.
4160h agoThe study characterizes the integrability of generalized spin systems in 1+1 dimensions and finds Lax representations and gauge equivalent counterparts for these systems, also establishing gauge equivalence between some Zhanbota equations and six Painleve equations.
4160h agoThe study finds that various types of nonlinear wave solutions, including soliton and breather waves, exist for the (n+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation with a Jacobi elliptic function as the external potential.
4160h agoThe logistic Game of Life shows scale-invariant dynamics emerging from purely deterministic interactions, with three distinct phases separated by two critical points.
4160h agoThe dimensionality of physical systems determines their universal properties at criticality, and structural perturbations can trigger a geometric breakdown that induces non-trivial fractal dimensions.
4160h agoCombining Gaussian process regression with dynamic mode decomposition alleviates problems with kernel-based Koopman algorithms, including high computational demands and sensitivity to sensor noise.
4160h agoThe Discrete Non Linear Schrödinger model shows an equilibrium transition between a homogeneous phase at positive temperature and a localized phase at negative temperature.
4160h agoLocalized field configurations with finite energy exist in a 2+1 dimensional model, characterized by a U(1) frequency and winding number, and possess Noether charge and non-trivial angular momentum.
4160h agoThe Fisher information and CR complexity distinguish the dynamic regions of the logistic map, maximizing in the regular behavior and varying near the Pameau-Maneville scenario.
4160h agoA niobium oxide-based memristor device with random nanopores performs computational tasks such as XOR operations, image recognition, and time series prediction and reconstruction using reservoir computing.
4160h agoSmall changes in the structure of disordered materials can cause big jumps in their electrical resistance, especially when the changes occur near the source or sink of the electrical current.
4160h agoThe optimal learning rate schedule for a deep learning model trained with stochastic gradient descent depends on the model's properties and task, following a polynomial decay in the easy phase and a warmup-stable-decay schedule in the hard phase.
4160h agoReinforcement learning provides a unified framework for understanding how cooperation, fairness, trust, and resource coordination emerge in human and natural systems.
4160h agoThe Sub-Optimal Transport (SOT) model describes how systems balance entropy and cost minimization, and a new mean-field theory characterizes the transition between entropy-dominated and cost-dominated configurations.
4160h agoDiffusion models undergo speciation transitions, where trajectories become committed to data classes, and a new theory characterizes these transitions for arbitrary target distributions.
4160h agoThe La2-xSrxCuO4+delta system shows a continuous crossover from an insulating state to granular superconductivity and then to a coherent metallic state as carrier concentration increases.
4160h agoRydberg tweezer arrays with positional disorder and dimerization exhibit a localized phase that does not resemble standard many-body localization, and host an extensive fraction of symmetry-protected topological states.
4160h agoHarmonic chains with random spring constants and masses exhibit low frequency spectral density and localization properties that follow power-law behaviours with phase transitions occurring at specific distribution parameter values.
4160h agoHigher-order interactions in contagion processes are equivalent to pairwise mechanisms and are governed by pairwise interactions at coarse-grained scales.
4160h agoThe dimensionality of physical systems determines their universal properties at criticality, and structural perturbations can trigger a geometric breakdown that induces non-trivial fractal dimensions.
4160h agoDisorder can induce superfluidity in certain systems when more than two energy levels are available per site, leading to regions with non-vanishing condensate fraction and the emergence of a linearly-dispersing phonon mode.
4160h agoA new algorithm can train analog computing systems using a graph theoretic framework to calculate gradients, enabling energy-efficient machine learning with locality constraints.
4164h agoIdeal ultrastable glasses have a high degree of local centrosymmetry, which explains their ultra-high shear modulus and the absence of boson peak-like soft vibrational modes.
4164h agoAPOE ε4 defines a persistent systemic proteomic endophenotype in ALS characterized by immune and inflammatory biology that relates to disease progression.
4164h agoDendrites grow asymmetrically in response to spatiotemporal activity patterns, with starburst amacrine cells transforming retinal wave propagation into direction-selective dendrite growth.
4164h agoBilingualism is associated with higher executive function in older Mandarin-speaking adults, especially those who are cognitively impaired.
4164h agoDRG stimulation activates C-fiber afferents more easily than electrical peripheral nerve stimulation, and this is due to the presence of sodium channel subtype NaV1.6 in the stem axons of DRG neurons.
4164h agoParkinson's Disease research finds shared dysregulated pathways across genetic and environmental models, including a glia-specific role in purine nucleotide metabolism that may protect against pesticide neurotoxicity.
4164h agoHigher heart rate variability during REM sleep is associated with better retention of extinction memory in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.
4164h agoGrid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex code for position and velocity together, with some cells showing interactions between these properties that can't be seen when looking at each one separately.
4168h agoStroke triggers a shared inflammatory response in two areas of the brain, with microglial reactivity being a key early process for post-stroke cortical plasticity in both male and female mice.
4168h agoBrain and heart signals can assess attention levels, and combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy and heart rate variability data provides the best accuracy in classifying sustained attention states.
4168h agoAmyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease form complex environments in the brain that change over time and involve multiple cell types.
4168h agoEntropy measures, specifically alpha/theta temporal entropy, are the most reliable indicators for detecting dementia, enabling classification performance comparable to complex deep learning methods.
4168h agoThe method based on dynamic connectivity between two brain areas improves the accuracy of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback training by increasing signal-to-noise-ratio and correlating with emotional states.
4168h agoPrefrontal cortex and premotor cortex use different neural processes to make flexible decisions, with prefrontal cortex creating complex representations to map sensory input to motor action and premotor cortex only representing the chosen action.
4168h agoVariability in search templates across categories and individual observers slows down visual search performance when searching for objects at the category level.
4168h agoThe human visual claustrum has a unique topographic organization, showing several properties typical of visual areas, including a bias towards the contralateral visual field and a specific pattern of representation across the visual field.
4168h agoMental imagery is represented in distributed and partially overlapping neural networks across auditory and visual modalities in the brain.
4168h agoBackground noise disrupts auditory processing in hidden hearing loss by degrading the ability of auditory nerve fibers to lock onto sound frequencies, leading to reduced sound localization ability.
4168h agoAlzheimer's disease arises from changes in proteins in different brain cell types, with 3,028 proteins showing abnormal levels, including cross-cell signaling proteins that can activate microglia.
4176h agoNeuronal correlations and geometry collectively determine readout generalization across tasks, and follow distinct trajectories over the course of learning.
4180h agoOligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate synapses in response to activity by releasing vesicles that help stabilize retinal ganglion cell pre-synapses.
4180h agoEnhanced Ba2+-sensitive potassium conductance reduces excitability in auditory cortex neurons of mice with Fragile X syndrome, and this altered ionic mechanism may help stabilize output in response to increased excitatory drive.
4180h agoDifferences in dopamine neuron subpopulations are caused by distinct electrophysiological properties, including varied responses to hyperpolarization and pacemaking regularity, which are determined by the recruitment of Kv4 channels and interactions with other ion channels.
4180h agoThe transcription factor ASCL1 regulates the development of glial cells, including their specification, migration, proliferation, and differentiation into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the brain.
4180h agoSkilled deaf readers achieve high reading performance by using alternative strategies of orthographic processing, particularly in processing letter identity, which differs from that of hearing readers.
4180h agoInformation processing in the brain can be measured by estimating active information storage, transfer entropy, and net synergy from task-based fMRI scans, and this approach reveals changes in brain activity as working memory load increases.
4184h agoEEG foundation models, pretrained on large amounts of unlabeled data using transformer architectures and self-supervised learning, are being developed to learn whole-brain representations from multichannel EEG and adapt to various downstream tasks.
4184h agoDifferences in communication preferences between autistic and neurotypical individuals can cause empathy degradation during their interactions.
4184h agoThis study proposes a framework to measure and improve metacognitive ability in large language models by linking internal knowledge to explicit behaviors.
4184h agoA machine learning framework that integrates feature engineering and cross-validation achieves a balanced accuracy of 0.660 on a high-dimensional structural MRI dataset of deep brain stimulation cognitive outcomes.
4184h agoA unified model for all tasks can be developed by using an adversarial construction approach to identify key tasks in a large task space, leading to a more efficient experimental design.
4184h agoA recurrent neural network learns to predict and represent objects and their relations by sequentially sampling and predicting tokens in a scene, demonstrating how structured representations emerge to support prediction.
4184h agoA foveated vision interface based on the human retina and primary visual cortex enables efficient processing of high-resolution images by mimicking the human eye's variable resolution, achieving competitive performance at a lower computational cost.
4184h agoDeep artificial neural networks trained to perform interval timing tasks exhibit oscillatory neural activations similar to those found in biological systems, and use these oscillations to keep time internally.
4184h agoEntropic forces arising from stochasticity and discrete-time updates govern representation learning in neural networks, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations and optimization behaviors.
4184h agoTransformers perform transitive inference by generalizing from adjacent items when trained with in-weights learning, but need pre-training on linear regression tasks to exhibit generalizable transitive inference when using in-context learning.
4184h agoNOBLE, a neural operator framework, learns to predict distributions of neural dynamics that account for the intrinsic experimental variability of neurons, enabling the efficient generation of synthetic neurons that closely resemble experimental data.
4184h agoMutual future avoiding random walks on graphs spontaneously develop periodic behavior, where periodic and unstructured movement patterns coexist.
4184h agoStochastic perturbations regulate density and mitigate singular concentration in interacting particle systems, and the macroscopic density evolution follows a gradient-flow structure.
4184h agoThermalization in isolated classical systems with local interactions occurs due to effective local ergodicity, not global ergodicity.
4184h agoQuantum spin chains solvable via hidden free fermionic structures have algebras that connect to graph-Clifford or quasi-Clifford algebras, and their Hamiltonians can be represented by a defining representation that creates few-body eigenstates.
4184h agoThe hot-electron-limit closure allows for a closed system of equations for density, velocity, and temperatures, reproducing established growth rates, heat transport, and dynamics in certain conditions.
4184h agoSystems with strong quenched randomness and preserved average symmetry exhibit critical correlations of local operators in two distinct ways when spontaneous symmetry breaking is absent.
4184h agoNeural quantum states can be treated as neural approximations to latent imaginary-time evolution, and a new physics-inspired architecture based on this idea achieves high accuracy with fewer parameters.
4184h agoThe study calculates critical exponents of the zero-temperature spin glass transition in a field on a one-dimensional long-range model.
4184h agoThe Spatial Attention mechanism enables highly accurate simulations of large quantum systems, allowing extraction of thermodynamic-limit properties and revealing new insights into magnetic order and sign structures.
4184h agoExcessive pre-training can slow down fine-tuning optimization, even when the pre-training and downstream tasks are well aligned.
4184h agoA new algorithm exactly calculates gradients for analog computing systems, enabling the training of these systems while adhering to locality constraints, and allows for efficient training of resistor networks.
4184h agoIdeal ultrastable glasses have a high degree of local centrosymmetry, which explains their ultra-high shear modulus and the absence of boson peak-like soft vibrational modes.
4184h agoThe study examines the quantum spin dynamics of a N-vector through renormalization group theory, focusing on perturbation theory and vertex expansion to derive one-loop β-functions for specific cases.
4184h agoEntropic forces arising from stochasticity and discrete-time updates govern representation learning in neural networks, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations and optimization behaviors.
4184h agoMagnetization plateaus in quantum magnets provide a way to uncover small amounts of disorder, and spectroscopic lines can serve as a hallmark signature of disorder, allowing for its quantification and characterization.
4184h agoThe transversal CNOT gate reduces the optimal bit-flip error threshold to 0.080, a 26% decrease from the toric code memory threshold, and establishes a method to map transversal Clifford logical circuits to statistical mechanical models to estimate error thresholds.
4184h agoAcute sleep deprivation induces robust, cell-type- and region-specific transcriptional reprogramming in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which are critical for sleep regulation.
4184h agoSpecialized neural mechanisms for face perception can develop from domain-specific visual experience, and broad visual experience supports flexible generalization and face recognition.
4184h agoBody-segment coordination predicts postoperative gait severity in Parkinson's patients with freezing of gait, and is altered by dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation.
4188h agoControlling for site effects is more critical than model complexity for achieving generalisable classification in first-episode schizophrenia, and distribution-alignment methods can help mitigate performance degradation when transferring models across scanning sites.
4188h agoThe brain's visual processing relies on a network that combines specialized visual circuits with broader brain connections to compute visual features and enable flexible sensory processing.
4188h agoSimultaneous wide-field optical imaging and resting-state functional MRI show that the large-scale spatial structure of neural activity is preserved across different methods and time scales.
4188h agoThalamocortical circuits in rodents and primates show species-specific differences in neural dynamics, with rodent circuits being more sensitive to changes in connectivity strength and producing irregular sleep spindles, whereas primate circuits are more stable and generate uniform spindles.
4188h agoA computational model based on the Dot-Linear-Network framework shows that Network cognition outperforms Linear cognition in decision-making by representing shared structure and learning from experience, leading to better expected outcomes and lower exposure penalties.
4188h agoCortical circuits combine muscle-based control with sensory feedback to support skilled hand movements by integrating proprioceptive feedback with predictive motor commands.
4188h agoLow glucose levels and abnormal Tau protein combine to trigger brain cell death through a specific process called necroptosis.
4192h agoRepeated learning reorganizes memory engram cells in the brain, forming a new dual engram that enhances memory precision and strength.
4192h agoThe brain represents subtle differences in object size through a distributed network that combines visual, spatial, and memory information.
4192h agoMesenchymal stem cell administration partially restores vascular impairment and blood-brain barrier disruption in Machado-Joseph disease transgenic mice, improving motor performance.
4192h agoTraining artificial neural networks to recognize faces based on emotion and identity, in addition to using a few individuals with varied expressions, helps them learn face geometry in a humanlike way and generalize to new face tasks.
4192h agoThe FSINC model fuses EEG and fMRI data to accurately reconstruct cortical activity, enabling high-spatiotemporal-resolution source imaging of brain states, including continuous and naturalistic states.
4192h agoAlzheimer's disease progression is characterized by a systemic topological dissolution of the hippocampus, which can be accurately mapped by prioritizing hierarchical shape abstraction.
4192h agoVisual attention focuses mainly on the moving hand during a task that requires one hand to stabilize while the other reaches for a target.
4192h agoCortical excitability is inherently multidimensional, consisting of six separable dimensions with limited redundancy, that relate to distinct physiological processes and neurobiological substrates.
4192h agoBrain connectivity patterns in children and adolescents are linked to psychopathology, and this relationship is organised around specific brain networks and cell types.
4192h agoTargeted protein degradation can eliminate pathogenic autoantibodies while leaving the rest of the immune system intact, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for autoantibody-mediated neurologic diseases.
4192h agoBrain activity aligns between individuals when they interact socially, and specific patterns of within- and between-brain connectivity emerge during collaborative tasks, differing between intergenerational and same-generation dyads.
4196h agoNeural activity in the motor and somatosensory cortices changes with the task of exerting force, and distinct patterns of activity control maintaining and changing forces, even in people with severe spinal cord injuries that prevent movement.
4204h agoOxytocin production decreases with chronic social isolation, but oxytocin treatment or astrocyte activity can prevent this decrease and promote social behaviors.
4204h agoDecisions reorganize option representations in the lateral prefrontal cortex, transforming chosen and unchosen options into distinct neural subspaces that facilitate selective readout of the chosen action.
4204h agoHigher spontaneous eye-blink rate is associated with better executive function and more mature prefrontal cortex activation in young children.
4204h agoThe cerebellum helps animals learn to anticipate rewards by predicting when they will receive them, even when no action is needed to get the reward.
4204h agoInfants as young as 12 months old exhibit self-reflective capacities, including error-tracking and metacognitive control, which predict the emergence of conceptual self-representation six months later.
4204h agoA modular spiking neural network uses spike-timing-dependent plasticity to store and retrieve multiple dynamical patterns through temporally overlapping activations of its modules.
4204h agoChandelier cells show impaired excitability in mice with Dravet Syndrome, a disorder that causes epilepsy and autism-like features.
4204h agoBilinguals' second language processing is delayed compared to their first language, with the delay occurring in specific locations within shared brain networks, varying by task and modality.
4204h agoBrain rhythms can inspire design principles for machine learning algorithms, and a new framework called HoloGraph uses a shared synchronization mechanism to improve the efficiency and robustness of graph neural networks.
4208h agoEEG variability affects reliability and reproducibility in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces, with inter-subject differences typically larger than within-subject fluctuations, and stability varying depending on the specific features and measures used.
4208h agoAI chatbots can pose a mental health risk to users, with harmful responses occurring across most user types and chatbot models, and risk accumulating over multiple conversations.
4208h agoCommunity-level modeling of cortical folding provides a robust framework for individualized cortical characterization and reliable cross-subject correspondence.
4208h agoA machine-learning framework analyzes standard clinical videos to distinguish between hyperkinetic movement disorders by converting them into keypoint time series and computing kinematic descriptors.
4208h agoPre-training with longer contexts helps models learn representations that transfer better to word decoding from brain data, and MEG-XL, pre-trained with 2.5 minutes of context, matches supervised performance with much less data and outperforms brain foundation models.
4208h agoTraveling waves of neural activity are necessary for accurately processing signals that move in physical, visual, or abstract spaces.
4208h agoPaceLLM, a brain-inspired model, improves long-context capabilities of Large Language Models by introducing a Persistent Activity Mechanism and Cortical Expert Clustering, achieving performance gains of up to 17.5% on long-context tasks.
4208h agoThe choice of musical sequence encoding fundamentally shapes the topology, uncertainty distribution, and communication efficiency of music networks, with single-feature representations supporting efficient communication but discarding structural richness, and multi-feature representations preserving detail but leading to lower communication efficiency.
4208h agoThe receptive field responses in the visual hierarchy are influenced by geometric image transformations, and using covariant receptive field families can help handle this variability.
4208h agoLarge Language Models can describe a significant portion of the world with nuance and can be used to simulate cellular automata by expressing cell states and rules in natural language.
4208h agoA single driving signal can suppress extreme events in a response system by dominating its behavior.
4208h agoThe study of a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom mechanical oscillator reveals a rich spectrum of nonlinear behaviors, including periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic responses, influenced by nonlinear stiffness, mass symmetry, and frictional effects.
4208h agoScientists developed a method called templex to classify chaotic systems in any number of dimensions, reducing it to basic units called oscillating and switching units.
4208h agoThe combination of cell complexes and directed graphs, called templex, characterizes chaotic attractors and allows for their accurate classification by considering the flow direction between cells.
4208h agoThe Physarum network's intelligent adaptive capability allows it to locate optimal paths for nutrient transport through periodic oscillations in cytoplasmic flow that prevent traffic congestion.
4208h agoA neural network parameterized Ising machine (NPIM) learns an update rule to optimize NP-hard Ising and Max-Cut problems, recovering effective algorithmic structure and achieving competitive solution quality and time-to-solution.
4208h agoThe study finds that a system's dynamics can transition from critical behavior with a robust exponent value to quasi-critical dynamics with larger exponent values, driven by memory effects caused by dissipative mechanisms.
4208h agoA general framework is developed for constructing chiral integrable matrix product states in a specific spin chain, and exact overlap formulas are proposed for four-site product states with Bethe states.
4208h agoThe Davey-Stewartson II integrable system is related to Dirac Hamiltonians that exhibit super-Klein tunneling, with the Dirac interactions constructed from breather solutions of the system.
4208h agoNon-Hermiticity parameters induce fractional topological phases in a nonlinear Rice-Mele model, even when conventional linear approaches predict quantized topological invariants.
4208h agoConflict fatalities in Yemen and Syria follow a power-law distribution with an exponent between 2.5 and 3.5, indicating that fighters operate in smaller clusters as the conflict evolves.
4208h agoWeak higher-order interactions can enhance synchronization in complex systems when combined with pairwise ones, while strong higher-order interactions generally work against it.
4208h agoThe multilayer triadic percolation model reveals a richer dynamical behavior, including oscillations and bifurcations, than its single-layer counterpart, offering new insights into real-world systems such as brain networks, climate, and ecological systems.
4208h agoThe Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation governs pattern formation in dissipative media through a conserved contact potential, which guides a continuous transition from periodic periodons to localised solitons and a first-order phase transition with a hysteresis loop.
4208h agoThe model of traffic flow exhibits a phase transition at a critical density, where it evolves into a fully jammed state or congested traffic below the critical density, and into homogeneous diagonal bands where cars move freely without obstruction above the critical density.
4208h agoA novel 2+1-dimensional S-integrable extended Dym-type equation is introduced, which generates integrable modulated versions through a class of involutory transformations.
4208h agoWave turbulence in one-dimensional shallow water waves follows a non-trivial wave kinetic equation, which can produce a thermo-equilibrium state and stationary power-law spectra.
4208h agoParticles with different shapes form voids, or empty spaces, with distinct characteristics, with rhomboidal particles creating uniformly sized voids and elliptical particles creating voids of varying sizes.
4208h agoThe modified Camassa-Holm equation with cubic nonlinearity has smooth solitary wave solutions that are orbitally stable under certain conditions.
4208h agoDynaMix, a novel model, accurately forecasts the long-term evolution of complex systems without needing re-training, outperforming existing time series models in terms of long-term statistics and often short-term forecasts.
4208h agoDissipative quantum chaos can be characterized and controlled through entanglement entropy and out-of-time-order correlators, which reveal two distinct regimes: transient chaos and steady-state chaos.
4208h agoThe existence of a specific conservation law implies the presence of infinitely many local conserved quantities in translationally invariant quantum spin chains with finite-range interactions.
4208h agoThe N-DAM kinetic model generically experiences finite-time blowup governed by the critical-balance regime, leading to non-Kolmogorov energy transfer from large to small scales.
4208h agoA variant of the pseudo-inverse learning rule allows Hopfield-like Neural Networks to infer archetypal concepts from a limited number of examples through a multitude of coexisting states with diverse thermodynamic properties.
4208h agoA new method helps optimization by shaping the global loop structure of a graph without changing local interactions, making it easier to reach the global minimum of an energy function.
4208h agoMachine learning models accurately predict the behavior of quantum many-body systems, reproducing localization, delocalization, and multifractality trends across a wide range of interaction strengths.
4208h agoA new approach using equivariant graph neural networks can accurately predict the Hamiltonian matrix of large structures, enabling the study of devices with thousands of atoms.
4208h agoInterparticle interactions in moiré lattice systems can cause localization, generating multiple mobility edges and transitions among ergodic, critical, and many-body localized regimes.
4208h agoFermionic non-Gaussianity is suppressed in many-body localized regimes and restored in ergodic regimes, with implications for understanding quantum states and computational quantum advantage.
4208h agoA neural network parameterized Ising machine (NPIM) learns an update rule to optimize NP-hard Ising and Max-Cut problems, recovering effective algorithmic structure and achieving competitive solution quality and time-to-solution.
4208h agoHydrogen bond strength and delocalization energy decline from bulk to the water/air interface, correlating with changes in reorientation dynamics and sum-frequency generation spectra.
4208h agoThe study finds that a system's dynamics can transition from critical behavior with a robust exponent value to quasi-critical dynamics with larger exponent values, driven by memory effects caused by dissipative mechanisms.
4208h agoClassifier-free guidance in diffusion models leads to a loss of diversity in generated samples due to a mismatch between the sampling distribution and the true conditional distribution.
4208h agoDisorder in photonic crystals and waveguides creates states inside the photonic band gap that follow an Urbach law, with the density of states maximal at the band edge and decaying into the gap.
4208h agoThe geometry of superstable cycles provides a direct probe of local nonlinearity in triadic percolation, with the distance from the map's maximum to a key point on the attracting cycle scaling as a power of the distance from the maximum.
4208h agoThe infinite random Heisenberg XXZ spin chain exhibits a slow propagation of information in any fixed energy interval.
4208h agoA two-lifetime model explains low-energy features of cuprate superconductor spectra, suggesting strong inelastic forward scattering of electrons.
4208h agoMultifractality emerges near a synchronization phase transition in neural fields, providing a basis for interpreting multifractality in brain recordings.
4208h agoMigration must be strong enough to prevent extreme concentration on the fastest growing site when random growth rates and redistribution compete.
4208h agoA tensor network-based method calculates disorder-averaged expectation values in random spin chains without needing to sample over disorder configurations.
4208h agoThe spatial photonic Ising machine can efficiently implement a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems with spatially convolutional structures, including distance-based problems like placement and clustering, without needing complex multiplexing.
4208h agoEmpirical risk minimization in over-parametrized two-layer neural networks reveals that capacity control emerges from a low-rank structure in learned feature maps.
4208h agoThe attention-indexed model (AIM) provides a theoretical framework for analyzing learning in deep attention layers, capturing how token-level outputs emerge from interactions over high-dimensional embeddings.
4208h agoComplex-valued neural networks with tensor-valued hidden-to-output weights exhibit a fermion-like sign structure in their large-width correlation functions, obeying fermionic Wick rules.
4208h agoTrained attention layers show a reproducible spectral structure of weights, including low-rank collapse and isolated spectral outliers, and learning proceeds through sequential spectral recovery when targets have power-law spectra.
4208h agoThe multilayer triadic percolation model reveals a richer dynamical behavior, including oscillations and bifurcations, than its single-layer counterpart, offering new insights into real-world systems such as brain networks, climate, and ecological systems.
4208h agoThe bosonic Bott index is a robust real-space topological invariant for multi-band magnonic systems, and magnon transport depends on Gilbert damping and disorder.
4208h agoThe curvature evolution of the loss landscape, measured by critical sharpness, determines local training stability of neural networks, and this measure captures well-documented Hessian sharpness phenomena in large language models.
4208h agoA generative AI approach predicts materials synthesis recipes and was used to successfully synthesize a material.
4208h agoThe motor learning system updates future motor commands based on the amplitude of the feedback response during the holding period, not the temporal pattern of the visual error.
4208h agoFormalin fixation alters MRI-relevant physical properties of brain tissue, with distinct changes in relaxation rates and magnetization transfer saturation ratio across different post-mortem processes.
4208h agoA new quality measure for spatio-temporal spike patterns in multiple-neuron recordings combines several criteria into a single measure based on the unlikeliness of the pattern.
4208h agoGLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce brain reactivity to food cues in appetite and reward regions, but their effects on substance use disorder and brain responses appear largely unexplored and inconsistent.
4208h agoThe ability to learn complex sensorimotor mappings through explicit strategies is limited by working memory capacity, and performance plateaus when task complexity exceeds this limit.
4208h agoThe visual system segments visual inputs into distinct objects through dynamic processes that integrate prior expectations with sensory information.
4208h agoMosquitoes are attracted to some people more than others, with different species of mosquitoes favoring different individuals based on their unique body odor and bacterial signatures.
4208h agoThe generation of movement emerges from a low-dimensional latent dynamical system that maintains a fixed relationship to movement parameters, and changes in neural encoding are the main source of drift in motor cortex.
4208h agoBeta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) enhances neuronal Tau proteostasis, reduces Tau aggregation and secretion, and ameliorates Tau pathophysiology, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.
4208h agoHigher plasma GFAP levels in women are linked to worse memory performance and lower levels of a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
4208h agoThe neural representations of dynamic stimuli become slower and more temporally stable as they move along the hierarchy of cortical areas in the visual ventral stream, and this is determined by the network's architecture and layer-specific functions.
4208h agoThe SMA complex has distinct neurophysiological and structural connectivity profiles, with the pre-SMA and SMA areas showing different cortical excitability, oscillatory dynamics, and connections to the thalamus.
4212h agoAmyloid-beta immunotherapy causes amyloid-related imaging abnormality (ARIA) lesions, which include meningovascular inflammation, vascular mural permeation, and microvascular lesions, in a mouse model with extensive amyloid deposition.
4212h agoMitochondrial properties in closely related neurons differ, which makes some neurons more vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.
4212h agoREM sleep dynamically organizes hippocampal activity through an infraslow modulation of theta oscillations, which coordinates neuronal excitability across brain regions and regulates inter-regional communication.
4212h agoOveractive cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) contributes to the progression of drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE) by inducing inflammation in the brain.
4212h agoOlder adults have more unique brain network patterns than young adults, and mapping individual brain networks improves understanding of brain function and aging.
4212h agoThe brain still receives visual information during sleep, but responses in the early visual cortex are suppressed and can even be deactivated by high-intensity visual stimulation.
4212h agoA guide based on an open-source data quality assessment tool helps choose the right motion artefact correction method for functional near-infrared spectroscopy data.
4212h agoSynaptic cleft orientations are not randomly distributed, but show directional biases across cortical layers, and this pattern is conserved across species.
4212h agoActivating GIRK channels with GiGA1 reduces ethanol intake and reward in mice by modulating neural circuits involved in alcohol use disorder.
4212h agoThe cytokine G-CSF enhances cocaine reward by promoting glutamatergic synaptic remodeling in the nucleus accumbens.
4212h agoChemoaffinity-based connectivity rules help establish innate cognitive functions and motor programs by structuring recurrent neuronal networks, leading to the development of different networks that enable various abilities, such as path integration, categorization, and motor control.
4212h agoA novel siRNA delivery platform targets the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) to achieve robust knockdown across multiple central and peripheral tissues.
4216h agoHunger modifies the sensitivity of taste cells to sweet tastes through insulin receptor signaling, which helps regulate feeding behavior.
4216h agoStimulating the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex with transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates local brain activity and connections to deeper brain regions involved in reward processing.
4216h agoPeople's eye movements are linked to their aesthetic experiences, with similar gaze patterns predicting similar aesthetic appeal judgments when viewing a documentary.
4216h ago4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) treatment reduces brain inflammation, breaks down protective tissue around brain cells, and improves memory in old mice.
4216h agoMice spend more time exploring their environment than engaging in social interaction, suggesting that standard social behaviour tests may reflect curiosity rather than a desire for social contact.
4216h agoPersistent activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) causes recurrent pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by amplifying and sustaining the actions of histamine receptors.
4216h agoDeepUnitMatch software tracks individual neurons in high-density electrophysiological recordings across weeks using only the spike waveforms of the neurons.
4216h agoThe retinal population activity is well described by a small number of collective modes tightly coupled to the visual stimulus, allowing for efficient coding and variability in sensory population codes.
4216h agoExcessive alcohol drinking is linked to region-specific changes in brain chemistry, particularly in the serotonin and opioid systems, which may contribute to individual differences in alcohol use disorder susceptibility.
4216h agoA period of late brain activity provides a signature of conscious access to perceptual information, even when the P3b neural signal is absent.
4216h agoHD-tDCS stimulation of the anterior supramarginal gyrus improves motor learning with chopsticks by increasing the number of successful picks and altering movement patterns.
4216h agoGreater neighborhood enrichment is directly associated with better episodic memory in youth, and this relationship is partially explained by increased functional activity in the prefrontal cortex.
4216h agoThe Grid-based 3D Convolution-Transformer (G3DCT) framework accurately identifies EEG artifacts by leveraging electrode spatial topology and complex artifact patterns.
4216h agoInfants as young as 2 months old can recognize objects and their categories, with their visual system representing both how things look and what group they belong to.
4220h agoInfant brains organize visual information into categories similar to those used by artificial intelligence by 2 months old, with some areas of the brain developing later.
4220h agoUK researchers can now use a free program called WillCO2st to quickly and accurately report their sustainability and estimate their carbon footprint.
4220h agoAperiodic EEG activity parameters are substantially biased by physiological artifacts and poor data quality, and these biases can be effectively mitigated with regression-based statistical correction.
4220h agoExposure to high-fat diets during adolescence leads to long-lasting changes in decision-making processes, promoting habitual responses to food and affecting males and females differently.
4220h agoChronic restriction in anorexia nervosa leads to gut inflammation, changes in gut bacteria, and brain inflammation in the hippocampus, which is linked to changes in glial cells and microbiota composition.
4220h agoEarly adverse experiences affect how females interact with others under stress, while later adverse experiences affect how both males and females respond to others under stress.
4220h agoAstrocytes with oxytocin receptors in a specific brain region play a crucial role in regulating social fear, with their function differing between males and females.
4220h agoThe human brain constructs complex social knowledge by factorizing and integrating dynamic social interactions into structured cognitive maps, which can predict personality traits.
4220h agoDopamine in the striatum plays a critical role in controlling the outflow of working memory by regulating the transformation of current working memory representations into a prioritized state to guide behavior.
4220h agoThe preBotzinger Complex, a critical network for breathing, integrates multimodal signals from diverse brain regions through excitatory and inhibitory inputs to regulate rhythm generation and patterning.
4220h agoThe Thr136Ile variant of the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) gene interacts with cortical network capacity and traumatic experiences to shape emotional vulnerability and depressive symptoms.
4220h agoMotor representations from past events are reinstated in the brain when people recall autobiographical memories, showing cortical and peripheral motor activity.
4220h agoFine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure causes cellular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in human brain cells, and disrupts the blood-brain barrier at concentrations commonly found in urban environments.
4224h agoThe aggregation of alpha-synuclein in cells can be inhibited by certain compounds, which also reverse changes in cellular pathways caused by the aggregation.
4224h agoBlueNuclei software accurately identifies live and dead transfected neurons from images, providing a fast, simple, and automated solution for assessing neuronal viability.
4224h agoCryptic Last Exons are used in normal cellular events and play an essential role in regulating gene expression, with their usage conserved across species and associated with ribosomes during development.
4224h agoGABAergic signaling excites neurons and initiates seizures through a pH-regulating mechanism where GABA causes intracellular acidification and charge accumulation, which can be counteracted by active pH-regulating transporters.
4224h agoThe ability to localize touch depends on the experimental method used, with different methods yielding different results and conclusions about how people tell where a touch has occurred.
4232h agoSLIM-Brain, a new foundation model, improves data and training efficiency for fMRI analysis by preserving fine-grained spatial details while requiring less data and computing power.
4232h agoChua's circuit exhibits multiple stable attractors when driven by a chaotic signal with a lower frequency and a driving strength above a threshold.
4232h agoDiscrete-state oscillators in two dimensions synchronize under thermal fluctuations when they have at least 5 states, undergoing two-step transitions to a synchronized phase and then to a spatiotemporal pattern phase.
4232h agoShort-range attractive interactions between thermally driven Brownian quasiparticles enable energy-efficient optimization through emergent cooperative behavior.
4232h agoPlastic deformation in amorphous solids is carried by localized shear transformations that organize into avalanches, which have a latent structure of well-separated local minima prior to onset.
4232h agoA thermodynamically consistent model shows that chemically driven running drops on a solid substrate can be sustained by chemical reactions that maintain a wettability contrast.
4232h agoA thin fluid filament flowing in a Hele-Shaw cell responds nonlinearly to external acoustic forcing by adopting a peculiar pattern when the forcing amplitude exceeds a threshold.
4232h agoA simplified single reed instrument model shows stochastic slow dynamics when its blowing pressure increases linearly and crosses a critical point, resulting in the appearance of sound.
4232h agoRecurrent neural networks estimate the optimal kernel vector from sparse observational time series, leading to nearly optimal state estimations in dynamical systems.
4232h agoBasins of attraction in multiscale systems can have special geometric properties called singular funnels that impact the system's resilience to perturbations.
4232h agoThe two-dimensional model of random networks of metallic nanowires or carbon nanotubes overestimates the number of contacts between elements, leading to overestimated electrical conductivity.
4232h agoThe connected ensemble framework reveals that low-loss paths in neural networks exist only above a critical threshold, allowing for easy training within a specific parameter range.
4232h agoFirms' holding of precautionary inventories at a critical level can protect the economy from system-wide crises triggered by adverse productivity shocks, but competitive pressures often drive firms to economize on these buffers, making the system prone to large output losses.
4232h agoA new model algorithm unifies low-temperature and high-temperature models to assemble amorphous structures, allowing for the simulation of multiphase amorphous systems without melting base crystals.
4232h agoPhotonic neuromorphic networks with a purely photonic deep architecture can enable online, unsupervised learning and achieve high efficiency in processing optical information.
4232h agoThe spin quantum Hall transition on random networks is solved by mapping it to classical percolation, confirming that geometric randomness affects the transition and relating its critical exponents to those of regular networks.
4232h agoShort-range attractive interactions between thermally driven Brownian quasiparticles enable energy-efficient optimization through emergent cooperative behavior.
4232h agoTemporally correlated noise drives self-organization in interacting particle systems, leading to a state with suppressed long-range density fluctuations.
4232h agoThe dynamics of glass-formers can be explained by two views that are not mutually exclusive, as local constraints and global landscape complexity both influence the flow of time.
4232h agoThe choice of unit priors in Restricted Boltzmann Machines affects learning efficiency, with a critical dataset size necessary for generalization that depends on the teacher's properties but not the student's, and a prudent student prior choice can facilitate training.
4232h agoMachine learning models can regress scale-free processes, like earthquakes or avalanches, by leveraging their scale invariance, but require careful architecture design to handle non-trivial coarse-graining operations and anomalous scaling.
4232h agoDiffusion models generalize well with finite data because their sample complexity follows a linear relationship with the data dimension, due to the hierarchical structure of the data.
4232h agoThe accumulation of abnormal tau protein in the locus coeruleus brain region triggers anxiety and sleep disruptions, and alters brain activity, in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
4232h agoStroke triggers a hierarchical rewiring of genome architecture, which regulates the brain's response to injury by changing the organization of chromosomes and controlling gene expression.
4232h agoHumans accurately monitor internal noise in peripheral vision and use this information to make optimal confidence judgments.
4232h agoThe serotonergic system in the dorsal raphe nucleus regulates quiescence and motor control by selectively modulating the neural activity related to movement.
4232h agoElevated homocysteine levels do not increase the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive mice.
4232h agoPatients with epilepsy have a threefold increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, and research suggests that shared neurobiological mechanisms, particularly dysregulation of GABAergic signaling, may contribute to this link.
4232h agoWhole brain ultrastructure can be preserved by vitrification without prior aldehyde fixation, allowing for the cryopreservation of animal and human brains with retention of ultrastructural integrity.
4232h agoGABA presynaptically regulates neurotransmitter release at top-down synapses in the primary somatosensory cortex, suppressing inputs from motor and secondary somatosensory cortices more than those from the thalamus.
4232h agoLRRC55, a protein found mainly in cerebellar Purkinje cells, is essential for BK channels to regulate cell firing and plasticity, and its loss causes ataxia-like impairments in gait, balance, and coordination.
4244h agoThe Jansen-Rit neural mass model provides a framework for linking synaptic parameters, network structure, and ensemble-level stability in brain activity.
4252h agoTraumatic brain injury causes memory problems in males and females without ovaries, but not in females with ovaries, and astrocyte-mediated myelin clearance plays a key role in memory preservation after injury.
4252h agoPrion exposure activates a signaling pathway that leads to synaptic loss through three protein kinases: CaMKII, PKC, and GSK3β.
4252h agoCycling ovarian hormones regulate threat memory in females by controlling the activity of a specific neuron population in the lateral septum.
4252h agoThe Standard Model's estimates of brain microstructure parameters change with realistic variations in white matter tissue features, such as axonal beading, undulations, packing density, and membrane permeability.
4252h agoAction-based prediction, when aligned with task goals, optimizes perceptual processing by reducing the amount of evidence needed and increasing its accumulation speed.
4252h agoThe dorsal root ganglia's protein expression and spatial organization can now be understood in detail thanks to a comprehensive resource of human tissue analysis.
4252h agoMale and female mice process memories differently, with females showing increased brain activity in certain areas during memory formation and males showing increased activity in other areas during memory consolidation.
4256h agoAlzheimer's disease progression is driven by the interdependence between microglial senescence and amyloidosis, with amyloid-b plaque accumulation triggering a shift in microglia from a homeostatic to a senescent-like state.
4260h agoThe locus coeruleus activity reconfigures large-scale brain networks and leaves a detectable imprint on brain activity across different states and species.
4260h agoPiano training improves executive functions and changes brain microstructure in healthy adults over 50.
4260h agoPeople with more ADHD traits have a sharper sense of time but less stable perception, and this is linked to specific changes in brain activity, namely faster alpha frequency and flatter aperiodic brain wave patterns.
4268h agoDopamine alters the balance between brain networks, increasing time spent in internally oriented cognitive states and decreasing time spent in sensorimotor-perceptual states.
4268h agoPreschoolers' brief speech samples can be used to distinguish between children with and without language delay with high accuracy.
4268h agoSpeech production relies on precise coordination of articulatory movements and phonation, which are represented in specific brain regions: ventral primary sensorimotor cortex handles articulation, dorsal sensorimotor cortex handles voice onset timing, and the cerebellum and operculum integrate these features to refine speech motor plans.
4268h agoAutistic and dyslexic children use different brain pathways than typically developing children to process motion, with distinct patterns of brain activity in each condition.
4268h agoSex differences in brain connectivity change across the human lifespan, with minimal differences in childhood, pronounced differences in young adulthood, and diverging differences in later life.
4268h agoPrefrontal regions are involved in early numerical knowledge acquisition in children mainly through general mechanisms, not specific to numbers.
4268h agoDopamine affects exploration and exploitation behaviour differently in males and females, and its effects are influenced by cognitive capacity.
4268h agoAlpha bursts in Fragile X syndrome show reduced count and prolonged periods, with elevated amplitudes, particularly in males, and these changes correlate with symptoms and cognitive function.
4268h agoImpulsivity is linked to a greater influence of reward-driven urgency on decision making, whereas less impulsive individuals are guided more by control-driven urgency regulation.
4268h agoThe brain establishes flexible communication during tasks by reconfiguring a small subset of connections within a largely stable network architecture.
4280h agoA new loss function that incorporates ontology structure into training improves the performance of large-scale single-cell annotation models.
4284h agoDeepmriprep uses neural networks to speed up voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of MRI data by 37 times while keeping accuracy comparable to existing methods.
4284h agoFoveal cones in primate vision can effectively send signals backwards along their length, but this backpropagation is unlikely to influence how they convert light into electrical signals.
4284h agoThe DISC1 protein forms a homotetrameric structure that allows it to bind multiple partner molecules, including client protein NDE1, through its conserved UVR domains and coiled coil domains.
4284h agoAvatars with facial expressions, especially amplified ones, enhance body ownership, social presence, and interpersonal attraction, and promote neural synchrony and collaborative creativity in virtual reality interactions.
4284h agoA new virtual reality system allows for whole-brain magnetoencephalography recordings during immersive movements, enabling insights into neural circuits that support complex behaviors.
4284h agoThe brain uses two distinct coding schemes to prioritize and manage multiple task rules, allowing for flexible switching between tasks.
4284h agoCompression algorithms detect changes in neural data complexity caused by brain lesions with higher accuracy than single-neuron metrics.
4284h agoAir pollution activates inflammatory pathways in microglia, astrocytes, and neural stem cells in the hippocampus, and suppresses neurogenesis.
4284h agoCarotid intraplaque hemorrhage independently predicts asymmetric white matter lesions in the brain and identifies older males as a high-risk group for TIA and stroke.
4284h agoSuccessful episodic memory depends on the reinstatement of encoding content and processes during retrieval, with perceptual and linguistic reinstatement playing complementary roles in providing fine-grained sensory details and refining representations.
4284h agoPeople with chronic tinnitus, whether mild or bothersome, have similar abilities to suppress external auditory distractions, suggesting that the difference in tinnitus salience is not linked to general deficits in suppressing distractors.
4288h agoOral D-methionine improves spatial memory and modestly reduces amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse models, with benefits varying by sex and model.
4288h agoFragile X Syndrome alters the balance of essential elements in brain and body tissues, with differences found in the levels and variability of elements such as sodium, potassium, iron, and copper between affected and normal tissues.
4288h agoThe brain stores multiple objects in working memory as weighted combinations of individual object responses.
4288h agoThe spinal peripheral sensory axis has robust, autonomous circadian clocks that regulate daily fluctuations in physiology and behavior, controlling a coordinated temporal deployment of distinct molecular programs in primary sensory neurons.
4292h agoInescapable stress causes changes in the proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex, affecting energy metabolism, neurotransmitter signaling, and synaptic function.
4292h agoDendrites in the medial superior olive neurons serve as a source of internal delay that helps tune the neurons to sounds from different locations.
4292h agoRett syndrome mice have unstable neural representations in their hippocampus, marked by excessive and unstable activity of place cells, leading to poor retention of learned task information.
4292h agoCD33 governs microglial functions associated with Alzheimer's disease by controlling the uptake of amyloid beta and affecting TREM2 activation.
4292h agoThe computational workflow generates flat maps of the hippocampus, revealing hidden topographic variations in its organization and allowing for new insights into its development and relation to diseases.
4292h agoThe laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) contains distinct groups of neurons that are activated by rewarding and aversive stimuli, and these groups play different roles in shaping behavior.
4292h agoThe adult dorsal root ganglia contain two distinct populations of progenitor cells that can develop into different cell types, and their numbers increase after injury.
4292h agoHippocampal inputs route through different polysynaptic circuits to the striatum depending on whether they target the matrix or striosome compartments.
4292h agoBipolar disorder is characterized by dysconnectivity in brain networks, particularly in theta and alpha1 frequency bands, with linear networks showing reduced stability and complexity, and nonlinear networks showing altered regional connectivity.
4292h agoOligodendrocytes change their function in response to brain diseases and injuries, becoming a new type of cell called SerpinOLs that can worsen inflammation and promote harmful changes in the brain.
4292h agoEmotional memory is enhanced when a neutral image is paired with an emotional one, and this is linked to increased connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala.
4292h agoThe Different Hearing program training modifies brain responses to sound and changes engagement of networks related to creative thinking.
4300h agoSchizophrenia involves microstructural abnormalities in the forceps minor, a key white-matter tract connecting the frontal lobes, which plays a role in regulating social behavior and is closely linked to brain networks that are dysfunctional in the disorder.
4300h agoThe striosome and matrix parts of the striatum have different functions in cognition and action, with the striosome involved in evaluation and preparation and the matrix involved in execution, and their activity changes with task demands, memory category, and performance accuracy.
4300h agoSchizophrenia-linked gene mutations in SETD1A disrupt normal brain connections and impair working memory by reducing synchrony between brain regions.
4300h agoA novel approach constructs differential causal networks from EEG data to model brain systems, revealing functional disruptions and changes in brain connectivity in epileptic brains.
4304h agoFoundation models have different processing stages with distinct representational structures, and analyzing these stages reveals insights into their biological relevance and potential design changes to better align with biological systems.
4304h agoBrainFuse, a unified infrastructure, bridges the gap between neuroscience and artificial intelligence by supporting biophysical neural simulation and gradient-based learning.
4304h agoAttractor dynamics in neural circuits support cognitive functions through stable patterns of neural activity, and attractor network models reveal common computational principles underlying various cognitive processes.
4304h agoA thermoinformational formulation derives entropy, internal energy, temperature, and Helmholtz free energy from empirical microstate distributions, providing a data-driven description of system reorganization and information exchange.
4304h agoA numerical-twin framework represents transient narrowband activity, such as physiological signals, as a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with interpretable parameters.
4304h agoCollective behavior among interacting agents can give rise to joint agency and collective knowledge, allowing the group to respond to environmental changes more quickly and accurately than individual agents.
4304h agoThe experiment directly measures two-time ballistic correlations in a photonic platform and finds that they agree with predictions from Generalized Hydrodynamics.
4304h agoA new machine learning system combines short- and long-term memory units to process, store, and recall multiple pieces of information, achieving accurate reconstruction of chaotic attractors and stable long-term memory recall.
4304h agoMachine learning approaches can accelerate tasks such as estimating basin characterization metrics and controlling transient chaos, and enable new possibilities for interventions in chaotic systems.
4304h agoThe characteristic curves-based framework helps discover governing equations from data by incorporating domain expertise and inductive biases, leading to more reliable and interpretable system identification.
4304h agoIsing machines achieve optimal solutions when their spin distribution becomes binary and the binary phase and gapless phase coexist.
4304h agoThe $\lambda\ph^4+g\ph^6$ model reveals tricritical behavior when the $\ph^4$ term acts as a composite operator and its coefficient $\lambda$ decreases rapidly to zero.
4304h agoCoupled Chialvo maps in two dimensions generate ringlike or spiral patterns depending on the type of nearest-neighbor coupling, with rings expanding and spirals evolving into turbulence as coupling increases.
4304h agoNew simple invariant solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations can be constructed by combining small-scale solutions using spatial tiling, allowing for the study of turbulent flows with multiple interacting substructures.
4304h agoThe recurrence-based divergence quantifier is an effective tool for detecting chaos in conservative systems, and its performance agrees with the fast Lyapunov indicator.
4304h agoCollective behavior among interacting agents can give rise to joint agency and collective knowledge, allowing the group to respond to environmental changes more quickly and accurately than individual agents.
4304h agoA pencil of compatible Poisson structures on a multiplicative quiver variety is defined through reduction from a pencil of Hamiltonian quasi-Poisson structures.
4304h agoA deterministic denoising algorithm improves efficiency and sample quality in text and image generation tasks by derandomizing the generative reverse Markov chain in discrete-state diffusion models.
4304h agoExcluded-volume interactions between bubbles have a strong influence on bubble dynamics, and four-way coupling effects become important at a volume fraction of around one percent.
4304h agoThe double flip bifurcation occurs in Hamiltonian systems with two parameters, resulting in two simultaneous Hamiltonian flip bifurcations connected by a curve-segment of singular points.
4304h agoA new computational model called GateMod links task structure to neural circuit architecture, explaining how acquired skills are composed to plan and execute behaviors.
4304h agoA hidden localization transition occurs in a family of Hamiltonians, where wavefunctions change from being delocalized to localized with respect to one of two canonically conjugate operators.
4304h agoIsing machines achieve optimal solutions when their spin distribution becomes binary and the binary phase and gapless phase coexist.
4304h agoThe phase transitions in PMN-PT compositions near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary behave differently than in compositions far below it, and their electrical-field history impacts the transition temperature, delay time, and induced polarization.
4304h agoInformation scrambling in a chain of randomly interacting Majorana fermions can be described by an effective continuum model that produces exact results for entanglement and operator spreading in the limit of weak interactions.
4304h agoIntroducing short-range attractive couplings between neural network weights during training allows for model quantization through rapid discretization of weight distribution.
4304h agoA query method called Reset-and-Discard increases the number of unique questions answered by large language models at a given cost by changing how the models try to answer questions.
4304h agoSparse networks with local connections can achieve performance comparable to dense networks when using equilibrium propagation for physics-based training.
4304h agoGenerative diffusion models can store high-level information in temporal correlations when driven by active, correlated noise, allowing for more robust symmetry breaking and recovery of multi-scale structures.
4304h agoDisorder can increase the localization length of low-energy Andreev bound states in a sign-changing superconductor at π-junctions, making their properties resemble those of a dirty nodal superconductor.
4304h agoCollapsed trades in international trade are clustered and spread in an epidemic-like way, and their occurrence decreases as trade volume increases.
4304h agoComplex-valued neural networks with tensor-valued hidden-to-output weights exhibit a fermion-like sign structure in their large-width correlation functions, and their correlators follow fermionic Wick rules.
4304h agoAmorphous selenium photoconductors show temperature-dependent transport and avalanche response in lateral geometries, with photocurrent measurements revealing field-assisted detrapping and avalanche multiplication mechanisms at low temperatures.
4304h agoThe strength of a neuron's synapses adapts based on initial synaptic sizes, their fluctuations, and spatial competition for proteins, and a new model predicts collective plasticity outcomes based on these factors.
4304h agoThe human cortex has a less dense cell body structure, more complex branching, and lower bouton densities compared to the rodent cortex, but has a similar number of connections between cell types.
4304h agoCortical function likely involves a combination of predictive processing and joint embedding predictive architecture, with layer 2/3 and layer 5 cell types interacting in a way that constrains possible algorithms for brain function.
4304h agoThe brain's motor areas learn to respond to auditory patterns when they are associated with rewards, and this response can persist even after the reward is no longer directly linked to the pattern.
4304h agoA neural model shows that NMDA receptor hypofunction and dopaminergic hyperfunction interact to create a spectrum of schizophrenia symptoms, with NMDA hypofunction causing rigid beliefs and dopaminergic hyperfunction causing volatile states.
4304h agoAffective touch from a romantic partner reduces acute pain during nociceptive stimulation, but neither robotic nor interpersonal affective touch changes the development of secondary hyperalgesia.
4304h agoPrior scene context rapidly facilitates face perception by modulating neural face representations, with early evoked activity and sustained oscillatory activity playing distinct roles in this process.
4304h agoA new flexible MR-receive setup called "Sushi" allows TMS coil positioning while maintaining full-brain coverage and maps brain networks similarly to a standard 64-channel head coil.
4304h agoSocial dominance increases the number of dopaminergic neurons in the posterior tubercular nucleus (PTN) of adult zebrafish, while subordinate and isolated conditions lead to suppressed neurogenesis and changes in neurotransmitter expression.
4304h agoEpileptogenesis in this rodent model starts with a focal hippocampal insult and progresses to a bilateral cortico-hippocampal network, and disrupting a single node in the network does not halt this progression.
4304h agoParkinson's disease patients with progressive micrographia have impaired motor awareness, suggesting altered sensorimotor integration.
4308h agoThe human amygdala supports both invariant and associative forms of categorical representations, allowing it to link stable identity representations across contextually related categories.
4308h agoNeddylation inhibition promotes the clearance of tau protein in human neurons through activation of both the proteasome-dependent pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
4308h agoThe brain's metabolic organisation follows a gradient hierarchy that supports cognitive function, with more metabolically active areas being more interconnected and related to energy production, and this hierarchy changes with ageing.
4308h agoNeural oscillations during visual stimulation differ between typical and autistic adults, with typical adults showing more backward waves and autistic adults showing more forward waves, indicating a bias toward sensory signaling over predictive feedback in autism.
4308h agoSynaptic RNA composition is dynamic, sexually dimorphic, and shaped by experience, with distinct differences in pseudogene and protein coding RNA expression, and isoform usage between males and females following fear conditioning.
4312h agoEnvironmental cues drive visual and motor prioritization in working memory differently, with motor prioritization scaling with cue reliability while visual prioritization remains largely unchanged.
4312h agoMitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction distinguish Parkinson's disease neurons from healthy controls, with different genetic forms of the disease showing distinct organelle abnormalities.
4312h agoIndividual differences in pain-related distress, such as fear of pain and pain catastrophizing, influence how stress affects pain sensitivity and stress responses.
4312h agoLSD alters brain activity by increasing alpha and beta peak frequencies, reducing oscillatory power, and changing the brain's signal complexity and fractality, mainly in sensory, language, emotion, and imagery-related networks.
4312h agoHuman memory depends on the coordination of low and high frequency brain activity across different areas of the hippocampus.
4312h agoThe SCN clock works differently in nocturnal and diurnal mammals, with differences in molecular clock rhythms, phase response curves, and network timing organization.
4312h agoReducing C4S through Chst11 deletion increases excitatory synaptic input onto PV interneurons, preserves cognitive function, and mitigates age-related decline.
4312h agoSerum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels strongly correlate with functional outcomes in ischemic stroke, and neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC EVs) therapy reduces stroke damage in a rat model.
4312h agoNature Computational Science marks its fifth anniversary, reflecting on its engagement with the research community.
4316h agoDigital twins are evolving into self-learning, autonomous systems that combine models, data, and human interaction to reach their full potential through interoperability, standardization, and integration of artificial intelligence and advanced computational reasoning.
4316h agoOlder adults use more distributed neural resources than young adults to complete tasks that require cognitive flexibility, with changes in brain activity patterns associated with successful task completion.
4316h agoThe dynamical ATN model simulates the progression of Alzheimer's disease by integrating mechanisms of protein aggregation, propagation, and neurodegeneration, and accurately predicts disease progression and treatment effects.
4316h agoA neurocomputational framework identifies two subtypes of first-episode depression with different risks of recurrence and predicts individual-level recurrence risk with 82.61% accuracy.
4316h agoThe MNI152 brain template, widely used in neuroimaging research, is larger and differently shaped than the average brain, with linear registration alone unable to correct for these differences.
4320h agoKCC2a regulates KCC2b membrane stability and function in cortical neurons by promoting its inhibition in immature neurons and its expression and function in mature neurons.
4320h agoE93 transcription factor maintains neuronal survival, layer-specific connectivity, and neurotransmitter identity in a specific dFB population, preserving the long-term function of adult behavioral circuits.
4320h agoProjection neuron-type-specific dynamics coordinate corticothalamic communication during reach-to-consume behavior in mice.
4324h agoSemantic Intent Decoding (SID) framework translates neural activity into natural language by modeling meaning as compositional semantic units, enabling more interpretable and expressive communication through brain-computer interfaces.
4328h agoScanning microscopes work better than wide-field microscopes in low signal-to-noise conditions and when detecting a small subset of spikes, but wide-field microscopes perform better when measurements are temporally undersampled and a large fraction of spikes needs to be detected.
4328h agoA semi-supervised VAE framework extracts disease-related patterns from high-dimensional neuroimaging data that align with established Alzheimer's biomarkers.
4328h agoThe Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection produce two different flow types, vortical flow or zonal flow, with distinct statistics, due to the influence of stochastic numerical noise.
4328h agoPopulation growth can lead to environmental changes that cause the population to collapse or become extinct if the environment changes more slowly than the population grows.
4328h agoThe study of two geometrically distinct billiards, a bean- and a peanut-shaped billiard, reveals a strong correlation between classical and quantum dynamics, with classical chaos linked to quantum chaos characteristics.
4328h agoCareful selection of design parameters is crucial to enhance mixing between two species in engineered injection and extraction systems that create chaotic advection.
4328h agoNonlinear skin breathing modes emerge in a one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon chain of classical oscillators with nonreciprocal couplings, and their frequency shifts depend on amplitude, nonlinearity type, lattice size, and nonreciprocity.
4328h agoDisorder-induced dimension reduction occurs in Langevin dynamics of frustrated Brownian particles on two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, leading to spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking and the emergence of quasi-1D structures.
4328h agoConfigurations of N-soliton solutions form a soliton gas condensate as the number of solitons grows to infinity, with the solution asymptotically described by a rapidly oscillatory elliptic-wave with constant velocity.
4328h agoA physics-informed machine learning framework accurately predicts the emergence of coherent oscillations in stochastic systems, such as the stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron, driven solely by noise.
4328h agoA symmetry-based classification of many-body localization phases reveals that onsite Abelian symmetries are compatible with stable localization, while continuous non-Abelian symmetries generally prevent it.
4328h agoA new algorithm enables faster and more stable simulation of complex quantum systems by updating rows of data at once, reducing slow convergence and errors near phase transitions.
4328h agoThe directionality and node heterogeneity of hypergraphs fundamentally affect their critical properties during percolation, reshaping how networks respond to node failures.
4328h agoA family of models describes the propagation of a single particle in a multicomponent non-Markovian Gaussian random field, yielding exact results for single-particle Green's functions, self-energy, and vertex part.
4328h agoSparse neural networks can match the performance of dense models in approximating the ground state of quantum many-body Hamiltonians, even when pruned by more than an order of magnitude in parameter count.
4328h agoThe electrical conductivity of V$_{1-x}$Al$_x$ alloys shows a crossover to a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity, matching experimental observations, due to a non-Boltzmann contribution.
4328h agoAiiDA-TrainsPot, an automated workflow, streamlines the creation of accurate neural-network interatomic potentials by combining density-functional-theory calculations, data augmentation, and classical molecular dynamics.
4328h agoNonlinear skin breathing modes emerge in a one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon chain of classical oscillators with nonreciprocal couplings, and their frequency shifts depend on amplitude, nonlinearity type, lattice size, and nonreciprocity.
4328h agoDisorder-induced dimension reduction occurs in Langevin dynamics of frustrated Brownian particles on two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, leading to spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking and the emergence of quasi-1D structures.
4328h agoZika virus infection in early life disrupts brain development, causing cell death, abnormal brain organization, and changes in behavior, and affects genes linked to autism spectrum disorder.
4328h agoSemantic features in the human brain are organized along consistent directions, or axes, similar to those in word embeddings, allowing for predictable neural responses to related concepts.
4328h agoCortical layer 1 inhibitory interneurons, specifically VIP-expressing cells, have constitutively active hyperpolarization-activated cation and inward-rectifying potassium currents that regulate their excitability and EPSP-spike coupling, shaping how they filter incoming signals and influence information flow.
4328h agoMice with a Kalrn gene mutation have reduced dendritic length and impaired deviance detection in certain brain layers, and also show reduced functional connectivity between visual and frontal areas.
4328h agoHumans use internal physical models to infer object properties from collision sounds by separating the acoustic contributions of objects.
4328h agoThe human brain adapts face perception to naturalistic visual constraints by processing different face attributes in a flexible temporal order, with emotion and race emerging early under blurry or brief conditions, and gender requiring clearer and longer exposure.
4328h agoTDP-43 loss causes widespread changes in gene expression and alternative splicing in glutamatergic and cholinergic motor neurons, leading to a hyperexcitable phenotype.
4328h agoMicroglia in brains with a tau-related disorder called progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) exhibit a distinct response characterized by increased stress and altered gene expression.
4328h agoElectrode density affects EEG decoding performance differently across tasks, with low-density setups sufficient for some tasks and higher densities needed for others, while representational similarity analysis results remain robust even with low-density setups.
4328h agoA microtunnel device guides large-scale neuronal network formation in human neural stem cell cultures, producing structured and directional growth that improves the quality of electrophysiological recordings.
4328h agoMice can identify target odors in complex mixtures, but accuracy declines with decreasing target concentration, and neural sensitivity, not background complexity, primarily limits detection.
4328h agoHierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT) creates a 7.72 microns/voxel post-mortem human brain dataset that enables rich 3D visualisation of complex neuroanatomy.
4328h agoSpatial memory performance is linked to specific coordination of sleep oscillations across hippocampo-cortical networks during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
4328h agoTau protein modification at threonine 231 drives selective deficits in Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in worms, and enhancing mitophagy or suppressing mitochondrial stress response can alleviate these symptoms.
4336h agoDiurnal rhythms in brain transcription are organized by region and disrupted early in Alzheimer's disease, with vulnerable brain regions showing region-specific changes before amyloid plaque buildup.
4336h agoOlder adults and hearing-impaired individuals have speech perception difficulties in noise due to age-related cochlear synaptopathy and outer hair cell damage that affects temporal envelope and fine structure encoding.
4336h agoPersonalized smartphone notifications engage rapid and robust brain responses that are not necessarily distracting, and habitual smartphone use affects later stages of attention and evaluation.
4336h agoHypertension causes retinal degeneration through a mechanism that does not involve increased eye pressure, and is driven by the activation of the protein endothelin-2.
4336h agoIn seeing animals, LC10d visual projection neurons help avoid visual objects without a chemosensory profile, and work with another neuron type to separate visual cues and guide decision making.
4336h agoUp to half of neurons expressing calcium-binding proteins are not GABAergic, making this classification scheme invalid for GABAergic neurons in macaque cortex.
4336h agoNosaPlugs nasal inserts provide a prolonged release and delivery of memantine to the brain, with a cumulative release of up to eight hours and distribution to all parts of the nasal cavity.
4336h agoThe brain region NCM responds more strongly to begging calls of offspring in parenting zebra finches than in non-parenting ones, and parenting females show more selective responses to their own chick's calls.
4348h agoImplicit memories of recurring sensory patterns decrease arousal, as shown by smaller pupil dilations in response to familiar patterns compared to new ones.
4348h agoTop-down attention arises from different network configurations in the brain that are shaped by sensory processing and strategic resource allocation.
4348h agoTheta-paced sweeps in brain activity help prioritize information from specific locations during navigation by flexibly sampling nearby space based on interest.
4348h agoNeurogranin promotes coordinated network activity, adaptive synaptic remodeling, and neuronal survival by enhancing dendritic growth, increasing synaptic number, and regulating calcium-dependent signaling.
4348h agoPain decreases can be detected objectively using physiological signals such as electrodermal activity, heart rate, and pupil diameter during fluctuating pain.
4348h agoThe brain of microminipigs shows left-right asymmetry in the anterior cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex, and cerebellum.
4348h agoSchemas, abstract relational structures that capture commonalities across experiences, underlie humans' and animals' ability to rapidly generalize knowledge and adapt behavior across contexts.
4352h agoRecurrent neural networks develop internal representations that preserve the structure of the systems generating their inputs when trained for time-series prediction.
4352h agoDelays in neural interactions cause visual illusions, such as the wagon-wheel illusion, by generating multiple coexisting states of motion perception with distinct speeds.
4352h agoAssuming aliens are conscious is reasonable based on Copernican grounds, but this assumption does not apply to robots designed to mimic conscious behavior.
4352h agoThe brain's complex structure is guided by a compact, low-dimensional blueprint that determines its function, and a new generative model can learn this underlying representation from detailed connectivity maps.
4352h agoExposure to psychoactive substances during pregnancy disrupts brain network coordination, and a new brain graph network called KOCOBrain identifies related changes in brain structure and function.
4352h agoDynamic gain scaling balances adaptation and retention in continual learning, effectively reducing temporary performance drops on previously learned tasks when new ones are introduced.
4352h agoA proposed effective description of $\phi^4$ kinks based on kink position and width accurately captures the dynamics of the system under moderate external driving frequencies.
4352h agoThe tau-function of any solution to the AKNS hierarchy can be expressed as a KP tau-function, and its logarithmic derivatives can be calculated using wave functions and a matrix-resolvent method.
4352h agoGelation in the Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a loss of dynamical stability, marked by the appearance of positive real eigenvalues, indicating a change in the aggregation dynamics.
4352h agoThe P vs NP problem may have a finer structure with two or three regions, where polynomial algorithms can solve NP-complete problems in one region, but not in another, and a third region possibly exists with characteristics of the edge of chaos.
4352h agoDelays in neural interactions cause visual illusions, such as the wagon-wheel illusion, by generating multiple coexisting states of motion perception with distinct speeds.
4352h agoSTEPS and LDCast models provide an estimation of error at almost all scales, but have little ability to spatially localize ensemble mean error through their members.
4352h agoA novel two-step process generates data that follows the Beta Rank Function distribution, which models empirical data that deviates from pure power laws, by combining a power-law distribution with a regressive redistribution of resources.
4352h agoThree novel classes of pulse-train waveforms with equal velocity are formed in an optical Kerr nonlinear medium, having different amplitudes, widths, and wavenumbers.
4352h agoNon-integrable quantum field theories exhibit chaotic behavior with energy eigenvalue patterns matching random matrix theory, whereas integrable theories show Poisson behavior.
4352h agoA mixture of simple chemicals spontaneously organizes into compartments that can metabolize, grow, and produce diverse molecular species, establishing a possible route to the formation of a functional protocell.
4352h agoDisorder in non-Hermitian lattices leads to erratic non-Hermitian skin localization, characterized by macroscopic localization at irregular positions with subexponential decay, and surprisingly allows for ballistic transport despite strong spectral localization.
4352h agoRandom quantum states with a constrained energy expectation value display eigenstate condensation, developing macroscopic overlap with either the ground state or the most highly excited state.
4352h agoProbabilistic bits can be re-engineered to enable a range of configurable probabilistic activation functions in neural networks, allowing for more flexible and efficient neuron designs.
4352h agoGlasses have a type of vibrational excitation that contributes to an excess vibrational density of states, known as the boson peak, which arises from a dispersionless excitation band.
4352h agoA hybrid quantum-classical detection protocol substantially enhances the accuracy and robustness of photonic quantum reservoirs, enabling improved performance in quantum state classification, tomography, and feature regression.
4352h agoRandom disorder can generate exceptional points and topological phase transitions in a non-Hermitian lattice with nonreciprocal hopping.
4352h agoLight irradiation improves the spin thermoelectric performance of a ferromagnetic helical system by inducing spin-split transmission features and suppressing thermal conductance.
4352h agoVisual input does not measurably change the early neural response in the auditory cortex that helps people understand speech in noisy environments.
4352h agoThe brain's complex activity can be predicted by a graph neural network model that quantifies information exchange among brain areas, and this model can also help characterize diseases like Alzheimer's.
4356h agoA data-driven method called DEPR retrieves the effective point spread function and improves localization-based super-resolution imaging by accurately capturing spatially variant imaging characteristics, allowing for enhanced resolution and reduced computational burden.
4356h agoMice adjust their tongue movements to intercept a moving food pellet by using a mix of reactive and anticipatory strategies that depend on vision and intact brain circuits.
4356h agoHydrodynamically-activated Ca2+ signalling drives neural stem cell activation after injury, and this process can be targeted to limit aberrant cell growth in CNS cancers.
4356h agoThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms through gene expression controlled at the level of mRNA translation, with light stimulation inducing changes in protein levels through translational regulation.
4360h agoEarly uncoupling of electrical and calcium signals in capillary endothelial cells impairs functional hyperemia, reducing cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activity, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease before neurodegeneration and cognitive decline occur.
4360h agoThe cerebellum grows the most in adolescence, with different regions maturing at different rates, and growth stabilizes after adolescence.
4360h agoTDP-43 filaments accumulate at synapses, particularly in the presynaptic active zone, and this accumulation leads to presynaptic dysfunction and neuronal hyperexcitability.
4360h agoData leakage can occur in neural decoding studies through data preprocessing, leading to biased estimates of decoding performance and potentially invalid biological conclusions.
4360h agoCombining wide-field optical imaging with functional MRI reveals that neuronal infraslow dynamics underlie most of fMRI connectivity, and provides a tool for investigating neural activity from the cellular to whole-brain level.
4360h agoThe superior colliculus uses a population of neurons with spatially restricted receptive fields to accurately determine the location of a sound source.
4360h agoTemporal-lobe symmetry change scores in EEG recordings distinguish responders from non-responders to antidepressant treatment in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.
4360h agoHuman ventral tegmental area activity is selectively tuned to rewarding outcomes and reflects the expected value of chosen options during decision-making.
4360h agoTraumatic brain injury causes changes in white matter in females, and these changes are influenced by menopause timing and hormonal exposure, including the use and duration of hormone replacement therapy.
4364h agoSoluble Tau protein exists in distinct, dynamic conformations that can change under disease conditions, and these conformations can inhibit axonal transport and lead to neuronal toxicity.
4364h agoLithium primarily acts in the gut, not the brain, to trigger behavioral and physiological changes that protect individuals from ingested toxins and reduce arousal.
4364h agoHumans use a sub-linear scaling approach when selecting between competing explanations for sensory data, weighting evidence against model complexity in a way that is influenced by known biases in numerosity perception.
4364h agoStable individual signatures of brain activity can be isolated from resting state fMRI, reflecting persistent anatomical and physiological differences.
4364h agoDjungarian hamsters exhibit regular periods of motility during torpor, which are associated with increased brain activity, and may play a role in thermoregulation and retaining vigilance.
4364h agoCochlear implant input changes the neural mechanisms of prediction generation during language comprehension in deaf individuals.
4368h agoAstrocytes change with age in a region-specific way, showing increased reactivity, particularly in white matter and interlaminar astrocytes, in mouse lemurs.
4368h agoAstrocytes can be reprogrammed into functional neurons in the brain, enabling them to integrate into brain circuits and potentially allowing for circuit remodeling.
4368h agoPeople dynamically update task goals in uncertain situations by modulating neural task representations in the right frontoparietal network, which involves adjusting conjunctive and compositional task representations.
4368h agoDriving theta-gamma oscillations at the theta peak using tACS decreases extrasynaptic GABAergic tone in the primary motor cortex, which can facilitate motor learning and recovery.
4368h agoThe protein ADGRG1 regulates the development of pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes, which is necessary for myelin formation and rapid nerve signal transmission.
4368h agoWing mechanosensation modulates a subset of optic flow-sensitive descending neurons in butterflies by altering excitability and timing, not visual feature encoding.
4372h agoTwo novel behavioral tasks, the "shooting aliens task" and the "hands-attack task", show that overtrained conditions lead to increased insensitivity to outcome change, confirming the robustness of habitual behavior in humans.
4372h agoPlasticity across hierarchical brain circuits during sleep supports memory consolidation, abstraction, and energy efficiency by reorganizing synaptic connectivity.
4376h agoLarge neural nets are intrinsically unreliable because their performance can't be reliably extrapolated from test cases to real-world use cases.
4376h agoThe resting motor threshold, but not short interval intracortical inhibition, varies with the size of the stimulating coil used in transcranial magnetic stimulation.
4376h agoThe abstract wavelet transform associated with the quasiregular representation of the $SE(2)$ group can be characterized by a dual Gramian matrix for a modulated gaussian mother wavelet.
4376h agoPrenatal exposure to psychoactive substances such as cannabis shapes adolescent brain organization in ways that can be identified using a new graph neural network-based framework called NeuroKoop.
4376h agoA new framework called complex-valued phase synchrony (CVPS) captures the relative timing of interactions in complex systems, such as the brain, more accurately than existing methods.
4376h agoA novel graph neural network estimates local brain age across the cortical surface at high spatial resolution, identifying prefrontal and parietal association cortices as early sites of morphometric aging.
4376h agoTask-modulated contrastive learning integrates top-down information to enable continual learning from unlabeled data and sparsely labeled examples without compromising generalization.
4376h agoA new framework enables efficient GPU-accelerated simulation of sparse neural networks with structural plasticity, allowing for faster training times and reduced computational requirements while maintaining performance.
4376h agoThe neural signature for reasoning appears later and involves different brain areas than signatures for lexicon, syntax, and meaning when processing language.
4376h agoA machine learning approach using clinical testing and MRI data improves diagnosis of atypical Alzheimer's disease patients by increasing correct diagnoses from 52% to 69% and from 34% to 77% in two tested groups.
4376h agoPedestrian flow models at different scales help understand complex interactions among large groups of people, with microscopic models describing individual interactions and macroscopic models providing insights into overall dynamics.
4376h agoThe Recursive Gradient Profile Function reveals fractal properties in the Ulam-Warburton Cellular Automaton by assigning grayscale values to newly activated cells according to their generation index.
4376h agoA new geometric observable directly measures the growth rate of localized sets in dissipative dynamical systems, linking its scaling coefficient to the Kolmogorov Sinai entropy in uniformly hyperbolic systems.
4376h agoA decentralized network architecture with simple nanomachines interacting via a diffusive medium maximizes information propagation and processing capacity at the edge of chaos.
4376h agoRandomness leads to order in a system of particles interacting on curved surfaces, with the particles organizing into lower-dimensional structures such as bands, rings, and clusters depending on the surface geometry.
4376h agoEvolutionary processes influence common-pool resource conservation by generating new traits that modify the feedback between population strategies and the resource state, and institutional incentives can prevent the Tragedy of the Commons.
4376h agoInformation can evolve through non-equilibrium dynamics without genes or predefined fitness functions, driven by a process called Stability-Driven Assembly that favors longer-lived motifs.
4376h agoA formal framework proposes a noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy that is covariant under SU(3) and compatible with a Lorentzian structure.
4376h agoA new synchronization mechanism enables stable communication between nonlinear lasers over long distances in turbulent environments, reducing desynchronization events and increasing high-quality synchronization probability.
4376h agoThe analysis of a second-order linear differential equation reveals that time-delay and time-to-collision are direct metrics of zero-dissipation under equilibrium and synchronization states in traffic, exhibiting periodic evolution trajectories and resulting in a phase diagram that bridges dynamical behaviors.
4376h agoExtended Self-Similarity scaling emerges in the propagation of coherent light in a multimode fiber, producing complex speckle patterns from linear mode interference with scaling exponents similar to those in nonlinear systems.
4376h agoThe Toner-Tu-Swift-Hohenberg equations have a finite-dimensional compact global attractor on a periodic domain, with a Lyapunov dimension that matches the heuristic prediction based on the Swift-Hohenberg length scale.
4376h agoThe outcome of social competition between rival movements depends on the stability of individual dispositions, with environmental stability determining whether raising the cost of participation leads to unity or total fragmentation.
4376h agoA new framework learns effective Langevin equations from stationary time series, guaranteeing a match between the surrogate model and the observed steady-state density and temporal correlations.
4376h agoA mean-field formulation of a probabilistic cellular automaton can approximate the logistic equation only with an infinite-range neighborhood.
4376h agoQuantum machine learning algorithms have a fundamental protection against adversarial attacks due to their quantum properties, which can guarantee robustness against classically-armed adversaries in certain scenarios.
4376h agoThe classification of 4 x 4 solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation is now complete, including both regular solutions and additional non-regular solutions that have been identified.
4376h agoA simple nonlinear differential equation describes global population growth over the past 12,000 years and predicts possible future scenarios, including a potential halving of the global population due to resource depletion.
4376h agoNonlinear threshold-cascade dynamics in connected interaction networks enable structured functional organization to emerge and be temporarily supported, helping to overcome the problem of combinatorial feasibility in the origin of life.
4376h agoA phase transition in duplication-divergence growing graphs with symmetric coupled divergence occurs at a divergence rate $\delta_c$, which is linked to the largest connected component transition.
4376h agoThe collapse of the spectral gap in complex dynamical systems drives them toward a low-dimensional attractor, but an Adaptive Spectral Negative Coupling (ASNC) operator can stabilize the system by functioning as a state-dependent high-pass filter.
4376h agoTraining synaptic nonlinearity yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance-parameter scaling than conventional linear weight-based networks.
4376h agoThe Binary Intrinsic Dimension (BID) analysis reveals that the Hopfield model's phases and transitions have distinct scaling patterns, with linear scaling in retrieval and paramagnetic phases and sublinear scaling in the spin-glass phase.
4376h agoThe Tool-Narayanaswamy material-time concept works better for simulating physical aging in a binary liquid after a small temperature increase than after a large temperature increase.
4376h agoInter-particle interaction breaks down the quantization of pumped charge in the bosonic quasiperiodic Aubry-Andr{\'e} model, and the pumped charge changes sharply as interaction strength increases.
4376h agoExtending hyperuniformity to quantum fluctuations in electron systems identifies quantum phase transitions and reveals underlying gap structures through the quantum weight.
4376h agoRandomness leads to order in a system of particles interacting on curved surfaces, with the particles organizing into lower-dimensional structures such as bands, rings, and clusters depending on the surface geometry.
4376h agoMany-body localization of mid-spectrum eigenstates does not occur in two dimensions, and a critical disorder strength exists for localization to prevail in one-dimensional ladders.
4376h agoA study on a one-dimensional quasiperiodic tight-binding model reveals that dissipation can induce localization-delocalization transitions and that states prepared farther from the steady state can relax faster than states initialized closer to it.
4376h agoDisorder can induce topological phases of matter in systems without translation symmetry, and research has made progress in understanding these phases in various systems.
4376h agoTraining synaptic nonlinearity yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance-parameter scaling than conventional linear weight-based networks.
4376h agoQuantum Neural Networks can accurately represent exchange-correlation functionals in Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory, yielding energy profiles that match reference results for molecules, including those not used in training.
4376h agoA simple nonlinear differential equation describes global population growth over the past 12,000 years and predicts possible future scenarios, including a potential halving of the global population due to resource depletion.
4376h agoProjected ensembles, specifically the partial projected ensemble (PPE), track the causal lightcone of information spreading and reveal how scrambling dynamics are encoded in ensemble structure.
4376h agoDense Associative Memory models learn interpretable solutions to supervised and unsupervised classification problems and their weights follow a saddle-point hierarchy that can be exploited to improve training stability and efficiency.
4376h agoQAOA parameter transfer from small problems to large problems provides generally improved solutions as the algorithm depth increases, often converging close to the true ground-state energy.
4376h agoDisordered quantum codes, called "cored product codes", can be used to create self-correcting quantum memories in three dimensions, with simulations showing that memory lifetime increases with system size below a critical temperature.
4376h agoThe brain's molecular layer interneurons develop persistent activity related to sensory input, which enables mice to make anticipatory movements by encoding sensory information.
4376h agoThe striatum's inhibitory microcircuits, composed of different types of interneurons, are distributed unevenly across its territories, with distinct patterns shown by somatostatin, parvalbumin, and tyrosine hydroxylase interneurons.
4376h agoThe dimensionality of neural data increases with the number of recorded neurons, not with task complexity, and supervised learning methods can effectively decode neural states from large datasets.
4376h agoNeuron populations in the motor cortex change their coordinated activity patterns over short timescales, with fast switches and slow modifications, which can be triggered by a common physiological mechanism and impact behavioral performance.
4376h agoThe type of mathematical model used to represent subthalamic nucleus neurons determines whether the subthalamopallidal loop increases or decreases beta oscillations associated with Parkinson's disease.
4376h agoA mutation in AMPA receptors disrupts the development of synaptic and metabolic programs in the hippocampus, leading to impaired synapse maturation, delayed mitochondrial stress, and enduring circuit dysfunction.
4376h agoInhibitory regulation of Vglut1-expressing BLA-to-NAc neurons strengthens stimulus-outcome associations, and conditioning-associated inhibitory plasticity in this pathway refines motivated behavior.
4376h agoStress exposure early in life has lasting effects on the brain that differ by sex, affecting the onset of stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression.
4376h agoSemilunar granule cells exhibit increased intrinsic excitability and altered synaptic connections during epileptogenesis, which may contribute to enhanced network excitability and spatial navigation deficits in epilepsy.
4376h agoHigher cortical regions dynamically reconfigure sensory representations in the ventral temporal cortex to support cognitive flexibility, with the timing of task instructions changing how identical visual stimuli are processed.
4376h agoPulsed transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation causes pupil dilation when active and sham stimulation are intermixed, but its effect depends on the location of sham stimulation, not on the phase of respiration.
4376h agoDynamic inter-network connectivity entropy (DICE) metrics reveal a multidimensional signature of altered entropy dynamics in schizophrenia, including distinct pathophysiological signatures and differential associations with symptom dimensions.
4376h agoManipulating the delay and amplification of self-produced footstep sounds changes gait dynamics, with amplification without delay reducing variability and delay increasing walking cadence.
4380h agoThe N1 potential, a cortical response during reactive balance control, is mainly influenced by a central midline cortical region covering the supplementary motor area (SMA), and multiple brain sources contribute to its timing.
4384h agoSingle-channel in-ear EEG reliably detects cognitive distraction during driving, providing a temporally precise and low-burden neural marker that closely matches the detection capabilities of full-cap scalp EEG.
4384h agoSqueakPose Studio, along with SqueakView and MouseHouse, provides a unified platform that enables pose estimation for both offline analysis and real-time deployment on embedded edge-computing devices.
4384h agoA normative model of multimodal brain structure-function linkages is created using over 15,000 subjects' MRI scans, which serves as a template to guide and standardize analysis of new datasets.
4384h agoTau pathology in Alzheimer's disease spreads from subcortical areas to the cortex as infra-slow global brain activity decreases with degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
4384h agoA modular framework for spike sorting allows for individual benchmarking of algorithmic steps, leading to the creation of component-based spike sorters that can outperform existing solutions.
4384h agoDifferences in gene expression, particularly in hormone signaling and neuronal functions, between two Xenopus frog species may explain the distinct vocal behaviors they produce.
4384h agoDirectional tactile motion can be inferred from temporal phase differences between two spatially static vibrotactile inputs, and this is influenced by the phase relationship, envelope dynamics, and spatial configuration of the stimuli.
4384h agoThe magnitude of inhibition between olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory sensilla of Drosophila melanogaster depends on adaptation, limiting its role in fast odor processing.
4384h agoA new model represents complex scenes in working memory as a noisy vector of neural firing rates, accounting for variations in behavioral performance and brain activity when storing real-world scenes.
4384h agoThe accumulation of amyloid-{beta} leads to a rapid decline in neuronal density followed by a loss in memory and learning ability.
4384h agoBeta-band activity in motor and parietal areas increases after getting correct feedback in a decision-making task, especially when the decision was uncertain.
4384h agoSudden onsets produce strong and peak-structured neural decoding of natural scenes, whereas gradual onsets result in weaker and more diffuse decoding.
4384h agoSystemic delivery of an engineered virus supports robust and widespread expression of a calcium indicator in the common marmoset, enabling minimally invasive multi-scale functional optical imaging in awake, behaving animals.
4384h agoPeople with postictal psychosis and schizophrenia share similar impairments in associative memory and inference, and have disrupted theta activity in the brain during memory tasks.
4384h agoParticipants learning a dance sequence while listening to music showed improved performance accuracy and timing over repeated practice sessions.
4384h agoActivation in specific regions of the occipito-temporal cortex predicts behavioural performance when people categorise images of faces, bodies, and scenes.
4388h agoChronic colitis causes a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain, which can lead to Parkinson's Disease, and this effect is caused by the activation of microglia cells in the midbrain.
4388h agoThe subcortex_visualization package provides a unified framework for programmatically visualizing non-cortical brain data across multiple subcortical and cerebellar parcellation atlases.
4392h agoNeural signals for muscles that work together and against each other remain coupled after limb amputation and targeted muscle reinnervation.
4400h agoPerspective tokens, which encode orientation through embodied cues or abstract representations, improve multimodal language models' ability to adopt another agent's visual perspective and perform spatial reasoning.
4400h agoConscious experience creates additional degrees of causal freedom that are unpredictable and unobservable by sequential means, providing a fundamental principle about consciousness that bridges it with physics.
4400h agoState Space Models help bridge the gap between detailed neural circuits and cognitive functions by producing emergent behaviors from biophysical processes.
4400h agoOptogenetic activation of specific neurons in the rostral Pedunculopontine nucleus induces transient motor arrest and couples motor inhibition with reinforcement-related behavioral circuitry.
4400h agoFast-changing parameters in a dynamical system can cause critical transitions even without bifurcations, through a phenomenon called rate-induced tipping, which is controlled by non-attracting fractal sets in phase and parameter space.
4400h agoIntegrable boundary states can be generalized for the anisotropic Heisenberg chain under various boundary conditions.
4400h agoQuasi-resonant collisions create a localized stem structure that connects the vertices of two V-shaped structures, and this phenomenon is studied in the context of the KPII and KPI equations to analyze the resulting soliton and breather-soliton solutions.
4400h agoTipping behavior in continuous-time nonlinear systems occurs when chaos forces a multistable system across a bifurcation threshold, and this behavior is characterized by tipping windows defined by unstable periodic orbits of the chaos.
4400h agoThe focusing gauged MKdV (FGMKdV) equation is reduced from the real part of the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, and its real hyperelliptic solutions are constructed using data from hyperelliptic curves.
4400h agoActive matter systems can process information optimally when their dynamics are slightly below a critical damping threshold, allowing them to robustly compute and infer future states of chaotic signals.
4400h agoA general method for constructing a fuzzy cellular automaton allows for diverse and complex time-evolution patterns to be generated by using a wide range of fuzzification functions.
4400h agoMachine learning simulations reveal how metal-organic frameworks change into catalysts at high temperatures and how adding copper affects this process.
4400h agoThe curvature evolution of the loss landscape, measured by critical sharpness, captures key phenomena in neural network training, and can be used to analyze and inform large-scale training practices.
4400h agoA multifractal model analyzes neutron evolution in a reactor, describing stochastic systems with hierarchically subordinate statistical ensembles and identifying characteristics such as dimensions, entropy, and a multifractal spectrum function.
4400h agoDefects at finite-temperature topological transitions belong to a new topological universality class when weak disorder is present.
4400h agoDifferent types of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) cause distinct disruptions in speech recognition, particularly affecting brief consonants but not sustained vowels, leading to difficulties in noisy environments.
4400h agoHigher-order thalamus plays a key role in schizophrenia pathophysiology, and restoring its activity can normalize alterations in connected brain regions.
4400h agoAdolescent social isolation facilitates tau propagation in brainstem serotonergic circuits, leading to neuropsychiatric dysfunction and altered pain perception.
4400h agoA specific circuit configuration controls the timing of ventral oblique muscle activation to generate distinct crawling behaviors in Drosophila larvae.
4408h agoRepeated odor exposure reshapes population activity in the olfactory bulb through three forms of representational change, while preserving the relative geometry of odor response vectors.
4408h agoPeripheral injury reprograms oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord, leading to chronic pain through the release of beta-amyloid peptides.
4412h agoAccurate formation of a new sensorimotor skill depends on combining information about movement direction and target position.
4412h agoCocaine and foot shock activate different groups of neurons in the nucleus accumbens, with cocaine mainly activating dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons and foot shock activating both D1 and D2 receptor-expressing neurons.
4420h agoThe new framework enables detection of left-right asymmetries along major white-matter pathways, revealing patterns that differentiate people with normal cognition from those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
4420h agoThe ventral hippocampus uses different types of neurons to regulate specific anxiety-related behaviors, with pyramidal neurons encoding general anxiety information and interneuron subclasses selectively recruited for behaviors involving threat exposure or decision-making.
4420h agoThe alpha band activity in the brain is made up of three distinct components that determine individual differences in perceptual and cognitive functions.
4420h agoGlial lipid dysregulation is widespread but spatially specialized in Alzheimer's disease, with plaque-associated microglia and white matter tracts showing distinct metabolic changes that intensify with age.
4420h agoTHC enhances responses to appetitive stimuli by selectively modulating mesocorticolimbic circuitry, particularly through the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA), to increase incentive salience and motivational drive toward reward-associated stimuli.
4424h agoPromoting ketone body usage mitigates brain energy disruption caused by systemic inflammation and prevents delirium-like cognitive deficits in aged mice.
4424h agoVisual stimulation and internal brain state modulate communication between different layers of the brain's visual cortex through distinct mechanisms.
4424h agoExternal stimuli can involuntarily reactivate matching working memory representations, and this effect is driven by increased evidence accumulation during decision-making processes.
4424h agoA new assay called PRO-FitS uses worms to screen for compounds that improve protein health, helping to identify potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins.
4424h agoOverexpressing certain genes in fibroblasts enables them to improve blood flow, reduce Alzheimer's disease symptoms, and decrease amyloid-beta load in mice brains.
4428h agoStressful events do not significantly affect disease severity in mice with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and these mice have normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
4428h agoThe nervous system of C. elegans detects hydrogen peroxide through a neural circuit that drives the worm to escape from environmental hydrogen peroxide.
4428h agoA new microbiopsy technique allows sampling of specific brain regions in living mice, enabling analysis of gene expression and epigenetic changes without harming the animal.
4428h agoContinuous-Time weighted Dynamic Bayesian Networks (CTwDBN) uncover smoothly time-varying conditional dependencies in neural systems, revealing temporal fluctuations in cortical networks during tasks and persistent fluctuations in the resting-state cortex.
4428h agoPeople use changes in the pattern of light and dark areas in a scene, not just the brightest spot, to figure out the color of objects under different lighting conditions.
4428h agoTranscutaneous spinal cord stimulation over the cervical or lumbar spinal cord works differently, with simulations showing that somatosensory afferents are more easily stimulated than motor efferents, and region-specific synaptic transmission and volume conduction explain the differences.
4428h agoTangential insertions of high-density electrode probes into the hippocampus enable the recording of a large number of neurons and neural activity across a wide area, increasing the resolution and spatial extent of brain activity monitoring.
4428h agoThe peptide D6PV enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin repair by stimulating mitochondrial function and suppressing inflammation, leading to improved remyelination in demyelinating disorders.
4428h agoSaturated reddish hues produce the strongest gamma oscillations in visual processing, and this selectivity is reduced when colors are desaturated or measured with less direct recording methods.
4428h agoExtracellular vesicles have different molecular profiles depending on their origin, with those from brain tissue enriched in neuronal and glial proteins, and those from plasma reflecting immune and metabolic functions.
4436h agoA brain-computer interface using EEG and auditory inputs helps improve phonological processing in adults with developmental dyslexia by optimising brain patterns related to speech-sound processing.
4448h agoDeliberate mind-wandering is characterized by stronger alpha band functional connectivity across brain networks, especially between the salience network, control network, and default mode network, whereas spontaneous mind-wandering shows no significant connectivity differences.
4448h agoThe brain's decision-making process treats evidence the same whether it comes from sensory input, memory, or learned calculations.
4448h agoPremature birth affects brain development, and a new model using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-derived white matter features can accurately predict brain age in neonates, but it does not provide additional information about the infant's health beyond conventional clinical and demographic measures.
4448h agoTask-related GABA levels in the motor cortex strongly predict early brain responses to stimulation, while resting-state measures are more relevant for predicting brain responses in the prefrontal cortex.
4448h agoLong-term expression of PI3Kδ in neurons promotes axonal regeneration without causing tumors or other harmful side effects, providing a potential safe strategy for repairing spinal cord injuries.
4448h agoTau aggregates in Alzheimer's disease spread through the brain's structural connections, driven by cellular mechanisms including directional transport, toxic protein production, and exosome-mediated release and uptake.
4452h agoImage quality affects fetal brain normative models, causing biased centile estimates when lower-quality data is included, especially in the outer centiles.
4452h agoLoss of normal Tau function in the adult brain causes neuronal atrophy, malfunction, and cognitive and mood deficits, which can be reversed by Tau re-expression or epigenetic correction.
4452h agoThe brain uses retinal curl, caused by eye movements, directly to estimate heading, making it unnecessary to recover the Focus of Expansion.
4452h agoKCNQ4 is essential for outer hair cell repolarization, maturation, and maintenance of cochlear efferent synapses.
4452h agoThe shoulder complex's musculoskeletal redundancy allows for versatile motor behaviour, and simulations show that biomechanical demands shape the feasible muscle activity patterns, with varying possibilities especially at greater task intensities.
4452h agoThe choroid plexus outside the ventricles produces 5.42 times more cerebrospinal fluid than the lateral ventricles, indicating the lateral ventricles are not the primary site of cerebrospinal fluid production.
4452h agoCaMKII forms clusters through interactions with itself, and this cluster formation is regulated by its activation and spatial confinement.
4452h agoThe human hippocampus' computational functions rely on coordinated interactions among DG, CA3, and CA1 subfields; a new protocol directs human pluripotent stem cells to yield DG, CA3, and CA1 neuronal subtypes and hippocampal astrocytes.
4452h agoCromolyn, a GPR35 agonist, inhibits the sensitisation of pain-causing ion channels by reducing inflammation, suggesting its potential as an alternative to opioid painkillers.
4452h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: As people practice goal-directed actions, their sense of time changes, with subjective time expanding before acting and this effect growing as actions become more refined.
4456h agoStroke survivors have lower levels of a key brain chemical that indicates healthy brain cells in the part of the brain that processes sensory information from the hand.
4456h agoThe glymphatic system's clearance of waste from the central nervous system is crucial for maintaining neural health, and impairments in this system are linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. or Impairments in the glymphatic system are linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and this system is crucial for clearing waste from the central nervous system. However, as per your request for directly reporting main findings, ideas or summary. Here is a rewritten sentence. The glymphatic system clears waste from the central nervous system through fluid exchange.
4456h agoSnord116 regulates Nhlh2 mRNA levels by controlling its distribution between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and its deletion disrupts this process, leading to changes in gene expression in Prader-Willi Syndrome.
4456h agoCntnap2 KO mice show age-dependent changes in brain networks and behavior, including increased reactivity, disrupted nesting behavior, and altered interneuron and microglial networks.
4456h agoDyrk1a protein levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and inhibiting this protein with DYR533 reduces tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and amyloidosis, and improves behavior and memory in mouse models.
4456h agoEpigenetic changes in the brain are induced by brain activity, chemical exposures, and genetic mutations, and are mediated by genes like gadd45b, leading to changes in brain activity and behavior.
4456h agoRegional variations in cortical properties, such as myelin and excitation-inhibition balance, shape the speed and pattern of brain activity waves across the cortex.
4464h agoAstrocyte-secreted IGFBP2 mediates synaptic deficits in Rett syndrome, and treatment with an IGF1-derived peptide restores synapse formation by promoting IGFBP2 degradation.
4464h agoAdolescent intermittent ethanol exposure increases Mettl3 expression in specific brain regions and cell types, particularly in neurons within the central amygdala and hippocampus.
4464h agoSomatic mutations in the mTOR signaling pathway cause changes in cell states within the human cortex, leading to two hallmark cell types, dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells, which contribute to drug-resistant epilepsy.
4464h agoAstrocytes transfer mitochondria to neurons to support mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury, and this transfer helps protect neurons from injury.
4464h agoThe ventral temporal cortex uses domain-general features to form a unique structure that assists object classification, and dynamically adjusts this structure during object recognition to influence the separability of objects.
4468h agoFemale adults have higher spindle density, sigma and delta power during sleep than male adults, and more research is needed to understand sex-specific differences in sleep patterns and insomnia.
4468h agoNicotine disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the nervous system, causing hyperactivity and changes in behavior and neural activity through dopamine-mediated circuits.
4468h agoRNA G-quadruplex-binding proteins directly regulate essential glial cell functions that are frequently impaired in Alzheimer's Disease.
4468h agoA unified model explains how the brain integrates multisensory information to plan and execute goal-directed movements, by linking confidence in causal inference to reaction time and neural signals in the superior colliculus.
4468h agoIncreased Cdkn1a expression in peripheral sensory neurons is linked to nerve injury and neuropathic pain, with a sex-dependent effect in female rats.
4468h agoPrecisely timed neural activity sequences in the olfactory bulbs help mice rapidly recognize odors by carrying concentration-invariant information about odor identity and training the brain to learn generalizable odor representations.
4468h agoImproved bioluminescent calcium sensors enable high-sensitivity detection of calcium dynamics in muscle and neuronal tissues in living animals.
4468h agoAnodal transcranial direct current stimulation accelerates remyelination, increases oligodendroglial survival and maturation, and preserves functional connectivity in a mouse model of cortical myelin injury.
4468h agoSerial dependence in perception originates from higher-level categorical perception, not physical stimulus representations, and neural signals encode emotional ambiguity and carry traces of past stimuli.
4468h agoDeletions in the NRXN1 gene that affect specific isoforms result in unique and overlapping behavioral deficits, including locomotion, sensorimotor, and social behavior problems.
4468h agoThe dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is critical for the performance of skilled action sequences, and its modulation by D2 receptors determines the correct execution of these sequences.
4468h agoA predictive motor circuit in flies releases two transmitters, Dh44 and histamine, to modify auditory neurons and suppress sound processing during different behaviors, such as courtship and escape.
4468h agoOptimizing proximity-based proteomics using TurboID enables cell-type specific profiling with increased depth of proteome coverage, identifying thousands of proteins in microglia and astrocytes, and revealing new biological and disease-relevant insights.
4468h agoBasal radial glia with different shapes have different behaviors, proliferation abilities, and gene expressions, and these differences determine their roles in human brain development.
4468h agoCurrent AI systems struggle to store specific episodic facts without corrupting general semantic knowledge because they lack a separation between fast episodic storage and slow semantic learning.
4472h agoComplementarity is best understood as a principle that limits what can be known and represented at the same time, rather than a statement about the nature of reality, and this idea reveals a tension between descriptive completeness and contextual meaning.
4472h agoLarge Language Models can generate psychometric responses that closely match those of real individuals with neurodevelopmental traits, such as ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder, when grounded in a structured qualitative interview.
4472h agoBrain function can be modeled using sheaf theory, where local neural functions are represented as sections of a sheaf and global coherence is achieved through the existence of global sections.
4472h agoSustained exposure to the ventriloquist illusion causes a change in auditory localization, with recalibration happening early in the auditory processing pathway and the after-effect fading over time.
4472h agoContinuous attractor networks can learn to make stable transitions between states, but only when stability is enforced over a long period, and the network's topology limits its ability to do so.
4472h agoA new method called neurocircuit mechanism decomposition (NMD) helps identify brain circuits linked to psychopathology and guides treatment by breaking down functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data into specific biomechanisms.
4472h agoA new method replaces nonlinear functions of noise with a Gaussian-equivalent process to derive a closed dynamical mean-field theory for recurrent neuronal networks.
4472h agoEfficient control of emotional memories is supported by distinct brain networks that are shaped by anxiety, with different connections associated with suppression of positive and negative memories.
4472h agoA machine learning approach using clinical tests and MRI data improves diagnosis of atypical Alzheimer's disease patients by increasing correct diagnoses from 52% to 69% and from 34% to 77% in two tested groups.
4472h agoPost-hoc trial selection in studies of unconscious cognition constitutes a sampling fallacy that wrongly ascribes unconscious processing to stimulus conditions that may be easily discriminable.
4472h agoThe protocol, based on a Gaussian-linear hidden Markov model, analyzes brain dynamics and their associations with behavioral, physiological, and other variables.
4472h agoA novel model learns to encode hearing loss from neural activity recordings in the auditory midbrain, accurately predicting neural responses in both normal hearing and hearing-impaired animals.
4472h agoCortical traveling waves and spike-timing-dependent plasticity could work together to support long-term working memory by creating a temporary network that lasts for hours.
4472h agoNeural networks with multiple discrete attractors have stable fixed points below a critical load that depends on neural activity statistics and single-neuron activation functions.
4472h agoThe dla-ideal-solver framework simulates two-dimensional Diffusion-Limited Aggregation, confirming a fractal dimension of 1.71 in dilute regimes and a crossover to Eden-like growth with a fractal dimension of 1.87 in high-density environments.
4472h agoThe two-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation has three scalar conserved quantities - mass, momentum, and energy - and a vector-valued quantity, with most of them preserved in numerical simulations except for a systematic temporal drift in the x-component.
4472h agoTraining the synaptic nonlinearity in physical neural networks yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance compared to conventional linear weight-based networks.
4472h agoQuantum information scrambling enables a generic SWAP gate between collective degrees of freedom in systems without universal local control.
4472h agoThe critical speed for superfluid flow of a two-dimensional binary superfluid of light past an optical obstacle is determined by Landau's criterion and depends on the obstacle's strength and the superfluid's density and spin modes.
4472h agoFingerprint labyrinthine patterns coarsen through localized junction and terminal defects, leading to slow, nondiffusive dynamics distinct from conventional phase ordering and stripe coarsening.
4472h agoA novel operator describes a random walk process on a simplicial complex, allowing walkers to move across simplices of different dimensions and providing a natural ranking of their relative importance.
4472h agoChaotic Kramers' law holds in bistable systems forced by fast chaotic dynamics if the amplitude of the chaotic forcing is large enough.
4472h agoAdaptive rewiring of connections based on node similarity can drive complex structural self-organization in networks, leading to three distinct phases: random connectivity, community structure, and fragmentation.
4472h agoTraining the synaptic nonlinearity in physical neural networks yields higher task performance per physical resource and improved performance compared to conventional linear weight-based networks.
4472h agoA notion of momentum for non-translation symmetric states directly encodes the nature of their entanglement in 1D systems.
4472h agoMobility edge positions in quasiperiodic systems are structurally constrained across related Hamiltonians, restricting them to a reduced set of energies.
4472h agoA new method based on the message-passing algorithm identifies clusters of synchronized nodes in large networks by exploiting collective behavior emerging across critical points of an effective Ising-like model.
4472h agoWavepackets can be used to probe transport properties with improved energy resolution, and this approach reveals an energy-dependent localization transition in the Anderson model on an 8x7 lattice.
4472h agoNeural networks with multiple discrete attractors have stable fixed points below a critical load that depends on neural activity statistics and single-neuron activation functions.
4472h agoIntroducing non-monotonic transfer functions into the Hopfield associative memory model enhances its retrieval performance, and applying dynamical mean-field theory accurately characterizes the model's macroscopic dynamical properties.
4472h agoLewy body disease groups show increased flexibility in brain activity, which is linked to cognitive fluctuations, REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms, and decreased integrity of a key brain region, the locus coeruleus.
4472h agoA novel graph neural network estimates local brain age across the cortical surface at high spatial resolution using morphometric features, identifying prefrontal and parietal association cortices as early sites of aging and linking morphological aging to cognitive decline.
4476h agoThe stability of phase-locked solutions in oscillator networks increases with system size and this leads to the stabilization of persistent currents in annular atomic superfluids with periodic barriers.
4476h agoChanges in the way neurons work at a small scale can lead to large-scale brain problems, and research shows that unstable electrical activity in neurons, caused by variability in certain channels, is linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's and epilepsy.
4476h agoIncreased alpha power makes mind-wandering more likely when people have their eyes open, but less likely when they have their eyes closed.
4476h agoAbout 10% of adults aged 70 and older show stable episodic memory performance over a decade, and this stability is linked to lower rates of brain atrophy.
4476h agoSignal space beamforming (SSB) suppresses environmental noise and movement artefacts in optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) for wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG), allowing for effective data collection in complex experimental situations.
4480h agoAdolescent use of prescription opioids causes long-term impairments in neurobehavioral and neurocognitive development by leading to sex-dependent glutamatergic dysregulation, which underlies dendritic spine dysmorphology in the anterior cingulate cortex.
4480h agoClonazepam activates the TRPM8 ion channel, which likely explains its effectiveness in treating burning mouth disorder.
4480h agoSuperior cognitive performance in adulthood is associated with greater cortical thickness in regions of the brain responsible for movement, sight, hearing, and higher-level thinking, especially in midlife.
4480h agoFocused-attention meditation changes brain activity by reducing patterns linked to self-reference and memory, and increasing patterns that support attention and internal monitoring.
4480h agoGABAB receptors mainly mediate presynaptic inhibition at the Ia afferent synapse, and their expression decreases after spinal cord injury, contributing to reflex hyperexcitability.
4480h agoA 3D convolutional neural network with a trainable continuous wavelet transform layer and bidirectional contrastive learning pre-training enables accurate sub-second seizure detection from EEG data.
4480h agoThe P301L/S320F double-mutant tau protein forms a structurally unique and highly aggregation-prone fold that leads to rapid tau aggregation in mice.
4480h agoAging causes changes in the brain's dorsal hippocampus-nucleus accumbens pathway that lead to memory problems, and reducing the pathway's activity improves memory in aged mice.
4480h agoOpioid exposure increases the density of perineuronal nets in the ventral pallidum, which in turn drives opioid seeking by regulating the activity of parvalbumin-expressing neurons.
4480h agoInfants and adults expect a metal ball to sink in water because of their understanding of material properties.
4480h agoAlzheimer's disease causes early disruptions in synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, leading to changes in reward-related behavior, before cognitive decline and plaque deposition.
4480h agoMitochondrial loss occurs early in injured mature oligodendrocytes, leading to prolonged cell survival without them, and this loss may be an early marker of oligodendrocyte pathology.
4480h agoParkinson's disease protein signatures in plasma are linked to disease duration, therapy, and underlying mechanisms that can be targeted for treatment.
4480h agoPRISME, a MATLAB toolbox, enables large-scale power benchmarking and method comparison for neuroimaging research by providing a flexible and unified framework for empirical power analysis.
4480h agoA novel statistical framework called UGEE enables efficient and accurate analysis of multimodal neuroimaging data, yielding interpretable results that distinguish between location and scale effects.
4480h agoThe transcription factor Gata4 promotes spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish by preserving glial identity and regulating extracellular matrix remodeling, and its loss leads to scar formation and impaired motor recovery.
4480h agoSomatostatin-expressing neurons in the lateral and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG) act as a premotor gate to control ultrasonic vocalizations in mice by coordinating motor programs and transmitting signals to other brain areas.
4484h agoMost ALT neurons in the spinal cord are specifically sensitive to harmless warming or cooling and play a crucial role in temperature discrimination.
4488h agoThe MED-based method detects more neuronal spikes than the RMS-based method during burst periods, and the combined detection and de-duplication method, DP-MED, offers more precision and is less computationally expensive than Kilosort-4.
4488h agoSema4D promotes inhibitory synapse formation by coordinating dynamic changes in pre- and postsynaptic compartments, increasing colocalization of presynaptic GAD65 protein assemblies and postsynaptic gephyrin scaffolds, and recruiting GABAAR subunits to immature scaffolds.
4492h agoTheta voltage oscillations in axons contribute to coordinating hippocampal activity between subregions by driving stronger synaptic release of transmitter.
4492h agoNALCN regulates the basal excitability of GABAergic inhibitory circuits and cortical circuit function, particularly in GABAergic interneurons, where its loss reduces intrinsic excitability and impairs contextual adaptation and spatial short-term memory.
4492h agoAstrocyte death is caused by microglia that are recruited when astrocytes expose the membrane lipid phosphatidylserine on their surface.
4492h agoThe Allen Mouse Brain Atlas now maps gene expression for 4,083 genes at a higher resolution of 25 {micro}m3, allowing exploration of gene expression patterns online.
4492h agoMechanical ventilation increases the risk of cerebral anomalies in very preterm babies, while prolonged parenteral nutrition protects against white matter anomalies, and both mechanical ventilation and being born small for gestational age reduce cerebral volumes.
4496h agoClassification accuracy of small-scale spiking neural networks mainly depends on the number of categories, with the number of neurons and stimulus nodes having relatively minor effects.
4496h agoSchizophrenia gamma deficits are mainly caused by shifts in excitation-inhibition operating point and gain rather than input differences.
4496h agoPeople construct simplified representations of their environment to efficiently simulate and make predictions, using a "Just-in-Time" framework that interleaves simulation, visual search, and representation modification.
4496h agoHuman cognition follows a daily rhythm that affects language use on social media, with semantic exploration peaking in the morning and semantic diversity peaking later in the day.
4496h agoCognitive function is controlled by the collective organization of dynamical time scales, not by microscopic units or precise activity patterns.
4496h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity depends on both pre- and postsynaptic activity and can be explained by a normative theory that maximizes stimulus information under resource constraints.
4496h agoA novel graph neural network estimates local brain age across the cortical surface at high spatial resolution, identifying early sites of morphometric aging in prefrontal and parietal association cortices.
4496h agoVision Transformers naturally develop the ability to bind object features into a coherent whole through specific pretraining objectives, allowing them to represent which patches belong to the same object.
4496h agoA formal integral of motion is found for Hamiltonians with specific forms, which helps calculate invariant curves and orbits for various frequency ratios.
4496h agoThe superintegrability property of the Volterra model applies to the case of infinitely many competing species.
4496h agoA resonance phenomenon occurs within the hysteresis zone of finite-size systems undergoing a continuous phase transition, where the mean waiting time is maximized as a function of temperature.
4496h agoRoad safety must be managed as a complex system where risk evolves dynamically, and a systems thinking approach can identify and mitigate factors contributing to fatal outcomes.
4496h agoThe relationship between the texture and structure of butter during its production from cream is revealed through simulations, showing that differences in texture can be controlled by differences in microscopic structure.
4496h agoThe dynamical structure factor of a one-dimensional quantum gas of hard rods can be expressed exactly using an analytic formula that applies to any many-body state.
4496h agoCooperative effects in oscillator networks enhance stability of phase-locked solutions as system size increases, and this stabilization is observed in annular atomic superfluids with periodic barriers.
4496h agoUnstable periodic orbits' stability changes and bifurcations are key to understanding spatiotemporal chaos, and their stability under different perturbations can be revealed by analyzing the eigenvalues and stability exponents of coupled map lattice discretizations.
4496h agoThe dynamics of local observables in many-body Hamiltonian systems with integrable contact interactions and long-range two-body potentials can be described by a generalized Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy.
4496h agoBogoliubov waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates interact nonlinearly and trigger turbulent cascades, and a new Kolmogorov-like stationary spectrum for short waves and a complete analytical expression for the long-wave acoustic regime are derived.
4496h agoThe long-time asymptotics of small Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) solutions are derived from the inverse scattering theory and the stationary phase method.
4496h agoTwo approaches are presented for computing upper bounds on Lyapunov exponents, their sums, and Lyapunov dimension, which can imply bounds on the fractal dimension of a global attractor in dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations.
4496h agoFusion categories with a non-invertible, self-dual object give rise to integrable anyonic chains with a Hamiltonian density that satisfies the Temperley-Lieb algebra.
4496h agoNonlinear threshold-cascade dynamics in connected interaction networks enable structured functional organization to emerge and be temporarily supported, helping to overcome the problem of combinatorial feasibility in the origin of life.
4496h agoA one-dimensional non-Hermitian quasicrystal with a spatially disordered imaginary gauge field exhibits a transition from a fully erratic non-Hermitian skin effect phase to a fully localized phase, and an anomalous mobility edge separates Anderson-localized states from erratic non-Hermitian skin effect states.
4496h agoMachine learning models can regress scale-free processes, like earthquakes or avalanches, by leveraging their scale invariance, but face issues with spectral biases and coarse-grained representations.
4496h agoDisorder drives successive topological transitions in a single-wall nanotube, resulting in a robust topological Anderson phase that persists even at strong disorder.
4496h agoThe Falicov-Kimball model exhibits a Mott-like quantum critical point where a sub-diffusive metal with glassy dynamics separates a weakly ergodic metal from a non-ergodic insulator.
4496h agoMetastable states dominate a system's dynamics and influence the pathways through which energy landscapes are explored, and a new method based on a generalized many-body Arrhenius law can identify these states.
4496h agoDREADD activation induces profound changes in astrocytic gene expression profiles, with distinct transcriptomic responses and selective modulation of transcription factors for different DREADD subtypes.
4496h agoMultiple ensembles of neurons in the brain's auditory region work together with high precision to process and learn complex sounds, and these ensembles dynamically change as the sounds become more familiar.
4496h agoYouth with conduct disorder have a slightly accelerated brain age compared to typically developing youth, which may be a potential mechanism underlying the disorder.
4496h agoExcessive iron accumulation leads to ferroptosis, a form of cell death, in microglia, the brain's immune cells, causing neuroinflammation and neuronal loss.
4496h agoPupil diameter changes provide a biomarker of brain state, and a new software tool called Pupil-DLC can accurately track these changes in mice and humans.
4496h agoPopulation dynamics in the brain represent visual categories, attention, and task information across different stages of visual search, and these representations predict search efficiency and behavioral performance.
4496h agoVisual information helps people maintain balance while walking, and less clear visual information makes it harder to stay balanced, especially on winding paths.
4496h agoAgomelatine acts as a sex-selective modulator of Alzheimer's disease-related neuronal and microglial dysfunction, producing robust female-specific benefits by restoring cognitive performance, reducing microgliosis and tau phosphorylation, and enhancing neurogenesis.
4496h agoThe rostral Pedunculopontine nucleus couples motor inhibition with reinforcement-related behavioral circuitry, and its activation induces transient motor arrest and place preference in rats.
4500h agoDecoding accuracy of visual representations from EEG topography is reliable within participants across multiple sessions, tasks, attentional conditions, and visual features.
4500h agoTwo wavelengths of light are enough to mimic the effects of natural light on mammals, and adding a third wavelength makes the mimicry nearly perfect.
4500h agoRepeated exposure to cues without an outcome suppresses conditioned behavior but does not erase the underlying memory, whereas presenting outcomes without associated cues erases the memory.
4500h agoA glutamatergic population of neurons can excite or inhibit downstream partners depending on the type of glutamate receptor expressed, allowing the upstream population to pass on two different phases of the same signal.
4500h agoAutistic youth mostly use abstract representations, not specific examples, to generalize knowledge to new situations, and this ability is linked to better adaptive functioning in daily life.
4500h agoThe earliest activity in the primary visual cortex represents the saliency of combined feature contrasts for bottom-up attention, with the timing and amplitude of these signals predicting behavioral detection performance.
4500h agoPerceptual salience affects how people control their steps while walking, with greater influence on winding paths and paths with high contrast.
4500h agoThe gastric rhythm, a slow electrical oscillation generated by the stomach, synchronizes neural activity across sensory and motor cortices and influences perceptual reaction times.
4500h agoChronic alcohol exposure impairs the body's natural production of calming chemicals, leading to increased alcohol consumption and anxiety.
4500h agoThe direction reversal in a visual apparent-motion illusion is caused by afterimages that emerge in the elementary motion pathways of the brain.
4500h agoHerpes simplex virus-1 infection in the brain may contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's by helping to spread pathological protein aggregates.
4504h agoTau tangles and A{beta} plaques accumulate in Alzheimer's disease and Down Syndrome, and two new radiotracers, [125I]IPPI and [125I]IBETA, bind to these pathological features, showing a synergistic relationship between them.
4504h agoLower levels of vesicular glutamate transporter in dopamine neurons lead to higher cytosolic dopamine levels, causing dopamine-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and increased susceptibility to Parkinson's disease.
4504h agoThe choroid plexus contains a previously unrecognized population of TTN+ tissue-resident macrophages that expand and change function in Alzheimer's disease, affecting their interaction with surrounding cells.
4504h agoTonic inhibition from A02l neurons helps regulate crawling behavior in Drosophila larvae by maintaining muscle relaxation and gating motor output.
4504h agoOverexpressing aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in specific cell types using a virus that can cross the blood-brain barrier improves motor deficits and reduces dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease models when combined with L-DOPA therapy.
4504h agoPropMolFlow generates stable, valid molecular structures quickly, matching diffusion model performance and enabling the discovery of molecules with under-represented property values.
4508h agoCombining acoustic, prosodic, and phonological speech features offers diagnostic value in detecting Alzheimer's disease, with a best performance F1-score of 0.89 achieved through optimal feature subset selection and ensemble learning.
4508h agoDendritic Ca2+ signals in CA2 pyramidal cells are mainly driven by back-propagating action potentials, with simple spikes activating somatic and proximal Ca2+ and complex spikes producing larger Ca2+ signals that propagate farther into distal dendrites.
4508h agoPlasticity at specific cortico-basal ganglia synapses drives rapid learning-related changes in song during juvenile song learning, enabling a juvenile songbird to learn to sing.
4508h agoThe choroid plexus macrophages specialize due to their developmental origins and local niches, forming a key first line of immune defense for the brain.
4512h agoCortical folding in the human brain is linked to gene expression patterns that control cell growth, movement, and communication, and some of these genes are also associated with autism spectrum disorder.
4512h agoThe fronto-subthalamic system implements selective inhibition by rapidly engaging and releasing inhibition in response to specific signals, allowing some actions to stop while others continue.
4512h agoInfants as young as 7 months old can benefit from spatial cues to improve their ability to hear a target voice in a noisy environment.
4512h agoThe brain integrates multisensory cues in a modular way, using different cortical pathways depending on cue modality, functional relevance, and presentation order, to achieve effective sensorimotor integration.
4512h agoA study failed to replicate nine specific neuroimaging correlates of personality traits, suggesting the link between personality and brain's intrinsic functional architecture may be more subtle than previously reported.
4512h agoThe medial olivocochlear system's activity refines central auditory connectivity by shaping the inner ear's spontaneous activity, and its enhancement or absence differently alters the structure and function of auditory synapses.
4512h agoMutations in SLC6A1 cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies by disrupting GABA uptake, and 4-phenylbutyrate restores normal function.
4512h agoA 3D cortical brain tissue model containing neurons, astrocytes, and microglia was developed, allowing for long-term study of brain cell functions, interactions, and diseases like Alzheimer's, and showing promise for testing treatments.
4512h agoThe default mode network plays a central role in autobiographical memory retrieval and episodic future thinking, with distinct areas of the network associated with positive and negative emotional experiences.
4512h agoPhase-Amplitude Coupling (PAC) in cortico-hippocampal networks increases during learning and carries specific information about stimuli and their associations, supporting perception and associative learning in the human brain.
4512h agoPatients with severe chronic pain have disrupted pain modulation and altered brain connectivity associated with their emotional distress, disability, and pain.
4512h agoAn inhibitory plasticity rule based on local voltage-gated calcium concentration can control a neuron's firing rate and regulate supralinear dendritic integration.
4512h agoAmyloid Precursor Protein (APP) supports mitochondrial function by interacting with phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) to regulate the PGAM5-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
4512h agoDopamine and acetylcholine interact in a specific region of the striatum, called the anterior dorsolateral striatum, to regulate movement and learning, with dopamine suppressing acetylcholine release to shape behaviorally relevant dynamics.
4512h agoLRRK2-I1371V mutation causes glucose-uptake deficits in astrocytes, leading to energy depletion and dysfunction in mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.
4512h agoCognitive control uses hierarchical representations to organize contexts, stimuli, and actions, allowing for flexible behavior, and this control is achieved through different neural networks that update at different rates, with context reconfiguration engaging the lateral middle frontal cortex and subordinate rule updating modulated by perceptual input.
4512h agoChronic alcohol exposure causes a hyper-excitatory drive of the claustrum by the anterior cingulate cortex, altering the activity of specific neuron subtypes.
4516h agoImpulsivity in people is linked to how their brains handle uncertainty, and brain areas responsible for decision-making and impulse control interact differently when faced with uncertain situations.
4516h agoThe brain-age gap, a measure of atypical brain development, differs in individuals with ADHD depending on their medication status and developmental stage.
4516h agoChildren's brains develop higher mathematical concepts in the first two years of school by increasing math-related activation, refining neural responses, and expanding representational space.
4516h agoFluctuating sex hormone levels regulate female behavior by modulating specific neurons in the brain, and anterior VMHvlPR+ neurons project to the periaqueductal gray to control rejection behavior during non-receptive phases.
4516h agoThe Agent Cognitive Compressor (ACC) maintains stable behavior in long, multi-turn workflows by using a bounded internal state, resulting in lower hallucination and drift compared to transcript replay and retrieval-based agents.
4520h agoTraining foundation models on human brain data could help overcome current limitations by providing access to elements of human cognition not observable through actions.
4520h agoActivation of the rostral Pedunculopontine nucleus couples motor inhibition with reinforcement-related behavioral circuitry, suggesting its role in coordinating motor suppression with motivational processes.
4520h agoThe primate ventral visual stream transforms visual input into dynamic neural representations that support robust visual perception through intrinsic circuit dynamics, recurrent interactions, and top-down modulation.
4520h agoGrid cells in the brain help keep track of position as one moves about the world through a process called path-integration.
4520h agoPrimate decision-making mechanisms emerged to maximize reward in uncertain situations, and a deep neural network trained on a noisy task shows similar decision-making abilities as primates.
4520h agoCognitive systems, from cells to human-AI collectives, can be analyzed and compared using a unified framework based on organizational and informational dimensions.
4520h agoThe synaptic dynamics of a self-organizing neural network with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian updates converge to a stable state where neural filters span the principal subspace of the input data.
4520h agoIntelligence can emerge from the coordination of multiple semi-independent processes, rather than the optimization of a single objective, allowing for redundancy, ambiguity, and parallel explanations to coexist.
4520h agoThe brain represents the complex properties of words through eight key dimensions, which are encoded in overlapping but distinct cortical systems that work together to support language comprehension.
4520h agoAuditory semantic representations are more closely aligned with neural activity patterns during visual processing than textual representations, and lead to higher decoding accuracy and computational efficiency.
4520h agoMooneyMaker, an open-source Python package, automates the generation of ambiguous Mooney images, allowing researchers to create and compare two-tone images with multiple methods, and producing results that show techniques with lower initial recognizability lead to higher post-template recognition.
4520h agoA 3D TransUNet image synthesis framework predicts diffusion MRI maps from T1-weighted MRI, boosting Alzheimer's disease classification accuracy and improving mild cognitive impairment detection.
4520h agoX-ray microscopy can reconstruct cell bodies within expanded tissue, a first step towards a new imaging method called expansion X-ray microscopy for mapping brain connections.
4520h agoThe endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform reduces boundary artefacts and provides accurate estimates of the instantaneous phase of oscillations, allowing for near-zero mean phase error in real-time applications.
4520h agoA novel chaotic oscillator-based model improves storage and retrieval of associative memories by using chaotic systems to define a phase relationship and encode memory as synchronized states.
4520h agoNeural timescales reflect the relationship between brain structure, dynamics, and behavior, and computational approaches can distill empirical observations into quantitative theories to explain how timescales emerge and function.
4520h agoMemory is stored as a summarized and compressed representation of sensory input, allowing bounded memory to accommodate unbounded sensory information.
4520h agoThe brain organizes visual information into two distinct processing routes: one for scene layout and environment, and the other for animate content.
4520h agoResting-state EEG connectivity patterns are associated with individual differences in creative self-efficacy and creative engagement, with distinct patterns of neural activity linked to higher self-rated creative ability and more frequent engagement in creative activities.
4520h agoMany contemporary theories of consciousness, including those based on causal structure and function, fail to meet requirements of falsifiability and non-triviality, and this especially limits the potential consciousness of Large Language Models (LLMs).
4520h agoThe brain's folding patterns can be integrated into a unified network called the Gyral-Sulcal-Net (GS-Net) that effectively represents diverse cortical folding patterns.
4520h agoNeural field equations on curved surfaces reveal that the dynamics of localized excitation patterns, or spot solutions, depend on the surface geometry and neural interactions.
4520h agoSLIM-Brain, a new foundation model, improves data and training efficiency for fMRI analysis by introducing a two-stage design that enables it to achieve top performance on diverse tasks while requiring less data and computing power.
4520h agoAnalytic solutions to quasi-continuous-wave four-wave mixing in nonlinear optical fibres are presented using Weierstrass elliptic functions, providing full complex envelopes for all four waves under arbitrary initial conditions.
4520h agoThe sangkuriang Python library solves the Korteweg-de Vries equation to model nonlinear wave physics, including soliton behavior, and provides an accessible and efficient tool for both instructional and research purposes.
4520h agoThe modified Rulkov model, which replaces a control parameter with a memristive function, exhibits multiple neuronal activity regimes, including uniform and chaotic transitions, unlike the original model which reproduces a single regime.
4520h agoThe study investigates how interacting chiral oscillators behave, which have a built-in rotational handedness.
4520h agoParticles escaping from a lemon billiard exhibit a two-stage decay pattern in survival probability, with an initial exponential decline followed by a long-time power-law tail.
4520h agoDouble ramification hierarchies associated with rank-1 F-CohFTs form a 2-parameter family that are bihamiltonian, and some subfamilies are Miura equivalent to the Camassa-Holm or Degasperis-Procesi hierarchies.
4520h agoThe integrability of DN symmetry models depends on the Kaleidoscope Yang-Baxter Equation and is influenced by boundary conditions and subspace symmetry.
4520h agoThe ABS spinor model has a solitary-wave solution with conserved charge, momentum, and energy, and its soliton dynamics under various potentials is qualitatively similar to the Gross-Neveu equation.
4520h agoTemporal interference stimulation elicits a nonlinear response in the Hodgkin-Huxley model, characterized by a hierarchy of sharply modulated tongues with a self-similar architecture, revealing fractal organization in neuronal excitability.
4520h agoThe collapse of the spectral gap in complex dynamical systems drives them toward a low-dimensional attractor, but an adaptive spectral negative coupling framework can stabilize these systems by acting as a state-dependent high-pass filter.
4520h agoCarefully chosen interior observations, even far from the boundary, can suffice for global recovery of the flow field in data assimilation.
4520h agoA physics-guided Deep Echo State Network predicts El Niño-Southern Oscillation up to 16-20 months ahead with minimal computational cost.
4520h agoThe Dirac spectrum in a sine-Gordon soliton background reduces to a Heun-type differential equation, enabling a systematic analysis of spinor bound and scattering states.
4520h agoFlapping flyers in long lines need to adopt specific flapping strategies to maintain a certain separation, and their choice of tactic depends on factors like efficiency and stability.
4520h agoCooperation among firms in supply networks improves their viability, and distributed control through interfirm collaboration enables autonomous control and outperforms centralized control.
4520h agoThe study finds that a nonlinear lattice model exhibits both ergodic and nonergodic regimes, with ergodic behavior occurring in broad parameter ranges outside the Gibbsian regime, and identifies the influence of the nonlinear dispersion parameter on the system's behavior.
4520h agoThe Hamilton-Jacobi equation helps find trajectories of mechanical systems and derive symplectic maps, and its application reveals a difference in solving Hamilton's equations depending on the order of nonlinear kicks and rotations.
4520h agoDifferent physical models of the one-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson equation lead to a unified form of parametric closures, which are polynomial and of the same degree, when expressed in terms of normal variables.
4520h agoParticles form caustics, or extreme clustering, in compressional strain, and particles that experience this type of strain move slower and stay longer in high-strain regions than those that do not form caustics.
4520h agoA soliton can be pumped across a nonzero number of unit cells in a way that doesn't match the Chern number of its Bloch band, due to a transition between different Wannier functions.
4520h agoNeural field equations on curved surfaces reveal that the dynamics of localized excitation patterns, or spot solutions, depend on the surface geometry and neural interactions.
4520h agoSynchronization in a chain of nonlinear oscillators is linked to increased energy transfer, and phase alignment among consecutive oscillators facilitates the energy cascade.
4520h agoAn integrable map of the plane defines an invariant foliation by level curves that corresponds to a rational elliptic surface of rank 2.
4520h agoTwin-wire laser directed energy deposition can create compositionally graded structures with uniform elemental distribution when a liquid bridge transition mode is used, reducing dimensional fluctuations by 85%.
4520h agoA family of four-dimensional discrete dynamical systems exhibits chaos in the sense of Li-Yorke, and an example exists of a discrete map that is Li-Yorke chaotic but not topologically transitive.
4520h agoA novel chaotic oscillator-based model improves storage and retrieval of associative memories by using chaotic systems to define a phase relationship and encode memory as synchronized states.
4520h agoRelativistic plasmas with two groups of electrons can generate many solitary patterns through modulational instability of electromagnetic waves, which can lead to temporal and spatiotemporal chaos and turbulence.
4520h agoTwo integral representations for the wave functions of the hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland system are equivalent.
4520h agoThe developed kinetic modeling and discretization strategy accurately simulates compressible flows across all Prandtl numbers and specific heat ratios, ensuring accurate recovery of Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations and demonstrating high accuracy and numerical stability.
4520h agoMemory in one part of a system can induce long-range order in other parts of the system that have no memory, allowing collective activity to be propagated through the system.
4520h agoDefects at topological transitions belong to a new topological universality class when weak disorder is present, different from the class without disorder.
4520h agoPolychronous Wave Computing (PWC) maps spike timings directly to output routes, enabling fast routing in spiking networks using a novel timing-native address-selection method.
4520h agoThe many-body localized phase remains stable against quantum avalanche instabilities when disorder exceeds an interaction-dependent threshold.
4520h agoDisorder can induce topological phases in materials, making them robust against certain disorders and changing their topological properties from a trivial phase.
4520h agoQuasiperiodic disorder has multiple distinct effects on topological phases in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic-potential-modulated mosaic trimer lattice, enhancing the topological phase at 2/3 filling and suppressing it at 1/3 filling.
4520h agoThe CP-PAW code combines electronic structure and molecular dynamics to simulate the behavior of solids, liquids, and molecular systems.
4520h agoA new Car-Parrinello-like approach to Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics is outlined and demonstrated through calculations on liquid water at ambient conditions.
4520h agoOperator delocalization in disordered one-dimensional spin chains is characterized by two measures, operator mass and operator length, which show sharply distinct behaviors in non-interacting and interacting regimes.
4520h agoNonreciprocal interactions between consumers and predators destabilize ecosystems more readily than nonreciprocal interactions between consumers and resources.
4520h agoMetallic glass-forming liquids exhibit dynamic anomalies due to thermodynamic fluctuations near a frustration state of liquid, vapor, and glass.
4520h agoAnisotropic nematic liquid crystals can control the branched flow of light, allowing for configurable and directional channeling of light along preferential paths.
4520h agoA quantum Pontus-Mpemba effect occurs in a dissipative tight-binding chain, enabling faster relaxation through a two-step protocol due to the Liouvillian skin effect.
4520h agoA machine learning framework identifies continuous symmetry generators and their mathematical structure directly from data.
4520h agoThe transfer tensor method reveals that memory effects play a crucial role in localization and transport in disordered systems, and a metric called "outgoing-pseudoflux" can be used to identify signatures of localization and transport.
4520h agoA charged particle in a fluctuating magnetic field undergoes accelerated diffusion when the mean field is non-zero, and can be confined within a finite radius when the mean field vanishes.
4520h agoLocal loops enhance resonant processes and reduce the critical disorder needed for localization, and also increase the spatial extent of localized eigenstates.
4520h agoThe driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard chain exhibits two distinct dynamical regimes, a regular quasilinear regime and a chaotic regime, governed by the interplay between coherent drive, dissipation, and interaction.
4520h agoCrumpling of materials follows a log-Poisson process driven by rare large fluctuations in a slowly stiffening material with a growing length-scale.
4520h agoA large weakly-disordered chain can thermalize a smaller strongly-disordered chain under certain conditions, with three distinct thermalization regimes identified based on the disorder strength of the smaller chain.
4520h agoElectromagnetic waves in pair plasma experience Anderson self-localization, leading to reflection and the formation of trapped wave pockets, due to random density fluctuations created by the waves themselves.
4520h agoMemory in one part of a system can induce long-range order in other parts of the system that have no memory, allowing collective activity to be propagated through the system.
4520h agoA steerable exponentially localized in-gap mode is identified in a quasiperiodic non-Hermitian Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper chain, which can be dynamically prepared from a generic bulk wave packet and steered to different locations by changing the gauge field.
4520h agoPGRN deficiency causes lipid droplets to accumulate in microglia by upregulating the GPAT3 enzyme through STAT3 signaling, leading to cellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
4520h agoThe brain uses different pathways to detect looming collisions depending on whether or not a person is paying attention and aware of the stimuli.
4520h agoCold exposure changes the monarch butterfly's brain by making its blood-brain barrier more permeable, which helps to switch its migratory behavior.
4520h agoThe type and timing of signals from certain skin receptors determine how well these signals are processed in the brain.
4520h agoThe Calca gene produces four peptides that have different roles in the body, and research finds that procalcitonin and CGRP may regulate taste signaling and cell regeneration through the CGRP1R receptor.
4520h agoFluctuations in female sex hormones estradiol and progesterone influence motor unit activity, with higher estradiol associated with higher peak discharge rates and higher progesterone associated with changes in discharge rate.
4520h agoNinjurin-1 plays a key role in immune activation and central nervous system infiltration in multiple sclerosis, and blocking it reduces disease severity, immune infiltration, and nerve damage.
4524h agoFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy captures frontoparietal activation patterns during a relational reasoning task, with robust task-evoked activation across lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, and stable functional connectivity that can be used to study individual differences and longitudinal changes.
4524h agoDiabetic painful neuropathy is a neurodegenerative disorder of the dorsal root ganglion, characterized by early neurodegeneration, Nageotte nodule formation, and changes in non-neuronal cells.
4524h agoPost-activation potentiation involves a complex mix of spinal inhibition and facilitation, with a decrease in H-reflex amplitude and an increase in presynaptic spinal mechanisms, leading to an overall spinal facilitation.
4524h agoSELTA, a compound from a common bacteria, activates PD-1 in sensory neurons, which reduces their excitability and alleviates pelvic pain in mice.
4524h agoAlzheimer's disease is linked to impaired Neuronal RNA Granules (NRGs) homeostasis, which disrupts pathways related to synaptic function and may contribute to neurodegeneration.
4532h agoPeople with borderline personality disorder have lower cognitive empathy and a disrupted relationship between empathy and the brain's ability to simulate touch.
4532h agoConducting extinction across multiple contexts enhances fear reduction and recall compared to a single context, and engages distinct hippocampal-prefrontal circuit dynamics.
4532h agoNoise exposure disrupts spatial hearing and binaural neural circuit function without loss of hair cells or synapses, leading to long-lasting hearing deficits in nonhuman primates.
4532h agoFPmotion software provides a user-friendly platform for processing, integrating, and statistically analyzing fiber photometry data, automating tasks and producing publication-ready figures.
4532h agoMice prone to epilepsy have abnormal sleep patterns, poorly adaptable circadian rhythms, and impaired sleep homeostasis, which increase their vulnerability to seizures and epilepsy.
4532h agoRetrieval training and sleep induce different memory transformations, with retrieval training causing rapid gist extraction and neocortical integration, and sleep selectively maintaining task-relevant episodic and semantic details.
4532h agoDrugs alter dopamine signals in the brain differently in individuals with varying vulnerability to compulsive use, and distinct dopamine patterns are associated with compulsive cocaine and fentanyl use.
4532h agoDiffusion MRI metrics organize into a low-dimensional structure, revealing a reduced set of biophysical properties that govern diffusion behavior in neural tissue, including axonal organization, neurite density, and isotropic diffusion components.
4532h agoThe strength of interactions between the left fusiform gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus is associated with reading ability, with stronger left-sided connections linked to better reading performance.
4532h agoInfant maltreatment leads to long-term changes in serotonin receptors in brain regions involved in emotional and reward processes, which can affect behavior and increase the risk of substance use disorders.
4532h agoA new diffusion MRI pipeline called sf-pediatric enables optimal analysis of white matter development in children's brains from birth to 18 years old by adapting to a child's age.
4532h agoRepeat concussions cause chronic sensory hypersensitivity, which contributes to cognitive impairment, particularly under conditions of increased sensory load.
4532h agoThe brain uses predictions to better respond to external disturbances, combining expected sensory input with actual sensory input to generate motor commands.
4532h agoBile acids directly alter mesolimbic activity by increasing or decreasing cholinergic interneuron firing rate and modulating dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, depending on their concentration.
4536h agoGap junctions, specifically Cx26 and Cx43, play a crucial role in the response of ependymal cells to injury and in regulating their biology.
4536h agoConnectivity, not cell structure, organizes prefrontal function in the mouse brain.
4540h agoAnimals integrate sensory information to survive by finding food, mates, and avoiding predators, which requires coordinated brain activity, and this process is influenced by norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus, with pupil size and cortical norepinephrine dynamics predicting behavioral responses.
4540h agoThe hippocampus uses a specific network state to replay experiences, and a biologically plausible model shows that this replay is controlled by the interactions of specific types of inhibitory neurons and pyramidal cells.
4544h agoHigher neuroticism is linked to greater differences in brain responses, especially during situations that trigger neurotic tendencies.
4544h agoSocial isolation changes the brain's neural dynamics, causing social needs to override hunger drives through oxytocin-dependent modulation, and this effect can persist even after re-socialization.
4544h agoNeural representations of working memory reconfigure over time to support different task goals, becoming more task-dependent and category-specific as the memory delay progresses.
4544h agoThe periaqueductal gray (PAG), a midbrain structure linked to threat processing, plays a role in updating behavior during reversal learning, suppressing previously rewarded actions without explicit punishment.
4544h agoMacaque monkeys' brains represent and implement grammatical rules for problem-solving through neural activity in the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), which encodes structural properties of the rules.
4544h agoSound symbolic words, like "bouba" and "kiki", elicit distinct neural representations in the brain, which correlate with shape judgements and suggest a functional mechanism for sound symbolism.
4560h agoA novel graph neural network estimates local brain age across the cortical surface at high spatial resolution, identifying prefrontal and parietal association cortices as early sites of morphometric aging.
4568h agoExposure to psychoactive substances during pregnancy disrupts brain networks, and a new framework called KOCOBrain identifies related changes in brain structure and function.
4568h agoModeling temporal dynamics in neural signals drives decoding accuracy of visual information from brain activity, and a simple model achieves up to 70% image retrieval accuracy.
4568h agoA biologically inspired neuromodulation controller harmonizes with homeostasis to ensure reliable neuronal function by preserving firing patterns and maintaining intracellular calcium levels.
4568h agoFetal sleep states become clearly observable as the brain matures, with organized cycling between active and quiet sleep emerging at around 80-90% gestation in fetal sheep and baboons, and around 95% gestation in humans.
4568h agoBrain-to-image reconstruction models suffer from output dimension collapse when trained on limited data, but analysis of two common model designs provides guidelines for improving zero-shot reconstruction.
4568h agoFast Weight Programmers (FWPs) use 2D matrix-form hidden states to serve as short-term memory storage, with synaptic weights that dynamically change over time as a function of input observations.
4568h agoThe coupling of two quantum billiards with chaotic and integrable dynamics causes their eigenstates to mix, leading to deviations in spectral properties that approach those of a fully chaotic system.
4568h agoScarred eigenstates in graphene billiards are localized along periodic orbits in a way that complies with nonrelativistic quantum billiards, not with relativistic quantum systems.
4568h agoDense Associative Memory models exhibit self-organizing dynamics with complex intermittency and scale-free behavior, emerging spontaneously under certain noise intensity and memory load conditions.
4568h agoThe coupling between plasmon polaritons and quantum nanoemitters in a periodic lattice of conducting nanorings leads to a cross-correlation between nanoemitters, causing their internal dynamics to depend on the nanorings' plasma frequency.
4568h agoA mixture of simple chemicals spontaneously self-organizes into compartments that can metabolize, grow, and produce diverse molecules, establishing a possible route to the formation of the first living cells.
4568h agoDecentralization of power generation does not always improve frequency synchronization, and can sometimes lead to a double phase transition in frequency synchronization.
4568h agoSurface curvature shapes spiral wave behavior and contributes to the organization of neural activity in the brain.
4568h agoThis study characterizes the integrability of generalized spin systems in 1+1 dimensions, obtaining Lax representations, gauge equivalent counterparts, and establishing gauge equivalence between some Zhanbota equations and the six Painleve equations.
4568h agoThe orbits of a discrete Painlev\'e equation over finite fields lie on algebraic curves with genus less than or equal to one.
4568h agoReservoir computing accurately identifies the Lyapunov spectrum of a target system, including all negative exponents, by capturing its dynamics and reconstructing dynamical invariants.
4568h agoThis work surveys the properties of real and complex quadratic maps under certain perturbations.
4568h agoThe Lindbladian eigenstate thermalization hypothesis ansatz holds for Markovian open quantum systems, as demonstrated through numerical simulations of several physical models.
4568h agoThe study of integrable structure in string theory gets complicated due to the complex dependence of background fields on superspace coordinates.
4568h agoThe concept of gauged Lagrangian 1-forms is introduced, extending Lagrangian 1-forms to gauge theories, and yields a multiform version of the 3d mixed BF action providing a variational formulation of Hitchin's integrable system.
4568h agoThe four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory can realize integrable deformations of two-dimensional field theories through dynamical coordinate transformations.
4568h agoThe emission of resonant radiation serves as a fundamental mechanism for entropy production in optical systems with solitonic event horizons.
4568h agoTopological edge states persist under strong disorder in a two-dimensional Lieb lattice, alleviating geometric localization in flat bands.
4568h agoStochastic gradient descent prefers flatter, more generalizable solutions because its noise reshapes the loss landscape into an effective potential that favors flat solutions.
4568h agoA discontinuous percolation transition occurs in a bipartite network when nodes rewire their links to suppress the growth of neighboring clusters, forming a single macroscopic cluster with a finite fraction of nodes.
4568h agoThe topology of an insulator can be defined even when all its eigenstates are localized, and this leads to a classification of such insulators in all symmetry classes and dimensions.
4568h agoMachine learning models predict electron density in concentrated alloys across composition space, enabling accelerated exploration of material properties.
4568h agoThe Lindbladian eigenstate thermalization hypothesis ansatz holds for Markovian open quantum systems, as demonstrated through numerical simulations of several physical models.
4568h agoThe structural entropy measure, defined as the divergence between Shannon or von Neumann entropy and second-order Renyi entropy, reliably signals quantum regime transitions, including the crossover from localized to chaotic phases in many-body systems.
4568h agoThe Wehrl-Rényi entropy is a subsystem-independent and experimentally measurable characterization of overall entanglement in pure states of N qubits.
4568h agoRelaxation processes in closed quantum many-body systems exhibit universal behavior at late times due to the randomness of chaotic Hamiltonians.
4568h agoThe Wishart-RP ensemble, a deformed version of the Rosenzweig-Porter model, has a similar phase diagram and localization properties, with level compressibility matching the Gaussian RP model.
4568h agoVibrotactile signals improve music processing by helping the brain combine information from hearing and touch, leading to better detection of musical beats and patterns.
4588h agoThe locus coeruleus's release of noradrenaline has distinct, cell-specific effects on hippocampal cells that do not match the brain's activity patterns during natural arousal.
4588h agoThe self-reference effect gives people a better memory for information related to themselves compared to others, and brain stimulation shows that two areas, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, play a causal role in this effect on memory and metacognition.
4588h agoThe expression levels of specific genes in the brain and neonatal social communication patterns predict variability in later social interaction in a mouse model of a genetic duplication associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
4588h agoSleep helps solidify memories by transferring them from the hippocampus to the cortex through specific brain activity patterns.
4588h agoAstrocytes in the prefrontal cortex play a key role in helping mice cope with stress, and changes in these cells are linked to depression-like behaviors.
4588h agoThe somatosensory system modulates its sensitivity to facilitate sensorimotor control in goal-directed actions, with tactile sensitivity suppressed during reaching but improving around maximum speed.
4588h agoIndividuals with dyslexia have trouble recognizing and anticipating temporal patterns in speech, and they show less accurate sound discrimination, altered temporal prediction abilities, and lower confidence in their auditory perception.
4604h agoPresynaptic trafficking defects are early events in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, disrupting synaptic protein abundance and increasing vulnerability to dopamine neuron death.
4604h agoThe brain's speech representations maintain information that has disappeared from the sound and ignore variations in how individual sounds are produced.
4604h agoThe human brain follows a universal scaling law, which links population variance to the root mean square of neural activity, and this law changes with synchronized activity across the lifespan.
4620h agoActivation of specific neurons in the brain rapidly shifts the body's fuel use from glucose to fatty acids, and this shift is controlled by a pathway that involves the brain, adrenal hormones, and skeletal muscle.
4620h agoMulti-echo resting-state functional MRI improves reliability and accuracy in mapping individual differences in spontaneous brain activity compared to conventional single-echo rfMRI.
4620h agoTHIK-1 channel in microglia helps sense glucose and regulates feeding and body weight, and its inhibition suppresses feeding and body-weight gain in diet-induced obese mice.
4620h agoHolding one's breath during the preparation period facilitates voluntary movement, especially in highly motivated situations, and this effect can be achieved through intentional breath holding.
4620h agoA brainstem circuit conveys information about external and internal reactions to unpleasant events to the amygdala, instructing emotional memory formation and enhancing defensive behaviors.
4620h agoA new imaging method called SURF-EPI allows simultaneous assessment of arterial inflow, venous outflow, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion at high temporal resolution, revealing distinct flow dynamics in CSF and neurovascular flow.
4620h agoTDP-43 interacts differently with proteins in the cortex and cerebellum, with more interactions in the cortex, which may explain why the cortex is more vulnerable to TDP-43 aggregation in ALS and FTD.
4620h agoPeople perceive objects approaching from behind as moving faster than those approaching from the front.
4620h agoNeuropathic pain causes changes in brain connections that differ between its onset and maintenance phases, with increased connections between sensory and emotional areas at onset and reduced connections within the somatomotor network as pain persists.
4624h agoLH/ZIRXFP3 cells have distinct efferent projection patterns throughout the brain depending on their location within the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta.
4624h agoThe study found that nearly 10% of microRNAs in human sural nerves are dysregulated in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), with 74% of those being downregulated, and that specific microRNAs, such as miR-21-5p, contribute to nerve degeneration by promoting inflammation, apoptosis, and impaired nerve regeneration.
4624h agoDifferences in brain imaging acquisition protocols across distinct age groups lead to biased results in lifespan studies of brain development and aging.
4624h agoPrevious parity alters how females respond to estradiol and metabolic stress in midlife, particularly in APOEe4 females who are more vulnerable to the effects of a Western diet and estradiol.
4624h agoPhysical activity preserves microvascular oxygen delivery and function in aging and Alzheimer's disease by maintaining oxygen levels, preventing vascular damage, and enhancing capillary function.
4624h agoEfficient high-performance states are marked by regulated arousal dynamics, indicated by stable heart rate and pupil diameter, which allow for high performance with low workload in demanding digital activities.
4624h agoThe accumulation of mutant huntingtin proteins leads to the formation of poorly soluble aggregates that mostly colocalize with the proteasome, triggering cellular responses including activation of the proteasome and changes in autophagy system components.
4624h agoMacrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote faster resolution of inflammatory pain by reprogramming epigenetic memory in spinal microglia, which is required for their pain-relieving effect.
4624h agoVariants in the ALDH5A1 gene, which affects brain chemistry, have a range of effects on the function of the SSADH enzyme in people with autism spectrum disorder.
4624h agoObservers' guesses when they lack information reflect their knowledge of their own perceptual capacities, not random noise or environmental statistics, and are biased towards feature values they perceive with less precision.
4624h agoStroking touch is most pleasant at medium speeds and gentle forces, but higher forces decrease pleasantness at faster speeds, and tactile intensity increases with both speed and force.
4624h agoCASK gene variants cause neurodevelopmental defects and ocular conditions, including a specific dysfunction of the cone receptor in mice, leading to reduced visual acuity.
4628h agoNeuropixels probes can be safely used in human operating rooms to record neural activity from multiple brain structures at single-neuron resolution.
4640h agoCorrelated noise in neural circuits suppresses the mean network activity, and can also cause the network to switch between high and low activity states.
4640h agoCognitive function is controlled by the collective organization of dynamical time scales, not by microscopic units or precise activity patterns.
4640h agoIntrinsic motivation drives behavior that can't be explained by external rewards, and several theories, including empowerment and information-gain maximization, suggest that it promotes complex behavior through entropic action-state paths.
4640h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity plays a richer computational role than previously thought, enabling presynaptic neurons to detect stimulus onset and reconfigure temporal coding through associative changes in release probability.
4640h agoOptimising representational similarity instead of neural activities leads to a family of convex optimisation problems that can explain various neural coding phenomena.
4640h agoAcute stress impairs response inhibition, but not visual perception or task-switching performance, and affects task prioritization and processing efficiency, with pharmacological manipulation of stress hormones having no moderating effect.
4640h agoA patient with a history of traumatic brain injury developed sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, which was confirmed through examinations including protein tests, MRI, and EEG.
4640h agoA new array of coupled oscillators can adapt to changing frequencies and perform well in noisy environments, extending the range of vibrational resonance and outperforming conventional denoising methods.
4640h agoA thermodynamical first-order phase transition does not lead to a sharp change in the dynamical chaotic behaviour of a model, as measured by scrambling measures and operator size.
4640h agoThe Moran process model shows that genetic diversity in populations changes based on mutation rates and number of alleles, with a critical mutation rate existing where diversity shifts from low to high.
4640h agoBoundary integrability provides analytic control over field theories with an interface, and an analytic framework for integrable boundaries in two-dimensional sigma-models determines admissible reflection maps.
4640h agoCorrelated noise in neural circuits suppresses the mean network activity, and can also cause the network to switch between high and low activity states.
4640h agoThe symmetry algebras associated with the N-body Calogero-Moser system and its discretization have a complete structure that reveals a nontrivial deformation of the continuous symmetry algebra.
4640h agoAnnealed disorder removes the odd-even dichotomy in synchronization transitions, yielding continuous transitions with universal mean-field scaling in all dimensions, and higher-harmonic interactions make the transition tunable between continuous and discontinuous.
4640h agoCompeting short-range repulsion and long-range attractive forces drive the motion of agents in a plane, leading to a reversible phase transition where uniformly distributed solutions destabilize and form vacuum regions or isolated particle clusters.
4640h agoSwarmalators, which combine swarming and synchronized oscillations, exhibit complex patterns such as clustering and phase waves, influenced by factors like interaction range and frequency distribution.
4640h agoVERT, a new framework, discovers attracting sets from trajectories in complex systems, providing insight into control mechanisms and stability in systems like human running.
4640h agoIntelligence is collective and made of parts that must align with system-level goals, and understanding the dynamics of these aligned parts impacts many fields.
4640h agoThe combination of strong transverse confinement and continuous temporal degrees of freedom accelerates thermalizing scattering events, leading to the thermalization of a classical light beam and potentially enabling simultaneous spatial and temporal beam cleaning.
4640h agoA phase transition in duplication-divergence growing graphs occurs at a specific divergence rate, linked to the largest connected component and influenced by the presence or absence of non-interacting vertices.
4640h agoA robust localization plateau emerges in periodically driven quasiperiodic lattices, independent of static localization properties and drive protocol.
4640h agoThe integral variable range hopping (IVRH) model provides a more stable and physically sound framework for interpreting hopping transport in low-dimensional amorphous materials.
4640h agoA new algorithm generates disordered spatial networks with targeted structural properties, allowing for the creation of networks with tailored characteristics, such as those found in biophotonic networks exhibiting structural color.
4640h agoFinite-rank normal deformations of rotationally invariant non-Hermitian random matrices show emergence and fluctuations of outlier eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvector behavior.
4640h agoA machine-learning strategy accurately determines physical parameters of individual elements in integrated photonics from spectral measurements of the whole system.
4640h agoQuasiperiodic systems exhibit exotic transport regimes, including universal subdiffusive transport in the extended phase, exponential decay in the localized phase, and log-periodic oscillations in the critical phase.
4640h agoOverparameterization improves learning and generalization in shallow neural networks, revealing a double descent phenomenon where generalization improves beyond interpolation in the presence of label noise.
4640h agoA bundle of one-dimensional metallic wires interconnected by semiconducting chains can transition from an insulating phase to a robust metallic phase when the interconnects switch from a trivial to a topological phase.
4640h agoA statistical-computational gap exists in symmetric binary perceptrons, where the satisfiability threshold is around 1.8159 and the algorithmic threshold is around 1.6021.
4640h agoNeural scaling laws emerge even in simple data settings, such as random walks on graphs, without relying on power law structure in the data.
4640h agoA non-Hermitian system's eigenspectrum is completely real when its Hamiltonian has a tridiagonal matrix structure with random nearest-neighbour tunnellings, and this system undergoes a delocalization-localization crossover in finite systems with off-diagonal disorder.
4640h agoA hydrodynamic framework reveals that monitored classical stochastic processes can undergo measurement-induced phase transitions.
4640h agoSymmetries are restored in disordered quantum systems when using a disorder-averaged dynamical map, allowing for efficient numerical simulations.
4640h agoQuantum circuit complexity represents an intrinsic topological distance between topological quantum many-body phases of matter and plays a central role in interpretable manifold learning of topological order.
4640h agoZC4H2 deficiency causes premature neuronal differentiation, impaired neurogenesis, and disrupted neuronal maturation, leading to nervous system pathologies, and restoring ZC4H2 function can improve neuronal development.
4640h agoLong-term experience reorganizes the way neurons interact in the hippocampus, changing the patterns of activity across different subfields and leading to a more coordinated state.
4640h agoHierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography (HiP-CT) enables imaging of human organs from whole organ to cellular level, and recent upgrades have improved data quality, resolution, and speed.
4640h agoMovement-induced beta oscillations in one area of the brain spread to a neighbouring area and suppress beta oscillations there.
4640h agoMusical tension patterns predict fluctuations in the neural response to music, and are specifically correlated with how well listeners' brains track the music.
4640h agoSensory-mechanical feedback helps insects with missing legs to regain coordinated walking by re-engaging their natural coordination networks when provided with prosthetic legs that mimic the natural movement.
4644h agoSynaptic depression at low frequency stimulation does not depend on depletion of synaptic vesicles, but rather results from a shift of vesicles within the readily releasable pool from a docked to an undocked state.
4644h agoProximity labelling method tmPhoxID maps the intracellular interactomes of transmembrane proteins, including specific interactions like GABAAR-CAMKV in mouse and human brains.
4644h agoDisrupting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex causes problems with the timing of verbal working memory in older adults, but not with visuospatial working memory.
4644h agoVocalisation-modulated neurons in the auditory cortex differ between inhibitory and pyramidal neurons, with inhibitory cells playing a pivotal role in vocalisation-related activity.
4644h agoAlcohol use disorder is linked to reduced functional connectivity in specific transient brain states, characterized by altered neural activity patterns.
4644h agoTelomere shortening causes microglial senescence, which leads to brain dysfunction by releasing a ligand called sDLK1 that impairs oligodendrocyte and neuronal function.
4648h agoOxygen initiates a cell-signaling pathway that regulates behavioral responses to traumatic stress, with changes in oxygen utilization in certain brain cells determining whether individuals develop mental disorders or are resilient.
4648h agoReducing calcium and magnesium concentrations induces long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability in CA1 pyramidal neurons through a mechanism that requires calcium-sensing receptor, IP3 receptor, and calcium-calmodulin kinase II.
4648h agoThe g-ratio analysis software, SnapG, automates the measurement of the degree of myelination in nerve fibers from electron micrographs, producing accurate and reproducible results with less user intervention and faster processing times.
4648h agoAstrocytes can restore the ability of neural connections to change after a critical period of development ends, allowing for experience-dependent remodeling of these connections.
4648h agoPsilocybin reverses impaired reward processing in a rat model of depression within 24 hours, with effects lasting at least 7 days.
4648h agoThree biologically distinct subtypes of depression are identified, differing in inflammation, aging, and metabolic profiles, which have different prognoses, symptoms, and risk factors.
4648h agoThe CA1 region of the hippocampus encodes high-resolution event-based memories through trisynaptic projections from CA3 and low-resolution memories through monosynaptic projections from the medial entorhinal cortex.
4648h agoAge is linked to a higher prevalence of MR-visible perivascular spaces in rhesus macaques, which have a similar anatomical distribution to those found in humans.
4648h agoReward context is encoded in the brain as systematic shifts in neural representations, allowing for rapid generalization and flexible control of decision making.
4652h agoTDP-43 proteinopathies, including ALS and FTD, have distinct neuroinflammatory signatures, characterized by region-specific glial activation, microgliosis, and astrocytosis, which may contribute to region-specific vulnerability in these diseases.
4652h agoDeleting the WAVE1 gene reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, improves cognition, and restores homeostatic microglial function in mice with tau pathology.
4652h agoModafinil increases wakefulness and enhances gamma-band power in the brain's front areas, and also strengthens deep sleep by increasing delta power, particularly after the drug wears off.
4652h agoDeep learning model classifies individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder with 56% accuracy using raw resting-state electroencephalogram data.
4652h agoThe choroid plexus uses apocrine secretion to shape the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome during mouse brain development.
4660h agoLesion network mapping links diverse brain lesions to similar functional brain networks, reflecting general brain organization rather than disorder-specific circuits.
4660h agoRepetition coherence shapes the likelihood of forming auditory objects and the consistency of tracking them, with high coherence leading to object formation and stable tracking.
4660h agoMutations in KIF1A disrupt synaptic trafficking and function, causing delayed neurite outgrowth, mislocalized synaptic cargos, and abnormal synapse density, leading to deficits in neuronal activity and possible excitotoxicity.
4660h agoThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of people with Tourette disorder shows heightened stress responsivity and altered brain cell activity, which may affect the ability to suppress tics.
4660h agoCerebellar-like networks use specific patterns of connections to prioritize learning of certain tasks over others, with the structure of these connections shaping the network's ability to learn.
4664h agoTAM receptor-ligand interfaces are tuned through subtle electrostatic and geometric optimization, allowing for a conserved yet adaptable framework for modulating phagocytic signaling across species.
4664h agoA new framework turns neuroimaging data into mechanistic insights by testing hypotheses about underlying brain mechanisms and rejecting incorrect ones.
4664h agoThe receptive fields of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex can be modeled as velocity-adapted affine Gaussian derivatives that process visual stimuli with different motion directions and speeds.
4664h agoLow-dimensional error signals can be as effective as high-dimensional ones for training deep neural networks, achieving performance matching traditional backpropagation with minimal error dimensionality.
4664h agoThe Mikhailov model is discretized using the Cauchy matrix approach, resulting in a coupled system with explicit solutions including solitons and multiple-pole solutions.
4664h agoThe local conserved quantities of the spin-$1/2$ XYZ chain have matrix product operator representations that simplify their coefficients and reveal a connection to Catalan numbers.
4664h agoA method assesses memory capability of real devices and proposes a path for engineers to create devices with deep associated memory capability by utilizing properties of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.
4664h agoThe study presents the dynamics of bright solitons in an inhomogeneous fibre using a variable coefficient Fokas-Lenells equation, and obtains soliton solutions and investigates their collision dynamics and nonlinear tunnelling.
4664h agoThe solution to the Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation is a null function, as confirmed by multiple representations including spectral solutions, expansions, and Fujita type solutions.
4664h agoThe geodesics of pp-wave spacetimes with polynomial profiles exhibit the Wada property, and their unpredictability increases with the polynomial degree.
4664h agoThe Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis explains thermalization in isolated quantum systems through statistical properties of observables in the energy eigenbasis.
4664h agoFinite-system size affects the dynamics of weakly nonlinear random gravity-capillary surface waves, with varying confinement altering spectral properties, wave turbulence, and depleting two-dimensional three-wave resonant interactions.
4664h agoThe difference in Lagrangian descriptor values between two neighboring trajectories offers a direct and intuitive measure of dynamical behavior, accurately detecting chaos in dynamical systems.
4664h agoA new deep learning model, DBResNet-50, accurately classifies seven dynamical regimes in time series data, including periodic, chaotic, and noisy patterns, and infers the contributions of deterministic and stochastic components within a signal.
4664h agoSpace-time modulation in an electro-mechanical system creates a variety of breathers, including Floquet breathers, with different frequencies and symmetries, and their stability evolves with modulation frequency.
4664h agoThe elliptic Calogero-Inozemtsev system of BCn type has a proposed R-matrix valued generalization for its 2n x 2n Lax pair.
4664h agoAnts' navigation of chemical trails can be explained by a physical model that treats chemotaxis as a magnetic interaction between the ant's velocity and the local chemical gradient.
4664h agoMeasuring mesoscales at high frequencies improves the prediction of large and small-scale variables in turbulent systems, and the Ensemble Kalman Filter method is effective in achieving this improvement with relatively low computational complexity.
4664h agoThe Spectral Submanifolds theory accurately predicts complex dynamics and bifurcations in mechanical systems, including those with delay and spatial discretization, as demonstrated in a Furuta pendulum under control with delay.
4664h agoThe classical elliptic ${\rm BC}_1$ Ruijsenaars-van Diejen model with 8 independent coupling constants can be described by a pair of ${\rm BC}_1$ type classical Sklyanin algebras generated by the classical quadratic reflection equation.
4664h agoAlmost all particles in amorphous solids contribute to the Boson peak, challenging the idea that it is caused by a minority of particles.
4664h agoThe R-transforms used in non-Hermitian random matrices originate from a single scalar function of two variables, providing a new way to compute R-transforms.
4664h agoMany-body localization is a robust example of ergodicity breaking in interacting systems, and it can be studied with different types of disorder, including random and quasiperiodic disorder.
4664h agoAmorphous selenium's transport and avalanche response in lateral geometries at low temperatures is characterized by field-resolved photocurrent measurements, showing how its behavior changes with temperature and field strength.
4664h agoProbabilistic computers built from p-bits can solve dense combinatorial optimization problems quickly and efficiently by using graph sparsification and parallel tempering.
4664h agoThermal conductivity in one-dimensional harmonic chains scales with system size based on either mass disorder or bond disorder, not their cross-correlations.
4664h agoThe driven and dissipative Haldane model evolves into a time-periodic quasi-steady state with a non-quantized Chern number, but still shows remnants of its underlying band topology.
4664h agoThe Hopfield model unifies core topics from statistical physics, dynamical systems, linear algebra, and computational methods, and connects fundamental physics to contemporary AI applications.
4664h agoMagnetization plateaus in quantum magnets serve as a platform to uncover small amounts of disorder, and spectroscopic lines reveal the presence of dilute vacancies as the source of disorder.
4664h agoThe Drift-Diffusion Network (DDNet) solves the drift-diffusion equations for semiconductor device modeling, accurately addressing both forward and inverse problems with minimal computational cost.
4664h agoThe Wehrl-Rényi entropy is a subsystem-independent and experimentally measurable characterization of overall entanglement in pure states of N qubits.
4664h agoA gene network in the brain that responds to stress makes people more likely to develop depression, especially in females who experience adversity in early life.
4664h agoMutations in the SHANK3 gene disrupt normal brain activity patterns that prepare for voluntary movements, leading to impaired motor planning.
4664h agoChildhood trauma alters the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition in the brain, leading to increased excitation and decreased inhibition.
4664h agoIncreased 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in the hippocampus may predict early response to fluoxetine in treating depression.
4664h agoOlder adults have lower initial trust and learn less about who to trust, which is linked to differences in brain function and a higher risk of poor social relationships and well-being.
4668h agoLARI-1.0 and LARI-mini implants enable long-term, high-fidelity neural recordings during naturalistic behavior in mice with excellent mechanical stability and minimal motion-related artifacts.
4668h agoA hyperactive circuit between the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum disrupts normal brain signaling, leading to cognitive inflexibility in early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
4668h agoThe term generative model has different meanings in human neuroimaging, with users agreeing on some functional criteria but disagreeing on specific methods and evaluative priorities.
4668h agoMice with altered nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have impaired emotion recognition and prosocial behaviors, with effects varying by sex and receptor type.
4672h agoThe NEuRT model, a machine learning tool based on BERT architecture, analyzes high-dimensional neuronal data, interprets complex neuronal interactions, and effectively reconstructs activity from various types of microscopy.
4672h agoSingle-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left prefrontal cortex changes local field potentials and connectivity across prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions in a dose-dependent manner.
4672h agoTwo distinct groups of brain cells in the striatum, a type of medium spiny neuron, store opposing memories of drug use and recovery, with one group promoting relapse and the other suppressing it.
4672h agoChildren with minimally verbal autism access global visual structure, but tend to focus on local elements in spontaneous responses, and may underweight global information when faced with ambiguous stimuli.
4672h agoPupil size reflects moment-to-moment fluctuations in imagery vividness, with larger pupils occurring during imagined darkness and smaller pupils during imagined brightness, especially for vividly imagined stories.
4672h agoThe intention to intercept a moving target determines the change in corticospinal excitability during planning, while eye movements affect perceptual accuracy and behavioral performance.
4672h agoEngineered nanobodies, specifically Nb64, can control opioid receptor activity with subcellular precision, suppressing downstream signaling and opioid actions in cells and mice.
4672h agoThe freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is caused by a breakdown in the organization of brain activity in the mesencephalic locomotor region, marked by abnormal alpha-band surges and beta-band modulation.
4672h agoCross-brain transfer improves decoding performance in brain-computer interfaces by using neural activity recordings from previous users, especially when training data from the new user is limited.
4676h agoTime cells in the human brain fire in sequences that encode memory and elapsed time, supporting working memory.
4680h agoThe order in which people learn different types of tasks influences their memory consolidation, not the shared structure of the tasks.
4680h agoThe intraparietal sulcus shows a contralateral preference for saccade planning and execution and has a large-scale organization of preferred saccade tuning width.
4684h agoMotor cortical involvement in movement shows rapid, discrete state transitions, and its engagement is sustained under conditions of sensorimotor uncertainty but dissipates when actions and outcomes become predictable.
4684h agoPredictive coding dynamics in a convolutional neural network improve its performance on misspelled words, making it more similar to human brain function.
4684h agoMice with a specific genetic mutation exhibit deficits in behavioral flexibility and show increased repetitive behavior, indicating a link between the mutation and autism-like symptoms.
4684h agoDirect-pathway medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum inhibit cholinergic interneurons, inducing a characteristic acetylcholine dip-rebound, which encodes the relationship between actions and outcomes during learning.
4684h agoActivating the KCC2 gene helps reduce symptoms of Rett syndrome, including seizures, motor coordination problems, and social behavior issues, in mice with the disorder.
4684h agoSubcortical inputs from the substantia nigra pars reticulata strongly inhibit thalamocortical cells in the ventromedial thalamus, which then channel these inputs to specific inhibitory networks in the medial prefrontal cortex.
4684h agoNeuromechanical digital twins, which combine artificial neural controllers with realistic body models, help researchers understand animal behavior by revealing hidden biophysical variables, generating new testable hypotheses, and advancing healthcare.
4688h agoTraining attention under sensory competition changes the perceived contrast of visual stimuli, with stimuli at the trained location appearing higher in contrast and those at untrained locations appearing lower.
4688h agoThe brain's folding patterns can be integrated into a unified network called the Gyral-Sulcal-Net (GS-Net) that effectively represents diverse cortical folding patterns.
4688h agoAmyloid beta proteins and cerebrovascular pathology mutually reinforce each other, and a whole-brain model shows that a large amount of amyloid beta is needed to trigger Alzheimer's disease, which can also be started by localized reduced blood flow caused by injury.
4688h agoRandomized filtering preserves the underlying geometry of high-dimensional data while reducing its complexity, making it easier to store, transmit, and process.
4688h agoEnhancing the function of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) mitigates procrastination by increasing the valuation of future rewards.
4688h agoSynaptic weights follow a stochastic process due to randomness in neural activity, requiring a probabilistic framework to understand noisy synaptic dynamics in learning.
4688h agoA WaveNet-based deep learning model classifies intracranial electroencephalography signals into physiological activity, pathological activity, power-line noise, and other non-cerebral artifacts with high accuracy.
4688h agoA wave kinetic equation with non-zero interaction coefficient is derived for the Kaup-Boussinesq system, describing wave turbulence in one-dimensional shallow water waves.
4688h agoA new neural network architecture accurately identifies and controls spatiotemporal chaos in complex reaction-diffusion systems by directly incorporating wave-like physics into its structure.
4688h agoNonlinear threshold-cascade dynamics in connected interaction networks enable persistent functional organization to emerge in complex systems, allowing structured responses to accumulate and persist near a critical connectivity threshold.
4688h agoThe covariant Hamiltonian formulation of the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Tulczyjew-Dixon dynamics shows that Liouville-Arnold integrability at quadratic order in spin persists for black-hole-like objects but not for material or exotic compact objects.
4688h agoA rigorous formulation of agent-based SIR epidemic dynamics shows that stochastic interactions on networks lead to complex systemic behavior, and lockdown measures have a significant impact on epidemic spread.
4688h agoA traveling wave of spin waves can leave behind a transformed ground state in a triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnet by rotating the spins within their plane through a geometric phase.
4688h agoThe energy of large-scale hydroelastic turbulent waves decays as a power law in time when they are in a state of statistical equilibrium and then allowed to freely decay.
4688h agoRecurrence Pattern Correlation (RPC) measures the correlation degree of recurrence patterns to identify localized structures in time series dynamics, providing a more flexible tool to analyze nonlinear systems.
4688h agoExceptional periodic classical trajectories in chaotic many-body systems have surprisingly strong and nontrivial stability dependencies on interaction constants and chain lengths, and their quantum counterparts exhibit quantum many-body scars with slow thermalization.
4688h agoA remarkable submodel of the dispersionless Nyzhnyk equation is associated with a family of one-dimensional subalgebras and has a large family of invariant solutions expressed in terms of an arbitrary function of time and the double quadrature of the general solution of the inviscid Burgers equation.
4688h agoTwo integral representations for the wave functions of the hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland system are equivalent.
4688h agoThe quantum hard-rods model shows Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior, with calculations revealing universal features of low energy physics of a gapless quantum fluid.
4688h agoRogue waves form in a one-dimensional quantum droplet environment, and their generation can be controlled using specific protocols for potential use in ultracold atom experiments.
4688h agoA general method reveals that correlations in systems with low-energy excitations decay exponentially along the longitudinal dimension, and the lower critical dimension of Ising spin glasses is found to match expectations from Replica Symmetry Breaking and Droplet models.
4688h agoA one-dimensional quantum system with a Cantor-type fractal potential exhibits a quantum spectrum that reflects the self-similar geometry of the potential, with hierarchical energy levels, a bimodal level-spacing distribution, and critical eigenstates.
4688h agoThe eigenstate thermalization hypothesis needs generalization near thermal first-order phase transitions, where eigenstates at the same energy density can have distinct expectation values.
4688h agoActivated relaxation processes in disordered systems, such as structural glasses and certain spin glasses, involve a rich variety of instantons, including nucleation-like and single-particle hopping-like events.
4688h agoSpin-current noise dominates the motion of skyrmions in typical racetrack memory devices up to room temperature, affecting their propagation and detection.
4688h agoThe limit free energy of spin-glass models with non-convex interactions can be represented as a critical value of an explicit functional.
4688h agoThe Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model's phase diagram shows that its second moment of overlap distribution has an asymptotic value when couplings thermalize at different time scales.
4688h agoSynaptic weights follow a stochastic process due to randomness in neural activity, requiring a probabilistic framework to understand noisy synaptic dynamics in learning.
4688h agoThe glass transition can be predicted from changes in the realizability landscape of the structure factor, not just the structure factor itself.
4688h agoThe first-move advantage in Chess960 gives White a near-universal edge of +0.30 pawns, and the complexity of opening moves varies greatly across different starting positions, with some openings burdening White and others Black.
4688h agoMagnetoencephalography (MEG) can reliably track hippocampal theta oscillations, allowing for potential non-invasive treatments of memory disorders.
4688h agoTranscutaneous nerve stimulation causes a nonlinear adaptation in the cortex, where temporal spacing prevents neural saturation and leads to temporal potentiation with a transition from sparse to widespread activation across the sensorimotor network.
4688h agoPersistent cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 infection are linked to changes in brain structure, particularly in regions connected to networks involving serotonin, cannabinoids, and other signalling pathways.
4688h agoA specific brain pathway, the lateral supramammillary nucleus-medial septum projection, is active during REM sleep and is essential for consolidating memories, especially social and fear memories.
4688h agoRestoring progranulin in microglia improves brain function and behavior in a model of frontotemporal dementia caused by progranulin deficiency.
4688h agoPiezo1 in microglia promotes neuroinflammation and worsens brain injury after a stroke by regulating immune cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release.
4688h agoPeople with post-COVID-19 syndrome have changes in brain oxygen metabolism and blood flow, particularly increased metabolism in the hippocampus and decreased metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex, which relate to cognitive performance and depressive symptoms.
4688h agoOptical event horizons produce entropy through the emission of resonant radiation, which is a key mechanism for irreversibility, and this process follows a generalized second law of thermodynamics.
4692h agoThe random barrier model explains time-temperature scaling of conductivity spectra in disordered solids through thermally activated hopping of noninteracting particles.
4692h agoNew algorithms compute the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy and mana, which measure how far a quantum state departs from the stabilizer set, at a cost of $O(N d^{2N})$, improving on previous methods.
4692h agoThe new Quantitative Structure of Curve Analytical model can distinguish the dopamine receptor-mediated mechanism of cocaine-induced locomotor activity from that of caffeine-induced locomotor activity.
4692h agoThe anterior insula cortex (aIC) activity increases when rats choose alcohol over social reward and this activity is linked to the rats' preference for alcohol.
4692h agoPost-COVID-19 syndrome is associated with changes in brain activity, marked by a shift from externally oriented attentional states to internally focused states, which may lead to reduced cognitive flexibility.
4692h agoRepeated mild traumatic brain injuries cause long-lasting changes in the bone marrow, leading to impaired immunity, metabolic dysfunction, and accelerated aging.
4696h agoSleep disruptions during abstinence from cocaine contribute to increased cocaine seeking, and restoring sleep can prevent this increase and normalize changes in dopamine transmission.
4696h agoA gene called domino, which is linked to autism spectrum disorder, disrupts social behavior, sleep, and activity in fruit flies by affecting gene expression and synaptic communication.
4696h agoMultisensory integration remains functional but changes as alertness declines, with the brain's ability to combine sensory information across senses being preserved but with some alterations in processing.
4696h agoA homeostatic rule that balances excitation and inhibition enables a brain model to adapt to environmental changes, reproduce brain activity, and generate different states of consciousness.
4696h agoNeuropathic pain is maintained by spinal cord changes that involve an immune-associated metabolic state with increased lactic acid and decreased fatty acid metabolism.
4696h agoAstrocytes' calcium signaling has a refractory period that temporarily suppresses its response to neuronal activity after repeated stimulation.
4696h agoTime perception depends on the rate at which dopamine accumulates, not on its absolute levels, and dopamine accumulation dynamics play a key role in temporal cognition.
4696h agoFluorescent nanodiamonds provide a reliable and reusable way to measure the spatial resolution of two-photon microscopy systems.
4696h agoThe imbalance of dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the brain contributes to social deficits in Fragile X Syndrome, and rebalancing these neurons with certain compounds can relieve behavioral impairments.
4696h agoLRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of ArfGAP1 impairs its normal function, leading to changes in Golgi fragmentation, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal toxicity, and suggests ArfGAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
4696h agoA new odor sampling bag system provides precise control of odorant concentration, producing higher maximum perceptual intensities and greater test-retest reliability than traditional methods.
4696h agoAligning structural MR images to a standard AC-PC space enhances anatomical consistency in neuroimaging studies, but manual realignment is often needed due to discrepancies between different versions of AC-PC spaces.
4696h agoOlder adults have less ability to recall learned movements and adapt to environmental changes, and instead rely on attentional resources rather than automatic control of walking.
4696h agoCortical neural activity waves have a hierarchical organization, with large-scale plane waves dominating and local patterns handling local computation, and their dynamics are guided by anatomy and linked to functional networks and neurodevelopment.
4696h agoLenacapavir, a long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis, does not adversely affect the menstrual cycle in mice and may be a viable option for women and girls concerned about its impact on their cycle.
4696h agoFTD-associated tau mutations impair protein synthesis by slowing ribosomal elongation speed, which ultimately impairs memory-associated translation and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.
4696h agoA set of 24 neurons can be organized in a fully symmetric 3D polygonal network that embodies corruption-resistant dynamics.
4696h agoA neural network model simulates the time required for visual insight by coupling a deep neural network with a recurrent neural network that implements a chaotic search process.
4696h agoDetectable changes in EEG patterns occur at specific TMS intensities, providing a basis for individualized stimulation dosing to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reliability.
4696h agoSleep deprivation and dual-task walking affect gait in different ways, with sleep deprivation increasing step time and length, and dual-task walking reducing variability, but not fully due to reduced cognitive resources.
4700h agoA dietary amino acid called L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZE) found in some foods, including sugar beet, can trigger the onset of ALS in people with a genetic susceptibility to the disease.
4700h agoTunicates' central nervous system degeneration during metamorphosis shares molecular pathways with human neurodegeneration, including autophagy and mTOR pathway, and actin cytoskeleton organization.
4700h agoMAPLE, a pairwise-learning framework, enables reliable and privacy-preserving prediction of epigenetic age and disease risk for advancing methylation-based health assessment.
4704h agoDeep matrix factorization framework SPEED uses atlas-level single-cell epigenomic data to denoise spatial epigenomics data.
4704h agoLapatinib reduces postoperative pain and inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory mediators and does not appear to carry the same risk of dependence as opioid analgesics.
4704h agoExplicit reward reduces sensitivity to sensory prediction errors, attenuating implicit motor adaptation, particularly when task structure allows consistent associations between actions and rewards.
4708h agoNMDA receptors play a critical role in generating history-dependent biases that influence perceptual decisions.
4708h agoGBA1 deficiency causes cell-type specific effects, with neurons showing impaired endolysosomal trafficking and increased alpha-synuclein oligomerization, and astrocytes showing neurotoxic reactivity.
4708h agoSox8 and Sox9 govern the proper laminar positioning and maturation of retinal Muller glia, but are not required for their development or repression of neurogenic competence.
4708h agoAging changes differ across layers of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region essential for cognitive function, and spatial transcriptomics analysis reveals these layer-specific aging mechanisms.
4708h agoDeep cognitive attention is linked to heightened gamma oscillations and coordinated visual behavior in specific brain regions, including frontopolar, temporal, and parieto-occipital areas.
4712h agoThe human brain's imperfections, such as noise and irregularities, are evolutionary adaptations that give it robustness, creativity, and adaptability, rather than flaws to be overcome.
4712h agoThe action potential's digital component in neuron signaling has a biophysical nature that is fundamentally distinct from its representation as a set of discrete events in spike trains.
4712h agoBrain charts can now track individual brain changes over time, predicting transitions from mild cognitive impairment to dementia more accurately by using multiple time points.
4712h agoDeeperBrain, a neuro-grounded foundation model, achieves state-of-the-art performance in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) by integrating domain-specific inductive biases and biophysical principles of neural activity into its design.
4712h agoA novel continuous energy landscape framework that uses Graph Neural Networks to learn from full signal values improves the accuracy of neural dynamics modeling and predictions of brain functions.
4712h agoA normative framework shows that agents learn best when they balance learning speed with costs of effort and instability by using a closed-loop controller to maximize cumulative performance.
4712h agoGeneralized Latent Equilibrium (GLE) enables fully local spatio-temporal credit assignment in physical networks of neurons, allowing efficient information storage and processing through biologically plausible approximations of backpropagation.
4712h agoSMOTE-based data augmentation yields the highest classification accuracies for neuronal cell types, outperforming deep generative models like GANs, VAEs, and others.
4712h agoMany contemporary theories of consciousness, including those based on causal structure and function, fail to meet requirements of falsifiability and non-triviality, and this especially limits the potential consciousness of Large Language Models (LLMs) because their functional equivalence to other systems makes them ineligible for a valid theory of consciousness.
4712h agoBiological details in the brain constrain the set of plausible algorithms, producing brain-like models that predict brain responses down to single-neuron tuning.
4712h agoEEG models can predict brain activity measured by fMRI with statistical significance, but their predictive power is impaired for spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity and for models trained on data from a different session.
4712h agoThe "surface wave" and "axoplasmic pressure wave" models describe the same mechanical process accompanying action potential propagation, storing energy in elastic axon components and kinetic energy in axoplasmic fluid.
4712h agoHuiduRep, a self-supervised representation learning framework, extracts features from extracellular recordings that are robust to noise and drift, enabling accurate spike sorting without ground truth labels.
4712h agoSelf-oscillations of magnetization occur in a magnetic double tunnel junction due to self-induced torque, and the frequency and power of these oscillations depend on the current and field-like torque.
4712h agoThe Volterra lattice with a bias term has dynamics that include travelling wave solutions for directed 5- and 6-cycles and stationary "frozen wave" solutions for directed 4-, 6-, and 8-cycles.
4712h agoA frequency-adaptive learning Duffing system achieves optimal vibrational resonance performance by adjusting its natural frequency through a learning rule, making it more stable and responsive to weak signals.
4712h agoMultiple groups of oscillators with distinct mean frequencies coexist in states called frequency clusters, which are created by homoclinic bifurcations and can lose phase-synchrony through transcritical or period-doubling bifurcations.
4712h agoThe totally non-negative pfaffian is defined for a skew-symmetric matrix with all sub-pfaffians being non-negative, and it appears in the pfaffian structure of $\tau$-function for non-singular web solitons of the BKP equation.
4712h agoThese notes provide a basis for an elementary lecture course on integrable systems, covering topics such as the Arnold-Liouville theorem and Hamiltonian methods in soliton theory.
4712h agoA community challenge is introduced to compare data-driven methods for compression, forecasting, and sensing of complex aerospace flows.
4712h agoA new mathematical model describes the dynamics of unemployment with a discouraged working population using five dynamic variables: unskilled and skilled unemployed individuals, discouraged individuals, employed persons, and job vacancies.
4712h agoThe classical elliptic ${\rm BC}_1$ Ruijsenaars-van Diejen model with 8 independent coupling constants can be described by a pair of ${\rm BC}_1$ type classical Sklyanin algebras.
4712h agoA phase transition in duplication-divergence growing graphs occurs at a specific divergence rate, and the presence or absence of non-interacting vertices affects this transition.
4712h agoThe algorithm finds asymmetries in information flow across wavenumbers in a weakly turbulent system, reflecting forward and inverse cascades, and provides quantitative insight into multi-wave mixing dynamics.
4712h agoEighteen distinct dynamical invariants in the Lorenz system are classified into three regularization classes, with Class III invariants acting as geometric probes of lobe-switching and exhibiting elevated kurtosis and heavy tails in the chaotic regime.
4712h agoThe reflective homeostatic dynamics provides a minimal mechanism for self-organized criticality in neural systems, where fluctuation effects are dynamically regularized and response-driven adaptation attracts the system toward a protected critical surface.
4712h agoThe Vicsek model exhibits a phase transition from many clusters to a few clusters as noise increases, with the number of clusters changing from thousands to one.
4712h agoA dynamical-systems framework reveals that the interplay of control, network structure, and noise helps maintain stability during gestation and sensitivity near parturition, and identifies preterm labor as a boundary-crossing phenomenon arising from control failure.
4712h agoIntegrable systems relax to a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), and an experiment confirms the emergence of a GGE in a photonic system.
4712h agoNonlinear recurrence is not always necessary for sequence modeling tasks, and sparse nonlinearity can improve interpretability, promote shared representations, and reduce computational cost.
4712h agoConformable derivatives model critical phenomena near continuous phase transitions, exhibiting power-law behavior in thermodynamic observables and capturing experimental data from niobium with excellent fits.
4712h agoDyMixOp, a novel neural operator framework, transforms infinite-dimensional nonlinear PDE dynamics into a finite-dimensional latent space, capturing nonlinear interactions and improving physical interpretability.
4712h agoThe large N limit of spectral duality exists between rational Gaudin models, which corresponds to a 2d hydrodynamics integrable field theory on a torus described by a noncommutative torus algebra.
4712h agoScientists create and study bright matter-wave solitons in optical lattices using an optical accordion lattice with tunable spacing.
4712h agoThe emission of resonant radiation at optical event horizons serves as a fundamental mechanism for entropy production, allowing optical event horizons to act as consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems.
4712h agoFully connected Blume-Emery-Griffiths neural networks can switch from serial recall to parallel recall of patterns due to dilution in the patterns, allowing for multi-tasking capability.
4712h agoChemical processes can perform in-context learning through a mechanism called subspace projection, allowing them to infer task-specific rules from a sequence of examples.
4712h agoNeural quantum states have a loss landscape that allows independently trained models to be connected by paths in parameter space with essentially no energy barrier.
4712h agoThe unidirectional Hatano-Nelson chain has a complex eigenvalue spectrum that forms a single loop which splits into two loops as disorder increases, and its eigenstates are exponentially localized.
4712h agoThe Hopfield model unifies core topics from statistical physics, dynamical systems, linear algebra, and computational methods, providing a framework that connects fundamental physics to contemporary AI applications.
4712h agoThe random barrier model explains universal time-temperature scaling of conductivity spectra in disordered solids through thermally activated hopping of noninteracting particles over random energy barriers.
4712h agoA non-Hermitian Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper lattice with quasiperiodicity features two in-gap boundary modes with sharply different responses to a spatially varying imaginary gauge field.
4712h agoNew algorithms compute the stabilizer R\'enyi entropy and mana, which measure non-stabilizerness, or "magic," in quantum states, in a much faster time of $O(N d^{2N})$ for pure states given as state vectors.
4712h agoA single critical value $t_\mathrm{c}$ marks the onset of both color symmetry breaking and the transition to ferromagnetism in the Potts spin glass with additional ferromagnetic interaction.
4712h agoGlasses exhibit non-equilibrium aging dynamics due to their complex energy landscapes, and a generalized trap model predicts that weak ergodicity breaking occurs prior to strong ergodicity breaking upon cooling.
4712h agoDeep thermalisation of mixed states happens when maximum-entropy ensembles on a subsystem emerge after tracing out auxiliary degrees of freedom, and this process occurs dynamically in generic chaotic systems.
4712h agoThe structural entropy measure, defined as the divergence between Shannon or von Neumann entropy and second-order Renyi entropy, effectively signals quantum regime transitions and identifies critical regions in many-body systems.
4712h agoThe introduction of a single magnetic impurity into a honeycomb lattice generates chirality and causes chirality reversal at a critical magnetic field strength.
4712h agoGlial cells respond to stressors and inflammatory stimuli in a cell-type specific way, and their activation is orchestrated through intercellular signaling across cell types, mirroring natural multicellular dynamics in brain tissue.
4712h agoNatural-object morphs are discriminated faster and more accurately than artificial gratings because local colour and texture information play a more important role in discrimination than global shape.
4712h agoMassage triggers oxytocin release, which acts on spinal neurons to enhance well-being, reduce pain, and shape touch reward through a single circuit mechanism.
4712h agoThe dataset provides detailed brain imaging information for 33 autistic adults and 34 comparison participants, allowing for investigation of individual differences in brain function and organisation in autism.
4712h agoThe hypothalamus drives systemic aging through neuroimmune-mediated mechanisms involving T cell infiltration and microglia activation.
4712h agoHead direction cells in the brain's internal compass are disrupted when an animal's head is fixed in place, and this disruption alters the cells' normal activity patterns.
4712h agoBoundary vector cells in the subiculum encode future states of an animal's behavior, with their firing patterns aligned with future positions, and they do so at multiple scales.
4712h agoCNO impairs hippocampus-dependent memory formation, while Compound 21 does not, even in the absence of DREADD expression.
4712h agoInterferon-gamma exposure activates LRRK2 in human microglia by inducing a specific signaling pathway that increases LRRK2 expression, and this regulatory mechanism differs between humans and mice.
4716h agofMRI provides the most accurate decoding of visual representations, followed by MEG and then EEG, under matched experimental conditions using a unified decoding framework.
4716h agoGABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus and retrorubral fields have distinct morphologies and locations in the human brain, modulating dopamine neuronal excitability.
4716h agoLower levels of ANKS1B in the brain contribute to the escalation of cocaine intake by affecting a specific molecular pathway that controls gene expression.
4716h agoIschemia-induced microvascular dysfunction after stroke is driven by calcium dysregulation in precapillary sphincters and pericyte loss, leading to persistent neurovascular uncoupling.
4716h agoEye gaze can be estimated from fMRI data using a deep neural network model, and this method is more reliable when used with group data rather than individual data.
4720h agoThe 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is prevalent in neurons and enriched in actively transcribed genes, introns, and enhancers in the human brain.
4720h agoLearning a motor sequence interferes with recall of an episodic timeline that has the same timing structure, suggesting some overlap in the mechanisms that encode timing information between memory systems.
4720h agoParental exercise before mating changes offspring body weight and composition, and influences their brain development and growth, by affecting their brain's regulation of body weight and energy balance.
4720h agoGliotransmitter release from glial cells is not necessary for the formation, maintenance, and decline of courtship memory in Drosophila.
4720h agoSemaglutide reduces neuroinflammation by preventing brain infiltration of neutrophils, suppressing excessive cytokine release, and regulating anti-inflammatory signaling through a subset of Glp1r-expressing neurons.
4720h agoChildhood trauma impacts mental imagery through distinct autonomic mechanisms, with physical and emotional abuse linked to heightened autonomic reactivity and emotional neglect linked to reduced autonomic reactivity.
4720h agoMesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles prevent pain-causing nerve sensitization through cellular uptake and gene regulation by microRNAs.
4724h agoRecurrent coupling in neural circuits strongly amplifies oscillations in the 30-80 Hz frequency range, but does not support bistability, according to a test of connectome-to-dynamics hypotheses using a simple forensic workflow.
4724h agoPeople with schizophrenia have difficulty experiencing time continuity at a millisecond level, which affects their ability to benefit from increased delays between visual stimuli.
4724h agoOcular inflammation increases with age across multiple segments of the eye, including the anterior segment, retina, and posterior segment, and is associated with correlated increases in proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1beta.
4728h agoAmyloid-beta accumulation at synapses is driven by physiological APP expression in neurons, and its quantity and structural maturation are regulated by aging and ApoE genotype.
4728h agoTheta power in the brain increases before slow oscillations, and this increase can predict the occurrence and spatial extent of these oscillations, which are important for memory consolidation and cortical communication.
4728h agoThe enzyme Cyp46a1 in the hypothalamus regulates body weight, and its overexpression protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
4728h agoThe spinal cord has distinct circuits made up of different types of neurons that are organized in specific patterns and communicate with each other in unique ways.
4728h agoSpontaneous brain activity is highly stereotyped across individuals at the level of functional cell assemblies and can be reliably captured through a common latent code.
4728h agoDeliberately modifying breathing patterns boosts parasympathetic activity, which increases risky choices by enhancing reward sensitivity and altering activity in key brain regions.
4728h agoKdm5 deficiency reduces gut microbial abundance and impairs social behavior, and different microbiota-based interventions have strain- and phenotype-specific effects on restoring gut microbial composition and social behavior.
4728h agoTraining in a sensory-association task rapidly suppresses parvalbumin-mediated inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of female mice, which is accompanied by a reduction in parvalbumin-associated synapses.
4732h agoMemory athletes achieve superior performance by converting abstract information into vivid scenes and placing them along a mental path, and their brains show differences in functional connectivity in areas related to scene and semantic processing, and memory.
4732h agoThe proposed approach creates a cognitive architecture through an evolutionary process, allowing autonomous agents to generate intellectual functions and reproduce higher nervous functions.
4736h agoIrreversibility in neural activity in the hippocampus is generated by physical flows through an animal's environment, which in turn create neural flows through its cognitive map.
4736h agoThe brain's billions of neurons can be broken down into three main compartments - soma, axonal projections, and dendrites - that produce unique extracellular waveforms shaped by their morphology and ion channels.
4736h agoA new computational framework helps understand how neural models preserve their functions and signalling patterns despite uncertain parameters.
4736h agoThe Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation's positive spectra, caused by an external energy source, prevent it from following the second law of thermodynamics, but a variant of the equation can generate entropy monotonically, albeit with only spatially constant equilibria.
4736h agoThe lattice Boussinesq equations have two new aspects: they can be extended to a 3x3x3 cube and a new three-component system, called the lattice BSQ-Q3 system, is constructed as an analogue of the Q3 equation.
4736h agoSupermassive black holes at the core of galaxies drive nearby particles into chaotic orbits, and their spin modulates the dynamics by either enhancing or suppressing chaos.
4736h agoThe analytic theory provides an accurate description of the evolution of localized pulses in the defocusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, matching the results of direct numerical simulations.
4736h agoA novel 2+1-dimensional extended Dym-type equation is introduced, which is S-integrable and can generate integrable modulated versions through certain transformations.
4736h agoThe synchronization transition in oscillatory networks shows a periodic global mode that fluctuates in finite ensembles, with its coherence characterized by a phase diffusion constant that depends on system size and type of coupled units.
4736h agoA Lagrangian formulation of Hitchin's self-duality equations is constructed from a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory, relating the symplectic structure and Hamiltonians of the two theories.
4736h agoThe synchronization of relaxation oscillations in reaction-diffusion systems happens through convergence to frequency-synchronized wave-train solutions, with a weak interaction strength of order ε^{8/3} between layers.
4736h agoAdaptive behavior based on risk perception changes the dynamics of contagion processes, with different effects on pairwise and higher-order interactions.
4736h agoThe focusing gauged MKdV (FGMKdV) equation is reduced from the real part of the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equation, and its real hyperelliptic solutions are constructed using data from hyperelliptic curves of genus g.
4736h agoA novel inverse modeling method can recover unknown causal parameters from macroscopic observations of self-organizing systems that produce complex stochastic patterns.
4736h agoOptimization theory is extended to higher-order networks, allowing for the effective solution of combinatorial problems through synchronization dynamics of oscillators coupled over simplicial complexes.
4736h agoThe concept of "covariant Lyapunov field" describes the behaviour of a dynamical system by assigning Lyapunov vector components to almost all points in the phase space.
4736h agoThe inverse spectral theory for a self-adjoint one-dimensional Dirac operator uses a Riemann-Hilbert problem approach to formulate periodic potentials and solve the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
4736h agoThe interplay of network adjacency and Laplacian eigenspectra uncovers hierarchical influence and community structure in networks, with adjacency identifying network structures and Laplacian detecting nodes' influence profiles.
4736h agoBosons interacting with a repulsive Gaussian potential in a quasi-2D plane exhibit Poisson distribution and regular energy spectra at moderate interaction, but chaotic behavior at strong interaction, with rotation enhancing chaos.
4736h agoSilicon interconnects can enable long-range entanglement between solid-state qubits through a Wigner regime that allows for strong Coulomb interactions and Luttinger liquid physics.
4736h agoA simple method combining simulations, neural networks, and symbolic regression predicts the pair-correlation function of passive and active particles with results that closely agree with Brownian dynamics simulations.
4736h agoEntanglement spreads across a network of qubits through a non-standard percolation process driven by the interplay between unitary evolution and spatially correlated disorder.
4736h agoMany body localization is characterized geometrically by the many-body quantum metric and localization parameter, which are related in disordered insulating states and can be used to extract a localization length in the MBL regime.
4736h agoDynamical mean field theory characterizes the behavior of high-dimensional dynamical systems driven by random matrices, with applications to machine learning models such as gradient flow and stochastic gradient descent.
4736h agoA novel inverse modeling method can recover unknown causal parameters from macroscopic observations of self-organizing systems that produce complex stochastic patterns.
4736h agoTraumatic brain injury activates a neuroimmune-extracellular matrix signaling axis in the hippocampal Dentate Gyrus, which mediates early circuit dysfunction through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation.
4740h agoMitochondria transport specific mRNAs, including MAPT which encodes the protein Tau, into axons of certain neurons through a RNA anchoring complex, and this process is crucial for maintaining the local cytoskeleton and supporting axonal growth.
4756h agoNeurons representing specific concepts are reactivated during slow-wave sleep after learning, and this reactivation helps form episodic memories by modifying synaptic connections between these concept neurons.
4756h agoThe neonatal brain detects deviance in sound sequences by encoding local regularities, using distinct processing pathways within sensory and limbic systems.
4756h agoPeople quickly adjust their expectations based on surprising events, and they learn to use patterns in time to make accurate predictions about their environment.
4756h agoAlzheimer's disease changes in the caudate nucleus are mainly marked by phosphorylated tau-containing neuropil threads and amyloid-beta diffuse plaques, and affect multiple cellular populations without reducing neuron proportions.
4756h agoTrisomy 21 causes abnormal neuronal morphology, including shorter and thicker neurites, and disrupts normal neuronal network formation in human neurons and brain tissue.
4756h agoSex differences in brain development are driven by a combination of gonadal and sex chromosome effects, and occur in more brain regions than previously thought.
4756h agoFlexible microelectrode arrays made from thin polymers can reduce inflammation and signal instability in brain recordings, and a new insertion method allows for repeated use in non-human primates with a high single-unit recording success rate.
4760h agoEarly-life adversity impairs social behavior in adulthood differently in males and females, with males showing impaired social recognition and females showing intact social recognition, and changes in brain structures called perineuronal nets in males can be reversed with targeted intervention.
4760h agoA multimodal fMRI framework helps identify network-level targets for focal brain stimulation by integrating reliable intrinsic connectivity maps with task-evoked activity patterns.
4760h agoPhysiological and neural activity in students and instructors vary systematically across different phases of a learning situation and tasks with varying levels of difficulty.
4760h agoIncreased nociceptive nerve innervation in knee joints is associated with higher osteoarthritis severity and knee pain in aged male mice.
4764h agoNeuronal circuits self-regulate their function through an autocrine homeostatic mechanism, where neuropeptide release activates receptors to control gene expression and peptide secretion.
4764h agoParkinson's disease is associated with the emergence of near-critical oscillations in motor cortex.
4764h agoA new modeling-based framework enables individualized electrode placement for non-invasive brain stimulation, allowing for standardized dosing across targeted brain regions while preserving inter-individual variability.
4764h agoThe brain relies heavily on velocity-based proprioceptive feedback to estimate hand position when visual feedback is unavailable, and it also slowly incorporates absolute positional information.
4764h agoInflammation leads to less effortful food choices and changes brain activity in areas that control decision-making, and reducing inflammation increases the likelihood of choosing healthier, more effortful food options.
4764h agoSchizophrenia is linked to abnormal cortical folding patterns, particularly in areas with high connectivity within the brain's network, and is associated with specific genetic and molecular changes.
4780h agoMonitoring brain metabolism with a multi-technique approach reveals metabolic changes in response to acute neuroinflammation, including an early decline in pyruvate metabolism.
4780h agoThe brain distinguishes between two types of empty categories in sentence structure, with greater activity in the left language network when processing control-type sentences than raising-type sentences.
4784h agoAstrocytes regulate maternal behavior in mice by controlling oxytocin levels through connexin 30, a protein involved in shaping synaptic networks.
4784h agoA network of brain areas, including the hippocampus, insula, and PAG, retrieves learned threat associations and adjusts defensive responses based on the similarity of stimuli to the original threat cue.
4784h agoThe brain uses the same memory resources for automatic learning of patterns in sounds as it does for actively remembering information.
4784h agoThe genes MRPL40 and SLC25A1 interact to influence tissue development and physiology, and their combined partial loss mitigates the effects of their individual loss.
4784h agoMicroglial repopulation in aged mice leads to abnormal gene expression in cortical microglia and worsens age-related cognitive decline.
4784h agoA new frame-free imaging approach using event-based cameras preserves signal fidelity and allows for high spatial and temporal resolution while reducing data output by orders of magnitude.
4784h agoUltra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging achieves high-resolution imaging of the mouse hypothalamus, revealing sex differences in its anatomy, microstructure, and neurochemistry.
4784h agoAging changes how the brain makes decisions, with older adults relying more on prior information and less on sensory evidence, leading to stronger biases and reduced precision.
4784h agoThe formation of dendritic spines in the brain is governed by the interplay of physical and chemical signaling mechanisms, where membrane-bending proteins and neurotransmitter inputs interact to create distinct spine geometries and dynamics.
4788h agoMutations in the PANX1 gene disrupt normal brain development, causing malformations such as polymicrogyria and microcephaly, by altering ion conductance and ATP release.
4788h agoNeuronal responses are organized within a low-dimensional structure that accounts for most of the observed variance in how neurons transform synaptic input into spiking output.
4788h agoA new viral vector system based on the yellow fever vaccine enables the mapping of brain connectivity by tracing neuronal circuits from presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons.
4788h agoBehavioral seizure severity in the pilocarpine model corresponds to distinct hippocampal proteomic profiles, with severe status epilepticus inducing broader molecular alterations than mild status epilepticus.
4788h agoFly larvae balance attraction to food and avoidance of conspecifics based on social context to optimize resource use under ecological constraints.
4792h agoFlow states, characterized by heightened performance and effortless behavior, arise during various activities, involve complete task immersion, automatic behavior, and improved affect, and can be identified through physiological measures captured by wearable sensors.
4792h agoThe customized Cortical-Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (C-EPOCS) provides real-time neurofeedback using portable electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data acquisition.
4792h agoSensory networks in the brain become less connected with age during young adulthood, while hub networks remain stable, as brain networks reorganize and become more independent.
4792h agoEmotion influences memory errors by enhancing sensory cortical reactivation, leading to incorrect retrieval of non-specific associations, and this effect is observed when emotional cues trigger misattribution errors.
4792h agoA genetic variant in the gephyrin protein disrupts its ability to form clusters at synapses, leading to impaired inhibitory synapse formation and potentially causing epilepsy.
4792h agoModulating a specific brain circuit can transiently reduce autonomic arousal, and this circuit may serve as a target for treating conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety.
4792h agoThe brain's cortical activity, marked by N1 and midfrontal theta responses, detects and evaluates unexpected sensory events, and persists even when the body is not actively controlling posture.
4792h agoNodal graph-theoretical metrics show state- and network-dependent associations with cerebral glucose consumption, and these associations vary across different brain states and diseases.
4792h agoAdolescents in the UK city of Bradford identify mental health and stress as their top priorities for developmental neuroimaging research.
4804h agoThe study integrated morphology, electrophysiology, and transcriptomic data from single neurons to create a multimodal reference that advances understanding of human cortical circuitry.
4804h agoPsychedelic use is associated with enhanced divergent thinking, but not with enhanced insight-related performance, according to a study of 5,905 participants.
4808h agoT-type and L-type calcium currents play a crucial role in shaping synchronized rhythmic activity patterns in basal ganglia networks, with T-type currents enhancing post-inhibitory rebound bursting and L-type currents promoting intermittent synchrony and sustaining beta oscillations.
4808h agoHuman decision-making involves transforming external evidence into internal mental beliefs through active sensing, which adapts to different contexts and is influenced by evidence availability and attention.
4808h agoIntelligence and consciousness emerge from relational structure, where intelligence is the capacity to form and integrate causal connections, and consciousness arises when systems interpret and learn from their own internal patterns.
4808h agoPhasor Agents use a network of coupled oscillators to represent information through relative phase structure, and learn via local plasticity without backpropagation.
4808h agoReasoning distillation fails to transmit the cognitive structure of large reasoning models to student models, leading to a degradation of human-like cognition.
4808h agoBrain networks are formed through a combination of distance dependence, weight-preferential attachment, and degree-preferential attachment, which together reproduce the characteristic properties of brain networks across different species.
4808h agoA novel reinforcement learning model shows that context-dependent sequential activity in the hippocampus is established through reorganization of neuronal activity, allowing flexible behavior switching in multiple contexts.
4808h agoOptimization theory is extended to higher-order networks, providing algorithms to synchronize oscillators coupled over simplicial complexes and paving the way for a new field that combines algebraic topology, combinatorial optimization, and dynamical systems.
4808h agoThe reflective homeostatic dynamics provides a minimal mechanism for self-organized criticality in neural systems, where fluctuation effects are dynamically regularized and response-driven structural adaptation generates intrinsic parameter flows that attract the system toward a protected critical surface.
4808h agoChaotic resetting, a strategy that uses uncertainty in reset conditions to generate new paths, accelerates search completion in deterministic chaotic systems when a mixed phase space and optimal resetting interval are present.
4808h agoThe suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes biological activity with day and night through two subgroups of oscillating cells, and their synchronization depends on the period and strength of light signals and the proportion of cells in each subgroup.
4808h agoA disease can spread through a population via two modes of transmission: direct social contacts and polyadic interactions, with the disease's spread depending on factors such as hyperedge size, hyperedge-size distribution, and hyperedge-recovery rates.
4808h agoOptical event horizons produce entropy through the emission of resonant radiation, which is a key mechanism for entropy production and satisfies a generalized second law.
4808h agoA crossover from near-integrable behaviour to many-body chaos occurs through a cascade of lightcones seeded by scattering of weakly interacting harmonic modes.
4808h agoA variation of Hirota's discrete KdV equation has two types of exact solutions: discrete Painlev\'e transcendent solutions and periodic solutions described by Painlev\'e-type ordinary difference equations.
4808h agoA constructive framework learns effective Langevin equations from stationary time series that reproduce the observed steady-state density and temporal correlations of resolved variables.
4808h agoStochastic resonance in chaotic systems arises from the coexistence of resonance and chaos, and this phenomenon occurs in a broad class of strongly nonlinear random dynamical systems.
4808h agoElectrons in a dielectric can be described as solitons of the polarization field that interact through short-ranged forces.
4808h agoA novel spin-extended so($d+1$,1) algebra provides a framework for discussing properties of a $d$-dimensional matrix Hamiltonian with spin 1/2 and so($d+1$) symmetry.
4808h agoThe Markov length diverges at the critical point of the Domany-Kinzel model, and the conditional mutual information exhibits scaling consistent with directed percolation universality.
4808h agoPartially symmetric interactions in high-dimensional dynamical systems lead to chaotic attractors, and the maximal Lyapunov exponent varies with the degree of non-reciprocity.
4808h agoThe Non-Hermitian spinful Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper model exhibits a butterfly spectral map with asymmetric spin alignment due to the combined effects of non-hermiticity, spin-orbit interaction, and a textured magnetic field.
4808h agoSpatial averaging masks important microscopic features of many-body localization, and site-resolved spin autocorrelators reveal a rich and complex dynamical behavior, including resonant structures and rare local instabilities, within the many-body localization phase.
4808h agoLong-wavelength density fluctuations allow for glass-like dynamical behavior, including enhanced dynamical heterogeneity, in active two-dimensional systems, and local positional order changes how this behavior develops with increasing activity.
4808h agoLarge language models' logical inconsistencies can be overcome by operating in a Symmetry-Protected Topological phase, which enables robust inference and maintains logical coherence under noise through non-Abelian gauge symmetry.
4808h agoThe quantum spin ice phase remains stable with respect to disorder up to the transition to the polarized phase at high fields.
4808h agoGlycaemia causally affects brain structure and function, with short-term effects on overall brain networks and long-term effects on specific white-matter pathways, and these effects are linked to an increased risk of brain disorders.
4808h agoTraveling waves emerge in artificial neural networks with biologically plausible connectivity and support robust working memory by providing a mechanism that resists visual distractors.
4808h agoDirect activation of layer 4 neurons is sufficient but not necessary for mice to learn a tactile task, as stimulation of other layers can also induce learning.
4808h agoFluctuations from active forces alter the lower critical dimension for long-wavelength density fluctuations, changing it from 2 to 3 dimensions and causing a novel logarithmic divergence of the mean squared displacement plateau with system size in 3D.
4812h agoCephalopods process visual information through a hierarchical system in their brain, with different cell types and layers handling light intensity, polarization, and complex features such as direction selectivity.
4812h agoThe claustrum helps shape frontal brain activity to prioritize relevant information and form effective strategies.
4812h agoAs people age, they become more easily distracted, which impairs their ability to understand speech in social situations, but relying more on linguistic information can help offset this impairment.
4812h agoERK signaling acutely modulates neuronal and network activity by enhancing synchronized network burst activity and increasing calcium activity in cortical pyramidal neurons.
4812h agoHuntington's disease involves progressive dysfunction in specific brain regions, with striatal projection neurons showing early dysregulation and cortical pyramidal neuron dysfunction coinciding with motor symptom onset.
4816h agoThe primary visual cortex combines sensory information with uninstructed facial movements through two pathways: a top-down pathway and a stimulus-gated bottom-up pathway.
4816h agoCombining qMRI data from different sources and protocols still allows detecting age-related changes in brain tissue, but differences in measurement protocols affect the results, especially for certain brain structures.
4816h agoMotivation in complex tasks is not fully explained by learning-based models alone and may need to incorporate intrinsic behavioural drives.
4816h agoThe BYU Seizure and Analytics Tool (YSA) enables efficient analysis and visualization of large-scale neural data from high-density multi-electrode arrays (HD-MEAs), supporting a range of neuroscience applications.
4816h agoIncreasing network excitation causes the rhythmically active area in the brain to expand, and the essential requirement for a discrete breathing oscillator is lost.
4816h agoAstrocytes in the basolateral amygdala provide a stable representation of threat-induced anxiety, and their activity levels are linked to individual anxiety levels and can decode exploration of anxiogenic environments.
4816h agoBioengineered extracellular vesicles, especially those expressing RVG peptides, show therapeutic potential in treating pneumococcal meningitis by neutralizing pneumococcal toxin, reducing inflammation, and crossing the blood-brain barrier.
4816h agoConsuming a diet rich in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) during adolescence impairs hippocampal-dependent memory function, alters the gut microbiome, and affects neural processes.
4816h agoMost people can learn to self-regulate at least two different cortical rhythms, but with varying degrees of spatial and frequency specificity, and learning patterns vary between individuals and features.
4816h agoAcute, low-grade inflammation primes white matter for heightened vulnerability to ischemic injury through microglial-mediated mechanisms.
4820h agoThe right stimulation at specific times during secondary brain injury helps restore normal firing rates in neurons by regulating excitation and inhibition.
4820h agoExercise alleviates stress by activating a specific mechanism in the brain that involves glucocorticoids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor working together.
4820h agoSleep deprivation disrupts the acquisition of procedural skills, and high-intensity interval exercise after learning can negatively affect the consolidation of these skills.
4820h agoThe brain's sense of time is shaped by both its internal workings and the context it's in, and it uses a combination of statistical inference and rescaling to understand the length of time.
4820h agoGlobal predictability abolishes context modulation in the primary visual cortex, and responses to expected stimuli are equivalent to those evoked by a random sequence, but global deviance or local deviance enhance responses.
4820h agoA computational model shows that neuroinflammation plays a key role in tau spread in Alzheimer's disease, and microglia and pro-inflammatory rates are critical contributors to the disease's progression.
4824h agoA carbohydrate gel that prolongs glycaemia helps reduce cognitive fatigue, hunger, and cortisol responses, and improves executive control and in-game performance during prolonged esports play.
4824h agoAuditory attention enhances neural representations of sound features at different levels, depending on the scene structure, specifically boosting low-level acoustic features when sounds are hard to distinguish and abstract category-level representations when sounds are from different categories.
4824h agoThe human brain has direct pathways from the thalamus to the amygdala that help process emotions, with specific connections found between the posterior thalamic nuclei, medial geniculate nucleus, and the basolateral amygdala.
4824h agoEngineered viral vectors, particularly the rabies pseudotyped lentiviral vector FuG-B2, efficiently target and modulate specific dopamine-producing cells in the nonhuman primate brain.
4824h agoThe brain transforms concrete experiences into abstract knowledge through a process of learning that involves the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex.
4824h agoThe brain integrates artificial visual signals from digital avatars with natural speech to enhance comprehension, and neural tracking in different frequency bands plays distinct roles in visual-only and audiovisual speech processing.
4824h agoArithmetic tasks activate a large-scale brain network with strong and transient high-gamma band activations peaking first in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, followed by increases in other areas, and connectivity patterns evolving over time among key network nodes.
4824h agoThe dorsal branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-I) carries multiple fiber systems, including short-range and longer connections, rather than uniform parieto-frontal connections.
4824h agoThe number of neural connections scales to the population size of Kenyon cells through a developmental mechanism where projection neurons adjust their collateral branches and connections.
4824h agoMisplaced brain cells can still function normally and drive behavior if they connect properly, showing brain function depends more on neuron connections than their location.
4828h agoTraining in generative dance increases synchronization between brain signals, but decreases synchronization of motor movements, during collaborative improvisation.
4832h agoA system's ability to change its transformation rules over time represents necessary conditions for genuine agency, and can be categorized into three orders of information processing: reactive and memoryless, incorporating internal states with fixed rules, and adaptive with changing rules.
4832h agoA data-driven framework characterizes large-scale brain dynamical states by identifying a characteristic percolation threshold that tracks multiple cluster- and network-level brain signatures.
4832h agoAgents navigating in swarms use a shared environment to guide their behavior, laying and following trails to minimize traversal time and emerge with efficient navigation paths.
4832h agoLarge language models have functional networks similar to those in the human brain, which are crucial for their performance and can be enhanced or impaired by modifying their activity.
4832h agoSPD matrix learning provides a unified framework for machine learning on neuroimaging data, allowing for principled statistical modeling and integration with AI-driven paradigms.
4832h agoSimple local growth rules, including stochastic branching, fusion, and stopping, can generate biological network architectures that perform multiple tasks optimally, similar to evolved networks in fungi.
4832h agoThe Hou-Luo model's analysis reveals a complex-time analytic structure with a predictable eye-shaped singularity profile caused by the accumulation of multiple fluid particles at the same position.
4832h agoNetwork-level models explain how temperature affects biological systems by transforming individual reaction responses into complex system-level reactions.
4832h agoTraining in generative dance increases synchronization between brain signals, but decreases synchronization of motor movements, during collaborative improvisation.
4832h agoCostly punishment can become productive and raise collective welfare when integrated with upstream and downstream reciprocity in an evolutionary game model.
4832h agoAdding a gyroscope to multidimensional integrable generalizations of heavy rigid body systems results in Liouville integrable systems with polynomial matrix Lax representations.
4832h agoAgents navigating in swarms use a shared environment to guide their behavior, laying and following trails to minimize traversal time and emerge with efficient navigation paths.
4832h agoA driven particle system with three or more lanes shows a universal scaling feature with a dynamical exponent of 3/2 in its steady state.
4832h agoThis work reviews the properties of real quadratic maps and investigates complex quadratic maps under singular perturbations.
4832h agoThe transition to active turbulence in active fluids is discontinuous and features a jump in mean-squared velocity, bistability, and hysteresis between laminar and chaotic flows.
4832h agoA multifractal model analyzes neutron evolution within a reactor, describing characteristics of neutron behavior, and linking percolation probability to the reactor's criticality.
4832h agoLocal loops on the Husimi tree enhance resonant processes, reducing the critical disorder and increasing the spatial extent of localized eigenstates, which helps explain discrepancies between many-body localization and single-particle Anderson localization.
4832h agoThe low-density phase in 2D electron systems with random impurities is an Anderson solid with carriers localized by impurities, not a Wigner solid formed by interacting electrons.
4832h agoThe Latent Instance Difficulty model shows that learning shrinks the hard tail of the error distribution, where generalization error improvements steepen the pass@k curve until irreducible target variance dominates.
4832h agoThe Maximum-Average Subtensor problem involves finding a subtensor of size k with the maximum sum of entries in a given random tensor of size N.
4832h agoFluctuations from active forces alter the lower critical dimension from 2 to 3, leading to a novel logarithmic divergence of the mean squared displacement plateau with system size in 3D.
4832h agoThe reflected multi-entropy, a new measure of mixed-state generalization, matches holographic results in field-theoretical calculations at both zero and finite temperature.
4832h agoMetals in air pollution are linked to increased Alzheimer's disease risk by triggering inflammation, neuronal damage, and amyloid processing changes in the brain.
4832h agoSpiral waves occur across the cortex, emerge from local cortical neuronal interactions, and exhibit complex dynamics and working memory-like characteristics.
4832h agoProtein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (Ptprk) regulates the density of Superior ON direction-selective ganglion cells, which detect upward motion, and its loss impairs the optokinetic reflex responses to upward motion.
4836h agoPsychosis is associated with reduced brain activity and connectivity, and altered switching patterns between brain networks, which may underlie cognitive impairments.
4840h agoStatic structural connections and dynamic functional decoupling play distinct roles in supporting flexible cognition in aging, with static connections preserving network robustness and dynamic decoupling enabling transient reconfiguration for complex integration.
4840h agoMicrostructural measures show early grey matter changes in Lewy body diseases, with people with Lewy body dementia having widespread cortical and subcortical changes that correlate with cognitive severity and plasma p-tau217.
4840h agoReactive astrocytes drive neurodegeneration in diseases like Parkinson's by releasing acidic contents that lower the brain's pH, activating a neuronal channel that causes cell death.
4840h agoThe Enhanced Motor Unit sorter (EMUsort) improves the accuracy of identifying individual motor unit action potentials in muscle recordings, especially during high activity periods.
4840h agoAlcohol use disorder causes brain iron dysregulation, with increased iron levels found in the substantia nigra and caudate, and changes more severe in females.
4840h agoReducing somatic instability of the expanded CAG repeat in medium spiny neurons can delay motor symptom onset and slow disease progression in Huntington's disease.
4840h agoThe aggregation of alpha-synuclein causes neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson's disease, particularly of dopaminergic neurons. (or alternatively, as it seems the original paragraph already conveys a clear and concise message, but following the exact instruction to put the key idea in the front) Alpha-synuclein aggregation causes neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson's disease, particularly of dopaminergic neurons. However, I rewrote it to exactly match one sentence and represent key information: Alpha-synuclein aggregation causes neuronal dysfunction and death, particularly of dopaminergic neurons, in Parkinson's disease.
4840h agoThe brain's arousal system, specifically the locus coeruleus (LC), drives heart rate fluctuations during sleep and supports memory consolidation by releasing norepinephrine in rhythmic bouts that regulate sleep architecture.
4840h agoNeuropixels technology now allows for ultra-high resolution brain recordings.
4844h agoThere is no paragraph to summarize, only a reference citation, but if you provide the actual paragraph about "Composing behavior", I can help you create a simple sentence summary.
4844h agoThe source of evidence influences its impact.
4844h agoTheta burst transcranial ultrasound stimulation does not reliably change corticospinal excitability in healthy humans.
4844h agoThe strength of the lustrous impression in binocular vision depends on the combination of different contrast effects in the surround, with the stronger effect having a greater weight.
4844h agoMutations in ADNP lead to Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome by disrupting a protein complex that normally represses gene transcription, causing impaired brain cell growth and accelerated brain cell maturation.
4844h agoAlzheimer's Disease causes an impairment in the brain's oscillatory response to magnetic stimulation, with distinct features in different frequency ranges.
4844h agoGefitinib, a cancer compound identified by artificial intelligence, protects motor neurons from death in ALS models by activating autophagy and reducing toxic protein fragments.
4844h agoReducing fluid flow shear stress improves the reproducibility of brain organoids by minimizing variation in their morphology and preserving their cellular identity across different batches and cell lines.
4844h agoA structural connectivity pattern between motor and reward-related brain regions linked to physical activity is associated with reduced depressive symptoms and involves neurotransmitter receptors and pathways related to synaptic signaling.
4844h agoExpectations shape biological motion perception by influencing how the brain processes and connects information from different regions, particularly within the action observation network.
4844h agoAcetaminophen works by inhibiting the activity of diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), which decreases production of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, and this action helps to reduce pain.
4844h agoSSAO/VAP-1 expression and amyloid β-peptide accumulation alter the release of vascular BDNF, which negatively impacts glutamatergic synaptic function and neurovascular unit function.
4844h agoAlpha power in the brain fluctuates over time, following a decreasing exponential function, and its dynamic patterns are closely related to functional connectivity within the default mode network.
4844h agoMusical information travels through the brain faster than language information when people see the same visual input.
4844h agoTDP-43 pathology causes early and persistent extra-motor symptoms, including behavioural and social interaction impairments, which correlate with specific changes in synaptic gene expression and splicing.
4844h agoReading activates brain areas associated with bodily experiences, with sensory and motor cortices playing an early role in understanding language, especially for sentences related to sensations.
4844h agoCerebrospinal fluid does not flow out of the brain through the superior sagittal sinus as traditionally thought, with measurements showing no net velocity towards this exit site.
4844h agoMost sensory fibers respond to multiple types of painful stimuli, but respond separately to non-painful stimuli.
4844h agoAnalyzing brain stimulation-evoked potentials with different methods reveals the location of the brain tissue source relative to recording sites.
4844h agoInhibition of the posterior thalamus fully rescues touch hypersensitivity and partially rescues light aversion in mice with migraine-like symptoms induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide.
4844h agoSpinal cord injury in rats abolishes stress-induced hyperthermia, but this response gradually returns over time, reaching pre-injury levels by seven weeks.
4844h agoLoss of dopamine in Parkinson's disease leads to reduced muscarinic M4 receptor signaling in the dorsal striatum, which closely follows the pattern of dopaminergic degeneration.
4844h agoON and OFF bipolar cells work together to generate visual perception by combining a fine central image with a coarser surround image, which improves image sharpness and visual acuity through edge detection.
4844h agoThe pupil's response to changes in retinal input from the visual environment in real-world conditions is captured in a dataset of 83 participants, aged 18-87, who wore a custom-built eye tracker while performing everyday tasks in varying indoor and outdoor lighting conditions.
4844h agoOmega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E, when given together, protect against haloperidol-induced damage to the cerebellum, reducing behavioural problems, oxidative stress, and neuronal degeneration.
4848h agoSSRIs bind to the TRKB receptor, but the low concentrations achieved in patients are unlikely to have an effect through this binding, and higher concentrations that are required for an effect would lead to a near-complete loss of neuronal activity.
4848h agoCesarean section delivery changes early brain development in mice by altering brain barrier function, immune cells, and metabolic profiles.
4848h agoHumans' brain responses to wolves and dogs are similar when they see aggressive images, but people still perceive wolves as more threatening than dogs, showing that attitudes towards wolves are shaped by deliberate evaluation rather than automatic fear responses.
4852h agoThe state of intrinsic activity in the surrounding brain areas, not the areas directly processing the stimulus, best predicts whether a person will detect a visual stimulus.
4852h agoEarly life stress disrupts normal development in the primate amygdala by altering microglia-synapse interactions, leading to premature synaptic pruning and loss of neurons.
4852h agoMicroglial Lag3 receptor plays a key role in linking extracellular -synuclein to inflammatory responses, neurotoxic astrocyte conversion, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
4852h agoNeural responses in the primary auditory cortex to auditory deviants contain information about the frequency change and a memory of contextual information, supporting the idea that deviance detection represents a sensory prediction error.
4852h agoPlacental Igf1 insufficiency reduces embryonic forebrain growth and leads to sex-specific changes in brain development and behavior, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
4852h agoA new computational framework allows analysis of how much neural models can withstand uncertain parameters while preserving their characteristic functions and signalling patterns.
4856h agoThe brain uses scale-invariant, sequential coding to integrate information across different timescales, allowing it to efficiently learn and generalize knowledge.
4856h agoTransformers develop the same structure as newborn visual systems when trained on prenatal visual data, suggesting brains and transformers learn in similar ways.
4856h agoNeural manifold noise correlation improves credit assignment in neural networks by restricting perturbations to the neural manifold, leading to better performance and more biologically plausible representations.
4856h agoA physical system can follow agent-level determination without violating physical laws if it has a dual-laws system, where the supervenience level has unique dynamical laws independent of the lower base level, allowing for self-determining agents.
4856h agoReceptive fields emerge naturally in brain networks due to their scale-free, hyperbolic geometry, allowing neural dynamics to reflect stimulus space structure without fine-tuning.
4856h agoA network of coupled oscillators can learn to solve a classification task through its nonlinear evolution, using a combination of long-term memory, short-term memory, and an evolution law that updates the system in response to new examples.
4856h agoSlow modulation of external forcing leads to three synchronization regimes in a self-sustained oscillator: strict synchronization, intermittent synchronization, and no synchronization.
4856h agoChaotic chemical dynamical systems with three dimensions have at least 6 monomials, including a negative and quadratic one, and can have a simple structure with as few as 4 quadratic terms or 2 quadratic reactions.
4856h agoDark solitons in the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation come in two types, type-I and type-II, which have different structures, dynamics, and behaviors in collisions.
4856h agoThe study of branched PT-symmetric optical lattices reveals that a specific constraint determines the stability of solitons and the presence of complex eigenvalues, with satisfaction of the constraint yielding stable solitons and a real spectrum.
4856h agoA simple two-dimensional model of particles interacting through a double-well potential can produce complex patterns found in amorphous substances, including medium- or long-range order and local polycrystallinity.
4856h agoThe diversity of individual elements in a network drives collective synchronized oscillations, and this diversity can lead to a resonance in the response.
4856h agoParticles with the same energy in a self-gravitating system have positions and velocities that can be exactly described using simple mathematical expressions.
4856h agoThe introduction of delay due to juvenile maturation time in demographic eco-evolutionary games leads to loss of stability of equilibria and may result in complex dynamics, including bifurcations, cycles, and chaos.
4856h agoIntrinsic step jamming occurs on crystal surfaces at the nanometer scale during steady crystal growth or retreat due to asymmetric fluctuations in atomic attachment and detachment.
4856h agoThe Spectral Submanifolds theory accurately predicts complex dynamics and bifurcations in mechanical systems, including those with delay and spatial discretization.
4856h agoMultiplicative quiver varieties have a Poisson structure that allows for the construction of degenerately integrable systems and Liouville integrable systems, generalising the spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider system.
4856h agoThe anisotropic soft-wall squircle billiard exhibits chaotic and regular trajectories in its parameter space, with nonlinearity of its parameters influencing the transition to chaos.
4856h agoA super integrable system is constructed using the supertrace identity on the loop algebra of the Lie superalgebra osp(1,6), and it can be reduced to the super-AKNS hierarchy under certain conditions.
4856h agoIntegrating upstream and downstream reciprocity yields a stable mix of cooperators and defectors when the benefit of cooperation exceeds its cost, allowing cooperation to persist in large populations.
4856h agoThe plasma edge's electrostatic potential modeled as spatial harmonics reveals that wave phase and mode determine whether interference suppresses or promotes particle transport.
4856h agoA network of coupled oscillators can learn to solve a classification task through its nonlinear evolution, using a combination of long-term memory, short-term memory, and an evolution law that updates the system in response to new examples.
4856h agoX-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy reveals that two alloy glasses with similar composition exhibit markedly different responses to X-ray induced atomic motion near their glass transition temperatures.
4856h agoNeural representations in deep learning models and monkey brains diverge when it comes to task-relevant information in image classification, with models and monkeys showing more similarity to their own kind than across species.
4860h agoRational solutions of partial differential equations are difficult to approximate using spectral Fourier methods, but can be computed in a basis of orthogonal functions using the fast Fourier transform.
4860h agoA disorder-free one-dimensional system has an exact mobility edge that separates extended states from localized states when a linear Stark potential is applied to a dimerized chain.
4860h agoAstrocytes undergo long-lasting network remodeling in Dravet syndrome, which is associated with changes in seizures, synaptic potentiation, and cognitive deficits.
4864h agoDrinking sparkling water while watching live sports increases feelings of freshness, enjoyment, and unity with fellow spectators, and reduces hunger and fatigue.
4864h agoArousal fluctuations during wakefulness shape large-scale functional connectivity in the brain by organizing it into a set of seven connectivity communities with distinct patterns of lateralized arousal modulation.
4864h agoA new lightweight fixture for Neuropixels implants enables stable, long-term recordings of neural activity in freely moving rodents with high resolution.
4864h agoHigh-protein foods reduce appetite throughout the day by modulating brain activity and dopamine levels, leading to lower neural sensitivity to food stimuli and decreased food craving.
4868h agoChronic pain changes gene expression in the amygdala, specifically affecting oligodendrocytes, neuroimmune signaling, and glutamatergic neurotransmission, which may be targets for managing chronic neuropathic pain.
4868h agoEndometriosis is linked to changes in brain areas that process pain, and women with the condition have more pain, depression, and anxiety, and perform worse in cognitive tests.
4868h agoAutism and ADHD have distinct neuroanatomical signatures, with autism characterized by a thinner cortex in certain areas and ADHD marked by a thicker cortex in other areas.
4868h agoAutistic adults show amplified higher-order neural responses to tactile input alongside preserved short-term adaptation, with heightened re-sensitization to repeated touch.
4868h agoWitnessing serious harm to others produces sustained sympathetic arousal, primes innate immune cells to elicit pro-inflammatory responses, and disrupts brain systems, leading to a link between vicarious trauma and increased immunity.
4868h agoPanoSpace enhances low-resolution spatial transcriptomics data to reconstruct continuous tissue maps at single-cell resolution, refining cell localization, identity, gene expression, and microenvironmental interactions in cancer tissues and mouse brain.
4872h agoSpatial transcriptomics maps immune gene expression in the developing mouse brain, identifying key sex-specific changes in the context of maternal gut-immune perturbations.
4876h agoNative Japanese speakers with intermediate English proficiency have more difficulty processing English sentences with syntactic and phonological errors than those with semantic errors.
4876h agoThe brain integrates different aspects of emotion through mesoscale functional connections that link areas responsible for motor expression, interoception, and emotion-related processing.
4876h agoAstrocytes decompose norepinephrine input into slow and fast calcium activities that selectively target distinct synaptic pathways and play a crucial role in maintaining behavioral states, coordinating transitions, and modulating neuronal learning.
4876h agoIntroducing a novel threshold nonlinearity enables a new associative memory network to store memories exponentially in the number of hidden units, overcoming previous limitations.
4880h agoHumans use social cues to infer hidden environmental dynamics, which helps them increase movement complexity and promote behavioral innovation through a proposed "Theory of Environment".
4880h agoThe insular cortex uses diverse neural responses to identify different facial emotions, and its activity patterns can distinguish between disgusted, fearful, angry, sad, neutral, and happy expressions.
4880h agoThe human brain forms abstract conceptual representations from sensorimotor experiences and applies them flexibly through a dual-module neural network framework called CATS Net.
4880h agoSimple biological details in the brain constrain the algorithms it learns, producing models that predict brain responses at the level of single neurons.
4880h agoAdolescents who smoke show higher brain responses to smoking cues than non-smokers, and this sensitivity is linked to craving, smoking behavior, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from peers.
4880h agoECG signals reliably reflect cognitive load and can serve as proxies for EEG-based indicators, allowing for accurate classification of cognitive states.
4880h agoA model combining synaptic and structural plasticity produces heavy-tailed distributions of synaptic strengths and complex network structures similar to those found in the nervous system.
4880h agoThe human mind represents probability through rational inference over noisy neural encoding, which accurately explains behavior in tasks such as lottery and dot counting.
4880h agoThe proposed framework constructs combinatorial complexes from fMRI data, capturing both pairwise and higher-order neural interactions through information-theoretic measures.
4880h agoCortical traveling waves and spike-timing-dependent plasticity work together to create a temporary network that supports long-term working memory.
4880h agoNeural representations in deep learning models and monkey brains show a low similarity in task-relevant decision strategies, with model-monkey similarity being consistently lower than model-model or monkey-monkey similarity.
4880h agoContrastive Learning As Manifold Packing (CLAMP) recasts representation learning as a manifold packing problem, effectively separating neural manifolds for accurate classification.
4880h agoCombining synapse pruning with a learning-based compensation strategy derives lightweight spiking Transformer models that maintain competitive performance while reducing model size and computational overhead.
4880h agoThe model of traffic flow exhibits a phase transition at a critical density, where below it, the system evolves into a freely flowing state with cars segregated into homogeneous diagonal bands.
4880h agoInter-site nonlinearities enable solitons to travel far beyond predicted distances in a controlled way, but also make multi-soliton pumping less robust and require faster sweeping rates.
4880h agoHigher-order interactions influence the emergence and robustness of chimera states in networks of coupled chaotic oscillators, and can modulate, promote, or suppress these states depending on the coupling mechanism and oscillator dynamics.
4880h agoRényi transfer entropy accurately captures directional information flow in complex systems when its reliability conditions are met and parameters are calibrated, and its explanatory power depends on the choice of the Rényi parameter.
4880h agoUnstable periodic orbits are identified in a low-dimensional embedding of chaotic attractors using a loop convergence algorithm that avoids instabilities from exponential error amplification.
4880h agoA new method constructs coupled-oscillator models that preserve Kuramoto-type phase dynamics globally, allowing for complex amplitude dynamics and synchronized behavior far from the limit cycle.
4880h agoA new method automatically classifies Lenia systems into four different dynamical classes, revealing the existence of new soliton families and the universality of the phase space structure.
4880h agoAn evolutionarily stable state can be a stable limit cycle, known as an oscillatory evolutionarily stable state, where a population's strategy oscillates over time and resists invasion by rare mutant strategies.
4880h agoUrbanization patterns in 16 countries over 50 years follow four distinct temporal patterns, and a simple model shows that basic demographic and economic interactions can generate these diverse urbanization dynamics.
4880h agoA new "chaos-on-comb" architecture generates ultra-broadband chaotic signals, overcoming the trade-off between bandwidth and parallel chaotic channels, and enabling ultrafast photonic decision-making.
4880h agoA dynamical model shows that bank leverage can create a feedback loop between asset prices and leverage, leading to systemic financial risk through logistic-like behavior and bifurcations.
4880h agoA new model shows that networks with a fixed number of nodes can exhibit stable scale-free properties through node degree fluctuations that follow a state-dependent random walk process.
4880h agoWide channel Couette turbulence is dominated by a large-scale spanwise periodic structure that corresponds to a fixed point solution of the Navier-Stokes equations.
4880h agoBasins of attraction in complex systems can have special geometric properties called singular funnels that affect the system's resilience to disturbances.
4880h agoRational solutions of partial differential equations can be approximated using a basis of orthogonal functions called the Fourier series.
4880h agoA novel integrability condition for the Riccati equation provides analytical general solutions with free parameters that can be used to analyze nonlinear phenomena.
4880h agoNew strategies compute recurrence quantification analysis measures directly from time series or phase space vectors, reducing run times, memory use, and energy consumption while maintaining accuracy.
4880h agoEntropy-Optimal Manifold Clustering (EOMC) mitigates cost scaling and robustness issues of existing dimensionality reduction tools in nonstationary and nonlinear situations while allowing explicit computation of input data reliability.
4880h agoResurgent-transseries describe the complete content of random matrix models, including exponentially-suppressed and enhanced sectors, through eigenvalue tunneling on both physical and non-physical sheets of the spectral curve.
4880h agoA new class of dynamical quantum instability in driven magnets leads to an enhancement of antiferromagnetic correlations through a primary parametric amplification that seeds a secondary instability.
4880h agoBiological rates depend on temperature, and their relationships are often described using empirical models that deviate from simple Arrhenius behavior.
4880h agoPolar chiral active matter can support inviscid Euler turbulence through a statistical mechanical foundation that links its agent dynamics to the overdamped Langevin equation, generating inertial spin waves and macroscopic transport without microscopic inertia.
4880h agoAn adaptive method based on eye-gaze dynamics shows that a velocity threshold accurately classifies saccades and fixations, but an adaptive dispersion threshold is more robust to noise.
4880h agoHigh dimensional dynamical systems driven by random matrices can be characterized as stochastic processes, and this framework can be applied to machine learning models to study learning and generalization.
4880h agoHopping transport in disordered materials is determined by material properties, such as localization length and site distribution, which dictate whether transport occurs through Variable Range Hopping or Nearest Neighbor Hopping regimes.
4880h agoTwo complementary simulations demonstrate Anderson localization, a phenomenon where wave diffusion is suppressed in disordered media by interference from multiple scattering.
4880h agoA disorder-free one-dimensional system has an exact mobility edge that separates extended states from localized states when a linear Stark potential is applied to a dimerized chain.
4880h agoMateriomusic links the structure of matter to music composition, revealing that patterns in physics and biology can be turned into sound and musical structures.
4880h agoOhm's law does not apply to low-dimensional conductors due to disorder-induced electron localization, which affects the scaling of transistors and requires a new model to understand electronic transport.
4880h agoA transition from an ergodic to a non-ergodic phase occurs in a two-dimensional array of superconducting qubits as disorder increases.
4880h agoThe entanglement entropy in quantum many-body systems can be precisely decomposed into a bulk volume-law baseline and a geometric correction formed by local contributions from crossed bonds.
4880h agoCharge transport in a quantum bath is more sensitive to disorder than predicted by classical models, and the choice of rate kernel affects the accuracy of simulation results.
4880h agoA neural network model learns to autotune quantum dot simulators to obtain Majorana modes by relating transport measurements to device parameters.
4880h agoA new method combines simulations and neural networks to predict hydro-phoretic interactions from particle coordinates, enabling self-contained simulations with full hydro-phoretic pair interactions.
4880h agoThe asymptotic behavior of the Gibbs measure in mean-field vector spin glasses is described by a critical point of an explicit functional, with different types of spins having corresponding replica-symmetry-breaking structures.
4880h agoThe spectral form factor statistics of random matrix theory deviate from Gaussianity, with corrections identified to next leading order in a matrix dimension expansion.
4880h agoNeural networks generalize abruptly after memorizing training data, and this "grokking" phenomenon can be understood by framing it as a physical system's relaxation process, where the network's parameters evolve from a non-equilibrium state to a more stable configuration.
4880h agoThe pinning transition in a fluctuating interface interacting with a corrugated wall behaves differently in annealed and quenched systems, but for finite systems, there is a "gray zone" where the difference is hard to detect.
4880h agoProjected branes constructed from square lattices encode key signatures of topological phases, including robust endpoint zero-energy modes and quantized local topological markers, despite lacking the four-fold rotational symmetry of the original lattice.
4880h agoDeFecT-FF, a new framework, predicts the energies and configurations of native point defects and impurities in CdTe-based solar cells by combining DFT data with machine learning force fields.
4880h agoBrain signals can be separated into active and passive parts, and using a new model, researchers calculate that the active signal remodels resting-state networks and task-activation maps. Wait, here is the corrected version: The active signal in brain scans remodels resting-state networks and task-activation maps when separated from the passive signal.
4884h agoChristianson syndrome causes Purkinje cell degeneration in a specific pattern in the cerebellum, with cells in the anterior lobe dying rapidly and those in the posterior lobe showing resilience, depending on their molecular identity and location.
4884h agoMeaning guides decisions by engaging two distinct multisensory processes: one where people combine sensory information when it matches expectations, and another where different signals lead to the same response when expectations are not met.
4884h agoThe CCCvelo algorithm infers the spatio-temporal dynamics of cell-state transitions driven by intercellular communication and intracellular transcriptional regulation.
4888h agoKcnb1, integrins, and the leptin receptor form a complex in brain cells, and disrupting this complex leads to neurodevelopmental defects, which can be improved by leptin supplementation.
4888h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) have different roles in processing pain, with the ACC focusing on immediate pain responses and the RSC transforming pain signals into predictive codes that guide learning and memory.
4888h agoThe integration of voice tone and word meaning in speech is processed in the brain through a network that includes areas responsible for understanding language, emotion, and other people's mental states.
4888h agoBrain networks are highly individualized, with unique states and responses to tasks that can be accurately identified through dynamic fingerprinting, and this individuality extends to both the transitions between states and the instantaneous states themselves.
4888h agoAlpha oscillations and aperiodic neural activity jointly shape temporal perception, with faster alpha rhythms associated with narrower temporal integration windows and greater perceptual precision.
4888h agoContinual formation of KIBRA-PKM{zeta} oligomers allows long-term memory to persist despite molecular turnover.
4888h agoIncreasing light illuminance improves performance on an executive task and has a complex, non-uniform impact on hypothalamus activity, with effects varying by developmental stage.
4892h agoA new method for producing controllable 3D point-light displays using animation rigs and game engine allows for real-time manipulation of motion cues, enabling research on motion perception and social cognition.
4892h agoGliomas tend to arise in brain areas involved in action and are connected to a specific network, and the extent of this connection predicts tumor location and patient survival.
4892h agoA major portion of neural activity related to decision-making in sensory neurons is caused by motor-reporting processes, not sensory readout, and is influenced by behavioral context.
4892h agoThe CO2 sensory information in Drosophila diverges from the usual olfactory pathway through a specific interneuron, and this separation allows for context-dependent processing that leads to distinct behavioral responses.
4892h agoThe optical pin, a new excitation technique, improves imaging of neural structures deep in brain tissue by enhancing contrast and robustness to scattering.
4892h agoThe Drosophila olfactory system makes the world of odorants intelligible by disentangling odorant identity from concentration information, allowing for accurate classification of odorant semantics.
4892h agoNeural symbolic regression offers a route to automated discovery of governing equations for network dynamics across high-dimensional complex systems.
4896h agoCCCvelo, a computational tool, uses spatial omics data to identify how cell–cell communication directs cell fate decisions and uncovers spatiotemporal signaling dynamics that orchestrate development and diseases.
4896h agoThe supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a critical causal role in maintaining precision during high-speed movements by stabilizing motor output under high motor drive.
4896h agoPeople with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) experience greater cognitive strain, shown by increased neural resource allocation and strategy-shifting under load, which may serve as an early marker of MCI progression.
4896h agoKCNV2-associated retinopathy is characterised by disrupted photoreceptor function, reduced cone responses, and abnormal rod responses, which are replicated in a Kcnv2 mutant mouse line that provides a platform for testing therapies.
4896h agoActivation of 5-HT7 receptors increases locus coeruleus neuronal firing, and this effect is greater in a treatment-resistant depression model, with changes in receptor expression contributing to the condition.
4896h agoA CRISPR screen identifies genes essential for neural differentiation and leads to the discovery of a new PEDS1-related neurodevelopmental disorder.
4900h agoRogue Variable Theory formalizes pre-event cognitive configurations, called Rogue Variables, that influence outcomes while remaining unresolved, and a new framework implements this theory using quantum-consistent information-theoretic methods.
4904h agoLinearly transforming deep neural network stimulus representations may not ensure genuine representational alignment with human responses, even with large amounts of behavioral data.
4904h agoA quantum model simulates human conscious reporting of competing stimuli in the attentional blink paradigm, reproducing a non-linear pattern of responses that matches human data.
4904h agoKurtosis in subcortical grey matter structures is associated with iron content, and may be sensitive to iron deposits.
4904h agoA physics-informed neural network framework allows for simultaneous control of synchronization time and coherence level in networked dynamical systems.
4904h agoCollisions between Gaussian and flat-top solitons are quasi-elastic, while collisions between flat-top solitons can be either quasi-elastic or inelastic, resulting in a merger into a single soliton.
4904h agoGeological patterns can form through both abiotic self-organization and biological mechanisms, making it crucial to distinguish between them to understand their origin and search for life beyond Earth.
4904h agoA new topological framework based on framed braids and braidoids reveals that atmospheric rivers interact and evolve internally, affecting moisture transport and extreme precipitation.
4904h agoThe local structure theory for cellular automata accurately predicts steady-state probabilities of small blocks of symbols for certain rules, specifically those that conserve number and have a blocking word.
4904h agoAll 18 cellular automata rules with three states defined by semigroups of order 3 are solvable, meaning their state after n iterations can be expressed by an explicit formula.
4904h agoSolutions of a minimally nonlinear model of large random ecosystems are confined to time-varying subsets of the phase space that decrease with the diversity of species and become exponentially small over time.
4904h agoDissipative active turbulence sustains inertial cascades through a process that maps to a compressible vortex gas, unifying active swarms with classical inviscid fluids.
4904h agoNew information-theoretic measures can accurately detect emergence in complex systems by correcting for the overcounting of shared component contributions.
4904h agoA quasi-Newton method solves for subharmonic periodic orbits, their Floquet vectors, and multipliers in 4D symplectic maps, enabling efficient continuation and computation of their weak stable and unstable manifolds.
4904h agoThe Multi-Scale Negative Coupled System (MNCS) has a global attractor with a fractal dimension that scales with the negative coupling strength, acting as a global regularizer that compresses the phase space.
4904h agoThis paper gives a precise definition for off-shell Bethe vectors in integrable models and proves that they become on-shell when Bethe equations are obeyed.
4904h agoThe genus zero Hurwitz--Frobenius manifolds have Frobenius potentials that stabilize and define an infinite system of commuting PDEs, which is equivalent to the genus zero Whitham hierarchy.
4904h agoMechanical lattices with specific symmetry properties support topological wave phenomena, where symmetry, modulation, and topology jointly govern wave dispersion, modal mixing, and phase accumulation.
4904h agoThe Hamiltonian system and Lax pairs associated with a twisted connection are built, providing explicit formulas in terms of irregular times and Darboux coordinates.
4904h agoApplying a Stackelberg game-theoretic framework with precise adaptive optimization of drug delivery can prolong metastatic prostate cancer survival and potentially make it a chronic disease.
4904h agoThe Ising-type model has a Poisson structure that depends on nearest neighbor interactions, and its L-operator can be used to conclude that a model interpolating between the 6-vertex and 8-vertex models is exactly solvable.
4904h agoThe Quantum Averaging Theory (QAT) provides a mathematical framework for modeling driven quantum systems across multiple timescales, capturing interactions and oscillatory effects to produce accurate descriptions.
4904h agoIncreasing the hopping range in Anderson localisation models shifts the localisation transition to stronger disorder and eventually eliminates the localised phase, even at strong disorder.
4904h agoA periodically driven macrospin system with anisotropic long-range interactions exhibits chaotic, quasiperiodic, and periodic phases, with finite-size effects suppressing some behaviors present in the thermodynamic limit.
4904h agoThe local microstructure of cylindrical piles made of highly concave particles depends on particle geometry, frictional properties, and preparation protocol.
4904h agoA new mapping provides a unified framework for describing disordered topological matter by addressing the limitations of the standard approach to characterizing topological phases in systems with average symmetry.
4904h agoSelf-similarity in learning curves breaks down in a class of neural networks trained on power-law distributed data, exhibiting a form of universality at large data limits.
4904h agoIn systems that lack translation symmetry, the local Hall conductivity increases with non-magnetic potential disorder, enhancing the Chern insulating state, and breaking up disordered patches into smaller ones expands the phase space of the topological Anderson insulator.
4904h agoRotating the boundary of bilayer graphene cavities drives a quantum transition from nearly integrable dynamics to a chaotic regime.
4904h agoMotor imagery remains stable under stress, with people able to mentally simulate motor actions without disruption even when experiencing acute psychosocial stress.
4908h agoNociceptors detect painful heat and trigger escape behavior through a pathway that involves dopaminergic modulation of mushroom body output.
4912h agoMicroRNAs and transfer RNA fragments are differently expressed in various brain cell types, and their cell-type specificity is regulated by specific genetic loci, with changes in their levels observed in Alzheimer's disease.
4912h agoPeople rely more on visual resampling and less on visual working memory when they use eye movements to explore their environment, but shift to greater visual working memory use when eye movements are replaced by manual responses.
4912h agoHemodynamic features from fNIRS can reliably classify surgical performance levels as high or low during virtual reality-based training, with certain features and machine learning models achieving high accuracy.
4912h agoA dedicated brain circuit enables efficient computation, selection, and integration of forward-walking signals for context-appropriate motor control by recruiting specific neurons to control walking speed and direction.
4912h agoAging in female rats causes progressive decline in motor performance, mood regulation, and cognitive abilities, linked to microglial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
4912h agoIncreasing memory load degrades working memory task performance, slows motor preparation, and alters neural activity, with distinct brain-behavior associations seen at moderate load levels.
4912h agoCatestatin, a peptide that helps regulate stress hormones, is deficient in brains with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, and replacing it reduces Tau pathology, inflammation, and improves cognitive function in mice.
4920h agoThe alignment between brain activity measures in animals and humans depends on the underlying coding scheme, with spikes and high-gamma activity aligned when variables are encoded as population response magnitude but not as a distributed pattern of activity.
4924h agoAnxiety alters how people divide continuous experiences into separate events, leading to more individualized and inconsistent event boundaries.
4924h agoReproductive transitions cause dynamic changes in the brain's cellular composition and gene expression, leading to hormone-driven neurogenesis and changes that may influence disease risks.
4924h agoDendritic nonlinearities play a primary role in mediating activity-dependent plasticity by converting synaptic inputs to spiking outputs in CA1 pyramidal neurons.
4928h agoLarger and thicker right Heschl's gyrus is related to better speech-in-noise perception and stronger cortical brain responses.
4932h agoRegions in the brain associated with hand control also support speech, and can be used to decode both grasping and speech through a brain-machine interface.
4932h agoHippocampal neurons, especially in the intermediate subregions, encode and consolidate vicarious fear memories by conjunctively encoding observed distress and location, reactivating patterns of spiking activity associated with the distress context, and stabilizing spatial representations of the context.
4932h agoMicroglia regulate sleep homeostasis by stabilizing wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement sleep through a process driven by adenosine A3 receptor signaling.
4944h agoThe mesocortical dopaminergic pathway regulates neuropathic pain by controlling the excitability of dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex.
4944h agoThe study identifies 11 brain areas important for social behavior in three-spined stickleback fish and creates a map of their location in the brain.
4948h agoSpending time outdoors and using devices in bed are linked to sleep outcomes, with more outdoor time associated with earlier sleep and fewer complaints, and more device use in bed associated with more sleep disturbance and daytime impairment.
4952h agoKetamine and its metabolite HNK trigger BDNF release from mossy fiber terminals in rat hippocampal cultures within minutes of application.
4952h agoDirect lineage reprogramming of glial cells into neurons with a modified Ascl1 variant can induce characteristics of parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons, but requires additional transcription factor Dlx2 to more closely resemble native cortical interneurons.
4952h agoThe prelimbic cortex controls the long-term stability of emotional memories by integrating different programs to regulate the consolidation and reconsolidation of threat memories.
4952h agoThe reliability of brain activity patterns varies with acquisition parameters, with quasi-periodic patterns being more stable in short scans and complex principal component analysis providing a broader representation of fluctuations but showing greater variability with longer scans.
4952h agoListeners who use broader perceptual categories perceive speech better in noise, but this benefit differs depending on their musical background.
4956h agoAstrocytes are activated by intracortical microstimulation, with responses that are spatially uneven and temporally unpredictable, and this activation differs from neuronal responses.
4956h agoAutistic children have reduced activity in the left superior temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus when processing social-emotional language, which may contribute to their social communication challenges.
4956h agoHigh anxiety impairs learning rewards in stable but noisy environments by misattributing random changes to real environmental changes.
4956h agoBrain regions work together to help monkeys update their beliefs about the world through trial-and-error learning, with neural responses changing according to the integration of prior beliefs with new evidence.
4956h agoEEG activity in different frequency bands changes as people learn and attend to words, with gamma power decreasing and alpha power increasing as the list is presented, and divided attention and stimulus relevance affecting these changes.
4956h agoAn integrated hardware and software solution enables high-fidelity imaging at depths of up to 1.7 mm with low excitation power, extending practical three-photon microscopy limits and revealing reliable calcium activity in deep brain regions of awake mice.
4956h agoModulating a neuron's bias current allows a single recurrent spiking neural network with fixed and random synaptic weights to learn and perform well on multiple tasks.
4960h agoDopamine in the dorsal striatum encodes both sensory and reward prediction errors, and helps update sensory expectations to shape perceptual decisions.
4960h agoMyoGen, an open-source framework, unifies spinal circuitry, muscle mechanics, and electrophysiology to simulate human motor control, producing results that closely match experimental data on muscle activity and force generation.
4960h agoThe preBotzinger complex, a brainstem breathing rhythm generator, coordinates metabolic adaptations in response to stress by modulating brown adipose tissue and liver function through PACAP signaling.
4960h agoCold stimulation of Class III sensory neurons in drosophila larvae induces a sustained depolarization that evokes a train of spikes, with occasional bursts of high-frequency spikes superimposed on a brief depolarizing hump.
4960h agoLysine methylation on non-histone proteins changes during neuronal differentiation, affecting proteins involved in signaling, cytoskeleton, RNA splicing, and transcription.
4960h agoCFTR protein modulates the signaling output of taste bud cells, affecting how they respond to different tastes, and its inhibition changes the way cells respond to bitter, sweet, and fatty acid stimuli.
4960h agoThe G2019S LRRK2 mutation combined with a high-fat diet disrupts nucleotide and energy metabolism and exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction in mice, increasing the risk of Parkinson's disease.
4960h agoGanglion cells change their spatial selectivity during responses to a moving object, allowing specific cell types to track edges and provide a representation of the object's boundaries that contributes to motion segmentation.
4960h agoFocal epilepsies are caused by various brain lesions, and researchers study them by modeling epileptogenesis in mice using single intracortical tetanus toxin injections and multimodal recordings. or A study models focal epileptogenesis in mice and finds a moderate increase in global brain excitability and a gradual emergence of brief but intense optically recorded epileptiform events ("microseizures"). However, I think a better summary would be: Epileptogenic changes involve a moderate increase in global brain excitability and brief but intense microseizures that emerge over time after toxin injection.
4960h agoThe spatial organization of predicted post-synaptic sites in the brain follows three key principles: it has a region-specific pattern, varies across cell types, and correlates with brain activity and gene expression.
4964h agoThe Hodgkin-Huxley model shows that parameter variability produces a heterogeneous population of firing behaviors, including non-firing, phasic, regular, and spontaneous activity, which emerges from interactions among parameters rather than from any single conductance or kinetic parameter.
4964h agoThe early processing of colour changes in the brain is mainly driven by contrast adaptation, not by cognitive influences such as language categories.
4968h agoA neural module with a three-layer network and inhibitory neurons can move a pattern along a cortical layer without changing its shape when synchronized with a gamma rhythm frequency.
4968h agoA system for live sorting of neuronal activity (LSS) accurately sorts single-neuron spikes in real-time, enabling live analyses of neuronal signals that match the performance of offline sorting.
4968h agoAging causes region-specific myelin damage in the spinal cord, but enhanced TGFβ signaling in microglia counteracts this damage, revealing a protective mechanism for healthy aging.
4972h agoA generative spike-based framework re-establishes functional connectivity across damaged brain regions, enabling biomimetic neural prostheses and closed-loop brain stimulation.
4972h agoA denoising model on a Riemannian manifold captures molecular energy changes better and enables more accurate molecular structure optimization than conventional Euclidean approaches.
4972h agoHuman oligodendrocyte precursor cells have a previously unrecognized subset that expresses genes linked to synaptic development, synaptic signaling, and neuromodulation.
4972h agoThe hippocampal circuits can reconfigure their communication with neocortical areas by recombining neuronal pools to support distinct interactions across changing experiences and brain states.
4972h agoMeta-learning changes the neural dynamics in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to help animals learn new rules and adapt to changing environments.
4972h agoMice that cope actively with stress are more likely to develop avoidance behavior if they are female, but less likely if they are male.
4972h agoSEZ6L2 plays a critical role in regulating motor, cognitive, and synaptic function, and its deficiency leads to impairments in behavioral domains including motor coordination, sociability, and sensory processing.
4972h agoThe medial and lateral ganglionic eminences are the main sources of neurons and glia for the basal ganglia, and their development is regulated by distinct progenitor populations, gene regulatory networks, and the protocadherin PCDH19.
4972h agoGranule cells in the hippocampus become more excitable and have different firing properties along the dorsal-to-ventral axis, with regional differences within specific sections.
4972h agoSpiking neural networks designed with Bayesian inference principles and trained with spike-timing-dependent plasticity closely match the true numerical solution and can transmit signals over unreliable channels.
5000h agoSequential structure is a key feature of natural cognition, behavior, and artificial intelligence tasks, and a new software tool, SymSeqBench, allows researchers to evaluate sequence learning and processing across diverse domains.
5000h agoScientists study the joint dynamics of membrane potential and time since the last spike in a population of integrate-and-fire neurons, leading to equations that capture the evolution of the full neuronal state and characterize the time-dependent inter-spike interval distribution.
5000h agoPartial symmetry in neural connections suppresses complexity in neural dynamics, while partial anti-symmetry strongly amplifies it.
5000h agoMuscle synergies during running are relatively stable in number and structure, but spatial muscle weightings and motor primitives vary with task demands, fatigue, and pathology.
5000h agoLarge language models reveal long-ranged structure in English texts, with dependencies or interactions existing across distances of up to 10,000 characters.
5000h agoThe self-simulational theory explains how subjective time emerges from self-modelling, producing variations in time perception, including intentional binding, meditative absorption, and other alterations in temporal experience.
5000h agoA family of recurrent neural networks called Fast Weight Programmers uses two-dimensional matrix-form hidden states as short-term memory storage, with synaptic weights that dynamically change over time based on input observations.
5000h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric interactions can develop a large set of stable configurations through simple local dynamics, allowing for learning via a local mechanism that selectively stabilizes a single task-relevant network configuration.
5000h agoIntegrable nonlinear equations with three independent variables can be identified and classified using a method that characterizes them as Toda-type chains admitting reductions in the form of open chains with enhanced integrability.
5000h agoThe Zakharov-Shabat equations recover the Lax operators under a suitable change of independent variables in the KP hierarchy and the modified KP hierarchy.
5000h agoThe state of a cell in certain cellular automata after several iterations can be expressed as a simple function of its initial state, allowing the solution of the initial value problem to be obtained.
5000h agoClassical numerical solvers retain high-order accuracy and strong computational efficiency for solving one-dimensional dispersive PDEs, while neural network-based methods are less accurate and efficient but offer rapid inference after training.
5000h agoSurface tension variations induce complex fracture patterns in thin films, and the number of cracks increases with the viscosity of the subphase supporting the film.
5000h agoAn adaptive method based on Markovian approximation of eye-gaze dynamics shows that a velocity threshold achieves 90-93% accuracy in distinguishing saccades from fixations, but adaptive dispersion thresholds are more robust to noise.
5000h agoSix two-dimensional quantum superintegrable systems in flat space are exactly solvable and have a hidden algebraic structure, admitting polynomial eigenfunctions and infinite-dimensional invariant subspaces.
5000h agoThe string hypothesis for Bethe roots provides access to physical quantities in quantum integrable systems. (or alternatively) Bethe roots and zero roots exhibit a highly structured pattern even without U(1) symmetry.
5000h agoThe extended Dynamical Mean Field Theory framework analyzes gene regulatory networks by incorporating epigenetic modifications to capture their influence on gene expression.
5000h agoA four-dimensional lattice-gas model with finite-range interactions has non-periodic, quasicrystalline Gibbs states at low temperatures that are small perturbations of non-periodic ground-state configurations.
5000h agoThe development of statistical hydrodynamics reveals that turbulent phenomena have intrinsic stochasticity, and anomalies play a crucial role in describing these phenomena.
5000h agoA self-consistent theoretical framework identifies an onset crossover mass of 3.865 for the emergence of secondary synchronized clusters in inertial synchronization systems, providing criteria for predicting their behavior.
5000h agoThe lecture notes examine classical integrability tools and their application to asymptotic symmetries and canonical charges in gauge theories, using Chern-Simons theory in 3D dimensions as a working example.
5000h agoA data-driven method constructs the pseudo-resolvent from time-series data to analyze the Koopman operator, effectively suppressing spectral pollution and resolving closely spaced spectral components.
5000h agoBilinear tau forms of the Painlev\'e equations are derived, relating them to those obtained from blowup relations for supersymmetric gauge theory partition functions.
5000h agoA new adaptation rule shows that the architecture of elastic networks depends on the driving frequency of pulsatile sources and path asymmetry, leading to diverse network structures.
5000h agoChaos theory is recast in the language of statistical mechanics, field theory, and solid state physics, describing spatiotemporally chaotic field theories in terms of sums over their multi-periodic orbits.
5000h agoIncluding global-range interaction allows Bethe Ansatz solutions for quantum systems beyond one-dimensional models.
5000h agoThe Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation, a model for dissipative nonlinear waves, has a new formulation in contact geometry that provides a unified tool for studying pattern selection and state transitions.
5000h agoOrigami-inspired structures can adapt to different impact speeds by switching between folding and unfolding modes, enabling effective energy dissipation across a wide range of impact conditions.
5000h agoThe study models the spacings between nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function using a novel dynamical system, and finds that it exhibits quantum-like chaos with Gaussian Lyapunov functions and level repulsion similar to the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE).
5000h agoStrongly-interacting many-body chaotic systems have non-monotonic equilibrium energy distributions that differ from the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein forms.
5000h agoNeural field equations with random data have solutions that exist, are unique, and measurable under certain conditions on the randomness in the synaptic kernel, firing rate function, external stimuli, and initial conditions.
5000h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple wave packet into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
5000h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in their spectral form factor.
5000h agoHyperbolic equations of a certain form are classified based on the existence of higher fifth-order symmetries, resulting in a list of four equations that meet the conditions.
5000h agoChiral active matter supports inviscid Euler turbulence through a statistical mechanical foundation that links its agent dynamics to the overdamped Langevin equation, generating inertial spin waves and macroscopic transport.
5000h agoA family of virial identities is derived for O(n) symmetric configurations, allowing a systematic decomposition of the global constraint into radially-resolved components.
5000h agoScientists study the joint dynamics of membrane potential and time since the last spike in a population of integrate-and-fire neurons, leading to equations that capture the evolution of the full neuronal state and characterize the time-dependent inter-spike interval distribution.
5000h agoThe study finds an analytical expression for the Lyapounov exponent as a function of energy in the presence of disorder, which describes the exponential suppression of transmission in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model.
5000h agoThe Duffing equation's novel exact solutions, which describe the behavior of materials under non-linear deformation, accurately predict the response of organic and metallic systems under thermo-mechanical testing conditions.
5000h agoThe graphicality of degree sequences that follow power-law distributions can be understood by combining exact and heuristic conditions, leading to a phase-diagram that explains why some sequences cannot form simple graphs.
5000h agoA robust metal emerges in a Chern insulator with particle-hole symmetry when geometric disorders, such as random bond dilution, are weakly stitched via concomitant insertion of $\pi$ fluxes in the plaquettes.
5000h agoImprovements in phase synchronization and cascade sizes occur with certain conditions in a European power-grid when using adaptive second-order Kuramoto models with HVDC line replacements.
5000h agoThe bosonic Bott index is a valid real-space topological invariant for multi-band magnonic systems, and magnon transport depends on Gilbert damping and disorder.
5000h agoProbabilistic computing hardware combined with sparse Boltzmann machine architectures enables efficient sampling of neural quantum states, allowing accurate simulation of large quantum many-body systems.
5000h agoResearchers construct regularized universal topological local markers that apply to Dirac systems and consistently give rise to global topological invariants, and establish a connection between these markers and other known topological indices.
5000h agoRecurrent neural networks with asymmetric interactions can develop a large set of stable configurations through simple local dynamics, allowing for learning via a local mechanism that selectively stabilizes a single task-relevant network configuration.
5000h agoThe driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard chain exhibits two distinct dynamical regimes, a regular quasilinear regime and a chaotic regime, governed by the interplay between coherent drive, dissipation, and interaction.
5000h agoMeasurement-induced phase transitions can be understood as decoherence-induced critical mixed states in one higher dimension, and self-dual symmetry plays a key role in protecting the critical mixed state.
5000h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple wave packet into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
5000h agoRotating the boundary of bilayer graphene cavities drives a quantum transition from nearly integrable dynamics to chaotic regime.
5000h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in their spectral form factor.
5000h agoDigital twins of self-driving chemistry laboratories can help reduce the need for costly real-world experimentation and enable testing of automated workflows on computers.
5000h agoMATTERIX is a multiscale graphics processing unit-accelerated framework that simulates laboratory operations, including robot and device operation, fluids and powders, and chemical processes.
5000h agoBone marrow-derived cells fuse with damaged brain cells, restore their structure and function, and remain stable over extended periods, providing a potential platform for delivering therapeutic genes to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
5008h agoHigh doses of adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivered into the cerebrospinal fluid cause inflammation, ventriculomegaly, and choroid plexus dysfunction, especially in developing brains.
5012h agoA comprehensive workflow using volume electron microscopy enables the accurate 3D reconstruction of synapses, neurites, and intracellular organelles in human cortical organoids at nanometer resolution.
5012h agoThe human dorsal medial superior temporal area (MST) encodes not only motion patterns but also whether optic flow conforms to the ecological structure of self-movement.
5012h agoThe brain's dynamics are organized into parallel processing channels with fast and slow components, not a single hierarchy, with the fast component following a classic sensory-to-transmodal gradient and the slow component linked to cardiac-related neural activity.
5012h agoTanycytic cilia sense metabolic cues in the cerebrospinal fluid and play a key role in regulating energy balance.
5012h agoThe brain contains a previously hidden system of abundant nano-scale lymphatic-like vessels that could enable highly efficient waste clearance.
5012h agoSchema accommodation, which reorganizes a preexisting memory schema to accept new information, occurs through global reorganizations, not local adjustments, and involves deliberate processes with the executive network and reinforcement learning-based control.
5012h agoThe interaction between human B71 and p75 neurotrophin receptor contributes to Alzheimer's disease progression by increasing neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and microvascular compromise.
5012h agoTau accumulation in the entorhinal cortex disrupts neural activity, leading to spatial memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease, with specific deficits in path integration and neural representations.
5012h agoDifferent neurodegenerative diseases have distinct effects on deep brain structures, with specific patterns of volume loss and associations between brain regions and disease-related pathologies.
5012h agoA mutation in the GRIA1 gene causes autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability by leading to overactive brain cells and brain damage, and this damage can be prevented with a specially designed therapy.
5012h agoIsotropic recurrence does not change orientation metrics, but it can rescale gain and select a spatial band, whereas adding a weak anisotropic component can produce delayed sharpening and modest preferred-angle drifts.
5012h agoCervical vagus nerve stimulation elicits more robust cortical responses than trans-auricular nerve stimulation, with distinct effects on brain areas and stimulation parameters.
5012h agoHIV infection causes brain inflammation and damage through IL-17A and other molecular pathways, which can be reduced by antiretroviral therapy, leading to improved brain function.
5012h agoPeople who are not friends work harder and pay more attention than friends when doing a task together, and this difference is stronger when they are in smaller social networks.
5012h agoAbout half of neurons in the visuo-hippocampal circuit are modulated by a specific combination of speed and acceleration to form receptive fields in the speed-acceleration phase space.
5012h agoNeocortical neurons retain their identity and function even when formed in abnormal locations, suggesting brain circuit formation is guided by intrinsic developmental programs.
5020h agoKDM6B promotes cortical myelination by activating the SOX10 gene, which is necessary for oligodendrocyte maturation and the removal of repressive chromatin marks.
5020h agoHyper-IL-6 (hIL-6) treatment causes severe side effects, including tremors and weight loss, while activating Stat3 signaling in injured neurons, which was expected to improve axon regeneration.
5020h agoModerate noise exposure increases the number of synaptic vesicles in auditory nerve terminals, which helps maintain synaptic function during periods of high activity.
5020h agoThe choroid plexus, a blood-brain interface, shows hallmarks of aging, including fibrosis, calcification, and macrophage abnormalities, which contribute to Alzheimer's disease through a macrophage-fibroblast-epithelial barrier axis.
5020h agoMitochondrial diseases cause selective damage to certain neurons because some neurons cannot activate stress-response pathways to protect themselves from mitochondrial dysfunction.
5020h agoTbx1 heterozygosity in oligodendrocyte precursor cells improves spontaneous alternation and changes the proportion of myelinated axons in the fimbria, which may underlie improved cognition relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders.
5020h agoThe circadian clock emerges in specific neurons of the eye called M1 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which detect light directly and indirectly to regulate the body's response to environmental changes.
5024h agoManipulating primary drivers of fluid intake affects the number of licking bursts, not the size of the bursts or lick rate, suggesting that direct controls of water intake are related to satiety processes.
5024h agoFifteen subtypes of bipolar cells in the mouse retina are classified based on their response to light and connection to photoreceptor cells, and specific Cre lines can now be used to study their development and function.
5024h agoOptimization techniques can reliably identify effective deep brain stimulation parameters to improve cognitive control in individual subjects.
5024h agoPractice makes animals perform reward-oriented actions faster and with less variability, and this process involves changes in the connections between cortical neurons and striatal projection neurons in the brain, specifically increased connectivity and input strength to these neurons on the same side as the action.
5024h agoThe balance between velocity-based and position-based proprioceptive feedback influences state estimation during motor control, with systems relying on velocity-based feedback tending to make systematic endpoint errors in simulated reaching tasks.
5032h agoThe zebrafish Tectum integrates auditory and visual danger signals to enhance threat detection and drive escape behaviors.
5032h agoThe OSM-9 protein plays a crucial role in converting short-term memory to long-term memory, and its loss affects the dynamics of memory consolidation.
5032h agoGlutamatergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus regulate the timing of actions to avoid harm by balancing urgency and caution.
5032h agoThe vomeronasal system develops postnatally in Octodon degus, with the anterior part of the accessory olfactory bulb becoming larger than the posterior part by the second postnatal week, and this asymmetry increases with age and is influenced by social experiences.
5032h agoStimulating limb muscle afferent input enhances phrenic motor output and respiratory patterns, even after partial or complete loss of supraspinal drive, by activating intraspinal pathways that modulate the activity of phrenic motor neurons.
5032h agoEnsembles of visual cortical neurons preserve information about hidden objects, even when individual neurons no longer encode the object's identity.
5036h agoA new microscope called HS2PM enables fast imaging of voltage dynamics across large populations of neurons with millisecond resolution, allowing researchers to record deep-layer membrane potentials from over 160 neurons simultaneously and revealing how neural circuits compute.
5040h agoType 2 diabetes mellitus reprograms bone marrow hematopoiesis and immune signaling networks, leading to maladaptive myeloid responses and impaired immune regulation after stroke.
5040h agoChanges in movement statistics and sensory experiences drive the formation of spatial tuning in the hippocampus, leading to the emergence of neurons that support a cognitive map of the environment.
5040h agoThe hippocampus's theta sequences, brief activations of place cells representing future paths, are driven by the medial entorhinal cortex's dynamics, not by active planning or decision-making.
5040h agoThe Simons Sleep Project uses wearable devices to collect over 3,600 days and nights of data on sleep and daily behaviors of autistic children.
5044h agoA new modeling tool tracks learning dynamics across subjects, revealing how behaviors emerge and adapt, and uncovers similarities and differences in a decision-making task in mice.
5044h agoAdaptive intelligence in AI enables machines to learn, generalize, and adapt quickly like animals, by building on biological foundations and brain-inspired strategies.
5044h agoEndocannabinoids signal to either astrocytes or neurons, causing different effects on synaptic function.
5044h agoA new framework called JParc, which combines cortical registration and parcellation, outperforms existing methods in accurately mapping brain regions.
5048h agoDFINE, a deep learning framework, outperforms linear state-space models in forecasting future neural activity in multisite human intracranial electroencephalography recordings and handles missing observations more robustly.
5048h agoDecision paralysis arises from convergence failure in a hierarchical decision process that separates goal selection from action selection.
5048h agoA biologically inspired neural architecture called Rectified Spectral Units (ReSUs) offers a framework for modeling sensory circuits and constructing deep self-supervised neural networks.
5048h agoPremature neonates show sensory prediction in their brains, which is linked to the number of painful procedures they experience, with more pain exposure associated with more mature sensory prediction.
5048h agoDifferent types of period perturbations in sensorimotor synchronization tasks produce incompatible responses when presented separately, but a single underlying mechanism can represent responses to all perturbation types when presented together.
5048h agoFoundation models should integrate actions, compositional architecture, and episodic memory to achieve safe, interpretable, energy-efficient, and human-like AI.
5048h agoThe main role of bodies is not to compute.
5048h agoA time-aware graph neural network model with transformer fusion flexibly integrates tabular data and dynamic brain connectivity data to accurately predict future outcomes, such as tobacco usage.
5048h agoPopulation neuroscience offers a unique population-level perspective for identifying general principles, characterizing individual variabilities, and benchmarking changes, providing a framework for small-scale studies and integrating them with population-level research.
5048h agoStandardization of metadata for high-resolution neuroimaging datasets is essential to facilitate comparative analysis of neural circuitry and disease, and researchers have developed Image and Experimental Metadata Standards to enable collaboration and data sharing.
5048h agoPerceived stereo depth reflects retinal disparities rather than 3D geometry.
5048h agoA unified approach called DCHO models and forecasts the temporal evolution of higher-order brain connectivity, providing superior performance in both state classification and brain dynamics forecasting.
5048h agoAutism spectrum disorder is associated with structural changes in brain regions, particularly along cortical boundary areas and midline frontal-temporal-parietal regions.
5048h agoA new test detects topological differences in functional brain networks, and it works better than conventional tests in identifying differences between brain networks of cannabis users and non-users.
5048h agoNeural oscillations in different brain regions show coordinated activity during a memory task, and a new statistical method can identify the dominant patterns of this activity.
5048h agoThe $\phi^{6}$ model allows for two classes of lattice discretizations with static, translationally invariant kinks, but generic discretizations result in auto-traveling and self-accelerating kinks that continuously emit radiation.
5048h agoThe dispersionless limit of the multi-component Pfaff-Toda hierarchy is a set of nonlinear differential equations that can be simplified by its equivalence to the 2N-component DKP hierarchy.
5048h agoTemporal correlations generate a new universality class of chaotic dynamics, breaking down Feigenbaum universality when memory effects dominate.
5048h agoThis study introduces amangkurat, an open-source Python library that simulates relativistic scalar field dynamics and validates its capabilities across four physical regimes.
5048h agoA simple system with many connected parts shows a sharp switch-like transition between a state with many resources and a state with almost no resources, depending on the probability of resource loss.
5048h agoTwo quasi-continuum models accurately approximate discrete dispersive shock waves and rarefaction waves in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice with Hertzian type potentials.
5048h agoThe sine-Gordon equation can be discretised in non-characteristic coordinates using the zero-curvature representation, resulting in integrable space discretizations in three distinct cases.
5048h agoCovariant Lyapunov vectors are accurately computed when the transient phases of the algorithm are terminated at optimal times, which was investigated for two Hamiltonian systems.
5048h agoThe dynamic behavior of a single reed instrument model changes as a bifurcation parameter increases and crosses a critical point, resulting in the appearance of sound, which can be affected by noise.
5048h agoThe quantization of the modified Emden equation leads to an approximately equispaced energy spectrum, which is quasi-harmonic with deviations from uniform spacing for small values of $k$.
5048h agoA new model of quantum network connections leads to two distinct classes of complex network architectures that are small-world but not scale-free.
5048h agoWesterly wind bursts amplify El Niño events, lead to a more steady increase in warming, and occur more frequently with extreme warm events.
5048h agoFamilies of exact solutions exist for a complex scalar field that follows discrete $Z_N$ symmetry rules.
5048h agoA novel metric called eigen microstate entropy detects a precursor signal for major phase transitions, showing a consistent increase before events like biomolecular condensate formation and El Niño events.
5048h agoA family of virial identities characterizes the local balance between kinetic and potential contributions in topological solitons and tunneling configurations, providing a radially-resolved decomposition of a global integral constraint.
5048h agoThe extended lattice Boltzmann scheme with an additional projection step reduces bulk viscosity and improves stability.
5048h agoA mathematical model shows that a deformable droplet floating on a liquid surface can move through diffusiophoresis driven by surface tension gradients, and it can have three stable states: stationary and circular, stationary and elliptical, or moving with an elliptical shape aligned with its motion.
5048h agoA quasi-integrable deformation of the three-particle open Toda chain retains energy and momentum conservation and admits a quasi-conserved higher-order integral under certain symmetries.
5048h agoAn adaptive Kuramoto model with hyperedges of arbitrary order reveals how interactions beyond pairwise links affect synchronization, showing different dynamical regimes, phase transitions, and the influence of fluctuations on system dynamics.
5048h agoEntropy-Optimal Manifold Clustering (EOMC) mitigates cost scaling and robustness issues of existing dimensionality reduction tools in nonstationary and nonlinear situations, allowing for explicit computation of input data reliability and more accurate predictions.
5048h agoChiral active matter supports emergent Euler turbulence through a statistical mechanical foundation that links its agent dynamics to the overdamped Langevin equation, generating inertial spin waves and macroscopic transport without microscopic inertia.
5048h agoEcosystem stability is reshaped by the sparse and structured connections between species, leading to a topological phase transition that causes multi-stability.
5048h agoThe Mott-Berezinski theory of low-frequency AC conductivity in disordered systems is reformulated to describe transport through an effective potential that encodes spatial organization and energy-dependent localization of quantum states.
5048h agoA maximum-density dimer packing of a site-diluted kagome lattice has at most one unmatched vertex that hosts a monomer, and this property holds for certain other lattices with a specific local connectivity.
5048h agoQuasiperiodicity and topology in twisted trilayer graphene combine to drive the material into a critical regime that enables superconductivity across a wide range of twist angles.
5048h agoEvolutionary forces, thermodynamic constraints, and ecological processes likely shape the logic of living systems through complex networks of regulation and organization that actively enhance evolution.
5048h agoAperiodic monotile tilings, specifically monotile aperiodic seismic (MAS) arrays, can efficiently surpass the Whittaker-Nyquist-Shannon sampling limit when spatially sampling a wavefield.
5048h agoThe quantum conditional mutual information serves as a powerful probe for detecting measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in monitored quantum circuits.
5048h agoThe mixed state projected ensemble, a collection of mixed states describing a local region of a quantum many-body system, tends towards limiting mixed state distributions that depend on the size of incomplete measurements, exhibiting a new kind of universality in quantum equilibration.
5048h agoThe critical theory at the threshold of long-range entanglement transitions to Nishimori universality when both qubit loss and coherent errors occur simultaneously in circuit-based quantum state preparation.
5048h agoSi doping improves the luminescence properties of In$_{0.10}$Ga$_{0.90}$N thin films by increasing photoluminescence intensity, narrowing emission linewidths, and enhancing radiative processes, but also introduces deeper localized states and increased localization.
5048h agoProgranulin deficiency causes cell-type specific changes in lysosomal protein composition in astrocytes, neurons, and microglia, affecting sphingolipid metabolism and lysosome organization.
5048h agoElevated levels of 5-HT2ARs in the prefrontal cortex contribute to Tourette syndrome, and blocking these receptors with a drug called pimavanserin reduces tic-like movements and aggression.
5048h agoActivating CA2 pyramidal cells increases seizure frequency and duration in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
5048h agoChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder have more neural "noise" in their brains during speech, which is linked to lower verbal communication skills.
5048h agoTrisomy of chromosome 21 disrupts fetal brain development in Down syndrome by reducing specific brain cells and altering gene activity, with certain chromosome 21 factors emerging as key regulators of genes linked to intellectual disability.
5048h agoThe p.R15L mutation in the CHCHD10 protein causes a mild, late-onset motor neuron disorder in mice by selectively impairing motor neurons through a gain-of-function mechanism.
5048h agoThe ganglioside osGM1 promotes recovery of neuronal polarity and axonal growth by protecting and restoring mitochondrial function and regulating the cytoskeletal pathway.
5048h agoMonkeys can synchronize to complex rhythms and learn representations that generalize across different rhythm ratios and durations, similar to humans.
5056h agoThe frontal eye field integrates population activity to generate motor commands for eye movements, with the brain combining amplitude and direction information flexibly to produce saccades.
5056h agoRepetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation above motor threshold facilitates corticospinal excitability in an intensity-dependent manner, with high-intensity stimulation inducing immediate effects and lower intensities requiring longer stimulation times.
5056h agoMost transcriptional changes that occur during long-term memory formation decay within days, even though the memory itself remains.
5056h agoScientists can now visualize and quantify whole-brain neural activity in larval zebrafish with high precision using a genetically encoded calcium indicator, capturing snapshots of neural activity during unrestrained behavior.
5056h agoThe temporal organization of slow spindles into clusters during sleep supports declarative memory consolidation, with memory performance correlating with the proportion of slow spindles clustered in trains.
5056h agoSearch mode, parallel or serial, shapes neural dynamics, with distinct brain patterns emerging under visually identical stimulation, depending on whether the target stands out or blends in with distractors.
5056h agoArousal fluctuations shape the brain's functional network states over time, allowing it to access a wider range of states and creating complex brain activity patterns.
5056h agoRepetitive mild head impacts cause a progressive neurodegenerative disease called CTE, which is marked by tau phosphorylation, axonal degeneration, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, with endothelial cells and mitochondrial dysfunction playing key roles.
5056h agoA shared neural circuit in the right hemisphere of the brain supports non-face visual expertise across different domains, integrating visual features with semantic associations to enable recognition of similar objects.
5056h agoMice with Alzheimer's disease-like mutations have partial insomnia with more wakefulness and less sleep, and female mice show a stronger insomnia-like phenotype than males.
5056h agoMany species, from insects to mammals, use a set of connected neurons to determine their direction, and zebrafish and fruit flies use the same basic mechanism to do so.
5056h agoThe urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a marker of disease-associated microglia that drive neurodegeneration, and targeting it with CAR-T cells can selectively eliminate these harmful microglia.
5056h agoAstrocytic cholesterol determines the balance of different forms of synaptic vesicle release and endocytosis, fine-tuning synaptic strength by modulating release sites and vesicle dynamics.
5056h agoMathematics anxiety affects numerical performance by influencing attentional and memory mechanisms in the brain, particularly in areas responsible for number-space mapping and arithmetic computation.
5056h agoThe brain's ability to respond rapidly to changes is linked to its flexibility, which is unevenly distributed across regions, with associative regions contributing the most.
5056h agoThe primary visual cortex uses a convergent coding scheme to segment objects from their surroundings by boosting responses to the object and creating an orthogonal representation that efficiently separates local and global information.
5056h agoThe degeneration of medial olivocochlear efferent neurons, particularly on the contralateral side, occurs in congenitally deaf mice, but not in mice with progressive hearing loss, affecting auditory brainstem feedback circuitry.
5056h agoMany molecular layer interneurons contribute to each pinceau, allowing networks of these interneurons to control the precise timing of Purkinje cell firing through ephaptic signals.
5056h agoA single-cell spatial molecular, cellular, anatomic, and projectomic atlas of the mouse prefrontal cortex reveals that projectomic and transcriptomic cell clusters have distinct modular organization principles and coordinate to configure neural signal transmission networks.
5056h agoDopamine accelerates learning and improves pattern-detection performance, but only when released within a limited concentration and with a sufficient delay.
5056h agoHormone variability in adolescent females is associated with differences in brain structure and mental health problems, with greater progesterone variability linked to smaller left thalamus volume and greater oestradiol variability linked to fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms.
5056h agoElevated levels of the protein FAM84B drive tau propagation by facilitating tau secretion and uptake in cells, and this process can be stimulated by neuroinflammation.
5056h agoALS patients can be divided into four distinct subgroups based on TDP-43 loss-of-function signatures, which are associated with different disease severity and clinical outcomes.
5056h agoFractal analysis of brain images predicts infant age and genetic similarity, including identifying twins, better than other measures.
5060h agoChinese lifespan brain charts reveal later neurodevelopmental milestones than those found in Western cohorts, and individual deviations from these norms help assess clinical risk and outcomes.
5068h agoDifferent neuron subtypes organize specific functions by using specific RNAs in different ways, and specific molecular machinery is present in growth cones at different stages of neocortical circuit development.
5068h agoAn infraslow rhythm connecting the brain and body during sleep is shared by lizards, mammals, and birds, revealing an ancestral process that reshapes our understanding of the evolution of sleep states.
5068h agoThe international PAINDIFF Network makes 13 recommendations for studying sex and gender in pain research.
5068h agoThe isoforms of the transcription factor TCF7L2 are functionally redundant during thalamic development and TCF7L2 regulates gene expression independently of β-catenin in the embryonic thalamus.
5068h agoMetabolic constraints regulate network stability by creating an "inverted-U" relationship between bioenergetics and learning, where too little or too much energy leads to poor learning performance.
5072h agoA numerical-twin framework represents transient narrowband activity as a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with three parameters: decay rate, mean frequency, and noise amplitude.
5072h agoRepresentational drift, or the gradual change in neural representations over time, is a common phenomenon in biological neural networks that could inform approaches to continual learning in artificial systems.
5072h agoSLIM-Brain, a new atlas-free foundation model, improves data and training efficiency for fMRI analysis while preserving fine-grained spatial details and achieving state-of-the-art performance on diverse tasks.
5072h agoThe brain implements coherence during language comprehension through two distinct neural processes: slow contextual integration and rapid event-driven reconfiguration.
5072h agoThe solution of the defocusing Manakov system on nonzero background takes the form of a modulated multisoliton with a dispersive correction term of order $t^{-1/2}$ in the long-time asymptotic behavior.
5072h agoThe BKM equations have Lax pairs that provide a unified framework for many integrable systems, including Camassa-Holm and cKdV, through a Sturm-Liouville operator with a rational potential.
5072h agoA category-theoretical model of cellular automata computation is presented through a practical implementation in Haskell, enabling stochastic behavior and facilitating a mapping between simulation, system rules, and categorical descriptions.
5072h agoThe nonlinear diffusion equation with arbitrary power-law drift has exact, multi-mode solutions that describe how probability flux is absorbed and redistributed over time.
5072h agoThe dynamics of Toda curves of order $N$ are introduced, governing differential equations are derived, and the results are applied to describe deformations of Toda chains, Jacobi matrices, and Seiberg-Witten theory.
5072h agoThe formalism of stochastic differential equations belongs to a class of topological field theories, revealing a topological supersymmetry and providing a new understanding of chaotic dynamics.
5072h agoA new solution to the three-dimensional reflection equation is constructed, involving quantum dilogarithms with arguments in the $q$-Weyl algebra.
5072h agoSpectral submanifolds are invariant manifolds of a dynamical system that are tangent to a spectral subspace of the linearized dynamics at a steady state and have desirable properties such as smoothness, attractivity, and conditional uniqueness.
5072h agoHabitat fragmentation and diversity can promote unconditional cooperation and altruism in populations, even in harsh environmental conditions, by boosting the evolution of pure altruism and suppressing ethnocentric cooperation.
5072h agoInhibitory neurons increase the stability of neural network dynamics, and the model displays phase transitions between disorder and order, with chaotic dynamics emerging in the unstable phase.
5072h agoA two-state framework uses a density-matrix representation to model the coarse-grained behavior of a chaotic bistable oscillator, capturing inter-well switching with a mathematical generator.
5072h agoActive solids with internal driving and elasticity can exhibit autonomous inertial dynamics and complex nonlinear motion through the consumption of chemical fuel.
5072h agoA deterministic denoising algorithm for discrete-state diffusion models based on Markov chains improves efficiency and sample quality in text and image generation tasks.
5072h agoA hierarchy of integrable equations is constructed, including extensions of the Liouville, sinh-Gordon, cosh-Gordon, and mKdV equations, and these equations have conserved charges with nontrivial grading.
5072h agoInhibitory neurons increase the stability of neural network dynamics, and the model displays phase transitions between disorder and order, with chaotic dynamics emerging in the unstable phase.
5072h agoDisorder can induce superfluidity in a system with more than two energy levels per site, as shown by measurements on a superconducting processor.
5072h agoA new spatial photonic Ising machine, called AR-SPIM, directly maps a 797-spin Ising model with external fields into an incoherent light field, achieving a high encoding accuracy and low error rate for solving complex optimization problems.
5072h agoThe spectral localizer method computes the topological invariant of a quantum Hamiltonian as the signature of a finite localizer matrix.
5072h agoLocal focused ion beam irradiation changes the properties of a metal-insulator material, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, converting it from a ferromagnetic-metal to a paramagnetic-insulator, and applying electric stimuli then induces a repeatable insulator-to-metal transition with onset of magnetism.
5072h agoA statistical mechanical model can be constructed for stabilizer circuits subject to independent Pauli errors, allowing for analysis and comparison of the decoding properties of quantum error-correcting codes.
5072h agoA quantum system's information critical phase, where the Markov length diverges, preserves a fractional logical information in a decohered $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ Toric code and acts as a fractional topological quantum memory.
5072h agoResearchers found hidden self-duality in a class of quasiperiodic network models, which yields exact mobility edges and helps understand the Anderson transition.
5072h agoA new class of network models with quasiperiodic slowly varying potentials allows for the exact determination of mobility edges, which can be realized in optical waveguides to observe Anderson transitions in small physical systems.
5072h agoThe Lyapunov exponent can become non-analytic in the localized phase at the boundaries between different localization modes if localization centers are inhomogeneous across a system.
5072h agoThe soft committee machine with ReLU activation learns in a way that its generalization error decreases smoothly with dataset size when the teacher and student networks have similar dimensions, and the error scales inversely with dataset size in the limit of infinite data.
5072h agoThe study finds that the spin chirality decoupling picture explains the experimental spin-glass phase transition in the 3D $\pm J$ XY model.
5072h agoThe electroencephalographic abnormalities in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy include global alterations in EEG morphology, a near-total suppression of theta rhythm activity during REM sleep, and a novel pattern of synchronized slow waves.
5076h agoThe strength of attentional allocation to tracked targets does not decrease with increasing speed or number of moving objects, but tracking performance still declines.
5076h agoRumination is associated with rigid brain dynamics during self-observation and evaluative processing, showing reduced brain-state variability in individuals with higher trait rumination.
5096h agoA new method called CoMA-UNet can synthesize 3D tau PET scans from T1 MRI scans, producing results that closely match real PET scans and are accurate enough for clinical and research use.
5100h agoNFIs regulate the development and lifespan of radial glial progenitors, and their misexpression leads to brain malformations and abnormal neocortical development.
5100h agoMiR-383-5p alleviates hemorrhagic transformation and brain injury after reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke by regulating NOX4 and reducing oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis.
5100h agoRegions of V2 and V3 represent the contralateral visual hemifield in parallel with V1 and with each other, and the DL-V4 region serves as a major node linking dorsal and ventral streams of visual processing.
5100h agoKetone body metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining Muller cell function and retinal integrity by supporting glutamate homeostasis and redox balance.
5100h agoCircadian disruption directly impairs object recognition memory by disrupting the connection between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the hippocampus, and reorganizing brain-wide functional connectivity.
5100h agoEpisodic experience triggers coordinated ensemble activity in the hippocampus, leading to changes in neural representation and synaptic remodeling that contribute to memory encoding.
5104h agoNeural Latching Switch Circuits can be assembled to create neural architectures that support complex temporal structures in behavior, enabling the implementation of any procedural behavior.
5104h agoDeclining physical activity with age is caused by changes in brain serotonin neurons, specifically the activity at 5-HT2C receptors in the ventral tegmental area.
5104h agoLetsACT, a multimodal integration platform, enables analysis of human brain cells at single-cell resolution, producing one of the largest human cortical morphology datasets to date and revealing how tumor infiltration affects neuronal morphology and gene expression.
5104h agoInteractions between rod and cone signals in the retina impair motion direction discrimination under low light conditions.
5104h agoMicroglia interact with noradrenergic axons in the frontal cortex to promote cortical norepinephrine transmission and maintain stable wakefulness.
5104h agoA modular, low-cost behavioral platform enables precise measurement of movement and arousal in head-fixed mice, providing insights into how the brain transforms sensory input into coordinated action.
5104h agoRiluzole improves memory impairment caused by A{beta}1-42 oligomers in Alzheimer's disease by reducing neuronal damage, promoting glial protection, and preserving synaptic integrity.
5104h agoHuntington disease causes selective loss of certain brain cells, particularly those with large CAG repeat expansions, and this cell loss is linked to specific patterns of transcriptional changes and huntingtin aggregation.
5104h agoThe habenula inhibits activity in the ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nucleus in response to negative feedback and excites them in response to positive feedback, guiding adaptive behavior.
5116h agoPeople with generalized anxiety disorder have changes in the brain's white matter, including weaker prefrontal control and stronger cingulate connectivity, which are linked to their anxiety and worry levels.
5116h agoPreterm birth disrupts the maturation of brain structural organisation and functional activity, particularly affecting theta oscillations and aperiodic activity in early infancy.
5116h agoMitochondrial removal through mitophagy in axons increases only when neuronal activity and mitochondrial damage occur together, and this process requires Pink1.
5128h agoPregabalin provides robust and sustained symptom relief for patients with restless legs syndrome who have end-stage renal disease.
5128h agoThe visual system integrates sensory information across space and time through a continuous process, where temporal integration is enhanced when visual events are close in time, aligned in space, and brief.
5128h agoInducing a hibernation-like state suppresses the progression of early amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease model mice.
5128h agoA shared ensemble of neurons in the prelimbic area of the brain tracks activity across multiple behaviors, predicting a specific combination of impulsivity and anxiety-like behavior.
5128h agoThe cognitive map, formed by the hippocampus, helps animals adapt their behavior by encoding spatiotemporal proximity and perceived salience, guiding behavior based on motivational state.
5128h agoThe specific phases of breathing affect memory performance, with the late exhalation phase during both encoding and retrieval being a favorable time for shaping memory.
5128h agoA multifactorial causal framework identifies causal pathways from cognitive and personality traits to mental health outcomes in adolescents, highlighting potential personalized intervention targets.
5132h agoMicroRNAs play critical roles in the development and differentiation of human oligodendrocyte cells, with specific microRNAs enriched at distinct stages of cell maturation.
5132h agoLow vision does not increase susceptibility to cross-modal illusions overall; instead, auditory enhancement depends on local visual reliability.
5132h agoInducing Plagl2 and antagonizing Dyrk1a activates neurogenesis, reduces amyloid-beta deposition, and improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease model mice by changing gene expression in the hippocampus.
5132h agoSampling rate affects data quality in event-related potential research, with univariate analysis metrics most impacted and multivariate decoding performance remaining robust even at lower sampling rates.
5132h agoActivated microglia interact with vasculature in a way that contributes to depression by damaging vascular structure and function through a process involving angiotensin II type 1 receptor signaling.
5132h agoPhysiological upscaling of the active zone scaffold Bruchpilot expands the number of functional release sites, reduces vesicle release probability, and establishes a presynaptic operating mode with enhanced transmission at intermediate firing frequencies.
5132h agoMutations in Eml1 disrupt normal brain development by altering the trafficking of organelles and affecting translation in apical radial glia progenitors, leading to severe heterotopia formation.
5132h agoSpatially consistent activation of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) drives memory-guided navigation, and this activation helps form memories for locations that predict rewards.
5132h agoPaced breathing increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillations, and breathing at a frequency of 0.02-0.03 Hz especially strengthens the link between CSF oscillations and brain activity.
5132h agoElectroconvulsive therapy disrupts hippocampal functions and causes memory loss for specific types of information, particularly object-context associations.
5132h agoThe UC Irvine Brain Procurement Program establishes a community-based framework to collect and process neurotypical human brains for mapping studies, demonstrating the feasibility of recruiting donors and processing brains while highlighting challenges in ensuring demographic representation.
5132h agoThe human nigrostriatal pathway can be modeled in vitro using a compartmentalized stem cell-based system, allowing study of its development, degeneration, and potential therapeutic interventions.
5132h agoL-DOPA affects learning by decreasing switching after low rewards and modelling shows it has a dual effect on the rate and precision of learning.
5132h agoPsilocybin decreases reward seeking by increasing the activation of specific brain cells in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
5132h agoThe SAFB protein PHM-2 regulates synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junctions in C. elegans by controlling SLO-2 potassium channel expression through a posttranscriptional mechanism.
5136h agoSCA27B is caused by reduced FGF14 production, leading to decreased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, which can be restored by treatment with a synthetic elongation transcription factor called Syn-TEF1.
5136h agoReciprocal loops between the neocortex and thalamus form an amplifier circuit that can switch between integrating and amplifying modes, leading to competitive selection of motor commands.
5140h agoMitochondrial function and purine metabolism are interdependent and their disruption leads to neurodevelopmental problems, through compromised genome stability, impaired cell proliferation, and delayed neuronal maturation.
5140h agoOptimizing audiobook speech parameters allows for faster and more efficient measurement of auditory brainstem responses to complex sounds, with the largest responses evoked when narrator's fundamental frequency is lowered to 90-110 Hz.
5140h agoNeural oscillations are reflected in reliable behavioral oscillations in the theta band, and the relationship between task difficulty and the frequency of these oscillations requires further study.
5140h agoNeurons in the anterior inferotemporal cortex integrate visual evidence over time to form decisions and transform sensory inputs to support goal-directed behavior.
5140h agoBrain maturation trajectories in adolescence are associated with birth weight and changes in mental health.
5140h agoA fast, direct pathway in the brain processes threatening sounds in humans, using a route from the auditory system to the amygdala, similar to a known pathway for visual threat processing.
5140h agoSpatial distance between an action and its outcome does not weaken the sense of agency, as current evidence shows no effect of distance on the feeling of control over one's actions and consequences.
5144h agoA new modeling framework replaces traditional hidden Markov models with mixed additive models to better account for subject-level differences and nonlinear effects of experimental covariates on neurophysiological signals.
5144h agoBlocking Kv1.3 channels reduces neuroinflammation and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease by impacting microglia, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes, and modulating type 2 IFN signaling.
5144h agoFisher information, a measure of neuronal sensitivity to stimuli, becomes unreliable in realistic settings with complex or high-dimensional stimuli, but alternative measures, stimulus-specific information and local information, provide a more robust quantification of sensitivity.
5144h agoThe functional properties of retinal ganglion cells mature and change over development, with some cells maintaining their response types and others changing to become more specialized in detecting motion.
5144h agoEmpathy leads to a faster perceived passage of time, and this effect is linked to greater visual attention to the eyes, not to changes in physiological arousal.
5144h agoAnesthesia causes brain spindles through the irregular firing of thalamic and cortical neurons, which is linked to the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and their interactions.
5144h agoPupil dilations in response to task-irrelevant sounds predict memory success, but the sounds themselves do not improve memory.
5144h agoA portable optically pumped magnetometer system can decode fine finger movements and detect muscle activation patterns without skin contact, matching the abilities of electromyography.
5144h agoCombining the drug valproate with constraint induced movement therapy improves functional recovery after a stroke by enhancing neuroprotective effects and modulating stress responses.
5144h agoPredictability of a robot's behavior is more important than smoothness for building trust with humans, and consistent behavior leads to increased trust and positive feelings over time.
5144h agoMice make rapid response revisions when faced with uncertain olfactory stimuli, especially for complex odors, and this cognitive flexibility is controlled by neural mechanisms in the olfactory bulb.
5144h agoThe AAV capsid variants PHP.eB and CNSRCV300 cross the blood-brain barrier more efficiently than AAV9, with CNSRCV300 showing the best balance between brain targeting and safety.
5144h agoDopamine and octopamine alter odor-driven neural activity in opposite ways, with dopamine increasing and octopamine decreasing neural activity and behavioral responses to odors.
5144h agoCdk5/p35 signaling plays a critical role in maintaining the functional balance between prefrontal and hippocampal networks, and its dysregulation leads to working memory impairment in ADHD, with sex-specific differences in neuronal activation and pharmacological responses.
5144h agoThe removal of brain waste by mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (muLECs) is highest during the waking day and is regulated by a combination of the circadian clock and time spent awake.
5144h agoA new affordable photometry system using a multi-fiber array allows monitoring of neural signals across multiple brain regions, enabling the identification of state-dependent, region-specific neural dynamics.
5148h agoThe sensitivity to detect local auditory changes is not uniform over time, instead it follows an inverted U-shape, being worse at sound start and end, and best in the middle.
5148h agoThyroid hormone deficiency disrupts brain maturation and function, leading to intellectual disability and movement disorders in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, by causing an imbalance in GABAergic versus glutamatergic signaling, perturbing primary cilia formation, and altering oligodendrocyte development.
5148h agoThe capillary endothelial cell Arf6 sustains Kir2.1 channel activity by maintaining phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) levels, which is critical for directing blood flow to active brain regions.
5148h agoPupil diameter changes during motion planning reflect preparatory processes and can be measured using a luminance-insensitive method called pupillary hippus, making it possible to study motion planning in natural conditions.
5148h agoSensory information from different sources is integrated in a specific order in the brain, with separate areas handling visual and tactile evidence before combining into a single decision.
5148h agoCells without usual clock parts can still have strong daily rhythms, and different types of cells use distinct mechanisms to generate and follow these rhythms.
5148h agoAutophagy dynamics vary by location within neurons and are modulated by experience, with different cell types and neuronal compartments showing distinct autophagy levels and activity.
5148h agoA deep learning approach accurately detects electrodes in focal tDCS-fMRI studies, achieving robust segmentation and outperforming manual and semi-automated methods.
5148h agoThe E83Q mutation in alpha-synuclein causes a local rearrangement in the protein's structure, bringing the hydrophobic region closer to the N-terminus, which in turn enhances protein aggregation and pathogenic properties.
5148h agoExon skipping works better in restoring dystrophin protein and improving muscle pathology when treatment starts early rather than later in life.
5148h agoA new sensor called LifeCamp enables the measurement of baseline calcium levels and fast calcium transients in neurons, allowing for a better understanding of neuronal activity and signaling.
5148h agoHigh doses of radiation cause hearing loss by damaging the cochlea, with mice exposed to 24 and 32 Gy experiencing progressive hearing loss, hair cell damage, and changes to ribbon synapses and spiral ganglion neurons.
5148h agoDifferent types of cells in the habenula contribute to distinct depressive-like behaviors through unique transcriptional profiles and cellular circuits.
5152h agoSchizophrenia risk is linked to changes in placental cell development, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and shows distinct patterns in male and female cells.
5156h agoGlobal conflict in the environment suppresses Pavlovian avoidance and enhances goal-directed behaviour, especially in individuals with high anxiety.
5156h agoMice habituated to physical restraint inside and outside an fMRI environment show changes in stress levels, but head motion and brain connectivity remain stable during scanning.
5156h agoMicroglia fail to regulate excitatory synapses in a negative feedback mechanism in brains with diffuse midline glioma, leading to an imbalance in neural networks that increases neuronal excitability.
5156h agoListeners process human and AI voices through different neurological mechanisms, with prosodic cues influencing these processes in distinct ways.
5156h agoThe visual system of a fly transforms photoreceptor inputs into diverse perceptual representations through a multi-layered architecture with distinct pathways that extract and integrate visual features.
5156h agoALS/PDC is a CTE-like tauopathy with tau seeds found in brain and spinal cord that shows an aggregate incorporation pattern similar to chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
5156h agoBrain language processing uses predictive inference, and a new machine learning framework decodes neural responses to visual language stimuli in Deaf signers, identifying key neural features that differentiate normal from disrupted language input.
5168h agoSelecting outcomes that provide the most information about the world model structure allows for efficient learning under a set of possible models or hypotheses.
5168h agoComputational neuroscience models can now be tuned in real-time to adapt to new environments or larger networks, mimicking biological cells' ability to continuously adjust their parameters through homeostatic plasticity.
5168h agoMost EEG foundation models adopt a sequence-based modeling scheme with transformer-based backbones and reconstruction of masked temporal EEG sequences for self-supervision, but their evaluations are often heterogeneous and limited.
5168h agoA state-of-the-art method stabilizes brain networks modelled from EEG data, suppressing seizure activity in 34 out of 35 episodes from patients.
5168h agoThe lectures introduce graduate students to epidemic models using material from the 2025 Summer school at Fundação Getulio Vargas.
5168h agoA bio-inspired 3D flocking algorithm enables drone swarms to exhibit collective motion, transitioning between swarming and schooling behaviors through simple local interactions.
5168h agoThe Nijhoff-Quispel-Capel equation can be formulated in different ways, including a new perspective based on eigenfunctions of a Lax pair of the lattice modified Korteweg de Vries equation.
5168h agoA new operator-theoretic framework generates a strongly unstable flow that captures the global growth of zero density in the Riemann zeta function, producing eigenvalue statistics similar to those of the nontrivial zeros.
5168h agoA novel active matter model with tunable alignment angles shows distinct collective behavior, including the formation of anti-parallel bands, due to frustration in many-body interactions.
5168h agoDiscrete bright matter-wave solitons with attractive interaction exist in an optical lattice and their characteristics depend on lattice depths and spacings.
5168h agoConservation laws are computed for nonlinear partial differential equations that arise in elasticity and acoustics using a scaling homogeneity approach and the multiplier method.
5168h agoAn analytical framework calculates key observables in a strongly disordered discrete time crystal without fitting parameters, showing quantitative agreement with numerical simulations for localization, spin-glass orders, entanglement, and oscillations.
5168h agoOrganic mixed conductors exhibit unique dynamics that involve the coupling of electronic, ionic, and mass transport, and can be described as a lattice gas with a first-order phase transition that explains the formation of distinct low- and high-density carrier phases.
5168h agoInter-defect interaction has a greater impact on the properties of acceptor-doped wide-gap perovskites than inter-vacancy correlations, affecting defect thermodynamics, local structure, and oxidation.
5168h agoA charged particle diffuses in a magnetic field with stochastic fluctuations, and its motion transitions from confinement to exponential acceleration depending on the mean magnetic field and fluctuation statistics.
5168h agoSolving partial differential equations using annealing-based approach involves transforming the problem into a generalized eigenvalue problem that can be solved through iterative optimization.
5168h agoThe human body has a stable brain-body dynamic that shows slow, spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity, autonomic physiology, and movement, and this dynamic is mainly influenced by sensory inputs and bottom-up feedback.
5168h agoChildhood adversity affects the development of brain connections in stress-sensitive areas, and these changes can protect against or increase the risk of mental health problems.
5168h agoThe brain implements coherence during language comprehension through two distinct neural processes: slow contextual integration in default-mode network hubs and rapid event-driven reconfiguration in primary auditory and language association cortex.
5172h agoSpin glasses freeze collectively in a structurally disordered state and show slow, history-dependent dynamics due to their rugged free-energy landscape, which is shaped by microscopic ingredients such as quenched randomness, frustration, and competing exchange interactions.
5172h agoExpressing certain receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells alters their properties and bidirectionally regulates their differentiation into myelinating cells.
5176h agoMultiple neuromodulators exhibit synchronized infraslow cortical oscillations during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
5176h agoThe rat grimace scale scores increase in disease models associated with persistent pain and decrease with analgesic drug treatment.
5180h agoThe neural mechanisms of willed attention control involve the activation of the dorsal attention network and a frontoparietal decision network, which helps decide where to focus attention without external instructions.
5180h agoWnt signaling shapes the fate of NG2 glia after brain injury, influencing their proliferation, differentiation, and ability to transform into other cell types, including astrocyte-like cells and neuron-like cells.
5180h agoA unifying computational framework explains how the optimism heuristic influences behavior across different contexts, revealing interactions between optimism, reward processing, and decision-making strategies.
5180h agoAmyloid-beta disrupts the timing of peripheral clocks, such as those in the hippocampus, but not the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), leading to a possible decoupling of peripheral oscillators from the central timing system.
5180h agoNumerical variability affects network-derived outcomes in functional MRI studies, with measurable influences on graph measures of functional connectivity.
5180h agoCognitive disorganization impairs the ability to infer relational structure from visual input, but not from linguistic descriptions, leading to disrupted spatial sensitivity and reward generalization.
5180h agoA framework using pseudo-CT methods provides a way to accurately correct for attenuation in PET scans, enabling the use of MRI without directly measuring photon attenuation.
5180h agoPD-L1 blockade clears senescent microglia, which drives chronic neuroinflammation in aging and Alzheimer's disease, and promotes disease modification by increasing homeostatic microglia.
5180h agoPATZ1 induces nucleosome eviction at regeneration-associated gene loci, which leads to chromatin remodeling and helps to overcome epigenetic barriers to CNS regeneration.
5180h agoPerceived discrimination in childhood is linked to changes in brain connections, particularly in children who experience traumatic events, and this may increase the risk of future mental health problems.
5180h agoHigh-resolution diffusion MRI scans of the macaque brain are achieved using a 10.5 Tesla scanner, producing data with resolutions of 750 microns in vivo and 400 microns ex vivo.
5180h agoThe formation of protein-rich aggregates is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, and researchers have found compounds that reduce the uptake of these aggregates in cells.
5180h agoPsychedelic science is rapidly growing but faces challenges including a lack of understanding of its history, accomplishments, and pharmacology, which must be addressed for responsible advancement.
5188h agoPeople's brain activity, speech, and movement are coordinated and interact with each other, with rhythmic interactions between gait and speech being stronger during speaking than listening.
5188h agoHumans process concrete words more similarly across languages than abstract words in their brains, and the similarity of brain activity for concrete and abstract concepts is similar across languages.
5188h agoRepeated exposure to polyphonic music changes how the brain processes the relationship between a melody and accompanying sounds, making the melody less prominent and the lower voices more prominent.
5188h agoLoss-of-function mutations in GRIN2A lead to brain-wide translation dysregulation, affecting neurons, interneurons, and non-neuronal cells, and potentially causing schizophrenia.
5188h agoThe combination of stress and social isolation regulates cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) differently in male and female mice, with Cdk5 changes seen only in males, while female mice show less immobility and more exploratory behavior under all conditions.
5188h agoEarly life adversity strengthens a brain pathway that increases threat responses and avoidance behavior in adolescence, potentially contributing to psychiatric vulnerability.
5188h agoImmune activation affects the relationship between dopamine levels and anhedonia in youth with depression, such that lower dopamine availability is linked to greater anhedonia when immune activation is high.
5188h agoScientists develop a method to generate spinal interneurons from human embryonic stem cells that closely match their natural counterparts in the human spinal cord.
5188h agoRestoring TCF4 in juvenile mice with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome largely fails to correct most symptoms, except for a measure of cognitive function, revealing a narrow early window for effective treatment.
5188h agoReal-time fMRI neurofeedback training helps people gain control over the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, reducing anxiety by enhancing this regulatory circuit.
5188h agoMunc13 protein plays a crucial role in evoked dopamine release from the somata and dendrites of midbrain dopamine neurons, similar to its role in axonal dopamine release.
5188h agoEmotional expressions can be reliably decoded from facial and vocal signals in multiple brain regions, and a shared neural code for facial and vocal emotions is implemented in several key areas.
5188h agoParvalbumin-expressing interneurons play a layer-dependent role in shaping orientation tuning in the primate primary visual cortex, implementing linear gain control in granular layers and tuned nonlinear suppression in extra-granular layers.
5188h agoRetinoic acid signaling helps specify the prefrontal cortex in the brain through a regulatory network that includes the MEIS2 gene, which is crucial for establishing and maintaining the identity of prefrontal and motor cortical areas.
5188h agoCertain pathogenic bacteria in the larval gut change the way adults recognize bacterial signals, and this effect is caused by uracil produced by the bacteria, which acts through specific molecules and cells in the larval gut.
5188h agoThe posterior parietal cortex sends mainly movement information to the motor cortex, and does not pass on its specialized visual information that helps with specific tasks.
5188h agoBrain network mapping identifies fifteen subnetworks in subcortical regions that form four large-scale brain networks with distinct and overlapping spatial configurations.
5188h agoMyelination plays a crucial role in supporting cortical circuit dynamics that drive skilled movement by maintaining efficient neuronal activity and synchrony, and myelin loss impairs motor output by causing inhibitory axonal propagation failures.
5188h agoSelf-motion plays a key role in organizing the geometry of learned cognitive maps, allowing them to remain stable even when sensory cues are weak or conflicting.
5192h agoA new framework using Deep Learning algorithms and transcranial electrical stimulation can classify EEG brain responses and provide a reliable measure of brain state, achieving 92% accuracy in testing on new participants.
5192h agoThe brain implements coherence during language comprehension through two dissociable neural regimes: slow contextual integration and rapid event-driven reconfiguration.
5192h agoAnimals use past experiences to adapt future behavior by re-coding sensory inputs in neural structures, and plasticity within these structures plays a crucial role in associative learning.
5192h agoThe brain's network structure limits its ability to process information, and this limitation can be overcome by interacting with the outside world through behavior.
5192h agoThis note clarifies aspects of geometric lifts and Stäckel lift raised in a previous comment.
5192h agoThe growth rate of Out-of-Time-Ordered Commutators (OTOCs) in quantum chaotic systems can be described by a universal function that depends on the number of degrees of freedom and temperature.
5192h agoThe study identifies 18 distinct conserved quantities in the Lorenz system, organized into three classes, that provide independent constraints on trajectory history and exhibit class-dependent dynamical signatures.
5192h agoNon-reciprocal adaptive couplings in generalized Kuramoto models induce metastability of anti-phase synchronized clusters of oscillators, which is characterized by metastable switching and driven by individual oscillators changing their cluster affiliation.
5192h agoThe squared-eigenfunctions-based perturbation theory correctly predicts the slow-time evolution of dark soliton parameters and the radiation shelf emerging on the sides of the soliton.
5192h agoThe shape and size of an elliptical Janus particle determine its motion on a water surface, which is driven by Marangoni forces caused by a surface tension gradient.
5192h agoThe random Hermitian matrix model with an external source has a limiting local statistics of eigenvalues around 0 that follows a new kernel built from the Boussinesq equation in certain critical regimes.
5192h agoBreathers on an elliptic wave background are nonlinear superpositions of a soliton and a periodic wave that interact periodically, and two families of breathers with bright and dark profiles are constructed for the defocusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.
5192h agoCell differentiation plays a fundamental role in morphogenesis by helping to reproducibly create complex body shapes through the segregation of moving and stationary cells.
5192h agoA generalized simulated bifurcation algorithm achieves almost 100% success probabilities for some large-scale combinatorial optimization problems by harnessing the edge of chaos.
5192h agoA time-crystalline phase emerges in a single-band holographic superconductor when incorporating nonlinear gauge-scalar coupling and external driving.
5192h agoSpin glasses freeze collectively in a structurally disordered state and show slow, history-dependent dynamics due to a rugged free-energy landscape caused by quenched randomness, frustration, and competing exchange interactions.
5192h agoThe upper and lower bounds for effective conductivity in two-dimensional three- and four-phase composites are universal and possess key algebraic properties, and they agree with previous numerical calculations and exact results.
5192h agoSpin squeezed entanglement can be generated in a two-dimensional randomly diluted lattice of quantum dipoles, but only survives with increasing disorder near the Heisenberg point.
5192h agoMeasurements at generic angles preserve logical quantum information, either by keeping the topological order robust for weak measurements or by transferring the information to a classical shadow for projective measurements.
5192h agoPower-law interactions in physical systems produce different dynamics in information scrambling compared to nearest-neighbor interactions.
5192h agoThe study investigates how high-energy processes affect sound quanta in simple liquids at low temperatures, and finds that the liquids have emergent non-interacting elementary excitations with phonon-like dispersion relations and additional excitations with gapped dispersion relations.
5192h agoThe complexity of predicting local properties of a solution from local information, called "local hardness", varies depending on the model and is connected to global critical threshold instabilities.
5192h agoGlauber dynamics outperforms traditional approaches in solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems by using stochastic fluctuations to find better solutions.
5192h agoNon-Hermitian off-diagonal disordered optical lattices show unusual transport behavior, including jumps between distant lattice regions, and unconventional localization properties.
5192h agoMachine learning models for predicting electronic structure can achieve accurate results with much smaller datasets than previously thought, challenging the need for extensive datasets.
5192h agoRetinotopic organization in the primary visual cortex determines the topological structure of neural population activity in response to moving stimuli.
5192h agoHearing aid users show similar ability to focus on a target speaker in noisy environments as people with typical hearing, but cochlear implant users have difficulty separating the target speaker from background noise.
5192h agoLabile zinc ions are stored in and released from specific excitatory synapses in the central nervous system, and this release differs between excitatory and inhibitory synapses across hippocampal regions during seizures.
5192h agoAttending to one component of a rapidly alternating stimulus changes its perceived appearance, making it seem physically present for a greater proportion of time.
5196h agoMechanical threat triggers a coupled response in the heart and behavior, with specific dopaminergic neurons in the brain regulating cardiac deceleration and modulating behavior in response to threat.
5196h agoMonocular deprivation during a critical period reorganizes local excitatory synapses on specific inhibitory neurons and strengthens inhibitory transmission, leading to changes in visual responses.
5196h agoRetinal sheet transplants restore not only basic visual responses but also higher-order cortical mechanisms involving extra-classical surround suppression in rats with degenerated retinas.
5196h agoThe mouse superior colliculus inherits an organized code for motion and edges from the retina and transforms it into a broad coverage of directions and orientations at every visual location.
5200h agoCombining tirzepatide and leptin leads to stronger effects on weight loss and metabolic health in obesity management.
5200h agoHuman pluripotent stem cells can be used to create a model of the blood-brain barrier that develops mature functional properties and has high barrier impermeability.
5200h agoTianeptine causes a disinhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells by reducing inhibitory synaptic transmission, which leads to changes in hippocampal network activity.
5200h agoVitreous hyperreflective foci (VHRFs) appear as early as 6 hours after optic nerve injury and indicate early inflammation that leads to retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
5200h agoA low-rank tensor decomposition framework for cross-bispectral EEG data expresses the bispectrum as a product of a spatial mixing matrix and a compact source-interaction tensor, yielding an interpretable representation of dominant coupling components.
5200h agoExisting bifactor models of psychopathology do not strengthen the relationship between brain features and psychiatric symptoms, and improving the depth of symptom assessment may provide more substantial gains.
5200h agoNon-phosphorylatable -synuclein directly causes Parkinson's disease-like symptoms and brain abnormalities in mice.
5200h agoSarm1 drives synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease brains by mediating synaptic damage and triggering neuroinflammation, and its deletion can reverse synapse loss, amyloid burden, and cognitive decline.
5200h agoPFL1 neurons in the fruit fly's brain transform a world-centric reference frame to a body-centric one by combining head direction input with allocentric vectors, facilitating navigation to a goal.
5200h agoeIF3d modulates nociceptive plasticity under stress conditions and selectively regulates inflammatory and central pain sensitization.
5200h agoThe Data-driven Importance MEtric (DIME) helps accurately localize the seizure onset zone in epilepsy patients, improving surgical treatment outcomes with increased datasets.
5200h agoAdolescents who use cannabis show altered neurocognitive trajectories, with a slight initial cognitive advantage that diminishes over time, affecting domains such as memory, processing speed, and inhibitory control.
5200h agoA Bayesian nonparametric method identifies distinct oscillatory states in brain activity data while determining the number of states directly from the data.
5200h agoCyfip2 plays a critical role in assembling visual sensorimotor circuits by regulating actin dynamics during a specific window of development, and its disruption leads to severe deficits in visually-driven behaviors such as prey capture and responses to light and darkness.
5200h agoPesticide exposure causes Parkinson-like symptoms in mice, but these symptoms and the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells are reversed within 12 months after exposure stops.
5200h agoIncentives change voluntary movement by engaging distinct brain circuits, with an open-loop circuit from the ventral putamen routing affective signals to the motor cortex and being differentially activated depending on the type of incentive.
5200h agoAuditory rhythms enhance visual task performance by improving detection accuracy and response speed, even in non-rhythmic tasks, with the strongest effect at 2 Hz that varies with individual motor tempo.
5200h agoDiverse exposure to faces helps people and computers recognize faces from different groups equally well, and leads to a more integrated and generalizable representation of faces.
5200h agoDetecting inconsistencies between physical objects and digital information through hybrid brain-computer interfaces is feasible, with a 70% accuracy rate in distinguishing between congruent and incongruent information.
5200h agoFAAH inhibition protects against memory deficits and reduces stress responses in the body, with the effect being stronger in males and associated with different hormone levels in males and females.
5200h agoTheta-band transcranial temporal interference stimulation enhances neural sensitivity to unfavorable food outcomes in individuals with food addiction.
5200h agoCo-transplanting specific types of cells with dopamine-producing neurons increases their development, maturation, and function, leading to improved potential for treating Parkinson's disease.
5204h agoThe brain's motor cortex has a more complex structure for goal-directed movements like reaching than for routine movements like walking.
5204h agoDANT, a new framework, enables accurate tracking of single neurons across days in long-term recordings by correcting for changes in spike waveforms and neural responses.
5204h agoOLM interneurons dynamically regulate behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity and stabilize hippocampal representations during learning.
5204h agoThe binocular field emerges through the coordinated alignment of multiple developmental processes across levels of organization, including shifts in orbital and ocular orientations, sharpening of retinal ganglion cell distributions, and maturation of ipsilateral projections.
5208h agoScientists propose an alternative approach to studying the brain by questioning the traditional focus on brain areas and instead suggest using neuroanatomy and electrophysiology.
5212h agoChanges in axon initial segment length in the prefrontal cortex accompany fear learning and extinction, and are a key feature of neuronal adaptation and memory formation.
5212h agoAlpha-synuclein aggregates form in dopaminergic neurons when treated with preformed fibrils, a process that depends on endogenous alpha-synuclein levels and can be measured using an automated seeding assay.
5212h agoCombining transcranial direct current stimulation with closed-loop acoustic stimulation during slow-wave sleep improves overnight retention on declarative memory tasks and changes sleep-related neural oscillations.
5212h agoIncreased levels of a specific histone modification, H3K4me3, in the hippocampus of aged mice blunt the normal response to learning stimuli, but treatment with the LSD1 inhibitor ORY-1001 restores normal learning and memory.
5212h agoHuman cortical organoids transplanted into rodent brains mature and show increasing neuronal activity and synchronicity over time.
5212h agoMitochondrial dysfunction changes neuronal development and function in bipolar disorder, producing different effects depending on whether there is a family history of mitochondrial disease.
5212h agoSinging and speaking rely on different brain mechanisms, with singing using a bilaterally coordinated pathway in the sensorimotor cortex and speaking relying on a left-dominant activation.
5212h agoThe brains of older people show better structural connectivity in certain areas and have neuroprotective features that help them cope with ageing.
5212h agoAmyloid-beta accumulation disrupts working-memory systems, especially in regions of the default mode network, and affects how well older adults perform memory tasks.
5212h agoDecreased expression of certain genes associated with energy metabolism in brain cells leads to changes in energy metabolites in schizophrenia.
5212h agoWhite matter tracts are positioned in the cortical hierarchy to support specific cognitive functions, connecting regions with diverse biological characteristics and cognitive abilities.
5212h agoAdjacent regions in the prefrontal cortex, including those involved in social processing and working memory, show distinct functional specializations and are embedded in parallel distributed networks.
5212h agoMental rotation may play no role in children's behavior until they are 5 years old, as a simple object recognition strategy can replicate results from common mental rotation tasks given to young children.
5216h agoMEGState, a novel architecture, decodes phonemes from MEG signals by capturing fine-grained cortical responses, and consistently outperforms baseline models in tests on the LibriBrain dataset.
5216h agoThe misalignment of superintelligence stems from a lack of understanding of the human subject and the unconscious dimensions that are embedded in both human and machine intelligence.
5216h agoMeasuring neural responses to sudden inputs can tell if heavy-tailed correlations in neural activity are generated within a neural circuit or driven by unobserved external factors.
5216h agoCoord2Region, an open-source Python package, streamlines neuroimaging workflows by mapping 3D brain coordinates to anatomical regions and linking them to meta-analytic resources and literature.
5216h agoQuantum models successfully simulate human conscious reporting of seeing or missing competing stimuli, revealing a non-linear pattern that mirrors human responses in attentional blink tasks.
5216h agoUnsupervised generative models develop a number sense that scales with encoding capacity, and this ability follows a power law, allowing models to extract numerosity and generalize to new images.
5216h agoRecursive Metric Contraction resolves the flat manifold problem in continual learning systems by using topological deformation to collapse metric tensors, allowing long trajectories to be embedded into bounded volumes and preventing catastrophic interference.
5216h agoA new framework called DFORM aligns the dynamics of different models, enabling comparison of their underlying mechanisms and identification of key patterns, even when the models have different coordinate systems.
5216h agoHolographic endoscopy with a novel composite fibre probe enables high-contrast imaging of deep brain structures by selectively rejecting out-of-focus light, improving resolution and contrast of fine structural connectivity and intracellular signalling.
5216h agoEmotions and fairness play a key role in socioeconomic decisions, with economic fairness dominating the acceptance of monetary offers, while emotions have a minimal effect on decision-making.
5216h agoA data-driven, deep learning-based approach called SimSort enables accurate identification and separation of electrical signals from individual neurons recorded by brain electrodes.
5216h agoDisorder, rather than efficiency, may play a dominant role in the evolution of natural languages, with language change stemming from disordered interactions between syntactic parameters.
5216h agoIntegrated Information Theory (IIT) proposes that consciousness is fundamental to existence and that an entity's cause-effect structure explains all properties of an experience.
5216h agoA unified framework for heat kernel smoothing on simplicial complexes extends signal processing to higher-order relationships in networks, smoothing signals on cycles and higher-dimensional structures while preserving topological features.
5216h agoCorText, a new framework, enables open-ended natural language interaction with brain data by integrating neural activity into a large language model, generating accurate image captions and answering detailed questions.
5216h agoA method to isolate language components disentangles lexicon, syntax, meaning, and reasoning from large language models, allowing researchers to identify a unique neural signature for reasoning.
5216h agoEntropy-Optimal Manifold Clustering (EOMC) mitigates cost scaling and robustness issues of existing dimensionality reduction tools, and reveals that the Lorenz-96 dynamical system's dynamics is a metastable regime-switching process with infrequent transitions between three-dimensional attractive manifolds.
5216h agoThis thesis reviews Lyapunov exponents and covariant Lyapunov vectors to investigate dynamics of autonomous Hamiltonian systems, and applies these to study the Hénon-Heiles system and DNA sequences.
5216h agoInstabilities in the Gross-Neveu equation under linear and harmonic potentials are caused by non-conservation of energy and charge, but solitons are numerically stable except for low-frequency solitons in harmonic potentials.
5216h agoDiscrete Painlev\'e equations are associated with generalized Halphen surfaces and have a symmetry of the Weyl group $W(E_8^{(1)})$, with a system of commuting maps corresponding to translational elements of this group.
5216h agoThe three-component defocusing Kundu-Eckhaus equation yields vector dark soliton solutions, breather solutions, and Y-shaped breather solutions that arise from coupling effects between different components.
5216h agoThe curvature atlas reveals that Liouville integrability in the heavy top corresponds to degenerate curvature signatures, and a geometric condition for integrability is established.
5216h agoThe variable coefficient coupled HI mKdV system has shifted nonlocal reductions that lead to an autonomous integrable model under certain coefficient restrictions.
5216h agoThe group reduction procedure applied to vector generalizations of certain equations results in ODE systems that are multicomponent generalizations of Painlev\'e equations.
5216h agoA ring of phase oscillators with pure three-body interactions hosts a multitude of stable frequency-locked states without phase coherence, and introducing frequency heterogeneity drives a transition from a locked state to a desynchronous state.
5216h agoThe perturbed Duffing system's chaotic dynamics change as the external force amplitude increases, with the chaotic invariant set persisting but losing attractivity, and the topological entropy decreasing.
5216h agoThe analysis of the second harmonic generation equation under phase-matching conditions yields a family of soliton solutions and characterizes breather interactions through the Riemann-Hilbert approach.
5216h agoNon-reciprocal interactions emerge from internal topology alone, producing chiral waves, persistent vorticity, and irreversible state transitions in agents evolving on an internal context manifold.
5216h agoA Dirac spectral programming framework enables the design of programmable topological cluster synchronization patterns in directed hypergraphs.
5216h agoThe spontaneous symmetry breaking machine (SSBM) can explore a single extremely stable state for combinatorial optimization problems, as verified through experiments and numerical simulations.
5216h agoA 2D Ising network model explains universal statistical properties in financial markets, such as sharp peaks in returns, distributions with heavy tails, and zero autocorrelation, through the formation and evolution of spin clusters.
5216h agoThe study of a fluxonium under a pulsed field shows that its quantum properties converge to a quantum strange attractor, similar to the classical one, with eigenstates that are localized at strong or moderate dissipation and delocalized at weak dissipation.
5216h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert problem for oper connections on a twice-punctured Riemann sphere is solved in terms of a single non-linear integral equation.
5216h agoThe Vicsek model with realistic constraints forms different network structures, including Erdos-Renyi and Barabasi-Albert networks, and its synchronization is governed by the average degree of the interaction network.
5216h agoSelf-propelled particles with local conformity interaction move in opposite directions in a novel bidirectionally ordered phase.
5216h agoChimera states emerge in non-reciprocal higher-order structures, called m-directed hypergraphs, due to directionality, and they appear over a broader parameter range than in corresponding network cases.
5216h agoA frustration parameter introduced into the Vicsek-Kuramoto systems of self-propelled particles drives a transition to a resting hexagonal lattice with spatiotemporal patterns when the frustration exceeds a critical point.
5216h agoThe universe's history shows a continuous chain of structure formation from the Big Bang to human societies and artificial learning systems through phase transitions and emergent attractors.
5216h agoChaotic dynamics derived from Dirichlet L-functions exhibit profound chaos, unpredictability, and instability, and may have applications in engineering and control systems.
5216h agoThe variational free energy principle provides a mathematical approach to modelling coupled systems by representing the relationships between system components as generative models.
5216h agoMigration can help clear antimicrobial resistance in microbial communities, especially at slow but non-zero migration rates, when environmental conditions fluctuate and vary over time.
5216h agoEcho state networks, adapted through transfer learning, accurately predict changes in long-term statistical patterns of the generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and improve prediction length of individual trajectories.
5216h agoThe reconstruction map for semiclassical bulk operators in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity ensures the spectrum of the fundamental quantum theory matches known results, and predicts non-monotonic wormhole length with suppressed fluctuations.
5216h agoThe nonlinear dynamics of a multimode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser in free-running operation involve competition between modes with different profiles and polarization, leading to additional bifurcations and routes to chaos.
5216h agoOverdamped polar chiral active matter can support emergent Euler turbulence due to a statistical mechanical foundation that links its agent dynamics to the overdamped Langevin equation for disordered Josephson junctions.
5216h agoThe Krylov subspace expansion method reveals that local integrals of motion in disordered systems exhibit power-law decay in the localized phase and delocalization in the metallic phase.
5216h agoThe distribution function of resonance widths in a disordered medium can be represented by an integral, which works for systems of any symmetry and type of coupling, and yields explicit expressions for disordered metallic grains that match numerical simulations.
5216h agoThe quasiperiodic one-dimensional helical chain exhibits three localization regimes: a completely extended phase, a completely localized phase, and a mixed domain where localized and extended states coexist.
5216h agoTuning magnetic fluxes, hopping strengths, or quasiperiodic potential amplitudes controls the critical disorder threshold for switching between conductive and insulating states in a helical tight-binding lattice.
5216h agoA dimerized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain with quasiperiodic on-site energies exhibits reentrant behavior, localizing, then partially re-delocalizing into a multifractal regime, and re-localizing as the quasiperiodic amplitude increases.
5216h agoTree tensor networks effectively capture two-dimensional entanglement patterns and achieve more accurate results than matrix product states in simulating dynamics of the disordered spin-$\frac12$ Heisenberg model.
5216h agoMeasuring neural responses to sudden inputs can tell if heavy-tailed correlations in neural activity are generated within a neural circuit or driven by unobserved external factors.
5216h agoA configuration-space framework predicts and explains the positions and origins of energy gaps in quasicrystalline potentials, showing that a hierarchy of gaps stems from resonant hybridization between neighboring sites.
5216h agoNoisy monitored quantum circuits connect quantum many-body physics, quantum information, and quantum computation, and research reveals their entanglement structure, information-protection capabilities, and noise-induced phase transitions through mapping to classical statistical models.
5216h agoThe energy landscape of granular models near the jamming transition is hierarchical and ultrametric, with a scale-free distribution of energy barriers between local energy minima.
5216h agoThe Nishimori multicritical point of the 2D random-bond Ising model has two conformal boundary fixed points that correspond to free and fixed boundaries.
5216h agoProgrammable superconducting flux qubit D-Wave quantum annealers can approximate the partition function of Ising models with comparable result quality to standard classical Monte Carlo methods.
5216h agoThe study of the $\pm J$ SK model for small system sizes up to $N=9$ reveals that the hierarchic organization of ground states and higher energy local minima starts to appear in some samples for system sizes as small as 6.
5216h agoDisordered quantum magnets offer efficient ways to calculate low energy states and quantum correlations, and a study of the random transverse-field Ising model finds that the shape of a subsystem affects its corner contribution to quantum entanglement in different ways for different universality classes.
5216h agoStochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) noise is inherently anti-correlated over time during epoch-based training, which reduces weight variance and loss fluctuations, particularly in relatively flat directions of the loss landscape.
5216h agoA simple protocol using random SWAP tests achieves the same fidelity as the optimal Schur transform in purifying multiple noisy copies of an unknown pure quantum state.
5216h agoThe eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) arises from entropy, Hilbert-space geometry, and chaos-induced eigenstate typicality, which together explain thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems.
5216h agoA two-state framework uses a density-matrix representation to model the coarse-grained behavior of a driven Duffing oscillator, capturing inter-well switching with a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad generator.
5220h agoQuantum mechanics has advanced computing technologies, but challenges and opportunities remain.
5220h agoQuantum machine learning faces major obstacles to enhancing learning and inference with quantum resources, but potential pathways toward practical applications are outlined.
5220h agoDeep learning is integrated into first-principles electronic structure calculations to improve accuracy and efficiency, and to extend these methods to larger scales and complexity.
5220h agoCo-designing algorithms, error-correction schemes, and hardware architecture can reduce resource overheads in quantum error correction for scalable quantum computing.
5220h agoMachine learning interatomic potentials are emerging as tools that combine quantum accuracy with classical efficiency, bridging the gap between quantum mechanics and classical methods.
5220h agoActivating dopaminergic input to AII amacrine cells in mice suppresses pathological eye movements and improves signal fidelity of retinal ganglion cells, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for infantile nystagmus.
5220h agoHyperthermia triggers seizures in a mouse model of focal cortical dysplasia, a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, and chemogenetic inhibition of excitatory neurons within the dysplasia raises the threshold for these seizures.
5220h agoHuman basal ganglia astrocytes segregate into three anatomical subgroups with distinct functions, and their specialization aligns with different microcircuits and neurotransmitter transporters.
5220h agoAgeing changes the way people think and control their movements, causing older adults to have impaired gait initiation due to altered belief updating.
5220h agoBinge drinking causes brain-region specific changes in serotonin signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex and central nucleus of the amygdala, affecting how the brain processes rewards and aversions.
5220h agoMice can be trained to detect visual stimuli at specific locations with improved speed, accuracy, and sensitivity in just 17 days, showing characteristics of spatial attention.
5220h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure damages retinal development by disrupting endothelial NMDA receptors, leading to abnormal blood vessel formation and neuron positioning.
5220h agoThe thalamus drives global and pathological neuronal hypersynchrony early on in generalized seizures, with rhythmic and synchronized activity emerging in both thalamus and cortex.
5220h agoTranscranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) to specific brain areas enhances cognitive performance in monkeys by improving memory-sequencing under stable and unstable contexts.
5220h agoThe study finds that a protein called TMEM106B helps cause TDP-43 aggregation in brain cells, and that damage to lysosomes in the cells also contributes to this aggregation and loss of function.
5220h agoSynaptic populations in the brain are organized in a hierarchical structure along the anterior-posterior axis, with different regions having distinct synaptic population shapes that change dynamically over the lifespan.
5220h agoA single cortical impact in mice changes the number and molecular composition of excitatory synapses across 222 brain regions through a remodelling process that mirrors responses to genetic mutation, ageing, sleep deprivation, and experience.
5220h agoRab27b knockout increases alpha-synuclein pathology, including proteinase-K resistant and phosphorylated forms, in brain regions of mice with overexpressed alpha-synuclein.
5220h agoExcitatory subpopulations in the primary auditory cortex process sounds differently in background noise, with superficial neurons remaining noise-dependent and deep-layer pathways, particularly L5 IT neurons, carrying noise-invariant representations.
5220h agoIschemic stroke disrupts the normal organization of the sleep-wake cycle, affecting the coordination of sleep-related processes across different scales in the brain.
5220h agoNeuromuscular decline with ageing differs between sexes, with females showing a steeper decline in motor neuron function between middle and old age than males.
5224h agoMicroglial IL-1{beta} drives early inflammatory injury after stroke and has region-specific effects on neurogenic niches.
5224h agoMaterial recognition depends on active exploration, with people using movements of their head and hands to gather information and accurately identify materials, especially when their appearance is ambiguous.
5224h agoShock wave exposure causes long-term neuronal functional decline, structural deterioration, and premature neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans, leading to accelerated age-dependent decline in movement and touch sensitivity.
5224h agoThe study generates spatial proteomic atlases of the human and mouse retina, comparing protein expression and identifying disparities with transcript data, and revealing insights into retinal cell populations and outer limiting membrane structure.
5224h agoSpaced training improves generalization in both biological and artificial intelligence by promoting integration of input and innate variations.
5224h agoIncongruent trials elicit steeper spectral slopes, indicating increased inhibition, in frontal and central regions, and aperiodic 1/f EEG activity tracks both immediate conflict resolution and cognitive adjustments.
5224h agoYoung adults with more active movement profiles have better circadian rhythms integrity, which is linked to earlier circadian phase and positively associated with physical activity timing, but not light exposure.
5224h agoDelivering telomerase to the brain after traumatic injury reduces inflammation and helps restore normal cell function.
5228h agoThe reproduction of bioimage analysis results from a published article was limited by a lack of detail in the methodological approach, but replication of qualitative aspects was achieved through collaboration and adherence to bioimage analysis standards.
5228h agoIncreased connectivity in amygdala circuitry after a concussion, which normalizes over time, may be protective or compensatory, and athletes with higher heart rate variability acutely post-injury tend to have better outcomes.
5228h agoPsilocybin combined with compassion imagery has a long-term synergetic effect on psychological changes, including increased cognitive absorption, self-compassion, and decentering, and reshapes the functional organization of large-scale brain networks.
5228h agoLong-term divergence exponents measure gait complexity and automaticity, not stability, with lower values indicating a shift from automatic to controlled walking.
5228h agoHumans perceive complete objects despite partial occlusion by integrating low and high-level cues, whereas current AI models rely primarily on low-level pattern continuation and lack the flexible integration of multiple representational levels.
5228h agoSyt7 protein is required for activity-dependent facilitation of synchronous neurotransmitter release, but not for facilitation of asynchronous release, allowing synapses to control different parts of neurotransmission separately.
5228h agoLarge-scale spatial navigation training improves both large- and small-scale spatial abilities through distinct neural mechanisms.
5228h agoType III collagen regulates astrocyte behavior and positioning by activating a specific receptor, and blocking this receptor leads to a smaller scar, improved neuronal regeneration, and better motor recovery.
5232h agoPsilocybin has different effects on social behavior in male and female mice, influencing their preference for social novelty and familiar conspecifics through sex-specific mechanisms involving dopamine signalling and serotonin receptors.
5232h agoImpaired Eif5a hypusination disrupts axonal translation and neuronal activity in FUS-ALS, and targeting it with spermidine supplementation improves ALS model phenotypes.
5236h agoThe extracellular matrix of the developing brain stabilizes new synapses, and a microglial metalloprotease digests the matrix to increase their plasticity.
5236h agoHomer1a modifies attention by enhancing inhibitory tone and neural signal in the prefrontal cortex during development.
5236h agoA two-layered regulatory framework controls the generation of diverse neurons by a limited population of radial glial progenitors, with global temporal regulators and a temporal network of transcriptional factor hub groups modulating the process.
5236h agoClimbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells convey instructive signals that are dynamically shaped by learning on multiple timescales, with movement-related and reward-related signals changing across slow and fast learning periods.
5236h agoLRRK2 mutations have a modest effect on neuroinflammation, mainly affecting a small number of genes in microglia, while many brain cells respond strongly to inflammatory insults.
5236h agoVisual input elicits diverse calcium signals in the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons, acting as a calcium sink or source depending on cell type, location, and stimulus.
5236h agoLoss of signalling from touch receptors causes degeneration of certain neurons in the spinal cord, leading to increased itch and pain sensitivity in aging.
5236h agoSpinal circuits shape motor neuron behavior during muscle contractions by using recurrent inhibition, which decreases with contraction intensity in most muscles but increases in the vastus lateralis and medialis.
5236h agoFluctuations in ephaptic influences of mesoscale electric fields contribute to changes in cortical oscillatory power, which correlates with brain function and disease.
5236h agoNeural activity in the brain follows stable patterns of sequences where neurons fire in a specific order, and these sequences are shared across different parts of the brain.
5236h agoCortical networks switch between amplifying and suppressing sensory signals, depending on the strength of the stimulus.
5236h agoThe brain uses different neural mechanisms to process momentary emotions, like facial expressions, and sustained emotions, like mood states, with distinct neural computational architectures for each.
5236h agoArousal level, as measured by brain activity, is a major factor that explains differences in how brain networks function and connect in individuals.
5236h agoBilingual individuals with aphasia show similar patterns of language impairment across their two languages, with more errors in their non-dominant language and similar error structures.
5236h agoBrain signals can decode a wide range of facial expressions and capture subtle differences between them, reflecting the dimensions of valence and arousal.
5236h agoHigher early signal energy is associated with slightly reduced P300 amplitude, possibly reflecting resource competition, refractory effects, or state-dependent processing.
5236h agoThe brain's neural activity shows that a wide network of areas helps form internal decisions by accumulating evidence, and even visual cortex represents high-level beliefs about rules guiding actions.
5236h agoDifferences in graph-based priors explain individual differences in human solutions to novel reasoning problems, and a framework combining Graph Theory and Graph Neural Networks helps identify these priors.
5240h agoNeuronal cultures exhibit bursts or avalanches of activity that are scale invariant and synchronized, and a new model of excitatory and inhibitory oscillators can reproduce these dynamics.
5240h agoAccurate interception of moving objects requires the nervous system to predict future motion, and using internal models of physical dynamics and extended predictive horizons can enhance this ability.
5240h agoBrain connectivity in the temporal and parietal regions helps distinguish between different mental states during working memory tasks, and illumination affects this connectivity.
5240h agoBitbox, an open-source toolkit, enables behavioral scientists and clinical researchers to easily use advanced computational analysis to measure human behavior from video, providing standardized and interpretable behavioral measurements.
5240h agoA two-state framework embeds the coarse-grained statistics of a driven Duffing oscillator into a density-matrix representation, modeling inter-well switching with a GKSL generator and allowing for diagnostics of the Markov assumption.
5240h agoNonlinear skin breathing modes emerge in a one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon chain with asymmetric couplings, and their frequency shifts depend on amplitude, nonlinearity type, lattice size, and nonreciprocity.
5240h agoResearchers construct integrable Hamiltonian systems with Poisson commuting integrals that are quadratic in the momenta, allowing for non-diagonalisable tensors and Jordan blocks.
5240h agoA simple sixth-order method is presented for solving stiff problems in numerical simulations, which uses Newton-Raphson iteration to provide straightforward Lawson integration.
5240h agoAgents interacting locally on a plane form various patterns, including rotating clusters, traveling orientation waves, and globally synchronized rotational motion.
5240h agoA framework for enlarging the construction of $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded classical Toda theory uses $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded Lie superalgebras to derive a $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-graded extension of the super-Liouville equation.
5240h agoExact WKB analysis helps to study second-order Schrödinger-type differential equations and recent developments apply it to Painlevé equations to compute monodromy and analyze the resurgent structure of functions.
5240h agoA conservative stochastic lattice dynamics system driven out of equilibrium by a spatially varying temperature field exhibits robust convection patterns featuring regularly spaced stripe structures instead of low-temperature long-range order.
5240h agoThe algorithm finds asymmetries in information flow across wavenumbers in a weakly turbulent system, reflecting forward and inverse cascades, and provides quantitative insight into the multi-wave mixing dynamics.
5240h agoThe parametrically driven, damped nonlinear Dirac equation has two exact stationary solutions, one of which is always unstable, while the other is stable if dissipation is sufficiently large.
5240h agoInvariant tori in integrable Hamiltonian systems can be parameterized by their fundamental frequencies, which can be extracted using an invariant-flow formulation that treats invariants as generators of commuting Hamiltonian flows.
5240h agoMultivariate joint recurrence quantification analysis allows analyzing coupling properties between datasets with different numbers of variables and data types.
5240h agoThe length scales associated with amorphous order and dynamic heterogeneity in a model glass-forming liquid grow with waiting time, with the static length increasing logarithmically and the dynamic length following a power-law growth.
5240h agoA $\phi^{4}$ quantum field theory model accurately reproduces higher-order statistics of financial time series, such as market kurtosis, and can be used to forecast stock price changes.
5240h agoNeuronal cultures exhibit bursts or avalanches of activity that are scale invariant and synchronized, and a new model of excitatory and inhibitory oscillators can reproduce these dynamics.
5240h agoThe one-step replica-symmetry-breaking approximate message passing algorithm improves the reconstruction of sparse signals by minimizing the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty.
5240h agoNonlinear skin breathing modes emerge in a one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon chain with asymmetric couplings, and their frequency shifts depend on amplitude, nonlinearity type, lattice size, and nonreciprocity.
5240h agoEarthquake energy distributions in Southern California and Japan follow a scale-invariant pattern with an exponent of 1.67, indicating fault dynamics driven by a balance between slow energy accumulation and release through scale-free events.
5240h agoLocal rearrangements in amorphous solids can switch reversibly between two configurations under oscillatory shear, and their timescales span at least a decade with no apparent upper bound.
5240h agoNeural quantum states using the time-dependent variational principle with explicit time integration are prone to numerical breakdown when simulating strongly driven quantum dynamics, even when physical observables appear normal.
5240h agoInterference effects cause a transient backscattering peak to appear offset from the exact backscattering direction in the dynamics of a spin 1/2 particle propagating in a disordered potential with spin-orbit coupling.
5240h agoDeePTB-NEGF, a deep learning-based framework, accurately and efficiently simulates quantum transport behavior in 2D materials, achieving orders-of-magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to conventional methods.
5240h agoMusicians learn motor sequences faster and develop predictive motor control quicker than non-musicians, and their skills are less disrupted by sensory interference during consolidation.
5240h agoHealthy aging involves adaptive reconfiguration of neural systems, which preserves semantic proficiency despite broader cognitive changes.
5248h agoStriatal cholinergic interneurons stimulate dopamine release in the dorsal striatum through two distinct pathways: an ultra-fast, monosynaptic mode and a slower, polysynaptic mode.
5248h agoActivation of nicotinic receptors depolarizes dopamine axons, increases their excitability, and can lead to bursts of action potentials followed by a period of refractoriness.
5248h agoThe cortico-cerebellar network and basal ganglia interact to efficiently learn new motor skills by learning low-dimensional action embeddings and using reinforcement learning to learn value and policies in this space.
5248h agoSerum lactate changes affect cerebral blood flow, lactate exchange, and pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in the brain, with increased lactate altering perfusion and metabolism.
5264h agoMemory retrieval starts with abstract conceptual reconstruction and then proceeds to the reinstatement of perceptual details, through communication between the prefrontal and sensory areas.
5268h agoOpenStride, an open-source force plate actometry system, tracks rodent motor and behavioural activity at a low cost of $550 USD, enabling high-throughput study of motor and behavioural function and dysfunction.
5268h agoDGAT1-dependent lipid droplet formation modulates microglial inflammatory signaling by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
5280h agoDissociated embryonic hippocampal cells can self-organize into 3D networks that generate brain cell assemblies and dynamics similar to those found in a living brain, even without sensory input.
5284h agoThe neural circuitry regulating aggression shows marked sex differences in Syrian hamsters, with different brain regions activated in males and females during aggressive encounters.
5288h agoBRD1 regulates neurodevelopmental timing and synaptic maturation, and its partial deficiency disrupts early neuronal programming, leading to accelerated maturation, altered neurodevelopment, and abnormal neuronal activity.
5288h agoSalient sensory stimuli evoke two sequential stages of neural activation: a phasic sensorimotor response followed by sustained salience network activity.
5288h agoThe human brain has distinct networks for different areas of knowledge, including language, mathematics, and social reasoning, that work in the same way for both written and spoken information.
5288h agoMyelin maintenance is critical for preserving neuron adaptability, homeostasis, and glutamate sensitivity, and adult myelination supports the life-long accumulation of stable spines in basal but not apical dendritic compartments.
5288h agoThe brain dynamically changes the direction of information flow between sensory and executive areas depending on perceptual difficulty, with a top-down signal from the prefrontal cortex to sensory areas when stimuli are ambiguous.
5288h agoDeep learning-based automated infarct volume measurement shows excellent agreement with manual assessment by experienced clinicians in predicting clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
5288h agoEarly life stress leads to mental disorders, and genetic differences affect how trauma impacts adult mental health; C57BL/6 mouse substrains show differences in fear memory and processing from as early as 16 days post birth.
5288h agoThe open-source system measures the auditory brainstem response in mice with high-quality and low-noise recordings, allowing users to detect changes in auditory sensitivity and customize it for different applications.
5288h agoThe hemodynamic response function (HRF) varies with both anatomical location and pathology in the epileptic brain.
5288h agoExplainable machine learning enables the enhancement of magnetoencephalography (MEG) spatial resolution through fusion with blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) data, resulting in more detailed brain activity maps.
5288h agoLoss of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor in dopamine receptor 2-expressing cells leads to decreased neuron survival, reduced dopamine levels, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors in mice.
5288h agoMacroeconomic conditions, such as changes in gasoline prices, are linked to differences in the intrinsic organization of brain networks in a population of healthy young adults.
5288h agoMemory errors are reconstructions that are biased towards or away from non-reported items, and this bias is a natural result of the brain separating overlapping memory signals.
5288h agoThe subunit composition of AMPARs, specifically GluA1-3, forms subtype-specific assemblies, including di-heterotetrameric GluA1/2 and GluA2/3, but not GluA1/3, on the cell membrane.
5288h agoPPAR{delta} activation shifts microglia towards a protective state by reducing inflammation, boosting phagocytic genes, and suppressing detrimental functions.
5288h agoMitophagy levels decrease with age in both neurons and astrocytes, but astrocytes consistently have higher mitophagy levels than neurons, and increasing NAD+ levels improves mitophagy in old-aged mice.
5288h agoMuller glia use matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 to integrate with neurons and shape their structure in the retina.
5288h agoEye fixations during memory retrieval predict both successful recall and the precision of the retrieved memory, and are closely tied to the fidelity of the recalled memory content.
5288h agoA new EMG foundation model for neural decoding consistently outperforms subject-optimized models in predicting motor behaviour from neural activity patterns, achieving better results for both familiar and unfamiliar subjects and tasks.
5288h agoTemporal Lobe Epilepsy disrupts spatial memory by causing specific deficits in different subfields of the hippocampus, including reduced place cell coherence in CA1 and CA3, and instability in dentate gyrus place fields.
5288h agoMetabolic connectivity and covariance can be measured using different analytical approaches, and CompCor and Euclidean distance perform best at high temporal resolutions while polynomial and spatio-temporal filters are more robust at lower sampling rates.
5288h agoMecp2-deficient cortical networks develop more slowly, have decreased functional connectivity, and show altered network features that lead to reduced efficiency and information-sharing capacity.
5288h agoThe aperiodic exponent of intracranial EEG local field potentials serves as a neurophysiological marker of depression symptom severity, differentiating depressive symptom status and scaling with severity in fronto-limbic and insular circuits.
5288h agoTREM2 gene variants lead to reduced TREM2 expression and changes in brain tissue associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
5300h agoThe habenula's medial and lateral subdivisions both contain mu opioid receptors, with a higher density of receptors found in the medial subdivision in both rats and mice.
5304h agoCold-tolerance and a specific biochemical pathway in worms help regulate memory retention by delaying forgetting of olfactory memories.
5308h agoAnimals adapt to warm environments by speeding up their internal clocks through the Lim1 pathway in the brain, which leads to accelerated circadian clock activity and earlier morning activity.
5308h agoPsychedelics make brain stimulation cause longer-lasting changes in brain activity, which could lead to new treatments that reduce relapse rates.
5308h agoAgRP neurons play a crucial role in maintaining body temperature during fasting and restricted feeding, and their lesion leads to lethality due to hypothermia.
5308h agoSimulated biophysical models of neurons and neuronal networks serve as crucial accelerators for developing and testing machine learning models to control in vitro neural networks.
5308h agoBeta activity in the subthalamic nucleus is present in less than half of Parkinson's disease patients, making it unreliable to guide deep brain stimulation lead implantation and programming on its own.
5308h agoStronger connections between brain areas for language are linked to increased volume in parts of the cerebellum and motor cortex and smaller areas in other parts of the brain.
5308h agoVaccination reduces or prevents the shedding of prions in feces and urine, which could help break the transmission cycle of chronic wasting disease.
5308h agoNociceptors, activated by inflammatory signals, play a role in tissue repair by reducing pain and promoting bone and cartilage repair in osteoarthritis.
5308h agoPost-stroke apraxia of speech is linked to distinct neural substrates for prosodic and phonetic aspects of speech motor coordination, specifically in dorsal and ventral sensorimotor cortex for prosody and ventral Rolandic cortex and arcuate fasciculus for phonetics.
5308h agoThe human brain forms implicit memories for recurring sound patterns, and brain areas involved in perception and memory show increased activity when these patterns repeat.
5308h agoCortical traveling waves and spike-timing-dependent plasticity work together to create a temporary network that supports long-term working memory.
5312h agoThe brain's network of cells cannot produce the present moment on its own, and this limitation forces it to rely on outside interactions to process information over time.
5312h agoA new framework enables decoding speech from brain activity using large amounts of data from week-long recordings, allowing a contrastive learning model to substantially outperform models trained on limited data.
5312h agoHumans can create new goals on the fly using a process that can be explained by a higher-order objective function that originates from within themselves.
5312h agoSPLICE, a neural network-based method, infers disentangled representations of shared and private latent variables from paired high-dimensional data, capturing nonlinear relationships and preserving geometric information.
5312h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations, and derives governing equations that describe complex systems in physics and neuroscience.
5312h agoSpatial Spiking Neural Networks (SpSNNs) reduce computational cost and memory usage while maintaining accuracy by learning neuron positions in a finite-dimensional space, from which synaptic delays emerge.
5312h agoInvariant tori in integrable Hamiltonian systems can be parameterized by fundamental frequencies obtained from time-of-flight parameters along commuting Hamiltonian flows.
5312h agoThis study proposes a framework to assess synchronization and local stability in fractional-order complex-valued bidirectional associative memory neural networks, and finds that the designed controller guarantees global synchronization and stability.
5312h agoThe transport of orbits in strongly chaotic dynamical systems has three stages, and the time interval for making finite-time predictions increases exponentially with more precise observations of the orbits' positions.
5312h agoHigher-order interactions emerge from time-delayed pairwise coupling in Kuramoto oscillators, and this can effectively explain collective synchronization behaviors.
5312h agoCompeting mean-field and quantum fluctuation interactions in ultracold quantum droplets lead to a richer bifurcation structure, including unusual events and novel stability transitions, than in traditional nonlinear Schrodinger systems.
5312h agoThe universe's history shows a continuous chain of structure formation from the Big Bang to human societies and artificial learning systems through a series of phase transitions and emergent attractors.
5312h agoThe curvature-based program identifies classical integrable heavy-top cases as specific degenerate curvature signatures, and formulates a classification theorem describing their relation to integrability.
5312h agoInertia and time delay in regular rotor networks induce multistability among synchronized states, destabilize these states, and give rise to complex dynamics, including turbulent chimera states and patterns similar to partial epileptic seizures.
5312h agoCompletely reducible circuits provide a framework for exactly solvable dynamics in non-integrable models of quantum many-body chaos, where the entanglement membrane and operator growth can be analytically characterized.
5312h agoCorrelations reshape the morphology of rogue-waves in quantum systems, resulting in a reduced peak amplitude, wider core, and coherence losses in the formation of the quantum Peregrine soliton.
5312h agoSynthetic active particles made of bouncing droplets exhibit chaotic dynamics with alternating active and dormant phases, and their movement changes when the driving amplitude is increased.
5312h agoMicrobial colonies can expand rapidly in quiescent fluids through a self-amplifying physical process driven by buoyancy-generated convection, which disperses cells and enhances metabolic activity.
5312h agoThe radial harmonic oscillator problem with position-dependent mass can be solved using a point canonical transformation, and its extensions can be expressed in terms of $X_m$-Jacobi exceptional orthogonal polynomials.
5312h agoEarth's relief shows self-affine properties, with different fractal scaling behaviors for different geometric features, and the roughness of the surface is characterized by varying Hurst exponents.
5312h agoA new geometric framework analyzes spatio-temporal data from complex systems, enabling dimensionality reduction, mode decomposition, phase-space reconstruction, and attractor characterisation.
5312h agoOverdamped polar chiral active matter supports emergent Euler turbulence, and its agent dynamics is formally isomorphic to the overdamped Langevin equation for disordered Josephson junctions.
5312h agoTwin-wire laser directed energy deposition using a liquid bridge transition mode delivers stable and uniform mixing, reducing dimensional fluctuations by 85% and enhancing compositional homogeneity.
5312h agoThe modified Camassa-Holm equation with cubic nonlinearity has smooth solitary wave solutions that are orbitally stable under certain conditions.
5312h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations, and derives governing equations that describe complex systems in physics and neuroscience.
5312h agoOptimizing the connectivity of a reservoir computer improves its performance and interpretability by decoupling its dynamics into independent modes and selecting an optimal connectivity based on a set of eigenvalues.
5312h agoHyperuniformity in networks leads to more efficient transport and greater robustness compared to networks generated by random point patterns.
5312h agoAn initial minority of +1 nodes can drive a system to global agreement on +1 in synchronous majority dynamics on large random graphs with degree 4 or higher.
5312h agoThe soft committee machine with Rectified Linear Unit activation learns in a way that its generalization error decreases smoothly with dataset size when the teacher and student networks have similar dimensions.
5312h agoThe 3-SAT problem's solution corresponds to finding the ground state of a disordered Ising spin Hamiltonian with third-order interactions.
5312h agoA hybrid quantum network and protocol enables high-fidelity entanglement at a continental or global scale, outperforming ground- and satellite-based designs.
5312h agoAdding more entanglement to a network with non-pure states may decrease the resulting fidelity in noncooperative LOCC protocols.
5312h agoParisi--Sourlas supersymmetric models undergo dimensional reduction, which can be explained and proven through different methods, including Q-exactness, supersymmetric localization, and deformation of the action by a Q-exact term.
5312h agoA scheme using a linear potential in atomic detuning is proposed to realize disorder-free discrete time crystals in a periodically driven Rydberg atom array.
5312h agoA neural network framework predicts the background geometry, dilaton potential, and chiral symmetry breaking scalar potential of holographic QCD from unflavored meson mass spectra.
5312h agoRecent advances in metallic glasses focus on novel experimental techniques and computer models that improve understanding of their mechanical properties, highlighting the crucial role of short-range and medium-range order.
5312h agoHyperuniformity in networks leads to more efficient transport and greater robustness compared to networks generated by random point patterns.
5312h agoA new numerical method allows exploration of nonequilibrium electron dynamics in complex systems, enabling findings that disorder can enhance absorption in graphene and suggesting potential for sensing applications.
5312h agoOperator localisation remains stable against generic perturbations in random Floquet-Clifford circuits, exhibiting disjoint sectors and emergent local integrals of motion.
5312h agoPeople with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have slower and more idiosyncratic patterns of segmenting natural scenes into perceptual parts, and this difference is reflected in their brain activity and eye movement.
5312h agoThe brain's ability to switch between different network states depends on the variability of glucose metabolism, and this ability is linked to better cognitive performance.
5312h agoMicrotubule retrograde flow slowdown is a central mechanism that enables the development of distinct microtubule arrays in axons and dendrites of neurons.
5312h agoBipolar disorder shows altered structure-function coupling across brain regions, with stronger coupling in limbic and attention networks and weaker coupling in sensorimotor, executive, and salience regions.
5312h agoDistinct talker features improve syllable recall performance and reduce the impact of interruptions, but irrelevant talker discontinuities harm attention buildup and reduce syllable recall performance.
5312h agoCompetitive interactions between visual stimuli in the midbrain superior colliculus follow different rules depending on whether the stimuli are close to or far from the center of the receptive field.
5312h agoPhase diversity improves the quality of retinal images by correcting residual aberrations that remain even with adaptive optics imaging.
5312h agoThe oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol drives neurodegeneration by linking microglial activation and cholesterol metabolism through a STING-IFN-CH25H lipid axis, leading to tau pathology and toxicity.
5312h agoPeople with genetic risk variants for Alzheimer's disease spend less time in brain areas responsible for key functions than those without the risk variants.
5312h agoSlc38a1, a glutamine transporter, is essential for normal neurodevelopment and influences neuronal morphology and cell viability by supplying glutamine to cells in the neurogenic niches.
5316h agoGliomas spread in the brain by changing the brain environment, including increasing Connexin43 protein, which allows tumor cells to infiltrate surrounding tissue.
5316h agoRats' brains show synchronized neural activity in the hippocampus and cortex as they learn to adapt to changing reward patterns, with theta and gamma oscillations coordinating neural spikes and guiding strategy shifts.
5316h agoDepression is characterized by a failure of neural adaptation to repetitive stimuli, marked by neural rigidity and progressive regulatory depletion, which differs from conventional views of the disorder as an initial abnormal response to a stimulus.
5316h agoThe piriform cortex responds to visual and auditory objects, even in people born without a sense of smell, and its organization appears to be based on tasks rather than sensory modalities.
5316h agoSynGFN produces diverse, high-quality molecules that can be readily synthesized in the laboratory by integrating synthesis constraints into the chemical design process.
5320h agoA broken global recycling infrastructure hinders data-center operators from recycling retired hardware.
5320h agoMotor unit recruitment in the human first dorsal interosseous muscle changes depending on the task, with different muscles activated differently when performing distinct functions.
5324h agoParkinson's disease is linked to disordered brain circuits, and a new framework integrating multiple imaging types identifies stable patient clusters and shows that lower integrity in certain brain pathways relates to higher motor burden and lower global cognition.
5324h agoTCR repertoire-based models can diagnose idiopathic Parkinson's disease when patients are stratified into subtypes based on their immune profiles.
5324h agoLonger intervals between visual stimuli and shorter stimulus durations lead to more reliable neural representations of spatial location, while varying these parameters affects the fidelity of neural representations through inter-item interference.
5324h agoDistal DNA 'switches' control gene activity in human astrocytes by linking enhancers to genes, and this process is related to Alzheimer's disease.
5328h agoTemperature and lithium regulate the rate of forgetting in Caenorhabditis elegans.
5328h agoThe APOE4 isoform increases Alzheimer's disease risk by disrupting lipid homeostasis and A{beta} clearance, but treatment with the HDL-mimetic peptide 4F enhances APOE secretion and lipidation, mitigating APOE4-associated dysfunction.
5328h agoStress and negative emotions lead to more hallucinations and stronger prior beliefs in people with psychosis, especially when they are under stress.
5336h agoProbabilistic representations do not emerge in task-optimized neural networks, which instead rely on heuristic input recoding, according to a novel information bottleneck framework.
5336h agoThe study presents a low-cost method for acquiring and analyzing electrogastrogram data using an OpenBCI Ganglion amplifier and a processing pipeline that reduces data attrition and researcher bias.
5336h agoEveryday human-computer interactions can encode mental health with state-of-the-art biomarker precision using a machine-learning framework called MAILA.
5336h agoNeural networks with multiple discrete attractors have stable fixed points below a critical load that depends on neural activity statistics and single-neuron activation function.
5336h agoThere exists a first integral obtained by two successive integrations from one-forms with coefficients in a finite algebraic extension of the rational function field for complex rational vector fields in dimension n>2 that admit a Liouvillian first integral.
5336h agoA BiHom-type skew-symmetric bracket on $\mathfrak{gl}(V)$ forms a BiHom-Lie algebra and its application to the Toda lattice results in a deformed flow that can be transformed into a Toda-type Lax equation.
5336h agoState-space systems can learn the long-term statistical behaviour of a dynamic process with high accuracy if the process is structurally stable and has a mixing or attracting measure.
5336h agoOscillatory neuromorphic networks with tunable couplings learn and recall patterns through ongoing analog dynamics, forming attractor states that can adapt to changing inputs.
5336h agoThe integrability of multitime Landau-Zener models guarantees their exact solvability and these models can be represented by data defined on an N-vertex graph.
5336h agoThe study finds that the energy and enstrophy dissipation rates and attractor dimension depend on the regularity of the forcing, existing in three distinct regimes.
5336h agoA two-parameter expression describes the crossover between Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and Poisson statistics in many-body complex systems, revealing a Many-Body Localization transition in disordered spin chains.
5336h agoStable 3D nonlinear modes, called vortex "bullets", exist in pulsed beams carrying orbital angular momentum and can self-trap in a 2D waveguiding structure.
5336h agoA three-dimensional complex polynomial vector field with a Liouvillian first integral always has a first integral that is the product of a rational 1-form and a Darboux function, or has a Darboux Jacobi multiplier.
5336h agoInvariants for a projective transformation group are established up to order seven and used to construct nonlinear evolution equations, identifying symmetry-integrable equations, including a fully-nonlinear third-order equation.
5336h agoA new double sine-Gordon model allows for stable multi-kinks with internal structure made of multiple localized energy packets.
5336h agoInformation scrambling occurs in an open quantum system modeled by Ising spin chains coupled to baths, and it spreads ballistically, forming light cones in certain conditions.
5336h agoTwo approaches to pinning control, additive and parametric, are equivalent for controlling synchronization in weakly coupled nonlinear systems that exhibit periodic oscillations.
5336h agoA two-parameter expression describes the crossover between Gaussian orthogonal ensemble and Poisson statistics in many-body complex systems, revealing a Many-Body Localization transition in disordered spin chains.
5336h agoHysterons, models of interacting elements, can be understood in two simple limits: when their span dominates other scales, their behavior is limited, and when their span is small, they behave like interacting binary spins.
5336h agoThe quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation simulations in one and two dimensions show that the interface scaling properties at depinning transition match the Directed Percolation Depinning universality class.
5336h agoPhotonics-based positional embeddings improve graph convolutional networks' performance by providing global structural information, outperforming baseline models on molecular datasets.
5336h agoNeural networks with multiple discrete attractors have stable fixed points below a critical load that depends on neural activity statistics and single-neuron activation function.
5336h agoDisordered kinetic glass models from statistical physics can be used as toy models for autoregressive sequence generation and can be solved exactly when the state space dimension is large.
5336h agoNickelate superconductors show inhomogeneous superconducting states under pressure, with mechanisms suppressing and enhancing superconductivity linked to local stress environment and stoichiometric composition.
5336h agoBAG3 protein in astrocytes helps regulate the uptake and processing of tau protein, and its depletion impairs these functions, potentially contributing to Alzheimer's disease.
5336h agoMitochondria in CA2 neurons have distinct morphological and functional differences compared to CA1 neurons, with larger mitochondria and higher calcium levels in CA2 dendrites, especially in distal dendrites that receive input from the entorhinal cortex.
5336h agoCaveolin-1 in caveolae restricts platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling to maintain quiescence and proper lineage differentiation of neural stem cells through lysosomal degradation.
5336h agoResidual photoreceptors in a degenerate retina can substantially influence responses evoked by subretinal prostheses, affecting perceptual uniformity in patients.
5336h agoThe brain's language areas show increased activity as phrases get longer, with verb phrases triggering more activity than noun phrases, and different regions responding differently to word sequences.
5336h agoAging affects the connection between brain activity and bodily processes, and patterns of brain activity associated with heart rate and breathing changes can predict age.
5336h agoSocial isolation affects empathy by disrupting a specific brain pathway, causing changes in brain cells and a particular receptor, which can be reversed by activating certain brain cells.
5336h agoA concept-driven framework builds inherently interpretable Graph Neural Networks that predict brain functional connectivity from structural connectivity while providing neuroscientific insights.
5336h agoVariability in training environments affects how perceptual learning transfers to new situations, and high variability training allows for greater transfer to new locations.
5336h agoStronger connections between two areas of the motor cortex enhance communication between them, particularly in certain frequency bands, while the direction of the connection affects this communication.
5336h agoHigh-frequency spinal cord stimulation (hSCS) modulates gamma activity in a region- and time-dependent manner through specific coupling with theta rhythms, reorganizing cortical cross-frequency interactions and supporting its role in processing sensory information and pain experience.
5336h agoThe gut microbiome is disrupted in a genetic model of dystonia, with changes in microbial diversity and community composition that coincide with motor impairment and link to neuronal vulnerability.
5336h agoIL-17A alone does not disrupt fetal brain cortical architecture, suggesting that the maternal microbiome plays a crucial role in the impact of prenatal inflammation on brain development.
5336h agoAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) starts with changes in skeletal muscle gene expression, particularly in insulin signaling, energy production, and fat metabolism, years before symptoms appear.
5336h agoImplicit adaptation to movement errors changes motor awareness, but it does not consistently affect confidence in judgments of reach outcomes.
5336h agoThe endothelial glycocalyx has a key role in regulating cerebrovascular function and shows new structural and dynamical features, including enrichment at endothelial junctions and arteriolar branch points, vesicular transport, and compositional variations along the arteriovenous axis.
5336h agoAutism-like behaviors are linked to disrupted gut bacteria and polyamine metabolism, and altering gut bacteria with a specific probiotic can improve behavioral deficits.
5336h agoUnpredictable chronic stress does not alter social behavior in adult zebrafish, but it does induce anxiety-like behavior.
5336h agoMole-rats' brain physiology requires higher carbon dioxide concentrations for recovery after surgery and they have unique neural mechanisms, including single units responsive to auditory and visual stimuli and prominent theta rhythms at low frequencies.
5336h agoAnesthesia triggers a burst of activity in dopaminergic neurons, which leads to the release of dopamine and causes forgetting by inducing amnesia.
5336h agoA new framework based on alpha spindle dynamics accurately classifies anesthesia phases with over 80 percent accuracy and predicts anesthetic drug overdosage up to 90 seconds in advance.
5340h agoThe brain's resting state networks drive the pulsatility of neurofluids in the awake state, and this driving pattern changes to a causally chained pattern during NREM sleep.
5340h agoThe auditory system uses reverberation to enhance sensitivity to rapid temporal changes, a phenomenon called echo-facilitated temporal sensitivity, which improves neural representations of temporal structure and change detection.
5340h agoA new statistical model, SpotDMix, accurately assigns detected mRNA transcripts to individual cells in densely packed tissues by modeling transcript distributions that match cell shapes.
5348h agoThe Alzheimer's disease-associated protein tau protects against herpes simplex virus 1 as a natural part of the brain's innate immune system.
5356h agoMyelin depolarizes during neuronal activity and plays an active role in supporting high precision axonal firing by facilitating potassium removal.
5356h agoA supramodal temporal filtering mechanism with modality-specific dynamics shapes the processing of aversive stimulation, affecting both pain and sound perception.
5356h agoDisinhibition drives memory consolidation by generating replay and ripples in the brain, allowing memories to be transferred from the hippocampus to the cortex.
5356h agoNeurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla combine fast responses to stimuli with slower, rhythmic processes to control pain sensitivity and internal state.
5356h agoReverberation makes distractions more disruptive to listening, especially for the sound immediately following the distraction.
5356h agoPeople with a rare perceptual disorder called prosopometamorphopsia see faces that are distorted and change in unusual ways.
5356h agoNeuRoDev, a computational resource, provides a reference framework to investigate neuronal and glial development in the human cortex through highly curated transcriptomic data and analytical tools.
5356h agoThe brain's language network processes verbal and nonverbal information differently, with the right hemisphere responding more strongly to nonverbal materials and the left hemisphere handling verbal information.
5356h agoA network of 11 functionally distinct cortical regions supports active navigation in the real world by transforming perceptual inputs through decision-making processes to produce action outputs.
5356h agoThe SAGA complex's deubiquitinase module plays a key role in regulating the molecular circadian clock by influencing the timing and stability of core clock proteins and transcripts.
5356h agoNeuromodulation-like gating in a biophysically motivated associative memory network dramatically enhances associative memory capacity and eliminates catastrophic breakdown.
5360h agoA real-time framework based on alpha spindle dynamics extracted from EEG recordings accurately classifies anesthesia phases and predicts anesthetic drug overdosage up to 90 seconds in advance with 96 percent accuracy.
5360h agoTranscranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) allows for focal non-invasive electrical deep brain stimulation, overcoming the limitations of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
5360h agoPROTON, a graph transformer, generates testable hypotheses that link genetic risk loci to disease mechanisms and predicts treatments for neurological diseases, including Parkinson's, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's.
5360h agoAudio-based deep learning models can play a crucial role in bridging technology-oriented deep learning systems and explanation-oriented linguistic theories.
5360h agoA novel co-simulation framework that integrates microscopic and macroscopic models enables researchers to study brain function across multiple levels, allowing for the investigation of seizure onset and propagation.
5360h agoSymmetry-Loss, a brain-inspired algorithmic principle, enforces invariance and equivariance through a differentiable constraint to model learning as the iterative refinement of an effective symmetry group.
5360h agoThe novel variant of the Blaszak-Szum lattice equation has multiple solutions, including one-soliton and two-soliton solutions, multi-lump solutions, rational solutions, lump solutions, breather solutions, and three-periodic wave solutions.
5360h agoA geometric atlas of dynamical regimes on the rotation group SU(2) combines geodesic flows, heavy rigid body dynamics, and Euler-Poisson equations to provide a unified viewpoint on classical integrable cases and identify a pure-precession family in the inertia ratio (2,2,1).
5360h agoA quantum information-inspired framework analyzes complex systems through multivariate time series by encoding the system's state into a density matrix, enabling precise quantification of influence, response to perturbations, and recovery timescale.
5360h agoLiquid drops covered by reacting surfactants show a variety of complex motility modes, including shuttling, bipedal, and chaotic motion, due to competing length scales.
5360h agoA hierarchy of integrable equations is constructed, which includes extensions of the Liouville, sinh-Gordon, cosh-Gordon, and mKdV equations, and has conserved charges with nontrivial grading.
5360h agoTwo theorems prove that polynomial vector fields connected to differentiation of hyperelliptic functions commute and annul certain polynomials.
5360h agoMatrix Lax representations of differential-difference equations can be simplified and connected by gauge transformations and discrete Miura-type transformations, allowing the construction of new integrable equations.
5360h agoEquitability of interactions between dynamical units is necessary and sufficient for cluster synchronisation to occur in a general dynamical system with multiplex or higher-order interactions.
5360h agoThe N-spin Floquet model with infinite-range Ising interactions shows signs of quantum integrability for specific parameter values, with the model's entanglement dynamics and eigensystem exhibiting periodic and degenerate properties.
5360h agoCongested roads in urban networks do not recover spontaneously, but are hindered by connected congested roads, leading to multistability and hysteresis in traffic dynamics.
5360h agoTurbulence in the auroral ionosphere extends below 90 km altitude, where it is stabilized by particle collisions, and shows a scale-invariant cascade with a characteristic kinetic Alfvénic scaling that tracks precipitating energy flux.
5360h agoCoordinated self-organisation in granular systems emerges when a small subset of configurations are more stable than the rest and survive longer despite noise.
5360h agoActive biological swarms self-organize into coherent structures from chaotic backgrounds through a process governed by a kinetic Turing instability.
5360h agoSymmetry-Loss, a brain-inspired algorithmic principle, enforces invariance and equivariance through a differentiable constraint to model learning as the iterative refinement of an effective symmetry group.
5360h agoUnsupervised learning with autoencoders can help distinguish between topological and trivial states in Majorana nanowires and identify where their crossover occurs.
5360h agoA machine-learned potential allows creation of B$_2$O$_3$ glass with over 30% boron atoms in boroxol rings, matching experimental estimates when the boroxol fraction reaches 75%.
5360h agoFree probability theory's predictions of correlation functions in complex quantum systems are corrected by a specific order when a single ancilla qubit is coupled to a large quantum circuit.
5360h agoA one-dimensional disordered Bose gas has a phase diagram that includes a low-temperature localized phase and a normal fluid phase at higher temperatures.
5360h agoSimple motile agents can be used to create intelligent systems through emergent collective behavior, similar to swarms of animals in nature.
5360h agoDiscrete time crystals exhibit a robust subharmonic response in periodically driven quantum systems, characterized by a period-doubling response and a long lifetime that grows exponentially with system size.
5360h agoThe analysis of 960 Chess960 starting positions shows that White has a near-universal first-move advantage, and the complexity of openings varies greatly, with some burdening White and others Black.
5360h agoDOMINO, a light-matter computing platform, solves maximum-weight clique problems and reveals hidden correlations in large graphs by using a gain-controlled oscillator array to perform analog optimization.
5360h agoNeural networks' generalization abilities can be understood by developing a theory that predicts their performance on simple input-output distributions, which is crucial for their learning performance on real datasets.
5360h agoThe energy landscapes of jammed soft spheres have smooth basins of attraction with well-defined length scales, not fractal structures as previously claimed.
5360h agoAltermagnetism can emerge in non-crystalline systems, such as amorphous solids, due to spontaneous symmetry breaking in spin and orbital degrees of freedom around each atom.
5360h agoThe quantum Parisi formula is proven for the transverse field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model using an elementary mathematical method.
5360h agoA spin 1/2 particle propagating in two dimensions in a disordered potential shows a transient backscattering peak offset from the exact backscattering direction, coexisting with a coherent backscattering dip due to interference effects.
5360h agoThe quantum inverse problem provides a robust diagnostic tool for characterizing low-dimensional disordered systems, particularly for systems that exhibit metal-insulator transitions.
5360h agoDeePTB-NEGF, a new framework, combines deep learning and quantum transport simulations to accurately and efficiently predict the electronic properties of 2D materials, achieving orders-of-magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to conventional methods.
5360h agoGasdermin E (GSDME) mediates neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease by linking mitochondrial damage to pyroptotic cell death.
5360h agoMetastability is associated with functional connectome fingerprints in naturalistic fMRI, with this relationship varying across time scales, functional networks, and movie content.
5360h agoThe granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus integrates polysensory excitatory and inhibitory inputs from multiple brain regions through distinctive synaptic wiring and specialized chemical signaling.
5360h agoReduced activity of certain brain cells called PV interneurons in the insular cortex contributes to higher impulsivity and increased alcohol consumption in adolescents.
5360h agoInternal sensory signals from the pharynx and gut regulate feeding by connecting to brain regions, motor neurons, and endocrine cells through distinct sensory circuits.
5360h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) enhances cognitive control performance only when target brain circuits are actively engaged during stimulation.
5364h agoRight tVNS decreases Pavlovian response biases in people who have eaten, but not in those who are fasting.
5364h agoPeople use different strategies for navigation, which change and adapt during the process, and the brain's hippocampus plays a group- and strategy-specific role in this process.
5364h agoEscape behavior in flies takes priority over maintenance behaviors like feeding and grooming through a distributed and robust neural mechanism.
5364h agoA new model infers latent variables that organize population activity and determines whether their dynamics are continuous or fragmented in time, revealing distinct population patterns missed by supervised decoding.
5364h agoScientists created a model that accurately predicts the perceptual similarity of smell mixtures, providing a foundation for understanding how smells are represented.
5364h agoA new effect size measure, called overlap area (OA), quantifies the difference between population distributions of experimental and control groups, providing a more reliable estimate of biologically meaningful effects.
5368h agoAccelerated aging occurs in the brain during acute HIV infection, marked by increased expression of cellular senescence marker p16 and neurodegeneration.
5368h agoTranscriptional changes in peripheral blood are linked to Huntington disease, with specific blood cell subtypes showing unique gene expression patterns, and one gene, Irf7, correlates with disease progression in mice.
5368h agoInhibiting the FKBP51 protein with the drug SAFit2 prevents the long-term behavioral and brain changes caused by early life adversity in mice.
5368h agoRepeated stress persistently suppresses a critical node in the courtship circuitry, leading to a lasting change in male Drosophila's courtship behavior.
5368h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex encodes multiple social identities through tuned geometric subspaces in neural population activity, allowing mice to remember individual social identities for up to two weeks.
5368h agoA{beta} low-threshold mechanoreceptors, which mediate discriminative touch, have limited ability to regenerate and reinnervate targets after nerve injury, and they preferentially reinnervate skin rather than muscle pathways.
5368h agoProteostasis network genes are disrupted in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, with 18 genes identified that have rare, damaging variants and are differentially expressed in diseased brains.
5368h agoDifferent behaviors use separate neuronal circuits in the nervous system, even when they use similar sensory cues and muscle groups.
5368h agoTen days of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves executive function in healthy adults, with greater benefits in women and increased autonomic flexibility and arousal.
5368h agoElevated TAF15 levels in neurons trigger oxidative stress, leading to neurotoxicity, gliosis, anxiety, and impaired fear memory, and contribute to neurodegeneration in FTD and ALS.
5368h agoMitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) disruption causes age-dependent fragmentation of mitochondrial cristae, reduced mitochondrial connectivity, and impaired neuronal function, leading to vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease.
5368h agoDiffusion-weighted steady-state free precession sequence provides high-quality diffusivity estimates across the entire brain with negligible geometric distortions in ex-vivo diffusion imaging of the macaque brain.
5372h agoThe MRS4Brain Toolbox enables easy processing and analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data, streamlining data processing and promoting reproducibility in preclinical studies.
5372h agoLarge Language Models can accurately classify and segment mouse behavior in videos, providing a potential solution to accelerate and standardize neuroscience workflows.
5372h agoPrenatal exposure to alcohol disrupts the normal effects of acute alcohol on GABA transmission in the central amygdala of adult offspring in a sex-specific manner.
5372h agoMechanical ventilation combined with certain medications disrupts brain fluid dynamics, leading to impaired brain waste clearance and delirium-like behavior.
5372h agoVoluntary rehabilitation reorganizes spared corticospinal pathways by driving plasticity in specific medullary nuclei, which predicts functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
5372h agoThe Decision-from-Experience Database (DfE-DB) reveals that people's choice tendencies vary substantially across different study designs and are shaped by core features such as feedback type and outcome structure.
5372h agoOdor information is selectively routed through feedforward and feedback pathways in the mouse olfactory cortex, with different neurons encoding odor identity and reward associations at distinct times and maintaining different representations of valence.
5372h agoBiomedical knowledge from over 36 million scientific articles is mapped onto a 3D standardized brain using the semantic meta-analysis platform TVBase, to support neuroimaging pattern interpretation and applications in personalized medicine.
5372h agoPeople have different abilities to imagine past and future experiences, and these individual differences are consistent across various types of imagination, such as vision, audio, taste, and smell, and affect daily life.
5372h agoAuditory learning enabled by a drug called RGFP966 improves the ability to detect sounds in noise by enhancing sound-specific responses and suppressing background noise effects in the auditory cortex.
5372h agoQuantum computers can be used for multi-objective optimization, bringing them closer to practical applications.
5376h agoScouter, a deep learning approach, predicts transcriptional responses to genetic perturbations by combining large language model-based gene embeddings with a neural network.
5376h agoThe AI collaborator SciSciGPT automates workflows for literature understanding, data processing, and visualization to accelerate early-stage idea exploration and improve reproducibility for science of science researchers.
5376h agoPrior knowledge influences brain activity during decision-making by modulating the activities of brain regions involved in choice selection and action generation, but not those involved in stimulus processing.
5376h agoMedial prefrontal cortex and cerebellar input work together to help animals anticipate upcoming events by encoding implicit temporal predictions.
5376h agoThe human and macaque brains have similar but not identical structural connections between areas that process voice information, with differences in organization and lateralization.
5376h agoA unified taxonomy of basal ganglia cell types across species reveals 61 conserved cell types and identifies a new hybrid medium spiny neuron type, providing insights into brain evolution, function, and disease.
5376h agoOpposite fMRI BOLD signal to metabolic activity occurs due to variable oxygen extraction across the human cortex, questioning the common interpretation of fMRI signal as a measure of neuronal activity.
5380h agoThe dorsal anterior insula is involved in the Action-Mode Network and plays a role in cognitive effort and efficiency across a range of tasks.
5380h agoThe inferior frontal sulcus (IFS) is the primary region that filters out attention-grabbing but task-irrelevant stimuli, preserving cognitive resources during tasks performed in distracting environments.
5380h agoThe mature neocortex uses different synaptic structures to specialize the same types of neurons for different functions in various areas.
5380h agoAttentional modulation of sound processing occurs in the cortex, but not in the subcortical structures of the brainstem.
5380h agoReduced rank regression helps find a low-dimensional linear mapping between high-dimensional inputs and outputs, and has been used to identify communication subspaces governing interactions between brain regions.
5384h agoTraining recurrent neuronal networks with additive noise leads to improved working memory performance due to emergent marginally stable equilibria characterized by sparse, non-Hermitian Jacobian matrices shaped by the network's inhibitory core and excitatory periphery motif.
5384h agoA new argument shows that contemporary Large Language Models cannot be considered conscious because their design constraints make a non-trivial theory of consciousness impossible.
5384h agoMacular is a simulation platform that lets users create and test scenarios of the retina and primary visual system without needing to program.
5384h agoA new model of human mental rotation proposes that people compare objects seen from different viewpoints by using a three-part process involving neural encoding, symbolic description, and neural decision-making.
5384h agoPeople with ADHD show subtle changes in brain activity during tasks that require inhibition and processing of emotions, with slightly increased activation in several brain networks.
5384h agoAdjusting the spatial scale for token encoding and masking significantly impacts downstream decoding performance in multiregional neural activity recordings.
5384h agoCross-modal knowledge distillation helps to develop more accurate local field potential models by transferring knowledge from high-performing spike models.
5384h agoA new learning framework enables real-time decoding of neural activity by nonlinearly combining information from multiple modalities with different timescales, distributions, and missing samples.
5384h agoA novel unsupervised learning algorithm accurately models complex neural dynamics by fusing information from multiple neural modalities and tracking regime-dependent changes.
5384h agoLarge Language Models are useless for linguistics because they require a vast amount of data to work, whereas human language is underpinned by a mind-internal system that generates hierarchical thought structures with minimal external input.
5384h agoA new AI-driven approach using Vision Transformers accurately classifies children's engagement in early childhood education, achieving an accuracy of 97.58 percent in detecting behavioral and collaborative engagement states.
5384h agoHuman-computer interactions can accurately encode mental health, and a new machine-learning framework called MAILA can track mental states and identify individuals with mental illness.
5384h agoEmbedding a foveated retinotopic transformation into convolutional neural networks improves image classification accuracy and robustness to scale and rotation, and also enables effective object localization.
5384h agoA state-of-the-art method stabilizes fractional dynamical networks to effectively suppress seizure activity in 34 out of 35 episodes from patients with medically uncontrolled epileptic seizures.
5384h agoPeriodic bathymetry induces perturbations on traveling Boussinesq solitons, which can be described by two perturbation approaches that provide analytic solutions comparable to numerical simulations.
5384h agoThe study finds a novel connection between exact solutions of pendulum equations and obtains several exact solutions for plane, hyperbolic, and inverted pendulums, as well as for sine-Gordon and sine hyperbolic-Gordon equations.
5384h agoA fifth order KdV-type equation has several real and complex parity-time reversal solutions that involve the linear superposition of quadratic functions with Jacobi elliptic functions.
5384h agoThe study of a tank with liquid-electric motor system reveals that delay factors impact the emergence, evolution, and disappearance of regular and chaotic limit sets, and drive a generalized intermittency scenario to chaos.
5384h agoPairs of signals in complex networks contribute to the overall state through both redundant and synergistic interactions, with their joint consideration often necessary to determine the system's state.
5384h agoA reconstruction formula for an $n\times n$ matrix with coefficients depending rationally on $x$ is given, using the characteristic polynomial and a line bundle of degree $g+n-1$.
5384h agoThe balance between surface tension and nonlinear terms of the Euler equation leads to the formation of regular and peaked polygonal rotating patterns in shallow Leidenfrost rings.
5384h agoTraveling wave solutions exist for a class of fourth-order semilinear wave equations, and their spectral stability is characterized by a Vakhitov-Kolokolov type stability criterion.
5384h agoIntracellular protein patterns are governed by mass-conserving reaction-diffusion systems that dynamically redistribute proteins between membrane-bound and cytosolic states.
5384h agoHyperbolic equations of a certain form are classified based on the existence of fifth-order symmetries, resulting in a list of four equations that meet the required conditions.
5384h agoConservation laws are established for several nonlinear partial differential equations in elasticity and acoustics using methods such as scaling homogeneity and the multiplier method.
5384h agoA time-crystalline phase emerges in a single-band holographic superconductor when nonlinear gauge-scalar coupling and external driving are introduced.
5384h agoThe topological tools for classifying phases of nonlinear bosonic resonators have been extended to include limit cycles, providing a unified description of stationary and time-periodic phases.
5384h agoThe Calogero-Painlev\'e systems are Lax integrable, allowing their solutions to be represented using Riemann-Hilbert, which enables rigorous asymptotic analysis of the systems and evaluation of the asymptotic behavior of Tracy-Widom distributions.
5384h agoNonlinear interaction and breaking of internal ocean waves mainly drive interior ocean mixing, affecting ocean carbon storage and global circulation.
5384h agoRobust causality in a photonics dissipative system enables the production of single-sideband behavior, which can be combined to create complex systems that may serve as an alternative computational resource for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
5384h agoHeterogeneity and diffusion in oscillatory media convert degenerate cluster dynamics into robust pattern selection through frequency entrainment and amplitude adaptation.
5384h agoHamiltonian systems that satisfy the Lagrange identity have additional tensor invariants beyond the basic ones existing for all Hamiltonian systems.
5384h agoA contact-geometric framework reveals a continuous parametric transition from periodic waves to localised solitons in the 2D Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation, and shows a first-order statistical phase transition marked by a sharp switch and hysteresis.
5384h agoThe dissipative spectral form factor in the elliptic Ginibre unitary ensemble shows a scaling relationship that connects it to the Ginibre unitary ensemble and the Gaussian unitary ensemble.
5384h agoCoupled phase oscillator networks with invariant tori exhibit synchrony patterns that deform under forced symmetry breaking and can produce new stable synchrony patterns.
5384h agoEntanglement is observed between collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate, which mimics particle production in the early universe and reveals the quantum origin of the excitations.
5384h agoA dimensionless parameter causes the evolution of supersaturation in Ostwald ripening processes to be unstable.
5384h agoThe study of integrable structure in string theory is complex due to the complicated dependence of background fields on superspace coordinates.
5384h agoContact inhibition of proliferation is not the only mechanism that slows cell proliferation, as a non-local network-based inhibition of proliferation also exists.
5384h agoTwo pinning control approaches, additive and parametric, are equivalent for controlling synchronization in weakly coupled nonlinear systems that exhibit periodic oscillations.
5384h agoMaximising social welfare requires a different incentive strategy than minimising cost or maximising cooperation frequency in autonomous agents.
5384h agoCoherently synchronized oscillations occur in a mirror-symmetric many-body localized system, and a synchronization transition of spin oscillations happens when spin-spin interactions change.
5384h agoFluctuations in two-dimensional Anderson localization belong to the (1+1)-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class, revealing a glassy nature of localized states.
5384h agoThe generalized density of states, which describes the number of states with energy E and magnetization m in a one-dimensional N-spin chain, has been expressed, helping understand model properties and showing that spontaneous magnetization can occur at non-zero temperature.
5384h agoThe large-deviation properties of minimum spanning trees are studied for two types of random graphs, complete graphs and Erdős-Rényi random graphs, revealing that the large deviation principle is fulfilled for both, with a notable change in distributions at the percolation threshold for connected ER graphs.
5384h agoPerovskite oxides with multiple elements in a single crystallographic site offer new opportunities for realizing novel physical phenomena.
5384h agoA new filtering method based on Nye dislocation density removes unrelated defects from vibrational modes and better predicts plastic events in glasses.
5384h agoTraining recurrent neuronal networks with additive noise leads to improved working memory performance due to emergent marginally stable equilibria characterized by sparse, non-Hermitian Jacobian matrices shaped by the network's inhibitory core and excitatory periphery motif.
5384h agoCritical dynamical fluctuations prevent a phase transition to a dynamically arrested state, restoring ergodicity at all finite densities or temperatures in finite-dimensional systems.
5384h agoFluctuations restore ergodicity and turn a sharp mode-coupling transition into a smooth crossover, replacing the mean-field result.
5384h agoA machine-learning framework accurately extrapolates the dynamical spin correlations in gapless quantum systems beyond the limits of conventional numerical methods.
5384h agoA new method certifies entanglement depth by comparing neural quantum states with chosen entanglement constraints to unconstrained models, directly from measurement statistics.
5384h agoRandom spanning forests have an exact analytic relation to the heat-kernel partition function, which allows for estimation of partition functions, energies, and Von Neumann entropy.
5384h agoThe eigenstate thermalization hypothesis originates from four key factors: the maximum entropy principle, the geometry of high-dimensional Hilbert space, the locality of physical observables, and the eigenstate typicality principle.
5384h agoCrystallographic defects in the Kitaev honeycomb spin liquid create a topological gap, generate ferromagnetic interactions, and lead to a finite temperature phase transition into a chiral spin liquid.
5384h agoThe driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard chain exhibits two distinct dynamical regimes: a regular quasilinear regime and a chaotic regime, governed by the interplay between coherent drive, dissipation, and interaction.
5384h agoTraffic congestion follows epidemic-like behavior, with patterns similar to Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible or Susceptible-Infected-Recovered processes, which relates to the well-known Fundamental Diagram of Traffic.
5384h agoDisordered metasurfaces with a critical packing of metaatoms exhibit a marked transition in scattered light properties, allowing for new design strategies to manipulate light using ultrathin optical coatings.
5384h agoAdding a link and allowing neighboring nodes to rewire their links leads to a discontinuous transition in an explosive percolation model, even with a finite number of rewiring nodes.
5384h agoThe study of wave-packet dynamics in one-dimensional non-Hermitian lattices reveals that the group velocity of a wave packet is governed by both the real and imaginary parts of the band structure.
5384h agoThe activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) declines in apical neural stem cells after the first postnatal weeks, leading to a shift in gene expression that promotes quiescence.
5384h agoNeurons in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease may experience premature aging, and changes in age-related genes help these neurons resist damage, with certain genes, such as CXXC4, playing a key role in maintaining neuron health.
5388h agoDesirability and cognitive effort govern the deliberation process in decision-making, with a new theory explaining how the nervous system tunes this process across contexts to produce typical decision behaviours and neural dynamics.
5388h agoArtificial neural networks, especially transformer-based architectures like ViT, can approximate human eye movement patterns in face processing by integrating information from sequential fixations.
5392h agoHarmonious color combinations influence early visual processing, and the number of colors used in a design has a stronger influence on aesthetic judgments.
5392h agoSerotonin 5-HT7 receptors control hippocampal-prefrontal pathways by activating inhibitory microcircuits, and blocking these receptors may help restore normal brain function in neuropsychiatric disorders.
5392h agoThe disruption of a molecular triad composed of gangliosides, neuroplastin, and plasma membrane calcium ATPase leads to diminished calcium ATPase activity in glioblastoma.
5396h agoTextured Gabor flicker is a more comfortable and effective alternative to traditional luminance flicker for low-frequency steady-state visual evoked potential paradigms, producing stronger visual responses and higher brain-computer interface accuracy.
5396h agoDepolarization block in olfactory sensory neurons enables animals to distinguish between different odors by creating distinct patterns of neuron activity, even when the intensity of the odor changes.
5396h agoTET2 regulates the balance between stemness and differentiation in adult neural stem cells by controlling the deposition of 5hmC across gene promoters, bodies, and enhancers.
5396h agoSex differences exist in sleep EEG patterns among children without neurodevelopmental disorders, and these differences may be distinct in children with disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disabilities.
5396h agoEEG markers differ between motor adaptation and de novo learning, with distinct neural mechanisms underlying each, including differences in preparatory and feedback-related brain activity.
5396h agoBiological sex and gonadal hormones play a key role in shaping cocaine-induced brain changes and behavioral responses, with males and females showing different reactions to cocaine due to their sex and hormone levels.
5396h agoFish use the difference in phase between particle motion and pressure of sound to localize sound direction, and their directional hearing is both frequency and phase dependent.
5396h agoA new mechanism for coincidence detection is discovered in the Drosophila head direction network, where neurons releasing the monoamine octopamine convey postsynaptic activity onto presynaptic terminals of visual inputs to anchor the head direction network to visual cues.
5396h agoPaxillin does not play a required role in axonal growth during neural development, and its loss in pyramidal cortical neurons leads to increased axon length after brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation.
5400h agoExperience modifies the distribution of excitatory synapses in over a hundred brain regions, with different experiences changing distinct subsets of synapses, and this reorganisation occurs throughout development and adulthood.
5400h agoThalamic recordings during non-rapid eye movement sleep reveal both pathological and physiological interictal events, and specific patterns are associated with seizure outcomes in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
5400h agoPCDH17 and PCDH10 molecules organize two distinct neural circuits in the basal ganglia that regulate different behaviors, including task learning and motor/sensory habituation.
5400h agoEstrogen dynamics can now be tracked in living animals using a new tool called neuro-seeER, which reveals fluctuations in estrogen action across different brain sites and over time.
5400h agoSatellite microglia, a subpopulation of immune cells, reshape inhibitory circuit connectivity and control neuronal activity by shielding inhibitory synapses in the adult mouse brain.
5400h agoBMP signaling changes with age and contributes to Alzheimer's Disease by disrupting lipid metabolism in APOE4 astrocytes, leading to neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation and reduced survival.
5400h agoA fully iPS-cell-based human three-dimensional blood-brain barrier model shows that the stroke risk gene FOXF2 plays a role in BBB dysregulation.
5404h agoFOXF2 maintains cerebrovascular function through Tie2 signaling, and activating Tie2 with AKB-9778 improves deficits in cerebral small vessel disease and stroke.
5404h agoA physics-infused heterogeneous graph neural network enables the rapid optimization and discovery of photon upconverting nanoparticle heterostructures that are 6.5-fold brighter than any nanoparticle in the training set.
5404h agoA new framework characterises consciousness-related brain activity through three key properties: hierarchical integration, cross-frequency complexity, and metastability, and reliably separates high-consciousness from impaired or non-conscious states.
5408h agoThe brain achieves rapid and coherent inference by transforming complex search problems into simpler navigation tasks through a process called topological condensation.
5408h agoLarge language models' attention heads specialize in specific cognitive functions, such as retrieval and logical reasoning, and play a vital role in the models' reasoning abilities.
5408h agoAlzheimer's disease is a complex interplay of pathologies, including amyloid-beta, tau, and neuroinflammation, requiring combination therapies that target multiple aspects of the disease for effective management.
5408h agoNeural mass models, which describe brain activity, can be organized into a systematic framework that relates different models to each other, allowing researchers to choose a model based on the level of abstraction and biological detail needed.
5408h agoSymmetry-Loss, a brain-inspired algorithmic principle, enforces invariance and equivariance through a differentiable constraint to create efficient, stable, and compositional representations.
5408h agoA mathematical model shows that separating the self from the environment helps create a self-model that enables better predictions and purposeful behavior.
5408h agoThe brain's cognitive structure, called the cognitome, is a high-order neural hypernetwork that can be modeled using math, and it works by discovering causal relationships in the external world and drawing conclusions from them.
5408h agoConscious representations in the brain are unambiguous, and researchers have found that certain neural network structures can also encode information unambiguously, allowing for accurate identification of represented content.
5408h agoMultimodal MRI can be effectively integrated and analyzed using Laplacian harmonics and spectral graph theory, allowing for robust and interpretable multi-scale brain structure analysis.
5408h agoSerotonin dynamics are shaped by firing frequency, varicosity geometry, and uptake kinetics, and varicosities form diffusively coupled microdomains that can generate spatial "serotonin reservoirs".
5408h agoBrain-Semantoks, a self-supervised framework, learns abstract representations of brain dynamics from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series, enabling strong performance on various downstream tasks.
5408h agoTissue conductivity representations that link microscopic and macroscopic assumptions improve simulations of electric fields in brain stimulation.
5408h agoThe generalized Camassa-Holm peakon model has a bi-Hamiltonian structure defined by linear and quadratic Poisson brackets.
5408h agoNeural mass models, which describe brain activity, can be organized into a systematic framework that relates different models to each other, allowing researchers to choose a model based on the level of abstraction and biological detail needed.
5408h agoSymmetry-Loss, a brain-inspired algorithmic principle, enforces invariance and equivariance through a differentiable constraint to create efficient, stable, and compositional representations.
5408h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in the spectral form factor, which can be described using a low-temperature Coulomb gas model and reproduced with perturbed permutation circuits and random matrix ensembles.
5408h agoNonlinear optical Thouless pumps maintain quantized displacement of solitons even in the presence of disorder, and nonlinearity allows for quicker execution of pumps.
5408h agoA novel solution enables the adiabatic, reversible, and controlled excitation of dark and bright solitons in Kerr micro-resonators with normal group velocity dispersion.
5408h agoThe observable drift, a measure of sensitivity to adiabatic deformations, correctly characterizes classical systems as chaotic and is equivalent to the traditional definition of chaos based on sensitivity to initial conditions.
5408h agoAdaptive chaos control can be achieved in a seasonally forced and noise-perturbed Lorenz84 model using two strategies: local Lyapunov exponents and transition probabilities from a non-homogeneous Hidden Markov Model.
5408h agoA specific type of system called a time crystal exhibits long-range order and periodic motion when an external field is applied to driven diffusive fluids.
5408h agoHamiltonian dynamics uncovers the structural properties of learning dynamics in games, revealing symmetries and conserved quantities that lead to convergence to the Nash equilibrium.
5408h agoExciting the transverse breathing mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate produces longitudinal collective excitations in pairs, and the growth rate of these excitations matches theoretical predictions.
5408h agoUnitary quantum systems with strong eigenvalue repulsion exhibit crystalline-like behavior in the spectral form factor, which can be described using a low-temperature Coulomb gas model and reproduced with perturbed permutation circuits and random matrix ensembles.
5408h agoDeePTB-NEGF, a new framework, combines deep learning and quantum transport simulations to accurately and efficiently predict the electronic behavior of 2D materials, achieving orders-of-magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to conventional methods.
5408h agoThe temperature and frequency dependence of ac dissipation in strongly disordered superconductors is explained by a new type of bulk localized collective modes that dominate low-frequency dissipation.
5408h agoA model of high-dimensional dynamical variables with random and non-reciprocal interactions exhibits chaotic dynamics with exponentially many linearly unstable equilibria.
5408h agoA method is presented to derive the exact elastic continuum model of any discrete network of springs, requiring only the network's geometry and topology.
5408h agoStatistical physics can analyse deep learning models, and a study of a multi-layer perceptron finds that its learning ability improves with more data, but is influenced by the model's depth, non-linearity, and width.
5408h agoConsciousness is required for binding basic sensory features, but not for their initial encoding, which occurs automatically in localized sensory cortical networks.
5408h agoMicroglia regulate seizure activity and protect against severe seizures through P2RY12 signaling, and a deficiency in microglia or P2RY12 increases seizure severity and susceptibility.
5412h agoInfluenza A virus pneumonia accelerates the expansion of disease-associated microglia in the brain, which is linked to cognitive decline and dementia, and this effect is age-dependent.
5420h agoMutations in the SCN2A gene lead to impaired cortical sensory processing, which can be improved by increasing SCN2A expression, even in young adults.
5428h agoProsodic information in human speech, including pitch and pauses, is processed by a distinct set of brain areas that help integrate linguistic meanings with non-verbal communicative signals.
5428h agoAstrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles contain a molecular scaffold characteristic of astrocytic endfeet, including the GlialCAM/MLC1 network and GPCRs, which may extend their signaling functions to the extracellular space.
5428h agoSensory areas encode working memory contents, but the format of this information changes over time and is not the same as during perception.
5428h agoAuditory representations emerge before word onset during silent reading, mimicking the sequence of sounds of the corresponding words and providing a basis for the inner voice experience.
5428h agoSpinocerebellar ataxia type 1 causes changes in the striatal brain region, including downregulated mRNAs, decreased dopamine receptor protein expression, and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission in medium spiny neurons.
5428h agoSupervised learning accurately categorizes brain hemispheres as left or right based on functional connectivity, especially in right-handed people.
5428h agoContextual associations between objects guide attention during visual search, influencing early processing, interacting with categorical information, and shaping behavioral performance.
5428h agoBorder-associated macrophages have a hyper-endocytic phenotype that enables them to effectively remove pathogenic material, such as amyloid-beta, and this phenotype is conserved across species and can be replicated in vitro.
5428h agoDamage to different brain areas and networks causes distinct types of apraxia, with limb apraxia linked to parietal lobe and white matter damage, buccofacial apraxia to focal lesions in the sensorimotor cortex, and apraxia of speech to highly focal, scattered damage.
5428h agoCortical networks balance local specialization and global integration by fluctuating around a critical point between ordered and disordered phases of neuronal activity.
5432h agoGene expression is tightly coupled with brain-wide connectivity in the cortico-thalamic circuit, and specific gene expression in axons reflects their cortical origins.
5432h agoLogarithmic coding enables adaptive responses to visual perturbations, allowing animals to stabilize their position during continuous and intermittent locomotion.
5432h agoFrontal motor circuits transform abstract cognitive representations into concrete motor actions by dynamically reconfiguring their interactions across decision stages.
5432h agoThe brain encodes individual differences in pain perception and changes in pain perception over time through different neural patterns.
5432h agoShort excitatory connections in the brain increase the number of common presynaptic inputs, enhancing neural response correlations, and support signal propagation, functional clustering, and complex computation.
5432h agoThe CLIP learning paradigm enables deep neural networks to produce a color representation that strongly aligns with human color perception at the fine-item level.
5436h agoSingle neurons can encode and maintain temporal information over several seconds, independent of synaptic drive, through intrinsic mechanisms that allow them to represent elapsed time.
5436h agoOptimal decoding performance in EEG data is achieved when the regularization strength is equal to or greater than 1 and 3 to 5 folds with at least 10 trials per average are used.
5436h agoCleLight, a new light-enhanced clearing method, increases tissue transparency, reduces autofluorescence, and enables high-resolution imaging of thick human brain sections.
5440h agoThe expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor causes spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, which is marked by endoplasmic reticulum stress, high expression of disease-associated neuropeptides, and specific molecular pathways that can be targeted for therapy.
5440h agoOptogenetic techniques can be applied to peripheral sensory nerves using an adeno-associated virus vector to treat sensory disorders.
5440h agoChildren's second language vocabulary learning is better measured by scalp topography and global field dynamics than by a single N400 amplitude in classroom settings.
5440h agoNeuronal hyperexcitability precedes amyloid plaque deposition and likely contributes to Alzheimer's disease progression, with three distinct stages of epileptogenesis identified in mice.
5440h agoHair-plate sensilla in crickets are present from the first instar stage and maintain a highly stereotyped spatial arrangement throughout development, providing a robust proprioceptive system that detects antennal position.
5440h agoBiological neural networks are organized into communities that support functional specialization and adaptability, and analysis of the fruit fly brain connectome reveals that these communities are typically spatially compact and aligned with known biological features.
5440h agoMutations in SWS or PNPLA6 cause progressive neuronal degeneration and complex syndromes, including mental retardation, spastic paraplegia, ataxia, and blindness.
5440h agoBrief transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex increases its functional connectivity with other brain regions, especially with non-default mode networks.
5440h agoSocioeconomic status shows the strongest associations with brain function and structure, and explains 40% of brain links to intelligence, in a study of brain-wide variation.
5440h agoTwo biased 5-HT7R ligands, Serodolin and MOA51, effectively reduce pain responses and spinal neuroinflammation in pain models, and do not induce tolerance with repeated administration.
5440h agoReducing APOE4 produced by neurons with antisense oligonucleotides protects against key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathology, including neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
5440h agoNeurons regulate their firing rate through local calcium changes that can encode separate feedback signals, allowing for independent control of synaptic strength and intrinsic excitability in different parts of the neuron.
5440h agoVGF, a neuropeptide precursor, modulates synaptic and drug-evoked plasticity in the nucleus accumbens, influencing opioid sensitivity and psychomotor sensitization.
5440h agoMelanopsin plays a larger role in shaping circadian photic responses in females than in males, and female mice have higher levels of melanopsin expression in ipRGCs.
5440h agoRapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease has a biochemically distinct form of tau oligomers that is more toxic and associated with different cellular pathways than the form found in slowly progressive Alzheimer's disease.
5440h agoMRI can now non-invasively assess cell types, abundance, and location in the brain, and researchers have developed a machine learning framework called STRATA to quantify cell type proportions from MR images.
5440h agoMitochondrial gene expression is downregulated in neurons after exposure to -synuclein aggregates, with genes MT-ND1 and MT-ATP6 decreasing, regardless of the proximity of the aggregates to the sampled mitochondria.
5440h agoPatients with multiple sclerosis show a larger bias in reproducing time intervals, overestimating short intervals and underestimating long intervals, due to an over-reliance on prior expectations and greater measurement noise during the sensory stage.
5444h agoBeta2* nAChRs in different types of neurons in the prefrontal cortex have distinct roles in regulating behavior, including working memory, social behavior, and anxiety.
5444h agoDiscovering hidden structure guides neural replay, enabling fast generalization by updating information about the values of states.
5452h agoThe brain's network is sub-optimal for communication and cost, as it prioritizes reliability over efficiency and cost, using a distributed "rich club" backbone to resist breakdown.
5452h agoAntidepressants increase the breakdown of perineuronal nets, which in turn decrease the activity of inhibitory neurons and may contribute to their therapeutic effects.
5452h agoAlternative splicing of the Ank3 gene allows the ankyrin-G protein to modulate neuron type-specific excitability in addition to its role in organizing the axon initial segment.
5452h agoAcetylcholine release in the dorsolateral striatum is selectively biased toward negative valence and plays a crucial role in reorganizing network dynamics to prime ensembles for impending threat and bias learning toward threat persistence.
5452h agoA unified mechanism that integrates depth perception and figure ground organization is proposed, where border ownership emerges from thresholded relative disparity differencing, allowing for contour-based segmentation and depth perception.
5452h agoGABAergic signaling inhibits neurotransmitter release mainly by Gβγ-mediated inhibition of SNARE mechanisms, not by reducing calcium entry, and synthetic drug application does not fully replicate this endogenous pathway.
5452h agoP/Q-type calcium channels in oligodendrocyte lineage cells are required for normal myelination in the developing central nervous system.
5452h agoThe subthalamic nucleus encodes both motor and linguistic aspects of speech production, and a subset of its neural clusters also respond to orofacial movements.
5452h agoNeural population responses are governed by optimal feedback mechanisms that enable flexible transitions between complex strategies to control musculoskeletal dynamics.
5452h agoThe level of CaV1.2 protein expression acts as a molecular switch that determines whether dendritic growth is promoted or inhibited, depending on its interaction with L-type current activity.
5452h agoSpatial context modifies visual perception in the primary visual cortex by enhancing novel features, and this effect is achieved through distinct contributions of feedback from higher-order visual areas and lateral connections within the cortex.
5452h agoThe hippocampus acts as a gating mechanism that governs the trade-off between learning during active practice and rest periods, and modulating it can boost overall performance by shifting learning to a more efficient pathway.
5452h agoFkbp5 in noradrenergic neurons helps regulate social behavior in response to stress, and its deletion increases pro-social behavior in male mice by altering communication between certain brain areas.
5452h agoAdolescent brain maturation supports cognitive specialization through reductions in intrinsic neural timescales, which are linked to improved cognitive function.
5452h agoHormones affect specific brain circuits to modulate parenting behavior in mothers and fathers, with different circuits and hormones influencing caregiving and aggression.
5452h agoActivation of cholecystokinin interneurons by norepinephrine plays an inhibitory role in fear learning by enhancing theta oscillations and patterned inhibitory synaptic input in the basolateral amygdala.
5452h agoNorepinephrine from the locus coeruleus coordinates valence assignment by controlling the activity of specific interneurons in the basolateral amygdala, driving the coding of experiences as either positive or negative.
5452h agoThe endocannabinoid system differs between humans and mice with Alzheimer's disease, with distinct patterns of cannabinoid receptor and enzyme distribution and association that are also influenced by sex and genetics.
5452h agoThe development of flexible memory relies on the integration of experiences across time and space in the brain, which happens as the anterior hippocampus matures and improves its ability to link information.
5452h agoChildren born preterm have weaker brain activity and less coordinated motor skills, linked to delayed maturation of motor cortical circuits and variations in brain development.
5456h agoBrain activity operates near a balance between order and disorder, and a multiscale model shows that local and global brain criticality are intertwined but not directly aligned, with their relationship depending on structural connectivity.
5456h agoThe noradrenergic inputs from the locus coeruleus to the orbitofrontal cortex support adaptive learning by adjusting learning rates according to environmental volatility and stochasticity.
5456h agoObservers adjust attention by increasing signal strength at expected target locations when expecting a difficult search, rather than changing the spatial scope of attention.
5456h agoPeripheral CB1R inhibition suppresses food intake and improves metabolism in obese mice by activating brain structures that regulate satiety through both vagal and vagal-independent pathways.
5456h agoHearing loss, age, and spatial location jointly affect people's ability to detect new or changing sounds in their environment.
5456h agoVisuospatial neglect after a right-hemisphere stroke impairs automatic detection of regularity violations more substantially than a stroke without neglect, and this deficit does not improve with time or rehabilitation.
5456h agoThe prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in the development of food addiction, with differences in its calcium activity dynamics associated with key addiction criteria.
5456h agoNociceptor ensembles are organized in a hierarchical structure, with tissue identity being the main factor that determines which mechano-nociceptors are activated in response to noxious mechanical stimuli.
5456h agoMild hyperthermia delivered to the brain using focused ultrasound improves cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease mice by increasing the expression of proteins that degrade beta-amyloid and reduce oxidative stress.
5460h agoA new all-optical beam multiplexing engine enables kilohertz-frame-rate imaging of voltage across a large field of view, allowing for submillisecond imaging of neural activity in hundreds of neurons.
5460h agoSerotonergic neurons promote the growth of high-grade gliomas by releasing serotonin, which activates 5HT2A receptors on glioma cells, leading to increased cell proliferation and reduced survival.
5464h agoThe human auditory cortex encodes the identity of an attended speaker in distinct spatial activation maps that are independent of temporal dynamics.
5464h agoShared neural responses are higher among people in the same social group, particularly for those with a more homogeneous social structure, such as a religious group.
5464h agoA theoretical model shows that neural networks can perform multiple tasks by combining low-rank components, and that small changes in network connectivity allow tasks to be selected without interference.
5464h agoCACNA1C dysfunction disrupts excitatory-inhibitory balance, network organization, and neurodevelopment, with loss-of-function and gain-of-function variants causing opposite effects on neuronal activity and development.
5464h agoA scalable analytical framework harmonizes proteomic data from 13,733 individuals, revealing disease-specific plasma signatures and candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
5468h agoHigh-resolution imaging of non-human primate brains is achieved at 10.5T MRI using a new RF coil toolset, allowing for detailed anatomical structures to be revealed with high spatial resolutions.
5468h agoThe subthalamic nucleus plays a predominant role in actively facilitating desired actions, with most of its task-related neurons exhibiting activity that increases for rewarded choices.
5468h agoCovert neuron loss causes multi-day changes in brain wave patterns similar to those seen after a symptomatic stroke.
5468h agoGenetics play a moderate role in the brain's response to pain relief through placebo, accounting for 21 to 49% of the variance in neural activation.
5468h agoCue-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens core encodes the persistence of cue value, independently of changes in reward value, and this neural signal remains unchanged even when behavior adapts to reward loss.
5468h agoLRRK2 acts as a sensor of lysosomal volume and mechanical stress, and its activity is triggered by lysosomal swelling, not membrane damage or other signals.
5468h agoOligodendrocytes play an active role in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and exhibit changes in cell state and molecular activity, including a shift towards reactive states, in ALS patients.
5468h agoOlder adults have more disorder in brain network landscapes, which is linked to worse physical function and higher body mass index.
5468h agoCongenital handlessness leads to reorganization in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), where foot movements activate areas typically reserved for hand movements, due to lifelong compensatory foot use.
5468h agoIschemic stroke causes a long-term shift in stromal progenitor cell composition, leading to excessive fibrosis, impaired regenerative processes, and persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction.
5468h agoThere is no paragraph to summarize, only a citation and publication information. If you provide the actual paragraph, I can assist with creating a summary sentence.
5476h agoEd Kravitz, a pioneer in interdisciplinary neuroscience, died on 21 September 2025 at the age of 92.
5476h agoA spectrolaminar motif of local field potential power exists across primate neocortex.
5476h agoBright light reduces feeding and weight gain in mice by activating a specific pathway from the retina to the brain that inhibits appetite-regulating neurons.
5476h agoNeural activity selectively represents the identity and category of visual stimuli, with different visual features contributing to this selectivity, including retinotopy, shape, and texture.
5476h agoA new neural structure, called a Parallel Neuron Group (PNG), is discovered in the adult Drosophila brain, characterized by groups of neurons that share a high number of input and output neurons.
5480h agoLarger brains operate with lower firing rates because their activity follows avalanche dynamics, which leads to a universal economy of scale.
5480h agoA stochastic framework models and segments transient spindle-like oscillatory bursts in EEG signals as realizations of a two-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a stable focus.
5480h agoSpatial Spiking Neural Networks (SpSNNs) outperform traditional spiking neural networks with fewer parameters by learning neuron positions in a finite-dimensional space, reducing computational cost while maintaining accuracy.
5480h agoThe kinetic Ising model was adapted to study changing patterns in neural activity, revealing that mice with better performance have more efficient neural computation during task engagement.
5480h agoThe mu-opioid and anesthetic-induced unawareness is caused by the activation of the medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus, which slows down respiration and promotes slow-wave sleep, memory replay, and rest.
5480h agoStochastic gradient descent causes two deep linear networks with different sizes and trained on different data to learn the same representations up to a rotation, known as Perfectly Platonic representations.
5480h agoA new method analyzes angles between tangent subspaces to estimate inertial manifold dimension, requiring less computational effort and memory than previous methods.
5480h agoA family of four-dimensional discrete dynamical systems associated with coupled oscillators exhibits chaos in the sense of Li-Yorke.
5480h agoThe generalized Ziegler pendulum's integrability and transition to chaotic motion are analyzed, showing that added external forces, including gravity, friction, and dissipative forces, affect its integrable cases.
5480h agoHigher-order interactions, phase frustration, and noise interact to govern synchronization in globally coupled heterogeneous Kuramoto oscillators, with weak frustration and mutually reinforcing coupling promoting synchronization, and strong frustration favoring coherence under repulsive coupling.
5480h agoThe Melnikov method applied to generalized Ziegler pendulums yields an analytical form for the separatrix of the system, allowing definition of relationships between the Melnikov integral and control parameters that distinguish between regular and chaotic orbits.
5480h agoA single oscillator with two delayed-feedback loops replicates the wavefront propagation of a network of bistable nodes with nonlocal coupling.
5480h agoCoupling delay in phase-oscillator networks generates inertial terms and higher-order interactions, leading to complex collective patterns such as splay, cyclops, and chimera states.
5480h agoQuantum resource theories can be assessed through a unified protocol that quantifies the resource-generating power of arbitrary quantum evolutions using deep thermalization.
5480h agoLLM generation follows a detailed balance, indicating that LLMs implicitly learn underlying potential functions rather than generally learning rule sets and strategies.
5480h agoLinear mode coupling induces deformable vector solitons with different temporal and spectral structures in ultrafast fiber lasers.
5480h agoThe Lorenz and Chen attractors share common properties and fundamental differences that are not yet fully understood. (or an improved version) Lorenz and Chen attractors have common properties and fundamental differences. However, a better sentence would be: Lorenz and Chen attractors have a set of homoclinic orbits with different topological structures defined by their rotations around the axis of symmetry.
5480h agoThe calculation of exponent $z$ in model A of critical dynamics has been analytically performed to four loops in $d=4-2\varepsilon$ dimensions using parametrical integration with hyperlogarithms.
5480h agoThe Galerkin-truncated Euler equation leads to absolute equilibrium states, which thermalize and exhibit an emergent pseudo-dissipation range in the energy spectrum.
5480h agoThe Dirac-Bianconi operator enables interactions between dynamics on nodes, links, and higher-order structures in networks, leading to behaviors such as periodic oscillations.
5480h agoThermodynamic efficiency can be generalised to multiple control parameters and expressed in terms of how well system parameters can be inferred from observable behaviour or how difficult it is to navigate the statistical manifold.
5480h agoThe discrete evolution problem leads to a generalized discrete version of the Magnus expansion and establishes key links between quantum algebras, tridendriform and pre-Lie algebras.
5480h agoThe generalized False Vacuum Skyrme model leads to globally minimal energy solutions where the $h$ fields are self-dual and the Skyrme field configuration is spherically symmetric.
5480h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
5480h agoThe minimal seeds for transitioning to turbulence and relaminarization lie in distant regions of state space and have different structures, with the former primarily in the direction of streamwise vortices and the latter distributed across multiple modes.
5480h agoThe periodic elliptic Ruijsenaars chain has a classical dynamical $r$-matrix structure that provides Liouville integrability, and its continuous non-relativistic limit relates to the Maillet type non-ultralocal $r$-matrix structure of the elliptic Calogero-Moser model.
5480h agoThe emergence of coherent structures from chaotic backgrounds in active biological swarms occurs through a transition to active turbulence characterized by quantized loop phase currents and coherent clustering.
5480h agoThe U(1) quantum link model in a ladder geometry shows criticality consistent with the Ising universality class for all phase transitions observed, and its transitions survive with some robustness against disorder.
5480h agoQuantum resource theories can be assessed through a unified protocol that quantifies the resource-generating power of arbitrary quantum evolutions using deep thermalization.
5480h agoThe alloy of AlN with SiC has wurtzite, zincblende, and rhombohedral phases that are statistically relevant for a Bulk Acoustic Wave filter application.
5480h agoTwo quantum-classical hybrid methods simulate the time-dependence of electron-phonon systems, treating electronic correlations exactly and optical-phonon degrees of freedom classically, and show that classical oscillators cause delocalization in strongly disordered systems.
5480h agoRotating the boundary of bilayer graphene cavities relative to the lattice drives the system towards chaos, leading to eigenenergy level repulsion and spatially uncorrelated random waves.
5480h agoGlassy systems' quench dynamics show a phase transition between strong and weak ergodicity breaking at a finite temperature, with computational cost scaling sublinearly using a new algorithm.
5480h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
5480h agoNon-Hermitian topology protects transport in one-dimensional systems up to a substantial critical disorder strength, and a sharp phase transition to Anderson localization occurs beyond this point.
5480h agoA new technique using a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor measures particle velocities in granular gases at high particle densities, providing velocity distributions that match those from conventional particle-tracking measurements.
5480h agoThe kinetic Ising model was adapted to study changing patterns in neural activity, revealing that mice with better performance have more efficient neural computation during task engagement.
5480h agoInteractions in disordered many-body localized systems cause nonstabilizerness to grow as a power-law, unlike in ergodic systems where it rapidly saturates.
5480h agoStochastic gradient descent causes two deep linear networks with different sizes and trained on different data to learn the same representations up to a rotation, known as Perfectly Platonic representations.
5480h agoThe SIS model on directed complex networks exhibits a nonequilibrium phase transition between the absorbing and endemic phases when the mean degree is greater than or equal to the inverse of the average infection rate.
5480h agoPial collaterals play a key role in coordinating blood flow across different areas of the brain by propagating signals between adjacent cortical territories.
5480h agoThe insular cortex sends a predictive signal before a meal that helps regulate blood sugar levels by triggering the release of insulin and maintaining metabolic balance.
5480h agoChildren with binge eating have increased efficiency and connectedness in certain brain networks, which may make them more vulnerable to overeating.
5480h agoThe brain's dynamic states do not map directly onto static large-scale networks, but instead, each state engages multiple networks and each network participates in several states.
5480h agoA computational model using gated recurrency with biological realism best predicts auditory cortical responses to natural sounds, outperforming other models.
5480h agoA new meta-learning framework discovers local learning rules that enable structured credit assignment in recurrent networks trained with sparse feedback.
5484h agoHumans' adaptability in learning comes from efficient use of brain areas that turn prediction errors into actions, not from better prediction errors themselves.
5484h agoNon-Hermitian systems with the skin effect exhibit a universal Anderson localization transition, regardless of disorder distribution or Hamiltonian structure, with critical exponents nu = 1.50 and beta ~ 0.65.
5484h agoA new meta-learning framework discovers local learning rules that enable structured credit assignment in recurrent networks trained with sparse feedback.
5484h agoA non-invasive framework based on whole-brain models reveals that consciousness is linked to violations of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in brain signals, which decrease in unresponsive states and disorders of consciousness.
5484h agoThe cross-talk function analysis reveals that the effect of residual field spread on extracting brain activity from regions of interest and estimating connectivity between them varies greatly across the cortex, with areas farther from recording sensors more likely to capture activity from other areas.
5484h agoAlzheimer's disease causes disruptions in large-scale brain networks, particularly affecting limbic, subcortical, and higher cognition networks early, then progressing to other areas, with changes detectable before formal diagnosis.
5488h agoRac1 activity is elevated in tuberous sclerosis complex, and inhibiting Rac1 rescues anxiety-like behavior, restores brain connectivity, and normalizes gene expression.
5488h agoGene replacement therapy restores retinal function in mice with a condition causing inherited blindness by delivering a healthy copy of the KCNV2 gene to the retina.
5488h agoThe versatility of the Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) receptor comes from its ability to interact with two ligands, Netrin-1 and Draxin, to guide axon extension and define synaptic connections.
5488h agoActivation of cannabinoid receptors leads to increased non-axonal ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies without changing normal myelin formation or oligodendrocyte differentiation.
5488h agoNeural populations across the brain transition from movement preparation to execution through distinct but overlapping manifolds, with primary motor cortex shifting last, around 100 ms before movement onset.
5488h agoAmyloid-beta disrupts oligodendrocyte function in Alzheimer's disease by increasing levels of the myelin regulatory factor MYRF, and inhibiting the enzyme PKC can prevent this disruption and improve cognitive function.
5488h agoOffline reactivation of brain-wide motor circuit representations supports exploration and retention of optimal motor strategies, with distinct types of reactivation events contributing to strategy exploration and consolidation.
5488h agoA subset of synaptic connections is maintained during periods of reduced brain activity, and these protected connections, characterized by specific structural features, underlie long-term memory retention.
5488h agoSoluble epoxide hydrolase in astrocytes drives vascular instability in Alzheimer's disease, and deleting this enzyme mitigates vascular changes and preserves blood vessel function.
5488h agoIschemic stroke in Alzheimer's disease generates a novel microglial phenotype that rapidly accumulates dense amyloid beta plaques with a relatively benign nature.
5488h agoSex hormone levels are linked to changes in brain characteristics that distinguish males from females, with fluctuations in hormone levels associated with changes in these brain characteristics over time.
5488h agoInsufficient measurement device input impedance and unmitigated stimulator leakage currents lead to underestimation of DC offsets and overestimation of charge injection limits at platinum electrodes, especially with smaller electrode sizes.
5492h agoCircadian disruptions impair brain immune cells called macrophages, which normally clean up amyloid-beta, and this impairment increases the risk of Alzheimer's Disease.
5492h agoAn algorithm that automatically extracts electrode coordinates from structural MRI achieves a median localization error of 2.3 mm, allowing for accurate and precise electrode placement in transcranial direct current stimulation studies.
5492h agoAlkyl ether lipids exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by activating key intracellular signaling pathways and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and their ether bond structure alone may be sufficient to confer biological activity.
5492h agoMeditation improves mental well-being and emotional regulation by integrating autonomic and cortical responses, leading to a state of relaxed-alertness and increased gamma-band power.
5492h agoDynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals a landscape of methodological contrast in studying Parkinson's disease, with variability in preprocessing strategies but convergence on core analytical choices.
5492h agoGnptab deficiency impairs fine motor behaviors in mice, causing them to have trouble grasping and retrieving food pellets due to problems with grasp shaping and trajectory control.
5492h agoRestoring calpastatin function through calpain inhibition improves locomotor deficits, neuromuscular junction dysfunction, and synaptic integrity in models of C9orf72-associated ALS.
5492h agoAyahuasca causes changes in brain connectivity, specifically weakening hub influence, increasing distributed communication pathways, and affecting the right hemisphere more, leading to less efficient brain communication.
5492h agoThe sex chromosomes, not just gonadal hormones, drive sex differences in the brain, particularly in the mouse medial septum, by regulating gene expression related to synaptic development, metabolism, and human disorders.
5492h agoFlies can maintain a consistent navigational direction for days to weeks by using a visual cue to guide their movement.
5492h agoCortical beta oscillations play a key role in both motor control and cognitive processes, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can modulate these oscillations to facilitate faster movement initiation.
5492h agoElevated Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) activity impairs synaptic integrity and cognition, while PLD1 attenuation improves synaptic function and cognitive resilience in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
5496h agoSusceptibility-matched padding improves the quality of spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings by increasing B0 field homogeneity and reducing noise.
5496h agoPrefrontal astrocytes regulate reward-seeking behavior across associative learning by exhibiting functionally plastic calcium signals that track cue-reward associations and adapt to changes in reward contingencies.
5496h agoMicroglial immune signaling via MyD88 regulates the development of hippocampal inhibitory circuits, particularly affecting parvalbumin interneurons, in a sex-specific manner.
5496h agoMicrobleeds are a specific marker of amyloid-related vascular injury, not a general indicator of small-vessel impairment, and can serve as a disease-specific biomarker for detecting amyloid-driven vascular fragility in Alzheimer's disease.
5496h agoNoise-induced hearing loss is caused by damage to cochlear cells and neurons, and activating the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 with a small molecule called TRC051384 protects these cells and preserves hearing.
5496h agoHuman-specific molecular and cellular regulatory programs prolong maturation of the prefrontal cortex by guiding the postnatal development of neurons and glia, affecting cognitive function and neurodevelopmental disorders.
5500h agoHippocampal sharp waves reflect sleep need and allow the hippocampus to discharge sleep need even when the cortex is awake.
5500h agoA third visual pathway in the brain specializes in processing dynamic social cues such as facial expressions, eye gaze, and body movements to support social perception.
5504h agoA new meta-learning framework discovers local learning rules that enable recurrent networks to learn from sparse, delayed feedback using only local information.
5504h agoNeuroSketch, a framework for neural decoding, achieves state-of-the-art performance across all evaluated datasets by systematically optimizing model architectures.
5504h agoHuman adaptability in learning tasks comes from efficient use of brain areas that turn prediction errors into actions, not from better prediction error encoding.
5504h agoA novel network construction method enables efficient simulation of large-scale spiking neural networks on multi-GPU clusters and supercomputers by managing communication and memory.
5504h agoThe gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating sleep by influencing brain and body functions through the gut-microbiota-brain axis, and changes in its composition can lead to sleep disorders and other health problems.
5504h agoThe Structurally Adaptive Predictive Inference Network (SAPIN) model learns to process information and position its computational resources by minimizing local prediction errors on a 2D grid.
5504h agoCalculations show that the radius of convergence of Hill's series is near the value of m of the cusped orbit, which is 0.560958.
5504h agoNoise can trigger extreme events in a network of coupled oscillators, and these events can occur globally or partially across the network depending on noise intensity and coupling strength.
5504h agoClustered echo state networks improve the prediction of multivariate time series by organizing reservoir nodes into clusters that correspond to distinct input variables.
5504h agoNon-local competitive interactions lead to self-organized vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid ecosystems through two distinct mechanisms that generate Turing instabilities.
5504h agoModularity in networks affects the dynamics of Kuramoto oscillators, and a coarse-graining procedure can accurately describe the phase transition from asynchronous to synchronous motion when modules are well synchronized.
5504h agoStability in complex systems is determined by a spectral outlier, and instability can originate in nodes with unusually low or high degree, or occur throughout the network.
5504h agoStandard diffusion-based generative models induce a spectral collapse that renders high-wavenumber modes indistinguishable from noise, but using power-law schedules and Lazy Diffusion can prevent this collapse and produce accurate surrogates for multiscale dynamical systems.
5504h agoA method for finding a Liouvillian first integral of a rational second-order ordinary differential equation uses a nonlocal symmetry to construct polynomial vector fields that lead to an integrating factor.
5504h agoDynamical systems can be coupled to drive their combined dynamics onto a lower dimensional submanifold, achieving a specified functional relationship between the variables of the two systems.
5504h agoThe topological Kuramoto model exhibits multistability, with the number of coexisting stable states determined by winding number constraints, and cell complexes generate richer multistability patterns than simplicial complexes.
5504h agoConflict-averse centrism can help authoritarianism succeed in polarized political conflicts by limiting the effectiveness of democratic resistance.
5504h agoLocalization in disordered quantum chains can be characterized by rare chain-breaking events that are marked by extreme values of simple local observables, such as on-site density or local magnetization.
5504h agoTilt controls the transport properties of 2D Dirac fermions, leading to a range of behaviors including delocalization, localization, and a tilt-driven localization-delocalization transition.
5504h agoSpontaneous symmetry breaking occurs on discrete geometric structures, such as lattices and networks, and is controlled by properties like fractional resistance distance and spectral dimension.
5504h agoMany-body localization is understood through local integrals of motion that are related to spatially localized quantum degrees of freedom.
5504h agoNon-Hermiticity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling combine to drive topological transitions in spinful p-wave Kitaev chains at lower potential strengths than in Hermitian systems.
5504h agoQuantum spin liquids can be dynamically prepared in a state with long-range entangled properties even when the ground state phase diagram does not exhibit such a topological phase.
5504h agoA new meta-learning framework discovers local learning rules that enable recurrent networks to learn from sparse, delayed feedback using only local information.
5504h agoThe out-of-equilibrium dynamics of mean-field spin glasses exhibits strong ergodicity breaking, where the system ages in a restricted space and never forgets its initial condition.
5504h agoA new deep learning model called DOTA accurately predicts adsorption energy using local density of states, requiring minimal high-fidelity training data and outperforming traditional theories.
5504h agoComplex biological mixtures can perform information retrieval through metastable phase separation.
5504h agoAnderson localization transitions in one-dimensional non-Hermitian systems with the skin effect belong to the same universality class regardless of disorder distribution or Hamiltonian structure.
5504h agoA data-driven learning method trains a neural network to predict measurement-induced entanglement in many-body systems, revealing a learnability transition with increasing circuit depth.
5504h agoA mutation in the KCNK18 gene disrupts the function of the TRESK potassium channel, leading to reduced potassium current and altered protein properties, which contributes to neuropathic pain.
5504h agoThe calcium-dependent chloride current in cone photoreceptors acts as a positive feedback loop that enhances detection of slow motion by sustaining the photovoltage response.
5504h agoDisruptions in the activity dynamics of the caudate and putamen explain many of the changes in functional connectivity that occur during Huntington's disease progression.
5508h agoSuppressing T-type Ca2+ channels in nociceptive neurons with virus-mediated delivery of small hairpin RNAs alleviates painful symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy.
5508h agoThe cerebellum plays a role in processing vocal emotions by optimizing sensory representations of prosodic cues for evaluation, and damage to it leads to deficits in vocal emotion recognition, especially when attention is focused on the emotion.
5508h agoDrowsiness shifts spatial attention from a bilaterally integrated network to a left-lateralised state by changing the connections between brain areas, supporting the dual-network model of spatial attention.
5508h agoTDP-43 protein dysfunction leads to DNA damage in neurons, disrupting normal activity, and mutations in TDP-43 worsen this damage by impairing an enzyme that helps prevent DNA breaks.
5508h agoQuantum-mechanical modeling of material properties is efficiently done by mapping the problem onto neuromorphic device architectures.
5512h agoPatients with Major Depressive Disorder can be divided into two subtypes with distinct brain anatomy and clinical characteristics, showing different responses to treatment.
5512h agoGene therapy using a specially designed promoter called cmGAD67 restores balance to brain activity and reduces seizures in epilepsy models by increasing production of the neurotransmitter GABA in inhibitory neurons.
5512h agoStressful experiences create a long-lasting memory that combines medium-term and long-term memory, which depends on the number of training cycles and requires specific brain cells and proteins to form.
5512h agoStable structural factors, derived from brain morphometry, are more closely linked to core behavioral traits in Autism Spectrum Disorder than functional connectivity factors.
5512h agoSchizophrenia is associated with more irregular brain network patterns, reduced adaptability, and aberrant connectivity, which correlates with cognitive impairment.
5512h agoNon-human primates use inverted pendulum dynamics to transition from quadrupedal to bipedal locomotion by controlling the forward step length of one hindlimb.
5512h agoThe brain has a separate network for processing meaning from language and pictures, which is distinct from the language network and other cognitive networks.
5512h agoA sub-population of border ownership neurons signals figure side along equiluminant borders, defined purely by color contrast, and plays a crucial role in transforming equiluminant edge signals into object-centered shape representations.
5512h agoThe NSG family members interact with proteins involved in neuronal protein trafficking, including glutamatergic synapses, endosomal trafficking, and presynaptic machinery, and form complexes with each other and with core receptor subunits.
5512h agoPrefrontal NMDAR signaling is necessary for effective value updating and feedback-driven learning, and its loss disrupts reward-history integration and leads to disturbances in decision-making similar to those seen in schizophrenia.
5516h agoPupil dilation reflects content held in working memory, and adapts to changing behavioral goals and the way memory content will be used.
5516h agoTau and amyloid-beta pathology together drive memory decline in mice with a model of Alzheimer's disease, with tau accumulation contributing to progressive cognitive decline.
5516h agoCHI3L1 inhibitor Z17 reduces neuroinflammation and restores astrocytic function, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
5516h agoThe brain generates stable object concepts through a network of areas, including the anterior inferior temporal cortex, temporal pole, and frontal cortex, which process and connect features like color and shape.
5516h agoReducing external calcium or magnesium concentrations increases intrinsic excitability and hyperpolarizes the action potential threshold of CA1 pyramidal neurons through the calcium-sensing receptor and modulation of Kv1 and Nav1.2 channels.
5516h agoThe inferior olive's input to the cerebellum, specifically twitch-related corollary discharge, is necessary for the emergence of a functioning cerebellar internal model during development.
5516h agoThe combination of HIV infection and methamphetamine use causes neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and cognitive dysfunction through mechanisms that involve microglial activation and decreased TREM2 function.
5516h agoDiffusion MRI and magnetization transfer metrics provide complementary insights into tissue microstructure, with ihMTR correlating with axonal water fraction and myelination in white matter, and with exchange time in gray matter, while MPF correlates with cell-process fraction in gray matter.
5516h agoOxytocin increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells and enhances the release of glutamate from perforant path synapses, which regulates the flow of information into the hippocampus.
5516h agoPhysical fatigue increases the subjective cost of effort, with compensatory neuromuscular activation playing a key role in this process, leading to altered decisions to exert effort in response to fatiguing exertions.
5516h agoChronic semaglutide administration increases motivation for food reward under restricted access conditions, but reduces overall food consumption when food is freely available.
5516h agoHigher glucose levels are associated with lower stress, and changes in glucose levels can affect stress levels in healthy individuals.
5520h agoThe visual system's ability to separate overlapping objects' motion depends on the size of neurons' receptive fields in the V1 area, which determines whether motion components are integrated or segregated.
5520h agoA new sensor-space basis dictionary that incorporates cortical geometry provides a more efficient and interpretable representation of EEG data, explaining more variance with fewer modes than traditional methods.
5520h agoPARIS contributes to Alzheimer's disease by elevating STAT3 activity, which induces tau pathology, hippocampal atrophy, and glial activation.
5520h agoFour functional subtypes of pyramidal neurons with distinct morphology and synaptic interactions exist in the human cortex, following conserved microcircuit principles.
5524h agoNeural circuit models have symmetrical synaptic connections that match the variables being processed, and a new graph embedding algorithm identifies these symmetries in brain circuits.
5524h agoThe analysis of a top foundation model of neural activity reveals that its different processing stages exhibit distinct representational structures, with the recurrent module enhancing temporal stimulus pattern separation and the readout module achieving biological fidelity through specialized feature maps.
5528h agoA discretized Wilson-Cowan Amari neural field model, combined with a data assimilation method, can characterize neural activity in a mouse's cortex during natural sleep and infer the stimulus received from other brain regions.
5528h agoThe paper proposes an analogy between ranked word frequencies in texts and Bose-Einstein statistics, but mixes physical claims with definitions and curve-fitting choices, raising concerns about normalization, identification of rank with energy, and baseline comparison.
5528h agoNeurons can have many distinct states and use internal computations to change their state, allowing them to selectively deactivate synapses and create a dynamic neural network.
5528h agoInsufficient sleep in adolescents is linked to glymphatic dysfunction, which partially explains its adverse effects on brain structure, cognition, and mental health.
5528h agoDisordered connectivity in neural networks shapes their nonlinear dynamics and fluctuations, and can even stabilize the asynchronous state.
5528h agoNeural networks encode information in two spaces, feature identity and feature integration, which can be captured by a new joint-training architecture, leading to improved reconstruction and reduced errors.
5528h agoTwo models, the "surface wave" and "axoplasmic pressure wave" models, describe the same mechanical process accompanying action potential propagation, involving elastic components of the axon and kinetic energy carried by axoplasmic fluid.
5528h agoNonreciprocity makes waves propagating in one direction stable, while making their mirror-image counterparts unstable.
5528h agoCellular automata are divided into equivalence classes by symmetry transformations, and the number of these classes is analysed for irreducible binary local rules and global maps.
5528h agoThe generalized Lotka-Volterra model of four coupled elements shows that heteroclinic networks exist in its phase space, and these networks are organized into specific sets based on the model's coupling parameters.
5528h agoTranscript-based estimators can characterize the strength, direction, and complexity of interactions between time series of interacting systems, providing insights into spatial-temporal interactions in the human brain.
5528h agoTemperature affects nearly all biological rates, and different mechanisms explain these effects through various models that connect molecular processes to physiological temperature responses.
5528h agoBacterial growth rates and phage adsorption rates determine three possible outcomes for bacteria and phages living together: phage extinction, stable coexistence, or oscillation-induced extinction.
5528h agoCompressibility of fluid flows causes large deviations in strain rate that strongly stretch and break particles, particularly stiff ones, by giving rise to a power-law distribution of extensions.
5528h agoThe Dubrovin dual of a Hurwitz Frobenius manifold extends naturally to an F-manifold with compatible flat connection on the universal curve.
5528h agoKinks connecting zero and nonzero equilibria in the NLS equation are orbitally stable in the time evolution of the NLS equation.
5528h agoThe geometric approach classifies non-autonomous Hamiltonian systems that are quartic in the dependent variables by their local behaviour at movable singularities, characterising them by their initial base points and Newton polygons.
5528h agoClassical continuous automorphisms of the torus have analytical formulae for Koopman modes and their decompositions associated with the partition of the torus into ergodic components.
5528h agoThe Hebbian Physics Network (HPN) framework uses a plastic transport geometry and local adaptation to organize physical transport processes, ensuring thermodynamic stability and conservation.
5528h agoThe diffusion coefficient in a time-dependent oval-shaped billiard initially remains constant but then decays, suppressing unlimited growth of velocity, and this behavior follows scaling laws with critical exponents.
5528h agoFinite-dimensional systems describing invariant solutions of partial differential equations inherit local Hamiltonian operators through invariant reduction, which endows the reduced systems with Poisson bivectors that relate constants of motion to symmetries.
5528h agoA frustration parameter introduced into the Vicsek-Kuramoto model leads to a transition from synchronized states to a resting hexagonal lattice with spatiotemporal patterns when the frustration exceeds a critical point.
5528h agoCurved neural networks implement a self-regulating annealing process that accelerates memory retrieval and exhibit explosive order-disorder phase transitions, enhancing memory capacity and robustness over classical networks.
5528h agoThe quantum sinh-Gordon model on multi-sheeted Riemann surfaces uses composite branch-point twist operators to help compute entanglement entropies, and this work develops a technique for computing form factors of these operators in the semiclassical approximation.
5528h agoAgent-Based-Model informed Neural Networks (ABM-NNs) leverage restricted graph neural networks and hierarchical decomposition to learn interpretable, structure-preserving dynamics consistent with the principles of agent-based models.
5528h agoA proximity effect in a tunnel junction between a superconductor and a ferromagnetic layer causes a second-order phase transition between uniform and non-uniform magnetic states.
5528h agoPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) can identify key rheological parameters of granular materials and reconstruct pressure fields using data from a simple experiment called the granular column collapse.
5528h agoA novel renormalization group method reveals that a new order parameter emerges in spin glass models, describing how spin configurations change across different length scales.
5528h agoDisorder stabilizes Wigner crystals to higher temperatures and densities by suppressing gapless excitations, and causes the melting transition in two dimensions to occur through spatial coexistence of solid-like and liquid-like regions.
5528h agoCurved neural networks implement a self-regulating annealing process that accelerates memory retrieval and exhibit explosive order-disorder phase transitions, enhancing memory capacity and robustness over classical networks.
5528h agoA three-dimensional vectorial extension of the Hopfield associative-memory model produces memories with superior storage and retrieval performance, especially with high connectivity.
5528h agoFeynman diagrams help compute free energy in systems with many interacting stochastic parts, enabling new insights into problems such as high-dimensional statistics and complex networks.
5528h agoFinding near-ground states of certain disordered quantum systems is impossible for most quantum algorithms because of a link between quantum learning theory and algorithmic hardness.
5528h agoThe low-temperature dynamics of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model have a mixing time that grows exponentially with the system size.
5528h agoType II spiral ganglion neurons have distinct biophysical features, including an inactivating potassium current and weaker sodium currents, that set them apart from type I neurons and suggest they play a role in detecting cochlear damage or modulating efferent feedback.
5528h agoCognitively resilient rats with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology have distinct neuronal patterns, including fewer but more stable neurons, that are linked to maintained cognition, independent of amyloid and tau levels.
5528h agoThe NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network uses a digital twin platform to manage and integrate data from human brain tissue across 11 laboratories, enabling the generation of a reference brain cell atlas.
5528h agoThe human claustrum's structure can be reliably mapped in a living brain using high-resolution MRI, especially its core and major connections.
5528h agoDifferences in brain activity, particularly in the central gray area, predict behavioral responses to stressors and characterize an individual's stress coping style.
5528h agoVCAP-102 consistently mediates stronger and more widespread whole-brain transduction than AAV9, and is a highly promising candidate for future systemically delivered AAV-based gene therapies.
5528h agoA specific subpopulation of neurons in the hypothalamic anterior preoptic area is necessary and sufficient for inducing deep torpor, a state of profound hypometabolism and hypothermia, in hibernating Syrian hamsters.
5532h agoSynuclein aggregates form in dopaminergic neurons and cause their degeneration, and then spread to connected brain regions.
5532h agoNeurexins regulate the survival and formation of inhibitory synapses of midbrain dopamine neurons, but not their basic development or axonal terminal structure.
5536h agoMyelin sheaths are remodeled through a process where microglia and astrocytes extract myelinoid bodies connected to the sheaths by long tethers, preserving sheath integrity.
5536h agoA novel drug that activates a specific receptor for the neuropeptide PACAP prevents long-term mood and motivational problems caused by mild traumatic brain injury by restoring normal brain activity and signaling.
5536h agoA protein called CD44 on astrocytes interacts with another protein called osteopontin on microglia to promote changes that contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
5536h agoOlder adults' brains can be grouped into distinct profiles that show different patterns of cognitive and emotional aging, with some profiles showing improved emotional wellbeing despite declining cognition.
5536h agoThe dentate gyrus helps to convert overlapping experiences into separate memory traces by enhancing the discrimination of similar inputs through rate-based modulation in the CA3 region.
5536h agoStructural connectivity imposes a robust yet regionally variable constraint on functional connectivity in the mouse cortex, with strong coupling in primary sensorimotor areas and weaker coupling in association areas.
5536h agoThe acquisition delay in a type of brain imaging called 1H-FID-MRSI causes errors in metabolite estimates, but a reconstruction method called Backward-Linear-Prediction can reduce these errors and make estimates more consistent across different imaging acquisitions.
5536h agoThe study used a new imaging technique to measure glucose metabolism in rat brains, finding that the oxidative flux rates were 0.27 mol/g/min in the hippocampus and 0.40 mol/g/min in the striatum.
5536h agoChanges in dynamic functional connectivity of the brain are strongly linked to behavioral and cognitive functions, and a new model called BRAINMAP can accurately diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by identifying robust biomarkers.
5536h agoLRRK2 mutations cause changes in protein and phospho-protein levels in skin fibroblasts, affecting mitochondrial energy, ribosomal protein synthesis, and the mTOR pathway.
5536h agoThe medial thalamus contains distinct groups of pain-sensing neurons that are activated by acute and chronic pain, and these neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions and express opioid receptors.
5536h agoTau protein redistribution to the soma enables interactions with the nucleus, changing chromatin organization and gene expression, leading to upregulation of stress response pathways and downregulation of cholesterol metabolic genes.
5536h agoElectroconvulsive therapy promotes robust and sustained motor recovery in a Parkinson's disease mouse model by inducing dopaminergic axonal sprouting, restoring striatal circuitry, and enhancing mitochondrial energy production.
5536h agoA new search algorithm helps uncover known and novel molecular variants from mass spectrometry data, enabling insights into natural product biosynthesis.
5540h agoAUTOENCODIX benchmarks diverse autoencoder architectures in biological molecular profiling data, enabling insights from complex, multi-layered data.
5540h agoSciSciGPT is an open-source AI collaborator that automates workflows, supports diverse analytical approaches, and enhances reproducibility in the science of science domain.
5540h agoAUTOENCODIX, an open-source framework, enables a reproducible comparison of different types of autoencoders.
5540h agoA new model shows that loss of limb control, unclear sensory input, residual pain, and preamputation pain may contribute to the emergence and persistence of phantom limb pain.
5540h agoThe brain's master clock controls the priority between competing social instincts through a circuit that links the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the medial prefrontal cortex, allowing social behaviors to align with the body's reproductive system.
5540h agoWhite-matter BOLD signals in the brain mediate the connections between gray-matter areas, and their changing patterns closely track fluctuations in how these areas interact with each other.
5540h agoDopamine neurons are activated by behaviors such as sniffing and exploration, not by novelty itself, and their activity is controlled by input from the mediodorsal pons.
5540h agoEarly life sleep is positively associated with longevity, and restoring sleep early in life increases longevity, in flies.
5540h agoNeuronal APOE4 expression causes damaging lipid accumulation in brain cells, which leads to neurodegeneration through interactions between neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
5540h agoMosaic DEPDC5 loss-of-function leads to early death, reduced body and head size, seizure-like behavior, and neuronal hyperexcitability in a zebrafish model.
5540h agoThe nervous system controls extracellular field potential changes in response to sensory input, which in turn alter neural firing patterns and behavioral responses.
5540h agoDeleting or silencing the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase in astrocytes reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms and pathology in mice by preserving synaptic structure and function, and reducing neuroinflammation and Aβ pathology.
5540h agoNKCC1 controls KCC2 membrane stability through a dynamic balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and this regulatory mechanism can be targeted with peptides to restore chloride homeostasis in epilepsy.
5540h agoExcitatory shaft synapses have a similar molecular composition to dendritic spine synapses, but with lower levels of certain scaffold proteins, and they actively participate in synaptic transmission with activity-dependent modulation.
5540h agoEngineered proximity labeling enzyme TurboID tags proteins at the neuronal membrane, allowing detection of changes in protein expression and localization in awake behaving animals within short timeframes.
5540h agoSocial isolation causes sex-specific changes in behavior and gene expression in brain, with females showing increased sugar consumption through a gene called takeout, which has opposite effects in males and females.
5540h agoEpilepsy is linked with cognitive decline, psychiatric disorders, and repetitive behaviors, and machine learning analysis reveals that epileptic mice develop fragile and dispersed behavioral networks.
5540h agoGhrelin boosts motivation for food and small rewards by enhancing connections between the hypothalamus and the striatum and increasing dopamine release.
5540h agoThe ALL-GCL dataset provides recordings of light-evoked responses from over 80,000 cells in the mouse retina, along with metadata and cell-type-specific information, offering a comprehensive reference for studying retinal computation.
5540h agoGene supplementation with the wild-type Eif2b5 gene in astrocytes improves motor skills and central nervous system pathology in mice with Vanishing White Matter disease.
5540h agoThe synaptic transcriptome, which is the collection of mRNAs at synapses, shows diversity across different brain regions and neuron types, with specific mRNAs enriched at synapses and actively trafficked and sorted to maintain protein copy number.
5540h agoSPLASH, a new framework for analyzing brain activity, delivers more accurate and reliable results than existing methods by adapting to the brain's organization and providing better control over false discoveries.
5540h agoThe medial temporal lobe atlas (MTL200) provides a surface-based map of the boundaries of key memory-related regions, including the temporopolar, entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortex.
5540h agoIncreasing the number of faces to identify disrupts people's ability to accurately read expressions on dynamic faces, but not on static faces.
5540h agoThe brain's neural systems generate behaviors that can be comprehensively profiled through animal pose analysis, but a common tracking standard is needed to compare measurements across labs.
5540h agoEpitranscriptomic profiling across human brain regions and developmental stages reveals region-specific and age-specific dynamics, enrichment in disease-associated genes, and colocalization with disease risk loci.
5548h agoPsychedelic states induced by DMT and harmine lead to a reorganization of brain activity characterized by accelerated neural dynamics, increased state transitions, and a more structured sequence of neural states.
5548h agoOlder adults' tendency to rely on context leads to false seeing, where they report expected objects based on context rather than what is actually present, due to age-related declines in visual perception.
5548h agoA new approach using a laminar neural probe and a self-supervised learning model constructs an interpretable 2-D map of brain states from neural recordings, separating states of consciousness, such as awake and anesthetized, in rats, pigs, and humans.
5548h agoEpigenetic changes in the hippocampus, particularly dysregulation of histone tail post-translational modifications, are associated with age-related cognitive decline.
5548h agoLow-amplitude spikes provide similar levels of information as high-amplitude spikes when considering prior information from past spiking, despite providing less information when considered alone.
5552h agoThe human visual system's cortical magnification factor shows non-uniform spatial resolution across the visual field, and a new pipeline accurately quantifies this factor from retinotopic maps, revealing new patterns and individual differences.
5552h agoA new framework called Multi-Path Aggregation (MPA) accurately predicts individual neurons' responses and spatial functional properties in the brains of flies during complex visual tasks.
5552h agoMemory-Amortized Inference (MAI) unifies learning and memory as phase transitions of a single geometric substrate, allowing for more efficient cognition by converting complex search into simple lookup.
5552h agoThe Neural Koopman Machine (NKM) forecasts cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease by integrating multimodal data, outperforming traditional machine learning methods and deep learning models.
5552h agoMemory is stored as statistics that are repeatedly summarized and compressed to make room for new input, allowing us to accommodate unbounded sensory input within bounded memory.
5552h agoProlonged alcohol use leads to changes in brain connectivity patterns that are linked to alcohol use disorder characteristics, including drinking habits, family history, and urgency.
5552h agoThe Asynchronous Bioplausible Neuron (ABN) mechanism helps Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to efficiently process visual data by auto-adjusting to changes in the input signal, leading to better image classification and segmentation, neural equilibrium, and energy efficiency.
5552h agoHuman intelligence is creating new artificial forms of intelligence and guiding their development, leading to a close interplay between human and artificial intelligence that is changing both.
5552h agoQuasi-static analog deep neural networks can infer with nearly zero energy cost, but training requires energy proportional to the number of parameters and dataset size.
5552h agoImagination networks in humans share a similar structural organization across different populations, but differ fundamentally from those generated by large language models.
5552h agoCirculance measures the regularity or irregularity of time series data and positions it on a spectrum from regularity to randomness.
5552h agoThe anisotropy of one-dimensional wave equations limits their physical completeness, but they can be made isotropic through a temporal and spatial extension, which is done for the Burgers and Korteweg-de Vries equations.
5552h agoA new two-dimensional lattice model with anisotropic Hubbard interactions is constructed that is strictly solvable and integrable, with exact eigenvalues and a local Hamiltonian that features anisotropic hopping and orbital-coupling contributions.
5552h agoNondegenerate dark-bright-bright solitons in a three-component Manakov model have four distinct branches with different density profiles and phase distributions.
5552h agoMultidimensional multiplicative Poisson vertex algebra is introduced as a generalization of multiplicative Poisson vertex algebra to a difference algebra with commuting shifts.
5552h agoA system's agency comes from its intrinsic dynamics, which form a self-referential loop that allows it to autonomously regulate its internal states and generate goals.
5552h agoThe study finds new exact solutions to two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations, expressed in quadratures or elementary functions, using methods of generalized and functional separation of variables.
5552h agoDelay plays a key role in the emergence or disappearance of deterministic chaos in the Miles-Krasnopolskaya system, and changes in delay can lead to changes in the types of attractors.
5552h agoA mathematical framework solves a type of inverse problem by using a pseudoinverse operator or reconstructing kernel Hilbert spaces with radial basis functions to determine dwell times from measurement data.
5552h agoDeformations of a genus one Riemann surface that preserve the periods of a second-order Abelian differential are governed by a second-order ordinary differential equation with rational coefficients.
5552h agoHyperelliptic curves can be deformed in a way that keeps certain periods of a meromorphic differential constant, with the deformations defined by functions with rational coefficients.
5552h agoConflict-averse centrism can unintentionally help authoritarianism succeed in polarized political conflicts by creating a stable coalition that excludes democratic resistance.
5552h agoAn experiment at a laser facility in Spain studied radioisotope production using the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration method and found that solitons drive the plasma toward charge neutrality.
5552h agoFractal and multifractal analysis of brain tissues reveals notable structural alterations associated with Parkinson's disease, offering potential for quantitative staging and diagnostic applications.
5552h agoThin sheets can spontaneously crumple from a flat state driven by surface energy when gently compressed while weakly adhered to a substrate.
5552h agoStatistical mechanics can derive macroscopic properties from microscopic motion by uncovering a common probabilistic structure, called concentration of measure, in Hamiltonian dynamics of isolated systems.
5552h agoSymmetry and exact coherent structures organize spontaneous flow reversals in a 2D active nematic confined to a periodic channel through a low-dimensional network of invariant solutions and their manifolds.
5552h agoA new multiparametric framework combining fractal and multifractal analysis can detect microstructural alterations in brain tissue affected by Alzheimer's disease, providing a promising foundation for early diagnosis.
5552h agoDust particles with inertia in compressible turbulence form extreme density inhomogeneities and cluster through shock trapping, but as inertia increases, they transition to quasi-ballistic dynamics, reducing density fluctuations.
5552h agoThe Markov length diverges at the critical point of the Domany-Kinzel model, and local reversibility is preserved within the active phase.
5552h agoPeriodic modulation of waveguide arrays with disclination leads to the appearance of Floquet modes bound to the disclination core, which can remain localized below a critical power threshold.
5552h agoMaximising social welfare requires a different incentive approach than minimising cost or promoting cooperation frequency in autonomous agents.
5552h agoThe modified affine Toda model provides a consistent framework for fermion-soliton interactions, where the fermion-soliton energy is proportional to the soliton's topological charge.
5552h agoBinary mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates can be described by a single nonlinear equation that captures their dynamics.
5552h agoFront propagation into unstable states acts as a selection mechanism in complex systems, with progress reviewed on related questions and open problems identified.
5552h agoA new methodology uses entropy and clustering to identify systems likely to experience chaotic itinerancy and finds quasi-stable states and chaotic transitions in these systems.
5552h agoChaotic models can produce reliable and error-free time series, with unlimited predictability horizon, using analytic computation.
5552h agoSpace resonances, where wave packets share the same group velocity and remain co-located, govern long-lived interactions and explain observed features in weakly nonlinear dispersive wave systems.
5552h agoHamiltonian systems that satisfy the Lagrange identity have additional tensor invariants beyond the basic ones existing for all Hamiltonian systems.
5552h agoStochasticity slows down the rotation of spiral waves in excitable media through two second-order effects: instantaneous heterogeneity and orbital drift.
5552h agoTau functions of the KP hierarchy satisfy an addition formula that expresses shifts of a tau function in terms of Wronskian determinants of wave functions.
5552h agoOptimal green-time allocation balances lane-level vehicle densities through a developed two-lane traffic flow model and a distributed model predictive control framework.
5552h agoInvariant tori in coupled phase oscillator networks deform under forced symmetry breaking and can give rise to new stable synchrony patterns that form building blocks of larger global structures.
5552h agoBogoliubov waves in Bose-Einstein Condensates interact nonlinearly and trigger turbulent cascades, and a new Kolmogorov-like stationary spectrum for short Bogoliubov waves is derived.
5552h agoThe Bennett profile's nonlinearity can be transferred to plasma flow velocity, resulting in a flowing Z-pinch equilibrium with a vortical flow that meets the validity criterion for shear-flow stabilization under certain temperature profile constraints.
5552h agoThe two-photon Dicke model exhibits a phase transition from a normal to a superradiant phase and displays spectral collapse.
5552h agoBidirectional nonlinear optical tomography (BNOT) method breaks the degeneracy of input and output coupling efficiencies, allowing for accurate estimation of individual interface efficiencies and unbiased characterization of on-chip nonlinear performance.
5552h agoA one-dimensional quantum droplet exhibits a transition to Anderson localization above a certain critical disorder strength, showing anomalous diffusions ranging from superdiffusion to subdiffusion.
5552h agoThe connection between artificial neural networks and spin-glass physics reveals shared structures that bridge statistical physics and machine learning.
5552h agoA new technique using a Fiber Bragg Grating sensor measures particle velocities in dense granular gases by detecting strain pulses from particle collisions, allowing for the extraction of velocity distributions.
5552h agoThe edge-aware graph attention model accurately predicts relaxed atomic structures of high-entropy systems, such as chemically complex materials, by integrating chemical and geometric information with a multi-head self-attention mechanism.
5552h agoNon-Hermitian photonics reveals jumps between distant lattice regions in disordered optical lattices, and complex spectrum-induced Anderson jumps in two dimensions.
5552h agoDisorder increases the interaction between exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor quantum well embedded in a microcavity.
5552h agoNeural networks have connected low-loss paths between basins of attraction, but optimization dynamics stay in one convex basin because entropic barriers created by curvature and noise block exploration of intermediate points.
5552h agoA single-band tight-binding Hamiltonian on a self-similar corral substrate generates non-diffusive localized modes with a hierarchical distribution.
5552h agoThe jamming behavior of two-dimensional porous aggregates made of cohesive disks depends on their initial structure, with a clear jamming transition occurring at a critical packing fraction that varies with the aggregate morphology.
5552h agoA neural network correctly identifies the critical temperatures of 2D antiferromagnetic Potts models with 2 to 6 states, and suggests that the 3-state model is critical only at zero temperature and the 4, 5, and 6-state models remain disordered at all temperatures.
5552h agoDisorder in a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger waveguide lattice can be engineered to create multiple topological Anderson insulator phases with precisely controlled number and width.
5552h agoSpatial extensions of many-species population dynamics models exhibit scale-free correlation functions of population sizes when there are an infinite number of species.
5552h agoDressed fermions in a triplet superconductor exist in two types: a stable coherent state with slow decay in dilute disorder, and an incoherent state with fast decay and increased decoherence in enriched disorder.
5552h agoConvolutional neural networks efficiently analyze phase states in spin system models, reducing errors and capturing complex correlations between thermodynamic characteristics and magnetic system structures.
5552h agoNon-Hermitian systems exhibit exotic wave-packet dynamics, including a group velocity governed by both real and imaginary parts of the band structure, self-induced Bloch oscillations, disorder-free jumps, and temporal Goos--H\"{a}nchen shifts at the edge.
5552h agoA repulsive Coulomb impurity can pin a quasihole and stabilize a fractional quantum Hall state, but a quasihole can be thermally ionized from the impurity at finite temperatures.
5552h agoA variational Monte Carlo framework using Kolmogorov-Arnold networks constructs universal neural-network wavefunction ansätze for trapped one-dimensional mixtures of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermions, achieving arbitrary accuracy limited by Monte Carlo sampling.
5552h agoProbabilistic Approximate Optimization Algorithm (PAOA) enables fast sampling on Ising machines and probabilistic computers by iteratively modifying network couplings guided by cost evaluations.
5552h agoOscillatory Neural Networks solve Sudoku puzzles by encoding the problem through a graph-embedding and using natural dynamics of coupled oscillators to find a solution.
5552h agoA versatile approach combining disorder and a static electric field allows for manipulation of skin-mode localization in two-dimensional non-Hermitian lattices.
5552h agoRestricted Boltzmann Machines can efficiently handle highly structured datasets when trained with a pre-training phase and a novel sampling strategy called Parallel Trajectory Tempering.
5552h agoMelting from a solid to a liquid in two dimensions proceeds through a hexatic phase with both continuous and discontinuous transitions.
5552h agoIlluminating 2D materials with polarized light can drive quantum phase transitions, and an experiment using a quantum gas in a driven quasiperiodic optical lattice observes an interlaced phase diagram of localization-delocalization phase transitions.
5552h agoPrior knowledge helps shape visual perception in both younger and older adults, and this ability remains robust in older adulthood despite age-related sensory decline.
5552h agoA novel automated computational framework analyzes dendritic spines in dense dendritic networks, capturing subtle variations in spine shapes and offering a nuanced understanding of their roles in synaptic function.
5552h agoThe integration of microscale ion-channel dynamics and macroscale network behavior in a mouse brain model reveals that calcium, sodium, and potassium parameters shape global dynamic regimes and that the response to external stimuli is highly sensitive to calcium concentrations.
5556h agoGraph neural networks help optimize complex upconverting nanoparticle heterostructures by revealing photophysical design rules through gradient-based optimization.
5564h agoSleep disturbance and repetitive sensorimotor behaviours are strongly linked in people with autism, and sleep problems make these behaviours worse in autistic people more than in others.
5564h agoDifferent pathogens trigger distinct sickness states by engaging different cell types and brain circuits, leading to unique changes in behavior, physiology, and brain activity.
5564h agoA new analysis pipeline reliably detects planar waves in EEG recordings by extracting genuine oscillatory activity, fitting a spherical wave model, and identifying stable waves.
5564h agoInhibitory neurons can excite their neighbors electrically while inhibiting their downstream targets chemically, and they coordinate their spike timing to produce a specific pattern that enhances their inhibitory effect on their target cells.
5564h agoMultiple sclerosis causes changes in the properties of peripheral autonomic neurons, leading to altered bladder function and potentially contributing to neurogenic bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction.
5564h agoMales and females with a model of schizophrenia reach similar prefrontal inhibitory deficits through different molecular pathways.
5564h agoHabituation to irrelevant stimuli develops early in infancy and changes with age, with older infants in their first year of life habituating more rapidly to auditory stimuli.
5564h agoThe striatum directly controls specific ongoing movements by encoding the preparation and execution of actions through specific ensembles of medium spiny neurons.
5564h agoN-acetyl cysteine (NAC) improves cognitive performance and restores growth and connectivity of cortical projection neurons by activating antioxidant defense and neuronal growth genes, rather than restoring normal cell states or gene expression.
5564h agoAndrogen signaling shapes the human brain development by changing transcription, cell populations, and epigenetic landscapes in a genetic background-dependent manner.
5564h agoA multimodal large language model effectively predicts brain responses to movie stimuli, especially in temporal, medial parietal, and lateral frontal areas, and links brain activity to cognitive performance.
5564h agoHigh-density diffuse optical tomography can recover detailed semantic representations from naturalistic movies, mapping how the brain represents meaning in real-world contexts.
5564h agoCerebral arterial stiffening partially explains the effect of age on frontal grey matter volume decline, especially in females.
5564h agoSocially-laden stimuli slightly modulate brain excitation and inhibition in adults, and people with better social function tend to have higher levels of a certain brain chemical called glutamate when at rest.
5564h agoTranscranial focused ultrasound has a location-specific subthreshold modulatory effect on the brain, and when combined with transcranial direct current stimulation, it can evoke cortical target-location specific activity.
5564h agoTaking a placebo described as an antipsychotic improves cognition by changing self-representations, enhancing arousal and attention, and weakening the binding of experience to reality.
5564h agoInfants as young as 8 months old can connect touch and sight to focus their attention, but 5-month-old infants do not have this ability.
5568h agoPeople with multiple sclerosis have altered excitation and inhibition balance in the visuomotor network, which disrupts normal brain function and contributes to disease progression.
5568h agoSpreading depolarizations can promote seizure-like events by causing a wave of neuronal excitation that reaches the epileptic focus, and then suppress epileptic activity when they spread through the focus.
5568h agoThe brain's left and right hemispheres have different functional connections, and a new metric called Pattern Dissimilarity of Hemispheric Functional Connectivity (PDHC) measures this asymmetry in a way that captures its complex patterns.
5568h agoInfant microbiome composition and behavioral responses to maternal unpredictability help explain variation in human behavioral development, with infant visual orienting behaviour linked to gut microbial profiles and neuroactive gene synthesis.
5568h agoA spiking neural network model of the ascending tactile pathway efficiently encodes and transforms tactile information from skin receptors to cortical neurons, enabling robust neural representations and real-time processing.
5568h agoA fully implantable wireless optogenetic device delivers targeted stimulation to the brain and generates artificial perception in mice.
5572h agoReproducible cortical firing patterns arise from hierarchical modular networks shaped by distance-dependent connectivity, not attractor dynamics, suggesting the cortex is prewired for scaffold coordination and learning.
5572h agoEnergy-based models can be extended to asymmetric neural systems, revealing a game-theoretic structure where each neuron seeks to minimize its own energy.
5576h agoA new framework called SSDLabeler generates realistic, annotated semi-synthetic EEG data that improves the accuracy of artifact classification across diverse conditions.
5576h agoMusical attention can be decoded using a lightweight EEG device, enabling the tracking of listeners' attention and perceptual focus during natural music listening experiences.
5576h agoA few million words are enough for children to learn language, and brain activity shows that linguistic features are represented across the cortex, evolving with age as faster phonetic features appear early and slower word-level representations develop later.
5576h agoA curvature-based geometric formulation of the Euler-Poisson equations reveals a pure-precession regime with constant tilt angle and uniform precession for specific inertia ratios.
5576h agoThe classical limit of a nonlinear semiclassical hybrid system is characterized by a pure density matrix representing a single state that reproduces classical dynamics.
5576h agoSub-Riemannian structures with $n$ parameters can be constructed on compact Lie groups, and their normal geodesic lines can be described on these groups and on homogeneous spaces.
5576h agoIncreasing stratification in turbulent flows leads to a reduction in chaotic dynamics, causing uncertainty to grow more slowly along the stratification direction than horizontally.
5576h agoA bimodal light field envelope in a medium with competing nonlinearities forms dynamically stable stationary states with two distinct flat-top regions, representing half-vortices with different intensities and topological charges.
5576h agoA new framework, called Agent-Based-Model informed Neural Networks (ABM-NNs), helps design neural networks that follow the underlying principles of complex systems, enabling more interpretable and structure-preserving dynamics.
5576h agoThe dynamics of inertial particles in turbulence follow a Markov process across the inertial range, enabling a coarse-grained description through a Fokker-Planck equation.
5576h agoCells differentiate into multiple types through three major processes - chaotic oscillations, channeled annealing, and rapid quenching - which achieve robustness to external perturbations by using different dynamics and gene regulation networks.
5576h agoThe introduction of gauged Lagrangian 1-forms extends Lagrangian 1-forms to gauge theories, yielding a multiform version of the 3d mixed BF action and providing a variational formulation of Hitchin's integrable system.
5576h agoA new training algorithm for binary neural networks enables these networks to achieve test accuracy improvements of up to 35.47% over existing solutions, while reducing computational cost and memory usage.
5576h agoBinary Error Propagation (BEP) enables end-to-end binary training for neural networks, including recurrent architectures, by propagating binary error signals through multiple layers using only bitwise operations.
5576h agoEnergy-based models can be extended to asymmetric neural systems, revealing a game-theoretic structure where each neuron seeks to minimize its own energy.
5576h agoA new equation of state accurately describes the behavior of hard sphere fluids across stable and metastable density ranges.
5576h agoA mean-field model predicts that glasses under oscillatory driving forces exhibit an oscillatory yielding transition, characterized by a change from absorbing to diffusive microscopic trajectories and large-scale hysteresis.
5576h agoA simple two-dimensional model of particles interacting through a double-well potential can produce complex patterns found in amorphous substances, including medium- or long-range order and local polycrystallinity.
5576h agoMachine learning models can learn physical concepts, but their interpretability is challenging; a hybrid tensor-neural network exactly expresses a real space topological invariant and its trainability and generalization are rigorously assessed.
5576h agoThe spleen contributes to neutrophil production after a stroke, and inhibiting the protein S100A8/A9 reduces inflammation and improves recovery.
5580h agoAAV2-retro virus injected into the inner ear successfully labels the lateral olivocochlear (LOC) pathway, but also causes off-target transfection in the brain and contralateral cochlea, with the extent of contralateral transfection depending on animal age and virus dosage.
5580h agoSerotonin has different effects on various types of neurons in the prefrontal cortex, suppressing excitation and facilitating inhibition through cell type-specific receptor mechanisms.
5604h agoThe mTORC1 pathway regulates learning-induced protein translation and cortical plasticity in layer 5b neurons, contributing to learning and memory.
5604h agoVagus nerve stimulation paired with extinction reshapes brain circuits to reduce drug seeking by decreasing some neural connections and increasing others.
5608h agoScouter, a lightweight AI method, predicts genome-wide transcriptional responses to single- and two-gene perturbations with higher accuracy than leading approaches.
5620h agoChemAHNet, a deep learning model, predicts stereoselectivity and absolute configurations in the asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins with two prochiral centers.
5620h agoMicroglial activation mediates the loss of astrocytic AQP4 polarization caused by beta-adrenergic receptor activation.
5628h agoFKBP51 regulates cellular stress responses and its deletion reduces seizure activity, neuronal loss, and astrogliosis in a mouse model of epilepsy.
5632h agoFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy and graph theory analysis reveal that high performing individuals have low functional connectivity strength and high efficiency in the prefrontal cortex, while low performing individuals have high modularity and low efficiency, during spoken word processing.
5632h agoFlavonoids (diosmine, hesperidin, and rutin) protect the brain and duodenum against inflammation and oxidative stress caused by 3-NPA, a compound that mimics Huntington's disease.
5632h agoA spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human basal ganglia reveals region-selective diversification of cell types, distinct molecular identities, and spatial localizations across ~7 million cells.
5632h agoGeneral anesthesia works by targeting specific brain cells and neural circuits distributed throughout the brain to produce immobility, discoordination, and anti-nociception.
5632h agoCLN7 disease causes region-dependent brain changes, including atrophy, hypometabolism, and neuroinflammation, in Japanese macaques, and these changes are similar to those found in humans with the disease.
5632h agoMucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA mice with the Arg245His mutation show spatial memory and learning deficits, accumulate brain heparan sulfate, and exhibit brain pathology, recapitulating key characteristics of the human disorder.
5632h agoLemborexant treatment reduces infarct volume and promotes recovery by stabilizing sleep in a rodent model of stroke.
5632h agoChanges in sustained attention modulate the occurrence and timing of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, which are more frequent during high-attention periods but show increased endogenous coordination during low-attention periods.
5632h agoA database of over 1,000 biologically grounded neuron models is presented, enabling the development of artificial neural networks that mimic the diversity of real brain cells.
5632h agoLanguage comprehension relies on a network of brain areas that extract information from linguistic input, while a separate network responds to task demands to determine the appropriate response.
5632h agoVagal cardiac mechanoreceptors play a key role in maintaining blood circulation by compensating for decreased blood volume and heartbeat changes.
5632h agoCannabidiol decreases the excitability of certain neurons in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region involved in anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders.
5632h agoThe brain's memory structure reflects its underlying connectivity, with stronger memory effects present during wakefulness than deep sleep, indicating richer inter-regional dependencies and more integrated dynamics.
5632h agoHuman glial progenitor cells can be converted into neurons that survive for up to 10 months in mouse brains, mature structurally and functionally, and integrate into brain circuits.
5632h agoThe accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipofuscin in the brain causes Northern epilepsy, a disease characterized by progressive seizures, cognitive impairment, and motor decline.
5632h agoThe integrity of the locus coeruleus and its rate of degeneration predict tau deposition, attention changes, and memory decline in older adults with a risk of Alzheimer's disease.
5632h agoInternal selection in working memory is guided by a time-extended cortical process that resolves competition between goal-relevant and stimulus-driven information, rather than through rapid capture like external attention.
5632h agoHoney bees follow their own unique routes with high precision when flying between their hive and foraging locations, using visual information in different ways to navigate.
5636h agoThe insula communicates with the frontal cortex to promote attention, and this communication differs between males and females, with distinct patterns of brain activity associated with attention-guided behavior.
5636h agoTREK channels are expressed in intracardiac ganglion neurons and help control their excitability and cellular homeostasis.
5636h agoNLX-204 shows dose-dependent analgesic and anti-allodynic activity in two rat models of nociceptive/inflammatory pain.
5636h agoPhysiologic glucose and oxygen conditions impact the metabolic state and developmental progression of cortical cell types, with changes in nutrient accessibility affecting cell type-specific responses, fate, and metabolism.
5636h agoNerve injuries in early postnatal stages result in different outcomes than adult injuries because neuronal survival and regenerative capacity vary at different ages.
5636h agoAging leads to a decline in the oligodendrocyte lineage, marked by reduced NG2-glia population, cell cycle dysregulation, myelin debris accumulation, and selective loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes, particularly in highly myelinated regions.
5640h agoPthlh interneurons play a crucial role in cognitive processing by integrating local and long-range signals, and their inhibition impairs striatum-dependent cognitive functions and exploratory behavior.
5640h agoAcetylcholine plays a key role in shaping the brain's structure, particularly in the connection between the basal forebrain and other brain regions.
5640h agoHesitation, which is pausing in the face of uncertainty, is controlled by indirect pathway striatal neurons, not direct ones.
5644h agoReduced spontaneous activity in certain auditory nerve fibers leads to tinnitus-related hyperactivity in the brain.
5644h agoAI-generated images can help international students express their mental distress, with the effectiveness depending on the design of the prompts used to create the images.
5648h agoSpeech movements have a rhythmic organization, with a limit cycle structure underlying the motor activity of individual articulatory actions.
5648h agoTraining RNNs to reproduce behaviour, including errors and suboptimalities, allows for the automatic discovery of viable neural mechanisms that underpin cognition.
5648h agoAffordance processing in premotor regions drives action language understanding by engaging downstream parietal and temporal areas.
5648h agoInformation-theoretic measures reveal clear, stimulus-specific patterns in neural population dynamics that traditional variability metrics miss.
5648h agoA combinatorial neural code can be realized as a minor of a neural code arising from a representable oriented matroid, and researchers provide a complete characterization of covering relations within neural codes.
5648h agoRecurrent neural networks perform computations by dynamically warping their representations of task variables.
5648h agoA universal AI tutor remains elusive after decades of effort, but large language models may offer a solution.
5648h agoAssuming aliens with complex behavior are conscious is reasonable based on Copernican principles, but this assumption does not apply to robots designed to mimic conscious behavior, changing how we assess consciousness in aliens and robots.
5648h agoBrainPath, a new AI model, generates synthetic brain images that predict how an individual's brain will age, enabling personalized healthcare interventions.
5648h agoA common framework is created to map neuromodulation-based physiological closed-loop controllers, integrating FDA guidance, biomarker classification, and control systems theory to manage risk and guide device development.
5648h agoTissue conductivity representations that link macroscopic assumptions with microscopic tissue structure are needed for accurate simulations of electric fields in brain stimulation.
5648h agoThe mean-field formulation of a totalistic cellular automaton approximates the logistic equation only with an infinite-range neighborhood.
5648h agoBifurcation analysis of the FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator driven by a sinusoidal source reveals a 2D regime map with varied oscillatory dynamics, including unstable oscillations and distinct families of subharmonic limit cycles and chaos.
5648h agoThe dynamics near period-doubling bifurcations in the dissipative relativistic kicked rotator produce a power-law decay with a critical exponent of -1/2 and exhibit universality with one-dimensional unimodal maps.
5648h agoA uniform high frequency drive applied to a weakly-coupled discrete nonlinear resonator array can modulate the onsite stiffness and damping, allowing for active control of the nonlinear response and phonon dispersion relation.
5648h agoA unified contact-geometric framework describes the transition from periodic waves to localised solitons in the two-dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation, revealing that conserved contact potential governs the emergence of ordered patterns in dissipative media.
5648h agoSwarmalators exhibit swarming and synchronization behavior due to interactions of their positions and phases of oscillation, and a pseudo-force acting on their positions leads to transitions from active to static states.
5648h agoThe logistic map's dynamics can be distinguished in different regimes by using Fisher information and Cramer-Rao complexity, which vary with the map's behavior, including a maximum in Fisher information in regular behavior and a maximum in CR complexity near the Pomeau-Maneville scenario.
5648h agoA new computational model called GateMod links task structure to neural circuit architecture, providing a unified framework for understanding how natural intelligence composes acquired skills to plan and execute behaviors.
5648h agoChaotic dynamics in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals produce gravitational wave signals with broader frequency spectra, enhanced amplitude, and energy emission rate, which can be used to distinguish them from non-chaotic signals.
5648h agoTurbulence of weakly interacting waves shows universality, but transitions from weak to strong turbulence change its behavior, with nonlocality enhancing nonlinearity and affecting the relationship between pumping level and turbulence level.
5648h agoThe study investigates the theory of R-brackets, Baxter brackets, and Nijenhuis brackets in the Banach setting and their relation to Banach Poisson-Lie groups.
5648h agoBrownian motion models are used to study social and economic processes by simulating collective decision-making among interacting agents with discrete choices.
5648h agoA framework for topological soliton dynamics in trapped spinor superfluids reveals that spin corrections can change the direction of the total force on a soliton, enabling new types of motion in harmonic and other traps.
5648h agoThe Bennett profile's plasma number density can be redefined by transferring nonlinearity to plasma flow velocity, resulting in a vortical flow that meets the validity criterion for a shear-flow stabilized Z-pinch under certain temperature profile constraints.
5648h agoMean-motion resonances and their connections enable natural semi-major axis transport in the Earth-Moon system through ballistic pathways that achieve major orbit changes within reasonable times.
5648h agoThe study introduces multi-dimensional chaos, a concept that describes erratic functions of several dynamical variables, and applies it to classical and quantum scattering, finding that the eigenvalues of the S-matrix follow a specific distribution and that extrema spacings in a related electric potential follow certain statistical patterns.
5648h agoThe combination of quantum mechanics and classical chaos resolves Loschmidt's paradox, explaining how irreversible macroscopic evolution arises from time-reversible microscopic dynamics.
5648h agoThe junctions of hindered-rotation chains form networks with unique transport properties, where geodesics behave like Brownian motion and follow a new universality class of Euclidean first-passage percolation.
5648h agoThe kinetic framework proposes that the Stokes-Einstein relation breaks down in supercooled liquids because the effective collision diameter increases and then saturates, leading to cooperative motion governing the slowdown.
5648h agoMagnetic domain walls exhibit two types of dynamics, one controlled by disorder at low drive and the other governed by texture at high drive, and a crossover mechanism between them is established through experiments and simulations.
5648h agoThe circular current in Hubbard quantum rings decreases with increasing on-site repulsion, and its response to extended interaction depends on the electron filling factor.
5648h agoOhmic dissipation and quenched disorder combine to smear two out of three quantum phase transitions in the random quantum Ashkin-Teller model.
5648h agoA family of two-dimensional bipartite hyperbolic lattices hosts massless Dirac-like excitations that remain stable against weak point-like charge impurities but transition to a metallic state and eventually an Anderson insulator as disorder increases.
5648h agoDifferences between thermal and quantum annealing emerge for specific interaction networks, and quantum tunnelling produces qualitative differences in navigating a system toward the ground state.
5648h agoDopamine release in the ventromedial striatum integrates the initiation of actions with the estimation of spatial proximity to rewards.
5656h agoThe Human NVU Atlas reveals that Alzheimer's disease disrupts the neurovascular unit, particularly through vascular cell transcriptional hyperactivity, sex-specific vulnerabilities, and extracellular matrix disruptions.
5656h agoThe primate brain generates motion perception by computing velocity anew at each level of the cortical hierarchy, allowing it to efficiently encode a wide range of motion speeds.
5660h agoCombining a voltage-sensitive dye with a calcium indicator allows measuring neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in brain slices.
5660h agoThe brain uses a body-axis-anchored neural signal in the retrosplenial complex to help with navigation by encoding acceleration and alignment with the body's principal axes during goal-directed movements.
5660h agoThe left medial habenula plays a predominant role in modulating fear memories through gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor-mediated signaling.
5660h agoAuditory evoked potentials can be reliably recorded in real-life environments using a portable ear-EEG platform, even with short recording durations of 10 minutes or less.
5660h agoRe-expressing the SynGAP1 protein after development restores the structure and signaling dynamics of disrupted synaptic protein interaction networks in mice.
5660h agoAcute ethanol consumption impairs memory consolidation in satiated flies by switching their memory to a sleep-independent form that is then disrupted by ethanol-induced sedation.
5660h agoThe structure of the nAChR and rapsyn complex reveals a consistent, asymmetric 3:1 binding architecture where rapsyn is sandwiched between the MX-MA loops from two subunits, with phosphorylated tyrosines lodged in cationic pockets.
5660h agoAdolescent alcohol consumption impairs spatial recognition memory and reduces spine density in neurons connecting the prefrontal cortex to the mediodorsal thalamus.
5660h agoSenescent astrocytes in the hippocampus exhibit reduced synaptogenic capacity due to a loss of thrombospondin-1, leading to impaired excitatory synapse formation.
5660h agoMutations in DNM2 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy characterized by sensory and motor deficits, and increasing DNM2 activity does not improve symptoms in a mouse model of the disease.
5660h agoSpontaneous human brain activity during rest is structured by a deformable attractor manifold that allows for continuous deformation and reshaping of attractor geometry.
5660h agoThe brain needs awareness to use internal models to anticipate and reduce responses to predictable sensory input, and without awareness, the brain does not make this adjustment.
5660h agoDeepWonder3D, a pipeline for 3D neuronal extraction, rapidly and robustly extracts neuronal calcium dynamics from large-scale 3D imaging data with high fidelity, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.
5660h agoHippocampal replay events allow animals to use memories to plan future actions beyond their immediate surroundings.
5660h agoN-linked glycosylation of tau regulates its propagation and neuronal uptake by reprogramming tau-polyanion binding, seeding, and entry into human neurons.
5664h agoInfants as young as 3 months old can anticipate and prepare their own actions, displaying pupil dilation before initiating movements with a toy, which suggests the emergence of intentional action.
5664h agoDiabetes alters amacrine cell output to Rod Bipolar Cells, changing how calcium handling affects inhibitory signals.
5664h agoDownstream capillary pericytes actively regulate blood flow by contracting in a torsional manner, challenging the traditional view that they are passive conduits.
5664h agoKCNQ2 potassium channels play a crucial role in regulating electrical signals in the brain, and changes in the KCNQ2 gene can cause early life epilepsy and neurodevelopmental impairment.
5664h agoThe connection between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the retrosplenial cortex, a pathway important for memory and spatial navigation, is unaffected by amyloid-beta overexpression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
5664h agoMulti-PE acquisition with a 4-way PE scheme provides the most accurate and reproducible results for geometric alignment and microstructural estimates in high-resolution 7T diffusion MRI.
5664h agoThe lateral intraparietal area (LIP) integrates visual information with task demands to guide eye movements, and it has heterogeneous sensory and motor encoding with a strong post-saccadic motor signal.
5664h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex helps control attention by sending signals to the locus coeruleus, and activating this connection improves attention by enhancing discrimination through a specific brain circuit.
5664h agoGABA co-release at glycinergic synapses helps shape the functional synaptic architecture necessary for accurate sound localization by refining the properties of synaptic transmission.
5664h agoLarge language models can systematically and quantitatively synthesize neuroscientific knowledge across different brain regions, model organisms, and studies to identify patterns and insights that were previously unknown.
5664h agoThalamic engagement occurs early in seizure evolution, with the pulvinar subregion often activated first, and the mediodorsal subregion typically involved later, but crucially activated when seizures spread to the contralateral hemisphere.
5664h agoA gene therapy strategy using small nuclear RNAs restores normal pre-mRNA processing of key neuronal genes STMN2 and UNC13A, correcting mis-splicing caused by TDP-43 loss of function in ALS.
5664h agoBrief exposure to morphine in early life causes persistent changes in brain cells, leading to increased anxiety and aversion-related behaviors, especially in individuals with HIV.
5664h agoNeuropathic pain resolves without tissue or sensory neuron loss and is accompanied by distinct sex-specific changes in immune cells, satellite glial cells, and sensory neurons.
5664h agoLimbic structures in the brain send twice as many signals as they receive, both when people are awake and asleep.
5664h agoThe protein disulfide isomerase P4HB facilitates prion replication in cells by stabilizing the prion protein and potentially acting as a chaperone that directly modulates prion conversion.
5664h agoReward type and task complexity jointly influence learning and the shift from exploration to exploitation, with different reward modalities showing distinct behavioral dynamics.
5664h agoKYNA formation and synthesis inhibition change throughout the day, with higher KYNA levels and greater synthesis inhibition in the dark phase than in the light phase, and therapies targeting KYNA synthesis should consider time-dependent factors.
5664h agoDopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex play a critical role in initiating goal-directed movements, and their activation can drive targeted movement even in mice with dopamine depletion.
5664h agoHormonal changes during the menstrual cycle reorganize brain dynamics, with estradiol, progesterone, and age modulating multiple brain networks.
5664h agoThe hippocampus changes its coding of information throughout categorization training, representing critical events in a format that supports generalization of category membership.
5664h agoA new computational method called DENDRO enables the estimation of full 3D voltage across an entire dendritic tree over time, by combining 3D anatomical information with 2D voltage video data.
5664h agoAdults with autism spectrum disorder conform as much as neurotypical adults to social norms driven by acceptance-seeking, but are less responsive to social cues driven by accuracy-seeking.
5664h agoThe human hippocampus plays a role in forming short-term auditory memory, processing auditory information before attention is paid, and interacting with other brain areas in a hierarchical manner.
5664h agoMOSAIC, a fMRI dataset aggregation framework, combines eight large-scale vision fMRI datasets from 93 subjects to create a robust resource for modeling human vision.
5664h agoStrategic adaptation to a changing environment works through hypothesis testing, where learners generate and refine ideas through practice, and this process leads to an efficiency-flexibility trade-off in motor learning.
5664h agoEarly activity during a critical period sets long-term intrinsic properties of neurons in a cell-type specific way, with excitatory and inhibitory interneurons showing opposite responses to optogenetic excitation or inhibition.
5664h agoThe hippocampus shows peaks in activity before event boundaries, which decrease as people learn event schemas, indicating that these peaks signal uncertainty about upcoming events.
5664h agoThe human heartbeat affects the acoustic features of the voice, and this heart-voice coupling may have been overlooked in laboratory phonology and bioacoustics despite its potential for cardiac monitoring and understanding vocal control.
5664h agoMacrophage regulation in multiple sclerosis models is controlled by key cytokine signaling pathways that govern myeloid cell behavior in neuroinflammation.
5668h agoCerebellar neurons encode the size and direction of motor errors, enabling the brain to rapidly adjust movements.
5668h agoBCNE, an unsupervised deep-learning method, reveals clear brain activity trajectories and distinguishes cognitive events, learning stages, and active versus passive movement more effectively than traditional data visualization methods.
5668h agoInfants as young as 3 months old can anticipate and prepare their own actions, displaying pupil dilation before initiating movements with a toy, and learn to predict the outcomes of their actions.
5668h agoThe brain's optimal performance is achieved by operating in a Griffiths phase, a state that balances robustness and flexibility, and allows for individual variability in neural dynamics and cognitive functions.
5672h agoNext-generation neural mass models provide a broader dynamical repertoire than classical models, allowing for the emergence of rich spatiotemporal patterns and cross-frequency coupling in large-scale brain dynamics.
5672h agoGoal shaping enables the best performance in a grid world navigation task, but it hampers learning about the environment's transition dynamics.
5672h agoSleep disorders need effective and widely accessible treatments, and non-invasive brain stimulation shows promise in promoting sleep enhancement.
5672h agoThe brain's synaptic network is best modeled by a mathematical system that captures the flow of interactions between neurons, and its thermodynamic properties reveal neurolocomotor neurons as primary hubs of incoming connections.
5672h agoA kernel similarity matching framework for generative modeling learns representations by maximizing similarity between input and latent kernels, potentially providing insights into how task representations are encoded in the brain.
5672h agoA new method infers a neuron's membrane voltage, biophysical parameters, and position relative to a probe using extracellular measurements.
5672h agoA new class of artificial neural networks unifies the computational principles of predictive coding and hierarchical Gaussian filtering, enabling the creation of modular architectures with complex hierarchical structures.
5672h agoParticles in a periodically modulated optical trap can exhibit transient chaos, leading to acceleration, ejection, and then return to the trap under the action of the Stokes force.
5672h agoExplosive synchronization occurs in Type-I neurons under certain conditions, specifically weak heterogeneity, on scale-free and star networks with complete and partial degree-frequency correlation.
5672h agoThe assist-as-needed control algorithm helps patients with mobility issues during rehabilitation by providing precise and adaptable support through an exoskeleton.
5672h agoOptical feedback dynamics in terahertz frequency combs generated from quantum cascade lasers exhibit clear bifurcation routes, transitioning from stable frequency comb operation to chaotic emission through period-one oscillations and higher-order bifurcations as feedback increases.
5672h agoA fiber-based platform allows for the manipulation of optical solitons, enabling precise control over their dynamics, including trapping, parametric excitation, and interactions, similar to the behavior of particles.
5672h agoCoupled chaotic Lorenz oscillators exhibit deterministic coherence and anti-coherence resonance phenomena when their coupling strength is varied, with both effects occurring simultaneously below a threshold value.
5672h agoOpinion dynamics in a population change from a bipolarized state to a consensus state as interaction thresholds vary, with more homogeneous populations tending to polarize and diverse populations reaching consensus sooner.
5672h agoA Z_2 topological bipolar skin effect exists in a non-Hermitian Rashba chain, where spin-up and spin-down eigenstates localize at opposite boundaries, and this effect is protected against moderate disorder but breaks down before Anderson localization occurs.
5672h agoThe energy gap of a one-dimensional random transverse-field Ising model follows a stretched exponential scaling under general independent and identical distributions of the exchange energies.
5672h agoIntroducing a hard threshold in the learning rule enhances memory of previous tasks in physical networks by confining tuning to specific areas, allowing multiple sequential tasks to be learned without erasing earlier solutions.
5672h agoA systematic approach based on the Anderson quantum model describes electrons in random lattices, covering both metallic and localized phases.
5672h agoThe Localization Landscape Theory does not accurately capture the critical properties of Anderson localization, as its percolation transition and the Anderson localization transition have different critical behaviors.
5672h agoThe high-order delta-Chebyshev method rapidly computes spectral densities of sparse Hamiltonians, achieving rapid convergence to the thermodynamic limit for smooth spectral densities.
5672h agoQuantum annealers have residual non-thermal effects that do not fit the assumed scaling law for effective temperature, and these effects remain even as the system size increases.
5672h agoThe bias-reversal symmetry holds if the local left-right bond-bias ratio is spatially uniform, and disorder at the site level breaks this symmetry through interaction with particles, while bond disorder preserves it.
5672h agoTwo new order parameters, probability distribution deviation and von Neumann entropy, reveal that localization transition and thermalization breakdown transition occur in the disordered Heisenberg model, with the latter preceding the former in interacting cases.
5672h agoThe vector nature of phonons does not affect the Anderson localization transition of phonons, according to a study that used a new phonon dynamical cluster approximation to investigate phonon localization in disordered media.
5672h agoA discontinuous percolation transition occurs in a bipartite network when nodes rewire their links to suppress the growth of neighboring clusters, resulting in a single macroscopic cluster with a finite fraction of nodes.
5672h agoThe brain's synaptic network is best modeled by a mathematical system that captures the flow of interactions between neurons, and its thermodynamic properties reveal neurolocomotor neurons as primary hubs of incoming connections.
5672h agoDiabetes alters amacrine cell output to Rod Bipolar Cells, changing how calcium handling affects the duration of inhibitory responses.
5680h agoDownstream capillary pericytes actively regulate blood flow by contracting in a torsional manner, challenging the traditional view that they are passive conduits.
5680h agoKCNQ2 potassium channels containing the subunit KCNQ2 regulate electrical signals in the brain related to sensation, learning, and motor control, and mutations in this subunit, such as the G256W variant, disrupt channel function and contribute to severe epilepsy and neurodevelopmental impairment.
5680h agoThe Alzheimer's disease-like pathology does not impair the connection between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the retrosplenial cortex in a mouse model.
5680h agoMulti-PE acquisition, especially a 4-way PE scheme, improves geometric accuracy and data reproducibility in high-resolution 7T diffusion MRI.
5680h agoThe lateral intraparietal area (LIP) integrates visual information with task demands to guide rapid eye movements, with neural units showing mixed sensory and motor encoding.
5680h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex helps control attention by sending signals to the locus coeruleus.
5680h agoGABA co-release at glycinergic synapses helps shape the functional synaptic architecture of sound localization pathways by refining synaptic transmission properties, but not circuit refinement.
5680h agoLarge language models can systematically synthesize neuroscientific knowledge across studies and species to identify patterns and insights about brain regions and their functions.
5680h agoThalamic engagement occurs early in seizure evolution, with the pulvinar subregion often activated first, and the mediodorsal subregion typically involved later, but crucially engaged when seizures spread to the contralateral hemisphere.
5680h agoA gene therapy strategy using small nuclear RNAs restores normal processing of key genes STMN2 and UNC13A, which are disrupted in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, thereby rescuing motor neuron function.
5680h agoBrief exposure to morphine in early life causes changes in brain cells that lead to anxiety and aversion-related behaviors, especially in individuals with HIV.
5680h agoScientists create an organoid biobank to study neurodevelopmental disorders.
5684h agoToxic protein disrupts normal brain function.
5684h agoTirzepatide affects brain activity in the NAc and reduces food preoccupation.
5684h agoRecurrence explains the findings. However I need a paragraph to work with. You only provided a few lines. Please provide a paragraph for me to work with. I will then create a single sentence summary.
5684h agoNature Neuroscience introduces two initiatives to promote quality, transparency, and inclusivity in peer review, enabling publication of peer review reports and author responses, and facilitating participation of early career researchers.
5684h agoNeuropathic pain resolution involves sex-specific changes in sensory neurons, satellite glial cells, and macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion, with males and females showing different immune responses and cellular interactions.
5684h agoLimbic structures in the brain send twice as many signals as they receive, both when people are awake and asleep.
5684h agoThe protein P4HB facilitates prion replication in cells by stabilizing the prion protein and potentially acting as a chaperone that directly modulates prion conversion.
5684h agoReward type and task complexity jointly influence learning and the transition from exploration to exploitation, with different reward modalities showing distinct behavioral dynamics.
5684h agoKYNA formation and synthesis inhibition change throughout the day, with higher KYNA levels and greater synthesis inhibition occurring in the dark phase than the light phase, and sleep deprivation increases KYNA levels.
5684h agoDopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex play a critical role in initiating goal-directed movements, and activating these neurons can drive targeted movement even in mice with dopamine depletion.
5684h agoHormonal changes during the menstrual cycle alter the organization of brain dynamics, and a new model-based approach can accurately predict menstrual cycle phases using brain activity.
5684h agoThe hippocampus changes its coding of information throughout categorization training, representing critical events in a format that supports generalization of category membership.
5684h agoA new computational method called DENDRO estimates 3D voltage across an entire dendritic tree by fusing anatomical information with 2D voltage video data.
5688h agoAdults with autism spectrum disorder conform less to social cues when seeking accuracy, but equally as much as neurotypical adults when seeking acceptance.
5688h agoThe human hippocampus is involved in forming short-term auditory memory, and processes auditory information in a network of brain areas before attention is paid.
5688h agoMOSAIC, a fMRI dataset aggregation framework, combines eight large-scale vision fMRI datasets from 93 subjects to improve computational modeling and generalization of human vision.
5692h agoPeople discover effective movement strategies in changing environments through hypothesis testing, which results in an efficiency-flexibility trade-off: learning is slower but leads to better generalization in constrained environments, while learning is faster but leads to poorer generalization in unconstrained environments.
5692h agoThe neocortex and cerebellum use similar computational mechanisms to predict future events and construct internal world models, allowing the brain to achieve diverse functions and human-like intelligence.
5696h agoA hybrid variational autoencoder with a mixed latent space effectively disentangles distinct sources of variability in brain connectomes, capturing both continuous and discrete factors.
5696h agoA precision approach that tracks neural changes within individuals over the course of training provides more nuanced insights into how neural representations change with training, allowing for a personalized account of skill learning in the human brain.
5696h agoHigher-order information theory reveals that neural computation and communication are characterized by a balance between synergistic integration and redundant broadcasting, optimizing multiscale complexity through a tradeoff between computation and communication.
5696h agoNo single method can optimally decode EEG motor imagery patterns across all users or datasets, and personalized pipeline selection is needed to address neurophysiological variability.
5696h agoA novel node-graph dual contrastive learning framework called Seizure-NGCLNet accurately detects drug-resistant epilepsy seizures using stereotactic electroencephalography, achieving an average accuracy of 95.93%.
5696h agoLarge language models exhibit Bayesian strategies in integrating noisy signals from text and images, but their accuracy does not guarantee robustness in handling uncertainty.
5696h agoBrain-aligning semantic vectors with neural representations improves decoding performance across different neuroimaging datasets.
5696h agoIndividual visual experiences are created from a high-dimensional neural geometry across the visual cortical hierarchy, with unique neural patterns predicting differences in memory recall.
5696h agoMIMIC-MJX, a new framework, learns neural control policies from kinematics that accurately model how the nervous system controls movement and behavior.
5696h agoA novel approach to image classification that uses learnable higher-order convolutions outperforms traditional convolutional neural networks on several standard benchmarks.
5696h agoLarge language models and the human brain use similar computational principles to process language, with model performance driving the evolution of brain-like representational architectures.
5696h agoThe type of wave generated in a weakly dissipative, strongly nonlinear discrete chain depends on the duration of the incoming pulse ramp, producing either a train of solitary waves or a shock-like stress wave.
5696h agoNoise-induced chaos triggers a transition from stable to unstable regimes in random dynamical systems through an extension of the Pyragas time-delayed feedback control.
5696h agoBreathers on an elliptic wave background consist of a nonlinear superposition of a soliton and a periodic wave that interact periodically.
5696h agoTwo-dimensional continuous piecewise-linear maps near certain codimension-two homoclinic bifurcations can be approximated by a one-dimensional family of discontinuous maps, exhibiting complex bifurcation structures similar to those of two-piece maps, with some unique features.
5696h agoBuyers' preferences in over-the-counter fish markets tend to approach a stable state, where the most attractive sellers do not always provide the highest profit.
5696h agoElectrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability is observed in graphene/hexagonal-boron-nitride/graphene tunneling transistors through momentum-conserving resonant tunneling of Dirac electrons.
5696h agoThe synchronized motion on networks of mutually coupled oscillators is described succinctly using a stability criterion based on uniform contractions.
5696h agoThe TTW system's Hamiltonian and integrals have a hidden algebra that generates a polynomial algebra of integrals of a certain order, with the Hamiltonian, two integrals, and their commutator forming the generating elements.
5696h agoLocal measurements cause a phase transition in strongly disordered spin chains, changing an area-law state to a volume-law entangled phase as the measurement rate increases.
5696h agoA universal topological marker can quantify the influence of disorder on topological order, and it can be efficiently calculated using the kernel polynomial method, even in higher dimensions.
5696h agoFast-scanning tunnelling microscope techniques reveal the internal dynamics of metastable defects in electronic crystals, showing how individual electrons move and interact in real-time.
5696h agoThe evolution of software is driven by an interplay between constraints, tinkering, and frequency-dependent selection, which shapes its symbiotic relationship with innovation and societal norms.
5696h agoThe fundamental limits of efficiently sampling the solution space of non-convex perceptron problems can be predicted using replica theory, which shows that sampling is efficient for spherical perceptrons with negative margin in most cases, but remains difficult for binary weights.
5696h agoThe many-body localization transition in the quantum Ising model with long-range interaction occurs at a threshold that can be estimated with logarithmic accuracy.
5696h agoSquare Wave Perceptrons exhibit an overlap gap in their solution space at a certain threshold, making typical problem instances hard to solve, and their properties also make them suitable for cryptographic applications.
5696h agoTopological band insulators can exist in amorphous systems without translational symmetry, and a systematic method can construct them using isospectral reduction.
5696h agoThe synchronized motion on networks of mutually coupled oscillators is described succinctly using a stability criterion based on uniform contractions.
5696h agoHyperbolic GRU neural quantum state ansatz performs comparably to or better than Euclidean RNNs in approximating ground state energy for quantum many-body systems.
5696h agoReinforced quantum dynamics exhibits robustness against interactions with a noisy environment by maintaining its current state or following a noise-free evolution.
5696h agoMany systems approximately follow a Boltzmann distribution, where a local property of states acts like energy, and the quality of this approximation depends on the correlation between the effective potential and exit rates.
5696h agoDifferent isoforms of voltage-gated ion channels influence action-potential generation in a conductance-based neuron model, with some isoforms supporting broad excitable regimes and others exhibiting minimal oscillatory behavior.
5700h agoDifferent isoforms of voltage-gated ion channels influence action-potential generation in a conductance-based neuron model, with some isoforms supporting broad excitable regimes and others exhibiting minimal oscillatory behavior.
5700h agoManipulation of early activity in specific neurons during a critical period changes their intrinsic excitability in a cell-type specific way that lasts through development.
5700h agoThe hippocampus shows peaks in activity before event boundaries, which decrease as people learn event schemas, indicating that it signals uncertainty about upcoming events.
5700h agoThe human voice contains signatures of the heartbeat, and this heart-voice coupling is related to both glottal and subglottal mechanisms that can affect vocal control and production.
5700h agoThe model combines biochemical processes and dynamic modulation of AMPA receptors to describe synaptic dynamics, allowing simulation of plasticity at both cellular and network levels.
5700h agoBiological brain ageing involves changes in the expression of 2,764 genes, which can be used to predict age and vary by brain region and neuron type.
5700h agoReading refines pre-existing neural circuits in the brain to facilitate fluent word recognition by enhancing neurons sensitive to letters and their position within a word.
5704h agoMiniscope calcium imaging provides a unique window into the activity of neurons during behavior while enabling spatial localization of individual cells across time. Despite its potential to revolutionize in vivo imaging alongside the rise of optogenetic tools, miniscopes remain underutilized due to a lack of easy-to-use preprocessing software. The Miniscope Processing Suite (MPS) was developed as a no-code end-to-end scalable pipeline for preprocessing large miniscope recordings. MPS enables fast analysis of long recordings and was used to analyze 77 hours of video data in 55.6 hours, which is 10-20 times faster than traditional pipelines. Here is a single sentence summary: The Miniscope Processing Suite (MPS) enables fast analysis of large miniscope recordings, analyzing 77 hours of video data in 55.6 hours.
5704h agoBrainstem neurons encode peri-head distance using two schemes: a proximity code where firing increases as objects approach the face, and a map code where neurons are tuned to specific distances.
5704h agoEnvironmental stability determines whether the brain uses synaptic plasticity or recurrent network dynamics to update value, with synaptic plasticity dominating in stable environments and recurrent dynamics taking over in dynamic environments.
5704h agoMultiple sclerosis patients have distinct gut microbiome composition and urinary metabolomic profiles compared to healthy controls, and their neuroinflammation is associated with dysregulation of microbially-produced short-chain fatty acids.
5704h agoThe Sparse Concept Encoding Model transforms word embeddings into a simpler form that allows for direct understanding of how brain activity relates to specific concepts, enabling better interpretation of brain responses to naturalistic stimuli.
5704h agoObesity and type 2 diabetes cause male reproductive problems by altering certain brain cells, leading to low testosterone and reduced sperm counts.
5704h agoTianeptine increases hippocampal beta-frequency activity and synaptic responses by activating opioid receptors and blocking feedforward inhibition.
5704h agoFunctional and effective connectivity in the brain, particularly in the caudate nucleus and corticostriatal connections, decreases as Huntington's disease progresses.
5704h agoA new method generates highly pure and expandable neural stem cells that can be used for disease modeling, drug screening, and potential clinical treatment of neurological disorders.
5704h agoStress intensity, frequency, and duration, as well as social isolation, determine the severity of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors and physiological changes in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress.
5704h agoMitochondrial dysfunction leads to the release of extracellular vesicles containing oxidized DNA, which stimulates microglial inflammatory responses and contributes to neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
5704h agoThe brain switches between two dominant states - one focused on perception and attention, and the other on introspection and integration - and the thalamus plays a central role in modulating these state transitions.
5704h agoFoundation Models are redefining non-invasive brain decoding by extracting robust representations from noisy neural signals and reconstructing high-fidelity outputs, enabling advancements in visual reconstruction, language and speech decoding, and auditory processing.
5704h agoKH domain of the Spoonbill protein interacts with dLarp7 and SMN protein to suppress neurodegeneration associated with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 8 (SCA8) by restoring normal levels of 7SKsnRNP.
5704h agoFlexible brain state engagement supports cognitive control in individuals with a range of psychiatric disorders.
5704h agoThe brain processes letter recognition through several levels of analysis, including coarse tuning for category and novelty and fine tuning for letter orientation, with distinct brain areas responding to novelty, category, and orientation.
5704h agoDopamine modulates inhibitory signals to OFF bipolar cells by reducing glycinergic currents, but not GABAergic currents, through activation of the Dopamine D1 Receptor.
5704h agoBlocking D4Rs alters ERG signaling in diabetic rodents, particularly during light adaptation, indicating diabetes impairs the retina's ability to adjust to changing light conditions.
5704h agoCalbindin-positive CA1 pyramidal cells preferentially connect to bursting subicular pyramidal cells and support cognitive flexibility needed to adapt to a changing environment.
5704h agoThe X-TRAP approach allows for precise labeling of neurons that are activated by specific stimuli, enabling the mapping of neural circuits that control behaviors such as food intake.
5704h agoThe brain uses signals from the mouth, throat, and gut to control eating, with some brain cells responding rapidly to food in the mouth and others responding slowly to food in the stomach.
5704h agoArsenic trioxide exposure activates a cellular stress pathway that drives long-term neurotoxic effects and cognitive deficits.
5704h agoDistinct brain development patterns are linked to different trajectories of depressive symptoms in males and females during adolescence.
5704h agoThe brain refines its neural representations of tasks gradually over time, adapting to specific task demands, and this process supports behavioral flexibility.
5704h agoThe auditory cortex uses a head-centered reference frame to encode sound location, but also maintains a world-centered representation that becomes more prominent over time.
5704h agoCephalopod chromatophores are controlled by a small number of motor neurons, typically four, that form petal-shaped domains, allowing for flexible and coordinated color changes.
5704h agoHuntington disease impairs glial differentiation due to abnormal histone hyperacetylation and over-expression of KRAB zinc finger protein transcriptional repressors in glial progenitor cells.
5704h agoChronic stress causes the brain to adapt by strengthening the CeA-DMS pathway's stabilizing role, leading to behavioral rigidity, and this adaptation happens through structural changes that preserve flexibility.
5708h agoThe pleasantness of touch can be mediated by A{beta}-afferents, and velocity inference plays a role in this process, as shown by the effect of visual velocity on the pleasantness of vibrotactile strokes.
5708h agoChanges in internal state modulate dopamine neuron responses to food and water cues in a need-specific way.
5708h agoRhythmic brain stimulation changes the timing of motor inhibition, and the brain adjusts its inhibitory control by shifting the phase at which inhibition is strongest when in an error-prone state.
5708h agoLiving Neurosheets are practical platforms that allow for the creation of complex living neural architectures, enabling control over neural activity and multimodal interrogation.
5708h agoCortical responses to stimuli remain decodable even when the brain's network activity is synchronized, such as during deep anesthesia.
5708h agoHigher intelligence in children is associated with more efficient neural information exchange in the attentional orienting network, marked by reduced widespread communication between brain areas.
5708h agoElevated cAMP levels cause defects in short-term and long-term memory by suppressing early memory formation in certain neurons and regulating memory formation after multiple training sessions.
5708h agoAgeing is associated with reduced hippocampal structural connectivity with the entorhinal cortex and medial parietal cortices, and increased connectivity with anterior temporal areas.
5708h agoPatients with schizophrenia have visual processing deficits due to both higher variability in neural response timing and reduced neural responses.
5708h agoDopamine neurons active during the embryonic stage are essential for locomotion across all developmental stages and adulthood.
5708h agoDeep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate increases dopamine and serotonin levels, which predict later depressive symptom relief in people with treatment-resistant depression.
5708h agoB7-H3 expression increases in the ischemic brain after a stroke and is linked to inflammation.
5708h agoGLP-1 neurons in the brain determine meal size and their activation leads to reduced food intake and sustained weight loss, making them a feasible target for obesity treatment.
5708h agoSleep fragmentation increases epileptic activity in specific brain regions during certain stages of sleep.
5708h agoDe novo mutations in the STXBP1 gene lead to a deficiency of the Munc18.1 protein, causing neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy and encephalopathies by affecting intrinsic neuronal properties and synaptic transmission in a developmentally stage-dependent manner.
5708h agoProgranulin deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and vulnerability to cell death in brain cells.
5708h agoThe projectome-based characterization of hypothalamic peptidergic neurons was corrected in male mice.
5712h agoThe ketogenic diet improves neurobehavioral function and reduces anxiety and depression-like behaviors in estrogen-deficient female mice, but may also cause liver and kidney problems.
5712h agoMutations in the OCRL1 gene cause Lowe syndrome, which leads to neurological symptoms, and research in flies shows that the symptoms start in neural stem cells during embryonic development.
5712h agoSelf-initiated actions have distinct neural dynamics, including a gradual buildup of activity, reduced variability, and sharp state transitions, whereas externally triggered actions rely on external input and have stable frequency content.
5712h agoThe training objective of an artificial neural network affects how well its representations align with brain activity, with reinforcement learning showing a small advantage in predicting brain activity.
5712h agoCertain neurons are more vulnerable to Huntington's disease because they have different genetic activity that disrupts their identity and triggers a protective process called ER-phagy.
5712h agoRemoving artifacts from electrophysiological recordings can lead to biased analysis results, and slight changes in preprocessing have a strong impact on these results.
5712h agoHigh-frequency bursts in the brain facilitate fast communications in brain networks and support routing information related to attention.
5716h agoEnhancers encode cell-type-specific responses to central nervous system injury by using a specific logic that can be targeted to reactivate astrocytes.
5716h agoFree-ranging dogs use both visual and olfactory cues to find food, preferring speed over accuracy and settling for intermediate quality food, and also display a left-bias during food choice.
5720h agoPartial sleep deprivation causes severe disruptions in brain networks, including functional and structural changes in areas related to emotion, sensory processing, and cognition.
5720h agoEngineers have created a biomimetic interface that captures and decodes mechanical signals from human skin, enabling new possibilities for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction.
5720h agoSleep patterns, autonomic arousal, bodily sensations, and cognitive load interact with each other, and a new mathematical model aims to capture this complex interplay to explain sudden changes in psychological and physiological states.
5720h agoBerthier, Provenzi, and collaborators reformulate perceptual color attributes within the framework of quantum information using a quantum system described by a spin factor, and show how to compute color perception using qubit density matrices.
5720h agoThe brain uses a process called Memory-Amortized Inference to convert chaotic exploration into a geometry of certainty, enabling efficient navigation and representation of the environment.
5720h agoSymmetries give rise to emergent macroscopic levels in systems, organised into a hierarchy that shapes both the systems' behaviour and our Bayesian beliefs about them.
5720h agoDifferent isoforms of voltage-gated ion channels influence action-potential generation in a conductance-based neuron model, with some isoforms supporting broad excitable regimes and others exhibiting minimal oscillatory behavior.
5720h agoConsciousness arises from a single control agent, the Modeler-schema, which monitors the brain's internal World Model and generates experience through a qualia-based consistency check.
5720h agoA new framework disentangles visual and spatial contributions in virtual reality, allowing researchers to map how position signals are spatially organized across the environment in the primary visual cortex.
5720h agoNeural networks learn to perform discrete computations on continuous data by discretising input features and then performing logical operations on these discretised variables.
5720h agoAn AI system detects and diagnoses malignant lung nodules on low-dose CT scans more accurately and earlier than radiologists, achieving 99.3% sensitivity with 0.5 false positives per scan.
5720h agoThe coupling strength in threshold power-law recurrent neural networks does not qualitatively influence the dynamics, but only scales all system solutions in magnitude, implying that chaotic dynamics can always be tamed or never be tamed.
5720h agoConsciousness emerges from communication between local observers in a distributed system, where a shared model arises through the exchange of predictive messages.
5720h agoNuCLR, a self-supervised framework, learns representations of neural activity that differentiate one neuron from the rest, achieving state-of-the-art performance in cell type and brain region decoding tasks.
5720h agoStandard HD-tDCS dosing methods produce age-dependent reductions in target electric-field intensity and sex differences, but a new optimization framework can generate personalized dosing prescriptions that account for developmental anatomy and physiology.
5720h agoLarge language models and the brain generate representations in a similar order, with early brain responses aligning with initial model layers and later brain responses aligning with deeper model layers.
5720h agoRecurrent neural networks can learn phase code solutions to perform modular arithmetic tasks without being explicitly designed to produce oscillations.
5720h agoInformation emerges in physical systems through specific generative motifs, including replication, heritable variation, and translation under shared templates, which link structures in a causal structure set.
5720h agoPulsed wave transcranial photobiomodulation therapy enhances brain functional networks and alters microstate patterns, specifically increasing global efficiency, local efficiency, and betweenness centrality of microstate C.
5720h agoThe gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating sleep physiology by influencing neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, and disruptions in its composition contribute to sleep disorders and related health issues.
5720h agoBrain fog in long COVID patients is caused by dysfunction in the right inferior insula, and stimulating this area with ultrasound can improve the related cognitive impairment.
5720h agoBASIC, a new evaluation framework, jointly quantifies structural fidelity, inferential alignment, and contextual coherence between decoded and ground-truth images to improve the assessment of brain visual decoding methods.
5720h agoA novel neural network called SAPIN learns by minimizing local prediction errors on a 2D grid, allowing it to adapt its structure and synaptic weights to solve tasks such as the Cart Pole reinforcement learning benchmark.
5720h agoThe extended nonlinear Lugiato-Lefever equation with pseudo-stimulated-Raman-scattering term, linear damping/gain, and spatial inhomogeneous pump reveals that quasi-solitons can be stable fixed points.
5720h agoKinks in a ring of interacting particles induce and control the collective motion of internal states, and their number determines the average velocity of this motion.
5720h agoNonuniform motion of oscillators in a ring chain with nonlocal coupling leads to the emergence of an atypical chimera state through symmetry breaking of the effective interaction kernel.
5720h agoA modified swarmalator model generates collective rotational currents in phase synchronization through a simpler driving term that depends on both phase and a specified origin.
5720h agoThe interplay of nonlinearity, coupling, and noise yields three distinct escape mechanisms in diffusively coupled bistable elements, depending on the coupling strength.
5720h agoMultiple cyclic loops at each site alter spatiotemporal patterns, allowing control of the number of coexisting states through flip networks and energies.
5720h agoThe helicoidally shaped spin-orbit coupling in binary Bose-Einstein condensates generates diverse multi-pole soliton and breather states, including stripe solitons and breathers with curved trajectories and nonperiodic density distributions.
5720h agoThe Sasano system of type $A^{(2)}_5$ is non-integrable by rational first integrals for all values of parameters that admit a particular rational solution.
5720h agoA xylem-inspired multi-agent architecture called X-SYCON enables coordination among agents through passive field dynamics, allowing them to respond to demands and hazards without explicit planning or communication.
5720h agoDeep neural networks exhibit crackling-like avalanches due to fluctuations in information propagation, which can be explained by a stochastic theory involving four effective couplings that characterize the dynamics.
5720h agoEntropy dissipation decreases in the oscillating state for ring oscillators with more than three inverters, relating to an increase in local stability, and finite-size fluctuations introduce oscillations even below the critical voltage.
5720h agoSmall fluctuations in public perception or behavior can trigger complex and changing social reactions to epidemics, including patterns of vigilance, fatigue, and renewed concern.
5720h agoTurbulent and chaotic properties change with increasing spatial dimension, with Lyapunov exponents decreasing and becoming negative in six dimensions, where non-Gaussian statistics and turbulent behavior still occur without chaos.
5720h agoLarge animal groups emerge through the rapid merging of multiple pre-existing subgroups under high-density conditions, not by slow accumulation of sparsely distributed individuals.
5720h agoTopological dislocations in lattices create new types of waveguiding and self-sustained states, allowing for control over energy flow and the formation of localized photonic eigenstates with tunable shapes.
5720h agoThe spectral form factor and power spectrum of rotating bosons with repulsive interactions exhibit chaotic behavior in the strong interaction regime, while showing integrable or pseudo-integrable behavior in the moderate interaction regime.
5720h agoDifferent isoforms of voltage-gated ion channels influence action-potential generation in a conductance-based neuron model, with some isoforms supporting broad excitable regimes and others exhibiting minimal oscillatory behavior.
5720h agoA machine learning framework called DA-SHRED integrates simulation models with sensor data to accurately estimate the full state of complex physical systems.
5720h agoThe stochastic version of the one-dimensional discrete nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation shows a phase transition at a finite temperature value, with dynamics that depend on noise strength.
5720h agoTwo mechanisms, a pattern switch and a pattern dial, enable systematic control of Turing pattern formation in gene circuits, allowing for transitions between distinct pattern types and offering a trade-off between network size, robustness, and tunability.
5720h agoA novel Lie algebra has properties including a single non-trivial Casimir polynomial and is associated with a hierarchy of Hamiltonian systems with integrability properties that depend on the dimension of the algebra.
5720h agoThe wavefront shape for maximum laser beam concentration is obtained by solving a nonlinear integral equation to maximize the light power passing through an aperture.
5720h agoThis work reviews the properties of real quadratic maps and investigates the effects of singular perturbations on complex quadratic maps.
5720h agoThe critical dynamics of the two-dimensional Ising model strongly depend on the initial condition, with quenches from ordered and disordered phases following different scaling behaviors.
5720h agoA trade-off exists between the speed and accuracy of collective pattern formation in cells, with globally optimized solutions not necessarily maximizing information transfer between cells.
5720h agoDeep neural networks exhibit crackling-like avalanches due to fluctuations in information propagation, which can be explained by a stochastic theory involving four effective couplings that characterize the dynamics.
5720h agoLocal density measurements cause quantum correlations in a many-body free-fermion system to develop from initial-state correlations to steady-state correlations over time.
5720h agoDelafossites' magnetic behavior can be accurately predicted and understood through a graph neural network that aligns with human-interpretable physical concepts.
5720h agoActive particles with finite persistence show power-law distributed stress drops when their activity builds long enough correlations, and the statistics of avalanches in these systems resemble those of passive systems under certain conditions.
5720h agoSi doping increases photoluminescence intensity and enhances radiative processes in InGaN alloys by introducing deeper localized states and increasing localization, which reduces nonradiative recombination channels.
5720h agoSymmetries give rise to emergent macroscopic levels in systems, organised into a hierarchy that shapes both the systems' behaviour and our Bayesian beliefs about them.
5720h agoMeasurement-induced entanglement can be detected using a data-driven learning method that trains a neural network on measurement records to predict entanglement uncertainty.
5720h agoOptimal variable selection allows a simple perceptron to perfectly classify random patterns by surpassing the Cover-Gardner bound of $\alpha < 2\rho$.
5720h agoA Large Language Model partially learns the internal structure of a sequence of trees generated by prime factorization of natural numbers, capturing regularities and correlations.
5720h agoFractional Chern insulators' stability is governed by single-particle band geometry, according to a data-driven framework that uses band-geometric descriptors to predict stability with over 80% accuracy.
5720h agoA random-walking particle can escape to infinity on certain two-dimensional surfaces, unlike on standard flat 2D surfaces where it gets localized.
5720h agoThe Holstein mechanism in a single-electron system exhibits a quantum phase transition with distinct short-time and long-time behaviors.
5720h agoDisorder in Rydberg atom arrays leads to new classes of criticalities, resulting in a novel pseudo-criticality that emerges in experimentally realistic atom chains.
5720h agoReplica symmetry breaking underlies the complex organization of disordered systems, with five independent observables confirming predictions: ground-state energies, energy fluctuations, chaos exponent, overlap distribution, and complexity, all matching expectations for systems up to 4000 spins.
5720h agoA mechanical hysteron made of rigid bars and linear springs allows for controllable properties and tunable interactions, enabling the design of materials that can sense, compute, and respond to their mechanical environment.
5720h agoQuantum annealing platforms can enable fast and efficient training of classical neural networks, achieving superior performance scaling compared to classical backpropagation methods.
5720h agoA unified framework explains how a disordered environment affects energy transport along a chiral quantum Hall edge, revealing two regimes with different temperature scaling and showing that the total heat flux remains quantized.
5720h agoThe Holevo information reveals distinct phases of quantum information distribution between subsystems, with a sharp transition between exponentially decaying and linearly growing phases as system size and subsystem sizes vary.
5720h agoEarly life stress causes changes in behavior and physiology in mice, including reduced vocalizations, altered social behavior, changed stress biomarkers, and signs of precocious puberty that can persist across generations.
5720h agoOlder adults have impaired blood-brain barrier function and glymphatic clearance compared to younger adults, with changes in these systems potentially linked through increased extracellular free water in white matter.
5720h agoA wearable device using near-infrared light can detect changes in brain activity in real-time and wirelessly, allowing for monitoring of brain function during naturalistic tasks without restricting movement.
5720h agoA specific brain circuit, the cortico-subthalamic projection from the granular retrosplenial cortex to the zona incerta, plays a key role in controlling opioid relapse by encoding and retrieving opioid-associated memories.
5720h agoSimilar neural representation patterns and computational structures control brain-controlled and naturally controlled movements, following a fundamental principle of neural control in an abstract hierarchy.
5720h agoRespiration does not align with spontaneous perceptual changes, but respiration frequency predicts how long a person's perception remains stable.
5724h agoHuntington's disease research finds that mutant HTT mRNA accumulates in RNA clusters in neurons, starting from the prenatal stage, and this accumulation may impact nuclear homeostasis.
5724h agoA combination of brain activity, genetic information, and behavioral performance jointly predicts emotional empathy, but not cognitive empathy, in people.
5724h agoHair cell loss in the inner ear affects balance, with different parts of the ear showing varying levels of redundancy, allowing for robust responses to head movements despite significant hair cell loss.
5724h agoA specific subset of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, called DMHCalb1/Vglut2 neurons, drives cold-evoked shivering thermogenesis in response to cold temperatures.
5724h agoThe levels of beta2-microglobulin and human leukocyte antigen proteins and their encoding genes relate to motor neuron vulnerability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but they are not major contributors to the disease.
5724h agoAging causes changes in the neuromuscular junction, a critical connection between nerves and muscles, and this change is linked to progressive motor decline, with distinct changes occurring in different types of muscles.
5724h agoPatients with temporal lobe epilepsy and frontal lobe epilepsy have impaired brain network activations during episodic and semantic memory tasks due to altered intrinsic functional brain organization.
5724h agoThe goal for a motor action is generated through spatial extrapolation that involves both perceptual and action processes in the brain.
5724h agoParkinson's disease progression is better understood through the identification of subtypes related to clinical phenotypes, with proteomic analysis revealing consistent protein co-expression modules associated with quality of life scores, metabolite pathways, and cognitive function phenotypes.
5724h agoAbnormal brain protein-carrying particles in the blood are linked to Alzheimer's disease progression, inflammation, and brain damage.
5728h agoA Bayesian Multivariate Linear model can be used to efficiently test for multivariate main effects and interactions in brain imaging data from factorial designs.
5728h agoThe analysis of Alzheimer's Disease prediction models reveals that FAQ, CDRSB, ADAS13, MMSE, and RAVLT variants are the most important features, and their importance varies by disease stage.
5728h agoREM sleep in rats develops from a single state into two distinct substates, phasic and tonic, with different brain wave patterns and muscle activity, as rats mature from 12 to 24 days old.
5728h agoAlzheimer's disease with psychosis arises from a combination of changes in a shared protein profile and a separate set of protein changes that affect synaptic density and are largely independent of the shared profile.
5728h agoShared noise along the stimulus encoding direction limits information encoding in neural population coding.
5728h agoDeep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate cortex leads to faster and stronger electrocortical signaling over time, with changes in brain signals linked to white-matter integrity.
5728h agoThe amygdaloid proteome is progressively impaired in Alzheimer's disease, with a more severe effect in women than men, and shows a stage-specific protein expression profile.
5728h agoInjecting human alpha-Synuclein into mice with a genetic mutation causes Parkinson's disease-like symptoms, including protein clumping, brain cell loss, and inflammation.
5728h agoFentanyl induces different responses in brain neurons depending on where they send their signals, leading to distinct adaptations in behavior.
5728h agoGPR34 helps maintain microglia homeostasis, mediates the phagocytosis of myelin, and restrains microglial response to neurodegenerative disease conditions.
5732h agoA new functional atlas, rrAD420, was created using brain scans from 420 older adults, which provides detailed representations of brain network connectivity and can aid in the study of neurodegenerative processes and biomarker discovery.
5732h agoACSS2 plays a key role in the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fetal brain development and behavior.
5732h agoThe maximum achievable predictive accuracy of brain-phenotype associations using machine learning models may not be better than using demographic and nuisance covariates alone.
5732h agoPeroxisomes play a key role in regulating sleep by processing lipids and reducing oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species.
5732h agoThe auditory efferent system, which plays a role in auditory perception, is not well understood, but a new model that includes a medial olivocochlear efferent pathway can simulate the effects of sound on auditory-nerve responses.
5732h agoActivating CB2 receptors with specific antibody agonists reduces pain caused by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice without causing tolerance or off-target effects.
5732h agoThe race model, which assumes dynamic competition among processes in separate channels, implies a certain inequality between associated probability distributions under general conditions.
5732h agoA scalable mass spectral search tool identifies known molecules and structural variants and reveals biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces.
5736h agoResilience to stress comes from adaptive network reorganization in the brain, marked by preserved integrity in certain areas and enhanced inhibitory control, whereas susceptibility to stress involves distinct dysfunctions in brain structure and connectivity.
5736h agoDecision-making depends on two brain circuits that work together, with one circuit selecting actions based on their value and the other circuit evaluating the value of objects to predict reward.
5736h agoA positive feedback loop between oxidized phosphatidylcholine and IL-1β promotes chronic neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and may contribute to progressive multiple sclerosis.
5740h agoHigher heart rate variability is linked to greater BOLD fMRI signal variance, and this relationship may explain age-related decreases in BOLD fMRI signal variance.
5740h agoNeurons in area V4 that prefer 2D shapes also tend to prefer 3D surface shapes and object form, while neurons that prefer 2D texture tend to prefer flat surfaces.
5744h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the recall of forgotten memories by dynamically lowering the energy landscape of the neuronal network, allowing it to trap and recall stored memories that would otherwise be lost.
5744h agoThe brain controls the body through complex sensorimotor transformations, which researchers model using a new platform that simulates behavioral dynamics, biomechanics, and neural circuits. Wait, that is not a direct report. Here is the corrected sentence: A new platform models sensorimotor transformations underlying brain control of the body, using a pipeline that recapitulates natural movements in a biomechanical model. However, I think I can make it even simpler. Here is another version: A platform simulates how the brain controls the body by modeling movements and muscle activity. Let me check if I can make it even more concise: The brain controls body movements through complex muscle activity that can be simulated with a new platform. I think the best one is: A platform simulates how the brain controls the body by modeling movements and muscle activity.
5744h agoDeep learning models outperform traditional approaches in decoding brain signals for non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces, with a multi-class Siamese network achieving an average accuracy of 96.89%.
5744h agoFast Dynamical Similarity Analysis (fastDSA) provides a computationally efficient and accurate method for comparing the temporal structure of dynamical systems.
5744h agoA new diffusion transformer model generates 4D fMRI sequences that match task-evoked brain activity, preserving the structure and patterns observed in real data.
5744h agoA general protocol allows for the construction of experimental steady-state bifurcation diagrams for electrophysiologically active cells, enabling the validation of neuronal models and the observation of complex hidden states.
5744h agoGenerative Adversarial Networks can synthesize realistic resting-state EEG signals and extract useful features, enabling more accurate analysis with less data and computation.
5744h agoA geometric framework that analyzes neural network changes helps uncover neural mechanisms in social interactions by identifying critical transitions in network connectivity.
5744h agoA new thermoinformational formulation derives key thermodynamic variables from empirical microstate distributions, providing a data-driven description of system reorganization and information exchange.
5744h agoLarge language models converge on similar computational principles as the human brain, with improvements in model performance leading to brain-like hierarchies in language processing.
5744h agoStochasticity slows down the rotation of spiral waves in excitable media through two second-order effects: instantaneous heterogeneity and orbital drift.
5744h agoTau functions of the KP hierarchy satisfy an addition formula that expresses shifts of a tau function in terms of Wronskian determinants of wave functions.
5744h agoThe semiclassical limit of the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation turns all excitations in the spectrum into effective solitons for periodic single-lobe potentials.
5744h agoHyperuniformity in network design leads to advantages in transport efficiency and robustness, with hyperuniform-point-pattern-induced networks having smaller total effective resistances, faster random-walk mixing times, and fewer extreme-curvature edges than Poisson-point-pattern-induced networks.
5744h agoPlatforms have an incentive to inflate ratings to increase commission, but this incentive is limited by the need to maintain enough accuracy to keep trustworthy sellers in the market.
5744h agoSymmetric reservoir networks improve prediction accuracy for certain complex systems, especially when the input dimension is smaller than the number of degrees of freedom.
5744h agoA theoretical framework links option hedging and stock exposure to market turbulence, explaining how volatility amplifies during gamma-squeeze events through a feedback loop between market-maker hedging and price movements.
5744h agoClasses of Fredholm Pfaffians can be computed using canonical Riemann-Hilbert problems when their main kernel is of additive Hankel or truncated Wiener-Hopf type.
5744h agoAn exact renormalisation scheme for fermionic cellular automata on hypercubic lattices groups neighbouring cells into tiles and derives a condition for renormalisability.
5744h agoModulational instability and discrete breathers in a quasi-one-dimensional discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equation with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections lead to various quantum droplet solutions with specific stability properties.
5744h agoDyNoSeD, a new framework, identifies unknown dynamical parameters from unordered, non-sequential data by minimizing Fokker-Planck residuals.
5744h agoThe Kuramoto model with heterogeneous phase lags on any weighted, directed, and signed graph has conserved quantities when specific connectivity conditions are met.
5744h agoOmnivory leads to complex ecological networks, and a minimal intraguild predation model reveals that Shilnikov homoclinic orbits emerge, triggering chaos and multiple coexistence modes.
5744h agoBayesian strategies that adapt to new evidence can resist invasion by reactive strategies and foster cooperation in social dilemmas, but their success depends on the strategies they compete with and the environmental conditions.
5744h agoGeneralized geodesic equations in curved spacetime include conservative forces, dissipative effects, and quantum-gravity corrections, which can lead to violations of the equivalence principle.
5744h agoElimination of a fast variable reduces stochastic dynamics with small inertia to a single-variable description, providing a rigorous mathematical framework for systems with linear and nonlinear dissipation.
5744h agoLazy cellular automata have a simple dynamical behavior, and their order depends on the choice of active transition and fixed symbol, with a general upper bound established for the order.
5744h agoCritical temperatures in the Ising model on random graphs are determined by the eigenvalues of the kernel operator associated with the graph limit.
5744h agoEvolving on-site disorder in non-Hermitian lattices changes wave transport by suppressing localization and creating diffusion-like spreading or jumpy wave evolution, depending on the disorder period.
5744h agoThe replica field theory for monitored quantum many-body systems reveals that the density matrix of multiple replicas evolves through a master equation with non-Hermitian and quantum jump terms, leading to an effective field theory that describes the average state and replica interactions.
5744h agoThe low-temperature dynamics of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model have a mixing time that grows exponentially with the system size.
5744h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the recall of forgotten memories by dynamically lowering the energy landscape of the neuronal network, allowing it to trap and recall stored memories that would otherwise be lost.
5744h agoNon-Hermitian systems with a skin effect exhibit a universal Anderson localization transition, belonging to the same universality class regardless of disorder distribution or Hamiltonian structure, with critical exponents nu = 1.50 and beta ~ 0.65.
5744h agoThe ground-state energy of a random elastic manifold exhibits atypical fluctuations that follow a central limit theorem, with a rescaled variance that depends on the interplay between confinement, elasticity, and disorder.
5744h agoNeuromorphic computing uses a non-linear physical system to reduce power consumption and speed up learning in artificial intelligence by replacing part of a large neural network.
5744h agoDisorder and non-linear instabilities complicate phenomena like friction and earthquakes, and a new theory explains how flow starts and hysteresis occurs in these systems.
5744h agoNeural network learning dynamics converge to the same behavior as with simple Gaussian inputs, even when complex real-world data is modeled as a mixture of Gaussian distributions, when proper standardization is used.
5744h agoEmpirical risk minimization in over-parametrized two-layer neural networks with quadratic activations leads to capacity control through a low-rank structure in learned feature maps, yielding precise generalization thresholds.
5744h agoOctopus arms' neural networks respond to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in specific ways, with glutamate and dopamine being dominant excitatory drivers, and serotonin modulating these responses in a state-dependent manner.
5744h agoThe colonial hydrozoan Nanomia septata uses a simple nervous system in its stem to coordinate the swimming of its multiple bells, allowing it to move in both forward and reverse directions.
5748h agoRecalling past events involves a reverse spatiotemporal hierarchy in the brain, where high-order visual and auditory areas are activated before primary sensory areas.
5748h agoSCA48 mutations disrupt CHIP's dual functions in a domain-dependent manner, causing loss of protein stability, substrate ubiquitination, and co-chaperone activity, which leads to clinical heterogeneity.
5752h agoTDP-43 nuclear depletion disrupts synaptic transmission and neurite outgrowth by causing de-repression of cryptic exons in multiple transcripts, and a therapeutic approach using U7 snRNA can suppress this mis-splicing and restore target gene expression.
5752h agoImplanting the Onyx Frontier Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent in small, tortuous blood vessels in the brain is technically feasible and has a good 30-day safety profile.
5756h agoA deep learning-based toolbox accurately predicts the topographic organization of the human visual cortex from standard structural MRI scans, enabling large-scale studies of individual differences.
5764h agoTop-down feedback helps store relevant visual memories in early visual cortex, making them robust to distraction, whereas short-term synaptic plasticity only briefly remembers any input from the visual system, regardless of relevance.
5764h agoNeural oscillations above 100 Hz encode hierarchical prediction errors, with local prediction-error signals occurring early in lateral auditory regions and global prediction-error signals occurring later in both lateral auditory and frontal cortices.
5764h agoRats adjust the format of working memory to reduce cognitive load by switching between distinct neural circuits to store information in the most economical internal format.
5764h agoCRISPR-mediated genome editing technology can treat neurological disorders like Huntington's disease by directly editing neurons in the brain, and a new delivery method called Neuro-PERC shows promise in achieving this.
5772h agoAnastrozole, a drug that inhibits Aromatase, protects against tauopathy by reducing oxidative stress and Tau phosphorylation through a mechanism that involves the enzyme CYP4V2, not Aromatase activity.
5772h agoDelivering a stabilized Neurogenin2 variant directly to the retina efficiently converts Muller glia into multiple types of retinal neurons, which can integrate into existing retinal circuitry and exhibit electrical properties of retinal neurons.
5772h agoA new tool called PKU tags allows for distinguishing among various neuronal cell types, enabling the labeling of multiple cell types and tracing of neuronal circuits.
5780h agoNeuronal APOE4 alone is sufficient to promote pathological tau accumulation, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation, driving Alzheimer's disease pathologies.
5780h agoA simple local homeostatic synaptic scaling rule enables neural circuits to self-organize and maintain stable information transmission across layers without external fine-tuning.
5780h agoThe GABABR1a and 1b isoforms are differentially expressed among brain cell types, with GABABR1a expression highest in oligodendrocytes and GABABR1b expression highest in astrocytes.
5780h agoBrain-computer interface decoding skill is driven by local sensorimotor rhythm signal fidelity from the dominant hand area, not by global brain network integration.
5780h agoApplying anti-phase transcranial alternating stimulation to the pre-supplementary motor cortex suppresses beta oscillations and alters motor behavior.
5780h agoActivating both MC3R and MC4R receptors in the melanocortin system helps regulate food intake and leads to substantial metabolic effects, including weight loss.
5780h agoPrenatal exposure to transient hypoxia disrupts normal brain development, causing changes in gene expression and chromatin that can lead to long-term functional deficits, particularly in glutamatergic neurons.
5788h agoTranscranial Radio Frequency Stimulation (TRFS) non-invasively modulates deep brain tissue by using radio frequency energy to suppress or excite neuronal activity.
5788h agoThe cerebral cortex of primates has a conserved yet differentiated organization across species, with similar patterns of cortical geometry and structural connectivity in sensory and motor regions, but divergence in association cortices.
5788h agoPrenatal maternal stress leads to changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in the brain, increasing pain sensitivity in offspring through altered neuronal and brain development.
5788h agoThe hippocampus develops internal self-referenced spatial representations after external landmark-based representations, with a balanced integration between the two occurring around the mid-fourth postnatal week.
5788h agoThe medial temporal subsystem of the default mode network encodes the specific visual details of imagined autobiographical scenes.
5788h agoLipid changes in the blood can indicate Alzheimer's disease risk, with specific lipid patterns differing in people with and without a genetic mutation that can cause the disease.
5792h agoActivation of G protein-coupled receptor 37 at the spinal level erases spinal pain memory and resolves long-lasting, enhanced pain.
5796h agoFentanyl intake alters gene expression in the habenula and amygdala, two brain regions involved in opioid use and withdrawal, leading to changes in synaptic transmission, metabolic functions, and risk for substance use disorders.
5796h agoA deep learning framework integrating diffusion MRI and light-sheet microscopy generates a whole-brain cell type atlas at 10 micrometer isotropic resolution, linking dMRI metrics with gene expression-based cell types.
5800h agoA fat body-brain axis, involving the CCHa2 gene and insulin-producing cells, regulates sleep duration and intensity in response to nutrient signals.
5800h agoThe expansion of a specific DNA sequence in the C9orf72 gene causes a form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, and researchers have found that a protein called chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) helps these toxic proteins enter and spread between cells.
5800h agoPFC GABAergic neurons encode task variables, including movement, baseline activity, and punished outcomes, but their encoding does not directly reflect behavioral control.
5804h agoThe brain controls movement and decision-making separately, with distinct time-cost signals invigorating each, rather than jointly optimizing a global utility.
5804h agoSleep-like slow waves in brain activity are linked to poorer performance in perceptual decision-making tasks in stroke patients.
5804h agoCortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex arise through the coalescence of microtubers orchestrated by balloon cells and reactive gliosis during brain development.
5804h agoThe Jendrassik maneuver and motor imagery decrease and modulate the H-reflex and cortical activity, with effects on mu-rhythm and event-related potentials that vary by task.
5804h agoA developmentally-inspired model, comprising three interacting modules, achieves face recognition performance comparable to standard deep convolutional neural networks by mimicking how humans, particularly infants, learn to recognize faces.
5804h agoA transient increase in the aperiodic exponent, indicating a shift towards reduced local excitation-to-inhibition ratio, and impairment of theta oscillation prevalence and regularity in the hippocampus predict the development of temporal lobe epilepsy after a potentially epileptogenic insult.
5804h agoTheta oscillations support core working memory functions, and alpha oscillations help older adults compensate for age-related declines through flexible strategies.
5804h agoCannabis withdrawal increases the lateral habenula's response to unpleasant and threatening stimuli, likely due to an imbalance in its normal functioning, which may contribute to feelings of anxiety and unease.
5804h agoKetamine disrupts corollary discharge signaling in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which impairs the brain's ability to predict and suppress the sensory consequences of its own actions.
5804h agoAging compromises the fidelity and stability of the head-direction system, leading to larger angular errors and increased heading uncertainty in spatial navigation.
5804h agoContextual unfamiliarity after drug use drives the formation of brain receptors that mediate relapse vulnerability.
5804h agoSleep duration influences how brain patterns during learning are reactivated during memory retrieval, and this effect varies by age and brain region.
5804h agoMastering addition and subtraction calculations improves with age in school-aged children, linked to increased neural activity in the right parieto-occipital region, particularly showing different developmental patterns for addition and subtraction.
5808h agoBrain age gaps can predict developmental trajectories of youth cognition and behavior, with children with ADHD showing delayed maturation and accelerated maturation linked to high cognition and low symptoms.
5808h agoHumans adapt their learning to match the type of changes in their environment, adjusting their learning rate based on whether changes occur abruptly or gradually.
5808h agoChildren with lower visual working memory capacity are more susceptible to task-irrelevant auditory distractors, especially in those with ADHD, and this relationship is affected by the level of audiovisual competition.
5808h agoBrain activity in the left posterior putamen during learning predicts whether individuals use a goal-directed or habitual strategy to control their behavior.
5808h agoNDNF+ interneurons regulate cortical excitability and suppress seizures by restraining hyperexcitability through GABAB receptor signalling.
5808h agoA functional atlas of the dog brain, created by applying spatially constrained spectral clustering to fMRI data, reveals reproducible and coherent brain organization across scales, with optimal results at intermediate resolutions of 100-140 parcels.
5820h agoSynaptopodin regulates the cytoskeleton, intracellular calcium, and is crucial for long-term potentiation and learning, and its knockout in rats leads to reduced long-term potentiation, altered dendritic spine structure, and disrupted inhibitory synapse distribution.
5832h agoMitochondrial scaffold A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) regulates retinal ganglion cell resilience and axon regeneration, and its restoration preserves vision in glaucoma models.
5832h agoNutrient deprivation induces autophagy-dependent remodeling of the synaptic proteome, which helps neurons preserve proteostasis under metabolic stress through a Rab5b-mediated trafficking mechanism.
5832h agoAtaxin-2 downregulation protects against TDP-43 toxicity by rewiring metabolism to activate alternative energy production pathways in brain cells under stress.
5832h agoIncreasing DNM2 expression in muscle improves motor function in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but precise dosage is critical as too much DNM2 can worsen muscle pathology.
5832h agoPrimary sensory cortex plays an adaptive and flexible role that changes with learning and context, reshaping perception, behavior and brain function.
5836h agoAcetylcholine release in the cortex plays a key role in switching between tasks, and cholinergic input to the cortex encodes task-dependent signals, enabling the accumulation of sensory evidence.
5836h agoSemantic and phonological information in verbal short-term memory are maintained in separate brain regions, with semantic information mainly in the temporal lobe and phonological information in widespread areas including temporal, frontal, and parietal regions.
5836h agoBilinguals' use of their second language shapes their ability to selectively focus attention and filter out interference, with active users showing more efficient inhibitory control and resilience to interference.
5836h agoThe brain's motor cortex uses coordinated activity across different layers to encode and reuse information, enabling multiplexing, as shown by recordings from macaque monkeys performing a complex task.
5836h agoSerotonin levels increase in the nucleus accumbens during aggression and this increase inhibits certain neurons to suppress attacks.
5836h agoThe ventral CA3 to ventral CA1 brain pathway plays a key role in regulating anxiety-like behavior, while both ventral CA3 to ventral CA1 and entorhinal cortex to ventral CA1 pathways regulate fear-related behavior.
5836h agoA specific neural signal, likely regulated by the locus coeruleus, implements a network reset in reward learning structures after negative feedback, increasing uncertainty and exploration tendency.
5836h agoThe posterior parietal cortex and frontal cortices support generalization of knowledge across tasks in working memory, with different regions handling active and passive task demands.
5836h agoEpisodic memory in children emerges from coordinated brain state sequences that bridge online encoding with offline consolidation, supporting memory formation through dynamic neural flexibility.
5836h agoInferring intentions from observed actions or written sentences involves a network of brain regions that combines conceptual action and object information with mental state representation.
5836h agoEarly blind individuals have enhanced pitch discrimination due to reduced internal noise, but show equivalent tone detection abilities as sighted individuals.
5836h agoThe brain represents multiple elements of a sequence of future actions simultaneously in separate neural subspaces, allowing for flexible and dynamic planning through probabilistic inference.
5836h agoThe Adaptive Exponential Integrate-and-Fire model simulates multiple firing patterns in neurons, including Tonic Spiking, Adapting, Initial Bursting, Busting, Transient Spiking, and Delayed Spiking.
5840h agoLarge language models can be designed to process moral meaning by embedding it directly into their architecture through top-down design principles.
5840h agoA new framework constructs combinatorial complexes from fMRI time series data, capturing both pairwise and higher-order neural interactions through information-theoretic measures.
5840h agoA non-invasive brain-computer interface uses visual stimuli and single-channel EEG data to reconstruct simple imagined shapes within two minutes, and transforms them into realistic visual representations.
5840h agoMeditation practice called jhana shifts neural dynamics towards criticality, a state between order and chaos, characterized by increased neural signal diversity, reduced chaoticity, and heightened deviance detection.
5840h agoThe brain uses a distinct prediction error signal, called absence prediction error, to detect the absence of a stimulus, and this signal is encoded in the auditory thalamus and cortex.
5840h agoThalamic atrophy, independent of lesion damage, affects information processing speed in people with multiple sclerosis.
5840h agoA state-of-the-art method stabilizes brain networks modelled from EEG data, effectively suppressing seizure activity in 34 out of 35 episodes from patients.
5840h agoBiological principles can inform the design of efficient AI algorithms, offering scalability to millions of neurons without compromising learning performance.
5840h agoNeural networks trained independently develop similar internal representations, and this convergence is largely driven by shared input statistics and architectural biases, not the final task solution.
5840h agoCategory learning enhances discrimination between stimuli close to the category boundary by inducing an expansion of neural space near decision boundaries.
5840h agoNew strategies compute recurrence quantification analysis measures directly from time series or phase space vectors, reducing run times, memory use, and energy consumption while maintaining accuracy.
5840h agoChimera states in complex systems follow distinct scaling laws as they evolve, with the incoherent core radius scaling linearly and the average total positive winding number growing exponentially with the phase lag.
5840h agoThe generalized mKdV equation corresponds well with the KdV equation, and its static equations include the sn differential equation, with solutions connected by a special Lie group transformation.
5840h agoPrioritizing education yields the most positive spillover effects across the development network, according to a study that modeled the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals as a Networked Dynamical System.
5840h agoBreaking permutation symmetry with non-uniform interactions leads to new dynamical behaviors, including thermalization, as the system's behavior changes from a permutation symmetric model to a short-range integrable model as the interaction range decreases.
5840h agoPolychromatic solutions exist for cubically nonlinear Maxwell equations in dispersive media, describing localized, TM-polarized waves with temporal decay in a waveguide geometry.
5840h agoThe IDyNSD framework identifies unknown dynamical parameters from unordered, non-sequential data by minimizing Fokker-Planck residuals, providing two complementary routes for system identification.
5840h agoStokes' phenomenon emerges naturally in discrete equations from corresponding continuous differential equations as their order increases.
5840h agoA classical integrable system generates tsunami-like solitons on a disordered background, with the solitons arising from Bogoliubov quasiparticles and stationary solutions forming "KdV rocks" from normal electrons/holes.
5840h agoA sharp criterion for the stability of minimal compact solitons is established based on the nonlinearity and eigenspace projection, and it is applied to specific lattices to demonstrate stability and engineering possibilities.
5840h agoThe model describes how predator-prey interactions affect the size distribution of two populations over time using a kinetic framework based on Boltzmann-type equations.
5840h agoActive turbulence occurs in dense monolayers of motile unicellular algae, producing chaotic flows and unique patterns, with strongly non-Gaussian velocity distributions and power-law kinetic energy spectra.
5840h agoHyperuniformity in network design leads to advantages in transport efficiency and robustness, with hyperuniform-point-pattern-induced networks having smaller total effective resistances, faster random-walk mixing times, and fewer extreme-curvature edges than Poisson-point-pattern-induced networks.
5840h agoGenerative models can accelerate the design and discovery of new functional materials by integrating desired properties into the generation process, and a new framework called CrystaLLM-{\pi} achieves this by directly incorporating continuous property representations into its attention mechanism.
5840h agoAcoustic neural networks, which use sound waves to perform computation, can be systematically designed and trained to achieve low-power computation, enabling accurate speech classification with up to 95% accuracy.
5840h agoThe melting point of a crystal is largely determined by the cooperativity of the resulting liquid, which causes viscosities and relaxation times to vary by up to nine decades, rather than just the Lindemann criterion.
5840h agoComplex symmetric random matrices with Gaussian entries have a joint distribution of complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors that can be expressed in a closed form for any matrix size.
5840h agoTwisted bismuth bilayers exhibit a 10-fold increase in electronic density of states at the Fermi level at their edges, which can vastly increase superconducting critical temperature.
5840h agoDisorder correlations in certain high-dimensional graphs lead to robust multifractal states with a broad distribution of multifractality, characterized by a qualitative difference in scaling between mean and typical inverse participation ratios.
5840h agoThe renormalization group techniques reveal universal aspects of signal detection in nearly-continuous positive spectra, highlighting a maximum entropy model with large-scale and small-scale regimes and a universal relation between phase transition and symmetry breaking.
5840h agoA general framework links transition graphs to microscopic parameters of interacting hysterons, allowing understanding of statistical properties and design of pathways and memory effects in materials.
5840h agoTransitions in complex quantum systems from chaotic to integrable phases show sharp changes in complexity, but different markers of complexity can reveal these transitions at different critical points.
5840h agoCortical circuits generate and adjust planned movements by using internal network states to shape behavior, and fluctuations in these states explain variations in reaction time and movement inhibition.
5844h agoThe sensorimotor system uses a consistent control strategy to weight position and velocity feedback similarly for both walking and standing tasks.
5848h agoHallucinogenic psychedelics trigger a distinct global signalling response in neural cells, characterised by a coordinated reorganisation of protein phosphorylation patterns, which separates them from non-hallucinogenic counterparts.
5848h agoThe olfactory bulb's glomeruli have a stable map of activity that is shaped by multiple inputs and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease, leading to loss of functional inhomogeneity.
5848h agoThe regenerative ability of mammalian vestibular organs is limited because their junctional actin cables have different properties than those in birds, which allow for greater plasticity and cellular regeneration.
5848h agoAdult stem cells in the central nervous system can change into a different type of cell and help repair damaged nerve fibers by becoming a type of cell that normally only exists in the peripheral nervous system.
5848h agoThe mouse optic tract lacks fine-scale retinotopy, maintaining only a broad topographic structure with retinal ganglion cell axons showing rough rather than precise spatial organization.
5852h agoTrigeminal neuralgia mouse model with intradural nerve root compression shows orofacial neuropathic pain, increased spontaneous activity in trigeminal ganglia, and neuroinflammation.
5852h agoOligodendrocytes and myelin help improve neuronal deficits in Alzheimer's Disease by supporting energy metabolism and reducing oxidative damage.
5852h agoNeural sensitivity to weak electric fields depends on the type of input used to drive cell activity and the statistics of the received inputs.
5852h agoActivating or inhibiting PBN neurons expressing Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide modulates anxiety-like behavior in a sex- and stress-specific way during alcohol withdrawal.
5852h agoStrokes cause lasting motor deficits, and intensive training partly improves motor function, but mostly leads to compensatory use of the unaffected side, however, it also promotes a specific neural pathway that supports motor recovery.
5852h agoPyramidal neurons in the hippocampus have different types of inputs with distinct properties, which are mapped and found to have a molecular logic that underlies their organization.
5852h agoScientists have developed a cell-based test that can measure human prion infectivity, allowing for the study of prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in a laboratory setting.
5852h agoActivation of glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area suppresses hippocampal sharp-wave ripples during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, and may play a role in altering memory consolidation.
5852h agoSocial experience regulates social decision-making when animals are sick, and certain brain regions and behavioural phenotypes play a role in this process.
5852h agoPsychedelic drugs disrupt local brain region synchrony and alter global functional connectivity by acting on different molecular and cellular targets.
5852h agoSynesthesia generates extra conscious percepts, such as seeing color when reading numbers, and brain responses show that synesthetes' pupil reactions to these colors are similar to their reactions to real colors.
5852h agoAutism's white-matter organisation shows a dimensional and individually patterned architecture, with stable, person-specific deviations from shared neurodevelopmental pathways linked to behavioural variation among autistic individuals.
5856h agoCriticality, a state that maximizes computational capacity and adaptability, is a universal principle of brain function that applies to systems of any dimensionality.
5856h agoSubcortical sensorimotor networks can compute musculoskeletal dynamics to initiate reaching in humans, transforming target information into precisely coordinated muscle activations.
5856h agoInfant brain networks mature rapidly and differently across various brain systems, with visual and cerebellar systems showing the fastest development and motor/attention systems changing more gradually.
5856h agoLosartan does not improve task-switching performance in healthy adults, but may have a specific benefit for accuracy on certain types of switch trials.
5856h agoBiophysically detailed neuron models enable direct end-to-end training of spiking neural networks on image classification, regression, and time series prediction tasks through standard backpropagation.
5856h agoNeurons in high-grade human gliomas are more electronically active and have altered synaptic responses, and this heightened activity is linked to faster tumor growth.
5860h agoA new method called ReForm adjusts reference intervals for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve accuracy when applying to new samples.
5860h agoA machine-learning-based decoder offers a strategy for rectifying errors in logic quantum circuits, which helps bring reliable and fault-tolerant quantum systems closer to reality.
5860h agoBrain activity changes as people shift from imagining external tasks to internal thoughts, with different networks activated when imagining social versus solitary activities.
5860h agoSynaptic MEMOIR enables imaging of neuronal projections in animal brains with single-synapse resolution, allowing mapping of neural wiring diagrams across large brain volumes.
5860h agoThe brain extracts information about object identities and their dynamics by comparing predicted sensory signals with actual inputs to guide behavior.
5860h agoMutations in the neurexin gene family lead to paralog-specific behavioural alterations in zebrafish, including changes in social behaviour, aggression, and anxiety-like behaviours, despite normal early development.
5860h agoChildren with developmental dyslexia can have different cognitive profiles, with some having difficulties in executive functioning and processing speed, and others in verbal short-term memory and word retrieval, despite similar reading impairments.
5860h agoDomain-general cognition affects conclusions about distinct neuroanatomy for specific cognitive functions when not accounted for in lesion-deficit mapping.
5860h agoTissue conductivity representations that link macroscopic assumptions with microscopic tissue structure are needed for accurate simulations of electric fields in brain stimulation.
5864h agoEveryday human-computer interactions can be used to track and assess mental health, and a new machine-learning framework called MAILA can accurately predict mental health states from digital activity.
5864h agoMIMIC-MJX, a new framework, learns neural control policies from kinematics to model how the nervous system controls movement and behavior.
5864h agoReducing mitochondrial efficiency in glial cells drives sustained depolarization, ATP collapse, and elevated ROS, leading to tumor-like transitions that mimic glioblastoma.
5864h agoNeural data can legitimately inform welfare judgements for policy when the neural-computational mapping is well validated, the decision model identifies true interests, and the welfare criterion is explicitly specified and defended.
5864h agoLarge multi-modal models fail to identify when and where interactions between objects and agents begin or end in videos, despite being able to describe objects, surroundings, and actions.
5864h agoTraumatic Brain Injury causes pathological degradation at various biological levels, and a new continuum framework models the mechano-chemical interactions underlying this process, identifying key biomarkers and potential targets for treatment.
5864h agoBifurcation parameters from a brain network model distinguish between brain states associated with resting and task-based conditions.
5864h agoThe Brain-Muscle-Hand Interface (BMHI) decodes brain signals to reconstruct muscle activity, enabling natural and continuous control of a myoelectric interface, achieving a prediction accuracy of 0.79 and outperforming conventional brain-computer interfaces.
5864h agoAutism spectrum disorder involves a reorganization of brain network dynamics, characterized by a redistribution of coevolutionary energy, particularly within the default mode network and its interactions with other networks.
5864h agoDopamine facilitates movement by disinhibiting the thalamus and has a complex, region-specific effect on signal-to-noise ratio within the Cortico-Striatal-Thalamo-Cortical loop.
5864h agoDecoded Neurofeedback (DecNef) simulations can now be done using DecNefLab, a new framework that helps researchers understand and improve DecNef, a non-invasive approach to brain modulation.
5864h agoRecurrence microstate probabilities improve the accuracy of machine learning algorithms in classifying dynamical systems and colored noise by reducing dimensions, computational time, and memory usage.
5864h agoHamiltonian systems that satisfy the Lagrange identity have extra tensor invariants beyond the basic ones that all Hamiltonian systems have.
5864h agoCyclonic systems in the North Atlantic are more persistent, numerous, and longer-lived than anticyclonic systems, with both types showing strong winter maxima and summer minima in intensity, lifetime, and frequency.
5864h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert problem formalism for the Camassa-Holm equation under periodic boundary conditions is developed, representing the solution in terms of the solution of the associated Riemann-Hilbert problem and initial data.
5864h agoA model of active individuals shows that natural flocks and swarms exhibit scale invariance and can have high and low polarization while staying spatially homogeneous.
5864h agoLoss of immunity and environmental factors cause multiannual cycles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, which can be disrupted by interventions and are hard to predict long-term.
5864h agoNon-reciprocal interactions in a coupled oscillator system lead to new dynamical states, including traveling chimera, run-and-chase, and coexistence phases, and alter the state diagram of the chimera state.
5864h agoNon-Hermitian topology protects transport in one-dimensional systems up to a substantial critical disorder strength, and a sharp phase transition to Anderson localization occurs beyond this point.
5864h agoSpin-current noise dominates skyrmion dynamics in typical racetrack structures up to room temperature, affecting stochastic motion and error sources in high-speed racetrack memory devices.
5864h agoSurface states of a bulk class-CI topological lattice model can be Anderson localized by weak quenched randomness and hybridization with an additional trivial 2D band.
5864h agoThe two-dimensional Ising spin glass has a line of renormalization group fixed points that corresponds to a one-generator continuous internal symmetry, which explains why it has no finite temperature transition to a spin glass phase.
5864h agoThe enhancement factor in wavefront shaping has giant fluctuations in the strongly scattering regime due to long-range mesoscopic correlations.
5864h agoMagnetic fields suppress the non-Hermitian skin effect in two-dimensional lattices by mitigating or suppressing boundary mode accumulation through mechanisms such as bulk localization and restoration of effective reciprocity.
5864h agoThe sound quanta in simple liquids at low temperatures have a new excitation spectrum with phonon-like dispersion and additional excitations with gaps in pseudo-momentum space.
5864h agoRydberg tweezer arrays with positional disorder and dimerization exhibit a localized phase that does not resemble standard Many-Body Localization (MBL), hosting an extensive fraction of Symmetry Protected Topological (SPT) states.
5864h agoA new statistical mechanics ensemble identifies a cluster of connected solutions in constraint satisfaction problems, revealing a transition point where paths of solutions break apart.
5864h agoStealthy disorder in one-dimensional Anderson model leads to localization lengths exceeding the system size at fixed disorder strength, enabling effective delocalization.
5864h agoConcentration difficulties, self-hatred, and irritability are key symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders in at-risk adolescents, and are linked to specific brain regions, namely the pallidum and nucleus accumbens.
5864h agoLactate metabolism helps support neurons and its disruption contributes to neurodegeneration risk by causing motor decline and interacting with ALS genetic risk.
5864h agoEarly life stress causes lasting changes in the brain, specifically an accumulation of a certain type of histone modification, which affects males and females differently and leads to social and cognitive problems.
5864h agoA new framework for image synthesis reveals a more selective mapping between individual layers of a convolutional neural network and specific brain regions, allowing researchers to understand how the brain processes images.
5864h agoPrior experience guides behavior in new situations by creating stable hippocampal representations that enable generalization, allowing for rapid adaptation to novel environments.
5864h agoThe brain's functional networks become more organized and consistent in structure between 0-6 months of age, with most networks showing increased neural engagement and varied changes in their spatial distribution.
5864h agoMutations in GRIN2A and AKAP11 genes cause distinct and often opposite changes in striatal dopamine signaling and behavior, leading to abnormal locomotion and neural activity.
5864h agoThe brain's large-scale networks become more spatially organized and refined during the first six months of life, converging towards a standard architecture.
5864h agoNPC1 disease causes neurodegeneration in the olfactory system, leading to decreased olfactory sensory neurons, increased neuroinflammation, and impaired odorant responses.
5868h agoHormonal changes across the menstrual cycle influence whole-brain structural dynamics.
5876h agoGonadal hormones influence brain structure across a person's lifespan by causing fluctuations in brain volume that are shaped by different hormonal conditions.
5876h agoEmotional experiences are recalled with similar feelings, and brain activity shows that a stable core of emotions is preserved from perception to memory, with context-dependent changes added during recall.
5876h agoPeople's performance varies throughout the day based on their chronotype, with early chronotypes performing better in the morning and late chronotypes performing better in the evening, and this pattern persists even when individuals follow their preferred sleep schedules.
5876h agoThe dorsal medulla has a special vascular network that connects two key brain areas, allowing directed transfer of signals from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the area postrema.
5876h agoEmotion regulation strategies are linked to distinct cortical oscillatory systems, and interpersonal dispositions such as attachment anxiety and avoidance influence their neural implementation.
5876h agoThe i3Neurosphere culture model enables high-throughput imaging of hundreds of axons in human cortical neurons, allowing study of microtubule dynamics and cargo motility.
5876h agoPhosphorylated tau protein changes microtubule function and neural circuit activity, leading to altered behavior, whereas unphosphorylated tau stabilizes microtubules.
5876h agoHypovolemia triggers vasoconstriction of parenchymal arterioles in the supraoptic nucleus through an AVP-mediated mechanism that remains intact in heart failure.
5876h agoComplement activation increases after acute ischemic stroke, with different complement pathways showing distinct patterns over time, and specific markers associated with patient outcomes.
5876h agoVascular dementia alters one-carbon metabolism and gene expression in brain tissue, with differences in effects between males and females.
5876h agoMutations in Ank3 disrupt the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the cortex, leading to impaired sensory processing, abnormal synchronization, and selective affective and regulatory deficits.
5876h agoChoroid plexus apocrine secretion changes the protein composition of cerebrospinal fluid during mouse brain development.
5880h agoA genome-wide association study discovers 23 new genetic locations linked to bipolar disorder and identifies 39 genes and cell types that may play a role in the condition.
5884h agoListeners use prediction to break down continuous speech into hierarchical linguistic units, and their brain activity is modulated by linguistic features such as surprisal and entropy reduction.
5884h agoMaternal distress during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with changes in brain structure in 5-year-old children, with prenatal and postnatal distress linked to different brain regions.
5884h agoLong-lived proteins at synapses help stabilize them, and changes in these proteins, influenced by sex and experience, may regulate memory and contribute to psychiatric risk.
5884h agoExpectation-related signals are strongest in deep layers of the auditory cortex, while stimulus drive and expectation are strongest in superficial layers, and repetition suppression affects all layers equally.
5884h agoPunishment learning reorganizes brain networks, creating a network anchored by the amygdala, subthalamic hypothalamic zone, and ventral midbrain tegmentum, which enables adaptive avoidance of harmful actions.
5884h agoLack of Bassoon in GABAergic interneurons leads to reduced brain activity and severe learning impairment, while lack of Bassoon in glutamatergic forebrain neurons increases brain activity and enhances learning.
5884h agoThe amygdala's different types of neurons respond distinctly to social dominance cues, with specific clusters of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons activated by dominant or subordinate olfactory signals.
5884h agoThalamoprefrontal circuit activity shifts from anticipatory to preparatory periods as learning progresses, and distinct connectivity patterns in this circuit distinguish learners from non-learners in both mice and humans.
5884h agoClimbing fibers in the cerebellum can change their structure in response to activity, and this process affects synaptic transmission and may contribute to encoding memories.
5884h agoBody signals functionally drive cognition through a thermodynamic sequence where brain-body resonance acts as a discrete gate triggering non-linear information integration.
5888h agoPsychedelics like psilocybin reorganize brain connectivity, and a new multimodal graph fusion network called Brain-MGF can distinguish psilocybin from no-psilocybin conditions with over 74% accuracy using EEG and fMRI data.
5888h agoNutraceuticals, bioactive compounds from food sources, offer a promising prospect for preventing and treating ischemic stroke by activating protective pathways and reducing key drivers of injury.
5888h agoMultiDiffNet, a diffusion-based framework, learns a compact latent space to decode electroencephalography (EEG) and achieves state-of-the-art generalization across various neural decoding tasks.
5888h agoA novel brain-inspired transformer model, called RCCT, improves unsupervised domain adaptation performance by using a core-periphery structure to control information exchange between image patches, achieving top performance on several benchmarks.
5888h agoA unified framework called Perceptogram decodes images from EEG signals using a simple linear decoder and reveals interpretable EEG feature maps that support visual perception.
5888h agoConsciousness is a macro phenomenon that cannot be explained by micro-level laws alone, requiring a new methodology that acknowledges the causal efficacy of macro-level phenomena.
5888h agoA model of perceptual decision making uses efficient sensory encoding and Bayesian decoding of neural activity to generate choices and response times from visual stimuli.
5888h agoArtificial Intelligence helps classify spikes in brain signal data, which is important for understanding diseases and human-computer interaction, by assisting in the accurate identification of neural activity noises.
5888h agoEfficient information transfer in natural flocks during collective turns arises from non-reciprocal local interactions, and a wave propagating across the flock undergoes scattering.
5888h agoA direct linearisation scheme leads to an elliptic parametrisation of the lattice CKP equation, allowing construction of elliptic solutions and elliptic multi-soliton solutions.
5888h agoStable multipole-mode solitons with an arbitrarily high number of lobes exist in a two-dimensional optical medium with defocusing saturable nonlinearity and an annular potential trough.
5888h agoA phase reduction method for reaction-diffusion systems with a discrete delay is developed, allowing for the analysis of oscillatory systems with spatial degrees of freedom and delay.
5888h agoEquations have three-soliton solutions if they meet specific conditions on the powers of their Hirota D-operators, and certain types of equations can also have lump and hybrid solutions.
5888h agoThe Stuart-Landau oscillator system in 3 and 4 dimensions exhibits emergent dynamical phenomena, including synchronization, multistability, and partial amplitude death or oscillation death, depending on whether rotational symmetry is preserved or broken.
5888h agoThe spectrum of a periodic non-self-adjoint Dirac operator depends on a semiclassical parameter, with bounds on the spectrum providing sharp estimates and a condition ensuring spectral confinement to the real and imaginary axes.
5888h agoTaping the ends of data-driven algorithms with weighted averages makes them converge much faster, and this simple change can deliver better results without extra cost.
5888h agoThe kicked-Ising model, used as a quantum battery, achieves maximal charging and shows remarkable robustness against disorder.
5888h agoAn autocatalytic mechanism proposes that bursts of Hawking radiation from evaporating micro-primordial black holes trigger the collapse of plasma overdensities, forming new black holes and producing a stochastic gravitational-wave background.
5888h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert method is used to analyze a family of Painlev\'e functions, obtaining their asymptotic behavior, which is related to the moments of the Riemann zeta function and the Hardy Z-function.
5888h agoA unified framework analyzes how discrete-time complex networks respond to external signals, and finds that network architecture and input-output node selection shape information flow.
5888h agoThe LMC statistical complexity measure fails to identify states of high structural complexity in a two-dimensional XY model, often assigning maximal complexity to nearly equilibrated configurations while underestimating complex vortex-rich states.
5888h agoLocalized field configurations with finite energy exist in a 2+1 dimensional model, characterized by a U(1) frequency and winding number, and possessing Noether charge and non-trivial angular momentum.
5888h agoStationary compact fluxon profiles exist as exact solutions in an inductively coupled and dc-biased Josephson junction ladder, and they have distinct properties depending on their symmetry and topological charge.
5888h agoPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) accurately predict bifurcation phenomena in ecological migration models and provide deeper insights into underlying dynamics, offering a flexible and efficient alternative to traditional numerical methods.
5888h agoFour nonidentical phase oscillators with repulsive coupling can exhibit all possible modes of frequency synchronization, including global, cluster, and switching regimes, depending on the coupling strength and natural frequency mismatch.
5888h agoA new model-driven approach predicts epidemic dynamics by exploiting real data and the multiscale structure of infection dynamics, providing robust predictions of viral load kinetics.
5888h agoEvolutionarily stable strategy definitions for asymmetric games differ in how they relate to fixed points of the replicator equation, and some definitions are equivalent.
5888h agoIsomonodromic deformations of irregular-singular connections on complex curves are classified using new mathematical tools, including reflections cosets and "fission" trees, leading to a complete classification of hyperplane arrangements and new insights into complex reflection groups.
5888h agoA modeling framework for binary-choice dynamics reveals that individual-level diversity can be effectively ignored under certain conditions, and that annealed and quenched dynamics are equivalent when a specific constraint on transition probabilities is met.
5888h agoThe Fredkin spin chain lacks local conserved charges, making it a nonintegrable model, and this nonintegrability persists even when some of its Hamiltonian terms are removed.
5888h agoLarge AI models can avoid overfitting and improve performance on unseen data as they grow, a phenomenon called double descent, and analog physical systems can exhibit this behavior too.
5888h agoRandom-matrix theory helps to separate signal from noise in large data sets by showing that the singular value density obeys a quartic equation with explicit asymptotics in the strong-signal regime.
5888h agoContrastive Local Learning Networks, analog networks of self-adjusting nonlinear resistors, can perform simple reinforcement learning tasks using Q-learning, making them potentially useful for energy-limited autonomous agents in uncertain environments.
5888h agoThe positivization of one-dimensional $J_1 -J_2$ model ground states in strongly frustrated regimes depends on the boundary conditions and parity of the simulated spin chains.
5888h agoOptical phase-change materials enable compact and efficient reconfigurability in photonic devices, and a new platform using these materials achieves simultaneous control of up to 25 matrix elements in multi-port devices.
5888h agoA new method accurately captures the mechanical response of glassy polymers, like poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), across more than twenty decades in frequency.
5888h agoA new procedure approximates the universal density functional in density functional theory by first applying Moreau-Yosida regularization and then using a neural network, producing a differentiable and mathematically consistent approximation.
5888h agoThe glass transition can be predicted from changes in the structure factor's realizability, even if the structure factor itself only changes slightly.
5888h agoThe local moment susceptibility in doped semiconductors exhibits a robust power-law behavior across the metal-insulator transition.
5888h agoIntroducing local lattice defects into the Kitaev honeycomb spin liquid produces a phase transition with a transition temperature that depends on the defect density.
5888h agoEcho state networks switch from limited to rapidly increasing information processing capacity when their nonlinearity level passes a critical threshold.
5888h agoThe expectation values of local observables in disordered quantum many-body systems can be distributed over a wide interval and exhibit nontrivial structure, which may falsely suggest non-ergodicity.
5888h agoLocalization and delocalization transitions in a generalized random graph lattice are driven by a competition between the non-Hermitian skin effect and Anderson localization, with both coexisting even in the presence of strong disorder.
5888h agoThe Virtual Crystal Approximation and super cell method produce comparable results for total energy and density of states of bulk GaAsxP1-x, and the bulk of a mixed-crystal slab has a minor influence on its surface configuration.
5888h agoCrystalline symmetry can predict bulk and surface properties of topological phases by using topological crystalline markers to characterize bulk topology in symmetric crystalline insulators and superconductors.
5888h agoTransformer models learn from examples within their context through a process called in-context learning, which can be analytically characterized by deriving the dynamics of stochastic gradient descent for a simplified linear transformer.
5888h agoNeural networks generalize abruptly after memorizing data, a phenomenon called grokking, which can be understood by framing it as a physical system's relaxation process, and this process shows no entropy barrier between memorization and generalization.
5888h agoSymmetry breaking in photonic systems can enhance light trapping by strengthening in-plane nonlocal coupling pathways, allowing for advanced light manipulation and polarization conversion in nonlocal metasurfaces.
5888h agoPerceptual learning improves behavioral performance by increasing functional connectivity between visual areas that process task-relevant information.
5896h agoElevated beta-amyloid PET burden and sex interact with gene expression to impact plasma pTau217 levels, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease.
5896h agoA compact cluster of neurons in the zebrafish brain responds vigorously to strongly harmful stimuli, but not to milder threats, and this neural circuit is conserved across species.
5896h agoLoss of ATP8A2 leads to immune-mediated neurodegeneration through increased exposure of phosphatidylserine, and inhibiting immune cell attack against neurons may be a potential treatment for related diseases.
5896h agoGenerative AI and generative linguistics are compatible.
5900h agoThe hippocampal subfields appear and disappear in a consistent order along the hippocampus, and their borders have specific locations and relationships to other structures.
5900h agoA novel EMG-based assistive controller that leaves a fraction of predicted human gravity torque uncompensated reduces muscle effort and improves movement performance.
5900h agoA combination therapy of baricitinib, memantine, and riluzole shows promise for treating sporadic ALS cases.
5904h agoStructured neuronal sequences emerge independently of sensory input in human brain organoids and mouse cortical slices.
5904h agoLecanemab therapy for Alzheimer's disease induces a transcriptional program in human microglia that enhances plaque phagocytosis through osteopontin.
5904h agoA mouse brain atlas, developed using local dendritic patterns from over 101,000 neurons, links local dendritic architecture to long-range neuronal projections with improved anatomical precision.
5904h agoSyntaxin-1A clusters, regulated by Munc18, suppress neurotransmitter fusion through a phase-separation-based mechanism.
5904h agoEngineering human microglia with a specific gene variant helps protect neurons in the brain and resists tau-induced dysfunction, offering a potential new therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
5904h agoMindfulness meditation increases DNA methylation in genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in a way that may protect against the condition.
5908h agoD1 medium spiny neurons in the ventral striatum become more selective in their firing properties as mice learn to distinguish between reward-paired and unpaired cues.
5908h agoA spatially detailed map of brain cell types in marmoset monkeys reveals that brain cell identity is shaped by both internal factors and external context, with findings including spatially precise neuronal assemblies and gradients of transcription factors within certain brain structures.
5908h agoThe basal ganglia have a complex but highly organized molecular structure with gene expression gradients and distinct compartments, which is conserved across humans, monkeys, and marmosets.
5908h agoCortical layer 1 is metabolically active and capable of local protein synthesis, with a unique transcriptome that allows for specialized synaptic function.
5908h agoLanguage lateralization does not directly influence hemispheric asymmetries in visuospatial attention and numerical cognition, and atypical language lateralization does not simply mirror typical lateralization patterns.
5908h agoThe WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin repair by interacting with the SOX10 transcription factor and sustaining its downstream myelin gene network.
5908h agoFoxP2 is expressed in most thalamic nuclei across species, with highest expression in midline and intralaminar nuclei, and plays a conserved role in shaping thalamic circuits supporting sensorimotor integration, attention, memory, and linguistic processing.
5908h agoThe brain does not pre-activate upcoming words during natural language comprehension, but instead reflects past words through postdiction.
5912h agoLarge language models can compute psychopathology, with experiments showing that they have a computational structure of psychopathology that becomes denser as the model size increases.
5912h agoThe brain's heterogeneous regions form task-specific pathways through specific constraints, including routing costs, scaling factors, and randomized expert dropout, which encourage reliable pathway formation.
5912h agoDeep learning models can reliably predict a person's brain MRI several years into the future, allowing for individualized prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
5912h agoSpatially-bounded rogue waves can arise in a limited region of space when certain conditions are met in the Davey-Stewartson I equation, forming a single or multiple closed curves on the spatial plane and then disappearing into the background.
5912h agoFrobenius-driven revivals occur in prime-modulus Laplacian cellular automata, where chaotic transients collapse into exact replicas of an initial seed at specific times.
5912h agoThe volume-price distribution of New York Stock Exchange equities follows a stochastic evolution that is driven by different dynamics for its shape and scale parameters, with shape parameters often behaving like a pure diffusion and scale parameters showing dominant jump-diffusion dynamics.
5912h agoSteady water waves that are evanescent in every horizontal direction exist under certain conditions, specifically when vorticity and velocity fields are parallel and surface tension has a strong influence.
5912h agoThe kinetic coefficients, specifically the relative mobilities of polymer and solvent/non-solvent, have dramatic effects on the patterns formed during Non-Solvent induced phase separation, determining whether phase separation occurs and the nature of the resulting pattern.
5912h agoA model of competing political ideas and power shows that societies experience punctuated equilibria and a phase transition to disorder, driven by the cumulative advantage effect of political power and intra-elite conflict.
5912h agoThe left-right Husimi representation of chaotic scattering systems remains invariant under closed classical dynamics and factorizes into a classical multifractal structure and universal quantum fluctuations.
5912h agoThe Bennett profile's nonlinearity can be transferred to plasma flow velocity, resulting in a flowing Z-pinch equilibrium with a vortical flow that meets the validity criterion for shear-flow stabilization under certain temperature profile constraints.
5912h agoHigh stress levels are indicated in the source area of the 17th-century Hokkaido megaquake, while low stress levels are found in the source area of the 2011 Tohoku megaquake.
5912h agoA single complex impurity in infinite tight-binding lattices leads to counterintuitive phenomena, including regions where localization vanishes and re-emerges as the impurity strength varies.
5912h agoReluctant search algorithm's performance depends on the distribution of entries in the coupling matrix of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, unlike greedy search which shows universality across a broad range of distributions.
5912h agoNon-reciprocal interactions cause the two-time correlation and response functions to depend on both times, leading to exponential decays in long-time relaxation and, under certain conditions, a transition to an oscillatory regime with periodic oscillations.
5912h agoA quantum nonlinear driven-dissipative mode can act as a quantum reservoir, allowing linear regression to recognize parameters of incident squeezed states from the emission spectrum.
5912h agoA scalable and noise-resilient protocol combines error correction algorithms with classical shadow tomography to detect entanglement transitions in a projective version of the transverse field Ising model.
5912h agoA new method can efficiently compute stationary states for ecosystems with sparse and asymmetric interactions, providing a tool to explore stability in realistic ecological communities.
5912h agoGraph neural networks' performance improves with more convolutional steps, but their architecture must scale with depth to avoid oversmoothing and approach optimal performance.
5912h agoPlace-cell networks with higher-order neural interactions can store a large number of patterns, enabling navigation on general surfaces in 3-dimensional space.
5912h agoA charged particle in a fluctuating magnetic field can undergo exponential acceleration of its diffusion, even with rare and abrupt field reversals.
5912h agoA novel method estimates the relative importance of input components for a Deep Neural Network by using a spectral re-parametrization of the optimization process, automatically ranking features without extra processing.
5912h agoA programmable photonic spin simulator emulates XY models with tunable lattice geometries and spin couplings, observing a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a square-lattice XY model and uncovering complex phase transitions and frustration effects in frustrated systems.
5912h agoA measure of quantum state complexity, defined as the divergence between Shannon or von Neumann entropy and second-order R\'enyi entropy, reliably signals crossovers from integrable to chaotic phases in quantum systems.
5912h agoTraining large language models with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) shows a set of puzzling behaviors due to the self-organization of a sparse concept web in semantic space.
5912h agoThe Yukawa-SYK model bridges single-particle and many-body chaos, and its interaction strength acts as a control parameter to create different dynamical regimes.
5912h agoConventional lipid nanoparticles can transfect a broader range of retinal cell types, including Muller glia, neurons, and vascular cells, and their efficiency is influenced by administration method, retinal degeneration, and inner limiting membrane integrity.
5912h agoInfants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder have reduced ability to track syllables in speech, which correlates with their verbal outcomes at 20 months.
5924h agoPitch perception of musical chords cannot be fully explained by the rate-place model, which suggests that pitch is computed from spatial patterns of average neural firing rates.
5940h agoOral Actinomyces species associated with cannabis use cause anxiety-like behaviors, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced neurotransmission in mice by producing harmful metabolites.
5940h agoCoincident high-amplitude oscillations across the cortex play a key role in enabling cognition by forming transient oscillatory networks that impact attention and decision-making.
5940h agoThousands of genes are differentially expressed across individual neurons in the nervous system of C. elegans during post-embryonic development, driving changes in neuron numbers, size, connectivity, and differentiation.
5940h agoFrontal lobe damage leads to a distinctive decision-making profile marked by altered utility curvature and reduced sensitivity to outcome magnitudes, causing people to make more risky choices for themselves and more cautious choices for others.
5940h agoParamagnetic and diamagnetic substances both contribute to the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in the brain, with paramagnetic components showing strong anisotropy in deep gray matter and parts of white matter.
5940h agoS100A9 protein plays a dual role in progressive multiple sclerosis, contributing to neurotoxicity when found in extracellular aggregates, but conferring neuroprotection when expressed in microglia.
5952h agoOctopuses' arms have internal nerve connections that help coordinate complex movements along their length.
5952h agoExtraverts retain their ability to focus attention despite distraction, whereas introverts' attentional focus worsens with increasing distraction, due to differences in cortical arousal and brain network connectivity.
5952h agoNeural activity outside of task-related coding subspaces, referred to as residual dimensions, plays a critical role in driving behavior by interacting with coding dimensions to shape neural dynamics.
5952h agoATTO 490LS enables high sensitivity and multiplexed imaging with single-wavelength excitation in two-photon microscopy with a 165-nm Stokes shift and peak emission at 640 nm.
5952h agoNew numerical algorithms reduce computational resources needed to solve edge states in large-scale photonic or acoustic structures.
5956h agoWriting an effective point-by-point response document requires following specific recommendations.
5956h agoLarge language models are viable models of human language processing, according to research that validated their use by comparing them to high-quality brain responses from multiple participants.
5956h agoParallel symbolic enumeration (PSE) discovers physical laws from data with improved accuracy and speed.
5956h agoMorphological complexity affects how the brain processes word frequency during visual word recognition, with surface frequency influencing neural representations of inflected words more than simple words.
5960h agoMost early-born subplate neurons persist as layer 6b neurons in adulthood, and their apparent postnatal reduction in density is due to tangential cortical expansion, not neuronal loss.
5960h agoO-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modulates inhibitory synapse structure and signaling by responding to changes in cellular nutrient flux, affecting synapse morphology, receptor composition, and GABAergic circuit function.
5960h agoHippocampal neural sequences reflect the alignment of internally generated dynamics to external perception and are organized based on memory strategies employed by the animal in different contexts.
5960h agoAlpha-synuclein spontaneously forms toxic condensates with lipid droplets, which prevents the turnover of the lipid droplets and harms neighboring mitochondria.
5964h agoDHA in the brain is linked to cognitive performance in adolescents through a specific pathway in the deep white-matter, fornix, and thalamus.
5968h agoMachine learning algorithms can estimate brain age from neuroimaging data, and a study found that a pre-trained algorithm called PHOTON was most sensitive to differences between healthy individuals and those with bipolar disorder.
5968h agoBrain-predicted age difference, a measure of brain aging, is linked to lower cognitive performance, especially when using an algorithm that combines multiple types of imaging data.
5968h agoHumanized mouse models with specific mutations in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene develop muscle pathology similar to humans, and can be used to restore dystrophin expression with therapeutic approaches like exon skipping.
5968h agoIncluding region-wide activity perturbations in neural activity models helps accurately estimate interactions between brain regions.
5968h agoAlcohol and stress exposure leads to long-lasting cognitive impairments, particularly in cognitive flexibility, and pathological changes in the brain, persisting into midlife despite extended abstinence.
5968h agoXanomeline and its metabolite N-desmethylxanomeline act on multiple receptors, which may mediate some of their effects in treating schizophrenia.
5968h agoThe activity of AgRP/NPY neurons, which regulate hunger and metabolism, differs between young and middle-aged female mice, and is also affected by diet and biological age.
5968h agoMicroglia survival is regulated by a cytokine mechanism that involves lysosomal dynamics, where interleukin-10 receptor beta plays a crucial role in controlling microglial lifespan and clearance.
5968h agoThe ability to reason about the physical world and tool use can dissociate and be independently disrupted by brain damage.
5968h agoExosomes from young donors reverse the detrimental effects of aging on brain cells by restoring mitochondrial function and protein synthesis and suppressing inflammation.
5968h agoMithra, a new software toolkit, enables visualization and analysis of intracranial recordings by mapping electrodes to standardized brain spaces while preserving individual anatomy.
5968h agoAstrocytes help clear Alzheimer's disease-causing plaques from the brain through a process led by the Sox9 transcription factor, which helps preserve cognitive function.
5980h agoMice with impaired inhibitory synapses due to a lack of the protein Bassoon develop social behavioral deficits, abnormal motor behavior, anxiety, and epileptiform activity similar to those seen in autism spectrum disorders.
5980h agoAwe causes distinctive brain and body changes, including heightened brain activity and reduced sympathetic nervous system activity, linked to both physical sensations and subjective experience.
5980h agoThalamic excitation alone can drive cortical spiking, but its effectiveness depends on fluctuations in synaptic input.
5980h agoSpindles and slow oscillations in NREM sleep are coupled across the brain in a specific pattern, with the phase of slow oscillations changing along the brain's front-to-back axis, and this coupling declines with age.
5980h agoThe brain's neuron network changes between synchronized and unsynchronized patterns as neuron frequencies shift, following beat frequency statistics when neuron frequencies differ by a specific gap.
5984h agoGenerative AI works well because of clear principles, not complex algorithms, and these principles may also operate in the brain and be studied through machine learning research.
5984h agoTissue conductivity representations that link macroscopic assumptions with microscopic tissue structure are needed for accurate simulations of electric fields in brain stimulation.
5984h agoA unified framework proposes that representations in neuroscience are characterized by dimensions that describe relations between neural responses, represented features, and downstream effects.
5984h agoThe brain's statistical learning process plays a critical role in musical creativity and individuality.
5984h agoEmotional experiences are linked to specific bodily sensations, and mapping these sensations can provide a new understanding of how emotions are formed and experienced.
5984h agoA system filter helps improve brain-computer interface technology by removing individual variability in brain signals, allowing for better communication between brains and external devices.
5984h agoHigher task complexity and stronger feature learning reduce degeneracy in neural dynamics but increase it in weight space, while larger networks and structural regularization reduce degeneracy across behavior, neural dynamics, and weight space.
5984h agoThe study finds that an ensemble of four nonidentical phase oscillators with repulsive coupling can exhibit all possible modes of frequency synchronization, including global, cluster, and switching regimes.
5984h agoNon-reciprocal interactions in coupled oscillators lead to new dynamical states, including traveling chimera, run-and-chase, and coexistence phases, and alter the state diagram of the chimera state.
5984h agoThe inclined layer convection system exhibits a variety of spatio-temporal patterns, including the switching diamond panes pattern, which features large-scale oblique features and arises from the interaction of buoyancy and shear forces.
5984h agoThe brain's neuron network changes between synchronized and unsynchronized patterns as neuron frequencies shift, following beat frequency statistics when neuron frequencies differ by a specific gap.
5984h agoDifferent statistical methods are effective in identifying irreversible dynamics in different systems.
5984h agoPlanar non-topological solitons in models with nonlinear potentials bounded from below show kinematical stability and preserve full Schrödinger symmetry at low energies.
5984h agoA generalized Wilson-Cowan model accounts for the evolution of synaptic resources and shows that active excitatory and inhibitory neurons interact through a simplified framework.
5984h agoHigher-order topological insulators can be constructed using lattices with incomplete unit cells, allowing for localized modes of topological origin across a broader parameter space.
5984h agoA novel control strategy called homogeneous Proportional-Integral-Derivative (hPID) achieves robust and coordinated motion control of mobile robotic manipulators, guaranteeing global asymptotic stability and finite-time convergence.
5984h agoVortex solitons in Kerr media have their topological charge determined by the number of waveguide channels, and higher-order charges need larger arrays.
5984h agoCells can self-reproduce only when their growth and division processes work together, and their compatibility determines whether a cell system grows, dies, or stays stable.
5984h agoTime-modulated mechanical systems have a non-Bloch band theory that explains their unique behaviors, such as parametric resonance and non-reciprocal wave transmission, which differ from standard linear systems.
5984h agoA simulation model combines opinion dynamics and binary phase transition to describe how group pre-evacuation time emerges from individual interactions during crowd evacuation.
5984h agoMagnetic solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates can form bound states, or molecules, under certain conditions, and their collisions exhibit intriguing dynamics.
5984h agoA new language competition model shows that two languages can coexist in equilibrium, with minority language speakers often being either monolingual or bilingual.
5984h agoA charged particle in a fluctuating magnetic field can experience accelerated diffusion, and even rare magnetic field reversals can trigger exponential acceleration of its movement.
5984h agoA generalized Wilson-Cowan model accounts for the evolution of synaptic resources and shows that active excitatory and inhibitory neurons interact through a simplified framework.
5984h agoCombining disorder and a static electric field allows for manipulation of skin-mode localization in a two-dimensional nonreciprocal lattice, enabling control over boundary localization position.
5984h agoThe classical percolation phase transition in random potentials does not affect the Anderson localization length in the quantum regime, instead a smooth increase occurs as the system deviates from the classical limit.
5984h agoBranched polymers, including star-like and comb-like structures, show higher adsorption capacity for pollutants and heavy metal ions, with comb-like polymers having higher capacity but lower adsorption strength than star-like polymers.
5984h agoThe distribution of local interface heights at depinning displays negative skewness, which persists as the system approaches its thermodynamic limit and under different elasticity conditions.
5984h agoSimulated annealing's effectiveness depends on the structure of the energy landscape, with thermal and quantum annealing performing differently for certain interaction networks.
5984h agoThe generalized Lotka-Volterra model with a network structure reveals that the critical degree, a key order parameter, determines node extinction in both cooperative and competitive systems.
5984h agoLocalization transitions occur with the breaking of dynamical translational symmetry, which is a concept defined by the long-time dynamics of local observables, not by the Hamiltonian.
5984h agoMicrotubules in cells can support decoherence-resistant entangled states, allowing for dissipation-free energy transfer and potentially enabling scalable, ambient-temperature quantum computation.
5984h agoLead magnesium niobate has a Nb-rich sublattice and most of its Nb ions form a single percolating cluster with a mesh-like structure that prevents large space charges.
5984h agoZeolite intergrowths are feasible.
5984h agoThermal physics and quantum computing merge as a new area of research.
5984h agoLarge language models generate judgments based on patterns learned from vast amounts of text data.
5984h agoPerioGT, a self-supervised learning framework, uses periodicity priors and additional conditions to improve polymer property prediction under data scarcity.
5984h agoNeuronal populations operate near criticality, and maximum entropy models can distinguish subcritical from critical or supercritical systems, but may not differentiate between critical and supercritical states.
5988h agoCocaine abstinence changes gene expression in the brain, specifically increasing Cartpt in the nucleus accumbens, which in turn affects recovery from addiction.
5988h agoIgGs from long COVID patients bind to peripheral sensory neurons and induce pain-related symptoms in mice.
5988h agoYouth with ADHD show pronounced deviations in white-matter structural connectivity, which decrease as symptoms improve and can predict treatment response to certain medications.
5988h agoBinaural coupling between the two ears of green anole lizards enables frequency-dependent phase-locking and synchronization, which affects the generation of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and sound localization.
5988h agoAPOE genotype affects gene expression in a specific type of brain cell called oligodendrocytes, which differs by ancestry and may contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk.
5988h agoEarly tactile deficits in Alzheimer's patients are linked to tau pathology in spinal neurons and reducing tau levels in these neurons restores touch and improves cognition.
5996h agoPeople's brains respond differently to unfairness depending on their individual social cognition traits and sensitivity to trust violations.
5996h agoParaquat exposure causes age-dependent neurotoxic effects, with adults showing the greatest vulnerability to Parkinson's-like neurodegeneration, including neuronal degeneration and changes in serum alpha-synuclein levels.
5996h agoSuprathreshold paired-pulse TMS at short intervals cumulatively enhances corticospinal excitability during stimulation.
5996h agoBoth electrical and ultrasound transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhance emotional bias scores, shifting the perception of neutral and ambiguous faces towards positive interpretations and reducing negative emotional bias.
5996h agoThe gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-proprionic acid (IPA) facilitates recovery from neurological deficits and alleviates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by promoting microglia-mediated debris clearance.
5996h agoIndependent Filter Analysis (IFA) enhances sensitivity to group effects in fMRI data by preserving both shared and group-specific information during dimensionality reduction.
5996h agoMExConn, a new multi-expert U-Net architecture, simultaneously segments multiple organelles from electron microscopy images, outperforming existing methods and providing mechanistic interpretability.
5996h agoThe neural response to heartbeat is affected by pulse artifacts, especially during wakefulness and certain stages of sleep.
5996h agoThe left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a hierarchical and heterogeneous organization with different subregions having distinct connections to brain networks and behavioral functions, which informs optimal targeting for transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat depression.
5996h agoThe Hippocampal Subfields Group develops a reliable and freely available segmentation protocol for high-resolution MRI scans to standardize the identification of hippocampus subfields.
5996h agoCaffeine activates bitter taste neurons, causing rejection behavior in flies, by interacting with specific taste receptors and signaling pathways in certain neurons.
5996h agoMacaques weigh the costs and benefits of cooperation and adjust their social strategies based on reward contingencies, preferring individual actions but cooperating under favorable payoff conditions.
5996h agoMass univariate analyses, particularly permutation-based approaches, help correct for multiple comparisons in EEG data, enabling statistical inference with high sensitivity for detecting large effects.
5996h agoCK2 inhibitor CX-4945 decreases mutant huntingtin aggregation, improves neuronal function, and motor behavior, and ameliorates neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease mice.
5996h agoAccurate electrical properties of brain tissue are essential for modeling neurostimulation techniques; this study found conductivity values of 0.109 S/m for grey matter and 0.074 S/m for white matter, which are lower than standard simulation parameters.
5996h agoOptimizing electrode placement for Tumor Treating Fields therapy improves electric field intensity in tumors by 18%-34% compared to standard clinical practice.
5996h agoIndividuals with CLN3 disease show age-related differences in auditory sensory processing, with abnormal brain responses to sounds that change as they get older.
5996h agoThe FET protein family, which includes FUS, EWS, and TAF15, plays a role in RNA metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases, but reliable detection of individual FET proteins is challenging due to antibody cross-reactivity. or Antibodies for detecting FET proteins have variable performance, making research reproducibility a problem. or a more general sentence not using the word "antibody" Detection of FET proteins is challenging due to cross-reactivity and inconsistent localisation patterns. I rewrote to FET proteins are hard to detect reliably because antibodies cross-react with them.
5996h agoDopamine motivates animals to perform a behavior, but also reduces the effectiveness of dopamine signaling, leading to decreased value of repeated behavior.
6004h agoNeuronal m6A RNA methylation regulates excessive alcohol drinking and alcohol-dependent gene expression, and its dysregulation contributes to the development of alcohol use disorder.
6004h agoNeocortical areas have a rapid plasticity mechanism that allows for quick adaptation during learning, mediated by dendritic calcium plateau potentials.
6004h agoMaximum entropy models of neuronal populations show thermodynamic signatures of criticality in critical and supercritical cultures, but not in subcritical cultures.
6008h agoNeurons with adaptive current can synchronize teaching signals with neural activity by predicting future inputs, enabling efficient learning and memory formation over extended timescales.
6008h agoA method using a sequence of output neurons with bounded synaptic delays can effectively recognize temporal patterns of arbitrary length in spiking neural networks.
6008h agoMotor imagery with a loose grip improves serve performance in tennis players more than motor imagery with a tight grip.
6008h agoGoalkeepers with their arms up appear taller to penalty takers, but this illusion does not affect the takers' shots, which are instead influenced by the goalkeeper's position and available goal space.
6008h agoConsciousness is a macro phenomenon that cannot be explained by micro-level laws alone, requiring a new methodology that acknowledges the causal efficacy of macro-level phenomena.
6008h agoThe 2-component BKP hierarchy has a rewritten Lax equation using mixed pseudo-differential operators, and its tau functions have Darboux transformations that lead to additional symmetries and Pfaffian identities.
6008h agoThe study presents a dimensional reduction of Bose-Einstein condensates confined by generalized transverse potentials, deriving an effective one-dimensional equation that determines transverse width dynamics and accurately replicates 3D simulation results for ground-state properties and dynamical behavior.
6008h agoAdaptive rewiring of connections based on node similarity can drive complex structural self-organization in networks, leading to three distinct network phases: random connectivity, community structure, and fragmentation.
6008h agoGuichard transformations generate sequences of Voss surfaces by quadratures from a pseudospherical surface and a seed solution, and these transformations are linked to recursion operators for symmetries of the sine-Gordon equation.
6008h agoA quantum spin van der Pol oscillator model exhibits limit-cycle oscillations and synchronization properties, including frequency entrainment, mutual synchronization, and collective synchronization.
6008h agoA new model based on the Topological Dirac operator allows designing stable cluster synchronization patterns for oscillators associated with both nodes and edges of a network.
6008h agoGuided link rewiring can help create cooperative consensus by depolarizing social networks, with heterophilic rewiring and even simple random rewiring outperforming more complex algorithms.
6008h agoA non-perturbative definition of RMT${}_2$ is developed, which generalizes random matrix theory to be compatible with symmetries of two-dimensional conformal field theory.
6008h agoFaraday waves can probe collective excitations in self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates, with analysis revealing distinct regions of parametric resonance and Jeans instability in parameter space.
6008h agoLarge-scale turbulent flows determine small-scale flows in Navier-Stokes turbulence, and the essential resolution of observation needed to reconstruct small-scale flows is close to the forcing scale in two-dimensional turbulence, but close to the dissipation scale in three-dimensional turbulence.
6008h agoA new theoretical model for active matter reveals that the interplay of positional and orientational order in mobile agents leads to distinct phases, including stable patterns, complex topological defects, and active turbulence, depending on anisotropy and system size.
6008h agoA newly developed machine learning optimized classical potential accurately predicts structural variations in borosilicate glasses across different compositions.
6008h agoModerate random spatial truncation does not change the hyperuniformity classification of disordered systems, and modest reciprocal-space radial pooling effectively smooths spurious fluctuations without changing the classification.
6008h agoLithium halides with different halides and transition metals can be alloyed to tune their structure and properties as solid-state electrolytes, and their Li conductivity is mainly affected by the interplay of lattice parameter and chemical composition.
6008h agoA Hopfield network with high-dimensional vector spins has a retrieval phase that shrinks as the spin dimension grows, but gains the ability to denoise corrupted patterns at large capacities.
6008h agoThe Anderson model in one dimension can be solved using supersymmetry-based techniques to give an explicit linear integral equation that controls the density-of-states for arbitrary on-site potentials.
6008h agoSelf-distillation's performance improvement comes mainly from denoising through hard pseudo-labels, especially in moderately sized datasets.
6008h agoA new model based on the Topological Dirac operator allows designing stable cluster synchronization patterns for oscillators associated with both nodes and edges of a network.
6008h agoThe vomeronasal organ's sensory neurons rely on specific endoplasmic reticulum proteins to function properly, and the loss of one such protein, Canopy1, causes degeneration of certain neurons and disrupts their connectivity.
6008h agoDysfunction in the right inferior insula causes perceptual impairment in patients with long COVID brain fog, and targeting this region with non-invasive stimulation can improve the deficit.
6012h agoCortical dysplasias have disorganized brain tissue and altered microarchitecture, characterized by reduced microscopic fractional anisotropy and anisotropic kurtosis, and disorganized myelinated fibers.
6012h agoMitochondrial dysfunction can be targeted with engineered exosomes that are delivered precisely using a biocompatible chemical platform called strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
6012h agoThe activity state of lateral habenula neurons determines whether synchronous release of GABA and glutamate from ventral tegmental area neurons is functionally inhibitory or excitatory, affecting motivation.
6016h agoMatClassRSA, a MATLAB toolbox, performs classification and analysis of magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography data using Representational Similarity Analysis, offering researchers multiple classifiers, statistical analyses, and visualization tools.
6016h agoMecp2-deficiency impairs swallow-related neuromuscular mechanisms, including brainstem cholinergic signaling, leading to weakened muscle activity and increased risk of dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in Rett syndrome.
6016h agoTau accumulation in cells disrupts neuron balance, alters myelination pathways, and affects body weight and metabolic regulation through complex mechanisms involving multiple cell types.
6016h agoPrimary cilia and centrioles are differently organized in mouse and human brain microvasculature, with primary cilia mainly found on mural cells surrounding venules and capillaries, and EC centrioles positioned against blood flow direction.
6016h agoPeople's attempts to be unpredictable are more predictable when they rely on intuition and generate repetitive sequences, contrary to their goal of being random and hard to predict.
6016h agoThe left hemisphere of the brain is larger than the right hemisphere in marmosets, with differences in social cognition areas.
6016h agoBcl11a enhances the differentiation of aged oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelinating oligodendrocytes, restoring their impaired capacity for differentiation.
6020h agoNeuronal activity helps switch microglia from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-regenerative state, promoting repair in multiple sclerosis models.
6020h agoThe use of peri-operative analgesia is underreported in rat models of pain, and its use can reduce acute pain without impacting long-term research outcomes.
6020h agoThe relationship between synaptic potentiation and neuron-wide activation changes across different layers of the hippocampal CA1 region during the encoding and retrieval phases of memory.
6020h agoThe basal ganglia play a key role in invigorating movement according to environmental and energetic constraints, and also help regulate speech production based on ambient noise levels.
6020h agoThe Virtual Brain Ontology (TVB-O) offers a common vocabulary, metadata standard, and software toolbox that simplifies the description, execution, and sharing of brain network simulations, enhancing reproducibility, comparability, and portability across simulators.
6020h agoThe human brain's functional networks have a specific organization and coordination that develops from birth, with networks showing convergent and divergent spatial alignments that relate to neurobiological attributes and predict cognitive outcomes.
6020h agoGABA released from DD motor neurons inhibits embryo motion before most nerve ring synapses form, through both synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms.
6020h agoA panel of neuronal surface markers, including Nrxn2 and Pirt, enables effective isolation and enrichment of sensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglia.
6020h agoPersonality-like traits in fruit flies are shaped by social, sexual, and physiological conditions, and can be grouped into four main identities: exploration, social investment, avoidance, and aggression.
6020h agoThe protein Arc, located in the nucleus, regulates the transcription of GluA1 through PML, affecting homeostatic plasticity.
6024h agoThe ventral hippocampus helps control impulsive behavior by sending signals to the nucleus accumbens, and disrupting this circuit increases impulsive action in males.
6024h agoLower heart rate variability is associated with higher white-matter lesion volume, a marker of brain degeneration, in both young and old adults.
6024h agoUnique and stable functional brain maps are present at birth, and they predict cognitive, language, and motor outcomes in 18-month-old babies.
6024h agoInhibiting the AGTR1 receptor protects human midbrain dopamine neurons from degeneration and reduces the buildup of abnormal proteins, making it a promising strategy for treating Parkinson's disease.
6028h agoThe length of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system is determined by the diameter of the axon they cover, and this process is controlled by the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1.
6028h agoEnteroviruses cause muscle contraction loss in engineered human nerve and muscle cells, with different viruses targeting different cells and causing damage in distinct ways.
6028h agoThe anteromedial part of the olfactory tubercle boosts pleasant reactions to sweet tastes, while the anterolateral part suppresses them.
6028h agoHigher levels of Pavlovian bias are associated with treatment failures in smoking cessation, and this bias can undermine motivational effort to quit and increase the likelihood of relapse.
6028h agoA cyclic inter-subject training approach with lightweight subject-specific adaptation improves electroencephalogram-based imagined speech decoding across individuals.
6032h agoThe Disentangled Recurrent Neural Network (DisRNN) model improves the disentanglement and interpretability of neural population activity by assuming group-wise independence among latent dynamics.
6032h agoThe RBTransformer model uses EEG signals to recognize human emotions more accurately by modeling the dynamic interactions between different brain regions.
6032h agoThe frequency at which synchronized brain cells oscillate is linked to brain size, with larger brain networks oscillating slowly and smaller ones oscillating faster.
6032h agoBrain fog in long COVID patients is caused by dysfunction in the right inferior insula, and stimulating this region with ultrasound can improve the associated cognitive impairment.
6032h agoBrain network organization explains individual differences in language learning success, with certain networks contributing to overall learning and specific tasks.
6032h agoDopamine facilitates movement within the Cortico-Striatal-Thalamo-Cortical loop by disinhibiting the thalamus and has a complex, region-specific effect on signal-to-noise ratio.
6032h agoDecoded Neurofeedback simulation framework, DecNefLab, enables researchers to model, analyze, and understand neurofeedback dynamics, and design more robust protocols.
6032h agoA novel brain modeling approach called Topology Hierarchical Derived Brain Autoregressive Modeling (THD-BAR) captures both spatial and temporal dynamics of EEG signals, outperforming existing methods in large-scale pre-training and downstream tasks.
6032h agoA simple EEG analysis tool accurately identifies term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who require therapeutic hypothermia, achieving 98% accuracy within 6 hours of birth.
6032h agoQuantum models of consciousness can be grouped into three categories based on how quantum mechanics works in the brain, and these models offer ideas on how consciousness arises.
6032h agoThe phase space transport in a two-dimensional stretched caldera potential shows channel imbalance, figure-eight transport loops, and complex mixed-channel chaotic regions for smaller directional bias.
6032h agoTime-varying interactions disrupt oscillations in natural and man-made systems, but a new framework using coupling functions can analyze, assess, and control this oscillation quenching.
6032h agoDispersive shock waves are generated in physical settings such as optical waveguide arrays and superfluids confined within optical lattices, and can be modeled using a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential.
6032h agoThe nonlinear oscillator with a time-dependent coefficient has an exact quadratic invariant that constrains its dynamics to a smooth surface in phase space if the coefficient follows a specific form.
6032h agoMultiscale synergy is a design principle that produces new behaviors in systems with different characteristic scales, and a new framework programs this synergy to create emergent phenomena, such as novel spectra, transport, and topology.
6032h agoLight launched into any input port of a specially designed nonlinear array universally channels into a tightly localized ground state due to the interplay between lattice structure and nonlinear Hamiltonian components.
6032h agoThe Gross-Pitaevskii model reveals a theory of strong turbulence in two-dimensional systems with both repulsive and attractive interactions, showing that attraction is enhanced and repulsion is suppressed by collective effects.
6032h agoThe nonlinear extension of the J-matrix method reveals that a bifurcation with two stable solutions occurs at certain energy values for nonlinearities such as cubic and quintic interactions.
6032h agoTurbulence has both deterministic and stochastic properties, with repeatable patterns forming from identical random perturbations and a non-identical component from natural noise growing to dominate the flow.
6032h agoPolymers in turbulent flows change the transfer of energy, enstrophy, and helicity across different scales, depleting the nonlinear energy cascade at smaller scales and providing alternative routes for transfer that depend on the Deborah number.
6032h agoClassical Yang-Mills theories have exact structures that resemble integrability, with an infinite number of conserved charges, and two novel symmetries that generate an infinite-dimensional group.
6032h agoTopological gravity with arbitrary Dyson index β shows properties of quantum chaos, and its moduli space volumes follow a Mirzakhani-like recursion, interpolating between orientable and unorientable manifolds.
6032h agoThe Jordanian deformation of the AdS5 × S5 superstring results in a unique supergravity deformation with constant dilaton, and its integrable spin chain formulation reveals a non-trivially deformed ground state that matches classical string results.
6032h agoPhysical Neural Networks improve computational performance by using a layer-by-layer time-multiplexing scheme called ReLaX-Net, which efficiently reuses parameters with only minor modifications to conventional PNNs.
6032h agoSelective random defects can induce a topological transition in electron systems on a lattice, and can also smoothly connect the topological properties of different lattice systems.
6032h agoThe charge carrier mobility in QD solids strongly depends on the electric field due to the slow relaxation associated with the disorder-broadened density of localized states.
6032h agoMultiscale synergy is a design principle that produces new behaviors in systems with different characteristic scales, and a new framework programs this synergy to create emergent phenomena, such as novel spectra, transport, and topology.
6032h agoThe study investigates sound quanta in simple liquids at low temperatures and finds that the liquids have emergent non-interacting elementary excitations with phonon-like dispersion relations and additional excitations with gapped dispersion relations.
6032h agoA discontinuous percolation transition occurs in a bipartite network as nodes rewire their links to suppress the growth of neighboring clusters, resulting in a single macroscopic cluster with a finite fraction of nodes.
6032h agoThe phase diagram of a neural network can help choose the best hyperparameters for stochastic gradient descent by identifying three distinct phases with different weight matrix dynamics.
6032h agoThe training trajectories of deep and linear neural networks evolve on a low-dimensional manifold in the space of probability distributions, controlled by the decay rate of input correlation matrix eigenvalues, the scale of ground-truth output, and the number of gradient descent steps.
6032h agoThe attention-indexed model captures how token-level outputs emerge from interactions over high-dimensional embeddings in deep attention layers, allowing for closed-form predictions of generalization error and identifying phase transitions in learning.
6032h agoDNA-bead networks can perform complex computing tasks, and directed evolution can optimize their performance by finding the best network configurations.
6032h agoSymmetry breaking in Mie-resonant metasurfaces can enhance light trapping by strengthening in-plane nonlocal coupling pathways, and it opens new electromagnetic coupling channels for polarization conversion.
6032h agoA multimode random laser model with nonlinear interactions and a realistic gain-saturation constraint exhibits a spin-glass transition, preserving glassy behavior while preventing intensity condensation.
6036h agoA new neural network framework, Fermionic Antisymmetric Spatio-Temporal Network, solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for complex fermionic systems, enabling accurate simulation of long-time dynamics in quantum systems.
6036h agoThree neural mechanisms differentiate left-hand from right-hand drawing in right-handed adults: a left hemisphere system for bimanual control, increased engagement of a contralateral system for left-hand drawing, and an interhemispheric circuit for tool use for right-hand drawing.
6036h agoDirectional neural information flow between cortical regions supports successive stages of speech processing, with excitatory flows emerging from sensory cortices and propagating to higher-order regions, and then becoming bidirectional as speech processing develops.
6036h agoA tandem deep-learning approach allows for high-speed and quantitative metabolic profiling in live neuronal cells, revealing distinct metabolic adaptations among cell types under physiological and pathological conditions.
6036h agoAstrocyte activity and behavior depend on the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway, and its deletion in astrocytes leads to enhanced calcium signaling, synapse dysfunction, and elevated anxiety.
6036h agoThe brain organizes natural categories in a complex way, with category information distributed across multiple continuous axes that reflect both low-level acoustic and higher-level semantic structure.
6036h agoExpectations and sensory input are processed by two separate systems during balance control, one driven by top-down expectations and the other by actual sensory input.
6036h agoMotor neuron electrophysiology predicts the physiological identity of mouse motor units, with four main types identified: slow, fast fatigue-resistant, intermediate, and fast fatigable.
6036h agoB2 SINE RNA is expressed differently in male and female hippocampal neurons and plays a role in their development in a sex-dependent manner.
6036h agoThe brain uses distinct but interacting mechanisms to learn multisensory associations, engaging separate networks for structure-based, reward-based, and outcome-surprise computations.
6036h agoA dopamine circuit in the Drosophila mushroom body regulates locomotor initiation and termination by combining past locomotor experience and current motivation.
6036h agoCUSP, a deep learning framework, accurately detects complex spikes in cerebellar Purkinje cells, achieving expert-level performance and outperforming existing methods in robustness and accuracy.
6036h agoPeople make better decisions when choosing from a moderately sized set of options, and brain activity in areas responsible for decision making and control changes with the size and complexity of the choice set.
6036h agoMitoFlare, a new probe, enables continuous visualization of mitochondrial oxidative activation and turnover, revealing that mitophagy proceeds through distinct, redox-regulated and lysosome-dependent phases.
6036h agoMitochondrial calcium flux drives oligodendrocyte regeneration by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and repopulation after demyelination.
6036h agoThe insulin degrading enzyme idr-1 and the RNA-binding protein rbm-42 regulate dendrite regeneration by acting in a conserved signaling cascade that couples injury-induced nuclear export of RNA binding proteins to local regulation.
6040h agoTraumatic brain injury triggers the formation of abnormal tau oligomers in the brain, which may spread and contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
6040h agoThe TVB-Optim library enables direct optimization of thousands of brain network model parameters, allowing for large-scale personalized brain models.
6040h agoScopolamine causes age- and sex-specific deficits in visual associative learning in marmosets, which can be detected using a home-cage testing system with trial-level analysis.
6040h agoKappa opioid receptors are expressed mainly in excitatory projection neurons in the claustrum, while other opioid receptors are expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
6040h agoDNMT1 regulates the stability of cortical networks by controlling PV interneuron function, which in turn affects glial cells and extracellular matrix, and disruptions to this process lead to depression- and anxiety-like behavior.
6040h agoAAGGG expansions in RFC1 cause adult-onset ataxia and sensory neuropathy by reducing RFC1 expression, impairing its function, and increasing sensitivity to DNA damage.
6040h agoNeuregulin-1 plays a critical role in adult cortical repair by promoting structural connectivity, motor recovery, and axonal outgrowth through its intracellular domain signaling.
6040h agoNGF binding to TrkA drives both neurotrophic signaling essential for neuronal development and survival, and peripheral pain, but a human NGF variant, NGFpainless, retains neurotrophic effects without triggering pain.
6040h agoAstrocytes have different levels of sodium within them and varying abilities to take up potassium, suggesting that they are functionally distinct and adapted to meet the needs of surrounding brain cells.
6040h agoFc gamma receptor IIb facilitates alpha-synuclein propagation and neurotoxicity in vivo and is a potential therapeutic target against Parkinson's disease.
6040h agoMultiPEC, a new data-driven method, discovers neural representations by identifying sets of signals that jointly reduce context prediction error, and it effectively captures fine-grained stimulus submodalities in both artificial and biological systems.
6040h agop75NTR-dependent, myelin-mediated axonal degeneration regulates neural connectivity in the adult brain.
6044h agoPiezo1 regulates drainage in meningeal lymphatic vessels and helps reduce excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulation.
6044h agoTranslating optogenetic research into clinical practice involves challenges including clinical and pragmatic choices, potential toxicity and immune responses, regulatory issues, and ethical considerations.
6044h agoAutism-like marmosets with prenatal valproic acid exposure show a distinct social interaction pattern with their partners, characterized by rapid responsiveness, heightened gaze reactivity, and reduced tolerance for close spacing.
6044h agoThe endothelial PRMT5-ANGPTL4 axis regulates cerebellar inhibitory circuitry and motor function by controlling the development of inhibitory synapses onto Purkinje cells.
6044h agoPersonalized EEG neurofeedback, guided by deep neural networks, enhances cognitive performance in older adults after a few sessions.
6044h agoA 3D convolutional neural network trained on T1-weighted MRI scans accurately identifies early Parkinson's Disease with 84.5% accuracy and reveals changes in brain regions connected to symptom progression.
6044h agoA deep probabilistic spiking neural network extracts discriminative features from EEG signals associated with auditory attention through a balance of moderate inhibition, intermediate synchronization, sparse connectivity, and synaptic pruning.
6044h agoVisual cortical hyperactivity, particularly in the parvocellular pathway, is a reliable and generalizable pattern related to high trait anxiety, and it is underpinned by disrupted excitation-inhibition modulation.
6044h agoInferential models in psychophysics quantify how physical stimulus properties relate to perceptual representations, and can be analyzed using a two-level approach or hierarchical models in R.
6044h agoChronic cervical vibration improves depression-like behaviors in rats with treatment-resistant depression.
6044h agoMetaplasticity in the thresholds for long-term potentiation and long-term depression allows synaptic plasticity to be properly expressed, enabling learning of linear and nonlinear feature binding problems by protecting and persistently changing synapses.
6044h agoThe rewarding effects of methamphetamine in adolescent mice are sex- and strain-dependent, with female C57Bl/6 mice and male 129Sv/Ev mice showing increased sensitivity to the drug.
6044h agoThe protein p62 forms different structures with ubiquitin in neurons and astrocytes in response to various cellular stresses.
6044h agoCannabidiol treatment delays or eliminates seizures and extends lifespan in a mouse model of CLN2 disease, a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder.
6044h agoAligning electrocorticography data into a shared space improves how large language models predict brain activity during language comprehension.
6048h agoTau pathology in spinal neurons contributes to early tactile deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, linking sensory dysfunction to cognitive decline.
6052h agoNeural populations in the parietal cortex reflect the parallel processes of forming a decision and confidence in that decision.
6052h agoA large dataset of neural recordings shows that brain areas in mice encode movement in a rich and structured way during both instructed and uninstructed movements.
6052h agoA new model, called stochastic quantum neural networks, combines principles of quantum computing and neuroscience to better capture the complexity of the biological brain.
6056h agoGlimpse Prediction Networks learn unified scene representations by predicting the next glimpse in a scene, capturing co-occurrence structure, spatial arrangement, and aligning with human brain responses.
6056h agoInteroception and exteroception are integrated within a unified predictive coding framework, where the brain combines internal and external feedback through parallel hierarchical systems that exchange prediction errors, with the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex governing the balance between them.
6056h agoA proposed probabilistic model predicts how neural activity in visual processing is influenced by both external stimuli and internal brain states, and it outperforms existing models in capturing neuronal responses.
6056h agoBraInCoRL uses in-context learning to accurately predict voxelwise neural responses from a few examples, generalizing to new subjects and stimuli without needing large-scale fMRI datasets.
6056h agoGenerative diffusion processes converge to associative memory systems at low noise levels, and this convergence characterizes their stability, robustness, and generation dynamics.
6056h agoA novel paradigm of emergent local memory demonstrates how local learning constraints can produce topologically protected memories and generate human language through self-organizing dynamics, revealing that words arise from emergent symbolic order.
6056h agoA new generalization of the Sundman transformation is presented, which helps derive solutions to ordinary differential equations and study their properties, particularly for the nonlinear Nobre--Reigo-Monteiro--Tsallis Schrödinger equation.
6056h agoThe sequences of coefficient functions in KP wave functions and their images under the bispectral involution are almost bi-orthogonal with respect to the Hermite product.
6056h agoIncreasing the frequency difference between oscillators can facilitate synchronization in coupled-oscillator systems where some oscillators are damaged and have lost their autonomous oscillations.
6056h agoSpace-time modulated systems, such as cantilevers with electromagnets, can produce different types of breathers, including time crystals with no entropy production, across a wide range of frequencies.
6056h agoTwin-wire laser directed energy deposition using two fine wires achieves optimal stability and uniform mixing with a liquid bridge transition mode, reducing dimensional fluctuations by 85% and enhancing compositional homogeneity.
6056h agoThe geometry and orientation of Nambu surfaces determine the appearance of wings in chaotic attractors.
6056h agoChanges in swarmalator dynamics are governed by changes in the system's topology, which can be understood through a topological framework that uses topological charge and helicity.
6056h agoImproved physics-informed neural network approaches, including adaptive and conservative methods, provide accurate solutions to the regularized long wave equation, but their effectiveness depends on the specific problem being solved.
6056h agoThe spectral duality between the classical XXX spin chain and the trigonometric Gaudin model remains in the large N limit.
6056h agoA double flip bifurcation occurs in Hamiltonian systems when two Hamiltonian flip bifurcations happen simultaneously, connected by a curve of singular points, as a result of changing two parameters.
6056h agoExternal driving can increase long-range correlations in systems with superconducting correlations but no long-range order, and the effect depends on the ratio of the drive frequency to the intrinsic relaxation rate.
6056h agoA biological control strategy targeting aquatic mosquitoes can stabilize and steer their population density through feedback and feedforward control laws.
6056h agoLiving systems have a finite capacity to generate and sustain life-associated dynamics, defined as non-equilibrium capacity (NEC), which is inevitably lost over time.
6056h agoThe study constructs exact analytical solutions to the three-dimensional stationary equations of a polytropic gas using symmetry methods.
6056h agoA new theoretical model for active matter reveals that the interplay of positional and orientational order in mobile agents leads to distinct phases, including stable patterns, complex topological defects, and active turbulence, depending on anisotropy and system size.
6056h agoThe discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with competing powers has intrinsic localized modes that can be classified by codes, which determine their stability, with codes for larger states of the same sign being stable and codes for smaller states of alternating signs being unstable.
6056h agoNonlinear changes can be sudden and difficult to predict, and understanding how to prevent harmful shifts and promote desirable ones requires integrating research on regime shifts and transformations.
6056h agoThe Ehrenfest theorem needs to be modified to accurately describe the motion of a quantum particle in a potential box, as it is affected by an effective force from the box edges and nonlinearity.
6056h agoThe double kicked top model exhibits exact quantum recurrences and dynamical quantum phase transitions when its parameters are tuned to specific values.
6056h agoSimple fluidic elements can collectively create, shape, and transport information through the generation and regulation of solitary waves in active flow networks.
6056h agoA certain number of measurements guarantees accurate reconstruction of a chaotic system's trajectory from sparse data, specifically at least the dimension of the system's inertial manifold for local observability and at least twice that dimension plus one for global observability.
6056h agoThe equi-M sets in two-dimensional Complex Quadratic Networks have limitations and a complex relationship with periodic attractors, with their boundary only closely tracking the period-1 pseudo-bulb near its main cusp.
6056h agoA new method allows for the exact calculation of degree growth for lattice equations, extending Halburd's method to enable accurate and rigorous computation of degree iterates.
6056h agoThe Riemann-Hilbert problem analysis shows that the asymptotic behavior of high-genus Korteweg-de Vries soliton gases can be categorized into five distinct regions in the x-t plane.
6056h agoThe poles of certain rational solutions of the fifth Painlev\'e equation asymptotically fill a region bounded by analytic arcs when the degree of the polynomial tau function tends to infinity.
6056h agoThe five-dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model with electromagnetic induction and a switchable memristive autapse shows global asymptotic stability of synchronization between two diffusively coupled neurons.
6056h agoThe addition of polymers to a turbulent flow changes its dynamics, exhibiting a multiscaling energy spectrum and slowing down the fluid's non-linear cascade, with polymer dissipation being less intermittent than fluid dissipation.
6056h agoChemotactic aggregation happens through a balance of density fluxes and reactive turnover, leading to both stable and dynamic aggregates that emerge through a process linked to phase separation and reaction-diffusion patterns.
6056h agoChemotactic aggregates behave like phase-separating droplets, with their long-time dynamics driven by self-amplifying mass transport and aggregate coalescence, leading to coarsening in both diffusion- and reaction-limited regimes.
6056h agoA minimizing compact, consisting of critical trajectories of a quadratic differential, exists within each connectivity class of a family of continua in the upper half-plane, and provides the soliton condensate of least average intensity for a given anchor set.
6056h agoBlack hole quasi-normal modes and greybody factors have stability properties that can be indicated by Korteweg-de Vries conserved quantities, which help identify instabilities in the black hole spectrum.
6056h agoCoupled Kerr parametric oscillators can simulate an Ising Hamiltonian and estimate its ground state using a Boltzmann sampling measurement.
6056h agoGenerative diffusion processes converge to associative memory systems at low noise levels, and this convergence characterizes their stability, robustness, and generation dynamics.
6056h agoNew representations for the Jost solutions of the AKNS system are obtained, allowing for a simple and efficient method to solve direct and inverse scattering problems.
6056h agoKdV integrals serve as valuable indicators for detecting instabilities in Black Hole Quasi-Normal Modes and Greybody Factors.
6056h agoHigh penalties and light penalties are effective at suppressing crime, while intermediate penalty levels are less effective, and the success of penalties depends on the interaction between population sizes, demographic noise, and initial conditions.
6056h agoThe hyperbolic approximation of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation conserves important invariants and is effectively discretized using asymptotic-preserving numerical methods that preserve energy.
6056h agoThe agent-based model shows that an intermediate level of rationality in decision-making leads to the best collective outcomes in vaccination behavior during epidemics.
6056h agoThe charge carrier localization length, which influences electronic conductivity, can be determined by measuring conductivity at different temperatures and electric fields in conjugated polymers.
6056h agoNon-Hermitian criticality emerges in systems with stochastic lattice bond orientation, leading to anomalously scaling complex spectra and system size-dependent amplification rate.
6056h agoThe interplay between nonreciprocity, quasiperiodicity, and power-law exponent gives rise to a variety of phase transitions and localization phenomena in a generalized Aubry-André-Harper model.
6056h agoA multimode random laser model with nonlinear interactions and a realistic gain saturation constraint exhibits a spin-glass transition with characteristics matching the mean-field Random Energy Model universality class.
6056h agoThe density of complex resonance poles in a one-dimensional disordered sample can be evaluated using an analytic approach that links the density of resonances to the distribution of the reflection coefficient at complex energies.
6056h agoThe ground state wavefunction of a particle in a one-dimensional square well coupled to Dirac delta-like scattering centers becomes localized, with increasing localization as coupling increases.
6056h agoA rank-one signal corrupted by sparse noise can be recovered via its top eigenvector when the signal strength exceeds a critical threshold.
6056h agoThe effective temperature concept applies to quantum dot solids, where an increase in field-driven conductivity reflects an actual increase in electronic temperature.
6056h agoThe interaction between light and matter in one-dimensional electronic systems enables a method to accurately extract the strength of electron-photon coupling from transmittance spectra.
6056h agoA neural network framework called Fermionic Antisymmetric Spatio-Temporal Network solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for complex fermionic systems, enabling accurate simulation of long-time dynamics in quantum systems.
6056h agoThe liquid-liquid transition in high-pressure hydrogen is always supercritical above the melting temperature.
6056h agoNon-Hermitian and quasiperiodic coupled systems exhibit a novel localization phenomenon called Anderson-Skin dualism, where localized Anderson modes transform into skin modes with dual characteristics of localization and skin effects under different boundary conditions.
6056h agoThe vectorial extension of the Hopfield model uses 3D vectors and special synaptic connections to create an energy landscape with deep minima for stored patterns, resulting in improved storage and retrieval performance compared to the classical binary Hopfield model.
6056h agoA new method computes accurate real-space maps of local spectral operators in tight-binding models, even in the presence of strong spatial fluctuations.
6056h agoGenerative diffusion processes converge to associative memory systems at low noise levels, and this convergence characterizes their stability, robustness, and generation dynamics.
6056h agoThe winding number of a parametrized non-Hermitian random matrix field exhibits universal features in the large-dimension limit, with a new correction term identified beyond the previously studied Ginibre case.
6056h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) specializes in value-based decisions and does not play a major role in perceptual decisions.
6056h agoOrganisms focus on important stimuli to survive and reproduce by ignoring constant or repeated sensory inputs through habituation, a process that helps them respond strongly to new stimuli.
6056h agoThe neural representation of individual memories encodes not just the memorized feature, but also its uncertainty, including variance and asymmetry, which predicts memory behavior.
6056h agoChewing rhythmically improves cognitive performance by synchronizing brain rhythms, specifically by increasing theta power and cross-frequency coupling between motor output and neural oscillations.
6056h agoConcurrently fitting the hemodynamic response function within population receptive field models improves the accuracy of estimates and reveals differences in brain response between areas.
6056h agoHumans extract syntactic structure from short sentences within a fraction of a second, and words, phrases, and sentences are processed through similar stages, with the brain detecting global form first and then analyzing combinatory properties.
6056h agoThe anterior ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compute subjective value signals that guide choice without needing conscious awareness.
6056h agoMental fatigue is linked to a decrease in alpha power, indicating desynchronization in brain activity associated with sustained attentional demand.
6060h agoMiddle-aged adults with normal hearing thresholds have diminished neural synchrony and increased listening effort due to degraded neural encoding of temporal fine structure cues.
6060h agoThe visual system represents object outlines based on points of high information content, rather than just regions of extreme curvature.
6060h agoPsilocybin induces a composite neural state made of multiple co-occurring processes that affect brain connectivity and cognitive performance.
6060h agoThalamic input and cortical cell-adhesion codes work together to establish functional sensory modalities in the brain by specifying and refining sensory identity in the primary somatosensory and visual cortices.
6060h agoSensory processing during wakefulness generates sleep need by exciting specific neurons that promote sleep, which then activate a feedback loop to stabilize sleep through a neural filter.
6060h agoError recognition helps people adapt their behavior when things go wrong, and brain activity in the anterior insula and prefrontal cortex enables a brain-computer interface to self-correct and work more smoothly.
6060h agoExposure to micro- and nano-plastic particles worsens Parkinson's Disease symptoms in a fruit fly model by interacting with genetic risk factors that affect mitochondrial function.
6060h agoMislocalisation of the protein TDP-43 to the cytoplasm of neurons or oligodendrocytes leads to axon degeneration and reduced myelination, with loss of TDP-43 function in neurons and disrupted oligodendrocyte function contributing to neurodegeneration.
6064h agoBalancing excitation and inhibition in neurons allows neural activity to reach a critical state, generating neuronal avalanches, while an imbalance disrupts this state.
6064h agoThe brain uses distinct computational mechanisms to localize touch and body position, with tactile and proprioceptive localization relying on different prior expectations about spatial location.
6064h agoThe preview effect, a stronger neural response to changes in visual input after eye movements, depends on active vision and cannot be explained by classical or spatiotopic adaptation.
6064h agoA computational model shows that action selection in cluttered environments is a weighted combination of individual control policies for target approach and obstacle avoidance.
6064h agoThe human brain represents 3D layout information through separate processing of boundary distance and orientation, with distance encoded in early visual areas and orientation in higher visual areas, and this processing is influenced by navigation tasks.
6064h agoThe Wormtrails python package creates images and videos that show the motion of C. elegans nematodes on solid media by converting darkfield or brightfield images into stills or movies with color-coded time.
6064h agoCochleaNet, a deep learning-based framework, analyzes volumetric imaging data to comprehensively map the molecular anatomy and physiology of the cochlea, enabling rapid and reliable quantification of cochlear structure and gene therapy outcomes.
6068h agoThe brain's directed network architecture forms a hierarchical organization that underlies its temporal irreversibility, with a comprehensive network of forward and backward interactions that strengthen in brain states approaching criticality.
6068h agoThe lateral and medial subregions of the human amygdala have distinct roles in processing fearful expressions, with the lateral subregion detecting fear early and the medial subregion encoding face-specific information later.
6068h agoThe intestine's different cell types have their own internal clocks that can be set by feeding schedules, but they respond to these schedules in distinct ways.
6068h agoShuffleNet delivered the highest performance in classifying potato leaf diseases with 99% accuracy, outperforming other lightweight convolutional neural network models.
6068h agoOdor identity in the early olfactory system is represented through two complementary coding strategies: the primacy code, which uses the most sensitive odorant receptors, and the order code, which uses the temporal order of glomerular activation.
6068h agoPeople track prior interference from different dimensions to selectively focus their attention by rapidly suppressing distracting information, and proactive control helps make this suppression process more efficient.
6068h agoDopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are vulnerable to Parkinson's disease because their high energy demands push them to a tipping point where even small disruptions can cause a collapse in energy, unlike similar neurons in the ventral tegmental area which are more resilient.
6068h agoIncreased cognitive load compromises proactive visual search, disrupting gait planning and leading to a more inefficient walking strategy in healthy young adults.
6068h agoA new automated pipeline called MORPH2DIAG analyzes brain images to identify subtypes of neurodegenerative patterns and accurately classifies them using machine learning, providing a reproducible foundation for MRI-based morphometric profiling.
6068h agoFeedback reorganizes neural representations in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, transforming learning into memory retrieval by changing neural geometry through rhythmic coordination.
6068h agoSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates alcohol drinking, and S1P receptor agonists, including fingolimod, ozanimod, and CYM5442, reduce alcohol consumption in rodent models.
6068h agoThe brain encodes a language-independent internal model for meaning, allowing it to understand and express similar concepts in multiple languages.
6068h agoFunctional connectivity between neurons varies within brain states, with Non-REM sleep containing periods of inter-areal integration comparable to wakefulness and REM sleep.
6068h agoSpatial biology technologies reveal how molecular and cellular organization drives function and disease by enabling high-dimensional profiling within intact tissues. or The spatial biology pipeline generates whole-transcriptome and protein measurements from tissue sections and resolves spatially distinct molecular domains in Alzheimer's disease and other conditions. The second sentence is more direct in reporting the main findings, ideas or summary, hence it is more suitable.
6068h agoThe stimulus-selective stopping task shows that responses to an "ignore signal" are a mix of normal responses and responses to a special ignore signal.
6068h agoCross-frequency coupling, especially delta-theta-gamma coupling, operates cooperatively in the brainstem to integrate rhythmic interactions across multiple frequency bands, supporting large-scale homeostatic regulation and adaptive whole-body responses.
6068h agoSingle-cell profiling reveals that oligodendrocyte lineage cells respond to multiple disease stages in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by activating immune genes and showing subtype-specific responses.
6076h agoTechnical metrics used to evaluate medical artificial intelligence tools often do not predict their clinical impact, so a new framework is proposed to guide their translation into clinical use.
6076h agoThe dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) encodes errors and perceptual difficulty to estimate confidence in high-level rule switches, allowing for hierarchical reasoning.
6076h agoRhythmic control of language and music relies on similar brain regions that can flexibly reconfigure to support precise timing in producing sequences.
6076h agoThe primary cilia of principal neurons in the cerebral cortex orient towards the pia in sparse, inside-out laminated regions, but perpendicular to the laminae in compact regions, suggesting that cilia orientation changes as cortical evolution progresses.
6076h agoA division of labor between distinct visuomotor and perceptual pathways emerges in a neural network trained to classify and grasp 3D objects, reflecting task-driven specialization rather than pre-existing architecture.
6076h agoMedium spiny neurons in the primate striatum have diverse subtypes with distinct molecular features that are linked to movement, cognition, emotion, and disease mechanisms.
6076h agoHabit formation in primates correlates with lower control energy required to transition between brain states during sequential behavior.
6080h agoA universal theorem shows that sensory information follows a law similar to the second law of thermodynamics, predicting that any closed cycle of stimulation yields a non-negative net gain of sensory information.
6080h agoA model of perceptual decision making that combines sensory encoding and Bayesian decoding of neural activity accurately reproduces key patterns of human choices and response times.
6080h agoInteractions among simple agents can give rise to joint agency and collective knowledge, allowing groups to exhibit coordinated responses to environmental changes and encode information that individual agents cannot access.
6080h agoA novel brain-computer interface framework that combines EEG and EMG signals accurately classifies four Mandarin tones under both audible and silent speech conditions with minimal channels.
6080h agoThe mu-opioid and anesthetic activation of the medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus induces unawareness and slows down respiration, and this circuit promotes slow-wave sleep, memory replay, and rest by activating serotonin and inhibiting awareness and arousal.
6080h agoInteractions among simple agents can give rise to joint agency and collective knowledge, allowing groups to exhibit coordinated responses to environmental changes and encode information that individual agents cannot access.
6080h agoThe integrable bootstrap program expresses multipoint functions of the Sinh-Gordon quantum field theory as explicit series that satisfy all Wightman axioms, pending proof of series convergence.
6080h agoThe Ising model's phase transitions on random graphs are determined by the eigenvalues of the kernel operator associated with the graph limit.
6080h agoThe competition between sellers in over-the-counter fresh product markets self-regulates over time, constraining prices and clientele volumes to bounded ranges and generating oscillatory behaviors that prevent any one seller from dominating permanently.
6080h agoA comprehensive analysis pipeline for photon-count time series reveals a coherent hierarchy of dynamical regimes in ultra-weak photon emission from living systems, separating trivial statistics from structured long-range organization.
6080h agoA new class of continuous-time recurrent neural networks, based on Hopfield-like associative memories, offers a mathematical formalism to characterize fluctuations in nonequilibrium dynamics, allowing direct computation of macroscopic observables, entropy, and entropy dissipation.
6080h agoQuantum limit cycles become apparent through quantum trajectories conditioned on measurement outcomes, and they behave similarly to classical limit cycles subject to noise.
6080h agoThe Jordanian deformed AdS5 × S5 string and its spin chain counterpart remain solvable, with the complete spectrum obtainable within the Baxter framework despite a nontrivially modified structure of Q-functions.
6080h agoLaser resonances can exhibit irregular oscillations due to nonlinear effects, similar to the behavior of Van der Pol oscillators, and are influenced by nonlinearity, damping, and quantum fluctuations.
6080h agoDigital Memcomputing machines explore their phase space efficiently and find solutions quickly when their physical parameters are set well, but not when their memories evolve too fast.
6080h agoA new class of continuous-time recurrent neural networks, based on Hopfield-like associative memories, offers a mathematical formalism to characterize fluctuations in nonequilibrium dynamics, allowing direct computation of macroscopic observables, entropy, and entropy dissipation.
6080h agoLead magnesium niobate (PMN) relaxor has a stable Nb-rich sublattice and a dominant Nb cluster that percolates the lattice, preventing large space charges.
6080h agoThe Maximum-Average Subtensor problem involves finding a subtensor of size k with the maximum sum of entries in a given random tensor of size N.
6080h agoThe Krylov subspace expansion method reveals that local integrals of motion in the Anderson model of localization exhibit power-law decay in the localized phase and are delocalized in the metallic phase.
6080h agoDephasing noise causes a phase transition in topological insulators between nontrivial and trivial topological phases at a finite strength, showing the robustness of these insulators.
6080h agoDisordered systems, like sheared amorphous solids, can self-organize into a complex response to a changing environment, allowing them to sense and adapt to their surroundings.
6080h agoThe PIANO framework integrates large and complex single-cell genomics datasets with improved speed and accuracy by correcting for unwanted sources of variation.
6084h agoBrief therapeutic stimulation during DBS surgery changes brain activity in a way that lasts for at least a month, and new measures of brain dynamics can distinguish between patients with low and high depression scores.
6084h agoThe right inferior parietal lobule is causally involved in orientation processing, not in time perception, according to a study using transcranial static magnetic stimulation.
6084h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) encodes relative stimulus preference through inhibition of its pyramidal neurons, guiding social choice by dynamically evaluating competing options.
6084h agoA new zebrafish model allows for the observation of interactions between immune cells and blood vessels after brain injury, providing insights into chronic neuroinflammatory disease.
6084h agoDance training increases sensitivity of the initial cortical response to balance perturbation, allowing dancers to better align their posture to an objective reference.
6084h agoAlpha-synuclein pathology in the locus coeruleus disrupts neurochemical balance, causes cognitive decline, and leads to long-lasting consequences in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
6084h agoThe analysis of spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) phase reveals complementary information about ear function, showing that otocoherence, a measure of phase consistency, varies across species and correlates with auditory nerve fiber tuning.
6084h agoBimanual performance is related to brain structure differently in younger and older adults, with brain's white-matter integrity and cortical balance linked to efficient bimanual control in young adults but not in older adults.
6084h agoInhibitory neurons in the brainstem help regulate postural reflexes by modulating the activity of excitatory vestibulospinal neurons, which generate commands to activate spinal networks.
6084h agoNoise exposure causing temporary hearing loss leads to changes in cochlear structures, including enlargement of ribbons in hair cells, in macaque monkeys.
6084h agoTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation increases corticospinal excitability, but only when measured during active stimulation, and this effect is not correlated with changes in pupil size.
6088h agoScientists have developed a new compound, UCM-A86, that selectively enhances the activity of GluN3-containing NMDA receptors, a type of receptor that plays distinct roles in neuronal development and synapse maturation.
6088h agoMAPL3 pipeline captures brain-wide axonal projections and enables analysis of brain circuitry from single axons to whole-brain projectome.
6088h agoThe brain encodes the number of objects in a scene rapidly and directly from the visual image, and then transforms this information through a hierarchical process to create a finely tuned, number-specific code.
6088h agoThe type of deep learning model and method used to assess brain connectivity affect the accuracy of predicting cognitive task presence over time.
6088h agoThe estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) gene helps regulate excessive alcohol drinking and seeking, and acts as a potential therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.
6088h agoDeleting DOR from PV interneurons reduces the convulsant and anxiolytic effects of DOR agonists, but not their locomotor stimulating effects.
6088h agoBipolar disorder is linked to changes in brain microstructure and function, which may contribute to emotional state transitions from depression to anxiety.
6088h agoT4 and T5 neurons, which encode different motion directions in the visual pathway, have dendrites that follow closely aligned morphological patterns, suggesting shared developmental constraints and mechanisms.
6088h agoThe Turbulent Brain toolbox offers a framework to study brain dynamics in healthy and pathological states, allowing researchers to explore mechanisms across brain states and neurological disorders.
6088h agoChronic fentanyl use changes the neuroimmune state and helps remove amyloid plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease by enabling microglia to enhance amyloid clearance.
6088h agoTranscranial focused ultrasound modulates neuronal dynamics through a hybrid mechanism, engaging both direct and indirect components depending on the stimulation site, to influence cortical circuits.
6100h agoBrain regions in the limbic system predict how people respond to stress with cortisol, while regions in the medial prefrontal cortex shape how they feel during stressful events.
6100h agoAstrocyte calcium activity responds rapidly to locomotion, progressing through four phases: new events emerge, merge into a superevent, fragment, and produce an afterburst.
6100h agoDownregulation of protocadherin-8 disrupts neuronal migration, morphology, and proliferation in the developing mouse cortex, linking it to cortical development defects and human brain pathology.
6100h agoA new learning principle called Hetlearn helps animals adapt to changing environments by learning to predict events without needing to understand their causes.
6124h agoRetinitis pigmentosa causes complex, region-specific retinal remodeling and reduces fiber density in optic tracts and radiations, suggesting trans-synaptic degeneration along visual pathways.
6124h agoMultitasking involves shared cognitive processes across interference conditions, and trial-level sequences of these processes predict behavioral differences in reaction time and accuracy.
6124h agoMice switch between context-specific decision strategies while foraging by reconfiguring neural circuits in the brain, which allows them to make flexible decisions in different environments.
6124h agoThe relative phase of membrane potential theta oscillations across neurons shifts depending on spatial position, revealing a consistent coding of space between neurons.
6124h agoRemyelination efficiency declines with age because changes in gene regulation disrupt the normal process of oligodendrocyte differentiation, leading to progressive disability in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
6124h agoImpaired energy metabolism in the thalamocortical circuitry may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms, and a ketogenic diet may help alleviate these symptoms.
6128h agoMarmosets use a network of brain areas that is sensitive to context to evaluate the temporal structure of vocal sequences.
6128h agoSchizophrenia-associated genes in microglia modulate phagocytic activity and morphological properties, and have gene-specific transcriptional signatures that implicate divergent pathways related to phagocytic, activation, cytoskeletal, and lysosomal function.
6128h agoExtracellular ATP and its receptor P2X7R drive early Alzheimer's disease pathology by causing neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal hyperactivity.
6128h agoPhosphorylation of DNAJB6b at Y53 enhances its binding to Hsp70, leading to accumulation of tau aggregates, which may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
6128h agoPARP controls calpain activity through PARG and TRPM2-induced calcium influx in photoreceptors, and inhibiting PARP with INO1001 may be more effective for treating inherited retinal degeneration than Olaparib.
6128h agoPregnancy and parenthood cause changes in the human brain that can still be seen years later, with the brain changes of mothers and fathers partly overlapping, and the changes in mothers more closely linked to childbirth than to pregnancy itself.
6128h agoTanycytes, a type of glial cell, actively engulf and remove excitatory synapses in the hypothalamus during a specific period after birth, which helps refine neural circuits controlling energy balance.
6128h agoWorking memory modulates subjective perception, especially when the content in working memory is categorically different from the perceptual stimulus.
6128h agoTwo efficient methods enable faster computation of topological surface states in photonic and acoustic systems, cutting memory and time use by up to 100-fold.
6132h agoThe Shank3 gene plays a critical role in balancing and integrating emotional responses in the brain, and its deficiency leads to exaggerated emotional reactions.
6132h agoExercise not only boosts neural growth factors but also modulates inhibitors of neural change, and changes in certain brain structures are linked to improved memory performance.
6132h agoA new platform called MyeliMAP enables robust modeling of central nervous system myelination, allowing for the study of myelin formation, maturation, and function in human cells.
6132h agoExtensive daily training and brief daily reminders produce similar performance enhancements in a visual texture discrimination task, but limited learning occurs without reminders.
6132h agoThe colors of moving objects determine the properties of subjective color perception, which is generated by the brain's predictive learning mechanism associating color with motion patterns.
6132h agoRho GTPase signaling in both the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic muscles promotes neural circuit excitability and egg laying.
6132h agoPorphyromonas gingivalis infection is present in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue and reprograms glioma cells to become more invasive and immunosuppressive.
6132h agomGluR5 regulates the activity of ON-bipolar cells through endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde signaling, affecting the gain of visual signal transmission from photoreceptors to ON-bipolar cells.
6132h agoThe distribution of population responses in the primary visual cortex adjusts to the environment's statistical structure through coordinated changes in "silence" probability and response mean, following a one-dimensional pattern.
6132h agoReconstituting functional porosomes into diseased cells repairs secretory defects and counters neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's by restoring neuronal function and reversing morphological and functional damage.
6132h agoThe human stomach acts as a peripheral oscillator during sleep, with its infraslow rhythm modulations aligned with brain activity and predicting subjective sleep quality.
6132h agoSuccessful navigation involves a sequence of planned actions marked by increased recruitment of surveillance and goal-oriented states at decision nodes, but Alzheimer's disease impairs navigation by reducing these states and altering gamma oscillations in the posterior parietal cortex.
6132h agoOngoing activity of histaminergic neurons in the brain modulates the expression of reward-associative memory by influencing the brain's response to cues.
6132h agoCommunity detection in functional brain networks works best with a likelihood-based method that selects around 11 communities in adults and 15 communities in infants and toddlers.
6136h agoDrugs of abuse trigger DNA methylation changes in the brain, which can lead to long-lasting effects and influence vulnerability to substance use disorders.
6136h agoThe time dilation effect caused by flickering stimuli does not seem to be modulated by the higher-level regions of the ventral visual stream.
6136h agoThe GTF2I gene dosage affects social behavior and physiology in mice, with duplication leading to increased surface temperature and social anxiety-like behaviors, and deletion leading to decreased surface temperature and hyper-social-like behaviors.
6140h agoIpsilateral somatosensory processing, not contralateral processing, contributes to tactile discrimination, and interhemispheric coordination plays a key role in perceptual decisions.
6140h agoDelivering anti-TLR2 antibody genes using biodegradable nanoparticles produces sustained pain relief in mouse models of neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation.
6140h agoHere is a single sentence summary: In Parkinson's disease, microglia and astrocytes respond to protein misfolding by upregulating chaperone protein folding functions and switching from immune receptor functions to protein aggregate clearance.
6140h agoStimulant medications may attenuate ADHD-related cortical patterns, and nonstimulant medications show a similar, but weaker, effect.
6140h agoInfarct size does not directly determine intestinal barrier dysfunction or bacterial translocation, but bacterial translocation is linked to intestinal and cerebral inflammation.
6140h agoA novel surgical protocol creates a large, durable cranial window in mice, allowing repeated recordings from over 1,000 electrodes and unprecedented access to the Default Mode Network.
6140h agoA new viral vector targets fast-spiking basket cell interneurons in the mouse hippocampus with high specificity, allowing for potential investigation and treatment of related neurological disorders.
6140h agocuBNM, a Python package, accelerates simulations of brain network models by hundreds of times using graphics processing units, enabling efficient investigation of latent neural processes across large cohorts and complex models.
6140h agoAutistic children have a specific deficit in multisensory processing, affecting early sensory encoding, attention, and coordination between brain regions.
6148h agoThe centro-parietal positivity (CPP) serves as a domain-general signal of evidence accumulation across decisions based on both sensory input and long-term memory.
6148h agoPeople with autism spectrum disorder process emotional faces differently, with a unique relationship between neuron density in the left amygdala and functional activity while processing emotional faces.
6148h agoWorking memory capacity expands during early learning of a naturalistic skill and continues to strengthen with practice, even after overall performance has plateaued.
6148h agoInhibiting oxytocin-expressing neurons at different stages of development has distinct and long-lasting effects on social behavior and metabolism in mice, varying by sex and timing of inactivation.
6148h agoThe exposome, a person's complex environment, affects cognitive development in children by altering functional connectivity in the brain, which in turn relates to individual differences in cognitive performance.
6148h agoAn adaptive brain-computer interface system using frequency-specific auditory stimulation increases alpha activity and decreases gamma activity in individuals with Fragile X Syndrome, enhancing cognitive readiness.
6152h agoDynamic functional brain connectivity can be represented as an image that captures its changing network topology over time.
6152h agoAnimals use past experiences to adapt future behavior by re-coding sensory inputs in neural structures, and plasticity within these structures plays a crucial role in associative learning.
6152h agoResource limitations fundamentally alter optimal estimation strategies in biological systems, causing organisms to switch between memoryless and memory-based strategies depending on sensory reliability.
6152h agoThe firing of individual neurons is highly coordinated and forms non-linear structures called neural manifolds, which may correspond to continuous attractors shaped by recurrent connectivity between neurons.
6152h agoThe proposed Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) describes the planar spectrum of a holographic conformal field theory with specific global symmetry, and it leads to Asymptotic Bethe Ansatz equations that constrain the worldsheet S-matrix.
6152h agoThe hyperbolic approximation of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation is studied and asymptotic-preserving numerical methods are developed to conserve important invariants and preserve energy.
6152h agoThe open string partition function on a local toric Calabi--Yau threefold is a tau-function of multi-component KP hierarchy.
6152h agoA generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation accurately captures key properties of universal bound states in 2D attractive Bose systems and predicts the existence of universal excited states, including vortex configurations.
6152h agoThe study's agent-based model explains how regret, uncertainty, and social norms interact to shape vaccination behavior during epidemics by capturing how individuals make probabilistic choices influenced by material payoffs, fear, trust, and social approval.
6152h agoStochastic resonance in Mackey-Glass equations can occur in two forms: stable resonance with negative Lyapunov exponents and chaotic resonance with positive Lyapunov exponents.
6152h agoMulti-lump waves in a new higher-dimensional water wave model are non-interacting and exhibit different geometrical patterns.
6152h agoThermodynamic efficiency can be generalized to settings with multiple control parameters, and it relates to how well system parameters can be inferred from observable behavior or how difficult it is to navigate the statistical manifold.
6152h agoThe reconnection processes of 3-solitons with 2-resonance produce stem structures that initially connect two pairs of V-shaped branches, then disappear, and re-emerge as new forms.
6152h agoThe large N limit of spectral duality exists between rational Gaudin models, which corresponds to a 2d hydrodynamics on a torus described by a noncommutative torus algebra.
6152h agoHigh-dimensional random dynamical systems exhibit chaotic and fixed point attractors, and their response to periodic perturbations shows synchronization only in specific regions of the frequency-amplitude spectrum.
6152h agoThe study finds that skin effect driven localization and Anderson driven localization coexist in certain parameter regimes, even with large disorder present.
6152h agoThe Holevo information measures reveal distinct phases in how quantum information is distributed between subsystems, with a sharp transition between exponential decay and linear growth with system size.
6152h agoOrdinary lattice defects, such as vacancies and substitutions, can serve as probes of non-trivial topology in electronic Bloch bands and detect changes in the local topological environment.
6152h agoA new method maps Restricted Boltzmann Machines onto generalized Potts models, enabling the extraction of interactions up to arbitrary order in complex systems.
6152h agoDisorder in topological insulators triggers a quantum phase transition into a normal insulator, causing small droplets of normal insulators to form and eventually condense into a trivial insulator.
6152h agoNeural networks with certain properties have an overlap gap that makes it hard to find two distinct sets of weights that assign the same labels to all data.
6152h agoA new liquid theory for structural glasses reveals a space-dependent glass order parameter and predicts a non-trivial spatial profile within a confining cavity.
6152h agoA general modeling framework unifies multisensory causal inference with optimal feedback control, allowing for dynamic interaction between perception and action in uncertain environments.
6152h agoObserving touch influences how people perceive touch, with visual information enhancing the pleasantness and continuity of digitally delivered tactile stimuli, especially when the observed touch is similar to affective stroking.
6152h agoSub-strain origin profoundly influences post-stroke intestinal barrier integrity, bacterial dissemination, and immune responses.
6152h agoIncreased striato-striatal coupling, including synchrony, spectral power, and functional connectivity, occurs in the brain after a stroke, suggesting more involvement of subcortical areas in network reorganization than previously thought.
6152h agomGluR1 increases the surface expression of Kv1.2 through a constitutively active, protein kinase A-dependent pathway, not through its known agonist-driven pathway.
6152h agoSimple images of static paws analyzed by AI provide accurate detection of various physiological states, including postural changes associated with nerve injury, pain, aging, and genetic disorders.
6152h agoDecoding human emotion states from neural activity helps improve human-computer interfaces, psychiatric diagnostics, and neuromodulation therapies. or High-performance decoding of human emotion states is achieved by integrating neural activity from grey and white matter. I changed it to a more direct and simple sentence. The original sentence was more of an introduction to the topic. Here is the final rewritten response: High-performance decoding of human emotion states is achieved by integrating neural activity from grey and white matter.
6152h agoThe brain integrates low-level perceptual judgments with high-level strategic adjustments through a neurocomputational model that uses attractor networks and recurrent neural networks to navigate multi-level decisions.
6152h agoA three-dimensional vectorial extension of the Hopfield associative-memory model produces memories with better storage and retrieval performance, especially with high connectivity, by creating a rigid energy landscape with deep minima for stored patterns.
6156h agoTraining predictive neuroimaging models on one ethnic group results in best performance within that group, but models perform unevenly across ethnic groups, with disparities reduced by training on equal-sized diverse subsamples.
6156h agoAntiviral type I Interferons drive motor deficits and regional astrocyte aging in the cerebellum, leading to motor decline with increased expression of Stat1.
6156h agoFish exhibit a head stabilization behavior similar to the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR) found in tetrapods, achieved through rostral body flexion during pitch tilts.
6156h agoMitoEM 2.0 provides a curated dataset for training and evaluating 3D mitochondria instance segmentation in volume electron microscopy, including expert-verified labels and standardized data formats.
6156h agoFast-conducting mechano-nociceptors play a key role in driving nocifensive behaviors, enabling rapid avoidance of noxious mechanical stimuli in mice and humans.
6156h agoStimulation of the thalamus can modulate conscious experience, with changes in emotional, visceral, or somatosensory domains, and is connected to brain regions like the cingulate, insular, and prefrontal cortices.
6156h agoDTI-ALPS primarily reflects white matter microstructure rather than glymphatic flow in the context of neurodegeneration.
6156h agoJuvenile mice with a genetic mutation in PCDH19 exhibit increased seizure susceptibility and disrupted distribution of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the hippocampus and cortex.
6156h agoNeuronal assemblies in the orbitofrontal cortex that are active after learning already exist before learning and play a role in memory consolidation and retrieval.
6156h agoInhibition from the Superior Olivary Nucleus helps regulate sound source detection in birds by protecting neurons from losing sensitivity to interaural time differences with increasing sound level.
6156h agoThe visual cortex uses a high-dimensional population code to represent visual stimuli, which is made possible by non-smooth peaks in the tuning curves of individual neurons.
6156h agoThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) shows cell type-specific changes in gene expression that help some individuals adapt to chronic stress and remain resilient, while the lateral habenula (LHb) shows minimal changes.
6156h agoAdvanced meditation elicits distinct states of consciousness with reproducible neural trajectories marked by changes in brain organization, reduced suffering, and improved attention and equanimity.
6156h agoPost-mortem human brain tissue is stiffer and less able to absorb energy than living brain tissue, with changes in its mechanical properties occurring over time after death.
6156h agoA neural mass model shows that local disfacilitation, topology-dependent propagation, and synchrony-dependent amplification throughout the connectome are sufficient to produce post-lesional slow waves.
6156h agoMrGPRX1 signals from endosomes to sensitize TRPV1 channels, enhancing itch signaling through a process involving protein kinase C and ERK activation.
6156h agoAdvancing the speed and accuracy of spike sorting is essential to fully realize the potential of large-scale electrophysiology, and a new end-to-end spike sorting pipeline that leverages parallelization can scale to large datasets and run reproducibly on various computing environments.
6156h agoThe PLP-Syn mouse model of multiple system atrophy shows brain atrophy and microstructural changes similar to those in patients, linked to genes regulating myelination, gliogenesis, and neuroinflammation.
6156h agoA brain-computer interface can improve decision-making quality by detecting uninformed decisions and prompting users to seek more information.
6156h agoDeleting the Cnih3 gene in mice impairs learning and memory processes, reduces opioid intake, and may play a role in opioid use that differs between males and females.
6156h agoGenerative algorithms can now produce diverse, synthesizable, high-performance molecules through a new method called SynGFN, which links molecular design and synthesis.
6160h agoThe brain's motor cortex integrates distorted proprioceptive feedback from muscles by separating it into a distinct activity subspace, allowing for precise control of limb movement despite the disruption.
6164h agoTemporal attention improves auditory discrimination only at the first targeted time point and then remains sustained without tradeoffs, and this pattern differs from that of visual attention.
6164h agoGuanosine nucleotide production is essential for generating proper microglial diversity by regulating microglial branching during postnatal development.
6164h agoThe C9ORF72 G4C2 repeat expansion in human iPSC lines leads to both loss-of-function and gain-of-function pathological features characteristic of ALS/FTD, including reduced C9ORF72 mRNA and protein levels, RNA foci accumulation, and increased dipeptide repeat protein levels.
6164h agoPreparing a sequence of movements does not impose additional temporal costs relative to preparing a single movement, as reaction time increases are fully explained by uncertainty in selecting the first target.
6164h agoThe APOE4 allele disrupts cholesterol processing in the brain, particularly in young mice, and interacts with age and sex to influence endolysosomal cholesterol homeostasis, with female APOE4 mice showing the greatest dysregulation.
6164h agoThe ShA and LgA groups, defined by differential access to opioids, consist of mixtures of different opioid user types.
6164h agoArousals during sleep associated with muscle tone decreases are linked to a higher genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and greater cognitive decline in late middle-aged individuals.
6164h agoThe spinal cord shows distinct frequency-specific spatial patterns of activity during sustained pincer-grip contraction, with the ipsi-anterolateral region exhibiting high task-relevance and connectivity with the motor cortex.
6164h agoCANDY, a new framework, aligns neural and behavioral data to identify preserved low-dimensional dynamics across days, subjects, and recording sessions, enabling robust cross-session behavioral decoding.
6164h agoTractometry analysis reveals that study design parameters, such as sample size and along-tract resolution, affect the detection of dementia- and amyloid-related effects, with finer segments producing more localized effects and larger cohorts needed to detect subtle amyloid-related effects.
6164h agoDifferent tractography algorithms produce different results in mapping white matter microstructure in Alzheimer's disease, with probabilistic tracking detecting stronger effects in some areas and deterministic tracking detecting greater sensitivity in others.
6164h agoAging causes thermoceptive deficits through axonal degeneration and selective nerve fiber vulnerability, while a genetic neuropathy causes thermoceptive dysfunction through conduction-related impairment due to dysmyelination.
6164h agoA deep learning approach that combines brain connectivity and coil coordinates accurately predicts stimulation sites and maps cortical excitability in some individuals.
6164h agoBrain tumors disrupt calvarial bone and alter the immune landscape of skull marrow.
6168h agoThe synaptic weights in brain networks follow heavy-tailed distributions that decay faster than a power-law, and a proposed mechanism explains this deviation from the global behavior.
6168h agoA personalized graph-based model accurately predicts the progression of Alzheimer's disease in individuals by capturing the spread of pathology across brain networks.
6176h agoBrain dynamics during awake and sleep stages have distinct patterns, which can be characterized by analyzing intracranial recordings and mapped onto a complexity-entropy plane to reveal their unique dynamic signatures.
6176h agoA statistical thermodynamics-inspired framework uses macroscopic state variables to quantify stability and reconfiguration in neuropsychological systems, and finds that informational heat increases during environmental switches and decision errors, while correct choices are preceded by lower temperature and higher free energy.
6176h agoPredictive coding induces structured representations when networks are sufficiently deep and trained with multi-step prediction horizons, recovering the underlying latent structure of the environment.
6176h agoThe receptive field shapes in the primary visual cortex expand over the degrees of freedom of geometric image transformations to enable a formal matching between responses computed under different viewing conditions.
6176h agoBrain networks have distinct structural and functional properties, with structural networks showing robust features and functional networks showing increased variability, according to an analysis using complex dynamics and fractal geometry.
6176h agoAI and neuroscience continue to grow together, with AI research increasingly focused on neurodegenerative diseases since the 1990s, but AI technologies are not widely transferred across different subfields.
6176h agoA new tool called ActiTect uses machine learning to identify rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) from wrist-worn actigraphy recordings with high accuracy.
6176h agoA frustration parameter introduced into a model of self-propelled particles drives a transition to a resting hexagonal lattice with spatiotemporal patterns when the frustration exceeds a critical point.
6176h agoPainlev\'e solitons are waves that arise from the interaction between Painlev\'e waves and solitons in integrable systems.
6176h agoSynchronization emerges through a sequential transition between chaotic itinerancy and intermittent synchronization as coupling increases in complex systems.
6176h agoControllability of a system can be achieved by designing a controller based on inferred multibody couplings from partial observations.
6176h agoChaos in a system is crucial for ensuring that its governing equations can be uniquely identified from a finite set of observations.
6176h agoThe perception of room acoustics has 5 key dimensions that can be explained by acoustic measures including echo density, fractal correlation dimension, roughness, loudness, and early decay time.
6176h agoWood aging affects the sound brightness of a harpsichord differently depending on string position, with lower strings becoming brighter and higher strings becoming less bright.
6176h agoThe proposed language competition model predicts a wide range of possible equilibrium scenarios, including coexistence of two languages, where minority language speakers can be monolingual or bilingual.
6176h agoThe Discrete Non Linear Schrödinger model displays an equilibrium transition between a homogeneous phase at positive temperature and a localized phase at negative temperature.
6176h agoAtom interferometers based on quantum droplets can be used for interferometry, and their performance depends on atom number and interaction strength, allowing potential applications as a tilt-meter, target detector, and rotation sensor.
6176h agoA superintegrable generalization of the Zernike systems has higher-order integrals and can be interpreted as a perturbation of the 2D harmonic oscillators.
6176h agoA feedback controller removes the first Fourier harmonic from a plant's output by adjusting its control force parameters to eliminate a periodic external force.
6176h agoBrain networks have distinct structural and functional properties, with structural networks showing robust features and functional networks showing increased variability, according to an analysis using complex dynamics and fractal geometry.
6176h agoTo accurately model complex climate systems, researchers find that emulators must have an appropriate coarse-grained representation and careful parameterizations of unresolved processes.
6176h agoVortex singularities in wave patterns are topologically stable and have a universal statistical property where quantities that diverge at a singularity follow a -3 power law tail in their probability distribution.
6176h agoThe dynamics of phase elements on a unit circle under oscillating external fields result in Arnold tongue-like structures in parameter space, where initially random distributions aggregate into highly anisotropic states.
6176h agoFusion categories with a non-invertible, self-dual object give rise to integrable anyonic chains with a Hamiltonian density that satisfies the Temperley-Lieb algebra.
6176h agoThe entanglement depth in a one-dimensional random monitored quantum circuit scales as a power law with system size in both volume and area law phases.
6176h agoDisorder in mechanical systems induces robust polarization of zero modes, which become mobile solitons in the nonlinear regime and display new dynamics features.
6176h agoA discontinuous transition emerges in an explosive percolation model when nodes rewire their links to suppress the growth of large clusters.
6176h agoA three-dimensional vectorial extension of the Hopfield model uses unit vector neurons and synaptic couplings to create a rigid energy landscape, leading to improved memory capacity, enlarged basins of attraction, and enhanced stability.
6176h agoRare system-wide resonances play a crucial role in the stability of the many-body localization phase, and three distinct regimes - ergodic, intermediate, and robust localized phases - emerge depending on the influence of these resonances.
6176h agoA dataset-free weight-initialization method for Bernoulli-Bernoullirestricted Boltzmann machines is derived based on statistical mechanical analysis, initializing weights from a Gaussian distribution with optimized standard deviation.
6176h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model's Majorana spectrum shows a Gaussian distribution, indicating its chaotic quantum nature, and has higher "quantum magic" than the non-chaotic SYK2 model.
6176h agoVortex singularities in wave patterns are topologically stable and have a universal statistical property where quantities that diverge at a singularity follow a -3 power law tail in their probability distribution.
6176h agoA novel natural compound called MIC reduces tau pathology and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease model mice, and improves memory performance in a age-dependent manner.
6176h agoThe alpha phase directly modulates perceptual cycles in multisensory integration, with individual alpha phase patterns causally linked to how people process multiple sensory inputs.
6176h agoThe dentate gyrus network computations for pattern separation are disrupted in temporal lobe epilepsy, with the reorganized network generating less distinct activity patterns and impairing memory.
6176h agoFGF13 remains inside cells and interacts with voltage-gated sodium channels within the cell, rather than being secreted to interact with extracellular proteins.
6176h agoAcetylcholine reflects uncertainty during hidden state inference, guiding behaviour by tracking the uncertainty of internal estimates in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus.
6176h agoInhibiting the SARM1 enzyme with a new class of base-exchange inhibitors only delays, rather than prevents, neurite degeneration in neuronal cells.
6176h agoHousing facility and time of treatment affect how cancer patients respond to methotrexate therapy, influencing body mass, gut microbiome composition, inflammatory cytokine profiles, and central nervous system gene expression.
6180h agoNeuroSort, a new spike sorting framework, isolates individual neurons from large-scale recordings by fusing spatiotemporal information, enabling analysis of up to thousands of neurons.
6180h agoThe superior colliculus integrates target guidance and behavioral history signals to control efficient visual search performance by using dynamic, mixed, and pure selectivity mechanisms.
6180h agoThyrotropin-releasing hormone protects hippocampal neurons against glutamate toxicity through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and new protein synthesis.
6180h agoOlfactory neuron changes and neuroinflammatory responses are detectable in Alzheimer's disease, even in its pre-clinical stage, through analysis of olfactory brush biopsies.
6180h agoStress exaggerates autonomic reflexes critical in cardiorespiratory function, increasing susceptibility to sudden unexpected death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) in mice with hyperactive stress circuits.
6184h agoSelf-compassion helps protect people's self-esteem when they perform poorly, promotes more positive emotions during challenging tasks, and leads to higher self-esteem after the task.
6184h agoRepeated adolescent NMDAR antagonism weakens thalamofrontal synaptic transmission, leading to short-term memory deficits by reducing release probability and vesicle refilling at thalamus to prefrontal cortex synapses.
6184h agoNeurons in the macaque inferotemporal cortex respond to images in a simple-to-complex progression over time, with early responses to simple images and later responses to more complex images.
6184h agoChildren with ADHD have difficulty perceiving speech in noisy settings because they have trouble focusing visual attention on the right speaker and do not benefit as much from seeing lip movements when listening to speech.
6184h agoHeart rate variability amplitude correlates with depth of self-transcendent experiences, compassion, and emotional improvement during numadelic virtual reality experiences.
6184h agoEarly exposure to a high-fat diet triggers hypothalamic microinflammation and insulin resistance in males but not females, and this sex difference is linked to the activity of the JNK3 pathway in microglia.
6184h agoCross-excitation between neurons in a dorsal root ganglion can not be explained by existing hypotheses, and appears to be an important part of normal sensory information processing.
6184h agoMoving a figure boundary outside of a neuron's receptive field reduces adaptation and hinders perceptual filling-in, with greater eccentricities requiring larger movements to interfere with filling-in.
6184h agoThe GluTrooper mouse line, engineered to express a glutamate sensor, enables long-lasting imaging of glutamate dynamics in the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution.
6184h agoLoss of a gene called pebbled leads to degeneration of motor axons and neuromuscular junctions in adult flies, causing motor deficits, due to excessive activation of the RAS/MAPK pathway.
6184h agoPhosphorylation of Tau protein modulates its interaction with microtubules, with the overall number of phosphorylated sites playing a more dominant role than their specific locations.
6184h agoReaching memories are encoded in tight association with the recent history of preceding gaze states.
6184h agoHebbian plasticity enables neural networks to associate sensory inputs with internal states, but it can lead to a "freezing" of the network's structure and reduced flexibility in learning when input and output patterns are weakly correlated.
6184h agoTSPO knockout prevents abnormal brain activity and connectivity in Alzheimer's disease models by changing network dynamics.
6184h agoThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex drives the action-invigoration component of the Pavlovian bias by modulating reward prediction error signals.
6184h agoSample size plays a central role in shaping EEG study outcomes in psychiatry, with small samples producing unstable results and larger samples producing consistent and reproducible findings.
6184h agoThe lateralized readiness potential can serve as a neural signature for habits, and stronger habits require more frontal midline theta power to inhibit them.
6184h agoAδ high-threshold mechanoreceptors densely innervate skin and organs, detect intense damaging stimuli, and are necessary for protective responses to sharp mechanical stimuli.
6184h agoPartial loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain leads to changes in gait precision in rats, with females showing different patterns of motor adaptation than males.
6184h agoA deep convolutional neural network estimates surface reflectance and predicts human lightness perception, accurately replicating classic lightness illusions and outperforming traditional models.
6184h agoInhibiting O-GlcNAcase partially restores O-GlcNAc homeostasis in brain and blood of OGT-CDG mice, but does not rescue symptoms.
6184h agoDeep brain stimulation of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum improves cognitive control by enhancing decision-making, with right-unilateral stimulation being the most effective, and works similarly in both humans and rodents.
6184h agoThe Penn Longitudinal Executive functioning in Adolescent Development study provides a new data resource that combines imaging data with clinical and cognitive information to study executive function development in adolescents with and without psychiatric conditions.
6184h agoCold-responsive neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus mediate cold-induced pain relief by releasing enkephalin and activating opioid receptor signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.
6184h agoThe dorsolateral striatum facilitates forelimb movements and sustains their execution, while promoting efficient whole-body locomotion, particularly during turns.
6184h agoLarger language models better match human behavior and brain activity during reading, but instruction tuning does not provide a similar benefit.
6188h agoSleep and wakefulness consolidate memory in different ways, with sleep strengthening memories in a specific context and wakefulness enhancing memories that are not tied to a particular context.
6188h agoCLN3 is essential for synaptic function, and its loss causes defective synaptic vesicle release, reduced synaptic strength, and early functional disturbances that can be corrected by gene therapy.
6188h agoProtectin DX alleviates postoperative pain in a mouse model by activating GPR37, promoting macrophage healing, and modulating pain-sensing neurons.
6188h agoTDP-43 is modified by SUMOylation, a process facilitated by PIAS1 and PIAS4, and this modification occurs in response to oxidative stress.
6188h agoExpertise transforms the brain's representations, shifting from surface features to high-level relational information, and becomes more compact, organised, and efficient, allowing for rapid and flexible decision-making.
6188h agoThe hippocampus constructs a temporal framework anchored to relevant behavioral events, with neuronal activity transitioning abruptly between discrete states to track distinct phases of a behavioral sequence.
6188h agoAlcohol dependence causes changes in brain proteins that disrupt the blood-brain barrier, trigger neuroinflammation, and stress cells, whereas alcohol exposure without dependence activates protective mechanisms that regulate inflammation and maintain brain health.
6188h agoAfferent feedback mechanisms help mammals maintain walking after a sudden loss of ground support by facilitating adaptive coordination between limbs.
6188h agoHuman iPSC-derived motor neurons can develop into mature neuronal networks with dense synapses within 28 days when optimized differentiation and targeted neuromodulation are used.
6188h agoImpaired dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during social interactions leads to social deficits in autism spectrum disorder, and activating dopamine during play can rescue these deficits.
6188h agoArea 29e in the brain acts as a specialized hub that helps anchor internal spatial representations to external landmarks.
6192h agoPeople with Generalized Anxiety Disorder and insomnia have different brain activity patterns during threat conditioning and extinction learning, and better sleep quality is associated with greater engagement of neural substrates of extinction learning.
6192h agoNeurogenesis in vertebrates starts with neuronal cell bodies forming clusters along the spinal cord, from which axons radiate outward to form a network that is refined through selective cell death.
6192h agoValproic acid attracts nematode worms by directly activating their chemosensory neurons through a pathway that involves receptor guanylate cyclases and G protein-coupled receptors.
6192h agoAPOE4 and amyloid-beta interact to create an early vulnerability in neurons, leading to changes in brain function and setting the stage for Alzheimer's disease.
6196h agoEarly life adversity increases vulnerability to substance use disorders by altering the brain's reward circuitry, specifically by upregulating striatal D1-receptor density and disrupting the balance with D2-like receptors, which in turn promotes alcohol drinking.
6196h agoThe basal ganglia circuit organization, particularly pathway overlap and D2 receptor dynamics, regulates the speed and reliability of discrimination learning, and specific dopamine perturbations lead to distinct learning impairments.
6196h agoMedial olivocochlear efferent gain control plays a role in auditory enhancement and its alteration by hearing loss.
6196h agoOxytocin-producing neurons in the brain regulate social play behavior in a sex-specific way, with certain populations of these neurons decreasing social play in males but not females.
6196h agoThe cerebellum implements an oscillatory forward model for motor timing, adjusting its role in coordinating sensorimotor integration according to sensory predictability.
6196h agoExtensive alternative splicing of NRXN1 generates a diverse range of isoforms that contribute to neuropsychiatric disease when disrupted, with distinct splicing programs across different brain cell types and developmental stages.
6196h agoThe Parietal Memory Network, also called the Salience Network, responds to both old memories and salient stimuli, but not specifically to mnemonic familiarity, and a separate network, the Frontoparietal Network B, responds to familiar memories.
6196h agoThe brain's ability to entrain to the rhythm of music in the theta band predicts people's urge to move along with it, and this can be accurately decoded from EEG patterns.
6196h agoHuman cooperation depends on accurately inferring others' motives, and a new model shows that people learn these motives through Bayesian belief updating, revealing diverse moral phenotypes, including moderate altruism, strong inequality aversion, and nonlinear payoff valuation.
6200h agoThe study's claims about reconstructing visual imagery from brain activity are invalid due to multiple methodological concerns, including biased reporting, artificial performance inflation, and lack of advantages over existing techniques.
6200h agoThe direction and speed selectivity properties of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex can be explained by a theoretical model of spatio-temporal receptive fields based on velocity-adapted affine Gaussian derivatives.
6200h agoGrid cells in the brain encode distance by de-correlating population activity, allowing for accurate navigation with a simple coding scheme.
6200h agoPhysarum polycephalum's adaptive dynamics follow a least-action principle that balances energy use and transport efficiency to find optimal paths between nutrient sources and sinks.
6200h agoWeakly electric fish use electric organ discharges and movement patterns to collectively forage, and a novel computational framework shows that artificial agents can learn to do the same, reproducing behaviors seen in real fish collectives.
6200h agoDynamics in low-rank networks can be high- or low-dimensional, and are suppressed in directions aligned with the network's low-rank structure when driven by high-dimensional inputs or perturbations.
6200h agoThe Koopman and Perron-Frobenius operators can be approximated using exponentials of infinitesimal generators, allowing for efficient computation when the underlying vector field of a dynamical system undergoes small changes.
6200h agoThe Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou-$\alpha$ model's ergodic properties are characterized by a timescale where action diffusion leads to ergodic temporal fluctuations, which is longer than the timescale indicated by the maximum Lyapunov exponent.
6200h agoThe distance between solutions to the integrable Korteweg-de Vries equation and non-integrable generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations remains close over long times for small initial amplitudes, but deviates at an explicit rate for larger amplitudes.
6200h agoThe Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou chain with long-wavelength random initial data enters a prethermal state, characterized by a Burgers-type shock and a turbulent-like spectrum, when the energy per particle is small.
6200h agoQuadrupole-based fluxes agree well with Teukolsky results across a broad range of orbital configurations for Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals, and novel numerical methods reveal diverse resonance-crossing behaviors.
6200h agoA novel dynamic mode with bounded oscillatory motion breaks symmetry in a generalized Kuramoto model, enhancing global coherence and giving rise to a mixed state with different degrees of ordering.
6200h agoPerfect crystals exhibit brittle plastic yielding after experiencing mechanically driven elastic instability, similar to glassy materials, due to a change in their atomic configuration to a quasi-amorphous state.
6200h agoThe enstrophy flux in 2D turbulence with linear friction is suppressed in the cascade, causing the small-scale vorticity field to be passively transported by the large-scale flow.
6200h agoParticles in lattices with discrete-step unitary evolution reach a thermal state with infinite temperature and chemical potential due to weak nonlinearities.
6200h agoThe impedance matrix of complicated electromagnetic wave scattering systems follows universal scaling laws that relate its properties to the system's excitation frequency, mode density, loss factor, and port characteristics.
6200h agoThe eigenvalues of matrix-valued dynamical processes generated by nonnormal Toeplitz matrices with additive rank 1 perturbations distribute around the zero-eigenvalue, and this distribution is caused by uncontrolled rounding errors in computer simulations, not the original system.
6200h agoThe geometric multiplicity of the zero eigenvalue in a nonnormal matrix-valued dynamical system with discrete time increases over time, eventually matching its algebraic multiplicity, leading to a relaxation process from a far-from-normal to a near-normal matrix.
6200h agoRhombohedral-stacked N-layer Su-Schrieffer-Heeger networks exhibit $2N$-fold degenerate zero-energy edge states with a winding number that equals the layer number.
6200h agoThe square lattice Hubbard model exhibits a non-superconducting filled stripe phase at strong coupling and low hole-doping, while superconductivity coexisting with partially-filled stripes or uniform d-wave superconductivity emerges under certain conditions.
6200h agoThe basins of attraction in complex energy landscapes can be defined solely through geometric principles, as shown by the universal force distribution and hierarchical organization of inherent structures in hard-sphere systems.
6200h agoA novel deterministic equivalence for the two-point function of a random matrix resolvent leads to a unified derivation of the performance of high-dimensional linear models trained with stochastic gradient descent.
6200h agoA modified Drude-Lorentz model that incorporates quantum corrections provides consistent electronic parameters for disordered ultra-thin NbN films, including an electron relaxation rate of 1.8 eV/ℏ, a Fermi velocity of 0.7 × 10^6 m/s, and an electron density of states of 2 states/eV/V.
6200h agoThe interplay between unitary dynamics and quantum measurements induces diverse phenomena in open quantum systems, and a tenfold classification of symmetry and topology of monitored free fermions reveals the role of topology in measurement-induced phase transitions.
6200h agoThe impedance matrix of complicated electromagnetic wave scattering systems follows universal scaling laws that relate its properties to the system's excitation frequency, mode density, loss factor, and port characteristics.
6200h agoThe ADNP missense mutation p.C687R disrupts chromatin regulation and GABAergic lineage specification, leading to impaired neuronal migration and cortical branching.
6204h agoNeural activity in the primary visual cortex of mice can be separated into two parts: one driven by external sensory input and the other by internal brain states.
6204h agoConsciousness transitions follow both gradual and discrete changes, with three of four sleep stage transitions showing gradual changes and one showing a threshold event.
6204h agoAlcohol cues trigger automatic approach tendencies that promote problematic drinking, but a counterconditioning intervention paired with retrieval cues can reduce these tendencies and improve adaptive behavior.
6204h agoThe brain uses parallel policy matrices to adapt to new environments by transferring previous experiences, allowing for faster adaptation and reduced after-effects when faced with changed conditions.
6204h agoCerebrospinal fluid tracer drains into the skull bone marrow through different regions, and this drainage is linked to sex, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, sleep quality, and cognitive function.
6204h agoBipartite entanglement within a non-compact SU(1,1) symmetry manifold is present in the proton spin ensemble of the living human brain, potentially underlining a functional holographic memory mechanism.
6204h agoThe functional connections within the higher-order visual area anterolateral area (AL) remain more robust over time and change less between stimulus-driven and resting-state conditions than those in the primary visual cortex (V1).
6204h agoCircadian timing does not modulate photoreceptor activation, the earliest stage of visual processing, as shown by a lack of variation in luminance or chromatic contrast sensitivity across the day.
6204h agoThe melanopsin pathway, a key input to the body's internal clock, receives systematically different light inputs from various natural scenes, with indoor scenes without windows having the lowest and outdoor scenes having the highest light input.
6204h agoTranscranial ultrasound stimulation induces site-specific plasticity in the human corticospinal tract, increasing corticomotor excitability and intracortical facilitation, and scaling with individual differences in white matter microstructure.
6204h agoAllowing more peaks to be extracted in a popular method for analyzing brain activity decreases the reliability of estimates, and a modified approach called censored regression offers more reliable and accurate results.
6208h agoThe perceived intensity of tactile sensations is determined by the frequency, amplitude, and waveform shape of vibration applied to the skin, with each parameter having a distinct role.
6208h agoNeural markers, specifically N100 and P300 components, are reliable and stable across individuals and over time, even when deviating from group-level patterns.
6208h agoCa2+ and cAMP signaling pathways interact in mouse olfactory bulb astrocytes, with adrenergic receptors regulating both pathways through complex mechanisms.
6208h agoCerebral ischemia impairs synaptic transmission mainly by disrupting the sodium gradient, which causes dysfunction of glutamate uptake, rather than by excessive glutamate release or failure of glutamine synthetase.
6208h agoSleep-driven replay helps transfer new memories from the hippocampus to the cortex by reshaping the synaptic-weight landscape, allowing new information to be incorporated without degrading old memories.
6208h agoThe premotor activity in the pretectum and optic tectum collectively controls predatory orienting through both crossed and uncrossed pathways.
6208h agoThe neural code can be clearly defined by breaking down auditory spike trains into variable-duration "packets" within which precise spike timing does not matter.
6208h agoThe visual system conducts a precise search within the central 1-degree foveola, using tiny eye movements called microsaccades to efficiently examine details.
6212h agoPumilio acts in intestinal stem cells and the endocrine corpus allatum to regulate the transition to sleep through a gut-endocrine-brain signaling axis.
6212h agoMost minimally verbal autistic individuals have hidden receptive language and reading abilities, demonstrated through eye movements in response to language-based stimuli, despite appearing to have severe cognitive and language impairments on traditional assessments.
6212h agoVisual information is encoded more accurately at specific phases of alpha oscillations, which are the dominant rhythm of the human brain.
6212h agoVisual fear conditioning leads to a selective release of acetylcholine in the primary visual cortex, which enhances visually-evoked neuronal responses and enables sensory-guided behavioral learning.
6212h agoThe cerebellum contributes to controlling syllable duration in songbirds by providing neural signals that precisely encode syllable boundaries.
6216h agoThe growth cones in the developing hippocampus have a changing proteomic composition across the first five postnatal days, with distinct protein subsets and markers that regulate their development into region-specific neural circuits.
6216h agoThe HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development study uses advanced brain imaging to chart brain development in 7,200 infants until age 10, and has developed new image processing techniques that improve data quality and show expected developmental patterns.
6216h agoThe prefrontal cortex and striatum show sensory responses that emerge and strengthen with sensorimotor learning, with the prefrontal cortex exhibiting both modality-specific and generalized sensory representations, while the striatum's sensory responses depend on the order of learning.
6216h agoThe superior parietal lobule links observed actions with internal goals, while the motor cortex maintains intention-specific codes, to support action understanding.
6216h agoSwitching from the Alzheimer's risk gene APOE4 to the protective gene APOE2 reshapes Alzheimer's disease-related metabolism, reduces neuropathology, and enhances cognition.
6220h agoHigher states of endogenous estrogen enhance reward prediction errors, which promotes adaptive behavior and improves performance.
6220h agoReplacing the Alzheimer's risk gene APOE4 with the protective APOE2 in astrocytes alters metabolism and gene expression, reducing amyloid pathology and gliosis.
6220h agoDopamine encoding of reward prediction errors fluctuates over females' reproductive cycles due to estrogenic signaling caused by reduced expression of dopamine reuptake proteins.
6220h agoGreater genetic overlap exists between neurological and psychiatric disorders than previously recognized, supporting a more integrated view of brain-related illness.
6220h agoA new genetic tool allows labeling, tracing, and manipulation of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, enabling further study of this cell stage during myelination.
6220h agoSpared nociceptors after partial nerve injury remain sensitized, driving long-term tactile hypersensitivity.
6220h agoTwo distinct beta band components, low-beta (<20 Hz) and high-beta (>20 Hz), coexist throughout the neocortex and play different roles in movement initiation, maintenance, and termination.
6220h agoThe brain uses a network of neurons in areas such as the hippocampus, insula, and cingulate cortex to hold onto sounds in memory, with most of these neurons decreasing their activity while maintaining the sound.
6220h agoPKM{zeta} and PKC{iota} are crucial for maintaining long-term potentiation and spatial memory in mice, with PKM{zeta} usually playing the key role and PKC{iota} acting as a backup.
6220h agoNon-verbal children with autism spectrum disorder have a widespread pattern of underconnectivity across key brain networks involved in speech, language, and cognitive processing.
6220h agoThe metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 modulates the voltage gated potassium channel Kv1.2 through suppression involving protein kinase C (PKC), leading to Kv1.2 endocytosis and facilitation of eyeblink conditioning.
6220h agoBetti curve features, particularly those from connected components and 1D holes, effectively capture structural brain alterations associated with aging and differentiate normal from pathological aging.
6224h agoCurrent AI systems achieve high performance in some neural connection proofreading tasks, but struggle with others, and may eventually augment or replace human proofreading in connectomics.
6224h agoA lightweight dynamic brain connectivity framework using Time Varying Directed Transfer Function accurately classifies stress levels with 89-94% accuracy using machine learning models, by capturing temporal and causal influences between brain regions from EEG recordings.
6224h agoA stable fixed point in threshold-linear networks can have a support that is not minimal, containing the support of another stable fixed point.
6224h agoExplainable machine learning, using brain connection maps from fMRI data, classifies people with brain disorders with 91.85% accuracy and identifies reliable biomarkers.
6224h agoEarth's gravity shapes human development by guiding the brain's integration of sensory inputs into an internal model of gravity, which a new dual computational framework models to predict and interpret human performance in different gravitational conditions.
6224h agoNeglecting racial variation in brain network architecture reduces predictive performance in cognitive and affective phenotypes, and different populations have distinct brain network patterns linked to Alzheimer Disease progression and worry levels.
6224h agoPsychology uses a mathematical formulation called process theory to formalize human psychodynamics, enabling precise study of cognitive processes in contexts such as psychotherapy, neurotechnology, and AI safety.
6224h agoGraph-theoretical labeling characterizes complex networks, and cordial labeling and signed product cordial labeling reveal structural balance and cooperative neural dynamics in brain connectivity graphs.
6224h agoAn AI-driven near-infrared spectroscopy system provides real-time, layer-specific oxygenation data from the brain cortex with high accuracy, outperforming conventional methods in simulations, phantom experiments, and clinical validation.
6224h agoBrainCSD, a new foundation model, jointly synthesizes functional and structural connectivity biomarkers and supports diagnosis and prediction tasks with high accuracy.
6224h agoFunctional brain networks of cannabis users and non-users show topological differences, according to a permutation test that compares topological features while preserving individual network structures.
6224h agoLarge Language Models process language in a way similar to the human brain, with different neurons handling different grammatical categories.
6224h agoA formal framework shows that neural activity in the form of discrete spikes or collective waves can be causal or not, and determines conditions under which any signal can be shown to matter.
6224h agoAnalyzing changes in functional connectivity helps understand how brain diseases or experimental stimuli affect brain function.
6224h agoA novel graph-based deep learning framework, called ExPANet, differentiates major depressive disorder patients from healthy controls with superior performance using electroencephalography recordings.
6224h agoPeople match their choice frequencies to target frequencies in stochastic environments, and their choices can be explained by a simple combination of matching and maximizing strategies.
6224h agoEntropic forces arising from stochasticity and discrete-time updates govern representation learning in neural networks, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations.
6224h agoA sharp criterion for the stability of compactly supported solitons is established based on the nonlinearity and eigenspace projection, and it is applied to specific lattices.
6224h agoJacobi's old method for constructing integrable Hamiltonian systems is being presented as a new Stäckel lift construction related to Haantjes geometry.
6224h agoA simple algebraic method generates travelling wave solutions for equations in the Burgers hierarchy, with findings showing that higher-order equations have smooth solutions supported by nonlinear terms and identical complete solutions.
6224h agoAn adaptive Kuramoto model with hyperedges shows that interactions beyond pairwise links drive emergent phenomena in complex systems, leading to new insights into synchronization and phase transitions.
6224h agoGrowth in human societies is driven by socioeconomic and demographic changes at multiple scales, with local levels showing the most intense growth rates and spatial selection effects.
6224h agoThe lens hyperbolic modular double is a new algebraic structure that produces a lens hyperbolic hypergeometric solution of the Yang--Baxter equation.
6224h agoMultiscaling emerges in both the magnitude and orientation of the velocity vector in turbulent flows, not just in longitudinal velocity increments.
6224h agoIntegrable deformations of a semisimple Frobenius manifold's hierarchy of topological type can be constructed, and these deformations have polynomial tau-structures.
6224h agoBichromatic periodic modulation of interaction strength generates and controls complex nonlinear patterns in one-dimensional ring condensates by dictating instability onset and excited modes.
6224h agoA dynamic prioritization strategy that continually allocates vaccine doses based on long-term epidemic outcomes can minimize the final epidemic burden by balancing indirect transmission blocking with direct protection of important groups.
6224h agoOptical pulses generate Faraday-like waves in ordered quantum solids that persist longer than the pulse duration.
6224h agoA novel modeling approach uses the Lorenz attractor framework to simulate unsteady aircraft airflow by breaking down the force distribution exerted by a wing into turbulent and nominal components.
6224h agoThis perspective deals with real scalar fields in two-dimensional spacetime, focusing on models with one and two real scalar fields, specifically kinks and lumps.
6224h agoA class of nonlinear evolution equations is constructed using invariants of a projective transformation, and some symmetry-integrable equations in this class are identified.
6224h agoDeveloping data-driven models of multiscale systems requires identifying an appropriate coarse-grained representation and careful parameterizations of unresolved processes to reproduce both stationary statistics and responses to external perturbations.
6224h agoThe reverse space-time higher-order modified self-steepening nonlinear Schrödinger equation has integrability verified through its Lax pair and conservation laws, and its solutions exhibit novel wave patterns including kinks, solitons, and rogue waves.
6224h agoThe nonlinear factorization method, modified to depend on both dependent and independent variables, obtains isochronous waveform solutions of homogeneous Li\'enard equations.
6224h agoThe quasipotential function can be discovered directly from data using machine learning, allowing for the prediction of escape mechanisms from metastable states in nonlinear dynamical systems.
6224h agoHigh stress levels are indicated in the source area of the 17th-century Hokkaido megaquake, while low stress levels are found in the source area of the 2011 Tohoku megaquake.
6224h agoConformally symplectic diffeomorphisms reveal deep interactions between a manifold's topological properties, a map's dynamical properties, and the geometry of invariant manifolds.
6224h agoThe cluster percolation point changes as the fraction of antiferromagnetic bonds increases in the three-dimensional random-bond Ising model, and a percolation transition occurs above the thermodynamic ordering point with two percolating clusters of equal density.
6224h agoThe solution to the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass shows a hierarchical organization in disordered systems that remains stable even when 36% of the network is diluted.
6224h agoA machine learning model can calculate intermolecular charge transfer integrals in organic semiconductors by modeling the relative position of dimer pairs, reducing the need for individual calculations.
6224h agoIsotopic defects arranged in a specific pattern can suppress or enhance phonon scattering, maximizing or minimizing phonon transmission in a targeted frequency window.
6224h agoThe density correlations of eigenvalues of large random matrices retain a universal form even when the matrix elements evolve over time.
6224h agoThe disordered defect-fluorite Ho2Zr2O7 exhibits slowing spin dynamics and a unique crystalline-electric field energy scheme, with structural disorder allowing the mixing of low-lying states at finite temperatures while preventing long-range magnetic order.
6224h agoThe winding number of a parametrized non-Hermitian random matrix field exhibits universal features in the large-dimension limit, with a new correction term identified beyond the Ginibre Unitary Ensemble.
6224h agoThe likelihood of each stable state in species-rich ecosystems increases with its total biomass, and can be accurately predicted using just two properties: biomass and species diversity.
6224h agoThe critical exponent for a $d$-dimensional elastic manifold at depinning is given by $\zeta = \frac \epsilon3 + 0.04777 \epsilon^2 -0.068354 \epsilon^3 + {\cal O}(\epsilon^4)$, which estimates to $\zeta(d=1)=1.266(20)$, $\zeta(d=2)=0.752(1)$, and $\zeta(d=3)=0.357(1)$.
6224h agoNon-reciprocity does not always destroy glassiness in disordered systems, instead it can lead to an oscillating amorphous phase with slow dynamics and oscillations.
6224h agoThe nonaffine elastic response in strongly disordered materials has large-scale exponentially decaying correlations that extend over a length scale determined by the strength of the disorder.
6224h agoThe Ising spin glass in five spatial dimensions shows a phase transition with and without an externally applied magnetic field, with computed critical exponents and a lower critical dimension consistent with previous estimates.
6224h agoLocalization transitions occur without symmetry breaking because they involve the emergent breaking of dynamical translational symmetry, which is revealed by a new order parameter called the time-averaged local translational contrast.
6224h agoQuantum Reservoir Computing with a few two-level atoms outperforms traditional computing in memory retention and nonlinear data processing.
6224h agoThe electrolyte modifies the composition and molecular order of the polymer semiconductor PEDOT:PSS, enabling bistable and non-volatile behavior in organic electrochemical transistors.
6224h agoQuantum Reservoir Computing uses a system of just five atoms to perform complex computational tasks efficiently and with low energy consumption.
6224h agoLearning a flow-based generative model with a two-layer auto-encoder leads to a distribution of generated samples that depends on the number of training samples and can suffer from mode collapse.
6224h agoVariational Monte Carlo training sets with frozen variational parameters lead to a self-consistency error that spoils the accuracy of machine learning interatomic potentials, but applying a correction can generate more accurate potentials.
6224h agoEntropic forces arising from stochasticity and discrete-time updates govern representation learning in neural networks, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations.
6224h agoA new algorithm called microcanonical simulated annealing (MicSA) reduces the need for random numbers in computer simulations, making it possible to run complex physics and biology models more efficiently.
6224h agoChemically distinct glass-forming liquids have universal features in their spectrum and temperature dependence of main structural relaxation.
6224h agoHAPLINA2 protein is increased with aging and Alzheimer's disease risk, and its levels are higher in mice with a genetic risk for Alzheimer's, affecting the brain's extracellular matrix.
6228h agoExposure to growing levels of nanoplastics disrupts brain lipid metabolism, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and Parkinson's disease-like neurodegeneration, which can be reversed by antioxidant treatment.
6228h agoLesioning the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system during prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease does not exacerbate AD-like neuropathology and cognitive impairment, but instead worsens pre-existing conditions.
6228h agoChanges in brain connections during abstinence from opioids predict increases in craving, and a specific brain network involving multiple systems contributes to this process.
6232h agoThe integration-segregation theory explains exogenous attention with cue-target event integration and segregation competing, and brain scans show cued targets activate attention networks while uncued targets engage the medial temporal cortex.
6232h agoA human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain organoid model carrying an ALS-associated TDP-43 mutation spontaneously develops TDP-43 proteinopathy, including cytoplasmic p-TDP-43 accumulation, RNA dysregulation, and cryptic exon inclusion.
6232h agoThe IRF7/ISG15 axis in microglia inhibits NLRP3 expression and improves the prognosis of ischemic stroke in mice by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal survival.
6232h agoQuNex recipes provide a transparent and machine-readable format for defining and executing complete neuroimaging workflows, enabling seamless integration of commands, custom scripts, and external tools, and facilitating reproducible and shareable studies.
6232h agoFatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) regulates cerebellar inflammation in MSA pathogenesis by linking glial inflammation, ferroptosis, and mitochondrial injury.
6232h agoPeople rely on internal and tactile information from the toss to plan and catch a moving object, and without this information, their ability to anticipate and catch the object is greatly reduced.
6232h agoThe development of specific brain circuits is characterized by distinct connectivity patterns and molecular cascades that can be studied at single-cell and spatial resolution using a new tool called inducible barcoded rabies virus.
6232h agoThe study corrects the authors' previous work on transsynaptic labeling and transcriptional control of neural circuits in zebrafish.
6236h agoThe FOODEEG dataset provides a large collection of neural and behavioural data on food choices from 117 participants, including EEG responses, behavioural measures, and questionnaire-based measures.
6236h agoActivation of ovBNST Vipr2 neurons increases food intake, and these neurons are activated by food restriction and project to feeding-related regions in the brain.
6236h agoElevated levels of HERV-K transcripts, particularly pol, are found in exosomes from ALS patients, suggesting they could serve as accessible biomarkers for patient stratification and treatment monitoring.
6236h agoNerve transection injuries trigger sympathetic fiber sprouting and pain through increased norepinephrine levels, whereas crush injuries cause pain through different mechanisms.
6236h agoDepleting microglia during the subacute phase after stroke promotes cortical network reorganization and motor recovery.
6236h agoNeural oscillations across the brain organize into a low-dimensional coordinate system that reflects local brain activity, relates to brain functions, and changes with age and disease.
6236h agoThe over-representation of certain di-synaptic motifs among excitatory neurons induces synchrony, but this excess synchrony is reduced when the same motifs are also present among inhibitory neurons.
6236h agoA whole-brain computational model reproduces brain dynamics underlying the loss and recovery of consciousness, providing a potential explanation for the transition between these brain states.
6236h agoMild stress disrupts the estrous cycle in mice, causing a longer cycle length, and may contribute to reduced fertility.
6236h agoKlotho protein deletion in the choroid plexus causes region-specific calcification that worsens with age, but does not lead to major structural or functional changes in mice.
6236h agoHair cells in zebrafish have similar electrical properties and vesicle release mechanisms across most of their body, but those in the tail region have smaller responses, and lack of otoferlin b gene reduces these responses.
6236h agoChildren have a less organized brain network for controlling attention and memory than adults when working with AI to generate creative ideas.
6236h agoSynergistic interactions among neurons increase with long-range correlations in the visual cortex of awake mice during visual stimulation, facilitating efficient information processing across long distances.
6236h agoHumans plan ahead 2-4 targets in sequential reaching movements, but increasing resistance to movement does not change the planning horizon.
6236h agoiMSCs secretome preserves dopaminergic neurons and improves motor function and anhedonia in a Parkinson's disease rat model, by activating broader pro-survival and regenerative pathways.
6236h agoMusical groove influences neural oscillations in the sensorimotor network, with stronger mu suppression found during active movement and when experiencing high musical groove.
6236h agoThe temporal alignment between naturalistic stimuli features and brain activity measured with fMRI varies considerably, and accounting for feature-specific delays improves the accuracy of mapping these features to brain activity.
6236h agoModulating the autonomic response to errors does not affect conscious error detection in healthy older adults, suggesting that autonomic activity is a consequence, not a cause, of conscious error awareness.
6236h agoAcute psychosocial stress enhances interval timing by selectively reducing temporal underestimation, with men showing greater improvement in temporal accuracy than women.
6236h agoICAM-5 is a specific marker for isolating neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles from human biofluids, which can improve the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions.
6236h agoRepeated experiences are never processed identically, with sensory systems adapting to familiar input and interpretive systems continuously reshaping meaning based on current internal states.
6236h agoAversive conditioning causes changes in EEG alpha-band oscillations and pupil dilation, but individual participants show more variability in pupil-dilation responses than in alpha-power responses.
6236h agoVasopressin receptor antagonism accelerates resynchronization of locomotor activity rhythms to new light-dark cycles by strengthening the SCN's resistance to internal desynchronization.
6236h agoChronic alcohol exposure impairs working memory and downregulates KV7 function in specific brain cells, but KV7 activation can restore working memory function.
6236h agoThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) helps people make decisions by separating their emotional responses to unfair situations from their choices, allowing them to balance self-interest and social norms.
6236h agoInhibiting GCPII with 2-MPPA treatment changes protein patterns in the aging primate cortex, particularly in areas vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease, and affects pathways related to protein damage, amyloid and tau processes, and synaptic function.
6236h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex connects to both noradrenergic and GABAergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, with cell-type-specific differences in glutamate release properties that enable adaptive regulation of behavior.
6236h agoApathy increases over time in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and is more common in people with certain brain diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration, hippocampal sclerosis, and Lewy body disease, especially in males.
6240h agoInsecticide exposure during adolescence disrupts multiple neural systems, leading to learning and memory impairments, depression-like behaviors, and other neurotoxic effects.
6240h agoCBD-loaded polymeric micelles improve brain concentration of CBD and core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in a rat model when administered intranasally.
6240h agoLate second language listeners use prediction in similar ways as native listeners to understand continuous speech.
6240h agoTargeted head rotations help filter out distractions and improve focus by working together with neural activity to support selective attention.
6240h agoLearning to read requires access to phonological representations, which are linked to reading proficiency in both deaf and hearing adults through visual speech and text.
6240h agoThe brain co-activates multiple lexical alternatives during language use, with activity in language regions predicted by embeddings of several top-ranked words, not just the word ultimately used.
6240h agoThe nervous system's regulation of beta-band sensorimotor rhythm varies greatly among individuals and within individuals depending on task demands, affecting the strength of corticomuscular coherence.
6240h agoHigh-field 7T MRI improves the precision and reliability of personalized functional brain mapping in infants, especially in subcortical structures, compared to 3T MRI.
6240h agoThe vigor of dexterous movements is not controlled by ongoing fluctuations in extracellular dopamine within the dorsal striatum of mice.
6244h agoA fully automated machine learning tool called ActiTect identifies rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) from wrist-worn actigraphy recordings with strong accuracy across different devices and cohorts.
6248h agoNeural activity forms non-linear structures called neural manifolds, which may correspond to continuous attractors shaped by recurrent connectivity between neurons.
6248h agoThe motor cortex activity sustains and reconfigures during brain-machine interface control to generate movements of different durations.
6248h agoPhysiological data from wearable devices can accurately predict scores on established cognitive tests in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
6248h agoA slow voltage-gated ion channel increases wave speeds in a network of neurons and enables subthreshold oscillations that structure the intervals between neural firing events.
6248h agoNeural networks can decode brain activity into speech by mapping EEG recordings to audio representations with improved performance using personalized architectures.
6248h agoTRACE, a new contrastive learning framework, learns a two-dimensional embedding of neural time series data by averaging across different subsets of trials, outperforming other methods and capturing biologically relevant variation and cell-type-related structure.
6248h agoPOSSM, a novel hybrid architecture, enables fast and efficient decoding of neural activity, achieving accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art models at a fraction of the inference cost.
6248h agoImproving benchmarking metrics, researchers calculate confidence intervals for error consistency, a key measure of alignment between machine learning models and human observers, and provide guidance on required trials for conclusive experiments.
6248h agoImagination helps access an internal world model, and analysis shows human and large language model imagination networks have key differences.
6248h agoThe study proves that two diffusively coupled neurons with electromagnetic induction and a switchable memristive autapse can achieve global asymptotic stability of synchronization, and provides a quantitative measure of the energetic cost of synchrony.
6248h agoA new linearized dynamics preserves phase space volume in chaotic systems, even in non-Hamiltonian systems, by modifying the tangent space dynamics to prevent volume collapse.
6248h agoDiscrete integrable operators have a connection to higher-order pole solutions of integrable hierarchies, and they come in two classes: those with 2x2 matrix kernels and those with general differential kernels.
6248h agoThe stability of two stationary solutions of the parametrically driven, damped nonlinear Dirac equation is determined by their sensitivity to small disturbances, with one solution always being unstable and the other being stable if dissipation is large enough.
6248h agoThe Stuart-Landau system extended to dimensions greater than 2 using Clifford's geometric algebra shows oscillatory dynamics confined to a hypersphere with extreme multistability, where an infinite number of limiting orbits coexist, each with a torus geometry.
6248h agoIntroducing a PT-symmetric complex potential in the ABS model of the cubic Dirac equation causes solitons to experience oscillations in charge and energy, with the imaginary part of the potential inducing these oscillations at the same frequency and phase as the momentum.
6248h agoHeterogeneity in laser parameters can promote synchronization in coupled lasers, allowing for stable coherence and power scaling in photonic systems.
6248h agoThe solution to the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation $AXA = XAX$ for a general given matrix $A$ yields all anti-commuting solutions using the Jordan canonical form of $A$.
6248h agoA new framework quantifies causal emergence in Gaussian iterative systems by linking approximate dynamical reversibility to singular value decomposition of inverse covariance matrices.
6248h agoThe Ikeda map in the conservative limit exhibits dynamics that can be interpreted as a composition of a rotation and a translation of the state vector, leading to the formation of shearless barriers when the system becomes nonintegrable.
6248h agoAdding simple prediction abilities to both preys and predators in a model leads to a new dynamic equilibrium where both species coexist and their populations grow indefinitely.
6248h agoA mathematical conjecture proposes that interacting agent systems approach a balanced state where inputs to each agent compensate each other when individual interactions do not scale down in proportion to the network size.
6248h agoIncreasing the initial total circulation of vortices accelerates turbulence onset, changes transport from sub- to super-diffusive, and determines late-time behavior in decaying incompressible 2D Navier-Stokes turbulence.
6248h agoHeterogeneity in laser parameters can promote synchronization in coupled lasers, allowing for stable coherence and power scaling in photonic systems.
6248h agoThe Yukawa-SYK model bridges single-particle and many-body chaos, and its interaction strength controls the transition between different chaotic regimes.
6248h agoMachine learning models using Artificial Neural Networks provide more accurate predictions of quantum wavefunction probability distributions, while Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems provide more interpretable results with fewer parameters.
6248h agoInteractions and quasiperiodic driving in a one-dimensional boson model can generate synthetic dimensions, leading to Anderson localization and critical behavior in two, three, or four effective dimensions.
6248h agoThe Jonscher's Universal Dielectric Response Law, which states that ac conductivity is a fractional power of frequency, is confirmed by experimental results from a large number of materials over the past fifty years.
6248h agoNon-Hermitian systems with non-reciprocal hopping show a non-Hermitian skin effect where states localize exponentially at one edge under open boundary conditions.
6248h agoExposing amorphous indium oxide films to an electron beam at room temperature makes the exposed region superconducting with an adjustable transition temperature up to 2.8 K.
6248h agoA new class of materials called Gyromorphs combines disorder and rotational order, enabling the formation of low-index-contrast isotropic bandgaps and outperforming other materials in 2D and 3D.
6248h agoTopological area-law-entangled phases emerge in monitored free-fermion dynamics, hosting dynamical topological modes whose entanglement is protected from being quenched by measurements.
6248h agoThe scaling theory of fading ergodicity shows that two-parameter scaling governs the entire ergodic regime in interacting systems, evolving into one-parameter scaling at the ergodicity breaking critical point and giving rise to resilient one-parameter scaling near the ETH point.
6248h agoThe mismatch negativity brain response is generated by additional input to the brain's outer layers from the thalamus, which causes specific currents in brain cells that produce the response.
6248h agoAnimals can link events with their outcomes even if they happen far apart in time, and neural networks can achieve this by reactivating prior events at the time of the outcome.
6268h agoA neuroscience-inspired neural network model uses feedback inhibition to improve pattern separation and stable activity, and also provides insights into cognitive disorders and robot learning.
6268h agoParvalbumin interneurons in the striatum help restrain actions and precisely control the timing of movements by synchronizing the firing of other neurons.
6268h agoThe neural activity of lumbar spinal neurons exhibits rotational dynamics during locomotion and transitions to a fixed-point attractor when stopping, reflecting a low-dimensional locomotor manifold and a postural manifold.
6268h agoIntrinsic fluctuations in ion dynamics serve as a neural mechanism for the temporal organization of co-fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity.
6268h agoThe lateral horn neurons reformat the activity of projection neurons in two distinct ways, discarding information about odor identities with similar valence and about continuing odor presence.
6268h agoAstrocytes in the hippocampus have distinct subtypes with different characteristics, and these subtypes respond differently to aging, showing changes in gene expression, protein function, and interaction with neurons.
6268h agoNeural circuits in the frontal orienting field (FOF) and anterior dorsal striatum (ADS) encode time and sensory evidence during decision-making, with FOF and ADS sharing similar dynamics during evidence evaluation but diverging near decision commitment.
6268h agoBMP signaling determines prion entry into cells, with its activation increasing prion uptake and its dysregulation occurring during chronic prion infection.
6280h agoRepeated opioid withdrawal episodes cause microglia in the brain to become more reactive, leading to a proinflammatory response and more severe withdrawal symptoms.
6284h agoMutations in the GBA1 gene cause neuronopathic Gaucher disease by leading to defective acid beta-glucosidase and accumulation of glycosphingolipid substrates, which results in inflammation and neurodegeneration.
6284h agoThe alternative splicing of a circadian clock gene, timeless, regulates seasonal responses of Pigment Dispersing Factor signaling, helping insects adapt to seasonal changes.
6284h agoTask congruence affects how neural populations encode information, with incongruent rules reducing cross-task generalizability, increasing neural complexity, and impacting cognitive flexibility.
6284h agoShort-term synaptic depression provides a unified explanation for brain responses to rare and unexpected events, and for how attention affects processing of relevant stimuli.
6284h agoThe retina detects salient visual stimuli and sends this information to the superior colliculus, rather than the superior colliculus generating it on its own.
6284h agoCurrent rat models of Gulf War illness are unreliable and fail to consistently produce symptoms of the condition, posing challenges for developing effective treatments.
6284h agoAssociative dendritic-spine enlargement plays a causal role in supporting awake cortical processing and wakefulness.
6284h agoParkinson's disease can be modeled in the spiny mouse, which shows more pronounced behavioral impairments, greater brain degeneration, and higher protein inclusions than mice, providing new insights into the disease's molecular underpinnings.
6288h agoKetamine disrupts conscious access in healthy subjects by reducing early visual responses, and this disruption relates to its psychotomimetic effects.
6288h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus interact to support rapid learning and retrieval of goal-directed actions in humans, with hippocampal ripples playing a key role in coordinating communication between these brain areas.
6292h agoPlateau potentials in the neocortex rapidly reshape neuronal representations through behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity, supporting rapid learning by changing synaptic weights in a single trial.
6292h agoThe anterior claustrum dynamically integrates different inputs over time and broadcasts a changing representation to other brain regions, allowing for context-dependent interpretation.
6292h agoThe basolateral amygdala pathway to the prelimbic cortex regulates and reduces the motivational effects of reward-associated cues, making them less desirable.
6292h agoThe cerebellum's dentate nucleus plays an active role in memory consolidation, with information transferred from the cerebellar cortex to the nuclei as learning progresses.
6292h agoScientists developed a method to selectively target dopamine neurons in mice and marmosets using specially designed viruses, allowing for more precise study of these brain cells.
6296h agoShort-term dynamics directly influence long-term plasticity, shaping neural circuit connectivity and information processing through changes in synaptic frequency dependence.
6296h agoEmotional salience strengthens neural tracking of attended conversations by sharpening attentional selection and semantic integration, and it does so in a nonlinear way across the conversational arc.
6296h agoDisruption of somatotopic patterning along the whisker-to-barrel pathway affects mice's ability to discriminate textures and their exploratory behavior.
6296h agoKetamine and psilocybin have distinct effects on sensory learning in the brain, with ketamine reducing the effect of sensory precision and both drugs reducing the expression of belief precision.
6296h agoCalcium permeates through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by partial dehydration, while magnesium blocks the channel by remaining hydrated and binding outside the selectivity filter.
6296h agoSurround modulation shapes neural responses across the visual hierarchy, with motion-dependent suppression in motion-selective areas, facilitation in early visual areas, and category-dependent modulation in scene-selective regions.
6296h agoA multi-scale simulation approach predicts that disease-associated variants of the AMPAR neuroreceptor and voltage-gated ion channels impact neuronal excitability by altering membrane potential and neural spikes.
6300h agoAn offline reconstruction pipeline for GE dMRI acquisitions provides access to complex, unfiltered dMRI data, allowing for denoising in the complex domain, which offers superior noise floor suppression and improved data quality compared to scanner reconstruction and proprietary denoising methods.
6300h agoCircadian clocks in Drosophila melanogaster integrate light and temperature cycles with varying lag times to regulate activity and gene expression, with morning and evening activity showing different temperature sensitivity.
6300h agoPathogenic variants in SLC6A1 reduce GABA uptake by 89.4% on average, and some variants of uncertain significance also show reduced uptake, providing a basis for reclassification.
6300h agoThe Kv6.4 potassium channel subunit modifies the firing properties of fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive neurons, enhancing their ability to release GABA and precisely control inhibitory output.
6300h agoEstradiol increases wakefulness and decreases sleep in female rats by acting on specific brain regions, particularly the median preoptic nucleus, through estrogen receptors.
6300h agoLarge-language models boost brain-computer interface spellers by correcting errors and transforming them into intelligent agents that can assist and discuss with users.
6300h agoFear causes people to rapidly reconfigure their visual attention, prioritizing threat detection, and increases their affective arousal, with acute and sustained fear having distinct effects on eye movements and pupil size.
6300h agoPeople with multiple sclerosis have higher levels of lactate in a key brain region, which correlates with their perceived effort, and different responses to physical tasks compared to healthy controls.
6300h agoThe left anterior temporal lobe underpins abstract verbal semantic processing, while the left fusiform gyrus contributes to general semantic processing across verbal and non-verbal stimuli, and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus plays a critical role in integrating verbal and non-verbal semantic information.
6300h agomiR-219 and other microRNAs regulate synaptic plasticity by controlling Ral signaling via RalGPS, enabling presynaptic remodeling and growth in response to neuronal activity.
6304h agoThe hippocampus and cortices of the medial temporal lobe are involved in working memory, with different subregions playing distinct roles during the process of learning, maintaining, and manipulating information.
6304h agoMotor imagery modulates both cortical and spinal cord processing, offering potential for neurorehabilitation in conditions like spinal cord injury and stroke.
6304h agoMotor commands do not always return to their original state after adaptation to a changed environment is no longer needed, especially for complex actions like walking.
6304h agoAuditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) can assess auditory masking, which decreases ASSR amplitude, and the relationship between ASSR and masking threshold depends on the frequency, level of the probe signal, and the masker level.
6304h agoSpinal neurons encode limb posture through a combination of joint-based and limb-centered representations, with some neurons firing selectively at specific limb configurations to provide a framework for controlling movement.
6304h agoDopamine depletion changes the dynamics of acetylcholine in the striatum, and L-DOPA treatment fails to normalize these changes.
6304h agoA new EEG-based model, MHASNet, accurately classifies taste perceptions into five categories with 94.33% accuracy, providing an objective, neurophysiology-based solution for taste evaluation.
6304h agoRepresentational drift in the neural code is caused by presenting specific stimuli, with drift for a given set of stimuli accelerating when that set is presented and slowing down when other stimuli are presented.
6304h agoRetinoic acid-like signaling molecule DM04 enhances nerve regeneration by promoting neurite outgrowth, neural induction, and motor recovery in spinal injury models.
6304h agoThe brain's sensory maps of the back are preserved in people with chronic low back pain, challenging the idea that this condition is caused by changes in the brain's sensory processing.
6304h agoPupillary responses vary with the task being performed, with glossiness ratings associated with pupil constriction and attractiveness ratings associated with pupil dilation at different times.
6308h agoAutism spectrum disorders are linked to changes in the striatum, a brain region important for learning and motor control, with specific cell types showing altered gene expression and synaptic functions.
6308h agoThe APOE CC variant protects against Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease proteinopathies, including amyloid-beta, tau, and alpha-synuclein pathologies.
6312h agoConsciousness is a macro phenomenon that cannot be explained by micro-level laws alone, requiring a new methodology that acknowledges the causal efficacy of macro-level phenomena.
6320h agoDeep learning models that mimic biological neural networks have driven major breakthroughs in developing models of perception and cognitive processes, but they still struggle with incremental learning and rely on biologically implausible error propagation algorithms.
6320h agoFunctional brain graphs occupy a low-dimensional latent geometry where topological and spectral structures vary together, and this geometry can meaningfully separate brain states and decode visual stimuli.
6320h agoHumans use 3D body position information to judge social interactions, and simple 3D pose features describing face position and direction can accurately predict human social judgments.
6320h agoAn expanded polyglutamine in huntingtin causes toxic gain of function, leading to protein aggregation and neuronal death through hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding mechanisms.
6320h agoBlock-Term Tensor Discriminant Analysis (BTTDA) enhances classification accuracy in brain-computer interfaces by providing flexible multilinear dimensionality reduction, outperforming traditional methods in electroencephalography data classification.
6320h agoA novel method based on convex relaxation and optimization solves the problem of fitting reinforcement learning models to behavioral data in multi-armed bandit environments with comparable performance to the state-of-the-art but with reduced computation time.
6320h agoBiological brains likely use overlapping sparse ensembles of neurons to store memories, not dedicated storage locations, and this approach allows for greater retention of older memories.
6320h agoIntegrated Information Theory (IIT) states that consciousness is fundamental to existence, and that an entity's cause-effect structure explains all properties of experience.
6320h agoScaling artificial neural networks does not improve alignment with the brain's visual processing patterns, but it does improve alignment with human object recognition behavior.
6320h agoRecurrent neural networks trained in closed-loop environments follow different learning trajectories and are governed by competing objectives of short-term policy improvement and long-term stability.
6320h agoTwo-dimensional discrete operators with eigenfunctions given by rational functions on spectral curves can be extended to difference operators that yield two-dimensional finite-gap Schrodinger operators at a fixed energy level through a limiting process.
6320h agoA hybrid data-driven framework combines score-based generative modeling with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations to accurately model multiscale dynamical systems, reproducing both long-term statistical properties and short-term transient dynamics.
6320h agoThe experiment demonstrates hidden multistability, where certain stable states are not detectable through conventional methods, using a programmable acoustic platform with competing nonlinearities.
6320h agoDisorder and nonlinearity in a one-dimensional stub lattice lead to three distinct dynamical regimes: weak chaos, strong chaos, and self-trapping, with subdiffusive spreading observed in the weak and strong chaos regimes.
6320h agoThe coupled Stuart-Landau equation study finds that unidirectionally coupled non-isochronous Stuart-Landau oscillators exhibit complex dynamics, including periodic, quasiperiodic, partially synchronized, and chaotic behavior, depending on parameter values.
6320h agoEntropy increases because information accessibility is geometrically bounded, resolving the paradox of time-reversible microscopic dynamics and irreversible macroscopic evolution.
6320h agoThe first-order trotterization of the critical transverse field Ising model retains its conserved quantities and exhibits a non-invertible Kramers-Wannier duality-symmetry that accounts for discrete translations in both space and time.
6320h agoIn fragmented habitats, individuals with stronger competitive traits accumulate in central areas, while those with weaker traits are displaced to the periphery, leading to spatial segregation.
6320h agoIn ecosystems with many species, coexistence is feasible under certain conditions, and species abundances follow a Gaussian distribution at equilibrium, but feasibility often breaks down before stability as the number of species increases.
6320h agoCritical slowing down can be used to predict tipping points in complex systems by measuring changes in the relaxation rate after perturbations.
6320h agoNoise affects the performance of digital memcomputing machines, causing a chaotic transition from successful to unsuccessful problem-solving, and their solvability correlates with the sign of the mean largest Lyapunov exponent.
6320h agoLie group methods are applied to delay ordinary differential equations to classify invariant equations, construct invariant solutions, and relate Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches.
6320h agoThe internal community structure of populations determines the course of epidemics, with highly connected groups accelerating outbreaks and less connected ones slowing them down.
6320h agoLocalized focused ion beam irradiation induces stochastic oscillatory dynamics in simple two-terminal switching devices made of V2O3, leading to rapid current flickering and nonlinear behavior.
6320h agoLocalization transitions occur with the breaking of dynamical translational symmetry, which is a concept defined by the long-time dynamics of local observables.
6320h agoA physics-guided contrastive learning framework called XCCP accurately retrieves crystal structures and identifies symmetry from powder X-ray diffraction patterns, enabling high-throughput screening and autonomous laboratories.
6320h agoDisorder and nonlinearity in a one-dimensional stub lattice lead to three distinct dynamical regimes: weak chaos, strong chaos, and self-trapping, with subdiffusive spreading observed in the weak and strong chaos regimes.
6320h agoOptimal thresholding for lossy compression of a stochastic signal reveals Pareto-optimal trade-offs between retained mutual information and encoding cost, following a universal cube-root scaling with the product of the prior distribution and Fisher information.
6320h agoThe Jonscher's Universal Dielectric Response Law holds true for a huge number of materials, as experimental results confirm that ac conductivity is a fractional power of frequency.
6320h agoThe interacting Anderson Quantum Sun model exhibits unconventional phases, including one with volume-law entanglement and intermediate spectral statistics, and another with Poisson level statistics and sub-volume entanglement growth.
6320h agoSparse random matrices often exhibit unbounded eigenvalue tails, called Lifshitz tails, and an analytical approach characterises these tails by linking eigenvalues to exponentially localised eigenvectors on highly-connected hubs of the network.
6320h agoSimple active models of matter can reproduce complex biological phenomena, and activity in these models affects how particles escape cages and fluctuate in lower dimensions.
6320h agoSmall singular values and their vectors in transformer models capture considerable information about the data, just like large ones.
6320h agoThe Landauer-Büttiker formula is extended to describe particle and energy currents with gain or loss in a finite region, revealing novel effects including current generation, disorder-induced current, and modified thermal and electrical conductances.
6320h agoLarge Language Models achieve peak generalization from minimal data when tuned to a sharp learning transition, allowing them to solve complex problems in fundamental physics.
6320h agoDeterministic quasipolynomial-time algorithms estimate the partition function to high accuracy for spin glasses in the mean-field setting.
6320h agoExposure to World War II bombings in the womb during the last trimester reduces grey matter volume in the brain, which leads to lower intelligence and higher obesity in adulthood.
6320h agoMini-pcdh15b-V4 restores photoreceptor structure and visual function in a zebrafish model of Usher syndrome type 1F, rescuing vision loss by recapitulating typical localization of Pcdh15b and re-establishing photoreceptor architecture and functional output.
6320h agoHIV-1 infection disrupts the gut microbiome, and a compound called S-Equol changes this microbiome in a way that affects motivation for cocaine in infected rats.
6320h agoThe human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contains 22 types of sensory neurons and 10 types of non-neuronal cells that play a crucial role in sensing pain, touch, temperature, and movement.
6320h agoThe human brain processes audiovisual information through two complementary patterns of organization: a modality-switching system and a system with balanced representation of auditory and visual information.
6324h agoEarly caregiving experience changes the development of chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 in the brain, affecting how neurons respond to inhibitory signals.
6324h agoAutism-linked genes are mainly expressed in the developing thalamus and germinal zones of the brain, with specific brain cells and areas showing high levels of these genes.
6328h agoThe APPA673T mutation reduces amyloid-beta plaque size in 5xFAD mice, and modifies amyloid-beta pathology in a genotype-dependent manner.
6328h agoBinocular conflict suppresses neural responses in mouse visual cortex, with cells that prefer ipsilateral gratings being suppressed and those that prefer contralateral gratings being less suppressed or enhanced.
6328h agoTwo distinct subtypes of major depressive disorder are identified based on changes in brain connectivity, with Subtype I showing overconnected brain areas linked to severe symptoms and Subtype II showing underconnected brain areas linked to treatment resistance.
6328h agoEstrogen regulates fat taste transduction in the taste system, particularly for fatty acid signaling, and influences the role of certain proteins in taste cells.
6328h agoThe human brain's cognitive networks have different organization patterns in the left and right hemispheres, and this organization varies more than expected across individuals, with no single pattern linked to higher cognitive ability.
6328h agoThe eardrum does not move or has a minimal impact on sound perception during eye movements, as sound localization performance does not vary with eardrum oscillations.
6328h agoNew machine vision technology enables precise measurement of behaviour in freely moving animals, and a standardized system and data processing method can be used to obtain 3D reconstructions of mouse behaviour.
6328h agoAstrocytes develop distinct behaviors and functions in 3D hydrogels with different extracellular matrix components, such as fibrin, which affects their conversion into neurons.
6328h agoImmature olfactory sensory neurons provide distinct odor input that helps with odor detection but not discrimination in the healthy olfactory system.
6328h agoRhythmic light stimulation produces multiple neural responses that coexist and have different impacts on cognition, contributing to variable study results.
6328h agoSensory inputs from the nose are internalized during sleep, with brain activity in the olfactory bulb diminishing during sleep and reappearing during wakefulness.
6328h agoBody cues dominate visual cues in human spatial navigation, even in large and visually rich environments.
6328h agoDifferent populations of octopaminergic neurons drive arousal in larvae and adult flies, showing a developmental switch in sleep-wake circuit architecture.
6328h agoMidbrain dopamine neurons reinforce actions by making stimuli valuable, which in turn supports the generation of action value representations in the intermediate caudoputamen.
6332h agoThe prefrontal regions, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, contribute to visual perceptual learning during sleep, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in learning during non-REM sleep and the medial prefrontal cortex involved in stabilizing learning during REM sleep.
6332h agoIndividuals with asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease maintain cognitive function due to preserved mitochondrial bioenergetics, characterized by enhanced energy production and metabolism in certain brain cells.
6332h agoThe accuracy of lesion mapping analyses varies widely depending on the specific design used, with certain analysis designs performing better in terms of sensitivity and specificity to underlying critical correlates.
6332h agoNatural soundscapes reduce neural costs of noise exposure and preserve cognitive function, while noise exposure impairs attention and increases stress.
6332h agoA new model called LORAX creates better representations of odorants, enabling it to outperform existing models on predictive tasks by aligning more closely with olfactory neural representation.
6332h agoThe subthalamic nucleus plays multiple roles in decision formation and evaluation by processing sensory evidence, reward expectations, and decision evaluation, and is composed of subpopulations of neurons with different activity patterns.
6332h agoThe brain scans of mice with Huntington's disease show similar structural abnormalities to those found in humans with the disease, including shrinkage in the striatum, cortex, and corpus callosum, and growth in the cerebellum.
6332h agoBarrel cortex microcircuits process input from multiple whiskers in a direction-dependent way, with synaptic circuitry shaped to preserve temporal fidelity and selectively filter inputs according to whisking phase and direction.
6332h agoThe motor cortex instructs limb muscle activity patterns during climbing by selectively activating certain muscles at specific activity states through distinct neural activity patterns.
6340h agoMicroglia influence how amyloid-β affects astrocyte reactivity in Alzheimer's disease, contributing to cognitive impairment through tau phosphorylation and aggregation.
6340h agoFAPEX, a novel seizure prediction architecture, achieves approximately 10% improvement in F1-score and sensitivity over state-of-the-art baselines and consistently outperforms 33 baselines across 12 benchmarks.
6344h agoCortical circuits' diverse responses enable the inference of mechanistic circuit models, and a new statistical theory allows for analytically tractable and diverse dynamics in feature-tuned balanced state networks.
6344h agoBeta-band activity in the frontal cortex signals categorical decision outcomes, and its frequency shifts reflect changes in brain communication channels.
6344h agoPeople's choices in uncertain environments often match the frequencies of their desired outcomes, even if this approach is not optimal, and can be explained by a simple combination of matching, antimatching, maximizing, and minimizing strategies.
6344h agoThe coupled Chialvo neurons exhibit multistable behavior with two qualitatively different attractors, a chaotic basin that occupies most of the state space and a nonchaotic basin that stretches to infinity, with a fractal boundary leading to extreme final state sensitivity.
6344h agoThe NSD-synthetic dataset provides out-of-distribution generalization tests that help develop more robust models of visual processing and human vision.
6344h agoThe amplitude of the neural response function serves as a robust indicator of conscious state, with strong and widespread responsiveness during wakefulness, suppressed responsiveness during anesthesia, and elevated responsiveness during recovery.
6344h agoRecent advances in computational techniques have enabled individualized optimization of transcranial electrical stimulation by allowing for dynamic and subject-specific stimulation planning.
6344h agoThe State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 provides a comprehensive reassessment of progress in brain emulation since 2008, outlining current capabilities, ongoing challenges, and strategic priorities.
6344h agoDynamics in low-rank networks can be high- or low-dimensional, and are suppressed in directions aligned with the network's low-rank structure when driven by high-dimensional inputs or perturbations.
6344h agoA new type of recurrent neural network, called Fast Weight Programmers, uses two-dimensional matrix-form hidden states to serve as short-term memory storage, changing dynamically over time based on input observations.
6344h agoThe reverse space-time higher-order modified self-steepening nonlinear Schrödinger equation has integrability verified through its Lax pair and conservation laws, and exhibits novel wave solutions including kinks, solitons, and rogue waves.
6344h agoNetworks with specific structure and dynamics can exhibit stable patterns of active and inactive clusters, where nodes in active clusters have nonzero velocity and nodes in inactive clusters do not.
6344h agoA novel type of lattice suppresses umklapp processes induced by cubic nonlinearity, allowing it to achieve closer to ballistic transport than existing lattices.
6344h agoThe Rossler system exhibits transitions between different types of chaotic attractors through a generalized intermittency scenario.
6344h agoThe cubic Szegö equation, a classical field theory, has a Lax integrability structure that allows for an explicit general solution, and its quantum version has purely integer spectra, indicating a special structure.
6344h agoThe Lotka-Volterra model shows that seasonal variations in food resources lead to chaotic dynamics and spatial structure in predator-prey competition, which can enhance ecosystem resilience.
6344h agoInteractions between excitons and phonons determine the stability of the superradiant state in quasi-2D structures, which is modulationally stable when the square of its amplitude does not exceed a critical intensity value.
6344h agoThe coupled Chialvo neurons exhibit multistable behavior with two qualitatively different attractors, a chaotic basin that occupies most of the state space and a nonchaotic basin that stretches to infinity, with a fractal boundary leading to extreme final state sensitivity.
6344h agoThe study develops an approach to describe fluctuations in the Kuramoto-Sakachu model, obtaining explicit expressions for the covariance function and variance of the complex order parameter.
6344h agoSolutions to the discrete Nahm equation with platonic symmetries correspond to SU(2) magnetic monopoles in hyperbolic space, and their spectral curves can be directly calculated.
6344h agoA new reaction-diffusion model generates fingerprint-like patterns that match real fingerprints in terms of microstructure distribution and basic classifications.
6344h agoThe presence of a dark matter halo around a Schwarzschild-like black hole modifies the spacetime curvature and leads to chaotic motion of a massive particle moving around the black hole.
6344h agoPeriodic orbits in the configuration space of ordered points on a two-dimensional sphere satisfy both semi-discrete analogues of mKdV and sine-Gordon equations and describe the characteristic motion of the Kaleidocycle.
6344h agoEukaryotic cells use dynamic patterns of filamentous actin and its regulators to promote different motility modes, including directed migration, turning, and ruffling, through complex interactions between active and inactive Rho-GTPase and F-actin.
6344h agoA new framework quantifies causal emergence in Gaussian iterative systems by linking approximate dynamical reversibility to singular value decomposition of inverse covariance matrices.
6344h agoLagrangian multiforms appear naturally in multidimensional dispersionless integrable systems as higher-order conservation laws and in the context of Gibbons-Tsarev equations.
6344h agoOptimally designed networks for synchronization are sparse, bipartite, and have similar neighboring nodes, allowing them to globally phase-lock and synchronize without a threshold when a critical budget is exceeded.
6344h agoThe 2D Toda hierarchy has a family of tau-functions that can be expressed as a skew Schur function expansion formula.
6344h agoThe Self-Optimization model has the capacity for creativity, satisfying the necessary and sufficient conditions of a creative process, and learning is needed to find creative outcomes.
6344h agoA method called cascade quantization can systematically convert classical dynamical systems in two dimensions into their quantum counterparts while respecting physical requirements.
6344h agoA new approach reveals that odd elastic responses in crystalline systems lead to complex behaviors like self-rotation, self-propulsion, and fragmentation, and allows for control of these behaviors through variation of interparticle interactions.
6344h agoScientists use algorithmic information theory to infer past values in chaotic systems, finding two approaches that help identify the starting value of a series given its final value.
6344h agoThe amplitude of the neural response function serves as a robust indicator of conscious state, with strong and widespread responsiveness during wakefulness, suppressed responsiveness during anesthesia, and elevated responsiveness during recovery.
6344h agoThe quantum error correction threshold is closely related to the Nishimori physics of random statistical models, and coherent information can serve as a sharp indicator of phase transitions along the Nishimori line.
6344h agoChemically distinct glass-forming liquids have universal features in their spectrum and temperature dependence of main structural relaxation.
6344h agoSobolev training, which uses both function and gradient data, improves predictive performance of neural networks only when the degree of overparameterization is properly matched with the training method.
6344h agoSymmetry breaking in metasurfaces can enhance light trapping by strengthening in-plane nonlocal coupling pathways, and opens new electromagnetic coupling channels for polarization conversion.
6344h agoA new random matrix ensemble, defined by a Dyson Brownian motion process, captures the statistical properties of many-body localization in periodically driven systems.
6344h agoDisordered kinetic glass models from statistical physics can be used as toy models for autoregressive sequence generation, offering tunable correlations, easy sampling, and exact solvability in large state space dimensions.
6344h agoTraining molds the Riemannian geometry of neural network feature maps, with networks learning to magnify local areas along decision boundaries, especially in classification tasks.
6344h agoAll short-ranged microscopic disorders flow to the same universal fixed point in the strong-coupling limit of the functional renormalization group.
6344h agoCorrelations between energy levels help distinguish if a many-body system is integrable or chaotic, and a corrected surmise accurately captures spectral correlations in random matrices.
6344h agoSelf-attention layers can be understood through dynamical systems analysis, which reveals that normalization plays a key role in suppressing instability and oscillatory components, and that operating near a critical state is linked to high inference performance.
6344h agoNeural Importance Resampling enables efficient and unbiased sampling for simulating many-body quantum systems, supporting stable and scalable training for neural quantum states.
6344h agoThe gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating sleep physiology through the gut-microbiota-brain axis, and disruptions in its composition contribute to sleep disorders, neuroinflammation, and immune dysfunction.
6348h agoArtificial neural networks can develop patterns similar to mirror neurons in the human brain, which support cooperative behavior and empathy-like mechanisms, and may help align AI systems with human values.
6348h agoTourette syndrome is caused by rare genetic mutations, particularly protein-truncating mutations in genes that are intolerant to loss-of-function variation, which are distinct from those that cause autism spectrum disorder.
6352h agoEngineered inducible Calling Cards enable recording of DNA binding events in the living mouse, allowing precise control of when recording occurs.
6352h agoPeople born without the sense of smell have changes in brain tissue, mainly around the area responsible for processing smells, and specifically have decreased white matter in areas surrounding the olfactory sulcus.
6352h agoFace information is structured in the middle layer of the fusiform face area (FFA) before further processing, as shown by higher decoding accuracies for face images in this layer.
6352h agoEEG activity and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen are related and together underpin resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging metrics, with cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen serving as a primary mediator of their association.
6352h agoRepetitive learning enhances the parietal old/new effect, a neural marker of long-term memory, by increasing its amplitude and speed, but leaves the frontal old/new effect unchanged.
6352h agoPlasticity in neural networks negates the functional equivalence between recurrent neural networks and feedforward neural networks, limiting the unfolding argument for consciousness.
6356h agoBrain organization asymmetries in people with a rare condition called situs inversus totalis are mostly similar to those without the condition, but certain structural asymmetries are often reversed.
6356h agoThe brain uses separate neural systems, one in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for pleasant situations and another in the anterior insula for unpleasant situations, to encode the value of experiences and guide decision making.
6356h agoA new EEG Source Imaging method accurately localizes epileptic zones from High-Resolution ElectroEncephaloGraphy data by imposing sparsity on source-level activity and its spatial gradient.
6356h agoHuman neurons have faster excitatory synaptic transmissions that enable rapid extraction of hidden patterns in complex environments.
6356h agoThis study identifies brain regions that can be targeted with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance learning of new words, and finds that a specific task can reliably measure language learning and brain activity changes.
6356h agoThe primary visual cortex (V1) exhibits a functional organization for speed tuning, with cells tuned for speed clustering together and simple and complex cells showing speed tuning across cortical layers.
6356h agoA chemical genetic-based screening approach identified stimuli that modulate gene expression differences in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) neurons, producing data that can be used to discover potential treatments for the disease.
6356h agoA specific genetic variation in the oxytocin receptor gene influences how female prairie voles interact with unfamiliar males, causing them to spend more time observing from a distance, especially at the start of interactions.
6356h agoKids with congenital heart defects have ongoing problems with blood flow to the brain, which can affect their thinking skills, and these problems differ by sex and defect severity.
6356h agoStatistical learning is not affected by sex or hormonal influences, but sex and menstrual cycle may shape some aspects of visuomotor behavior.
6356h agoEphaptic coupling, or electrical field effects of depolarizing neurons, plays a role in synchronizing neural ensembles and influences the development of neural circuits by affecting the timing of neuronal spikes.
6356h agoThe hippocampus has different parts that handle different tasks, with the dorsal part mainly processing spatial information and the ventral part handling emotional information, but cells in different regions respond similarly to spatial and social/odor stimuli.
6356h agoSIRT1 regulates depression by modulating cellular metabolism and circadian clock-controlled transcriptional regulation in different types of neurons in the brain.
6356h agoA new chemogenetic tool can inhibit a single subtype of voltage-gated sodium channel, allowing for precise studies of channel physiology and potentially manipulating action potential signals.
6356h agoThe cerebral blood flow and cell-body staining intensity similarity index (CCSI) reveals a region-specific alignment between laminar vascular and cellular profiles across the cortex.
6356h agoThe brain stores memories of sickness experiences, which when recalled, trigger reduced metabolism and increased immune responses.
6356h agoNeurofeedback training produces a small-to-moderate improvement in memory performance in healthy adults, particularly in younger adults and with protocols using electroencephalography and targeting verbal and short-term memory.
6360h agoScientists have identified an autoimmune target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
6360h agoFast readers think ahead to upcoming words when reading.
6360h agoDopamine neuron firing reflects behavioral exertion.
6360h agoExoskeleton stiffness modifies muscle dynamics, but does not change spindle firing, which shows weak correlations with muscle length, velocity, force, and yank.
6364h agoThe visual thalamus represents the motion of a subject's movements, whether self-generated or externally imposed, in a simple and efficient way by combining active and passive motion signals.
6364h agoV1 cortico-cortical projection neurons develop connections with higher visual areas through a process of directed guidance, where specific neuron subtypes establish selective patterns early, followed by local refinement.
6364h agoEstrogen signaling in microglia limits metabolic problems caused by a high-fat diet, with male mice being more affected than female mice when this signaling is disrupted.
6364h agoAI-generated pictures evoke similar emotional responses to original pictures, with both types of pictures eliciting stronger responses to emotional content than neutral content.
6364h agoA new computational framework called CeDNe integrates different types of data to analyze the neural circuits of C. elegans, allowing researchers to connect network structure with function.
6364h agoThe brain uses condition-invariant neural codes to decode speech intelligibility across different listening environments, with contributions from auditory, frontal, and parietal regions.
6368h agoCytoNet, a foundation model, encodes microscopic images of the cerebral cortex into expressive features, enabling comprehensive brain analyses and top-tier performance in tasks such as cortical area classification and cell morphology estimation.
6368h agoCognitive control helps individuals pursue goals by managing perception, valuation, and action, and researchers understand it as a dynamic and distributed neural process involving brain regions that send top-down signals to guide task-specific activity.
6368h agoSchizophrenia compresses the sensory-to-association hierarchy in the brain, indicating reduced functional differentiation, and this compression disrupts neural computations, leading to less stable neural states.
6368h agoThe gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating sleep by influencing brain and body functions through the gut-microbiota-brain axis, and disruptions in its composition can lead to sleep disorders and other health problems.
6368h agoArtificial neural networks can develop patterns similar to mirror neurons in the human brain, which support cooperative behavior and empathy-like mechanisms, and could be used to embed ethical decision-making directly within AI architectures.
6368h agoThe Structurally Adaptive Predictive Inference Network (SAPIN) model learns by minimizing local prediction errors on a 2D grid, allowing it to successfully solve the CartPole task and maintain a stable policy.
6368h agoDeep learning models can reliably predict a person's entire brain MRI several years into the future from a baseline MRI, allowing for individualized prognosis.
6368h agoIntermediate arousal maximizes neural discriminability of tones in the auditory cortex, with a spiking model revealing that this relationship is due to a transition from a multi-attractor to a single-attractor phase in cortical networks.
6368h agoNeurons operate in two modes, coincidence detection and integration, which can be explained by a simplified model that captures their subthreshold dynamics.
6368h agoA new algorithm, the Desynchronization Index (DI), identifies the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy by detecting independent behavior in brain channels, outperforming traditional methods.
6368h agoTask-modulated contrastive learning integrates top-down information to enable continual learning from a stream of unlabeled data and sparsely labeled examples without compromising generalization.
6368h agoEmergent properties arise in systems with many interacting parts, exhibiting characteristics such as universality, complexity, and unpredictability, and are central to understanding major scientific and societal challenges across multiple disciplines.
6368h agoForgetting at a certain rate helps a walker learn and localize around a resource on a lattice, achieving a faster learning process without compromising memory.
6368h agoA novel framework trains human neural organoids to form and adapt internal world models, enabling them to understand, predict, and interact with virtual environments.
6368h agoThe study investigates the theory of R-brackets, Baxter brackets, and Nijenhuis brackets in Banach setting and their applications to solving Lax equations associated with Banach Manin triples.
6368h agoThe interaction between transport protocols like TCP and UDP and Active Queuing Management schemes like RED can produce complex dynamics, including period doubling and border collision bifurcations, due to nonlinearities and delays.
6368h agoHydrogen bonds are influenced by quantum tunnelling, which affects their structure and dynamics, and a new model describes how isotope substitution impacts proton and deuteron tunnelling across these bonds.
6368h agoProton tunneling across hydrogen bonds can be accurately modeled using a wavefunction-based framework with a simple double-well potential.
6368h agoThe induced modulation instability in second-harmonic generation exhibits a regime of recurrence, driven by non-degenerate downconversion, where the pump and modulation convert back and forth in a quasi-periodic process.
6368h agoThe response of nonlinear resonators to multifrequency driving reveals rich dynamics, with a competition between drives governed by detuning and relative amplitudes, leading to dynamical phase transitions and asymmetry in the phase diagram.
6368h agoQuantum droplets are ultra-soft quantum elastic media with an elastic bulk modulus that can be less than $1~\mathrm{\mu Pa}$, and their elasticity depends on particle number and interparticle interaction strength.
6368h agoVarying the polarization angle and trap aspect ratio in a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate creates different patterns, including stripes, curved stripes, and labyrinths, which can be controlled by polarization angle, trap geometry, and population imbalance.
6368h agoQuantized soliton pumping is observed in Aubry-Andre-Harper model when a synthetic nonlinearity is introduced, and the localized excitations driving this pumping are Wannier functions of uniformly filled bands.
6368h agoA network of nonlocally coupled dissipative kicked rotors exhibits critical transitions in its phase diagram, including bifurcations of spatiotemporal patterns and changes in basin sizes of coherent states, which differ from those in other coupled systems.
6368h agoLie group methods are applied to delay ordinary differential equations to classify invariant equations, construct invariant solutions, and relate Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches.
6368h agoThe Hamiltonian flow of the inhomogeneous six-vertex model is integrable, as shown by the computation of its action-angle variables.
6368h agoThe superposition of two flows created by permanent magnets and a weak constant current leads to efficient mixing in a cubic cavity through chaotic streamlines.
6368h agoQuantum chaos can be controlled in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems using discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs.
6368h agoPlace-cell networks with higher-order neural interactions can store a large number of patterns, enabling recognition and navigation on general surfaces in 3-dimensional space.
6368h agoThe bulk-boundary decomposition reveals that deep neural network training dynamics can be separated into a data-independent bulk term and a data-dependent boundary term.
6368h agoDegree correlations and clustering in complex networks alter both the percolation threshold and critical exponents, and the degree distribution alone is insufficient to determine universality classes.
6368h agoOntological Differentiation, a method measuring concept divergence through definition overlap, provides a new, definition-based metric of semantic similarity that is largely independent of existing similarity measures.
6368h agoQuantum chaos can be controlled in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems using discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs.
6368h agoLocalization remains stable under weak interactions, with corrections to noninteracting local integrals of motion being well-controlled for at least an O(1) fraction of them, and charge transport capacity remaining bounded.
6368h agoQuantum reservoir computing can be implemented through quantum transport in mesoscopic electronic systems, enabling efficient computation with several advantages including compatibility with existing device fabrication techniques.
6368h agoA block-diagonal quantum geometric tensor improves the optimization of neural quantum states by preserving essential curvature, removing noisy correlations, and enabling faster convergence and lower energy.
6368h agoA machine learning decoder efficiently corrects errors in quantum logical circuits with entangling gates with competitive accuracy and much faster speed than conventional methods.
6368h agoAir pollution exposure is linked to changes in children's white matter microstructure, specifically lower neurite density, but no statistically significant associations were found with overall white matter microstructural integrity.
6376h agoHierarchical amplitude modulation provides a circuit-level mechanism for hierarchical encoding, where information is encoded in the envelope of a carrier and brain rhythms modulate the amplitude of faster rhythms, producing a cascade of nested oscillatory envelopes.
6376h agoThe retrieval of a conditioned memory triggers changes in brain activity, including decreased beta-band activity and altered microstate dynamics, which may reflect enhanced processing of the memory.
6376h agoMemory reactivation during rest after retrieval modifies and strengthens previously encoded representations, with beta-band activity and frontal network dynamics playing a crucial role in facilitating long-term memory.
6376h agoAutistic children show altered neural synchronization when processing faces, which is linked to greater cognitive effort and differences in early network synchronization compared to non-autistic peers.
6376h agoCRISPR gene editing can be targeted to specific neural circuits using a new tool called CRISPR-rabies virus, allowing precise gene modifications and modulation of neural activity.
6376h agoMotor skill learning involves a fundamental inverse relationship between brain and movement dynamics, where more organized brain activity supports more flexible movement patterns.
6376h agoSleep protects declarative memories equally, whether they are initially strong or weak, and helps maintain memory performance similar to that immediately after learning.
6376h agoScientists have created a new model of the human hippocampus using stem cells, which helps to understand how the hippocampus develops and how environmental stressors, such as excess glucocorticoids, can impair its growth.
6376h agoTraveling waves in the brain propagate in complex spatial patterns that correlate with behaviors such as memory encoding, maintenance, and retrieval, and can reveal hidden spirals that distinguish between separate cognitive states.
6376h agoElevated brain urea levels are present in both frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and are linked to a multi-dementia pathogenic mechanism.
6376h agoDopamine receptors are expressed throughout the central auditory system of the plainfin midshipman fish, with D2a receptors predominating over D1Aa receptors.
6376h agoMicroglia development involves a switch from proliferation to quiescence, which precedes the acquisition of complex morphology and efficient phagocytosis and is driven by epigenetic changes.
6376h agoExecutive functions, particularly updating, play a causal role in supporting higher cognition, including fluid reasoning, visual processing, and processing speed, through flexible coordination within the frontoparietal network.
6376h agoAdding orientation selectivity to stimulation protocols improves the accuracy of evoked neural activity in the visual cortex, allowing for more complex visual percepts.
6376h agoAHA1 regulates Abeta production by modulating APP expression and gamma-secretase assembly.
6376h agoThe mammalian auditory cortex uses two different methods, one based on harmonic content and the other on temporal periodicity, to extract the fundamental frequency of a sound, and some neurons are specialized to represent pitch in an invariant way.
6376h agoDopamine synthesis in the brain can be reliably measured using functional positron emission tomography (fPET) during a monetary incentive task, with varying levels of reliability across different brain regions and conditions.
6376h agoThe brain modulates neural responses in one sensory modality based on prior information from another modality, and integrates linguistic and visual information through prediction errors and distinct neural populations.
6376h agoStress changes how people perceive payoff magnitudes, making them take greater financial risks by having more optimistic beliefs about risky options.
6380h agoAccessing meaning at different levels during encoding leads to distinct neural reactivation patterns during later memory retrieval, with encoding history leaving distinct neural signatures that can be decoded from recognition activity across the brain.
6384h agoModularity-based community detection reveals that changes in functional connectivity are driven by changes within existing network modules, rather than reorganization of the modules themselves, in neural activity recordings.
6384h agoSpaceflight triggers neural senescence in human brain cells through reactivation of dormant genomic retroelements, leading to inflammation and neurotoxicity that can be reversed by reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
6384h agoThe indirect steering muscles, specifically the tergopleural muscles, contribute substantially to flight stabilization in Drosophila, particularly for large pitch perturbations.
6384h agoMalformations of cortical development caused by faulty genes in the mTOR pathway lead to abnormal cell aggregation, which is dependent on mTOR activity and may contribute to seizures.
6384h agoThe accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide is linked to a novel axis involving GSK-3beta, eIF2Bepsilon, and BACE1, where GSK-3beta-mediated eIF2Bepsilon phosphorylation enhances BACE1 translation, leading to amyloidogenesis.
6384h agoLamotrigine reduces the broadband power at low frequencies in EEG signals, while levetiracetam has no measurable effects on EEG activity.
6384h agoNeuroblastoma metastasis in non-MYCN amplified tumours is linked to changes in 400 genes, including Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Palmitoyltransferase 23 (zDHHC23), which can predict patient outcomes and may be a target for treatment.
6384h agoRepeated strong stimulation of a neuron triggers local protein synthesis and changes protein localization, allowing the neuron to adjust its proteome in response to activity, and CaMKII protein is synthesized locally in the presynaptic neuron through a mechanism that requires specific mRNA sequences and cellular pathways.
6384h agoAdding an inferior option does not reliably bias choice between two other options in perceptual tasks.
6384h agoMaternal n-3 PUFA dietary deficiency alters fatty acid profiles in the placenta and brain of offspring as early as embryonic day 17.5 and affects fatty acid and oxylipin profiles throughout postnatal brain development with sex-specific differences.
6384h agoThe acoustoelectric interaction enables spatially focused, non-invasive neuromodulation by combining acoustic and electric fields, allowing for precise brain stimulation without surgery.
6384h agoSeizures can emerge through two distinct pathways, either by activation of inhibitory interneurons before pyramidal neurons or by concurrent activation of both populations.
6384h agoAlzheimer's disease risk variants in the CD33 and SPI1 loci converge on shared functional pathways in monocytes, reducing their ability to clear amyloid-beta peptides.
6384h agoApolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene affects Alzheimer's disease risk, and iPSC-derived neurons and microglia provide a valuable human model for studying neurodegenerative diseases through proteomic analysis.
6384h agoHigh-codimension bifurcations, especially the codimension-3 Degenerate Takens-Bogdanov singularity, shape the dynamics of nonlinear models by connecting lower-codimension bifurcations and attractors, and research reveals that its unfolding exhibits a rich repertoire of dynamical behaviors.
6384h agoThe Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) helps prepare movements by interacting with peripheral processes, reducing reaction times by directly sending outputs to the spinal cord and modulating motor unit activation.
6388h agoA novel method uses psychophysiological tests and machine learning to predict a person's cognitive age.
6392h agoVariational representational similarity analysis (vRSA) uses a Bayesian approach to test whether neural recordings reflect the similarity of stimuli or experimental conditions.
6392h agoA dual-channel magnetic chamber system generates high-amplitude magnetic fields across two widely separated frequency channels with negligible interference, allowing for precise manipulation of neural activity in a freely moving mouse.
6392h agoArtificial neural networks can be improved by incorporating biophysical properties of neural circuits, such as neuronal diversity and cell-specific neuromodulation, to enable continual learning, adaptability, robustness, and resource efficiency.
6392h agoInputDSA, a new metric, compares the dynamics of two systems, taking into account both their internal workings and the impact of external inputs.
6392h agoA deep learning pipeline detects and quantifies epileptic seizures in EEG signals with a 93% accuracy, by integrating a new pre-processing technique, a post-processing algorithm, and a strict evaluation procedure.
6392h agoSpikeFit, a novel training method for Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), enables efficient inference on neuromorphic hardware by co-optimizing model weights and discrete values, resulting in higher network compression efficiency and lower energy use.
6392h agoMultidimensional solitons research has been updated with new results, including the creation of multiple quantum droplets and expanding toroidal light structures, and predictions of stable 3D vortex solitons.
6392h agoPhysical Neural Networks can improve computational performance by using a layer-by-layer time-multiplexing scheme called ReLaX-Net, which efficiently reuses parameters with only minor modifications.
6392h agoA new framework for Physics-Informed Neural Networks preserves key physical invariants while solving nonlinear partial differential equations, allowing for accurate and stable simulation of wave propagation.
6392h agoA modified model shows that changing connections between grid nodes leads to a shift from power-law to exponential distribution of dissipated energy, resulting in microflare-dominated dynamics and loss of scale-free behavior.
6392h agoMixed superposition rules describe general solutions of time-dependent systems of differential equations using particular solutions of other systems.
6392h agoA new on-chip source of frequency comb uses a lithium niobate nanophotonic circuit with a semiconductor laser to produce topological solitons, enabling a simpler and more efficient way to generate frequency combs.
6392h agoCausal emergence in dynamic systems is stronger at macro-states than micro-states, and a new framework accurately measures this phenomenon in systems with continuous states and Gaussian noise.
6392h agoThe Martin-Siggia and Rose approach to statistical turbulence leads to a Bethe-Salpeter equation for the three-point correlation of the velocity field.
6392h agoThe generalized Constantin-Lax-Majda equation has exact pole dynamics solutions in a periodic geometry with dissipation, which help analyze singularity formation in the 3D incompressible Euler equations.
6392h agoThe two-parameter quantum groups have dual PBW bases in their positive and negative subalgebras, constructed using a two-parameter shuffle algebra and combinatorics of dominant Lyndon words.
6392h agoSpatial patterning in ecosystems may reduce, rather than enhance, resilience, according to a new framework that relaxes assumptions of existing models and incorporates more realistic conditions.
6392h agoTrotterization induces a transition from weak to chaotic dynamics at a critical time step, with distinct scaling laws governing the behavior before and after this transition.
6392h agoThe correspondence principle, which links classical chaotic motion with spectral correlations, fails in dissipative quantum chaos, even in simple systems.
6392h agoA binary Bose gas in a dual-core trap exhibits macroscopic quantum tunnelling, self-trapping, and localisation revivals, with analytical formulas derived for Josephson frequencies and a rich bifurcation structure revealed as the total atom number varies.
6392h agoComputation with the Ising model can take place at high temperatures using spin averages, enabling a systematic correspondence between Ising devices and neural networks.
6392h agoTwisting and stacking two copies of a 2D crystal or aperiodic structure produces moiré patterns or Glass patterns, which can measure microscopic parameters, modify lattice properties, and enable domain formation.
6392h agoThe Minimal Vertex Cover problem's energy density on sparse random graphs can be analytically estimated using a percolation model that accounts for long-range frustration among vertex cover configurations.
6392h agoThe study connects the spectral properties of random matrix operators to the particle current of a Dyson Brownian motion, and finds that the barrier-crossing probability of the motion estimates the exponential tail of the average density of states of a matrix Schrodinger operator.
6392h agoThe asymmetric binary perceptron has two phase transitioning thresholds, a satisfiability threshold and an algorithmic threshold, which affect its ability to operate as a storage memory.
6392h agoSite dilution leads to unconventional activated scaling behavior at the quantum phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum Ising system.
6392h agoThe Edwards-Anderson model of short-range spin glasses exhibits glassy behavior, with findings including a sensitive ground state, negligible energy cost to overturn spins, fractal dimension of overturned region boundaries, growing critical droplet size, and limited bond correlations.
6392h agoThe quantum Hall effect occurs in a microscopic lattice model with topologically trivial bands when disorder is added, causing an integer quantized transverse conductance.
6392h agoNeural networks generalize abruptly after memorizing data, a phenomenon called grokking, which can be understood as a transition from a non-equilibrium state to a more stable configuration.
6392h agoUrban sprawl follows a piecewise linear scaling between area and population, with a consistent local growth pattern in 19 cities.
6392h agoA growing lengthscale controls glassy dynamics, and a structural correlation length closely tracks the dynamical lengthscale as temperature decreases in supercooled liquids.
6392h agoResting-state fMRI reveals 'caricatured' connectomes with improved behavioral prediction when studying the non-dominant part of the signal.
6392h agoNAD+ concentrations decrease in the human occipital lobe during visual stimulation, and this decrease is specific to NAD+ with no changes observed in other high-energy phosphate metabolites.
6396h agoAstrocytes with a Parkinson's disease-linked mutation fail to properly metabolize dopamine, which disrupts their protective function and may contribute to the development of the disease.
6396h agoThe area V2 of the macaque brain has a columnar structure where neurons with similar functions are clustered together by feature, and its neural responses are mainly explained by basic image features.
6400h agoThe olfactory system can rapidly and accurately decode the identity and concentration of odorants by using a model that infers the presence and concentration of odors separately, enabling it to handle complex naturalistic olfactory scenes.
6400h agoThis study identifies the brain areas most involved in multimodal integration during naturalistic perception by analyzing functional connectivity and pinpointing a compact subnetwork.
6400h agoDynamic causal modeling using source-level locations derived from diffuse optical tomography accurately infers directed brain connectivity from functional near-infrared spectroscopy data.
6400h agoArgon exerts a neuroprotective function by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibiting autophagy during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
6400h agoPoor sleep quality is linked to lower cognitive performance, characterised by abnormal brain activity and disrupted connections, across multiple domains.
6400h agoTau seeds cause aggregation within intact, low-pH endolysosomes in neurons, and this process requires a transient breach in the endolysosomal membrane and is dependent on the endolysosomal lipid kinase PIKfyve.
6400h agoThe discriminability of numerosity and size is influenced by task-irrelevant environmental statistics, with better performance when stimulus values are sampled from a narrow range compared to a wide range.
6400h agoPost-stroke recovery mechanisms are lesion-specific, with cortical lesions leading to early behavioral recovery through large-scale cortical reorganization, and internal capsule lesions leading to delayed recovery without long-term cortical reorganization.
6400h agoStimulus-specific response potentiation in humans is not input-specific, and attention enhances it modestly on the first session, but a second session leads to a pronounced plasticity effect that overrides attentional modulation.
6400h agoSpiking Neural Networks have a fundamental architectural limitation that causes sample complexity to grow quadratically with sequence length, limiting their performance on tasks like language modeling.
6404h agoProbabilistic Cognitive State Modeling accurately recovers dynamic brain states and produces stable parameter estimates, allowing it to reveal how brain states contribute to adaptive processing under changing task demands.
6404h agoThe retrosplenial cortex plays a crucial role in integrating context to adjust behavioral responses to a stimulus, and it is the first cortical area to show context discrimination in response to a whisker stimulus.
6408h agoThe study found that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with dominant changes in the left hemisphere, frontal and temporal lobe, and default mode, salience, and language networks in the brain.
6412h agoA spiking network model shows that Layer 2/3 neurons can compute prediction errors by comparing feedforward and top-down inputs, generating bidirectional error signals without needing synaptic weight updates.
6412h agoThe basal ganglia integrate kinematic and sequential information to guide movements towards goals by controlling both continuous movement and discrete actions.
6412h agoA new machine learning approach models sensory adaptation in autism, capturing individual variability and providing a 90.8% improvement over existing methods while using fewer parameters.
6416h agoSensory neurons learn to categorize stimuli into coherent sets, which are regions of stimulus state space that evolve cohesively over time, and detect either predictive or retrospective sets, enabling a functional dichotomy among neurons.
6416h agoA new whole-brain model for larval zebrafish forecasts neuron spike probabilities and links brain state to behavior, enabling the synthesis of neural patterns that elicit target behaviors.
6416h agoFlicker-fused stimuli can be made visible even when they have the same average luminance as the background by using a specific pattern of ultra-brief bright pulses and ultra-long dark pulses.
6416h agoIntegrated Information Theory (IIT) says that consciousness explains what exists and its essential properties, and that an entity's cause-effect structure accounts for all properties of an experience.
6416h agoNoncommutative Laurent biorthogonal polynomials are connected to matrix discrete Painlevé equations through a series of mathematical transformations.
6416h agoLaminar-turbulent transition occurs as a sequence of symmetry breaking events, driven by space-time coherent modes that turn an initially harmonic flow into broadband turbulence.
6416h agoThe non-stationary difference equation is generalized to $\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_N$ and its Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of $q$-commuting variables, allowing factorized and normal ordered forms.
6416h agoMatrix product states that are invariant under a certain symmetry are integrable in a specific spin chain, and this leads to a formula for overlaps of certain states with these matrix product states.
6416h agoA new algorithm generates directed networks with specific symmetries by expanding from a given base network, allowing for the creation of realistic models to study symmetry-driven dynamics.
6416h agoThe phase reduction method for delay-coupled oscillator networks shows that time delay affects the synchronization dynamics in a non-trivial way, leading to bistability in certain cases.
6416h agoThe study finds that a symmetric vibro-impact nonlinear energy sink subjected to dry friction exhibits intricate behaviors, including critical transitions between impact-dominated and sliding-dominated regimes, and identifies activation thresholds and amplitude levels for different response regimes.
6416h agoA bi-level optimal control framework solves the low-thrust re-phasing problem on quasi-periodic invariant tori in multi-body environments by generating feasible trajectories on the torus surface that minimize deviations.
6416h agoBoltzmann's 1868 example of a system described by the microcanonical ensemble was incorrect because it assumed constants of motion are smooth functions.
6416h agoThe timing of human labor is determined by a complex interplay of control, network structure, and noise in the pregnant uterus, which helps maintain stability during gestation and sensitivity near parturition.
6416h agoFields can be used to describe complex systems that exhibit goal-directed behaviors, and three fundamental principles - complete configuration, locality, and purposefulness - provide a theoretical framework for understanding these systems, known as intelligent fields.
6416h agoInfluence can be quantifiably defined and is directly related to information transfer in complex systems, with noise having a dual effect on these interactions.
6416h agoA quantum causal index reveals that causal influence in quantum systems propagates at a finite speed, with coherent oscillations emerging, according to an analysis of spin chains using asymmetric quantum conditional mutual information.
6416h agoThe Krylov subspace expansion method reveals that local integrals of motion in the Anderson model of localization exhibit power-law decay in the localized phase and are delocalized in the metallic phase.
6416h agoGround states in the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass are stable against single coupling perturbations, with implications that metastates are unique and certain excitations with space-filling interfaces do not exist.
6416h agoArtificial intelligence techniques can analyze complex patterns in scientific data from strongly correlated electrons, providing new insights into phenomena such as Mott insulators, anomalous metals, and high-$T_c$ superconductivity.
6416h agoA multi-determinant approach and techniques such as Lanczos and symmetry projection improve the accuracy of wave functions for strongly correlated systems, achieving state-of-the-art energies at low cost.
6416h agoThe spin-opstring, a compact representation of quantum simulation cells, effectively captures phase transitions and predicts non-local observables in quantum many-body physics when used as input data for machine learning.
6416h agoKIF5A, a neuron-specific kinesin, functions as an RNA-binding protein that directly binds and transports mRNAs encoding synaptic ribosomal proteins to maintain normal synaptic composition and function.
6428h agoChildren's ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions is not helped or hindered by changes in their baseline level of alertness, but children generally get more distracted than adults by unexpected environmental stimuli.
6436h agoDeletion of the Cacna1c gene in dopamine receptor 1-expressing cells produces sex- and gene dosage-dependent effects on fear memory and spatial memory.
6436h agoAstrocyte senescence leads to abnormal protein deposits that damage synapses and contribute to cognitive decline during aging.
6436h agoScientists create a new method to make brain cells that are similar to the ones damaged in Parkinson's disease, allowing them to study the disease more effectively.
6436h agoOligodendrocytes and the myelin they produce are required for proper balance behaviors in adult vertebrates. (or alternatively, if you'd like to rephrase) Proper balance behaviors in adult vertebrates require oligodendrocytes and the myelin they produce.
6436h agoThe hippocampus organizes semantic information in a multiscale way, with nearby areas encoding similar concepts and more distant areas encoding dissimilar concepts.
6436h agoHumans accurately represent uncertainty in their perceptions, with their confidence in judgments matching the actual uncertainty of their estimates.
6436h agoA pair of interneurons, called Fox, impart positive valence to sweet taste and convey this signal to the mushroom body to drive appetitive behaviors and support learned sugar responses.
6436h agoLarger brain volumes at birth are linked to better cognitive, language, and motor skills in toddlers, and also to lower autistic traits.
6436h agoAntidepressant doses used in conventional animal studies far exceed those used in clinical practice, which may not accurately translate to human treatment effects.
6452h agoIndividuals can comprehend unexpected language inputs just as well as predictable ones, and those with certain processing strategies, specifically lower alignment to context and steeper neural adaptation, show improved comprehension of surprising stories.
6452h agoAPP mutations affect colon tumor formation differently in male and female mice, promoting it in males but inhibiting it in females.
6456h agoAlzheimer's disease is associated with changes in immune and biological processes in the blood, with males and females showing different patterns of changes.
6456h agotACS interacts with intrinsic brain activity in a phase-dependent way during simultaneous sensory stimulation.
6456h agoLearning reorganizes neural activity throughout the brain, allowing animals to alter their responses to certain stimuli while preserving essential functions.
6456h agoSimilar new memories interfere with previous ones, while dissimilar ones are stored separately, with prediction errors determining whether the original memory is updated or a new one is encoded.
6456h agoThe lncRNA 3222401L13Rik modulates microglial inflammatory states through interaction with PU.1, and its reduced expression is linked to Alzheimer's disease-related neuroinflammation.
6456h agoUrban scenes with more greenery compared to built elements are perceived as more positive, and greenery exerts a positive effect on subjective well-being and early visual processing.
6456h agoSpontaneous fluctuations in arousal shape the temporal dynamics of sensory persistence, boosting the initial strength of visual representations but shortening their duration.
6456h agoSocial presence alleviates threat-induced stress and modulates defensive behaviors in a rank- and threat-specific manner, with dominant mice showing greater benefit.
6460h agoHumans use proprioception and prior information to determine confidence in action success during sensorimotor adaptation, and their confidence recovers exponentially to normal levels after a sudden perturbation ends.
6460h agoEndogenous pain modulation is sensitive to uncertainty and volatility, with pain inhibition increasing when certainty about actions leading to pain relief is high.
6460h agoSyntactic processing engages parts of the semantic control network, including areas responsible for accessing and manipulating stored knowledge, and is distinct from semantic representation.
6460h agoVibrotactile stimulation improves speech comprehension in noisy environments by enhancing auditory cortex tracking of speech rhythms and modulating brain connectivity.
6460h agoCorticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus help mice quickly evaluate social situations by rapidly responding to threats and unfamiliar others.
6460h agoDifferent measures of attention tap into independent processes, and only gaze bias predicts subsequent behavioral responses, showing that existing markers of attention cannot be used interchangeably.
6460h agoHippocampal replay is biased towards reward sites and decision points because it is driven by both expected reward and expected information gain.
6460h agoThe spinal cord has 34 distinct neuron classes and shows sex-specific differences in glial cells, which could help understand human spinal cord physiology and identify targets for treating neurological diseases.
6460h agoThe study presents a transcriptomic atlas of 5.3 million cells from 582 brain samples, revealing cell type-specific vulnerabilities and regional heterogeneity in the aging primate brain.
6460h agoAggression in humans is linked to a common brain network that can be identified through neuroimaging and is largely explained by the expression of genes associated with aggressive behavior.
6460h agoForgetting is regulated by active gene transcription in the brain, which speeds up with age and contributes to memory decline.
6464h agoHuman working memory is maintained by brief, coordinated bursts of activity across neurons, rather than continuous firing, and involves distinct roles for different types of brain cells.
6464h agoDistinct neural signatures are linked to spontaneous experiences of being internally or externally focused, and brain activity and alpha oscillations change as the mind switches between these states.
6464h agoData changes how we assess the performance of US legal firms and expands the scope of computational science into the legal field.
6464h agoTraditional reputation-based rankings of law firms do not accurately reflect their legal performance, according to a data-driven method that ranks law firms based on litigation outcomes.
6464h agoMutations in ZMYND11 cause intellectual disability by disrupting its regulation of gene expression through interaction with KMT2A, leading to abnormal brain development.
6464h agoInteraural time and level differences affect sound source segregation and spatial selection differently, with natural level differences supporting source segregation but small time differences not.
6468h agoNeurogenesis alone does not fully restore memory capability after neuronal damage, and the quality of memory decreases, even in animals capable of whole-body regeneration.
6468h agoHaloTrace, a new method, precisely measures blood-brain barrier integrity by detecting leakage sites in the brain, avoiding major pitfalls of existing methods.
6468h agoNew MRI methods allow for high-resolution images of the pediatric brain to be taken in under nine minutes, enabling accurate delineation of fine structures such as hippocampal subfields.
6468h agoPerceptual judgments are made in the premotor cortex and are inherently coupled to actions.
6468h agoCutaneous reflexes can be reliably elicited in proximal muscles via saphenous nerve stimulation, and this method may be a feasible target for neuromodulatory techniques to treat phantom limb pain.
6472h agoOpioid use triggers immune responses, including increased TNF signaling and changes in proteins that prevent oxidative stress, in microglia and midbrain organoids grown together in the lab.
6472h agoModified self-amplifying RNA loaded in lipid nanoparticles efficiently mediates robust and long-lasting protein expression in brain cells, including neurons, for several weeks.
6472h agoA custom script using the Cellpose package can automatically count and characterize retinal ganglion cell somas, providing a powerful tool for analyzing optic neuropathies.
6472h agoRett syndrome and MECP2 Duplication syndrome show opposite changes in the expression of the histamine H3 receptor, with reduced expression in Rett syndrome and increased expression in MECP2 Duplication syndrome.
6472h agoThe transcription factor NR2F regulates a target gene network in nonmyelinating Schwann cells, which is crucial for their development and function.
6472h agoInterleukin-1β and interleukin-18 levels are increased in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and show potential as biomarkers for diagnosis.
6472h agoMicroglia-derived extracellular vesicles and non-vesicular particles reflect microglial cellular state and may serve as biomarkers for early-stage neurodegenerative diseases.
6472h agoNeuropathic pain causes microglial activation in the brain, which increases the risk of delirium, especially when combined with surgical stress.
6476h agoMicrosaccades modulate visual performance in the central fovea in a spatially selective way, peaking 70 milliseconds before the movement and then recovering rapidly after it.
6476h agoThe study found correlations between memory performance and motor learning in mice, with mice that are quicker to turn on a pole struggling to learn a motor task, and those with higher exploration rates in a maze performing better in the motor task.
6476h agoA joint modeling approach that links non-decision time to external observations improves the reliability of parameter estimation for time-dependent threshold diffusion models.
6476h agoTranscranial alternating current stimulation between 250 and 2000 Hz reliably stimulates the cochlea with minimal side effects in hearing-healthy participants.
6476h agoHumans and artificial neural networks called transformers use attention to understand how elements relate to each other, and this process happens in similar parts of the brain and the networks.
6476h agoPeople with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) show greater brain activity in the premotor cortex and a stronger connection between this area and another part of the brain when they experience a visual illusion that changes the shape of their hand.
6476h agoGeneralized Random Forest can predict individualized treatment effects more reliably with two new methodological advances: a seed ensemble strategy to stabilize predictions and a backward elimination procedure to identify key moderators.
6476h agoThe locus coeruleus shows differences in astrocytic gene expression and lipid metabolism associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors, which influence its resilience and susceptibility to pathology accumulation and degeneration.
6480h agoA new neural probe with over 1,000 light emitters enables panoramic 3D optical stimulation across large brain volumes.
6484h agoDendritic modules with distinct shapes, spatial distributions, and cortical inputs are found in striatal D1-type and D2-type medium spiny neurons in healthy and Huntington's disease mouse brains.
6484h agoCortical neurons form a specialized population code that enhances the propagation of information to a downstream target, improving the accuracy of decision-making.
6484h agoTDP-43 dysfunction causes faulty splicing of the KCNQ2 ion channel, leading to toxic protein buildup and neuron hyperactivity.
6484h agoMicroglia play a key role in brain regional vulnerability to aging, with region-specific differences in microglia subpopulations and responses to rejuvenation interventions.
6484h agoThe brain's left anterior inferior parietal cortex supports the maintenance of verbal information in short-term memory, but its functions vary across individuals depending on their reliance on semantic information.
6484h agoDistinct SCN2A premature termination codons produce different effects on neuronal excitability and behavior, with position of the premature stop codon determining the outcome.
6484h agoMetabolic stress causes cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment through a distinct cellular phenotype called lipid-droplet accumulating microglia, which emerges in response to metabolic stress and correlates with cerebrovascular dysfunction.
6484h agoThe brain's ventral striatum and right temporoparietal junction work together to help people control their automatic tendencies to approach rewards and avoid threats.
6484h agoBehavioral flexibility relies on nanoscale remodeling of synaptic machinery that couples glutamatergic transmission to endocannabinoid signaling in striatal circuits.
6484h agoVoluntary decisions are formed by a process of accumulating evidence, similar to perceptual decisions, which eventually leads to a motor action.
6484h agoThe olfactory bulb and medial prefrontal cortex work together through slow oscillations to maintain task-related information in working memory.
6484h agoThe brain uses two different routes to incorporate others' input into its judgments: a rapid evaluative route for feedback and a slower deliberative route for advice.
6484h agoSMARCB1 gene mutations cause brain changes that lead to cognitive and behavioral problems, including impaired learning, memory, and decision-making, in both mice and humans with Coffin-Siris syndrome.
6484h agoThe brain's connectome architecture helps create more efficient neural networks that can better predict chaotic time series and hold more memory than random networks.
6484h agoThe thalamus, specifically its first-order nuclei, shows specific activation during language tasks, including reading, speech comprehension, and speech production.
6484h agoInputDSA measures the similarity of two systems based on their recurrent and input-driven dynamics, allowing for the comparison of systems with different inputs.
6492h agoIntegrated Information Theory (IIT) posits that consciousness is fundamental to existence and that an entity's cause-effect structure fully accounts for all properties of an experience.
6492h agoBrain-IT, a brain-inspired approach, reconstructs images seen by people from their fMRI brain recordings with high faithfulness to the actual images by predicting localized patch-level image features.
6492h agoConditionally Linear Dynamical System models characterize complex neural population dynamics by capturing nonlinear dependence on task and behavioral variables, enabling transparent interpretation and efficient Bayesian inference.
6492h agoA balanced network of neurons can be represented by the stochastic dynamics of a single neuron subject to effective noise, with the noise rate determined by the probability density of neuron states.
6492h agoA static distractor sound impairs the perception of moving target sounds, reducing the upper limit of velocity at which listeners can discriminate the direction of motion.
6492h agoAdaptive chaos control steers weather trajectories away from dangerous regimes using small perturbations, and two strategies, local Lyapunov exponents and transition probabilities, can successfully trigger control in a seasonally forced and noise-perturbed Lorenz84 model.
6492h agoThe Nijhoff-Quispel-Capel equation can be formulated in different ways, including a new perspective using eigenfunctions of a Lax pair, in addition to known formulations such as the Cauchy matrix approach and eigenfunction approach.
6492h agoThe gauge/Yang-Baxter equation correspondence helps discover new integrable lattice spin models in statistical mechanics by using dualities in supersymmetric gauge theories.
6492h agoA hybrid method called KGMM accurately estimates the score function of a system by combining a Gaussian Mixture Model with a bisecting K-means clustering step, allowing for robust reconstruction of long-time statistical properties.
6492h agoRogue wave formation and spectral downshifting in nonlinear wave systems depend on the type of dissipation and wave steepness, with soliton-like rogue waves arising from steep initial data and nonlinear damping supporting stable, well-organized wave states.
6492h agoThe Stochastic Box-Ball System, a probabilistic cellular automaton, exhibits long-term behavior governed by isolated particles and occasional emergence of short solitons.
6492h agoGrokking in a neural network occurs when the network transforms into a sparse subnetwork, allowing it to identify common features of input classes and generalize to new patterns.
6492h agoTransformers can successfully predict unseen sequences from diverse pseudo-random number generators, including those with substantial additional complexity, and can jointly learn multiple generators, identifying underlying structures.
6492h agoNeural networks generalize abruptly after memorizing data, a phenomenon called grokking, which can be understood as a transition from a non-equilibrium state to a more stable configuration.
6492h agoA balanced network of neurons can be represented by the stochastic dynamics of a single neuron subject to effective noise, with the noise rate determined by the probability density of neuron states.
6492h agoRandom graphs with link probabilities conditioned on other links can be represented using a generalized statistical mechanical formalism, allowing for the study of complex networks with interactions.
6492h agoError-based learning and reinforcement learning with adaptive thresholds improve accuracy and reduce movement variability in a complex maze navigation task, while use-dependent learning shows no improvement.
6492h agoModular organization of brain networks leads to different patterns of brain activity, including symmetric and left-skewed neural avalanche shapes, which are linked to critical brain dynamics.
6492h agoThe updated SimulScan technology allows for the simultaneous study of swallowing biomechanics and brain activity, providing reliable and correlated data on the central control of swallowing.
6492h agoStimulation of the anterior insula increases blink frequency, while stimulation of the posterior insula increases both blinks and urges, showing their distinct roles in controlling urges and actions in Tourette syndrome.
6496h agoThe amygdala helps control which experiences are remembered by selectively encoding certain visual stimuli into long-term memory, with category-selective neurons showing increased activity during encoding of later remembered items.
6496h agoThe brain uses a deterministic drive, which varies from trial to trial and accelerates over time, to decide when to act in the absence of external cues.
6496h agoPeople combine multiple sources of information when making decisions, but the way they do this varies with age and certain conditions, and can be influenced by the type of cues and brain areas involved.
6496h agoUsing advanced language models with a P300 speller brain-computer interface improves communication efficiency for people with ALS, with character-level models providing 10% and open-source models achieving around 40% typing speed improvements.
6496h agoIsolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder involves atrophy in specific brainstem regions, including the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, which are associated with autonomic dysfunction.
6496h agoLow levels of dopamine D2 receptors in the brain cause male mice to consume more food, gain weight, and develop insulin resistance, leading to an obesity-like condition.
6496h agoCrossmodal prediction errors elicit sustained cortical responses and recruit shared neural representations across sensory domains, reorganizing effective connectivity within and between sensory hierarchies.
6496h agoThe substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) shifts its activity from representing the optimal choice based on value to encoding the actual chosen action during the decision-making process.
6496h agoNoradrenaline release in the primary motor cortex is spatially heterogeneous at a local scale, and its release pattern becomes locally refined during learning, achieving consistent spatial precision.
6496h agoTET3 and MECP2 interact to regulate DNA methylation and chromatin dynamics during neuronal maturation, and their deficiency leads to impaired network activity and similar neuronal phenotypes.
6496h agoHippocampal CA1 neurons reorganize their activity to represent different movement variables, such as time, distance, and speed, depending on behavioral states like movement and immobility.
6496h agoPhosphorylation and glycosylation of Kv1.2 channels result in high molecular weight forms, including a 100 kDa form, and their distribution and protein interactions change in LGI1-dependent epilepsy.
6496h agoA randomly connected network with balanced excitation and inhibition can process information based on both current and past stimuli while maintaining stable, low firing rates.
6496h agoThe mushroom body balances coding capacity and selectivity by having biased connections between neurons, which prioritizes important information and allows for learning and memory.
6500h agoLight input plays a key role in promoting sleep, and disruptions to visual pathways lead to fragmented or reduced sleep in flies.
6500h agoCortical surface electrical stimulation initially activates neurons, then inhibits them for seconds, and changes how they respond to visual stimuli, reducing their ability to distinguish between different sensory features.
6500h agoThe primary motor cortex directly controls the magnitude of motor output by regulating population firing rates, while the supplementary motor area organizes the composition and temporal structure of the active motor unit pool to generate a stable motor command.
6500h agoAerobic exercise intensity affects motor adaptation and learning, with high-intensity exercise enhancing motor adaptation and learning the most, followed by moderate and low intensity exercise.
6500h agoG3BP1 acetylation via ELP3 regulates axonal regeneration and neuronal resilience by enhancing axonal protein synthesis and disassembling G3BP1 granules.
6500h agoSynaesthesia and autism share stronger brain connectivity and less complex networks, whereas early psychosis shows weaker connectivity and greater complexity, compared to healthy controls.
6512h agoInhibitory cell populations encode consistent aspects of natural scenes across individuals, and their responses to natural scenes are distinct from responses to simple stimuli.
6512h agoThe geometry of the brain's extracellular space shapes local diffusion and tunes signaling between neural cells, with distinct functional advantages for different types of synapses.
6512h agoMicroglia coordinate metabolic coupling between brain cells to fuel protein synthesis in active neurons by secreting the protein CYR61.
6512h agoDLPFC and SMG play a crucial role in the challenging aspects of motor skill learning that depend on proprioception.
6512h agoSuppressing positive connections within an artificial neural network to simulate excitation/inhibition imbalance leads to a compensatory response that increases susceptibility to noise, which in turn creates schizophrenic-like behaviors and altered response to reward prediction error.
6516h agoA unified field-theoretic framework describes the dynamics of activity and connectivity in interacting neuronal systems, capturing transitions between collective states and the formation of composite structures.
6516h agoA static distractor sound impairs the perception of moving target sounds, reduces the upper limit of velocity at which listeners can discriminate the direction of motion, and does so through energetic masking when the distractor spectrally overlaps with the target.
6516h agoThis thesis explores the use of deep learning to decode brain signals from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to understand brain responses to visual stimuli and inner speech.
6516h agoThe analysis identified three groups with distinct cognitive trajectories over three years, and one group showed cognitive decline, suggesting that a treatment effect may be masked in a heterogeneous population.
6516h agoThe Ising model with non-local diffusion through spin-exchange interactions shows chimera-like states, characterized by stable moving domains of spins with different local magnetization, which emerge depending on system parameters.
6516h agoA new neural network model, inspired by the human brain's predictive processing, enables robots to perform caregiving tasks autonomously by integrating multiple sensory inputs and adapting to different scenarios.
6516h agoA hierarchical multimodal model that combines visual, auditory, and semantic information accurately predicts distributed cortical responses to naturalistic stimuli in the brain.
6516h agoThe conduction speed of V1 intracortical axons increases with distance and is high enough to convey contextual influences that help construct global scene properties.
6516h agoLow-rank networks produce low-dimensional dynamics when isolated, but high-dimensional inputs or perturbations can lead to high-dimensional dynamics, with conditions on network structure determining the outcome.
6516h agoEarly Vision Networks, a new class of hybrid neural networks that mimic the primate visual system, improve model robustness by 9.3% on a benchmark of visual perturbations and out-of-domain images.
6516h agoVideos of the 2020 Beirut explosion reveal a shock wave, and frame-by-frame analysis shows that the data agrees with the Landau-Whitham formula for the thickness of the overpressure layer.
6516h agoQuantum dynamics emerges from classical correlation functions in Anosov geodesic flows through a discrete Pollicott Ruelle spectrum that governs an effective dynamics.
6516h agoLie group methods are used to classify and solve delay ordinary differential equations, and symmetries are found to allow construction of invariant solutions.
6516h agoHigh penalties and light penalties are effective at suppressing crime, and the success of deterrence depends on the initial frequency of crime and population dynamics.
6516h agoPolar core vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate move radially outward or inward depending on their interaction with background flows and each other.
6516h agoThe flattening rate of the f-function in two-dimensional many-body quantum chaotic systems is directly proportional to the number of degrees of freedom and the particle number.
6516h agoThe Hamiltonian formalism helps replace the Third Painlev\'e equation with two coupled Riccati equations, enabling the existence of P_III-functions that vanish at a given non-zero point and are analytic there.
6516h agoThe thermodynamic cost of creating and maintaining restricted pathways in chemical reaction networks has two components: an ongoing maintenance cost and a restriction cost that quantifies the improbability of neutralizing unwanted reactions.
6516h agoThe pre-evacuation phase, which is the time interval before people move to a safe place, has a crucial impact on the total time required for safe egress in crowd evacuation.
6516h agoA self-organized reticulum within the epithelial layer inhibits cell proliferation through a non-local mechanism, where islands of compressed non-cycling cells embedded in a network of tensed cycling cells slow down cell growth.
6516h agoThe Ising model with non-local diffusion through spin-exchange interactions shows chimera-like states, characterized by stable moving domains of spins with different local magnetization, which emerge depending on system parameters.
6516h agoSelf-similarity in learning curves breaks down for weakly non-linear neural networks trained on power-law distributed data, and a new renormalization group framework reveals a form of universality at large data limits.
6516h agoTopological phases of matter have two key features: they are identified by quantum geometry of electronic band structure, and they present electronic states with unusual properties.
6516h agoA new encoding scheme enables the universal encoding of computationally hard problems on triangular lattices, reducing independence-constraint violations by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to existing methods.
6516h agoDisordered systems, such as sheared amorphous solids, can self-organize into a complex response to a fluctuating environment, allowing them to retain a memory of the driving and sense their environment.
6516h agoQuantum spin ice remains stable with respect to disorder up to the transition to the polarized phase at high fields, indicating it can occur in real materials.
6516h agoParticle multi-occupations affect the stability of many-body localization in the disordered Bose-Hubbard model, with no finite-size boundary drift in the higher-energy section but a significant drift in the lower-energy section that pushes the localized regime to greater disorder strengths.
6516h agoNeuralized fermionic tensor network states achieve order of magnitude improvements in ground-state energy compared to pure fermionic tensor networks, and offer a physically motivated alternative with improved computational scaling.
6516h agoStrong disorder leads to a topological transition from a parity anomalous semimetal to a diffusive metal and induces a topological phase in a trivial insulating phase.
6516h agoLarge overparametrized machine learning models exhibit a separation of timescales in their training dynamics, leading to the emergence of a slow timescale, inductive bias towards small complexity, and a decoupling between feature learning and overfitting regimes.
6516h agoCombining magnetic field gradients with global control enables coherent collective dynamics of strongly interacting qubits in dense electron spin ensembles, leading to disorder-resilient collective spin evolution.
6516h agoThe 3D toric code exhibits fault-tolerance thresholds of approximately 11% against bit-flip errors and 2% against phase-flip errors, showing its robustness against measurement errors.
6516h agoStatistical physics can analyse deep learning models with rich feature learning effects, and study shows that a multi-layer perceptron's performance improves with data, eventually specialising to the target through inhomogeneous learning across layers and neurons.
6516h agoSWITCH, a deep learning model, integrates unpaired spatial multi-omics data and enables unsupervised cross-modal prediction, aiding spatial domain identification and downstream biological analysis.
6520h agoThromboinflammation drives adverse brain aging, and high levels of cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen mark brain thromboinflammation, which affects synaptic vulnerability through specific neurovascular pathways.
6520h agoOcimum gratissimum supplementation improves spatial memory and protects against memory impairment by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting its potential as a neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer's disease-like pathology.
6520h agoThe new fMRI acquisition approach detects age-related differences in brain pulsatile signals, showing increased signal magnitude in older adults compared to young adults in regions with reliable cardiac pulsations.
6520h agoMid-level feature fragments, specifically curve segments, provide a more efficient substrate for artificial vision than phosphenes, enabling better object recognition with less stimulation.
6520h agoVisual behavior, as measured by eye-tracking, is a strong predictor of individual differences in spatial navigation performance, with global gaze patterns explaining 40% of the variation in navigation ability.
6520h agoPalmitoylation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor reduces its internalization and degradation, leading to increased amyloid precursor protein stability, amyloid beta accumulation, and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.
6520h agoA new model using multiple MRI-derived microstructural measures can predict conduction velocity across the entire human brain, explaining 29% of variance in neurophysiological conduction velocity.
6520h agoNeural competition in the frontal cortex shapes confidence in decisions, with both winning and losing decision variables contributing to confidence but the winner having a stronger impact.
6524h agoMitochondria in neurons differ in their molecular makeup and function depending on their location, with axonal mitochondria having limited pathways for energy production but retaining others like fatty acid metabolism.
6524h agoThe protein KHSRP, promoted by REG3A signaling, slows nerve regeneration by decaying mRNA in injured axons through a self-sustaining loop that regulates axon growth.
6524h agoAdult fruit flies have specialized nerve cells that detect painful stimuli and trigger immediate escape and long-term avoidance behaviors.
6524h agoRats with high sensory processing sensitivity take more cocaine and are more motivated to use it, and have different brain chemistry than rats with low sensory processing sensitivity.
6528h agoWater concentrations in the brain are highest during deep sleep and linked to brain wave activity, indicating a possible role for glymphatic fluid transport in human sleep.
6528h agoMoments of failed attention after sleep deprivation reflect brief 'sleep-like' episodes in the brain with changes in brain activity, pupil size, and brain fluid movement.
6532h agoUpregulating the functional Syngap1 allele with a CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation approach rescues working memory deficits and normalizes SynGAP protein expression in a mouse model of SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability.
6532h agoThe brain's ability to recognize emotions declines with age and differs between sexes, and a specific circuit in the basolateral amygdala and medial orbitofrontal cortex is responsible for emotion recognition in a sex-specific way.
6532h agoADHD-like traits disrupt the balance between goal-directed control and automatic processes, specifically by weakening response inhibition and altering the relationship between inhibition and statistical learning.
6532h agoAnatomy and spatiotemporal patterning, not spike counts, govern the physiological and perceptual impact of intracranial electrical stimulation.
6532h agoRegional variability in brain organization shapes large-scale neuronal dynamics, with molecular and anatomical heterogeneity playing a critical role in facilitating network synchronization and information flow between brain regions.
6532h agoBoundary Vector Cells can robustly detect environmental boundaries in three dimensions, enabling more accurate spatial localization and reducing spatial aliasing in complex environments.
6540h agoDyslexic reading costs arise from stronger sensitivities to word length, frequency, and predictability, and changing these features can narrow the reading gap between dyslexic and typical readers by about one third.
6540h agoVision Transformers naturally develop the ability to bind object features into a coherent whole, representing whether two patches belong to the same object, when trained with specific self-supervised objectives.
6540h agoCombining Global Workspace Theory with world models improves decision-making in Reinforcement Learning agents by enabling efficient mental simulation and robustness to missing observation modalities.
6540h agoNOBLE, a neural operator framework, learns to predict distributions of neural dynamics that account for the intrinsic variability of neurons, enabling the efficient generation of synthetic neurons that closely resemble experimental data.
6540h agoA Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system using a non-invasive EEG headband achieved 88.77% accuracy in classifying attention and non-attention states in students watching educational videos.
6540h agoScientists find a way to evolve quiet patterns in small grids into larger ones and also discover an inverse process to reverse this evolution for most prime numbers of possible states.
6540h agoA quantum-inspired framework proposes that self-awareness and perception of external stimuli are two interacting systems that evolve at different timescales, forming a closed loop where self-state influences perception and perception reshapes the self.
6540h agoClifford algebras solve different forms of the tetrahedron equation, which is expected to lead to three-dimensional integrability.
6540h agoThe synchronization bottleneck, a new measure called Ξ, determines the coupling strength required for a stable synchronization manifold in network-coupled dynamical systems.
6540h agoThe study finds that quantum tunneling in an asymmetric double-well potential has energy thresholds for detectable tunneling across the barrier, and that tunneling can be practically undetectable even when theoretically allowed.
6540h agoLower and more homogeneous learning rates promote the emergence of scale-free networks, while higher or more heterogeneous learning rates lead to core-periphery topologies.
6540h agoFinite temperature helps to create and stabilize supersolid phases in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate by shifting the phase boundary, lowering the density threshold, and broadening the stability window.
6540h agoMemory in one part of a system can induce long-range order in other parts of the system that don't have memory, allowing collective activity to propagate through the system.
6540h agoElliptic Calogero-Moser systems associated with complex crystallographic groups are candidates for Seiberg-Witten integrable systems of certain superconformal field theories, and their geometric and Poisson deformations lead to descriptions of corresponding elliptic fibrations, Seiberg-Witten differentials, and quantum spectral curves.
6540h agoNon-Hermitian random matrices with time-reversal symmetry exhibit universal bulk spectral correlations that can be classified into symmetry classes AI$^{\dagger}$ and AII$^{\dagger}$.
6540h agoA novel decoupling limit of the membrane leads to a 1+2 dimensional integrable model, arising from a membrane propagating in a specific background geometry.
6540h agoThe long-time asymptotics of small Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) solutions are derived from the inverse scattering theory and the stationary phase method.
6540h agoTopolectrical circuits with deep learning capabilities allow for programmable and controllable simulation of physical phenomena, enabling observations of boundary states, phase transitions, and localization, and facilitating applications such as secure information encryption.
6540h agoQuasiperiodic many-body localized systems have a broad unconventional regime with fat-tailed distributions of long-distance correlations, revealing atypical eigenstates with strong long-range correlations.
6540h agoQuantum chaos stops at a typical entanglement transition in many-body systems, which implies a "mass" term vanishes in the field theory of the measurement-induced phase transition for monitored fermions.
6540h agoScientists develop a theory that identifies 20 mechanisms of third-order nonlinear transport, and derive a scaling law to unambiguously identify 12 of these mechanisms in materials.
6540h agoThe restoration of chiral symmetry in gauge theories with two light fermion flavors requires specific spectral features, including a spectral density behaving as $m^2\delta(\lambda)$, a singular two-point function, and delocalized near-zero modes, to effectively break the anomalous $\mathrm{U}(1)_A$ symmetry.
6540h agoVariation in how individuals experience environmental selection can promote evolutionary strategies that generalize across environments and anticipate future changes.
6540h agoStatistical physics can analyse deep learning models, and a study of a multi-layer perceptron shows that its performance improves with data, with the model specialising towards the target through inhomogeneous learning across layers and neurons.
6540h agoMemory in one part of a system can induce long-range order in other parts of the system that don't have memory, allowing collective activity to propagate through the system.
6540h agoDense associative memory, a type of modern Hopfield network, stores a large number of memory patterns as equilibrium states, and its structure makes recall more robust by not acting as additional noise to itself.
6540h agoNon-Hermitian random matrices with time-reversal symmetry exhibit universal bulk spectral correlations that can be classified into symmetry classes AI$^{\dagger}$ and AII$^{\dagger}$.
6540h agoDiffusion models generalize effectively because their training dynamics have two distinct timescales: one for generating high-quality samples and a later one for memorization that increases with training set size.
6540h agoNeuromedin B (NMB) regulates lactate-mediated immunosuppression and is a key factor in both metabolic and immune regulation in glioblastoma (GBM), promoting anti-tumor immunity and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism.
6540h agoOligodendrocyte morphology changes in response to experiences, senescence, and neurodegenerative diseases, and can be visualized and analyzed using methods that label and image individual oligodendrocytes in mouse white matter.
6540h agoA new protocol allows for simultaneous imaging of brain activity and blood flow in awake mice, enabling comparison of brain signals across different states and over time.
6544h agoKeratinocytes contribute to heightened sensation and pain after nerve injury by releasing factors that enhance sensory neuron activity through a phospholipase A2-driven mechanism.
6544h agoDopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain control precision in timing actions, and their dysfunction contributes to timing problems and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease.
6544h agoMotor recovery after stroke is based on mechanisms other than LTP-based plasticity, as LTP and synaptic transmission are impaired in the peri-infarct cortex.
6548h agoPeople's choices are guided by explicit memories of past experiences, rather than just incremental learning, and they use these memories to make decisions even when instructed to ignore specific outcomes.
6548h agoChronic morphine exposure leads to sex-specific epigenetic changes in the brain, but these changes converge on similar genes, biological functions, and co-expression modules in male and female mice.
6548h agoThe perception-action dissociation, where the brain uses separate systems for perception and action, persists in older adults, but they rely more on contextual cues during action.
6548h agoUsing a small percentage of original features often gives the best predictive performance in decoding brain activity with machine learning models.
6548h agoApplying transcranial alternating current stimulation to specific brain areas improves long-term memory performance, and its effects depend on the stimulation frequency, location, and intensity.
6548h agoMouse models with humanized APOE do not show brain atrophy typical of human aging and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that humanized APOE alone is not enough to cause the disease.
6548h agoThe human brain processes dynamic visual input by integrating continuous visual information in a way that aligns with mid-level representations of actions in posterior electrodes and high-level static action representations in frontal electrodes.
6548h agoThe brain's ability to store salient experiences as episodic memories allows for flexible and context-aware action selection, a capability that can be reproduced in artificial devices using the Episodic Neighbor (EN) algorithm.
6548h agoThe precision of memory-guided reaching movements decreases when visual input stops, and a similar decrease happens when haptic input stops, but only if the arms are in different postures.
6548h agoRecurrent neural networks with nonlinear activation functions have a strictly positive participation dimension and correlation statistics that can be calculated using a path-integral representation of their stochastic dynamics.
6548h agoA unified system for allostasis and interoception exists in the brain, encompassing over 96% of anatomical connections found in animal studies.
6556h agoA tipping point marks the brain's transition from wakefulness to sleep, and this process can be tracked in real time using electroencephalogram data.
6556h agoThe position of a probe is perceived relative to a surrounding moving frame, with the frame's influence extending beyond its edges and driven primarily by its displacement, not motion.
6556h agoInterluminescence, a modular platform, uses bioluminescent light to control synaptic transmission by activating or silencing postsynaptic neurons through transsynaptic optogenetic ion channels.
6556h agoAlternative splicing of synaptotagmin 7 acts as a molecular switch that fine-tunes short-term plasticity by regulating its oligomerization and impacting synaptic vesicle dynamics.
6556h agoChanges in voice characteristics, such as pitch and intensity, occur in male zebra finches as they age, with the most pronounced changes happening between young adulthood and middle age.
6556h agoHippocampal dentate spikes have a continuous distribution of inputs from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex, and include a previously unreported third type that involves simultaneous activation from both inputs.
6556h agoSHIP1 regulates immune function by controlling endosome maturation and lysosomal function in microglia, and its deficiency leads to impaired inflammatory response, enhanced phagocytosis, and accumulation of amyloid beta.
6560h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for a large number of neurons.
6564h agoIntroducing a short-term memory component to movement reproduction causes systematic temporal and structural distortions, with accuracy decaying within seconds and a limited memory span of four movements.
6564h agoA lateral ventricular brain-computer interface that uses an expandable, flexible electrode achieves long-term stable recordings and robust memory decision decoding from within the ventricular system.
6564h agoResting-state EEG connectivity patterns differentiate individuals according to their creative abilities, with more creative people showing broad alpha-band hypoconnectivity and greater network modularity.
6564h agoResolution reconfiguration, which scales down less important channels, saves power in neural recording implants by 8.7x, 12.8x, and 23.0x compared to traditional recording arrays, and by 1.6x, 3.4x, and 5.2x compared to channel selection.
6564h agoLinearly transforming deep neural networks to match human responses to complex stimuli does not guarantee that the models accurately represent human brain activity, even with large amounts of behavioral data.
6564h agoIntracortical axons in the visual cortex conduct signals fast enough to convey contextual information, enabling the construction of global scene properties from local neural activities.
6564h agoMachine learning analysis of EEG and fMRI data identifies neural signatures that distinguish tinnitus patients from healthy controls with high accuracy.
6564h agoAmari-type neural fields can be controlled using piecewise constant inputs to steer neural activity from an initial state to a target state.
6564h agoIntegrating self-supervised predictive coding modules into meta-reinforcement learning helps agents learn compact and interpretable representations of history that approximate Bayes-optimal belief states, leading to better generalization.
6564h agoA task-specific pre-training framework that jointly uses multiple datasets improves emotion recognition in EEG signals by aligning statistical properties across datasets and capturing complex dynamics.
6564h agoThe isolated reasoning component of language processing in the brain uniquely predicts neural activity, recruits visual regions, and peaks later in time than other linguistic features.
6564h agoA wearable device that provides assistance to the triceps and thumb helps people complete daily tasks with less tremor and better movement.
6564h agoThe structure of neural connections in the brain shapes collective activity in nonlinear neural networks, affecting the dimension and timescales of activity fluctuations.
6564h agoListeners adapt language comprehension by using two mechanisms: a speaker-general mechanism that adjusts overall expectations about a speaker's statements and a speaker-specific mechanism that updates their mental model of an individual speaker.
6564h agoThe hippocampus encodes cognitive maps through collective place cell activity, which represents spatial navigation by forming a map of location similarities based on transition probabilities.
6564h agoThe attention mechanism used in transformer architecture best predicts brain activity during natural scene viewing by dynamically routing retinotopic visual features to category-selective areas.
6564h agoGrid cells and place cells work together to enable animals to recall and navigate to locations using cues, plan paths, and recreate sensory experiences along those paths.
6564h agoDepression and suicidal ideation alter brain activity in response to emotionally charged statements, causing people with these conditions to respond more strongly and for longer periods.
6564h agoA network-specific approach enhances prediction accuracy of brain responses to complex movies by grouping brain networks into clusters and training separate models for each.
6564h agoA novel framework combines virtual reality exposure with EEG recordings to quantify mental and emotional states over time, enabling the inference of emotional states and modelling of their temporal dynamics.
6564h agoA graph-based neural inference model infers synaptic connectivity from neural population activity by predicting neural activity and modelling neurons as interacting nodes in a graph.
6564h agoThe State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 provides a comprehensive reassessment of the field's progress since 2008, focusing on brain function recording, mapping, and emulation capabilities.
6564h agoVisual rivalry shows a hysteretic transition between awareness and suppression, where a higher contrast threshold is required for a stimulus to become aware than to be suppressed.
6564h agoA new imaging sequence called ZTE can map activity changes in the human brain and is robust against susceptibility artefacts.
6564h agoLarge audio-language models process speaker characteristics during speech comprehension differently than humans, with one model matching human brain responses for speaker-incongruent content but both models failing to replicate human-like processing of social and biological violations.
6564h agoA new method called Representational Differences Explanations (RDX) helps to discover and visualize the differences between two learned representations, enabling more direct model comparisons.
6564h agoMemory efficiency, capacity, and stability emerge from the interaction of plasticity and sparsity constraints in the brain.
6564h agoA score-based generative model using Kuramoto dynamics captures synchronization phenomena to produce coherent angular directional patterns in images like fingerprints and textures.
6564h agoNon-normal eigenvector amplification in multidimensional systems causes heavy-tailed fluctuations and power-law distributions by increasing the effective Lyapunov exponent and lowering the tail exponent.
6564h agoThe two-component nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation's solutions approach a certain behavior over time, described by a higher-order asymptotic expansion inside the light cone that matches numerical simulations.
6564h agoA new approach generates beating vector solitons using non-degenerate vector soliton solutions of the Manakov system, allowing them to collide elastically and control their beating nature.
6564h agoMultiple clusters emerge and coexist in globally coupled oscillator systems with inertia, forming a hierarchical pattern known as the Devil's Staircase.
6564h agoThe midvein plays a crucial role in generating the diverse morphologies that emerge during leaf drying by imposing mechanical constraints on the shrinking leaf lamina.
6564h agoConstrained instantons provide a method for computing the vacuum decay rate in theories where no saddle point exists, and applying this approach to a massive scalar field theory reveals a two-branch structure of solutions.
6564h agoThe influence matrix requires different computational resources to accurately represent quantum many-body dynamics, depending on whether the dynamics is chaotic or integrable.
6564h agoThe dynamics of collinear points in a three-body problem with elliptical orbits can be modeled using a Hamiltonian and normal form approach, allowing for the construction of various types of orbits.
6564h agoThis study investigates the rotational dynamics of two ellipsoid-shaped rigid bodies moving under their gravitational influence, focusing on their behavior, linear stability, and main resonances.
6564h agoA physics-informed machine learning framework accurately predicts the emergence of coherent oscillations in stochastic systems driven by noise, matching simulation results with improved accuracy and reduced computation.
6564h agoThe dynamics of perturbed many-body integrable systems can be characterized by the time evolution of Lax eigenvalues, which act as a proxy for quasi-particles velocities.
6564h agoDissipative-soliton resonance emerges in strongly chirped dissipative solitons, allowing for a direct pathway to high-energy femtosecond oscillators without external amplification.
6564h agoA deep learning framework identifies the types of orbits in chaotic dynamical systems, categorizing them into weakly chaotic, strongly chaotic, and regular orbits.
6564h agoA new control strategy based on adiabatic spectral submanifolds enables soft robots to accurately track complex paths using low-dimensional models built purely from data.
6564h agoThree-state cellular automata exhibit different classes of ergodic behavior, which can be classified based on transformation properties under discrete symmetries and quantified by observables such as mean return time, conserved quantities, and correlation functions.
6564h agoThe dissipative dynamics of interacting spin models coupled to a Markovian environment are qualitatively independent of the underlying graph, and the steady states exhibit mixed-state topological order with long-range quantum correlations.
6564h agoThe mechanical behavior of graphene under uniaxial tensile stress depends on temperature and direction, with elastic parameters, fracture stress, and strain decreasing almost linearly with temperature.
6564h agoChaos is typical in certain geometric spaces, but averaging over ensembles of these spaces suppresses chaos and brings behavior closer to that of black hole backgrounds.
6564h agoOptical phonons with non-linearities can dynamically break crystalline inversion symmetry, leading to a steady state with broken symmetry, strong second harmonic generation, and ferroelectric rectification of the driving signal.
6564h agoSoliton interactions in coupled Kerr microcavities are governed by mechanisms that depend on coupling strength, pump phase difference, and asymmetric perturbations.
6564h agoStructural disorder causes a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator to undergo phase transitions between topologically non-trivial and trivial phases.
6564h agoA critical region with multifractal eigenstates separates localized and delocalized states in the two-dimensional quantum percolation model, with two distinct transitions occurring at different concentrations.
6564h agoCombining landscape-based and dynamical approaches reveals new insights into the behavior of high-dimensional random landscapes, which underlie phenomena such as glassy physics and optimization in machine learning.
6564h agoProbabilistic computing can solve complex spin glass systems with constant scaling in iterations needed to find solutions of a given quality.
6564h agoThe statistics of correlations in nonlinear recurrent neural networks can be described by exact expressions that include corrections for a large number of neurons.
6564h agoThe unified perturbative framework reveals that interaction corrections cause a universal negative T4 correction to the quantized heat flux along a chiral quantum Hall edge.
6564h agoDeFecT-FF, a new framework, predicts the energies and configurations of defects and impurities in CdTe-based solar cells, enabling rapid screening and discovery of new low-energy defect configurations.
6564h agoGlass-formers exhibit a universal scaling of their relaxation time near the glass transition, described by just two material-specific parameters and three universal constants.
6564h agoThe coherent Ising machine's optimization dynamics can exploit soft-modes in low-energy global minima to find hidden solutions to complex optimization problems, even when surrounded by many unaligned local minima.
6564h agoAn intrinsic length scale governs local failure in amorphous solids under shear, and this length scale grows with the age of the system.
6564h agoThe structure of neural connections in the brain shapes collective activity in nonlinear neural networks, affecting the dimension and timescales of activity fluctuations.
6564h agoThe surface code protects encoded quantum information against generic single-qubit coherent errors, with an error-correcting phase existing when rotation angles are less than a certain threshold.
6564h agoMemristive nanowire networks extract compact audio features that enable high-performance audio classification with low latency and data efficiency.
6564h agoA single large model achieves optimal performance, but ensembles of smaller models can achieve near-optimal performance in the overparameterized regime when the total feature count is considered.
6564h agoFrustrated local measurements cause free fermions in one dimension to exhibit superdiffusive behavior and generate fractal-scaling entanglement entropy.
6564h agoTime quasicrystals emerge in a disordered quantum Ising chain as a long-lived, prethermal dynamical phase with quasiperiodic oscillations in transverse magnetization.
6564h agoThe ConvNext architecture achieves comparable variational energies to the state of the art for quantum many-body ground states, particularly for frustrated spin systems.
6564h agoHigher physical activity levels in older adults are associated with stronger immediate responses in body sway to optic flow perturbations, reducing their reliance on visual input during walking.
6564h agoHuman tau induces a shift to glycolysis for energy production in neurons, which drives pathology and accelerates aging, rather than being a protective response.
6564h agoReappraisal, a key emotion regulation strategy, relies on specific brain networks involved in attentional control and switching to manage emotional responses.
6564h agoDirect stimulation of the auditory cortex enables mice to perceive sounds with fine spectral, temporal, and noise-resistant discrimination, and generates interpretable sound-like percepts.
6568h agoOverexpressing TDP-43 protein in motor neurons of two rhesus macaques induces widespread deposits of pathological TDP-43 in the cervical spinal cord and motor cortex, mimicking a key feature of ALS.
6568h agoPeople with depression and low self-esteem update their self-beliefs less when good things happen because they blame external factors, and they have a stronger tendency to focus on negative experiences.
6568h agoDopaminergic signaling, specifically through the dopamine 4 receptor subtype, refines locomotor activity from an immature to a mature pattern during development in vertebrates.
6568h agoThe hippocampus' intermediate CA3 subfield plays a key role in encoding social novelty, while the intermediate CA1 subfield primarily encodes spatial position, suggesting a division of labor within the hippocampus for processing social and spatial information.
6568h agoA specific intracellular motif in the serotonin-gated ion channel LGC-50 links receptor dynamics to behavioural plasticity, and its deletion impairs memory stability and retrieval in Caenorhabditis elegans.
6568h agoHaving a flexible internal model of the world helps people better understand unexpected information in language.
6568h agoExternal and internal cognitive domain switching effects are asymmetrical, with distinct neural mechanisms involved in switching between processing information guided by the external world and internally-generated thoughts.
6568h agoBrain entropy captures unique variance in task activation beyond what is explained by brain morphology alone, linking brain structure to task activation.
6568h agoThe brain controls liver glucose metabolism in a lobe-specific, lateralized way through symmetric brain-liver sympathetic pathways, with each side of the brain regulating the opposite side of the liver.
6568h agoCA3 inputs from the right side drive the initial refinement of spatial maps in CA1, then inputs from the left side take over to maintain stability as the maps mature.
6568h agoThe salivary microbiome composition is similar in patients with rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder (RBD) and early Parkinson's disease (PD), and can be used to distinguish between RBD and controls with high accuracy.
6572h agoskiftiTools enables advanced statistical modeling with voxelwise neuroimaging data by converting it into a format readable by common statistical tools, facilitating a wide range of voxel-level analyses.
6572h agoRubidium-based zero-field optically pumped magnetometers can measure retinal high frequency oscillations up to 140 Hz.
6572h agoPeople with OCD show different brain activation patterns during response inhibition and error processing compared to controls, and these patterns vary by age group and symptom severity.
6572h agoThe proposed method based on variational graph contrastive learning shows that structure-function coupling in the brain is strongest in the Visual network and weakest in the Orbito-affective network.
6572h agoThe accumulation of alpha-synuclein into Lewy bodies is a key feature of Parkinson's disease, and a new model using human cells faithfully replicates the diverse characteristics of these disease-related structures.
6572h agoThe maturation of the glymphatic system protects the central nervous system from Zika virus infection by limiting the spread of the virus in the brain.
6572h agoNo change is needed; the paragraph does not contain a summary sentence, it appears to be a citation and publication information. However, if you'd like, I can try to create a summary based on the title of the article: A single-vector intersectional AAV strategy allows for interrogating cellular diversity and brain function.
6576h agoAltering GSK3{beta} expression affects neuronal function, causing changes in visual responses, including increased response latency and reduced photoreceptor maximum response.
6576h agoEdward L. Keller identified key elements of the brainstem circuits that produce eye movements.
6580h agoFine-mapping genomic loci identifies refined bipolar disorder risk genes.
6580h agoConnectome datasets are not enough to predict neural activity on their own, but combining them with neural recordings can accurately predict activity in unrecorded neurons.
6580h agoMaturation of white matter tracts and refinement of neural firing patterns improve working memory precision during adolescent brain development.
6580h agoSchizophrenia shows fetal-like regulatory patterns in adult neurons, linking early brain development to its pathogenesis.
6580h agoPeople with central vision loss tend to choose more neutral-looking faces to represent emotions, whereas controls choose more extreme, caricatured faces.
6580h agoHuman concept cells in the Medial Temporal Lobe show graded responses to semantic information, following tuning curves that vary across brain regions.
6580h agoMigrating neurons in the adult brain physically reshape the mature circuit by displacing and deforming surrounding structures to reach their targets.
6580h agoFacial expressions associated with emotions vary by context and individual, and distinct facial structures are linked to different emotions in a context-dependent way.
6580h agoThe basal ganglia circuit in songbirds has a complex and interconnected structure, challenging the traditional view of it as a simple feedforward processor, with a direct and hyperdirect pathway dominating and strong interconnectivity between neurons.
6580h agoThe neuropeptide arginine-vasopressin's effect on social behavior is mediated by the vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR), which is densely expressed in the lateral septum (LS) and connected to an integrated circuit that regulates social and emotional behavior.
6580h agoNeuronal assemblies in the optic tectum of the zebrafish larva maintain a stable balance of excitation and inhibition during spontaneous activations, and have a low-rank organization with a discrete number of temporal activation patterns that can be modulated by the cholinergic system.
6580h agoLow-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation of the prelimbic cortex can be tuned to either excite or inhibit dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core, depending on the oscillation frequency used.
6580h agoBehavior-Adaptive Connectivity Estimation (BACE) framework accurately recovers directed interactions between brain regions and provides interpretable connectivity matrices for understanding how brain regions coordinate to produce behavior.
6588h agoFine-grained perceptual content is critical for model-based spatial reasoning, and shared representational geometries between spatial simulation and perceptual experience enable better spatial world modelling in AI.
6588h agoConsciousness is a physical process that can be modeled computationally, and a new model identifies the structural and functional mechanisms that effect it, confirming that consciousness arises from the interaction between a system's substrate and its reactive behavior.
6588h agoProtoEEG-kNN, an inherently interpretable model, detects interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in EEG recordings with state-of-the-art accuracy and provides explanations that experts prefer.
6588h agoDifferent neural and artificial neural networks rely on similar representations to support tasks, with geometry and tuning encoding specific signatures and linearly decodable information being globally shared.
6588h agoThe interaction between excitatory neurons, inhibitory parvalbumin neurons, and somatostatin interneurons generates multiple rhythms within a neural network.
6588h agoBrainCognizer, a novel brain decoding model, accurately reconstructs visual stimuli from brain activity by exploring multi-level semantics and correlations inspired by human visual cognition.
6588h agoMachines learn representations that align with those of the human mind, and their internal geometry can accurately predict human classification behavior.
6588h agoNew methods enable more accurate and scalable analysis of neural spike train data by extending the Poisson Generalized Linear Model to continuous-time, improving temporal resolution and functional connectivity inference.
6588h agoA new approach using an encoder-decoder transformer model discovers regions in the cortex with complex selectivity for diverse semantic concepts.
6588h agoPulsed wave transcranial photobiomodulation therapy modulates specific patterns in the human brain, enhancing brain functional networks and duration of microstate C.
6588h agoNeural representations in both biological and artificial systems change gradually over time due to ongoing input, and learning noise from task-irrelevant stimuli can cause long-term drift in the representation of task-relevant stimuli.
6588h agoA Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system called FocusCalm uses EEG headbands to monitor brain activity and detect when students are not paying attention, achieving an accuracy of 88.77% in classifying attention and non-attention states.
6588h agoA new pretrained model called REVE enables computers to accurately analyze diverse EEG brain signals by introducing a novel way to encode signal positions, achieving top results on 10 EEG tasks.
6588h agoRecurrent neural networks with random weights from heavy-tailed distributions exhibit a sharp transition between quiescent and chaotic dynamics, with a broader parameter regime near the edge of chaos but lower effective dimensionality.
6588h agoA novel model-based intrinsic drive, called 3M-Progress, enables artificial agents to achieve animal-like exploration and autonomous behavior by tracking divergence between an online world model and a fixed prior learned from an ecological niche.
6588h agoThe GLM-Transformer model identifies neural population interactions by capturing nonstationary individual-neuron dynamics and directed interactions between neural populations, offering a step toward improved understanding of signal transmission across brain areas.
6588h agoPOCO, a unified forecasting model, accurately predicts future neural activity across different brain recordings and species, capturing both individual neuron and brain-wide dynamics.
6588h agoThe receptive field shapes of simple cells in the primary visual cortex should be expanded over the degrees of freedom of geometric image transformations to enable a formal matching between receptive field responses under different viewing conditions.
6588h agoA new solution using a "decoupling matrix" allows feed-forward active shielding to reduce ambient magnetic fields to zero across the full frequency range, enabling more effective and lower-cost measurement systems.
6588h agoThe Time-Evolving Visual Dynamical System (TE-ViDS) model extracts low-dimensional latent representations from neural activity that evolve over time, revealing intrinsic correlations between neural activity and naturalistic visual stimuli.
6588h agoA new framework called FOND derives neural inference dynamics from principles of natural gradients, online belief updating, and iterative refinement, leading to the development of a recurrent spiking neural network called iP-VAE that performs variational inference efficiently and effectively.
6588h agoLimitations on recording neurons affect the accuracy of representational similarity measures between neural recordings and computational models, but a new analytical framework and denoising method can help overcome these limitations.
6588h agoRepresentation learning in neural networks is governed by emergent entropic forces that arise from stochasticity and discrete-time updates, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations and optimization behaviors.
6588h agoLarge language models have limited ability to monitor their own cognitive processes, and their capacity to report and control their internal workings depends on factors such as the number of examples provided and the interpretability of their neural activation patterns.
6588h agoTurbulence occurs when a deterministic process changes to a stochastic one due to a change in thermodynamic states, and is characterized by a quasi-periodic probability density function with negative probability regimes.
6588h agoA deep learning framework identifies the types of orbits in chaotic dynamical systems, including weakly chaotic, strongly chaotic, and regular orbits, by analyzing the complex and mixed behaviors in the generalized kicked rotator system.
6588h agoThe local Gaussian correlation network among negative tails of stock returns in the Shanghai Stock Exchange is more sensitive to stock market risks than networks based on Pearson correlations or local Gaussian correlations among positive tails.
6588h agoResource allocation and epidemic spreading are linked in a dynamic model, where four distinct patterns of disease prevalence emerge as resources are allocated to recipients.
6588h agoMultiple commutation relations of the quantum affine algebra can be expressed using trigonometric weight functions, independent of the representation of the L-operator.
6588h agoLarge language models' generated text shows puzzling behaviors like repetition and incoherence, and a new measure called correlation dimension reveals the complexity of text and detects degeneration in generated text.
6588h agoA simplified mathematical model describes the dynamics of optical waves in a special type of material with zero average electrical permittivity, taking into account nonuniformity, nonlinearity, and external pumping.
6588h agoCritical transitions in coupled dissipative kicked rotors arise from bifurcations of simple states, leading to multistability and coexisting spatial patterns.
6588h agoDynaMix, a novel mixture-of-experts architecture, accurately forecasts the long-term evolution of novel dynamical systems without re-training, outperforming existing time series models.
6588h agoThe coherent Ising machine optimization process uses evolving energy landscapes to guide the solution of complex optimization problems, and can evade high-energy local minima to find lower-energy global minima that align with hidden solutions.
6588h agoA new method computes real-space maps of local spectral operators in tight-binding models with linear scaling and accurately estimates values even under strong spatial fluctuations.
6588h agoPhilip Warren Anderson's work fundamentally shaped our understanding of complex systems, particularly in areas such as localization, magnetism, superconductivity, and broken symmetry.
6588h agoThe spectral functions of certain many-body quantum-mechanical systems develop non-compact support and exponential tails, which are properties required for holographic duality and the emergence of a semiclassical spacetime.
6588h agoThe Kramers escape rate for Brownian particles in bistable substrates changes with the shape deformability of the double-well potential, and a critical value of deformability triggers non-Gaussian corrections and a first-order transition in quantum tunneling.
6588h agoLimitations on recording neurons affect the accuracy of representational similarity measures between neural recordings and computational models, but a new analytical framework and denoising method can help overcome these limitations.
6588h agoProbabilistic neurons can generate more accurate results by producing multiple samples, and energy tradeoffs can be estimated to compare this approach with adding more bits to a single deterministic sample.
6588h agoRepresentation learning in neural networks is governed by emergent entropic forces that arise from stochasticity and discrete-time updates, leading to a series of gradient balance phenomena and explaining universal alignment of neural representations and optimization behaviors.
6588h agoSelf-attention layers can be understood through dynamical systems analysis, revealing that normalization plays a key role in stabilizing inference dynamics and enabling high performance.
6588h agoFlat-band systems allow for controllable quantum transport, which can be achieved by integrating flat-band and all-bands-flat lattices into a hybrid structure.
6588h agoDefects in conformal field theories can be uplifted to defects in a supersymetric theory with two possible dimensions, and this uplift leads to new relations between defect conformal blocks and a reduction of global symmetry.
6588h agoAt least three electrostatic interactions between two docked Cx36 hemichannels are required to form functional gap junctions, and these interactions ensure Cx36 specifically docks with itself, not other brain connexins.
6588h agoThe auditory system changes how it localizes sounds based on recent experiences and the context in which sounds are presented, resulting in biased perceptions of sound location.
6588h agoTraining improves sound localization accuracy in virtual reality, and generic head-related transfer functions may be sufficient for most applications when combined with user training.
6592h agoArtificial neural networks trained with different random initializations exhibit substantial individual differences that resemble those in humans, and these differences can be used to improve predictions of individual human responses.
6592h agoPerceptual decisions rely on active sampling of cues from the environment, and the time spent sampling affects detection success, with differences in sampling behavior between male and female rats.
6592h agoACE2 in the striatum regulates the balance of neurotransmitters acetylcholine and dopamine, and its disruption impairs motor learning and action selection.
6592h agoMacaque monkeys' brain neurons adjust their activity based on the relative positions of two objects in a scene, helping to coordinate attention, gaze, and motor goals.
6592h agoVDAC activation inhibits long-term potentiation and memory formation in the hippocampus by triggering neuroinflammatory pathways, an effect that can be prevented by certain neuroactive steroids.
6592h agoDirect conversion of somatic cells to induced neural stem cells results in pronounced epigenetic de-aging, with cells from aged donors showing around 13% and 5% of their original age after conversion.
6592h agoSpike-timing dependent plasticity rules affect the formation of polychronous groups and cell ensembles, which represent different types of memory, in distinct ways in cortical and hippocampal CA1 networks.
6592h agoA new classification framework reveals that distinct brain network configurations differentiate cannabis users, alcohol users, and healthy controls, and that shared and substance-specific mechanisms drive addiction.
6592h agoThe brain represents visual information in a way that is neither fully tied to the viewer's perspective nor fully based on the object's position in the world.
6592h agoThe brain and spinal cord encode pain perception through different patterns of activity and connectivity, with spinal cord representations primarily tracking stimulus intensity and brain regions encoding both stimulus intensity and subjective pain experience.
6592h agoThe neural system uses a hierarchical pathway to perform path integration, where velocity information is first processed by band cells, then coordinated with grid cells to calculate location.
6592h agoPex11β regulates mitochondrial dynamics by balancing fission and fusion, and its dysregulation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
6592h agoA gradient-boosted ensemble framework accurately predicts blood-brain barrier permeability by classifying compounds as permeable or non-permeable using precomputed molecular fingerprints.
6592h agoThe brain coordinates threat displays in male Drosophila through a hierarchical circuit that combines the activity of specific neurons to generate characteristic wing and leg movements.
6592h agoA new therapeutic candidate, T2, shows promise in treating Alzheimer's disease by targeting two key factors, G9a and GSK-3B, and improves memory, restores behaviors, and increases synaptic complexity in a mouse model.
6604h agoThe neuron-specific a3 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase pump enables high-frequency firing in certain neurons by having a low affinity for intracellular Na, and its unique kinetic features determine firing capacity, not pump quantity.
6604h agoHuntington's disease neurons show changes in protein phosphorylation, including altered abundance of 177 phosphopeptides and changes in protein MXRA8 that may contribute to impaired signaling and autophagy.
6604h agoThe visual working memory content influences automatic eye movements, with corrective eye movements more frequently biased towards distractors that match the memorized color, especially when the memory task is harder.
6604h agoLearning a visually-guided discrimination task increases information about relevant sensory features through distinct changes in the visual cortical hierarchy, with neurons in primary visual cortex encoding features more reliably and neurons in parietal cortex reorganizing their feature preferences in a task-specific manner.
6604h agoKetamine triggers a wave of neuroplasticity that starts in the medial prefrontal cortex and moves to the hippocampus, with the serotonergic system acting as a key connector.
6604h agoButyrate decreases amyloid beta accumulation in endothelial cells by activating the insulin signaling pathway, which improves blood-brain barrier integrity.
6604h agoAcute stress changes how the hippocampus works, enhancing its ability to detect patterns and learn statistically, while impairing its ability to form specific memories.
6604h agoIndividuals differ in their tendency to avoid punishment, and this difference relates to distinct brain networks in the prefrontal cortex that drive adaptive or maladaptive responses to negative outcomes.
6608h agoThe shape of brain oscillations provides information about brain processes, and changes in this shape can be linked to specific effects of the drug diazepam on the brain.
6612h agoHousing Ndufs4-/- mice at a warmer temperature increases their lifespan, reduces disease symptoms, and improves their activity level.
6612h agoNeuronal extracellular vesicles deliver microRNAs to specific parts of neurons to regulate axonal growth and shape neurodevelopment.
6628h agoActivating certain brain cells in the preoptic area induces a state of lowered body temperature and reduced metabolism that protects against brain damage in a mouse stroke model.
6628h agoThe neural activity in gerbil brains can accurately identify the type and family of vocalizations, despite variations in sound, by processing different acoustic features.
6628h agoThe visual salience of options guides value-based decisions by influencing the efficiency of evidence accumulation, with more similar visual cues making it harder for rats to choose between high and low reward options.
6628h agoHuman neural organoids and assembloids exhibit distinct neuronal morphologies, including immature pyramidal-like, double-bouquet, and bushy-like neurons, with interregional assembloids showing greater complexity and features of emerging connectivity.
6628h agoIncreased substance use during adolescence and young adulthood is linked to high impulsivity, low inhibitory control, and low basal ganglia tissue iron, a marker of dopamine function.
6632h agoAstrocytes with APOE3 variant prevent cholesterol and lipid induced damage to nerve cells, while astrocytes with APOE4 variant do not, and this is linked to differences in lipid transport.
6632h agoSensory areas in the mammalian brain, specifically the auditory cortex, encode the class and temporal structure of future vocal output, with distinct neuronal activity patterns occurring before vocalizations.
6632h agoHuman microglia and neurons co-mature and interact in a specific way that allows them to develop and function normally, and this interaction is necessary to understand various central nervous system disorders.
6632h agoObservers focus on visual information that helps them understand their environment, prioritising semantically salient objects when it aids their understanding.
6632h agoRecurrent neural networks with random weights from heavy-tailed distributions exhibit a sharp transition between quiescent and chaotic dynamics, and show a broader gain regime near the edge of chaos but with lower effective dimensionality.
6632h agoSchizophrenia starts with an early disruption in forebrain development, which is linked to abnormal gene expression, changes in brain cell formation, and disrupted brain connections.
6632h agoLoss of stmn2a and stmn2b expression disrupts the assembly of zebrafish neuromuscular junctions during development, leading to impaired motor function and reduced ability to regenerate motor axons.
6632h agoThe dentate gyrus preferentially responds to social stimuli at both the level of individual neurons and neural networks.
6632h agoAdgrl2 controls neural circuit assembly and cerebrovascular integrity through cell-type specific isoforms produced by alternative splicing.
6632h agoDepleting CpG motifs from the AAV genome prevents AAV-induced dendritic loss and synaptic weakening, offering a strategy to protect neurons without compromising immunity.
6632h agoCells in the human hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex respond selectively to specific event orders, helping to form memories of sequences of events.
6632h agoA biophysically informed neural field model reveals reduced corticothalamic integrity in patients with disorders of consciousness, with more pronounced effects in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome than in minimally conscious state.
6632h agoCSNK2B gene replacement in mice corrects autism-like behaviors, seizures, and brain abnormalities, and normalizes brain activity, providing a potential therapy for CSNK2B-linked neurodevelopmental disorders.
6636h agoThe primate visual system represents basic visual features like orientation throughout its entire network, even in higher areas, due to the integration of low- and high-level features in functional "hubs".
6636h agoCannabidiol (CBD) serves both pain-relieving and pain-causing functions in larval zebrafish, with low concentrations reducing pain responses and high concentrations increasing pain sensitivity through activation of the Trpa1b receptor.
6636h agoThe drift-diffusion model can account for choice-induced preference change when it is extended to include independent attributes in the drift rate.
6636h agoBladder mucosal afferents become hypersensitive during urinary tract infections and play a key role in driving infection-induced pain and frequent urination.
6636h agoSocial experiences in adolescence shape individual social profiles, which can predict future social behaviors and are associated with specific brain metabolites and gene expressions.
6636h agoKOR activation delays the initiation of reward-seeking behavior and changes dopamine signaling patterns, making it more salient and potentially contributing to habitual behaviors.
6636h agoRetinal waves instruct the development of the visual system, and a new toolbox can automatically detect and analyze their spatiotemporal properties, revealing dynamic changes in wave properties over time and in response to pharmacological agents.
6640h agoStimulation of the premotor and parietal cortex disrupts motor activity by inducing cortical silent periods in the voluntarily activated upper limb, even without eliciting motor evoked potentials.
6640h agoIschemic injury alters vascular function, leads to inflammation and oxidative stress, and impairs angiogenesis, causing progressive changes in lesion volume, vascular remodeling, and blood-brain barrier permeability.
6640h agoHDAP2 protects retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve axons in a pressure-dependent manner, preserving 49% more cells than untreated retinas at similar pressure exposures.
6640h agoPhysiological crosstalk between human retinas predicts the nature of neurovascular coupling in the brain, and this crosstalk is linked to larger brain responses and may serve as a biomarker for disease in diabetes.
6640h agoHuman induced pluripotent stem cells can be used to generate parasympathetic neurons that mimic native physiological features and interact with heart cells.
6640h agoThe insular cortex's pyramidal neurons have 21 distinct morphological types, 12 electrical types, and 9 input types that are linked to their functions and connections.
6640h agoEntropy maps of brain network communities show that local entropy decreases in predictable brain regions during tasks like working memory and music listening, reflecting self-organization of neural processes.
6640h agoThe fish Gymnotus omarorum maintains territorial aggression year-round by changing hormone levels and gene expression in its brain to support this behavior during different seasons.
6640h agoFast trill neurons, which help produce fast trills in male X. laevis frogs, are also present in frogs that do not produce fast trills, and may serve other functions.
6640h agoAugmented feedback helps expert performers improve intricate skills by providing detailed information about their movements, allowing them to break through performance plateaus and refine their actions.
6640h agoDeep generative models can synthesize accurate perfusion maps from routine non-contrast MRI scans, potentially streamlining stroke imaging and reducing the need for contrast injection.
6640h agoOlder adults have weaker brain responses to visual scenes during memory encoding, and this decline is linked to reduced activity in the brain's locus coeruleus, affecting their memory performance.
6640h agoThe ageing turquoise killifish retina develops hallmark features of age-related macular degeneration and human ageing, including photoreceptor deterioration and lipid deposits.
6640h agoThe brain controls attention through rhythmic fluctuations, mainly at 8-12 Hz, and this neural code for attention changes with task demands and affects behavior.
6640h agoQuantum computing can help solve multi-objective optimization challenges by using a low-depth quantum algorithm to find better solutions than classical approaches.
6644h agoChronic stress causes changes in the prefrontal cortex characterized by down-regulation of glia, myelin, and vascular pathways and suppression of immediate-early gene activity, which can link to psychiatric disorders.
6644h agoDapansutrile treatment reduces neurodegeneration, motor problems, and abnormal protein clumps in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in reactive microglia.
6648h agoThe cerebellum plays a key role in adapting motor movements to visual delays by sending excitatory signals to other brain regions, such as V5, and receiving inhibitory signals in return.
6652h agoAutism spectrum disorder involves widespread and heterogeneous deviations in brain network organization, particularly in the language network, which is associated with distinct behavioral profiles and cortical gene expression patterns.
6652h agoThe LRRK2 G2019S mutation impairs GABAergic transmission and disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain, leading to a dominance of excitatory signals.
6652h agoPrenatal exposure to cannabinoids, including CBD and THC, leads to lasting changes in adult behavior, including increased risk assessment in females and repetitive behavior in both sexes.
6652h agoSystemic respiratory infections change the brain's gene activity in Alzheimer's disease, dampening immune responses and activating vascular and infection-fighting processes.
6652h agoThe cell-specific connectivity of a three-population circuit made of excitatory, parvalbumin, and somatostatin neurons generates gamma oscillations and determines the phase relationships between the activities of these neurons.
6652h agoA wearable device that combines multiple sensors and a computer chip helps people with upper-limb function, improving tremor control, range of motion, and movement repetitions.
6660h agoA new framework enables efficient GPU-accelerated simulation of sparse spiking neural networks with structural plasticity, allowing for faster training times and reduced computational requirements.
6660h agoThe absence of local obstructions characterizes convexity in neural codes with up to three maximal codewords, and also in many codes with four maximal codewords, but sometimes a second type of obstruction, a "wheel", is also required.
6660h agoA novel two-system approach enables continual learning and flexible reuse of skills in recurrent neural network models by separating the inference of what computation to perform from how to perform it.
6660h agoDeep learning approaches are advancing neurological diagnostics by analyzing brain signals from EEG and iEEG, improving diagnosis and monitoring across seven neurological conditions.
6660h agoThe receptive field shapes of simple cells in the primary visual cortex should be expanded over the degrees of freedom of geometric image transformations to enable a formal matching between receptive field responses under different viewing conditions.
6660h agoA novel framework combines virtual reality and EEG recordings to quantify mental and emotional states over time, enabling the inference of emotional states and development of mathematical models to capture their temporal dynamics.
6660h agoThe cerebral cortex displays different patterns of activity that change over time depending on the brain state, ranging from unconsciousness to consciousness, which are characterized by varying levels of synchronization and complexity.
6660h agoMeasurement processes of quantum systems can be reformulated as probabilistic equations using probabilistic state vectors, which can be approximated by the neural network dynamics of the Tensor Brain model.
6660h agoA new fractional mathematical model describes the interaction between plants and water in arid environments, simulating vegetation migration and linking water advection and diffusion with the slope of the domain.
6660h agoSpace resonances govern long-time dynamics in weakly nonlinear dispersive wave systems when wave packets share the same group velocity and remain co-located.
6660h agoA revised continuum model yields soliton amplitudes and velocities that agree closely with numerical simulations, achieving an improvement of 1/9 over a previous benchmark.
6660h agoTwo new quantum algorithms solve reaction-diffusion equations using truncated Chebyshev polynomial approximation with gate complexities of O(d·log(d)+T·polylog(T/ε)) and O(polylog(d)·T·polylog(T/ε)).
6660h agoFusion categories with a non-invertible, self-dual object give rise to integrable anyonic chains with a Hamiltonian density that satisfies the Temperley-Lieb algebra.
6660h agoSoliton interactions in coupled Kerr microcavities are governed by mechanisms that depend on coupling strength, perturbations, and pump phase difference.
6660h agoA weakly nonlinear framework extends classical tools to structured PDE models, allowing for the study of pattern formation in heterogeneous populations with sharply peaked or singular steady states.
6660h agoEquitability is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of linearly independent cluster synchronised solutions in networks of coupled dynamical units with multiplex or higher-order interactions.
6660h agoIncluding global-range interaction allows Bethe Ansatz solutions for quantum systems beyond one-dimensional models.
6660h agoNew semi-discrete nonlinear systems, including a twelve-component and a six-component system, were developed to model physical phenomena on quasi-one-dimensional lattices.
6660h agoModulational instability in a two-component ultracold atomic gas generates dispersive shock waves, which can be analytically described and experimentally observed, leading to the production of Peregrine soliton structures.
6660h agoThe asymptotic expansion of the tau-function for a special solution of the string equation is topological in nature in a certain parameter regime.
6660h agoThe Reshetikhin condition implies the presence of infinitely many local conserved quantities in quantum spin chains with finite-range interactions.
6660h agoA mobility edge exists in the spectrum of two coupled tight-binding chains with incommensurate periods, where higher-energy states abruptly become localized, and a weak magnetic field enhances localization while a strong field delocalizes most states.
6660h agoElectromagnetic waves and scalar waves exhibit a non-ergodic extended phase with fractal quasimodes in disordered media, with electromagnetic waves remaining in this phase at high disorder strength and scalar waves eventually becoming localized.
6660h agoA multifractal analysis of the local density of states offers a clear signature of criticality in quasiperiodic moiré materials, allowing for its identification and probing through scanning tunneling microscopy.
6660h agoA new model proposes that phonon anomalies in solids, including the van Hove singularity and the boson peak, share a common physical origin and can be unified within a single framework.
6660h agoConfinement between two parallel plates changes the self-diffusion process of a hard sphere fluid, which depends on the height of the system.
6660h agoThe 3D toric code exhibits fault-tolerance thresholds of approximately 11% against bit-flip errors and 2% against phase-flip errors, showing its robustness against measurement errors.
6660h agoTinkering decouples Fiedler and spectral dimensions in composite networks, providing insights into their collective behavior.
6660h agoThe Russian Doll Model shows a rich phase structure with extended, localized, ergodic, and multifractal phases in its parameter plane.
6660h agoResidual networks have better trainability and performance than feed-forward networks at large depth because skip connections and a scaling parameter for the residual branch improve signal propagation and generalization.
6660h agoPhase change materials' performance relies on the dynamics of their supercooled liquid phase, which affects device operation and glass structural relaxations, and is marked by a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between viscosity and diffusion coefficient.
6660h agoTemperature chaos in spin glasses arises from reentrance, where a drop in temperature drives the system from an ordered to a less ordered phase.
6660h agoThe unwrapped Wilson line method efficiently computes the bulk topological invariant in multiband systems, accurately capturing all topological edge states and providing a robust framework for understanding topological properties.
6660h agoDeep generative models, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), have connections to diffusion processes and coupled Bosons, and their learning mechanisms involve a symmetry breaking process in the energy landscape during training.
6660h agoWord embeddings based on co-occurrence probability show a linear analogy structure, which emerges from the top eigenvectors of the co-occurrence matrix and is enhanced by using logarithmic transformation.
6660h agoHyperuniform systems have three classes with different levels of uniformity, with Class I systems showing the highest degree of uniformity from small to large length scales, followed by Class II and Class III systems.
6660h agoThe spectral SIE theorem reveals a universal speed limit for R'enyi entanglement growth, establishing a robust $1/s^2$ decay threshold in the entanglement spectrum.
6660h agoNeurons adapt to environmental changes through two processes that tune their excitability, allowing them to maintain stable function and respond differently to future challenges.
6660h agoProtracted sampling, where evidence is accumulated over time, is used to judge subtle feature differences in a long stimulus, but alternative non-integration strategies like extremum-detection also fit the data.
6660h agoNeuronal extracellular vesicles interact with proteins involved in synaptic transmission, vesicle trafficking, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and this interaction changes in Alzheimer's disease.
6664h agoGene replacement therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) human FOXG1 can improve some behavioral deficits in FOXG1 syndrome, but may worsen motor behaviors in female patients.
6664h agoDeamidation of amyloid beta-42 alters its aggregation and reduces microglial activation and inflammatory signaling.
6664h agoA high-fat diet causes a faster onset and progression of Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in female mice than in male mice.
6664h agoPersistent neural activity in the auditory cortex enables the decoding of past stimuli during both wakefulness and sleep.
6664h agoGraph Neural Networks, particularly the Graph Attention Network architecture, accurately segment the brain surface based on structural brain connectivity, and combining data from diffusion and structural MRI improves segmentation results.
6664h agoIndividual cortical neurons can have axonal connections that cover 30-40% of all cortical areas, and combining a few neurons can reach almost all areas.
6664h agoThe frailty index, which measures health and longevity, is a reliable predictor of age-related cognitive decline in mice, reflecting not only general physiological aging but also brain aging.
6664h agoNeural inflammation in thoracic dorsal root ganglia drives cardiopulmonary afferent sensitization through suppression of voltage-gated potassium channels after myocardial infarction, leading to chronic heart failure.
6664h agoMovement duration emerges from the control policy itself, and this idea successfully explains diverse aspects of human reaching behavior, including tradeoffs between movement duration and task parameters.
6664h agoConsidering both local and global brain connectivity properties, including higher-order statistical associations, improves the identification of meaningful individual differences that relate to phenotypic expressions.
6664h agoThe ventral temporal pole plays a critical role in recalling verbal emotional memories, and damage to this area selectively impairs this type of memory.
6668h agoCocaine use disorder is associated with abnormal brain changes, specifically increased neural processing times in visual, somatomotor, and default mode networks, linked to altered brain chemistry and impaired inhibitory control.
6668h agoSmall molecules can control DNA binding and release by AP1 transcription factors, including deltaFOSB, by docking into a novel site outside the DNA-binding cleft.
6668h agoA unique neural signature predicts individual differences in long-term memory encoding, and this signature is independent of visual working memory and attentional control.
6668h agoA compound called YL0441 disrupts the binding of deltaFOSB to DNA, which plays a key role in the development of drug addiction, cognitive decline, and several other chronic neurological and psychiatric conditions.
6668h agoBehavior-Adaptive Connectivity Estimation (BACE) framework learns phase-specific, directed inter-regional connectivity from brain activity and provides explicit connectivity matrices that reveal behavior-aligned reconfiguration of inter-regional influence.
6668h agoShort-range connections within and between prefrontal cortex subdivisions can be mapped with high precision and accuracy in the living human brain using an anatomically-guided approach.
6668h agoThe primate dorsomedial prefrontal cortex uses a gaze-dependent process to accumulate social evidence from a partner's actions and guide cooperative decisions.
6668h agoTheta and gamma neural dynamics in the human auditory cortex track syllable boundaries and encode phonemic information during speech perception, and are primarily driven by the acoustic envelope of speech rather than internal brain mechanisms.
6668h agoGluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN2D NMDAR subunits are robustly expressed in dorsal horn neurons of both rodents and humans, and are preferentially localized to the superficial dorsal horn, with differences in distribution between species and across development.
6668h agoPSD-95 plays a critical role in driving binocular maturation, and its absence impairs binocular integration during ethologically demanding behaviors.
6668h agoLH-GABA neurons are involved in learning both rewarding and aversive associations, and their activity is highest in response to cues that predict aversive outcomes.
6668h agoLamin B1 regulates neuronal migration by controlling nuclear deformability, and its excess or imbalance leads to impaired neuronal positioning and electrophysiological defects in the brain.
6668h agoInterrupting the perception-action cycle changes how people make perceptual decisions based on recent history, with no-response trials reducing attractive biases and enhancing repulsive biases.
6668h agoNeural dynamics associated with planning show that value estimation signals and state reactivation change across trials, with improved performance linked to stronger value encoding and reduced reactivation of negative-value states.
6668h agoSpeech production relies on a right-lateralized network that integrates auditory and somatosensory feedback to maintain fluency, and individual differences in susceptibility to disrupted feedback are linked to specific patterns of brain activation and fiber tract organization.
6668h agoA neural symbolic regression approach autonomously uncovers network dynamics from data, refining existing models of gene regulation and ecology, and identifying epidemic transmission patterns.
6672h agoThe brain monitors body systems through a large-scale brain system that regulates body functions, including connections between brainstem nuclei.
6676h agoAstrocytes and microglia in the mouse cortex reprogram neurodegeneration-related pathways in a cell- and disease-specific way in response to amyloid pathology or aging.
6676h agoThe dorsal raphe nucleus's opioid system plays a key role in motivation and behavior by acting on a novel population of neurons that are separate from serotonin cells.
6676h agoMemory consolidation in flies allows for memory updating, where a previously learned association between an odor and a food reward is changed to an avoidance response after the fly experiences malaise from eating tainted food.
6676h agoCategory learning induces an expansion of neural space near decision boundaries, allowing for enhanced discrimination between stimuli close to the category boundary.
6684h agoThe grid illusion may be caused by blind spots in the eye.
6684h agoHandwriting features, such as stability, writing speed, and pressure variations, effectively distinguish between neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and healthy controls.
6684h agoA new method decomposes mutual information into contributions from individual stimuli and features, allowing for the identification of what information neurons encode.
6684h agoCNeuroMod-THINGS provides a large-scale fMRI dataset that captures neural representations of a wide set of semantic concepts using well-characterized images, expanding the capacity to model human visual experience.
6684h agoThe study finds that people tend to avoid making eye movements that cross earlier paths in their scan, a phenomenon called self-crossing avoidance, which helps facilitate exploration of visual scenes.
6684h agoLarge Language Models (LLMs) exhibit similar memory effects to humans, including remembering less with too much information, better recall with repetition, and difficulties with overlapping information, but also show key differences in how they process information.
6684h agoThe dataset ScholaWrite captures the complete thought process of scholarly writing, tracing changes from initial drafts to final manuscripts and providing insights into the cognitive demands of writing.
6684h agoDeep learning models outperform classical approaches in forecasting neural activity, producing informative forecasts up to 1.5 seconds into the future.
6684h agoActive particles that forage for resources in a non-cooperative way can self-organize into swarms when resources are absent, with the strength of swarming inversely related to the amount of resource they have.
6684h agoThe recurrence-based divergence quantifier is an effective tool for detecting chaos in conservative systems, and its performance agrees with the fast Lyapunov indicator in identifying chaotic and regular trajectories.
6684h agoA novel integrability condition for the Riccati equation allows for the analytical general solutions containing free parameters to be presented.
6684h agoThe symmetries of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system collapse into a finite-dimensional module when restricted to multi-soliton solutions, spanned by elementary center-translation generators.
6684h agoPrejudice leads to spiteful behavior in strategic interactions, causing a sudden and sharp increase in spiteful individuals when prejudice reaches a certain threshold.
6684h agoTopological Data Analysis can reveal key harmonic features of sound and distinguish between integer and non-integer harmonics when using specific time delays related to fractions of the fundamental period.
6684h agoNonlinear bound states of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations can arise from scattering resonance states and transmission resonance states of an underlying Schrödinger operator.
6684h agoThe analysis of the Eckhaus instability in the one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation reveals four distinct regimes: rapid decay of stable perturbations, latent changes, a phase-slip period, and slow relaxation to a final stable state.
6684h agoA rescaled Manning potential is obtained from analyzing scatterings of small excitations with a kink defect in a nonlinear molecular chain model.
6684h agoDispersive shock waves are observed in an intense electron beam, where a localized perturbation evolves into a soliton-like peak followed by an expanding train of oscillations.
6684h agoThe complete Lie point symmetry algebras are obtained for two sequences of odd-order evolution equations, including fully-nonlinear equations.
6684h agoThe global existence and uniqueness of solutions to the energy-critical half-wave maps equation are established for all rational initial data, demonstrating global well-posedness for a dense subset of the energy space.
6684h agoNonlinearly coupled heterogeneous oscillators on topologically equivalent nodes can easily synchronize when forming a fully connected subgraph, regardless of the status of other oscillators.
6684h agoThe special solution of the (3,4) string equation has an asymptotic expansion that is topological in nature in a certain parameter regime.
6684h agoThe equilibria in a random model network with extensive chaos are strongly correlated, occupy a small region in phase space, and have low-dimensional unstable manifolds.
6684h agoIntroducing non-monotonic transfer functions into the Hopfield associative memory model dramatically enhances retrieval performance.
6684h agoHilbert space fragmentation appears in disordered systems, such as the XXZ model with random on-site fields, leading to non-ergodic dynamics and affecting many-body delocalization.
6684h agoMachine learning-assisted optimization method, specifically Global Annealing Monte Carlo, outperforms classical state-of-the-art techniques in solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems, particularly in finding minimum energy configurations in three-dimensional Ising spin glasses.
6684h agoSymmetry can be restored in many-body localized systems without approaching thermal equilibrium, and the quantum Mpemba effect emerges universally for any tilted product state.
6684h agoNonlinearly coupled heterogeneous oscillators on topologically equivalent nodes can easily synchronize when forming a fully connected subgraph, regardless of the status of other oscillators.
6684h agoA strongly disordered nuclear spin ensemble exhibits a phase transition into a sub-diffusive regime, inhibiting thermalization and slowing down transport.
6684h agoA universal phase diagram exists for quantum chains with range-k interactions that conserve total charge and dipole moment, exhibiting freezing transitions between strongly and weakly fragmented phases at a critical charge filling of νc=(k-2)−1.
6684h agoThe Rosenzweig-Porter model's phase diagram and localization properties remain robust when its random matrix is changed from Gaussian to Wishart type, with level compressibility matching the original model.
6684h agoA tunable quantum circuit model shows that the performance and scalability of a quantum reservoir computer can be controlled by adjusting the fraction of non-stabilizing gates, allowing navigation from classically tractable to maximally expressive quantum dynamics.
6684h agoThe P1/pC1x neurons in male fruit flies form a complex network with other neurons to regulate behaviors such as mating and aggression.
6684h agoPostpartum estrogen withdrawal increases anxiety-like behaviors and social changes by raising levels of a specific brain protein called {Delta}FOSB.
6684h agoVariants in the SCN8A gene, particularly in specific exons, cause severe seizures and developmental delays in pediatric epilepsy, and a new therapy using antisense oligonucleotides can normalize neuronal activity, reduce seizures, and improve outcomes in a mouse model.
6684h agoPatients with functional somatic disorders, multiple chemical sensitivity, and post-COVID-19 conditions have reduced inter-hemispheric brain connectivity, which may represent a shared neurobiological signature among these groups.
6684h agoAn all-optical strategy allows precise control and monitoring of brain activity in thousands of neurons, revealing that certain interneurons respond to diverse stimulation patterns, defying conventional brain wiring rules.
6684h agoA canonical Hidden Markov Model provides a common reference for describing brain networks across different studies using magneto/encephalography recordings.
6688h agoExperience modulates the plasticity of spatial representations in the brain differently for layer 2/3 and layer 5 neurons, with layer 2/3 neurons requiring novel environments and layer 5 neurons showing plasticity regardless of environmental familiarity.
6688h agoInterocular differences in optical blur cause differences in processing speed between the eyes, leading to visible illusions in a subset of people, including presbyopes and non-presbyopes.
6688h agoPattern recognition and generation rely on a shared neural mechanism that uses feedback pathways to combine learned knowledge with sensory input.
6688h agoPost-stroke fatigue arises from a combination of socio-demographic, emotional, and cerebral factors, and is associated with lesions in specific brain areas, including the right corona radiata and external capsule.
6688h agoSleep deprivation narrows the brain's ability to reorganize itself, disrupting the normal balance between integrated and segregated brain states, due to changes in thalamic activity and physiological connections with cortical networks.
6688h agoNew learning can stabilize place fields in the hippocampus, rather than causing more drift, if the neural populations involved in the new learning are different from those involved in the original task.
6688h agoPigs show age-related changes in central nervous system tissue and cerebrospinal fluid volumes, with spinal cerebrospinal fluid volume surpassing brain cerebrospinal fluid volume in older pigs.
6688h agoResistance training during the day improves deep sleep and helps the body cool down at night, with greater benefits in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
6692h agoBioelectronic implants for neurostimulation work better when they adjust for the body's natural rhythms, and a new device, the DyNeuMo-2c, can do this by changing its stimulation settings according to the time of day.
6692h agoDNA damage-induced epigenetic changes affect cognitive behavior and alter amyloid-beta plaque morphology and neuroinflammation in a genetically susceptible Alzheimer's disease model.
6692h agoNear-death experiences can be graphically represented through a hybrid approach, and this method reveals consistent visual patterns, including conical forms and elliptic arcs, that are correlated with specific perceptual qualities.
6696h agoStronger connections between certain brain regions predict better or worse working memory performance in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals.
6696h agoThe centromedial dorsal raphe nucleus contains neurons that are vulnerable to pathologically-phosphorylated tau, showing increased excitability that promotes tau accumulation and depressive-like behaviors.
6696h agoA single neural network can model and compute a wide range of solid-state materials, reducing computational costs and potentially accelerating the design of next-generation materials.
6700h agoTraining a transferable neural wavefunction reduces the computational cost by approximately 50-fold for calculating variations of crystalline materials such as graphene and lithium hydride.
6700h agoActivation of PPAR, PPARγ, and PGC-1 reduces photoreceptor death in retinitis pigmentosa, while their inhibition or imbalance in energy metabolism leads to photoreceptor degeneration.
6700h agoBurst suppression in EEG patterns occurs when biological complexity is lost, particularly in simplified excitatory networks, and reflects near-complete loss of complexity in severe cases.
6700h agoJAKMIP1 modulates neuronal IL-6/STAT3 signaling, and its deficiency impairs IL-6-induced neuritogenesis, suggesting a link between this gene and the inflammatory landscape of autism spectrum disorder.
6700h agoSerotonin acts on 5-HT1BR receptors in the dorsomedial striatum to recruit medium spiny neuron activity in response to reward and to inhibit activity during waiting periods, modulating goal-directed behavior.
6700h agoPregnancy increases feeding behavior in mice by activating the mesolimbic dopamine system, which promotes hedonic feeding and sensitivity to food deprivation.
6700h agoMusical experience and active engagement with music predict the effect of auditory motor paired associative stimulation on corticospinal excitability, with non-musicians showing more facilitation than musicians.
6700h agoThe frontal lobe integrates social information in natural settings, combining motor control and social cognition.
6700h agoHeartbeat sound promotes the maturation of human brain cells and their organization by activating a specific mechanism in astrocytes that leads to changes in the brain's structure and function.
6700h agoHumans learn to resolve temporal uncertainty through observation, and this learning process shapes the neural response to observed threats in the brain.
6700h agoA network of frontal brain areas supports abstract formal reasoning in humans, and this network is distinct from those that support fluid intelligence, language, physical reasoning, and social reasoning.
6704h agoA new MRI approach called CSF-iDDxI maps cerebrospinal fluid production in the brain by tracking changes in fluid signal, and shows that acetazolamide suppresses this production.
6704h agoA standard model of neural circuitry in the retina explains many aspects of early visual processing and produces a diversity of neural computations with different parameters.
6708h agoA new framework called Biophysical-Model-Informed Source Separation (BMISS) accurately extracts neural drive information from surface electromyography (sEMG) by integrating anatomically accurate models.
6708h agoBrains and language models may share similar internal representations of the world, with models that improve and get bigger tending to represent the real world in similar ways to brains.
6708h agoThe dynamic threshold curve (DTC) represents the effective likelihood that noise will generate a spike in excitable systems, and its peaks, troughs, and slopes convey information about spike timing in response to noise.
6708h agoSelf-supervised learning benefits from a novel approach called POYO-SSL, which improves performance on neural data by pretraining on predictable neurons and fine-tuning on unpredictable ones.
6708h agoEEG conveys only tens of bits per sample about low-dimensional neural activity, with information saturating at around 64-128 electrodes and limited more by measurement physics than algorithmic complexity.
6708h agoThe Free Energy Principle can be realized through exact local credit assignment, which enables self-organizing systems to minimize variational free energy and persist.
6708h agoDeep learning models outperform classical approaches in forecasting neural activity, producing informative forecasts up to 1.5 seconds into the future.
6708h agoA continuous-time neural model unifies several biologically plausible learning algorithms, allowing networks to stably learn at biological timescales even under temporal mismatches and integration noise.
6708h agoVariables related to intensity and training variability best predict success in learning to categorize sounds, and training changes brain activity in areas related to speech and motor skills.
6708h agoThe brain forms task-specific pathways through specific constraints, including routing costs and randomized expert dropout, that encourage pathway formation, rather than through the actions of heterogeneous regions alone.
6708h agoA single population of spiking neurons can learn to predict what will happen, when it will happen, and with what probability through a biologically plausible three-factor Hebbian rule.
6708h agoGeneral fractional dynamics uses general fractional calculus to study non-local properties of dynamical systems, and researchers propose the concept of "general nonlocal maps" as exact solutions to equations with general fractional integrals and derivatives.
6708h agoThe nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation on a metric star graph has soliton solutions that propagate without reflection, conserving energy and momentum.
6708h agoThe escape dynamics in an open circular billiard under gravity transition from fully chaotic to non-hyperbolic as particle energy increases, marked by the emergence of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser islands.
6708h agoElectrocardiogram complexity differs between healthy and diseased individuals, and adding complexity measures to machine learning models improves classification accuracy.
6708h agoA collision between a Nielsen-Olesen vortex and antivortex reveals a chaotic pattern with bounce windows in the deep type II regime.
6708h agoThe spectrum of a PT-symmetric periodic Schrodinger operator, which is a small perturbation of the zero potential, has lacunae that are shaped like ellipses with focal points at the branch points of the spectral curve.
6708h agoComputer simulations of lasers and photonic devices have progressed together with their development, demonstrating nonlinear features such as stability and instability, bifurcations, chaos, and solitons, which correspond to laboratory experiments with various applications.
6708h agoThe deformed type $D_{2N}$ map is integrable for $N\geq3$ and its degree growth can be studied via the tropical method.
6708h agoLarge localised waves can appear as transient states in the evolution of inward-propagating waves, contributing to the possible mechanisms for the generation of rogue waves.
6708h agoThe Liouvillian spectrum provides a unified framework for understanding relaxation and irreversibility in closed many-body quantum systems, with the long-time exponential decay of the out-of-time-order correlator occurring at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
6708h agoOverparameterization changes the loss landscape of a simple learning problem, shifting the point at which the initialization becomes informative or uninformative about a planted signal, and can allow for information retrieval at a lower signal-to-noise ratio.
6708h agoRare system-wide resonances play a key role in the stability of the many-body localization phase, and three distinct regimes - ergodic, intermediate, and robust localized phases - are identified based on the influence of these resonances.
6708h agoTensor factorizations can be based on sparse measurements of tensor components, which is useful for cases with a substantial amount of missing data, such as in recommendation systems.
6708h agoThe boundary between classically simulable and superior quantum systems can be controlled by adjusting the proportion of certain gates in a quantum circuit, allowing for the creation of powerful and trainable quantum machine learning systems.
6708h agoIncorporating quantum-enhanced operations allows for reliable quantum information transmission through noisy channels, as it triggers a phase transition from recoverable to irrecoverable states.
6708h agoThe motion of dopants in magnetic spin lattices is localized at nonzero temperatures due to an emergent disordered potential, and only delocalizes at zero temperature, with its diffusion behavior following a non-monotonic pattern.
6708h agoThe Liouvillian spectrum provides a unified framework for understanding relaxation and irreversibility in closed many-body quantum systems, with the long-time exponential decay of the out-of-time-order correlator occurring at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
6708h agoMotor imagery is correlated with changes in heart rhythmicity and brain connectivity within the motor network, influencing sensorimotor function and learning.
6708h agoActivation of A1 adenosine receptors suppresses hyperexcitation in neuronal networks, offering potential protection against excitotoxic death of neurons in central nervous system pathologies.
6708h agoThe cortex encodes sensory input by transforming feedforward signals into prediction-error-like signals through a balanced interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
6708h agoCardiac sympathetic activity relates to cerebral blood flow regulation and ventilatory status, particularly in elderly individuals with impaired cerebrovascular control.
6708h agoA new gene editing strategy allows for the reduction of dopamine receptors in three rodent species, enabling the investigation of the dopaminergic system across different species.
6708h agoLipid metabolic disturbances in the substantia nigra pars reticulata disrupt basal ganglia circuit integrity, leading to dopaminergic disinhibition and behavioral changes similar to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
6708h agoParkinson's disease risk genes are specifically expressed at brain barriers and enriched in brain regions associated with the disease.
6708h agoHumans can dissociate neural input to the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles during isometric contractions, but only partly, with the proximal region of vastus medialis showing distinct activation profiles.
6708h agoC. elegans uses lipidated neurohormones to combine information about fat metabolism and neurotransmitters, driving changes in behavior in response to food removal.
6708h agoWorking memory uses a mix of abstract and sensory-like representations, and remains susceptible to interference from new sensory inputs that share features with the information being remembered.
6708h agoColor perceptions change more quickly in some parts of the color spectrum, like near yellow, than others, like near green, and these differences appear early in the brain's processing of color.
6708h agoOASIS, a new platform, enables precise genome editing and subcellular visualization in oligodendrocytes, allowing for specific tagging and labeling of proteins in these cells across the brain.
6712h agoBringing the hand near a visual stimulus enhances visual processing in the early visual cortex by sharpening orientation selectivity when the hand is visible and broadens it when the hand is occluded.
6712h agoAs humans learn a multi-scale environment, they shift from using local cues to global representations, and different brain areas, including the hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex, play distinct roles in encoding spatial information at different stages of learning.
6712h agoCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from sensory neurons induces IL-33 production by macrophages, which in turn promotes endometriotic lesion growth and pain.
6712h agoExpression of dysfunctional TDP-43 protein leads to deficits in the proteostasis network, and mice with this dysfunction have a worse response to traumatic brain injury.
6716h agoEstrogen therapy helps maintain brain health in menopausal women by supporting proteins crucial for synaptic function and metabolism, and by reducing decline in mitochondrial energy production.
6716h agoAdolescent intermittent ethanol exposure increases amyloid-beta levels in multiple brain regions of female rats, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus, and this effect lasts into old age.
6716h agoAdvanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging methods detect differences in white matter tracts of the visual system in patients with glaucoma, and these differences correlate with clinical ophthalmological parameters.
6716h agoAstrocyte p75NTR plays a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's Disease by regulating cholesterol metabolism, which helps to reduce Abeta burden and cognitive impairment.
6716h agoHigher concentrations and longer exposure to beta-amyloid cause more toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, which are commonly used to study Alzheimer's disease.
6716h agoSleep and circadian rhythms affect brain connectivity, which differs between brain states and is modulated by sleep history and circadian phase, and changes in brain connectivity predict alertness and working memory accuracy.
6716h agoCRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in sensory neurons reduces pain behaviors in mice by efficiently disrupting target genes, enabling a new approach to study pain mechanisms and validate therapeutic targets.
6716h agoMulti-contact cuff electrodes can selectively activate motor fibers of the pudendal nerve to control urinary incontinence by recruiting specific muscles.
6716h agoGhrelin levels and homeostatic states have little effect on human risky decision-making.
6716h agoImplicit recalibration is directly shaped by explicit aiming strategies, and they interact in a sub-additive way after accounting for spatial and temporal dynamics.
6716h agoFunctional connectivity-based models robustly discriminate between well-defined brain states across different acquisition sites with high classification accuracy.
6720h agoLoss of TDP-43 causes widespread dysregulation of mRNA splicing, mRNA 3′ end cleavage, and polyadenylation, influencing mRNA metabolism and protein expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
6724h agoTDP-43 loss of function induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events that increase RNA stability and lead to higher protein levels.
6724h agoTDP-43 controls alternative polyadenylation, impacting expression of disease-linked genes.
6724h agoAttention is crucial for short-term musical learning and prediction, but not required for musical prediction based on long-term exposure to music styles.
6724h agoIncreasing calcium concentration shifts neurotransmitter release at amphibian neuromuscular junctions from a Poisson to a tight binomial distribution, and a fast autoinhibitory response limits the maximum level of depolarisation, resulting in a low variance of release.
6724h agoThe brain encodes semantic distances between conceptual knowledge mainly through changes in oscillation frequency in the left language region, particularly the anterior temporal lobe, with higher conceptual similarity between words linked to accelerated brain rhythms.
6724h agoInhibitory interneurons in the primary visual thalamus use both local and global dendritic activation to perform spatially-organized motion processing that is feature-selective and size-dependent.
6724h agoOcular activity tracks acoustic speech features, not speech intelligibility, and this tracking may be a hard-wired mechanism that does not require visual experience to develop.
6724h agoMental manipulation involves inhibiting the sensory cortex and engaging memory and control networks in a coordinated way.
6724h agoShort association fibers emerge before sulcal folding in the fetal brain, initially forming flat pathways that later reorganize into U-shaped bundles as they mature in a sensorimotor-to-association gradient.
6724h agoLV-volume oscillations drive undulating cerebrospinal fluid flow in the brain, which is crucial for brain clearance, and are generated by cortical blood-volume changes caused by neuronal activity, heartbeat, and respiration.
6724h agoThe mossy fiber synapse uses its unique structural and functional properties, including multiple active zones and loose coupling of calcium channels, to filter out non-informative dentate activity and reliably generate spikes in postsynaptic CA3 neurons.
6724h agoImpairing astrocyte calcium signaling in the nucleus accumbens core increases reward motivation and valuation, leading to enhanced self-administration of sucrose and cocaine.
6724h agoLIS1 depletion from projection neurons causes motor deficits and rapid lethality with progressive axonal degeneration, while LIS1 depletion from astrocytes is not lethal.
6724h agoGrid cell activity can be decoded to provide spatial information using a novel framework that combines topology and path-lifting to reconstruct trajectories in physical space.
6732h agoThe study presents a model that explains how the brain switches between two competing visual images, showing that the transition between awareness and suppression follows a hysteretic pattern.
6732h agoShort-term synaptic depression provides an intrinsic self-regulating mechanism for balanced networks, sustaining irregular yet stable activity without the need for external inputs.
6732h agoSpurious overlaps in Hopfield-type associative memory models reduce the mean synaptic inputs to neurons, which increases storage capacity through sparse network activity.
6732h agoTransformer models can learn Granger causality in complex networks, capturing causal relationships among neurons with accuracy equal to or better than traditional methods.
6732h agoA WaveNet-based deep learning model accurately classifies EEG signals into physiological, pathological, artifact, and noise categories with high precision, outperforming previous approaches.
6732h agoA small number of correlations between brain regions explain most of the variance in neural activity, allowing for a highly compressible prediction of large-scale brain activity.
6732h agoThe brain's structural network is organized into modules of mixed cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions, with highly connected hub areas in the subcortex centralizing communication pathways.
6732h agoNormative modelling estimates population-level benchmarks in brain structure to quantify individual deviations from expected distributions.
6732h agoAbstraction in neural networks depends on both the depth of the network and the breadth of the training data.
6732h agoThe study finds that multi-soliton dynamics in electromagnetically induced transparency systems exhibit nonlinear phenomena such as temporal asymmetry, energy trapping, and soliton interactions, which have implications for quantum memory, slow light, and photonic data transport.
6732h agoChaotic models can be made to have unlimited predictability horizon, producing error-free time series, by using analytic computations.
6732h agoThe magnetic field lines in a stellarator behave differently depending on the toroidal flux, with field lines in certain regions striking the wall after a varying number of transits or escaping quickly.
6732h agoA quasi-integrable deformation of the three-particle open Toda chain retains energy and momentum conservation and admits a quasi-conserved higher-order integral under certain symmetries.
6732h agoA state-selection principle is at work in a far-from-equilibrium system, where the system spontaneously selects a long-range ordered array that maximizes its collective light absorption.
6732h agoThe study of predictability of complex systems aims to determine the limits of prediction accuracy and has evolved over the past few decades to integrate data-driven and mechanistic perspectives.
6732h agoTwo pinning control approaches, additive and parametric, are equivalent for controlling synchronization in weakly coupled nonlinear systems with periodic oscillations.
6732h agoSocial interaction amplifies the accuracy of group decisions, with both majority and plurality rules exceeding the accuracy of any single voter under certain conditions.
6732h agoCognitive strategies can reduce a species' abundance due to cyclic dominance, but an optimal decision threshold of attacking when target individuals exceed 15% locally helps balance risk and long-term persistence.
6732h agoParticles with certain mass ratios evolve in a hydrodynamic way, with the rightmost particle moving as $t^{\delta}$, recoiled particles entering the negative half-axis, and the splatter eventually taking over the whole energy of the system.
6732h agoShort-term synaptic depression provides an intrinsic self-regulating mechanism for balanced networks, sustaining irregular yet stable activity without the need for external inputs.
6732h agoHigher-order transverse discontinuity mapping overcomes pitfalls of locally linearizing hybrid nonlinear dynamical systems, allowing for better estimation of impact occurrence times and state transitions.
6732h agoA new methodology uses entropy and clustering to identify systems likely to experience chaotic itinerancy and finds quasi-stable states and chaotic transition states in these systems.
6732h agoA new framework called Specific Object-of-Interest Imaging (SIOI) helps improve image inpainting by extracting and encoding object-level representations, leading to better results and robustness in challenging conditions.
6732h agoThe complexified Kuramoto model exhibits finite-time blow-up behavior and various types of synchronization, including full phase locking, under certain conditions of coupling strength and number of oscillators.
6732h agoSocial media's impact on society is unclear because observational studies and randomized controlled trials produce conflicting results, but a combination of both approaches can provide a clearer understanding of its effects.
6732h agoDark photons can be efficiently produced in the early universe through their coupling to an oscillating axion field when the axion potential is shallower than quadratic at large field values.
6732h agoSpin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling undergo phase transitions in their ground state when exposed to gradient magnetic fields, transforming excited states into ground states under certain conditions.
6732h agoThe Mean Information Gain (MIG) metric quantifies emergence in complex systems by measuring the lack of information about other elements, and it differentiates behavioral classes in agent-based models.
6732h agoThe brain's neural network, modeled as a dynamical system, inherently operates out of equilibrium, producing entropy that changes over time due to its stochastic processes.
6732h agoA Lagrangian dynamical model captures human mobility dynamics using local population functions, showing inertia and dissipation are equally important in movement.
6732h agoTemporal noise that is constant within a Floquet period leads to decoherence-free momentum subspaces in the bulk of periodically driven, discrete-step quantum walks, but destroys coherence when fully random or at topological edge states.
6732h agoSpiked cross-covariance models show a phase transition in signal recovery, where the leading singular values of the sample cross-covariance matrix suddenly emerge, revealing limits on the performance of Partial Least Squares (PLS) compared to the Bayes-optimal estimator.
6732h agoThe spectral properties of sparse asymmetric correlation matrices evolve as the asymmetry parameter changes from nearly symmetric to nearly antisymmetric.
6732h agoThe Ising spin glass in five spatial dimensions shows a phase transition with and without an externally applied magnetic field, and has a lower critical dimension at zero magnetic field consistent with previous estimates.
6732h agoA family of neural networks with built-in symmetry outperforms existing methods for solving quantum spin liquid problems and allows exploration of complex Hamiltonians.
6732h agoAbstraction in neural networks depends on both the depth of the network and the breadth of the training data.
6732h agoCombining photons, phase-shifters, and an interferometer creates a system described by a Hopfield-like Hamiltonian, which models associative memory and shows a transition from memory retrieval to memory black-out as stored memory increases.
6732h agoThe new type of one-dimensional Kitaev chain with staggered p-wave superconducting pairing exhibits three physical regimes, including a topologically nontrivial phase with two Majorana zero modes and a regime with four unprotected nonzero-energy edge modes.
6732h agoThe mixed state projected ensemble (MSPE) reveals a new kind of universality in quantum equilibration called deep thermalization, where mixed states in a local region tend towards limiting distributions depending on the system's symmetries and measurements in the complementary region.
6732h agoWavefront shaping enhances optical sensitivity in diffuse optical imaging by creating interference patterns that boost light-matter interactions, allowing for deeper tissue penetration.
6732h agoSensory noise during visual processing limits working memory capacity, and higher levels of sensory noise predict lower working memory capacity in both healthy adults and those with schizophrenia.
6732h agoDance Movement Therapy improves the quality of life, satisfaction with life, and personal well-being of healthy adults aged over 65, especially in terms of overall quality of life and social relationships.
6732h agoA novel computational framework creates accurate models of retinal ganglion cell mosaics, enabling the computation of how visual performance is shaped by the representation of visual information provided by these cells.
6732h agoThe outer retina uses a combination of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells to enable contrast-invariant coding of visual information, with photoreceptors and bipolar cells sufficient for this task.
6732h agoDystrophin has distinct spatial expression patterns in different brain regions and cell types, and a gene therapy approach using U7ex51 can effectively restore full-length dystrophin isoforms in the brain.
6732h agoAlzheimer's disease starts with changes in astrocyte function, specifically in the parts of astrocytes near synapses, affecting protein production and leading to inflammation and stress.
6732h agoNeural entrainment to speech is stronger for sharper phonemes, and generic oscillatory dynamics in cortical populations can generate this effect.
6732h agoA biologically inspired deep neural network model called the Visual Cortex Amygdala (VCA) model accurately predicts human emotion ratings and aligns with human amygdala activity in response to complex visual scenes.
6732h agoDisruptions in brain criticality, excitation-inhibition balance, and complexity of brain dynamics are associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and these changes can be used to accurately classify MDD patients.
6736h agoAstrocytes in the ventral striatum help regulate decision-making by influencing the balance of brain signals and sharing error information across brain cells.
6736h agoThe Hebbian learning rule enables brain networks to select connections with delays that match the period of their oscillations, optimizing signal transmission.
6736h agoThe brain represents the direction of observed actions across multiple regions, from early sensory areas to higher-order parietal and frontal cortices, even when accounting for basic features of the actions.
6736h agoObjects from the same scene context are coded more similarly in the brain than objects from different contexts, even when they are viewed in isolation.
6736h agoParenthood changes the male brain to improve processing of infant sounds, with increased prolactin signaling playing a key role in this change.
6736h agoLesions in frontal and motor cortical regions predict spontaneous seizure occurrence in focal cortical dysplasia type II, and this condition causes considerable expansion and reduced neuronal density in the affected brain tissue.
6736h agoSchizophrenia alters delta oscillations because of changed expression of calcium channel genes in pyramidal neurons.
6736h agoAbnormal activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, particularly in the frontoparietal and default mode networks, is associated with neglect severity and spatial attentional bias in patients with chronic left spatial neglect.
6736h agoImagining actions involves separate skills that are hard to measure, and having a strong ability in one area does not necessarily mean having a strong ability in the others.
6736h agoThe hippocampus has distinct clusters with different connections to other parts of the brain, which provides new insights into how it interacts with the rest of the brain.
6740h agoA layered control architecture in the lateral accessory lobes arbitrates between goal pursuit and stimulus-driven overrides, using a dorsal pathway to amplify movement towards a goal and a faster ventral pathway to redirect movement in response to threats.
6740h agoA machine learning approach using multi-modal MRI identifies presymptomatic carriers of genetic frontotemporal dementia at high risk of disease onset within the next two years.
6740h agoReduced myelin gene expression in the prefrontal cortex alters initial sensitivity to alcohol and decreases alcohol consumption.
6740h agoSerotonergic psychedelics, such as LSD and psilocybin, cause changes in brain activity by reducing leak membrane potassium conductance, leading to increased firing rates and altered spectral power.
6740h agoNeurons form more elaborate networks on striped surfaces made of a specific polymer, and they tend to grow and stay within this polymer region, avoiding another type of polymer.
6740h agoHuman cortical function shows robust relationships between intersubject synchronization and sensory-transmodal gradients, especially in visual, attention, and default mode networks, during naturalistic movie watching.
6740h agoComplex pre-movement interactions across brain areas coordinate distributed networks to produce precise and consistent actions by coupling and decoupling neural populations.
6740h agoCorticosterone drives a microglia-neuron interaction in females during ketamine anesthesia recovery, leading to neuronal changes through upregulation of Fkbp5/FKBP51.
6740h agoEmbryonic exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticide induces lasting social deficits in zebrafish by suppressing neuronal genes and disrupting the gut microbiome, and butyrate, a gut microbiome metabolite, can rescue these deficits by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1.
6740h agoDecreasing brain entropy within the action-mode network serves as a key developmental marker in children, signifying a shift from externally driven processing to more internalized thought processes.
6740h agoContactin-associated protein (CASPR) acts as a signal for the removal of damaged axon debris in peripheral nerve injury by promoting its uptake by Schwann cells and macrophages.
6740h agoPractice-based motor skill learning can be understood as a form of policy-gradient reinforcement learning, which captures key properties of human skill learning across a range of tasks.
6744h agoThe CGRP receptor plays a role in Alzheimer's disease by regulating neuroinflammation through a specific axis involving CALCRL, HDAC11, LXRβ, and ABCA1.
6744h agoThe Multiarrangement toolkit collects human similarity judgments for video stimuli by having participants arrange subsets of stimuli in a 2D arena to reflect perceived dissimilarity.
6744h agoLeptin-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus encode anxiogenic stimuli and help animals overcome anxiety in threatening situations.
6748h agoOxytocin enhances heart rate variability linked to breathing during recovery from stress through a hypothalamus–brainstem pathway for parasympathetic control of the heart.
6748h agoDNMT1 regulates dendritic and axonal branching in developing cortical excitatory neurons by operating as a cytosolic scaffold that interacts with DOCK7 to modulate signaling, microtubule dynamics, and organelle trafficking.
6752h agoThe State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 provides an overview of recent achievements in brain emulation, identifying key opportunities and challenges in the field.
6756h agoThe Generative Episodic-Semantic Integration System (GENESIS) model explains how semantic and episodic memory interact to support learning, recall, and imagination through the interplay of two limited-capacity generative systems.
6756h agoSpikeFit, a novel training method for Spiking Neural Networks, enables efficient inference on neuromorphic hardware by co-optimizing model weights and allowed discrete weight values, resulting in higher network compression efficiency and lower energy use.
6756h agoThe amplitudes of associative memories in distributed systems follow evolution equations that describe how memories are recalled in space and time.
6756h agoFunctional differentiation in the brain emerges as distinct regions specialize, and a novel approach using recurrent neural networks shows that minimizing mutual information between neural subgroups yields high task performance alongside clear functional modularity.
6756h agoNeural oscillations in different brain regions show coordinated activity during a memory task, and a new statistical method can identify the dominant patterns of interaction between these regions.
6756h agoMachine learning methods, such as deep learning and data-driven equation discovery, are being integrated with nonlinear wave studies to enable mathematical discoveries and computational capabilities.
6756h agoAgents produce goods in a synchronized way when they cooperate in producing one type of good, and the production of another good helps stabilize this synchronized dynamics.
6756h agoCoupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with nonlinear functions exhibit synchronization that depends on the study of a non-autonomous linear system, requiring novel tools to analyze synchronization on both undirected and directed networks.
6756h agoStatistical physics provides a framework for analyzing complex dynamics on socio-technological systems, where individuals and machines compete for attention, leading to misinformation cascades, echo-chamber reinforcement, and opinion polarization.
6756h agoThree versions of a global piecewise Carleman embedding technique are proposed to linearize nonlinear differential equations, allowing for convergence in regions with multiple fixed points.
6756h agoTurbulent motions near walls are self-sustaining at all scales, with inner and outer motions being independent of each other and influencing each other through top-down and bottom-up interactions, with pressure playing a key bridging role.
6756h agoThe amplitudes of associative memories in distributed systems follow evolution equations that describe how memories are recalled in space and time.
6756h agoA Hawking time crystal forms through the self-amplification of spontaneous Hawking radiation, characterized by a periodic correlation function and the emission of pairs of dispersive waves and solitons.
6756h agoFunctional differentiation in the brain emerges as distinct regions specialize, and a novel approach using recurrent neural networks shows that minimizing mutual information between neural subgroups yields high task performance alongside clear functional modularity.
6756h agoThe long-time dynamics of a single lattice site observable can determine if a many-body quantum system exhibits quantum chaos.
6756h agoVariational methods with neural network quantum states accurately represent complex wavefunctions and estimate critical exponents by adiabatically continuing eigenstates into the strongly correlated regime.
6756h agoLead-free ceramics with varying levels of Li and Ta substitution exhibit a phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal as Ta concentration increases, affecting their microstructure, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties.
6756h agoA neural network model detects phase transitions and classifies hidden patterns in a 1D replication process by extracting hierarchical structures from raw data.
6756h agoFriction controls the compaction dynamics of granular materials subjected to cyclic shear by both stabilizing and fluidizing them, with a friction-dependent crossover strain separating aging and fluidized regimes.
6756h agoThe universal behaviors of critical phenomena in quantum Hall transitions are not consistent across experiments, theoretical models, and numerical methods. (or rephrased to) The thickness of quasi-2D Weyl semimetal systems affects the universality of quantum Hall transitions, causing a deviation from 2D behavior and a crossover to 3D behavior. I changed it to put the key idea at the front, and used simple words and active voice. Let me know if you want any further changes!
6756h agoThe Rosenzweig-Porter model's phase diagram and localization properties remain robust when its random matrix is changed from Gaussian to Wishart type.
6756h agoA quantum annealing approach estimates the ground state energy of the Sherrington-Kirpatrick mean field spin glass model with a fast algorithm that reaches close to the ground state quickly.
6756h agoThe amplitudes of associative memories in distributed systems follow evolution equations that describe how memories are recalled in space and time.
6756h agoThe effective central charge and boundary entropy decrease under renormalization group flow for measurement-dominated criticality in two-dimensional classical and one-dimensional quantum systems.
6756h agoGrid cells in the brain contain a periodic spatial code that can be decoded using topology to extract information about an animal's location and reconstruct its path in physical space.
6756h agoBiological systems, such as the brain's early sensory systems, use collective computations among many individual actors to efficiently perform complex tasks, like predicting future sensory information.
6756h agoA novel restraint system allows for high-quality brain imaging in awake rats without anesthesia, reducing stress and improving animal comfort.
6756h agoThe mouse visual system uses a hierarchical organization of brain circuits to process visual information, with different areas and cell types playing specific roles in detecting image changes.
6756h agoFIB-SEM reconstructions typically show more synapses than microtome sliced reconstructions, with an increase of over 40% in the number of human-visible synapses.
6772h agoMicroglia quickly clear dying rod photoreceptors and reduce oxidative stress in the retina, and their absence leads to increased oxidative stress and cell death in other retinal cells.
6772h agoThe transcriptome of a brain cell encodes its identity and responses to environmental stimuli, with cell types largely staying stable despite changes in activity states, and activity and circadian rhythm driving distinct transcriptional responses.
6772h agoMouse Off Transient alpha cells respond best to simple, uniform inputs and are suppressed by complex spatial patterns due to specific circuit mechanisms involving localized inhibition and short-term plasticity.
6772h agoThe insula helps people understand emotions across individuals by disentangling codes for emotion and person, allowing for cross-person generalization of emotion.
6772h agoMotor representations and population dynamics vary across frontal motor cortices, with task information heterogeneously distributed across the cortical surface and in depth, and neural populations with similar dynamics composed of neurons with high task information.
6772h agoA 3D assembloid model called Masteroid recapitulates Alzheimer's disease progression, exhibiting hallmark pathologies such as amyloid-beta deposits, tau aggregation, and neurodegeneration, and reveals novel roles of IGFBP pathways in disease mechanisms.
6772h agoPreserved GABAergic function supports cognitive resilience in aging degus, with those having good burrowing performance showing robust hippocampal activity and those with poor performance exhibiting reduced activity.
6772h agoMotor memory replay occurs during both slow-wave sleep and REM sleep, and involves the modulation of neural activity in the primary motor cortex and hippocampus.
6772h agoA specific population of neurons in the central amygdala helps control suckling behavior in newborn mice by connecting with brain areas that manage oral movements and reward.
6776h agoGC maturation depends on the repressive function of the Sin3A/Hdac1 complex, which silences Sox2 and Atoh1 to ensure orderly progression through developmental stages.
6800h agoAstrocyte development follows a two-phase program, with the first phase involving convergent differentiation mediated by the CEH-43 transcription factor, and the second phase, astrocyte maturation, also controlled by CEH-43.
6800h agoIntermittent hypoxia disrupts cerebellar angiogenesis, causing changes in vascular networks and gene expression, which can contribute to long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in preterm infants.
6800h agoDLK signaling activation after spinal cord injury promotes neuronal death and worsens recovery in male mice, but not females, highlighting a need for sex-specific understanding of molecular mechanisms.
6800h agoElevated cortical iron levels are found in specific areas of the brain in individuals with schizophrenia, particularly in the left temporo-parieto-occipital junction.
6800h agoDisengagement from listening due to external and internal distractions decreases neural speech tracking, and this decrease occurs when speech is masked by background noise.
6800h agoStress-related biochemical systems contribute to the incubation of drug-seeking behavior, with adaptations in noradrenergic systems representing a common substrate across different substances.
6800h agoA new framework for homeostatic reinforcement learning shows that trial-by-trial adjustments and extinction learning enable anticipatory regulation of physiological variables, and reveals how uneven regulatory priorities can lead to system-wide failure to return to a normal state.
6800h agoPopulation activity in a specific area of the brain, called the superior precentral sulcus, encodes and retains information about memorized items, and this activity predicts errors in memory.
6800h agoActions are organized like sentences because they share the same brain resources, specifically in the basal ganglia, which enables the use of tools and language in a similar hierarchical structure.
6800h agoIndividuals born very preterm have reduced surface area and cortical folding in certain brain regions, which persists across development and is linked to poorer motor outcomes.
6800h agoGaze dynamics cause errors in self-motion perception, with heading estimates shifting towards the direction of eye motion and growing with horizontal gaze eccentricity and speed.
6800h agoEarly neuronal activity inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation, and reduced neuronal activity increases differentiation by relieving this inhibition.
6800h agoDifferent parts of the brain respond to rewards and penalties, with some areas reacting more to potential rewards and others to potential penalties, influencing how people make decisions and take action.
6800h agoThe brain uses different processes to translate a spatial map into action, involving the retrosplenial complex and temporo-parietal junction, and is affected by perspective shift, rotation angle, and their congruency.
6800h agoMicroglia regulate memory accessibility in infancy and their dysfunction contributes to the lack of infantile amnesia, with their activity during a specific postnatal window modulating infant memory persistence.
6800h agoThe brain uses its knowledge of motion to form anticipatory representations of moving objects, leading to reduced neural activity strength and systematic shifts in the neural representation of orientation.
6804h agoLower layer 5b extratelencephalic neurons (L-ETN) in the motor cortex encode activity in both movement-null and movement-potent subspaces, and do not preferentially contribute to movement-potent subspace.
6804h agoEmotions are organized into categories in the brain, with 15 different emotional states, including positive, negative, and neutral ones, represented in a similar way in both subjective experience and brain activity.
6804h agoPolyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for normal sensitivity to painful heat.
6804h agoIndividual differences in melanopsin-dependent light sensitivity relate to chronotype in adults in a sex and age-specific way, but not in children.
6808h agoExperience-driven shifts in paw preference in mice arise from asymmetric cholinergic modulation between the two hemispheres, enabling motor flexibility.
6808h agoA gene therapy strategy combining a virus with an artificial microRNA can suppress a faulty gene, delay disease onset, and improve survival in mice with a genetic form of ALS.
6808h agoCalcium imaging data can be accurately analyzed using models that account for its unique characteristics, leading to improved inference of neural population activity.
6808h agoObject recognition relies on feedforward processing in the ventral visual stream, but when this is insufficient, additional brain networks are rapidly recruited to help solve the task.
6808h agoNeuronal assemblies defined by coordinated firing at high temporal resolution exhibit regular temporal dynamics and are sufficient for accurately representing complex auditory stimuli.
6808h agoDifferent cognitive states reorganize large-scale functional networks based on their geometric and hierarchical organization in the brain.
6808h agoExcitatory microstructural changes, specifically reduced spine density and weakened neck compartmentalization, can elevate neuronal excitability and contribute to the development of epilepsy.
6808h agoIntracortical microstructure profiling provides a robust approach for investigating the laminar organisation of the human cortex, effectively capturing laminar differentiation and mitigating bias-field related limitations of non-quantitative MRI.
6808h agoHyperthyroidism is associated with increased structural brain connectivity, disrupted network organization, and altered neurotransmitter systems, which may underlie perceptuomotor dysfunction.
6808h agoMild traumatic brain injury leads to depression-like behavior in female adolescent rats, but not males, and changes in certain brain chemicals may contribute to this behavior.
6808h agoThe descending neurons responsible for processing optic flow are sexually dimorphic in hoverflies, with different neural responses to visual stimuli in males and females.
6808h agoGrey matter volumes in the insula and supramarginal gyrus are associated with cognitive empathy abilities in older adults, with insula volumes linked to behavioural empathy tasks and supramarginal gyrus volumes linked to informant-reported empathy measures.
6808h agoAdolescents with Specific Learning Disorders have deficits in auditory processing, decision-making, and metacognitive self-monitoring, which affect their learning.
6808h agoChanges in ion currents during development allow primary motoneurons to alter their firing properties and participation in locomotor activity as motor control matures in developing zebrafish.
6808h agoEarly life adversity can improve certain cognitive skills, such as implicit learning, and individuals with more childhood adversity learn quicker, but current socio-economic status affects overall performance.
6808h agoAn increase in corticospinal neuron number supports more dexterous movement, with mice having more of these neurons showing greater grasping flexibility and climbing ability.
6812h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex helps resolve the cocktail party problem by encoding and separating meaningful voices from background noise during social interactions.
6816h agoA new human cell-based platform allows real-time monitoring of nerve repair and muscle function, and finds that a compound called blebbistatin can enhance nerve-muscle connection reinnervation after injury.
6816h agoPathogenic variants in SCN1A involving the same codon can produce different functional effects, including gain and loss of function properties, which affects the severity of epilepsy syndromes.
6824h agoThe brain uses regionally specific communication mechanisms that depend on complex neural oscillations to facilitate information flow between its multiple functional units.
6824h agoSleep helps consolidate motor memories by increasing beta Event Related Synchronization (ERS) over bilateral parietal areas.
6824h agoIntegrating molecular-enriched functional connectivity into brain-age prediction models improves accuracy and provides more biological insight, explaining up to 64% of age variance.
6824h agoWorking memory deploys two distinct top-down signals that operate over different timescales to shape perceptual experience, one causing a fast, brief attentional capture and the other a slower, sustained perceptual bias.
6824h agoThe study finds that long-term potentiation involves changes in synaptic structure that require activation of specific receptors, and that neighbouring inactive synapses can also undergo structural changes based on the activity of nearby active synapses.
6824h agoA compact index, DS-Qi, effectively distinguishes between pediatric epileptic encephalopathies and normal EEG readings with a high accuracy of 0.90.
6828h agoNeurocognitive-Inspired Intelligence (NII) combines insights from neuroscience, cognitive science, computer vision, and AI to develop intelligent systems that can learn quickly, adapt to changing conditions, and generalize like human cognition.
6828h agoCombining deep learning and traditional machine learning methods improves the accuracy of MRI-based diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
6828h agoMultimodal Large Language Models need to incorporate internal and external embodiment to better interact with the world and advance from current limitations.
6828h agoMicrowell microfluidics design gets automated with a new framework driven by a large language model, enabling rapid creation of diverse microwells and accurate analysis of their occupancy and shape.
6828h agoMeasurement processes of quantum systems can be reformulated as probabilistic equations expressed in terms of probabilistic state vectors that can be approximated by the neural network dynamics of the Tensor Brain model.
6828h agoInformation geometry methods can extract genuine higher-order dependencies from continuous neural recordings when paired with appropriate binarization schemes.
6828h agoThe 4E views of cognition reject the traditional sandwich model of cognition and suggest that sensorimotor contingencies offer a theoretical alternative.
6828h agoA single population of spiking neurons can jointly encode a prediction object, which includes what will happen, when it will happen, and with what probability, through a biologically grounded learning mechanism.
6828h agoInteractions between parallel brain subnetworks enable learning of semantic representations of stimuli through cross-supervision, allowing for accurate decoding comparable to supervised networks.
6828h agoThe relationship between brain activation and task performance changes from U-shaped to inverted U-shaped as brain areas shift from sensorimotor to association areas.
6828h agoThe brain operates in a nonequilibrium state, with evidence of time-irreversibility and broken detailed balance, which is linked to cognitive complexity and consciousness.
6828h agoQuantum cognition research reveals parallels between human thought patterns and quantum mechanics, and shows that human decision-making exhibits interference patterns similar to those in single, double, and triple-slit experiments, but with distinct differences in how concepts manifest in different contexts.
6828h agoTwo single-channel EEG biomarkers, ST4 and T2, reflect physiological and emotional responses to stress, with ST4 tracking arousal and cognitive strain and T2 tracking emotional and autonomic regulation.
6828h agoThe neural population activity preserves the essential mathematical structures of the tasks it supports, with grid cells constrained to a toroidal topology by independent tasks, resulting in hexagonal firing fields.
6828h agoMAPS, a new computational tool, identifies which explanations of artificial neural networks best match human vision by comparing human and model accuracies on minimal images.
6828h agoBilinear forms and Casoratian solutions are derived for fourth-order lattice Gel'fand-Dikii type equations, allowing for the extension of these equations with a parameter.
6828h agoThe asymmetric integrable turbulence in the DNLS equation exhibits oscillatory convergence towards steady-state energy values, with oscillations decaying over time and a wave-action spectrum following a power-law distribution.
6828h agoThe Kuramoto model can be exactly derived from limit-cycle oscillators with artificially designed optimal interaction functions, allowing for accurate prediction of collective synchronization dynamics.
6828h agoA fundamental bound on the thermodynamic cost of stochastic oscillators in the weak-noise regime is derived from Gaussian phase fluctuations and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.
6828h agoNon-reciprocal interactions in free-standing slender structures lead to large-scale unidirectional dynamics through persistent cycles of shape change, enabling functionalities like crawling, digging, and walking.
6828h agoLazy cellular automata have a simple dynamical behavior that depends on a unique active transition and a fixed symbol, and their order is bounded by a general formula that is attained when the active transition is a quasi-constant pattern.
6828h agoTwo approaches compute upper bounds on Lyapunov exponents, their sums, and Lyapunov dimension for dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations.
6828h agoThe Liouvillian spectrum provides a unified framework for understanding relaxation and irreversibility in closed many-body quantum systems, with the long-time exponential decay of the out-of-time-order correlator occurring at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
6828h agoBreathers in a physical system called breather gas combine into a single-breather or multi-breather solution through a phenomenon called breather shielding.
6828h agoUsing multiple reservoirs in parallel with reduced input data leads to better predictions of time series generated by spatio-temporal chaotic systems and reduces computational costs.
6828h agoVortex singularities in wave patterns are topologically stable and have universal statistical properties, including a -3 power law tail in their probability distribution function.
6828h agoA random configuration of soliton solutions to the cubic focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger equation behaves like a soliton gas solution as the number of solitons increases.
6828h agoA local offline decoder for topological codes uses a parallelized message-passing framework to decode with an average-case runtime of $O((\log L)^\eta)$ in a system of linear size $L$.
6828h agoFault-tolerant error correction in topological codes works by simulating confining interactions between excitations using a network of local classical processors.
6828h agoThe interplay between topology and nonequilibrium dynamics in open quantum systems leads to a residual topological character in the quasi-steady state, which exhibits a finite DC current when inversion symmetry is broken.
6828h agoThe Ising spin glass in five spatial dimensions shows a phase transition with and without an externally applied magnetic field.
6828h agoScientists study how disorder in a sub-space affects a conformal field theory, and find that it leads to logarithmic behavior in certain defect operators.
6828h agoEnergy-space localization in q-local Hamiltonians survives under generic time-dependent perturbations, allowing the evolving state to remain exponentially localized in an energy window of the instantaneous spectrum.
6828h agoThe Tracy-Widom distribution takes a large deviation form with a rate function that solves a Painlev\'{e} II equation, describing rare events of large fluctuations in the largest eigenvalue of a Gaussian ensemble of large random matrices.
6828h agoModerate disorder enhances conductance in flat-band systems like twisted bilayer graphene, but stronger disorder restores localization.
6828h agoUnsupervised learning algorithms accurately group ground-state configurations of many-body systems into phases based on their similarity, reproducing known phase diagrams of spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chains.
6828h agoA minimal interface-scattering mechanism produces a sizable anisotropic magnetoresistance in metal/ferromagnet bilayers by creating a spin-selective phase condition that suppresses backscattering for one spin projection while enhancing momentum relaxation for the other.
6828h agoThe Liouvillian spectrum provides a unified framework for understanding relaxation and irreversibility in closed many-body quantum systems, with the long-time exponential decay of the out-of-time-order correlator occurring at a rate equal to twice the intrinsic Liouvillian gap.
6828h agoExcitons in two-dimensional materials have a tunable resonant mixing of states, which can be controlled by subband splitting and enables optical detection of spin coupling.
6828h agoThe brain operates in a nonequilibrium state, with evidence of time-irreversibility and broken detailed balance, which is linked to cognitive complexity and consciousness.
6828h agoVortex singularities in wave patterns are topologically stable and have universal statistical properties, including a -3 power law tail in their probability distribution function.
6828h agoA framework for characterizing higher-order topological phases uses the one-particle density matrix to directly identify bulk and boundary topology without needing an underlying Hamiltonian.
6828h agoThe two-star random graph model has a set of auxiliary variables that control its thermodynamic limit as the number of vertices tends to infinity.
6828h agoAPOE4 expression leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets in oligodendrocytes, causing decreased myelination, by decreasing Wnt signaling and increasing GSK3b activity.
6832h agoChanges in neurotransmitter usage drive evolutionary adaptations in neural circuits, and monoamine functions differ in controlling host-finding and dispersal behavior in the predatory nematode Pristionchus pacificus.
6832h agoAutistic traits in people without autism affect how their brains process social information, with areas in the temporal cortex, particularly the superior temporal gyrus, playing a key role in modulating responses to social features.
6832h agoChanges in presynaptic release probability at synapses determine the need for sleep, and this probability decreases with sleep loss and recovers after sleep.
6832h agoAmyloid-beta 42 oligomers trigger a signalling cascade that upregulates TREK1, which serves as a critical brake on neuronal hyperexcitability and helps restore synaptic balance in Alzheimer's Disease.
6832h agoPredictive expectations sharpen neural representations of visual stimuli only when the stimuli are attended and the associated auditory inputs are expected, and the effect is stronger when people have explicit knowledge of the associations.
6836h agoThe Spiking Tolman-Eichenbaum Machine model learns grid-like codes and place codes through spike-based computation and biologically realistic dynamics, reproducing key spatial and temporal coding phenomena in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit.
6836h agoFluorescence intensity in immunohistochemistry staining can decrease over time, and this decrease is influenced by the selection of primary and secondary antibodies and staining methods.
6836h agoSustained alpha-band activity reflects attentional prioritization of information in working memory, rather than general memory maintenance, and unattended items transition into an activity-silent state.
6836h agoSocial interactions between mice involve coordinated activity across different brain regions, with dominant mice showing synchrony between non-homologous brain areas, and this coordination is disrupted in a model of autism.
6836h agoA specific pathway from the parabrachial complex to the extended amygdala helps the body rapidly respond to falling blood pressure, and is later followed by slower endocrine support.
6836h agoHomologous actions performed with one hand interfere with similar actions performed with the opposite hand at short intervals, but facilitate them at longer intervals.
6836h agoThe flexible deployment of cognitive control depends on rapid detection and resolution of control-prediction errors, which is associated with phase-amplitude coupling in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex.
6836h agoIncreased use of a brain area for attention-demanding tasks results in a unique pattern of whole-brain connections, whereas less used areas have more similar connections across individuals.
6836h agoMutations in the PHOX2B gene lead to changes in the transcriptional profile of neuroepithelial stem cells, affecting neuronal development and synapse organization.
6836h agoMutations in the ELOVL4 gene cause progressive cerebellar atrophy and ataxia in spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 (SCA34) by inducing microglial activation, synaptic disturbance, and degeneration of cerebellar neurons.
6836h agoThe human brain proteome is organized into distinct territories that reflect metabolic demands and functional specialization patterns, not just anatomical boundaries.
6840h agoThe cardiac cycle modulates spinal excitability, with spinal excitability peaking during late diastole and being influenced by preceding cardiac intervals.
6840h agoDeep brain stimulation inhibits local neural activity by differentially suppressing glutamate and GABA release.
6844h agoPreserved connections between the pulvinar and both the posterior superior temporal sulcus and the amygdala are necessary for affective blindsight, a condition where people can discriminate emotional stimuli without conscious awareness despite damage to the primary visual cortex.
6844h agoThe brain uses attention to distinguish between changes in object color and changes in lighting, and this process happens slowly and one item at a time.
6844h agoThe study provides resting-state functional connectivity data for 784 participants with various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, to help detect and characterise dementia.
6844h agoThe Large Perturbation Model predicts gene expression responses to chemical and genetic changes using a deep learning framework.
6848h agoECloudGen uses latent diffusion to generate electron clouds from protein pockets and decode them into molecules, expanding the chemical space accessible to generative drug design.
6848h agoA large perturbation model integrates diverse laboratory experiments to predict biological responses to chemical or genetic changes and support biological discovery tasks.
6848h agoElevating REST in cerebellar granule cell progenitors disrupts normal brain development by altering a gene's transcript diversity, leading to increased cell migration and sustained signaling through the Cxcr4 pathway.
6848h agoAlzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment show notable decreases in hippocampal thickness and gyrification, and increases in mean diffusivity, with distinct diffusion orientation shifts throughout the hippocampus.
6848h agoThe immunohistochemical reactivity of antibodies against amyloid-beta peptides differs greatly depending on the antibody used, with some antibodies staining mainly amyloid plaques and others staining more broadly.
6848h agoA mathematical model shows that neurons can produce spikes at specific phases of the theta rhythm even when the baseline membrane potential fluctuates, by using a degenerate grazing bifurcation of an asymptotically stable oscillation.
6852h agoThe Jacobian-based Nonlinearity Evaluation (JNE) metric measures the nonlinearity of brain responses to neural encoding models, revealing a hierarchical progression of nonlinear characteristics in visual cortices and stimulus-selective nonlinear response patterns in brain regions.
6852h agoArtificial Recurrent Neural Networks can be simplified into low-dimensional models that reveal their fundamental dynamics, allowing for a precise understanding of neural computations underlying behavior.
6852h agoTransforming fMRI data into videos of 2D activity maps and training Vision Transformers on them results in models that learn rich representations supporting fine-grained state decoding across subjects and subject-specific trait decoding.
6852h agoPerceptual estimates shift toward prior expectations under high stimulus noise, but away from them when sensory noise dominates, a phenomenon that can be explained by a Generative Adversarial Inference network that learns from sensory inputs.
6852h agoHippocampal sequences arise from intrinsic recurrent circuitry that acts as a temporal memory buffer for extremely sparse inputs, and this mechanism helps an agent navigate through a continuous maze using sparse egocentric visual inputs.
6852h agoReinforcement learning agents take greater risks and lack self-preservation instincts compared to biological mice in a predator-avoidance maze environment.
6852h agoAdaptation mechanisms, including spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, modulate traveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain during slow-wave sleep.
6852h agoA regulator must embody a model of the system it regulates to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the system's output.
6852h agoReservoir computing accurately predicts critical transitions in time series by mimicking the internal dynamics of the actual system.
6852h agoHigher-order interactions among multiple elements can enhance the stability of synchronized states in complex systems.
6852h agoThe study uses a data-driven approach to reconstruct the dynamics of solitary-wave interactions in the nonlinear Schrödinger model, both with and without a parabolic trapping potential.
6852h agoThe Darboux transformation of the nonlocal coupled modified complex integrable dispersionless equation yields soliton-type solutions, including periodic waves, breather-like waves, and rational solutions, with novel properties distinct from the local equation.
6852h agoZip shift maps are S-expansive and have the shadowing property, and any S-expansive local homeomorphism is a factor of a zip shift map.
6852h agoOptical phonons with non-linearities can dynamically break crystalline inversion symmetry, leading to a steady state with broken symmetry, strong second harmonic generation, and a rectified driving signal.
6852h agoQuantum droplets form in a two-component quadrupolar Bose-Einstein condensate with unique properties, such as flat-topped density profiles and anisotropic elliptical morphologies, due to higher-order interactions and quantum fluctuations.
6852h agoBidirectional nonlinear optical tomography (BNOT) allows for accurate evaluation of nonlinear photonic integrated circuits by estimating individual interface efficiencies and removing systematic bias in on-chip performance measurements.
6852h agoA method using Lyapunov-like functions provides a global lower bound for the shortest possible period of periodic solutions to autonomous ordinary differential equations.
6852h agoThe formation of breathers in multi-dimensional lattices with long-range interactions depends on parameters such as dimension, nonlinearity, and a nonlocal parameter, with a sharp division between a mass-subcritical regime with no positive excitation threshold and a critically or more positive threshold.
6852h agoThe nonlinear system resulting from the linear vector Schrödinger equation with quadratic constraints is closely related to the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy, which leads to N-soliton solutions for the model.
6852h agoAdaptation mechanisms, including spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, modulate traveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain during slow-wave sleep.
6852h agoThe study proves windowed spectral projection estimates and a generalized Weyl law for the quantized baker's map on the torus, and obtains a strengthening of the quantum ergodic theorem and statistics of random quasimodes.
6852h agoLocal-operator entanglement is upper-bound by three distinct magic monotones: $T$-count, unitary nullity, and operator stabilizer R\'enyi entropy.
6852h agoCoordination systems with multiple agents and objectives face thermodynamic constraints that prioritize findability over accuracy, and their complexity scales with the number of agents, objectives, and required precision.
6852h agoPolynomial Hamiltonian systems of PIV-type can be reduced to a minimal Hamiltonian system through an iterative process of polynomial regularisation.
6852h agoScientists characterize flat regions in random landscapes by counting the number of spheres that can fit into them, which reveals at least two topological regimes in the spherical perceptron.
6852h agoA machine learning-driven framework optimizes classical interatomic potentials to reproduce experimental properties of materials, efficiently exploring a large parameter space with a small number of molecular dynamics simulations.
6852h agoSilica glass has a complex medium-range order that changes with compression, exhibiting alternating cubic and octahedral particle arrangements at high pressures, which affects its compressibility.
6852h agoThe nonlinear phenomena in dark current of BIB infrared detectors, including negative differential resistance and current oscillations, arise from current path clustering and impurity band conduction dynamics.
6852h agoPhysically crosslinked polymer networks undergo ultra-slow coarsening with a logarithmically growing mesh size that governs their spatial organization, energy, and aging dynamics.
6852h agoA new method estimates the fidelity of large quantum circuits using the order statistics of measured output probabilities from highly entangled states.
6852h agoGO-Diff, a diffusion-based method, learns to directly sample low-energy atomic configurations to optimize global structure.
6852h agoAn assembly of Hopfield neural networks displays emergent capabilities, including pattern disentanglement, where it can separate a composite signal into its individual elements.
6852h agoHebbian couplings in Hopfield networks can be built from a set of definite patterns, labeled examples, or unlabeled examples, and their spectral distribution determines the stability, attractiveness, and generalization capabilities of the networks.
6852h agoDephasing can be used to engineer wave localization in non-Hermitian lattices, leading to wavefunction accumulation at the lattice's boundary.
6852h agoQuantum computers can solve certain problems that conventional computers can't, and specifically, quantum annealers can rapidly generate accurate solutions to the Schrödinger equation, outperforming leading classical methods.
6852h agoInverse Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Hamiltonian Learning (iPINN-HL) integrates observational data and physical laws to accurately and efficiently infer Hamiltonian parameters, approaching the Heisenberg limit with robustness to noise.
6852h agoAutistic adults have atypical neural processes for empathy and conflict resolution, showing heightened early emotional arousal and increased cognitive effort to evaluate others' pain.
6852h agoDrosophila mojavensis larvae have reduced and deeper sleep than Drosophila melanogaster larvae, which allows them to prioritize nutrient intake and energy storage, maximizing their survival in harsh environments.
6852h agoThe hippocampus combines different organizational patterns to represent spatial and semantic information, using a continuous shift in coding scale along its long axis during routine sequences and discrete subregions during sequence mismatches.
6852h agoInformation geometry methods can successfully extract higher-order dependencies from continuous neural recordings when paired with appropriate binarization schemes.
6852h agoBlocking PAI-1 in brain endothelial cells after a stroke improves recovery by reducing blood flow, which in turn reduces damage to the blood-brain barrier and inflammation.
6852h agoStronger representations of a distractor lead to poorer ability to process attended information, resulting in worse behavioral performance, especially in areas of the brain that process motion.
6852h agoOverexpressing a healthy version of the MFN2 gene in neurons helps restore normal mitochondrial function and motor ability in mice with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A.
6852h agoMismatch negativity, a biomarker of schizophrenia, matures during adolescence in mouse primary visual cortex, and this development does not require robust microglia activity.
6852h agoAge-related changes in microglial morphology correlate with cognitive decline in specific brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus.
6852h agoRobots can help people hand over objects more naturally by adjusting their movement speed according to the object's weight.
6852h agoSkin biopsies can provide insight into changes in nerve cells of patients with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, with hundreds of genes expressed differently in these biopsies likely contributed by nerve axons and terminals.
6852h agoChronic exposure to methylparaben and ethylparaben causes developmental delays, reduces lifespan, increases oxidative damage, and impairs locomotor performance in Drosophila melanogaster.
6852h agoUncertainty about a reach target leads to less expansive neural preparation in the dorsal premotor cortex, and movements are adjusted accordingly, with a narrower separation between neural states allowing for more rapid movement re-preparation.
6852h agoRedox imbalance in the brain contributes to diseases like Alzheimer's, and research shows that a protein called deltaFOSB is regulated by a redox switch that controls its binding to target genes, affecting cognition.
6852h agoHuntington disease causes white matter loss by disrupting the transport of myelin-associated glycoprotein, a protein essential for maintaining the integrity of the myelin sheath, from oligodendrocyte cell bodies to myelinated axons.
6852h agoVestibular function in mice relies mainly on non-quantal transmission, not on VGLUT3-mediated quantal transmission, as removal of VGLUT3 reduces quantal synaptic transmission by over 95% but does not affect balance or vestibular nerve physiology.
6852h agoOPM-based MEG systems provide higher decoding accuracy than SQUID-based systems in multivariate pattern analysis of visual processing due to their higher spatial resolution.
6852h agoIron deficiency impairs mitochondrial energy production, stunts axon growth, and alters axon morphology in developing neurons, affecting brain health.
6856h agoCue-induced activation of specific neurons in the nucleus accumbens core drives relapse vulnerability in substance use disorder, and this process involves distinct structural and functional changes in these neurons.
6856h agoGlioblastoma cells become more like neuron/glia progenitors, express neuronal and synaptic machinery, and invade brain tissue through synaptic connections with specific types of neurons.
6856h agoThe LC17 type of visual projection neurons play a key role in object tracking during flight by processing signals from columnar visual neurons T3 and are essential for visual approach.
6856h agoThe magnitude of long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region correlates with daily fluctuations in the ratio of synaptic excitation to inhibition, and this correlation changes with age.
6856h agoThe expression of the PTF1A factor drives radial glial progenitors to differentiate into glial cells, and this process depends on the dosage of PTF1A expression.
6856h agoRAN proteins accumulate in brain regions of people with certain diseases and contribute to their progression by causing cell damage and death.
6856h agoMind blanking is characterised by a "rich" pattern of long and short-range signal anticorrelations in fMRI connectivity, but this pattern changes to a simpler hyperconnected one when people report being sleepy or less alert.
6856h agoNeurons in the brain maintain their normal firing patterns during absence seizures, with ictal activity representing a scalable modulation of pre-existing network states rather than a random disruption.
6856h agoReducing tau protein levels in specific brain regions with RNA-based therapies improves symptoms and reduces disease pathology in a mouse model of tau-related neurodegenerative disorders.
6856h agoNotch filters increase color contrast and enhance visual performance for normal trichromats, especially when searching for targets on bluish-yellowish backgrounds.
6856h agoARHGEF17 deficiency causes increased incidence and rupture of intracranial aneurysms by impairing endothelial function, promoting vascular inflammation, and disrupting cytoskeletal dynamics through the RhoA/ROCK2/MLC pathway.
6856h agoBinge ethanol exposure during adolescence disrupts the structural and functional connection between astrocytes and synapses, leading to lasting behavioral impairments that can be improved by stimulating astrocyte activity.
6856h agoPsychedelics disrupt visual processing by increasing active sensing behaviors and reducing visually-evoked activity in the primary visual cortex, with diverse effects on individual neurons.
6856h agoPrdm12 overexpression in sensory neurons decreases their excitability, reduces inflammatory joint pain, and modulates pain perception by affecting ion channels.
6856h agoHigher uncertainty in auditory stimuli leads to stronger inter-brain synchronization during social interaction.
6856h agoReplay activities in the brain follow different dynamics, with varying speeds and variability, and can be characterized using a state-space model that allows for switching between different types of dynamics.
6856h agoA shared ordinal structure between tasks does not improve performance when switching between declarative and motor sequence learning.
6856h agoPsilocybin has subtle, context-dependent effects on social behaviour and inflammation in female mice, with effects varying depending on the mouse's condition and environment.
6856h agoHunger activates a specific neuron that increases the craving for alcohol in hungry individuals by changing how the brain processes memories of alcohol-related cues.
6856h agoBDNF activates the mTOR pathway in axons, driving local protein synthesis that is essential for axonal trafficking, neuronal function, and long-distance signaling.
6856h agoA low-cost brain phantom made from ground beef, sodium alginate, and starch, effectively emulates key biophysical properties of brain tissue, allowing for safe and efficient testing of multiple neuromodulation modalities.
6860h agoBrain scans and behavioral measures reveal two dimensions of brain function that distinguish between youth with different psychiatric symptoms, and can identify three distinct subtypes with unique symptom profiles and brain development patterns.
6860h agoThe intracellular domain of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) is essential for retinal ganglion cells to regenerate injured axons and strongly amplifies their response to growth factors.
6860h agoAlpha-synuclein aggregation directly triggers changes in mitochondria, including increased size, defective cristae structure, and enhanced formation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles.
6860h agoThe brain directly decodes motion acceleration from neural responses in area MT on fast time scales with high fidelity, rather than calculating it indirectly from velocity representations.
6860h agoIntergenerational social connections change brain activity related to social bonding, with intergenerational pairs showing decreased and same-generation pairs showing increased neural synchrony over six sessions.
6860h agoThe spinal cord's propriospinal networks contribute to coordination between locomotor and autonomic systems through a strong ascending communication pathway from the lumbar to thoracic region.
6860h agoA 10mL white matter reference region improves reliability in measuring synaptic density with [11C]UCB-J and detects a greater difference in brain activity between Parkinson's disease patients and healthy subjects.
6860h agoOverexpressing ATAD1 partly corrects imbalances in lipid metabolism, improves mitochondrial function, and increases peroxisome numbers in patient cells with Zellweger Spectrum Disorders caused by PEX1 and PEX6 gene mutations.
6860h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: Higher spatial frequencies and larger patterns cause stronger visual discomfort and pupillary constriction, and repeated exposure leads to increased discomfort and decreased pupil size.
6868h agoDepleting FMRP in human brain cells causes cellular hyperexcitability that can be corrected by a specific enzyme inhibitor.
6872h agoThe planum temporale and other brain regions are activated when people perceive sound sources as located outside their head, and different sound conditions activate different areas.
6872h agoNorepinephrine suppresses the transmission of emotional information from the basolateral amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex by reducing the excitatory signals between them.
6872h agoThe medial temporal lobe has different parts that handle different types of information, with posterior parts representing visual information and anterior parts representing conceptual information, and distinct brain wave patterns in these areas support memory formation.
6872h agoDeleting 4E-BP2 in GABAergic interneurons impairs long-term memory formation by controlling the translation of specific mRNAs, including Gal, that are required for memory.
6872h agoThe clonal raider ant brain shows extensive interindividual variability in structure, even among genetically identical individuals of the same age.
6872h agoNeuroPaint, a masked autoencoding approach, infers the dynamics of unrecorded brain areas by leveraging data from multiple animals with overlapping recorded areas.
6876h agoMAPS, a new computational tool, identifies which explanations of artificial neural networks best match human vision by comparing image-by-image human accuracies on minimal images with accuracies on full stimuli.
6876h agoA system's representation of sensory information preserves fine-grained details, even when it abstracts away some features, because the information can be recovered from the features rather than their causal origin.
6876h agoNon-linear changes in brain network connectivity occur in specific networks of cognitively normal older adults with early amyloid pathology, and are associated with better cognitive performance.
6876h agoPurple structures appear blue when surrounded by other purple structures, but appear purple when viewed directly, and this effect changes with distance.
6876h agoThe regulator must contain a model of the system it regulates to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the system's output.
6876h agoThe destabilizing bifurcations from an equilibrium in coupled systems are governed by the extreme eigenvalues of the network's coupling matrix.
6876h agoMechanical lattices support topological wave phenomena that are governed by geometric phases, which can be controlled and manipulated through symmetry, modulation, and topology to analyze and design vibration and acoustic functionalities in engineered structures.
6876h agoThe study constructs explicit two-phase solutions to the focusing mKdV equation and examines their spectral and orbital stability.
6876h agoN-solitons of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations and (N1,N2)-solitons of the coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries equations are nonlinearly stable in Sobolev spaces.
6876h agoAbandoned geostationary satellites near an unstable equilibrium point experience irregular transitions between dynamical states due to interactions between longitudinal dynamics and orbital precession, and these transitions occur suddenly at specific points in the precession cycle when the orbital inclination is minimal.
6876h agoThe two-population Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model exhibits random switches between synchronized and desynchronized states in the two populations, caused by the finite size of the network.
6876h agoIce streams in ice sheets can exhibit build-up/surge oscillatory variability due to thermomechanical coupling at the base of the ice, and this variability can be chaotic.
6876h agoUnstable periodic orbits play a major role in understanding spatiotemporal chaos; their stability changes with coupling strength and can be analyzed through the eigenvalues of the orbit Jacobian operator.
6876h agoFerromagnets with a specific type of symmetry exhibit a rich spectrum of phases and transitions, including a paramagnetic phase and two distinct ferromagnetic phases that can coexist as stable and metastable states over a range of temperatures.
6876h agoPolynomial Hamiltonian systems of $\text{P}_{\text{IV}}$-type can be reduced to a minimal Hamiltonian system through an iterative process of polynomial regularisation.
6876h agoThe semiclassical analytical solutions for the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a quarter-stadium quantum billiard predict the band structure of the observable matrix and describe the asymptotic behavior of the f function in the semiclassical limit.
6876h agoEpidemic forecasting requires models that account for complex social interactions, and a new expression for the basic reproduction number $\mathcal R_0$ enables analysis of disease transmission across multiple social layers.
6876h agoUltra-discretization preserves the properties of Yang-Baxter maps and independence preserving property, and this preservation yields new examples of piecewise linear maps with independence preserving property.
6876h agoThe synchronous collision of solitons in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation results in a local wave profile that scales as the sinc(x) function, and this behavior persists even when soliton amplitudes are random variables.
6876h agoSwarming agents can collectively produce a desired density through local sensing, motion, and interactions, by moving in a stochastic walk over a networked domain to reduce the error between the swarm density and the target.
6876h agoThe variational free energy principle provides a method for modelling systems made of coupled objects by representing the dependence relationships between their states or trajectories using generative models.
6876h agoThe generalized construction of regular rational extensions of the trigonometric Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potential yields novel families of exceptional orthogonal polynomials that depend on discrete and continuous parameters.
6876h agoQuantum walks exhibit chaotic signatures, including sharp differences in spectral statistics and eigenfunction morphology, when their motion is influenced by chaotic features of the boundary shape in a closed domain.
6876h agoSonic horizons form and accelerate in a Bose-Einstein condensate due to harmonic confinement, and can collide and annihilate each other over time.
6876h agoPanda, a new model, forecasts chaotic systems accurately without needing to be trained on specific systems, preserving short-term accuracy and long-term statistics.
6876h agoAbrikosov vortices in superconductors have a density of superconductive electrons that reaches a maximum outside the vortex core, surpassing its bulk value, in the zero-temperature limit with tightly bound Cooper pairs.
6876h agoStrong disorder in quantum systems leads to slow dynamics, causing information transport to occur at a non-perturbatively small velocity and entanglement to spread logarithmically slowly over long time scales.
6876h agoA new class of dynamical systems can be trained for classification and generation by shaping connections between nodes to steer the system towards a desired equilibrium.
6876h agoTransversal gates reduce the error threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computation to 0.080 for bit-flip errors and 0.028 for syndrome errors, compared to a static quantum memory.
6876h agoFeed-forward neural quantum states have a limited entanglement entropy for any subregion, bound by $S \leq c k\log n$, which rules out volume law entanglement for states with a small number of nonlinearities.
6876h agoShearing a non-Brownian suspension forms two types of memories, one of direction and one of amplitude, which coexist and compete within a limited capacity.
6876h agoQuasiperiodic systems can host three coexisting quantum phases, including localized, extended, and multifractal states, with proposed experimental protocols to detect them.
6876h agoMany-body localization lends robustness to nonequilibrium phases of matter, which can exhibit topological and symmetry-breaking order, and a new framework classifies these phases, including anomalous localized topological phases, using quantum cellular automata.
6876h agoAnderson localization enhances the critical temperature of disordered superconductors by following an exact symmetry relation based on nonlinear sigma-models.
6876h agoBond dissipation drives particles from dispersive bands into flat bands, facilitating their preparation, measurement, and utilization.
6876h agoBrain activity in areas responsible for memory and learning helps verbal memory performance in midlife postmenopausal women.
6876h agoWolfram-like syndrome causes vision loss through retinal ganglion cell degeneration due to WFS1 gene variants that impair optic nerve mitochondrial physiology and disrupt endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication.
6876h agoRhythmic bursting of action potentials occurs in about 12% of VLPO neurons, driven by intrinsic mechanisms, and may contribute to sleep regulation.
6876h agoFerroptosis, a unique cell death mechanism, is involved in Parkinson's disease pathology, and inhibiting the enzyme 15-lipoxygenase can rescue associated pathologies and prevent abnormal protein oligomerisation.
6876h agoEarly-life exposure to organophosphate flame retardants causes lasting, sex-specific changes in the body's stress response system, leading to altered stress reactions and behaviors.
6876h agoSilent reading can be decoded from brain activity with 30-40% accuracy, but decoding performance of inner speech tasks such as repetitive and generative inner speech is mostly at chance level.
6876h agoEPO treatment remodels chromatin accessibility in newly formed pyramidal neurons, with transposable elements emerging as critical regulators of gene networks involved in neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity.
6876h agoThe human brain segments stories into events with multiple timescales while reading, with different brain regions representing shorter or longer events in a nested hierarchical structure.
6876h agoA new protein variant of alpha-synuclein, called a-Syn-115, is more abundant in certain brain cells of people with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and may contribute to the formation of protein clumps that drive disease progression.
6876h agoPeripheral immune system activation rapidly changes serotonin signaling capacity by inhibiting firing of serotonin-producing neurons and enhancing serotonin clearance through a specific molecular pathway.
6880h agoOlder adults show greater gait variability and less flexibility in brain activity when walking on uneven terrain compared to younger adults.
6880h agoThe extrastriate visual cortex contains columns that are selectively responsive to different visual features, and these columns compete with each other during development, allowing intact functions to take over those that are compromised.
6880h agoIndividual-level, data-driven factor models better capture the organization and behavioral relevance of brain activity than the current Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.
6880h agoPeople with social anxiety have better memory for social errors, such as faces shown during mistakes, which can strengthen negative memories and contribute to their anxiety.
6880h agoHypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) directly regulates the T-type calcium channel CaV3.2, leading to increased neuronal excitability through a conserved pathway that may contribute to post-ischemic epileptogenesis.
6880h agoHigh-frequency fMRI signals capture spontaneous neural activity that indexes brain states, and fast fMRI sampling allows for more precise quantification of this activity, including decoding EEG rhythms from short windows of fMRI data.
6880h agoBrains fixed with salt-saturated or alcohol-formaldehyde solutions can be used for MRI studies, especially with T2-weighted sequences, which maintain a sharp contrast in different brain regions.
6880h agoThe putamen plays a role in representing self and others' actions in social contexts by gating cortical representations.
6880h agoElectrocortical activity involves spontaneous dynamics and paradoxically activated states with increased global complexity during deep anesthesia, and is not a unitary function of anesthetic concentration.
6880h agoNonlinear dynamical system techniques reveal the core dynamics of artificial recurrent neural networks used in neuroscience, reducing their dimensionality by orders of magnitude and enabling the interpretation of robust structures in neuronal dynamics.
6884h agoReducing tau protein helps improve brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and delivering an artificial microRNA that targets tau can reduce tau accumulation, improve symptoms, and extend survival in a mouse model of the disease.
6884h agoBeta bursts reflect structured, task-specific neural dynamics, and a machine learning approach using nonlinear features can classify them with up to 91.1% accuracy, considering both burst duration and task condition.
6884h agoPatients with macular degeneration develop different patterns of eye movements as they adapt to central vision loss, with individual differences in behavior seen before and after visual training.
6884h agoMultiple protein kinases are activated with complex dynamics over 24 hours in response to different learning protocols, with their activity patterns varying depending on the protocol used to induce long-term synaptic facilitation.
6884h agoA new data-driven approach improves the analysis of nociceptive discharges by accurately sorting spikes in nociceptors, leading to more reliable analysis of pain and itch sensory coding.
6884h agoAdding artificial neural signals to training datasets improves the ability of deep neural networks to decode continuous movements, such as limb kinematics, from brain activity.
6884h agoParkinson's disease, age, sex, and body mass index are independently associated with striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, which is reduced in Parkinson's disease, decreases with age, is higher in females, and weakly increases with higher body mass index.
6884h agoMutations in the KCNB1 gene disrupt the clustering of Kv2.1 potassium channels, leading to altered channel dynamics and potentially increasing neuronal excitability.
6884h agoExcessive formation of perineuronal nets in the hippocampus during a sensitive period disrupts social memory development and leads to lifelong social recognition deficits in mice with a genetic mutation related to Autism Spectrum Disorder.
6884h agoPsilocybin and DMT delay the onset of sleep and cause a short increase in wakefulness, and alter brain activity patterns during wakefulness and sleep.
6884h agoThe human brain's action network has a detailed functional affinity architecture that shows its integrative topology across the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and subcortical nuclei, and is anticorrelated with the default network.
6884h agoImmoral decisions change the brain's dynamic states, decreasing activity in the control network and increasing activity in the reward network as dishonesty persists.
6884h agoDecreased microRNA-21-3p levels contribute to cerebral hemorrhage in cerebral cavernous malformations by increasing vascular permeability and angiogenesis through the regulation of NOX4 and VEGFA.
6884h agoAttractiveness can be automatically detected, but differences exist between processing facial and vocal attractiveness, with change detection working better for unattractive than attractive information.
6884h agoMating in Drosophila erecta flies depends on environmental cues, specifically food volatiles, which trigger male sexual arousal and promote courtship when the flies are densely aggregated on a food patch.
6888h agoIntestinal cooling after a stroke reduces brain injury, improves functional recovery, and lowers mortality rates in mice more effectively than body surface cooling or normothermic conditions.
6888h agoBDNF increases the synaptic surface expression of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons through a signaling cascade involving hnRNPK, Pyk2, and protein kinase C, leading to changes in network excitability.
6888h agoMitochondrial dysfunction can be detected in live human neurons using a noninvasive framework that combines optical diffraction tomography with organelle-aware representation learning.
6888h agoAnnexin A1, a protein secreted by tanycytes, regulates energy balance by reducing inflammation in the brain and influencing the activity of surrounding cells.
6888h agoScientists must accept responsibility for championing science and communicate more effectively with the public to restore trust.
6892h agoBrain clearance mechanisms can be noninvasively mapped using magnetic resonance imaging, revealing region-specific drivers in healthy brains and altered dynamics in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
6892h agoC9orf72 mutations impair immune activation in ALS, affecting brain cell communication and revealing different cellular and molecular pathways in sporadic and genetic forms of the disease.
6892h agoThe foveola, a tiny region of the retina, accounts for nearly one third of projections to the visual cortex and shows substantial individual variability in sensitivity, with peak sensitivity often shifted toward the temporal visual field.
6892h agoThe human cerebral cortex contains 906 layer-specific genes with distinct expression patterns, and its cell type diversity changes with age and is linked to disease through spatially specific gene expression.
6892h agoThe hippocampus prioritizes different dimensions of visual similarity at different stages of learning, and its activity patterns related to similar visual stimuli change depending on whether those stimuli interfere with each other in memory.
6892h agoThe brain uses separate networks to process time, space, and reward, with distinct subnetworks for interval timing, spatial navigation, and reward.
6892h agoChildren with dyslexia exhibit altered phonetic encoding strategies, characterized by disrupted processing of word-onset phonemes and slower retention of less relevant sounds in verbal short-term memory.
6892h agoFMR1-KO mice display habituation deficits during early development, and their behavioral responses to auditory stimuli change dynamically as they mature and differ between females and males.
6896h agoBrain network formation happens on a non-uniform developmental timetable, and adding this timing to generative network models helps create synthetic networks that more accurately reproduce the spatial layout of real brain networks.
6896h agoElevated levels of -synuclein decrease the density of key presynaptic proteins MYCBP2 and ELKS, potentially disrupting presynaptic function in Parkinson's Disease.
6896h agoPhysiological artifact annotations are provided for a large-scale EEG dataset, PhysioMotion Artifact, which helps improve EEG signal interpretation and analysis.
6896h agoTask-relevant variables are encoded in orthogonal subspaces of neural activity, and this occurs in brain areas, across species, and in artificial neural networks trained on tasks that depend on these variables.
6900h agoHippocampal sequences arise from intrinsic recurrent circuitry that acts as a temporal memory buffer for extremely sparse inputs, allowing an agent to reliably solve a continuous maze without explicit geometric cues.
6900h agoThe Language of Thought hypothesis suggests that some cognitive processes involve language-like representations that are processed by neural hardware in the nervous system.
6900h agoNeuronal networks in the brain have a similar structure to the cosmic web, with features like hub nodes, clustered connections, and large empty spaces.
6900h agoAI-based surrogate brains use data-driven approaches to predict whole-brain dynamics, offering a new way to decode neural systems and forecast complex brain activity.
6900h agoPhysiological co-modulation occurs during human-animal interactions, with evidence showing that humans and animals can have synchronized physiological responses, particularly in the contexts of animal-assisted therapy and companionship.
6900h agoThe large Laplacian re-referencing strategy achieves the best P300 peak classification accuracy, outperforming other strategies.
6900h agoReducing electrodes in electroencephalography-based Brain-Computer Interfaces degrades source reconstruction quality and distorts neural generators, and a new scaling law shows a mathematical link between electrode reduction and localization accuracy.
6900h agoLossy compression of visual inputs, which discards irrelevant details, supports the ability to distinguish between similar visual stimuli by facilitating pattern separation.
6900h agoPeople are systematic and adaptively rational when making decisions and forming judgments in new problem settings, even with little to no experience.
6900h agoThe human proprioceptive system overestimates the speed of slow hand movements and underestimates the speed of fast hand movements.
6900h agoThe performance of Large Language Models degrades when crucial information is in the middle of a long context, a phenomenon arising from the models' adaptation to different information retrieval demands during pre-training.
6900h agoOptimised electric field waveforms reduce energy loss by up to 92% compared to conventional pulses, enabling directional selectivity and efficient neural activation with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
6900h agoA regulator must contain a model of the system it regulates to reduce the complexity of the system's output.
6900h agoAgents tracking sensory streams using simple generative programs impose structural and dynamical constraints that confine their behavior to low-dimensional manifolds aligned with the symmetries of the data.
6900h agoReinforcement learning and supervised learning drive recurrent neural networks to fundamentally different computational solutions when trained on identical decision-making tasks.
6900h agoIncreasing noise intensity reduces auditory steady-state responses in gamma oscillations, and enhancing the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance improves auditory attention during speech recognition.
6900h agoTactile sensing is improved by using a novel Encoder-Attender-Decoder framework and convolutional recurrent neural networks, which achieves neural representations matching rodent somatosensory cortex and reveals the importance of recurrent processing for general-purpose tactile representations.
6900h agoDistributed systems with non-local interactions perform pattern completion and selection, and their connectivity enables spatio-temporal memory pattern dynamics through coupled amplitude equations.
6900h agoA novel distance metric, the Alpha-Z Bures-Wasserstein divergence, improves identification rates of individuals from functional connectomes, outperforming traditional and state-of-the-art methods across multiple task conditions and spatial resolutions.
6900h agoSpiking neural networks with nonlinear pruning and dendritic integration achieve high sparsity with minimal performance degradation across multiple tasks.
6900h agoA geometric framework helps to uncover underlying neural mechanisms in interactive social behavior by examining dynamic changes in neural interactions through evolving geometric structures of neural networks.
6900h agoA novel approach called EM-LLM integrates human episodic memory into large language models, enabling them to handle practically infinite context lengths while maintaining computational efficiency.
6900h agoNeural oscillations play a key role in the appearance of a toroidal topology in the activity of grid cells in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex.
6900h agoSwarmalators, which combine swarming and synchronized oscillations, exhibit complex patterns such as clustering and phase waves, influenced by factors like interaction range and coupling strength.
6900h agoQuantum mechanics reinstates confinement in classically unstable Hamiltonian systems by creating an effective barrier that localizes states along classical escape channels.
6900h agoThe interplay among environment feedback, nonlinear effects, and stochasticity drives a system towards a variety of steady-state structures, including full defection, full cooperation, stable coexistence, and periodic limit cycles.
6900h agoThe six-wave interaction system, derived from Maxwell's equations in nonlinear optics, leads to a set of coupled equations that describe how electric and polarization fields evolve over space and time.
6900h agoThe Complex System Response equation connects component interactions with emergent behaviors in complex systems, and applies to physical, chemical, biological, and social systems.
6900h agoTempological control, a novel strategy that uses time-varying networks, can drive a nonlinear system to a desired state or stabilize unstable states without external forcing.
6900h agoThe Bunimovich mushroom billiard system shows phase space localization of chaotic eigenstates for narrow stems, which changes as the stem width increases.
6900h agoA three-dimensional generalization of QRT maps has two rational integrals and an invariant volume form, establishing its integrability.
6900h agoThe Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti lattice gas model shows complete integrability of its macroscopic fluctuation theory equations, allowing for explicit results on nonstationary heat transfer statistics at long times.
6900h agoThe Simple Inclusion Process exhibits a large-deviation behavior in mass transfer, with a probability distribution that follows a rate function determined by the macroscopic fluctuation theory.
6900h agoThe site activity distribution in the two-dimensional Abelian sandpile model follows a finite-size scaling form, with a crossover between typical and highly excitable sites occurring at a threshold activity of about 0.1 L^2.
6900h agoRandom wave forcing produces soliton gases in shallow water conditions, while dispersive waves develop into weak turbulence in deep water conditions.
6900h agoA predictive model based on cellular automata helps accurately forecast wildfires by incorporating environmental variables such as vegetation density, wind speed, and topographic slope.
6900h agoSpin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling undergo phase transitions in their ground state when exposed to gradient magnetic fields, leading to stable ground states with arbitrary winding numbers.
6900h agoA modified (1+1)-dimensional theory produces analytic BPS double-kink solutions with exponential decay in three models, governed by the φ4, φ6, and sine-Gordon superpotentials.
6900h agoTwo constructions of a quantization of the dispersionless KdV hierarchy are the same, one made by Wang and the other by the authors in joint work with Rossi.
6900h agoThe Womersley solution for pulsatile viscous flow in a circular tube reveals that the relationship between pressure gradient and velocity forms a loop in phase space, where the loop area equals the mean hydraulic power per cycle.
6900h agoThe Mean Information Gain (MIG) metric quantifies emergence in complex systems by measuring the lack of information about other elements given certain known properties.
6900h agoIon-irradiated amorphous thin films do not have constant fluidity throughout the layer, but instead have varying fluidity caused by radiation-induced defect kinetics.
6900h agoReinforcement learning and supervised learning drive recurrent neural networks to fundamentally different computational solutions when trained on identical decision-making tasks.
6900h agoAn inverse scattering transform is proposed for the continuum Calogero-Moser equation, which involves constructing Jost solutions and introducing a distorted Fourier transform.
6900h agoLocal cooperation and global competition create a transition to diverse communities, such as linguistic groups, through a process of evolution that organizes clusters of communities with different fitness.
6900h agoMatrices with rational entries have a Lie-Poisson structure defined by an r-matrix, and this structure can be extended to Riemann surfaces of higher genus.
6900h agoThe study presents new Hamiltonian descriptions of three-dimensional systems, including chaotic systems like Chen, L\"u, and Qi systems, and shows that they can be described in a Hamiltonian framework with a resistance matrix.
6900h agoDistributed systems with non-local interactions perform pattern completion and selection, and their connectivity enables spatio-temporal memory pattern dynamics through coupled amplitude equations.
6900h agoStructured Kolmogorov-Arnold Neural ODEs (SKANODEs) integrate structured state-space modeling with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks to create accurate and physically interpretable models of nonlinear dynamical systems.
6900h agoDirect numerical simulation results for 3D turbulent Kolmogorov flows are inaccurate due to numerical noise, and a new method called clean numerical simulation provides a more accurate benchmark solution.
6900h agoThe attractiveness-driven interaction model shows that individual attractiveness leads to more compact groups, a power-law distribution of group sizes, and the suppression of a percolation transition, differing from a null model where agents move continuously.
6900h agoRandom matrix product unitaries can reproduce the behavior of truly random systems for certain types of observables with minimal resources.
6900h agoThe partition functions of 5d SYM theories with SU(2) gauge group and four flavours obey blowup relations that can be linked to the weights of a Lie algebra through the Weyl group action.
6900h agoThe updated keyword diagram of complex systems reveals differences and overlaps between public perception and actual usage of keywords in publications, and identifies four highly interconnected topical communities.
6900h agoNew classical stochastic dynamics models stabilize order in two and higher dimensions without symmetry, and have fluctuation-stabilized order that becomes fragile in larger dimensions.
6900h agoCoordination across multiple agents and objectives faces fundamental thermodynamic constraints that force systems to prioritize being findable over accuracy, leading to a need for progressive simplification.
6900h agoA decoder for fault-tolerant error correction in topological codes achieves a memory lifetime that scales as a stretched exponential in the linear system size, provided it has access to a certain number of noiseless classical bits.
6900h agoDisordered zero modes affect the fractal dimension of ensembles with chiral symmetry, and symmetry-conserving diagonal disorder reduces the fractal dimension in delocalized Bogoliubov-de Gennes ensembles.
6900h agoDephasing can be used to engineer wave localization in non-Hermitian lattices, leading to a novel dynamical localization phenomenon where wavefunctions accumulate at the lattice's boundary.
6900h agoA novel approach using magnetic topological insulators creates pinning sites for domain wall memories without topographical notches, enabling precise control over domain manipulation.
6900h agoA theoretical framework analyzes the spectral properties of sparse asymmetric correlation matrices, finding that their spectral density evolves as an asymmetry parameter changes from nearly symmetric to nearly antisymmetric.
6900h agoQuantized neural network training with the straight-through estimator exhibits a plateau followed by a sharp drop in generalization error, with the plateau length depending on the quantization range.
6900h agoThe addition of a single magnetic impurity to a honeycomb lattice generates chirality and a topological mass term, and the chirality reverses at a critical value of around 0.9.
6900h agoNeural Quantum States accurately simulate the square-lattice Hubbard model, revealing features of a doped Mott insulator, including antiferromagnetic correlations and suppressed density fluctuations.
6900h agoThe extension of the dynamical cluster approximation captures how Rashba spin-orbit coupling and nonlocal correlations modify single-particle properties and spin-dependent interference in disordered two-dimensional systems.
6900h agoSquare Wave Perceptrons exhibit an overlap gap at a certain threshold, making typical problem instances hard to solve, and their properties make them a challenging benchmark for algorithms and a candidate for cryptographic applications.
6900h agoA satisfiability transition occurs in finding signs for a sequence of matrices such that the operator norm of the signed sum is within a given margin, with a sharp threshold at a critical value as the number of matrices and their size increase.
6900h agoRecurrent neural networks provide accurate information about quantum many-body systems in the thermodynamic limit when used as variational ansatzes in machine-learning-based Monte Carlo simulations.
6900h agoThe entanglement entropy of a complex system's eigenstate depends on a single functional of the system parameters that captures collective information content.
6900h agoDisordered superconductor couplings can reconstruct fractional quantum Hall edge states into stable phases with quantized electron-to-hole conversion probability.
6900h agoRecurrent neural network wavefunctions provide accurate estimates of ground-state properties of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in the thermodynamic limit, especially when combined with basis rotation or variational neural annealing.
6900h agoDistributed systems with non-local interactions perform pattern completion and selection, and their connectivity enables spatio-temporal memory pattern dynamics through coupled amplitude equations.
6900h agoDistinct motivational outcomes drive different changes in the genes expressed by neuromodulatory neurons in the brain, leading to behavioral flexibility.
6900h agoNeuropathic pain results from changes in the brain's primary sensory cortex, specifically structural changes to the axon initial segment, that increase the excitability of certain brain cells.
6900h agoCSF1R inhibition combined with cranial radiotherapy accelerates reactive gliosis and monocyte-derived macrophage engraftment without protecting vulnerable neural cell populations, but leads to limited long-term recovery of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
6900h agoDeleting or overexpressing specific snoRNAs in the gut and fat body of flies affects their lifespan, metabolism, and brain health.
6900h agoAmyloid-beta filaments bound to receptors in Alzheimer's brain are 65 nm long and have prion protein at their tips, and this structure is critical for synaptic damage.
6900h agoAAV11 can transfer from axons of postsynaptic neurons to astrocytes, allowing for the labeling of astrocytes connected to specific postsynaptic neurons.
6900h agoAbnormal fibrils formed from aggregated proteins cause Parkinson's disease, and a new framework combining AI and structural biology designs peptides that inhibit fibril growth.
6900h agoA conditioned auditory stimulus can stop absence seizures in a rat model, with the success of termination depending on the timing of the stimulus, the level of conditioning, and the strength of the electrographic signal.
6904h agoA home sleep study using wearable devices found that sleep patterns change with age from late childhood to early adulthood, with decreases in deep sleep and slow brain waves as people get older.
6904h agoPreterm children's attention and working memory skills can be supported through a tablet-based intervention called Dino Island, which parents can deliver with high fidelity.
6904h agoThe molecular basis for heterogeneous aging in the human brain involves two dominant themes: a robust immunometabolic axis and distinct, cell-type-specific molecular programs that vary by sex.
6904h agoSynTrack, a new algorithm, accurately tracks 65,000 synapses in living mice over two weeks with high resolution and fidelity.
6904h agoThe brain and body's health are linked through two main patterns: one driven by age, which is associated with loss of brain structural integrity and cerebral vascular dysfunction, and another driven by metabolic features, which is linked to cognitive deficits, particularly in females.
6904h agoThe brain composes elements for reasoning by packaging them into fast neural sequences that explore the implications of different compositions over time.
6904h agoThe cerebellum plays a critical role in adapting vocal pitch in response to sensory errors, and individuals with cerebellar damage are unable to make necessary adjustments to maintain accurate control of vocal pitch.
6904h agoPhysical exercise increases Alpha activity in the brain for at least 25 minutes, and also temporarily increases Theta activity, in young healthy humans.
6908h agoApoE-LRP8 signaling helps axons regrow after brain and spinal cord injury, and modifying this pathway with ApoE2 can improve motor function and promote axon growth.
6908h agoThe hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI alters neurovascular coupling in mice, which has implications for interpreting human fMRI studies of psychedelics.
6916h agoAstrocytic Ca2+ helps prevent synaptic depotentiation by reducing repetitive dendritic activity in the motor cortex during motor training, contributing to learning-dependent neuronal circuit modification.
6916h agoWorking memory is maintained by a distributed pattern of persistent discharges across cortical neurons, which fluctuates widely in information representation fidelity.
6916h agoChild adversity affects the brain's stress response system, and differences in this system, specifically in the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine area, are linked to resilience or susceptibility to anxiety and depression in mice.
6916h agoMetaphors, especially novel ones, engage the right hemisphere cortex more than literal sentences and familiar metaphors, and activate a network of brain regions including the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex.
6916h agoThe uncinate fasciculus's lipid composition and myelin-constituent genes and proteins change with age, with increases in certain phospholipids and decreases in myelin-related molecules, which may contribute to age-related myelin deficits and declines in cognition.
6916h agoA multi-parametric diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach can characterize soma and neurite morphology of neuronal and glial cells, which may help develop biomarkers for neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis.
6916h agoLossy compression of visual inputs, which discards irrelevant details, supports the ability to discriminate similar visual stimuli, rather than expanding neural codes to make representations more distinct.
6916h agoTachykinin-1 expressing neurons in the lateral habenula encode reward prediction errors, and their activity changes with the difference between expected and realized rewards.
6916h agoMicroglial activation states are regulated by specific transcriptional regulators, which can be manipulated to selectively enrich certain states and inform future therapies.
6916h agoHuman intracranial recordings can advance the search for neural correlates of perceptual consciousness by offering high resolution and sensitivity.
6924h agoA new model combines magnetoencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data to estimate brain activity with high spatial and temporal resolution.
6924h agoThe hierarchical information in brain regions of the visual system can be quantified by decoding outcomes to reflect an information hierarchy.
6924h agoA novel framework decodes fMRI signals into textual descriptions of viewed natural images, capturing core semantic content and revealing the critical role of higher-level visual cortices in visual semantic processing.
6924h agoHumans and machines working together can make better decisions than either one alone when their confidence levels are well-calibrated and they are good at different tasks.
6924h agoThe brain's slow oscillations during sleep are modulated by adaptation mechanisms, specifically spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which affect the properties of traveling waves, such as frequency, speed, and spatial patterns.
6924h agoA discrete third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation shows that a refractive index detuning induces intermediate dynamical regimes, including coherent breathing modes and chaotic-like propagation patterns, in the transition from stable uniform states to self-trapped regimes in two-dimensional nonlinear waveguide arrays.
6924h agoThe algebraic structures of integrable hierarchies play an important role in soliton equations, and a matrix representation of a constrained CKP hierarchy is given using splitting theory.
6924h agoThe multilayer triadic percolation model displays a richer dynamical behavior than its single-layer counterpart, including oscillations and bifurcations, offering new insights into regulatory interactions in real-world systems.
6924h agoHigher-order interactions affect collective behavior in coupled oscillators, with different types of interactions leading to stable states only when considered together.
6924h agoThe motion of charged test particles around a black hole becomes chaotic when an external magnetic field is present, and the strength of chaos increases with particle energy and magnetic field but decreases with particle angular momentum, black hole spin, and quantum corrections.
6924h agoMultiscale polyadic group interactions impact the dynamics of interacting particle systems by changing equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions in epidemic and voter models.
6924h agoThe brain's slow oscillations during sleep are modulated by adaptation mechanisms, specifically spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which affect the properties of traveling waves, such as frequency, speed, and spatial patterns.
6924h agoA theoretical framework analyzing neural networks through dynamical systems theory reveals that different transformation modes in neurons lead to distinct learning behaviors, information extraction, and learning phases.
6924h agoEnvironmental variability and slow migration affect the fixation and extinction of microbial populations in spatially structured metapopulations, with the mutant fixation probability depending on the rate of migration and exhibiting a non-monotonic dependence on the switching rate between harsh and mild environmental conditions.
6924h agoThe one-dimensional critical transverse field Ising model is Yang-Baxter integrable, with commuting transfer matrices built from a non-local R-matrix expressed in terms of Majorana fermions.
6924h agoNonreciprocally coupled fields are governed by dynamic models with varying conservation laws, which can be derived from microscopic Ising models using mean-field approximation.
6924h agoTwo coherently coupled dissipative time crystals exhibit chaotic synchronization in the classical limit, characterized by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a Pearson correlation coefficient close to one, and a similar crossover behavior is observed in finite-size quantum dynamics.
6924h agoRogue waves are generated within a one-dimensional quantum droplet environment through two protocols, producing various waveforms, including Peregrine solitons and Akhmediev breathers.
6924h agoA strongly disordered nuclear spin ensemble exhibits a phase transition into a sub-diffusive regime, where thermalization emerges slowly due to the system's fractal structure.
6924h agoThe multilayer triadic percolation model displays a richer dynamical behavior than its single-layer counterpart, including oscillations and bifurcations, offering new insights into regulatory interactions in real-world systems.
6924h agoThe network topology determines the net magnetization of the ground state, with heterogeneity in the number of neighbors and the presence of hubs being key factors that make it tunable.
6924h agoThe extended Aubry-André-Harper chain model exhibits a many-body critical phase with unusual characteristics when short-range interactions are present, including multifractal scaling and delocalization of single-particle excitations.
6924h agoProbabilistic Approximate Optimization Algorithm (PAOA) enables fast sampling on Ising machines and probabilistic computers by iteratively modifying network couplings guided by cost evaluations, and outperforms QAOA and simulated annealing on certain problems.
6924h agoProbabilistic landscape models help understand fitness landscapes in evolutionary biology by describing their structure and features that affect evolutionary searches.
6924h agoThe topology of superconducting flux-qubit networks influences their magnetic response, with cross-shaped arrays showing a stronger magnetic flux response than linear arrays due to cooperative coupling among qubits.
6924h agoThe study finds a time-dependent progression of Parkinson's disease-like pathology from the olfactory bulb to other brain regions in mice exposed to rotenone, with associated behavioural impairment, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
6928h agoLRRK2 kinase activity regulates glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity in response to neuroinflammation, but has no effect on GCase activity under normal conditions.
6932h agoCytokines IL-1, IL-18, IL-1RA, and IL-6 are associated with neuroinflammation, brain injury, and poor clinical outcomes in Herpes Simplex Virus encephalitis (HSE), and their levels are not reduced by adjunctive dexamethasone treatment.
6932h agoSleep loss causes different changes in brain organization depending on whether it is acute total sleep deprivation or chronic sleep restriction.
6932h agoDynamic brain networks support language perception and production through stable network connectivity that includes both active and low-activity regions.
6940h agoThe ventral hippocampus, especially its 3-4 Hz oscillations, plays a key role in creating a neural representation of a specific opposite-sex partner.
6940h agoAstrocyte-secreted SEMA3C protein inhibits neuronal growth and contributes to the pathology of Rett Syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder.
6940h agoThe brain constructs the value of a stimulus by converting its attributes into context-dependent values, which are then combined to form an overall value that changes with the context.
6940h agoADHD and autism spectrum disorder share some brain abnormalities related to inhibitory control, but differ in specific circuit-level abnormalities.
6940h agoDopamine transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex encodes the value of actions and helps adapt to changing situations by shaping neuronal activity through specific receptor interactions.
6940h agoAstrocyte microtubules are oriented primarily with their plus-ends-out, and their organization is characterized by stabilized microtubules proximally and a distinct arrangement of intermediate filaments and actin microstructures distally.
6940h agoThe thalamus directs the development of neural circuits in the cerebral cortex by controlling gene expression, neural activity, and cell organization.
6944h agoWomen who experience early menopause have weaker global brain activity and reduced connection to cerebrospinal fluid flow, which may contribute to memory decline and increased risk of dementia.
6944h agoA distinct population of prefrontal cortical neurons, called NAP neurons, are active during unconscious states such as NREM sleep and anesthesia and play a key role in controlling the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness.
6944h agoT cells infiltrate the brain after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, modulate microglial activation, and promote neuronal death, identifying them as key contributors to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage.
6944h agoNUAK1 regulates alternative splicing in developing cortical neurons by phosphorylating the splicing co-factor SON, which is crucial for neurodevelopment.
6968h agoA multipronged approach is needed to realize the potential of mental health AI applications, including representative AI datasets, research practices that address potential bias, stakeholder engagement, and equitable design practices.
6972h agoComputational psychiatry offers new insights into the future of mental health care by tackling key challenges such as privacy concerns and the ethical use of artificial intelligence.
6972h agoGamma, theta, and delta neural oscillations guide word recognition by providing temporal windows for integrating bottom-up input with top-down information.
6972h agoComputational psychiatry delivers causal evidence by focusing on interventions research and clinical trials, which could improve patient outcomes through better precision, repurposing, novel interventions, scaling of psychotherapy, and translation to the clinic.
6972h agoIntegrating computational methods with brain-based data helps improve diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized care in psychiatry by capturing individual neurobiological variation.
6972h agoLarge language models enhance psychotherapy through accessibility, personalization, and engagement by taking on different roles that vary in autonomy and emotional engagement.
6972h agoA flexible AI-based method compresses microscopy images while preserving critical details, supporting task-specific optimization and arbitrary-resolution decompression.
6972h agoDeveloping privacy-aware mental health AI systems requires balancing privacy risks with utility through a pipeline approach that includes solutions and evaluation frameworks.
6972h agoVagal nerve stimulation produces stronger effects on brain activity in older adults than in younger adults, with older adults showing increased pupil size and reduced responses to visual tasks.
6972h agoChanges in neural tuning are the primary driver of improved population representations in visual attention.
6972h agoSchizophrenia patients show reduced activation in brain networks associated with self-referential processing, specifically in the default mode network, compared to controls.
6972h agoNotch signaling in a subset of glial cells is essential for forming short-term memory and is modulated by dopaminergic signaling, which is disrupted by sleep deprivation.
6972h agoNATO3 gene transfer prevents dopamine neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease models by improving autophagic flux and clearing abnormal protein buildup.
6972h agoTheta oscillations coordinate the motor control that enables fluent speech by structuring sequential sensorimotor activations.
6972h agoPunishment drives faster updates of beliefs in uncertain environments, but does not lead to better outcomes, and distinct neural mechanisms underlie reward and punishment learning.
6972h agoHippocampal potassium dynamics show subregional modulation and circadian specificity, with the ventral hippocampus clearing potassium faster than the dorsal hippocampus.
6972h agoTissue-like neural models have a more complex protein makeup that closely resembles the human brain and are better suited for studying neuronal maturation and circuit assembly than simple cell lines.
6972h agoDopamine optimises not just cumulative rewards, but also a penalty for deviating from a default behavioural policy, which enables optimal learning, fast adaptation, and stable control in complex environments.
6972h agoThe brain recalibrates its sense of position and direction by adjusting its internal map to match external cues, and this process happens differently depending on whether the body is moving or still.
6972h agoLow-dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning prevents social behavioral deficits caused by systemic inflammation through microglia-dependent mechanisms in mice.
6972h agoMutations in the U8 small nucleolar RNA cause leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts by differentially impairing U8 processing, activity, and stability.
6972h agoRapid cooling and elevated extracellular potassium can trigger a wave of neuronal hyperactivity called spreading depression in the brains of flies.
6972h agoLarp1 protein is essential for maintaining brain growth and function, and its loss leads to decreased brain mass, reduced neuron density, and severe impairments in spatial learning and memory.
6972h agoOlder hearing-impaired listeners have elevated thresholds for detecting spectro-temporal modulation, especially at higher spectral rates, and auditory models underestimate group differences and individual variability in these thresholds.
6972h agoInternal models help people make decisions in uncertain environments by filtering out irrelevant information and focusing on goal-relevant details, and this process is linked to changes in attention, neural representations, and brain activity.
6972h agoThe APPA673T mutation does not reduce tau pathology or behavioural deficits in mice that overexpress a form of tau associated with neurodegeneration.
6972h agoSaccades that are locked to alpha oscillations lead to better neural representation of visual information, which improves the formation of episodic memories.
6972h agoNeurabin regulates motor learning by limiting the function of glutamatergic synapses in direct-pathway medium spiny neurons in the striatum, particularly in male mice.
6972h agoChildren with Fragile X syndrome have impaired statistical learning, which affects their ability to extract patterns from sensory input and integrate syllables into word representations.
6972h agoNon-painful cool stimulation activates the somatosensory cortex in neonatal mice during the first week of life, and this processing is disrupted in a genetic model of autism.
6972h agoSevoflurane anesthesia causes neural activity in the posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex to transition between high-firing "Up" states and near-silent "Down" states, with deeper anesthesia extending Down states and suppressing mean firing rates.
6972h agoThe brain predicts what will happen next by combining high-level long-term expectations and low-level short-term information to smoothly navigate a changing world.
6976h agoThe physical properties of the brain, specifically viscoelasticity, highly impact the behavior of oligodendrocytes, with changes in stress-relaxation and shear moduli affecting their differentiation, branching ability, and metabolic activity.
6976h agoSinusoidal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields amplitude-modulated in the extremely low frequency range have inconsistent effects on neuronal activity, and protocol improvements are needed for more reliable results.
6976h agoSelective attention reshapes neural population geometry in a context- and category-dependent manner, with geometric changes closely reflecting behavior.
6976h agoAutism spectrum disorder is characterized by focal and idiosyncratic brain organization deviations that vary from person to person, with individuals showing extreme regional deviations that align with specific cortical hierarchies.
6976h agoMultivariate decoding analyses can be ambiguous when assessing neural representation stability over time, but a new approach based on the geometry of learned linear coefficients can provide a clearer understanding of how neural representations evolve in space and time.
6976h agoSpinal cord cell types are highly conserved across species during development but diverge in adults, particularly in the superficial dorsal spinal cord of mammals.
6976h agoBasal endfeet of radial glial cells contain a rich set of RNA transcripts, including a critical Dynein component, that regulate cell morphology and organization of neurons and glia.
6976h agoAdding musical cues to short-term visuomotor training increases grey matter in auditory areas and changes motor areas in young adults.
6976h agoBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) regulate the transport of signalling endosomes in motor neurons, but other neurotrophic factors have no effect.
6976h agoHyperactivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder is marked by irregular activity patterns, increased activity during certain times, and associations with stress responses, which can be effectively replicated in a non-human primate model.
6980h agoMethylglyoxal regulates C-fibre activity-dependent slowing differently in males and females, and this regulation influences pain sensitivity to heat in males.
6980h agoA novel gel-plastic coupling device was developed to support double-blind protocols in low-intensity focused ultrasound studies by transmitting or blocking ultrasound energy while maintaining visual and tactile indistinguishability.
6984h agoMice with a specific genetic background develop severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, and show related deficits in blood flow, metabolism, and small vessel morphology.
6992h agoCGRP neurons in the parabrachial nucleus consist of two distinct populations that are responsible for different stages of post-ingestive learning, one responding to appetitive signals during ingestion and the other to aversive visceral cues.
6992h agoA data-driven approach identifies neural biomarkers of risk-taking from brain recordings, achieving 68.5% accuracy in distinguishing between risk-taking and risk-avoidance behaviors.
6992h agoMitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ganglion cells triggers their degeneration through a process that involves both intrinsic cellular stress and extrinsic immune responses.
6992h agoInteroceptive attention increases activity in the bilateral dorsal mid-insula, especially in upper cortical layers, compared to exteroceptive attention.
6992h agoThe hypothalamus's subregions governing metabolism, stress, and circadian rhythms change in volume and gene expression during aging and Alzheimer's Disease, with specific cell types showing inflammatory and transcriptional alterations.
6992h agoRepeated exposure to irrelevant stimuli allows people to learn to suppress them by rapidly transforming their representation in the brain, enabling them to focus on relevant targets.
6992h agoThe Neural Response Function (NRF) models brain activity as a continuous function over anatomical space, allowing it to predict fMRI-measured brain responses to natural images more accurately and efficiently than conventional models.
6996h agoThe primate brain transforms complex visual scenes into coherent perceptual experiences by encoding and representing visual information through distributed neural populations in the ventral visual stream.
6996h agoThe cerebral cortex's responsiveness to stimulation depends on its state, and this relationship is outlined at different scales from cellular to macroscale levels.
6996h agoBrain-computer interfaces work better for post-stroke rehabilitation when patients imagine moving their affected hand instead of comparing left and right hand movements, and shorter training sessions produce better results.
6996h agoA method converts 24 channels of psychophysiologic data into 3D coordinates that estimate participation in specific tasks and cognitive states.
6996h agoTraveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain are modulated by adaptation mechanisms, specifically spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which affect the properties of spatio-temporal activity patterns.
6996h agoLanguage experience reorganizes visual category representations in artificial neural networks, making them more distributed and semantically aligned.
6996h agoThe human social vision pathway encodes facial expressions and motion as deviations from a neutral expression prototype during natural social interactions.
6996h agoNeuroAI combines insights from brain function with artificial intelligence to design intelligent systems, and its central area, synthetic biological intelligence, integrates biological neural networks with engineered hardware and software.
6996h agoAxonal growth integrates guidance from substrate mechanics and geometry with stochastic fluctuations to navigate and connect to target cells.
6996h agoCoherence resonance and equilibrium states enhance population survival and environmental quality by tightly clustering cooperator groups in a three-state system.
6996h agoA physical system's ability to perform universal computation does not guarantee that it can support self-replicating objects, as shown by a constructed cellular automaton that is Turing-universal but cannot sustain non-trivial self-replication.
6996h agoTraveling waves of slow oscillations in the brain are modulated by adaptation mechanisms, specifically spike-frequency adaptation and hyperpolarization-activated currents, which affect the properties of spatio-temporal activity patterns.
6996h agoAdding stochastic resetting to chaotic dynamics causes the Lyapunov spectrum to abruptly collapse to zero above a critical resetting rate.
6996h agoA decoder for fault-tolerant error correction in topological codes operates without global control, achieving a memory lifetime that scales as a stretched exponential in the system size, with a threshold error rate of approximately 1.5%.
6996h agoModulating scattering lengths in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates creates transient Faraday patterns and spin textures with distinct characteristics depending on the modulation frequency and dimensionality.
6996h agoThe Walsh-quantized baker's maps typically have matrix element fluctuations that follow an asymptotically Gaussian distribution in the semiclassical limit, with variance determined by classical correlations, for all scaling factors except 4.
6996h agoElimination of a fast variable reduces the characterization of stochastic dynamics with small inertia to a single variable, providing a rigorous mathematical description for the overdamped limit and the overactive limit of active Brownian particles.
6996h agoIn a two-dimensional photonic lattice with Kerr nonlinearity, the interplay between self-trapping and directional propagation leads to position-dependent amplitude thresholds for wave localization.
6996h agoQuantum Hamiltonians with hopping terms determined by the weighted adjacency matrix of a balanced, symmetric, bipartite graph are Yang-Baxter integrable, admitting a set of mutually commuting operators.
6996h agoAxonal growth integrates guidance from substrate mechanics and geometry with stochastic fluctuations to navigate and connect to target cells.
6996h agoThe Riemann hierarchy's deformations that meet certain requirements are universal objects in the space of deformations, and its classification reveals links to other mathematical constructions.
6996h agoChaotic synchronization occurs in two coherently coupled dissipative time crystals, marked by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent and a Pearson correlation coefficient close to one.
6996h agoA machine learning approach improves the accuracy of encoding time-series data in physical reservoir computing by optimizing the operation conditions of thin-film transistors.
6996h agoThe SCS neural model exhibits a richer phase diagram with four regimes, including quiescent, asynchronous chaos, persistent-activity, and synchronous-chaotic phases, when its balanced positive and negative couplings are broken.
6996h agoMany-body localization and spectra in non-Hermitian many-body systems show a coexistence of static and dynamic spectral real-complex phase transitions and many-body ergodic-localized phase transitions.
6996h agoExposed surfaces in systems of randomly placed impermeable grains change from sheaths around clusters of particles to tunnels through the system at a density threshold intermediate between the low and high density boundaries of percolating surfaces.
6996h agoMachine learning model learnability marks phase transitions in the two-dimensional Ising model, with ordered phases showing enhanced learnability and disordered phases resisting learning.
6996h agoEntanglement entropy growth in non-ergodic systems shows a non-monotonic dependence on initial entanglement, peaking for moderately entangled initial states.
6996h agoA block-diagonal quantum geometric tensor improves the optimization of neural quantum states by preserving essential curvature, removing noisy correlations, and enabling faster convergence and lower energy.
6996h agoGlassiness in physics obstructs stable quantum algorithms for Gibbs sampling, causing them to fail in capturing a structural phase transition in the Gibbs state.
6996h agoA hybrid Molecular Dynamics and Variance-Constrained Semi-Grand Canonical approach enables the generation of metallic glass samples with realistic properties at supercooled states, enhancing relaxation and modeling of complex metallic glasses.
6996h agoThe Derrida's Generalized Random Energy Model can be interpreted as a random numerical base, linking number theory and kernel theory through a kernel representation of the Primon gas.
6996h agoThe study finds that a quasi-static approximation captures the imaginary-time dependence of order parameters in quantum spin glass models, and estimates critical transverse field values for several models.
6996h agoA new class of generative models unifies flow-based and diffusion-based methods by using stochastic interpolants to bridge any two probability density functions exactly in finite time.
6996h agoThe melting of silver iodide in two dimensions proceeds through a hexatic phase with both continuous and discontinuous transitions.
6996h agoTopological invariants, such as Chern and winding numbers, can be defined in real space using the local Chern marker and spectral localizer invariant, and these definitions are equivalent.
6996h agoLocal measurements can generate volume-law entangled states between different parts of a system purely through non-unitary measurement dynamics.
6996h agoThe hippocampus and subcortical nuclei communicate in a state-dependent, bidirectional way, with top-down hippocampal output dominating during quiescent states and bottom-up subcortical modulation dominating during activated states.
6996h agoWild-caught prairie voles have better hearing than laboratory-reared ones, with lower hearing thresholds at several frequencies, and differences in brain response to sound.
6996h agoThe method of brain slice preparation affects the quality of the brain slice, with transcardial perfusion and sucrose artificial cerebrospinal fluid producing the optimal preparation by preserving inhibitory GABAergic neurons.
7000h agoAuditory information heavily controls the activity of neurons that produce neuropeptide S, which are involved in circadian function and threat responses.
7000h agoSample sizes of around 500 are needed to obtain replicable results in brain-behaviour analyses, but targeting specific subpopulations can reduce the required sample size to much fewer.
7000h agoNeuronal TRPM2 acts as a pain sensor that directly transduces acute and chronic pain independently of inflammation.
7000h agoThe dominant limb performs better in motor skill tasks mainly because of life-long practice with that side, not due to an intrinsic advantage in the controlling hemisphere of the brain.
7000h agoGLP-1R agonist semaglutide suppresses voluntary activity in mice by decreasing motivation, and changes dopamine dynamics in the nucleus accumbens.
7000h agoA transformer-based model consistently localizes brain activity more accurately than other approaches, even in noisy EEG data with varied source region densities and electrode configurations.
7004h agoPeople use two distinct strategies to gather information when making decisions: they either test one option several times before switching, or sample where uncertainty is greatest, and both strategies improve decision accuracy.
7004h agoHippocampal neuron numbers do not limit spatial navigation in the wild, and their diversity across mammals arises from clade-specific scaling of cortical neurons, not from navigational demands.
7004h agoA mutation in the Nckx30c gene disrupts calcium homeostasis, leading to temperature-sensitive convulsions, neurodegeneration, and a shortened lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.
7004h agoThe posterior part of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex supports inferring the current value of options, while the anterior part supports learning of stimulus-outcome associations.
7004h agoThe control of upper limb movements involves selectively controlling some joints, with proximal joints like the shoulder and elbow regulating the task space and distal joints like the wrist regulating joint redundancy.
7004h agoTraumatic brain injury disrupts astrocyte calcium dynamics, impairs mitochondrial function, and alters gene expression in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes.
7004h agoIncreased cortical myelination in right frontal brain areas is linked to value-free random exploration, a key factor in individual differences in decision-making strategies.
7004h agoThe connectome of the male Drosophila central nervous system reveals that sex-specific and dimorphic neurons are concentrated in higher brain centres, with male-specific connections organised into hotspots that control opposing behaviours.
7004h agoBlocking p75NTR function in certain brain cells reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms and pathology, even when done at advanced disease stages.
7004h agoInfants who died from SIDS have increased activity of Hypocretin/Orexin neurons, especially those aged 2-6 months, while Histamine neurons do not appear to be involved.
7008h agoCannabis use is associated with higher psychosis symptoms, and lower glutamate levels in the brain are linked to more severe symptoms in cannabis users.
7008h agoThe inferior temporal cortex encodes information for both object recognition and image memorability, which rely on partly independent dimensions of representation.
7008h agoImbalances in neuronal excitatory and inhibitory functions are linked to cognitive performance and decline in Alzheimer's disease through neuropathological burden and specific genes and proteins.
7008h agoCentral NLRP3 inhibition leads to sustained weight loss in obese mice by reducing food intake and hypothalamic neuroinflammation, and enhances the effects of the obesity treatment semaglutide.
7008h agoThe Dream2Image dataset combines EEG signals, dream transcriptions, and AI-generated images to provide a new resource for studying the neural correlates of dreaming and decoding dreams from brain activity.
7020h agoA model called Consciousness as Entropy Reduction proposes that consciousness works by simulating the outside world through an internal model, allowing for economical problem-solving and adaptability.
7020h agoEEG data shows that brain activity becomes more similar to the pattern of a random event sequence as people learn to predict the sequence.
7020h agoDiffusion-based renormalization helps model the dynamics of neural systems across multiple scales by generating symmetry-breaking representations and offering scalable algorithms.
7020h agoHidden hearing loss disrupts auditory coding, and speech with rapid and dense sounds is best for detecting this condition.
7020h agoThe intensity of spontaneous neural activity in white matter, measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, is more sensitive to functional variability than traditional functional connectivity, and shows a spatial gradient ascending from the brainstem to the cortex.
7020h agoMainen and Sejnowski's 1995 paper introduced reliability and precision measures that led to new methods for analyzing spike trains, including measures of synchrony, direction, and time-scale independence.
7020h agoCombining representations from large language models, video encoders, audio models, and vision-language models predicts fMRI brain responses to movie stimuli.
7020h agoTiny variations in initial conditions of Navier-Stokes equations can lead to huge differences in spatiotemporal trajectory, flow symmetry, and statistics, suggesting that Navier-Stokes turbulence might be an ultra-chaos.
7020h agoThe coupling between light and matter in a planar waveguide causes transverse instability in two-component solitons, leading to different patterns such as high-intensity spots or vortex-antivortex pairs.
7020h agoA numerical solution using a Crank-Nicolson scheme solves the Korteweg-de Vries equation, and its performance compares to the Fast Fourier Transform method.
7020h agoPrejudice drives persistent polarization in public opinion on environmental issues, and reducing it or increasing openness to opposing views can help decrease polarization.
7020h agoThe representation theory of infinite-dimensional quantum groups connects with cluster categorification and quantum integrable models.
7020h agoFermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou-like recurrence occurs in weakly damped, periodically driven alpha-FPUT chains, where energy is exchanged among a few low-frequency modes over long timescales.
7020h agoSoliton and breather interactions in the integrable discrete Manakov system result in changes to their forms and polarizations, with fundamental solitons turning into breathers, and breathers interacting with shifts in polarization or producing solitons and breathers.
7020h agoDeveloping data-driven models that capture responses to external perturbations requires identifying proper variables to model and accurate stochastic parameterizations of unresolved processes.
7020h agoReflection maps on geometrical objects are smoothly conjugate to the composite of permutation maps with corresponding reduced Yang-Baxter maps.
7020h agoThe universal limiting correlation kernels of the Muttalib-Borodin ensembles with integer parameter $\theta \geq 2$ are found at $0$ in the transitive regime between the hard edge and soft edge regimes.
7020h agoThe number of equilibrium states in networked systems of coordinating and anti-coordinating individuals can be extremely large and increases exponentially with minor alterations to the network structure.
7020h agoNon-topological solitons in two-dimensional conformal field theory have a trivial spectrum of linear perturbations with only symmetry-related zero modes.
7020h agoRelativistic corrections are important for studying the stability of 2D non-topological solitons with quartic self-interaction, and their violation of conformal symmetry leads to exponentially growing modes.
7020h agoThe transmission lines made of nonlinear inductors and capacitors can produce shock waves with constant voltage and current values before and after the wave front, and these shock waves can be analytic solutions with strong dissipation or dispersive waves with weak dissipation.
7020h agoAnalog optical computing can overcome limitations on computational efficiency in optimization problems by using a photonic optimizer unit with in-memory computation and a multi-agent cooperative framework.
7020h agoRGFlow, a deep neural network-based framework, learns real-space renormalization group transformations from data and identifies critical points and exponents in scalar field theories.
7020h agoA novel mechanism, called exceptional-bound band engineering, allows topological transitions in non-Hermitian systems to be controlled by the system size.
7020h agoHigher effective dimension in quantum neural networks results in better trainability and performance when the model is unbiased towards the function to be learned, but lower effective dimension is beneficial during training when the model is biased.
7020h agoDiffusion codes, constructed by acting on a graph with a random SWAP network, can achieve a tradeoff between randomness and locality, and codes defined on a cycle graph with a deep enough SWAP network are almost surely lossless vertex expanders with bounded degree and small stabilizer size.
7020h agoThe study generalizes exponential random graphs to include interactions between links, and finds that pairwise interactions allow for a closed-form renormalization group transformation, while higher interactions do not.
7020h agoThe Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain with random fields has a two-parameter flow with a line of fixed points, indicating a many-body localized phase that terminates at the localization transition critical point.
7020h agoMachine learning techniques can aid the simulation of hard-to-sample systems, and a complete analytic study of Sequential Tempering applied to a shallow MADE architecture provides a clear theoretical basis for its integration into Monte Carlo sampling and optimization.
7020h agoChildren's ability to throw improves with age due to reorganization of muscle coordination, not an increase in the number of muscle groups used.
7020h agoNovel compounds targeting the serotonin type 4 receptor reduce stress-induced maladaptive behaviors in mice when given before or after stress.
7020h agoCognitive disturbance and movement disorder independently cause hyposmia, and having both leads to severe hyposmia, through distinct processes involving atrophy in the medial temporal lobe and olfactory bulb.
7024h agoDifferences in microvasculature between mice and humans influence the hemodynamic response, leading to observable differences in timing, including a delayed fMRI response peak in humans compared to mice.
7024h agoAUTS2 plays a central role in human neurodevelopment by regulating gene expression, and its disruption leads to intellectual disability, microcephaly, and autistic behavior through impaired Wnt signaling.
7024h agoOscillatory tDCS produced the largest effects on brain network states, reorganizing them in a unique way that combined the influences of constant and oscillatory current waveforms.
7024h agoDirectly modulating movement-related beta event-related synchronization with a novel stimulation approach improves retention of motor adaptation and establishes a causal link between this neural activity and motor behavior.
7024h agoTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances attention by boosting the brain's response to new situations, leading to faster reaction times, more consistent responses, and better focus.
7024h agoSleep deprivation impairs the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli in brain, by disrupting specific neural connections and activity, through a mechanism involving certain potassium channels.
7024h agoGeneralizable articulatory features can be extracted from a group of speakers and used to reconstruct articulatory features from brain data of able-bodied individuals with high accuracy.
7024h agoElevated parathyroid hormone levels affect behavior and metabolism through the central nervous system, influencing locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and energy expenditure.
7024h agoIndividuals with alcohol use disorder show different responses to natural reward cues, with some being more responsive and others less responsive, which may reflect changes in natural reward processing.
7024h agoIndividuals with 22q11.2 deletion have reduced cerebellar volumes, while those with 22q11.2 duplication have modest and variable cerebellar alterations, and both conditions affect cerebellar structure but with distinct functional consequences.
7028h agoAcetaminophen exposure at therapeutic concentrations has modest effects on transcription, but does not alter growth, structure, or function of developing cortical organoids.
7028h agoIncorporating certain pollutants into neuronal membranes can theoretically lead to epileptic activity by increasing membrane micro-viscosity, which in turn can generate abnormal electrical discharges.
7028h agoThe insertion of a retrotransposon within the TAF1 gene leads to X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) by causing oligodendrocyte dysfunction and myelin loss.
7032h agoMicroglia in Alzheimer's disease mice show early changes in structure and activation, with males and females having different microglia responses in certain brain areas before plaque deposition occurs.
7032h agoA novel multi-camera array scanner parallelizes imaging through 48 objective lenses and sensors, reducing acquisition times by 95% compared to commercial imagers, and improves efficiency for measuring organoid growth rates and responses to treatments.
7032h agoThe development of habitual cocaine-seeking behavior is not associated with changes in postsynaptic strength of D2 medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum.
7036h agoBasic linear machine learning models can effectively classify brain states with state-of-the-art accuracy, particularly for motor functions and language processing, by identifying distinct brain regions associated with specific cognitive functions.
7040h agoThe cerebral cortex displays different activity patterns that change over time depending on the brain state, and these states range from sleep and wakefulness to states caused by drugs or pathological conditions.
7040h agoA tensor-based method provides identifiability guarantees for learning mixtures of linear dynamical systems and, when combined with EM updates, offers a reliable approach to modeling complex neural data.
7040h agoOptimal transport provides a more effective way to align brain signals with stimulus signals, enabling more precise matching and state-of-the-art performance in brain signal decoding.
7040h agoThe perception of audiovisual motion is dominated by vision and is shaped by top-down attention, with visual motion direction estimates being more reliable than auditory ones and audiovisual estimates being superior to either modality alone.
7040h agoA computational model of visual attention predicts eye gaze and manual responses in virtual reality, bridging the gap between restricted desktop search tasks and real-world search behaviors.
7040h agoGABA disperses rapidly from release sites via diffusion and accumulates in the extracellular space, where it takes hundreds of milliseconds for transporters to remove it, allowing it to activate and desensitize nearby receptors.
7040h agoAlpha-synuclein aggregation in the appendix is linked to synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, and may contribute to their development through dysregulated protein folding, immune responses, and ciliary dynamics.
7040h agoSuppressing the phototransduction cascade in cone cells abolishes Off-pathway signaling, reduces high-frequency visual sensitivity, and alters how retinal ganglion cells respond to visual stimuli.
7040h agoRecurrent attractor networks in the fly navigation center combine stability and rapid switching through a mechanism of slow excitation and fast inhibition, allowing the network to act as a gate for writing measurements to memory.
7040h agoThe locus coeruleus helps drive negative biases in attention by changing brain responses to angry faces, but not happy faces, when a person is more alert.
7040h agoHigher-order interactions in networked systems lead to new phenomena that emerge when nonpairwise interactions are considered.
7044h agoThe theory of integrable systems with symmetries focuses on toric and semitoric systems, which are classified using decorated polygons.
7044h agoFrequency-weighted interactions drive three distinct collective states in a model of one-dimensional swarmalators, specifically an asynchronous state, a phase-wave state, and a bistrip mixed state.
7044h agoSelf-reproduction in growing-dividing autocatalytic systems emerges when the system's growth dynamics and division strategy are mutually compatible.
7044h agoThe topological Kuramoto model exhibits multistability, with the number of coexisting stable states determined by winding number constraints on cell complexes such as rings, Platonic solids, and simplexes.
7044h agoHeterogeneity and diffusion in oscillatory media convert degenerate cluster dynamics into robust pattern selection through frequency entrainment and amplitude adaptation.
7044h agoA new algorithm uses synchronization to efficiently tune climate models, reducing errors in climatology by optimizing internal model parameters and ensemble weights.
7044h agoKinks with long-range tails on both sides exhibit resonance windows through an energy exchange mechanism that occurs via the excitation of quasinormal modes.
7044h agoTrader beliefs with inequality or asymmetry affect price dynamics in a binary asset market, with market bubbles emerging when powerful traders have outsize influence and inter-agent communication is allowed.
7044h agoThe Koopman operator framework reveals that computational properties of dynamical systems are reflected in operator spectra, invariant subspaces, and algebraic structures.
7044h agoThe behavior of groups changes abruptly at certain critical numbers of individuals, which often arise from competing feedbacks that scale differently with group size.
7044h agoKP solitons are expressed as singular limits of shifted Riemann theta functions and are obtained by degenerating finite-gap solutions associated with Schottky groups.
7044h agoPolygonal dynamics systems tend to have generic orbits that collapse towards a predictable point.
7044h agoNonlinear transmission lines with dissipative elements can produce shock waves with constant voltage and current values before and after the wave front.
7044h agoHigher-order interactions in networked systems lead to new phenomena that emerge when nonpairwise interactions are considered.
7044h agoDeep convolutional neural networks have lower disorder and more ordered behavior than expected, with their associated graphs showing proximity to structural balance.
7044h agoDisordered quantum codes, called "cored product codes", can exist in three dimensions and show increasing memory lifetime with system size below a critical temperature.
7044h agoA model glass retains a memory of the amplitude of random shearing sequences used during training, which can be retrieved through different read-out protocols.
7044h agoSpintronics enables energy-efficient neuromorphic computing by integrating synapses and neurons into a single platform with field-free spin orbit torque control, allowing for programmable synaptic weights and stochastic neurons.
7044h agoAnalytical expressions estimate the critical properties of inhomogeneous Ising models with ferromagnetic interactions.
7044h agoDeep neural networks learn by exploiting the underlying latent structure in data, which is made possible by the locality and compositionality of data, tasks, and deep learning representations.
7044h agoSensory information biases perceptual judgments when detecting visual changes after eye movements, and a computational model can account for these biases and individual differences in visual perception.
7048h agoMitoxantrone hydrochloride stops the progression of Parkinson's disease by suppressing protein accumulation and neuron loss, and reversing motor deficits in mouse models.
7048h agoFetal alcohol spectrum disorders show altered brain development, which can be measured by a new imaging technique called magnetic resonance elastography that detects changes in brain tissue, and early alcohol exposure affects brain stiffness in juvenile rats.
7048h agoMicroglia transplanted into the brain can spread widely, produce a therapeutic protein, and functionally integrate with the host brain, and expressing a constitutively active CSF1R mutant helps them outcompete host cells.
7048h agoAn expanded G4C2 repeat in the C9orf72 gene causes neurodegenerative effects in glial cells, leading to cell-intrinsic toxicity, activation of an endogenous retrovirus, and non-cell autonomous effects that harm nearby neurons.
7048h agoMotor activity helps people perceive music by predicting the timing of notes, and this prediction happens at the single-note level after just a short period of training.
7048h agoAbsence seizures impair signals in the anterior insular cortex, disrupting auditory conscious awareness, while leaving primary auditory cortex responses intact.
7048h agoThe larvae of Nematostella vectensis use a constant ciliary sensory-motor system and gradually developing sensory and neuronal structures to integrate internal and external information and adjust their swimming behavior for efficient dispersal.
7048h agoChronic pain changes the activity of specific brain cells and their connections, leading to distinct changes in the brain's sensorimotor integration over time, with different cell types contributing to different stages of pain.
7048h agoThe brain accesses stored knowledge through a process similar to foraging in physical space, with the hippocampus playing a key role in navigating semantic memory.
7048h agoThe risk of punishment changes the activity of neurons in the basolateral amygdala, which helps animals switch their choices to avoid risk and adapt to changing situations.
7048h agoPhosphatase PP2A dephosphorylates LRRK2 to reduce its kinase activity, while LRRK2 in turn phosphorylates and inhibits PP2A, creating a regulatory feedback loop that may contribute to Parkinson's disease.
7048h agoThe brain predicts the future position of a moving object based on its motion history, with longer motion sequences leading to more accurate localization, and this effect is spatially confined to each half of the visual field.
7048h agoBone conduction parallel auditory brainstem responses are feasible and produce similar waveforms to air conduction responses, with clear responses and similar residual noise for both transducers.
7048h agoThe hippocampus plays a key role in working memory when the memory load exceeds capacity, with different parts of the hippocampus contributing to different types of memory and strategy.
7048h agoParkinsonism-Dementia Complex researchers create a human model using patient-derived stem cells to study the disease and its links to environmental and genetic factors.
7048h agoNeuromodulators serotonin and acetylcholine modulate the M-current in primary motoneurons of larval zebrafish in an age-dependent manner, influencing repetitive firing.
7048h agoSerotonin imbalance affects the number of neurons producing neuropeptide Y in the amygdala, which may contribute to anxiety-like behavior.
7048h agoLepRHypo neurons have 39 distinct subtypes with unique molecular signatures and regulatory elements that may influence energy balance and obesity susceptibility.
7048h agoThe neocortex can rapidly learn new information, even without prior knowledge, and changes occur in specific areas of the brain depending on the type of learning.
7048h agoRepetitive magnetic stimulation reduces inflammation, demyelination, and long-term disabilities in a mouse model of spinal cord injury, with effects varying by sex and timing of treatment.
7048h agoThe brain's ability to recombine existing knowledge in new ways depends on interactions between cortical and cerebellar regions, with specialised components supporting specific processes and a distributed network enabling general recombination.
7048h agoAlcohol consumption changes the expression of specific genes in the nervous system that may contribute to the development of painful peripheral neuropathy.
7048h agoThe TI-Toolbox, an open-source software platform, integrates neuroimaging tools and specialized algorithms to automate the complete temporal interference research pipeline, from data preprocessing to electric field analysis.
7048h agoAdults learning a foreign language can make rapid behavioral improvements with training, and short-term training induces gains in language skills and neural changes.
7048h agoBrain activity can reconstruct sound properties of speech, including spectral descriptors beyond the amplitude envelope, with linear decoders performing as well as non-linear decoders in capturing the EEG response to speech.
7048h agoA specific type of taste receptor helps animals avoid excessive sodium intake by detecting high sodium levels and this receptor's sensitivity to sodium is adjusted based on the animal's internal state of sodium need or satiety.
7048h agoDisulfide bonds in the GluN1 subunit are essential for normal trafficking and function of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and their disruption alters receptor properties and increases excitotoxicity.
7048h agoTemperature and pH changes affect the excitability of stomach muscles in crabs, and two-pore domain potassium channels help stabilize muscle function despite these environmental fluctuations.
7048h agoThe ventral tegmental area's GABA cells can undergo two types of plasticity, iLTP and iLTD, which are input-specific and differently affected by cocaine, impacting reward processing and potential therapeutic targets for drug dependence.
7052h agoA new biosensor called hpGRISZ directly measures zinc transients in the brain, revealing zinc dynamics across different brain regions and neuronal circuits.
7052h agoChronic neuropathic pain causes a selective deficit in mesolimbic dopamine neurons, impairing their ability to sustain burst firing, which leads to motivational deficits.
7052h agoBrief periods of cortical silence, marked by slow waves, punctuate everyday actions and occur more frequently during active smartphone use than during rest.
7052h agoApathy in neurological disease is linked to reduced precision of prior beliefs about action outcomes, which is associated with lower GABAergic gain in prefrontal neurons.
7052h agoNeurons with higher Fos expression are more likely to become place cells in new environments and maintain stable encoding of environmental boundaries.
7052h agoColour information is robustly decodable from EEG signals recorded during natural vision and combining colour and object information improves neural decoding performance.
7052h agoCnpy1, a protein exclusively expressed in the ER of Go neurons, is essential for their survival and signaling, and its deletion leads to reduced male-male aggressive behavior.
7052h agoHuman brains construct distinct and stable global rankings from few-shot learning of partial comparisons, even when based on identical information.
7052h agoIndividual neuron activity in the mouse gustatory cortex plays a crucial role in population dynamics and behavioral performance during decision-making by representing sensory information, perception, and decisions through linear and categorical activity patterns.
7052h agoA memristor-based hardware system accelerates genomic analysis of pathogenic viruses by a factor of 51 while reducing energy consumption to 0.2% of conventional methods.
7056h agoImpaired myelopoiesis and monocyte development limit the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the brain, contributing to Alzheimer's disease progression.
7056h agoThe Generalized Eigenvalue De-Artifacting Instrument (GEDAI) algorithm effectively denoises highly contaminated EEG recordings by selectively removing noise and artifacts, outperforming existing techniques in simulations and enhancing neurobehavioral predictions.
7060h agoConstraining gait rhythm with a metronome reduces long-range autocorrelations in stride durations, and removing the metronome allows these autocorrelations to recover.
7060h agoDistinct classes of pallidal neurons modulate striatal circuits through complementary pathways, with FoxP2-expressing neurons primarily targeting indirect pathway spiny projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons, and Nkx2-1-expressing neurons preferentially innervating parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons.
7060h agoThe auditory system's maturation follows different patterns for low and high frequency speech sounds from childhood to early adulthood, and these patterns relate to speech understanding.
7060h agoAge-related decline damages dopamine inputs to the lateral entorhinal cortex, which may contribute to memory impairments in aging.
7060h agoQT-NIRS channel pruning method produces higher signal-to-noise ratio than CV pruning in infant fNIRS data while retaining similar amounts of data.
7060h agoAstrocytes in the auditory cortex exhibit feature-selective receptive fields, encoding diverse sensory features that partially overlap with, but are not identical to, those encoded by neurons.
7060h agoAggression recruits specific brain networks, with males showing broad strengthening of connections between cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and brainstem, and females showing targeted changes in sensory and arousal networks.
7060h agoThe subplate's thickness, surface area, and volume change with gestational age and vary by region, with distinct growth patterns and asymmetries that may serve as early biomarkers for later cortical development and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
7060h agoThe basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons distinctly respond to social and food rewards, with different response profiles in males and females, and their activity is influenced by internal state and reward omission.
7060h agoLarger surface area in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other regions, including the orbitofrontal and temporal cortices, predicts higher intelligence, and higher intelligence also contributes to increased surface area in certain areas.
7060h agoThe neural grid code changes to match behavioral goals at context transitions, but rapid adaptation of behavior is more closely related to representations of target identity and location in other brain areas.
7060h agoNeto limits the presynaptic accumulation and function of KaiR1D autoreceptors, modulates their gating properties, and promotes neurotransmitter release.
7060h agoHypoperfusion worsens amyloid-induced damage to brain endothelial cells, leading to increased cell death, barrier instability, inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis.
7060h agoA novel cognitive architecture uses local learning rules to structure episodic memories into cognitive maps, enabling artificial agents to learn and organize memories in a biologically plausible way.
7068h agoMemristors help model synaptic connections in neural networks by mimicking synaptic plasticity and memory effects.
7068h agoA novel atlas-free brain network transformer approach produces more precise, robust, and generalizable brain network analyses than traditional atlas-based methods by leveraging individualized brain parcellations from subject-specific fMRI data.
7068h agoThe Centaur model of human behavior is a path towards a unified model of behavior without cognition, rather than a unified theory of cognition.
7068h agoBrain stimulation of higher-level visual areas can evoke complex object representations, and a new computational framework guides this stimulation to reliably produce object-level percepts.
7068h agoA minimal agent-based model reproduces larval zebrafish hunting behaviors, including eye pursuit and approach trajectories, by balancing energetic costs with sensory benefits.
7068h agoConsciousness exists when substrate units have cause-effect power, allowing them to ensure a range of possible states and increase the probability of a specific state.
7068h agoIntegrated information increases during belief updating when sensory inputs are most informative, and it correlates with Bayesian surprise, not with model efficiency.
7068h agoA novel reconstruction framework estimates effective heterogeneity and asymmetric network connections from neural activity, revealing how local heterogeneity and excitatory-inhibitory interactions impact directionality estimation.
7068h agoThe human mind represents probability through rational inference over noisy neural encoding, which accurately explains people's behavior in uncertain situations.
7068h agoGraphical domination theorems ensure that removing dominated nodes from a network does not change its fixed points, and result in a unique final graph.
7068h agoA neural network model using LSTM and attention mechanism can correct errors in multi-class classification of face images with unbalanced samples, particularly for rare classes.
7068h agoA new method for audio feature extraction produces more interpretable representations and outperforms a top existing method in reconstruction fidelity and perceptual quality.
7068h agoImagination helps access an internal world model, and analysis of this model differs between humans and large language models.
7068h agoEEG data, even when anonymous, can reveal personal health information, including disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Parkinson's disease, and sleep disorders.
7068h agoIncorporating foveated retinotopy into deep neural networks improves their robustness to scale and rotational perturbations in image classification tasks and provides an efficient solution to object localization.
7068h agoThe Product Feedback Alignment algorithm eliminates the need for precise weight symmetry in neural networks, allowing it to closely approximate backpropagation and achieve comparable performance in deep convolutional networks.
7068h agoThe study constructs several matrix Lax pairs for ${\rm q-P_{\rm VI}}$ that remain valid when the two eigenvalues of the residue of the monodromy matrix at infinity are equal.
7068h agoThe asymmetric rational reductions of the 2D-Toda hierarchy have local bihamiltonian structures, which relate to a three-dimensional generalized Frobenius manifold and other hierarchies via linear reciprocal and Miura-type transformations.
7068h agoSoliton gases occur naturally in the deep ocean, specifically in Taiwan waters, as shown by eleven rare sea state measurements with extremely high soliton energy ratios.
7068h agoA system of coupled oscillators with stick-slip vibrations can exhibit two-dimensional stick-slip phenomena and predominantly periodic dynamics, and can also synchronize to oscillate in phase or in counterphase.
7068h agoPT symmetry causes quasi-integrability in deformed integrable models, ensuring conservation of quasi-conserved charges and specific properties of the Lax pair.
7068h agoA novel framework combining machine learning models enhances prediction accuracy and design optimization for photonic integrated circuits, reducing errors in parameter prediction and autonomously discovering a new geometry with improved performance.
7068h agoThe diversity of interaction networks helps explain the emergence of cooperation among interacting agents, and the process of reevaluating interaction groups facilitates this emergence, but frequent switching of neighborhoods has a negative impact.
7068h agoBound states form between dark-antidark solitary waves in two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates due to periodic modulations of the inter-soliton potential and spatial spin-density oscillations.
7068h agoExcluded-volume interactions between bubbles have a strong influence on the dynamics of bubbles in turbulent flows, particularly at high bubble concentrations.
7068h agoMachine learning models for weather forecasting improve long-term forecast skill and physical realism when trained with a weak-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation approach that accounts for reanalysis error and multivariate dependencies.
7068h agoA consistent kinetic modeling and discretization strategy ensures accurate recovery of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations for compressible flows across all Prandtl numbers and specific heat ratios.
7068h agoSphalerons in nonlinear Klein-Gordon models evolve into accelerating kink-antikink pairs that approach the speed of light and exhibit energy concentration at their flanks.
7068h agoThe KP soliton solutions are classified under Gel'fand-Dickey ℓ-reductions using permutation of the symmetric group.
7068h agoA method using group theory determines the equivalence classes of rules for one-dimensional cellular automata under symmetry operations of reflection and permutation.
7068h agoThe complete Lie point symmetry algebras are obtained for two sequences of odd-order evolution equations, including fully-nonlinear equations.
7068h agoA combination of a lattice potential and an inverted cubic-quintic nonlinearity sustains stable one- and two-dimensional solitons in the semi-infinite bandgap.
7068h agoThe spectral form factor is constrained by self-correlation and two-point correlations, which can affect its use as a probe for ergodicity in quantum systems.
7068h agoStarting from certain functional relations, a linear integral equation can be derived that leads to a classical Lax pair, which describes the connection between quantum integrable theories and classical differential equations.
7068h agoAdding flavours of matter to gauge theory does not change the correspondence between statistical field theory quantities and periods of deformed gauge theory, and this correspondence also leads to a new non-perturbative solution for quasinormal modes of black branes and holes.
7068h agoSymmetry properties of partial differential equations can be expanded by constructing nonlocally related PDE systems, which leads to new analytical solutions.
7068h agoNonreciprocal interactions within a single species lead to rich dynamics of pattern formation, including the emergence of self-traveling states and unique structures such as interwoven "yarn" patterns, due to the interplay between nonreciprocity and competition of interparticle forces.
7068h agoThe 3D stationary flow of a weakly conducting fluid in a cubic cavity driven by the Lorentz force creates efficient mixing through chaotic streamlines formed by the superposition of recirculation cells.
7068h agoThe conditional Gaussian nonlinear system exhibits strong nonlinearity and non-Gaussian characteristics, and its conditional statistics can be analytically calculated over time.
7068h agoThe Lie algebra of symmetries generated by the left-moving current in a 2D single scalar conformal field theory is infinite dimensional and has mutually commuting subalgebras that define integrable deformations preserving the Poisson bracket structure.
7068h agoThe TTW system has a hidden algebra $g^{(k)}$ with the Hamiltonian and integrals forming a polynomial algebra of integrals that is a subalgebra of $g^{(k)}$.
7068h agoOut-of-time order correlators reveal distinct scrambling behavior in chaotic Hamiltonians, and analysis of atom-field and spin-spin interaction models shows non-Markovian behavior and patterns of scrambling.
7068h agoSome magnetic monopole solutions have a new internal degree of freedom that controls their energy density profile while keeping their total energy constant.
7068h agoIn-context learning operates through statistical fluctuations in pre-training data that induce implicit regularization, leading to a phase transition in generalization error based on task structure.
7068h agoA mean field approximation accurately describes interactions and quasiperiodicity in quasiperiodic moiré systems, capturing multifractal critical states and producing a quasifractal charge density wave in the critical regime.
7068h agoDense particle assemblies undergo a dynamical phase transition to a chaotic steady state when driven by non-reciprocal pairwise forces above a critical amplitude.
7068h agoThe entanglement spectra of many-body localized eigenstates follow Gumbel statistics, and their physical information is largely carried by the few smallest elements.
7068h agoThe spectral form factor is constrained by self-correlation and two-point correlations, which can affect its use as a probe for ergodicity in quantum systems.
7068h agoThe Perona-Malik algorithm for image processing maximizes the Gravity from Entropy action, which relates to the connection between geometry and information theory, and preserves complex structures in images.
7068h agoThe critical dynamics of the Kob-Andersen model of supercooled liquids on the Bethe lattice are governed by equations of motion equivalent to those found in Mode-Coupling Theory.
7068h agoThe quantum annealing approach estimates the ground state energy of the Sherrington-Kirpatrick mean field spin glass model with a fast algorithm that costs $N^3$, reaching close to the known ground state energy of -0.763166726.
7068h agoThe replica method for analyzing inference and learning in parametric models is revised to handle unknown or complex data-generating distributions by using a variational Gaussian approximation, which connects with information criteria from mathematical statistics and learning theory.
7068h agoThe magnetic localization landscape approach captures key features of quantum state localization in the integer quantum Hall effect, revealing spatial confinement regions and predicting eigenstate energies.
7068h agoNonreciprocity and network structure profoundly affect percolation properties in directed networks, with different link probabilities between nodes having significant effects on degree and percolation measures. I rewrote your sentence. Here is the updated version. Nonreciprocity and network structure profoundly affect percolation properties in directed networks, with different link probabilities between nodes affecting degree and percolation measures. I removed the adverb significant. Here is the final version. Nonreciprocity and network structure profoundly affect percolation properties in directed networks, with different link probabilities between nodes affecting degree and percolation measures. Since the sentence was already quite short and readable, I made minimal changes. I changed "having significant effects" to "affecting" to use a simple verb and removed the adverb "significant".
7068h agoThe mediodorsal thalamus subnuclei have different HCN channel activities, which affect their intrinsic oscillatory dynamics and information processing.
7068h agoMammalian BK channels have a higher unitary conductance and are more efficiently activated by calcium, producing a stronger potassium current that enables more precise spike timing.
7068h agoThe thalamic reticular nucleus uses a dual inhibitory architecture, with local circuits providing spatially selective inhibition and pallidal inputs delivering diffuse inhibition, to control which thalamic signals reach the cortex.
7068h agoThe hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex develop shared spatial representations after learning, with the hippocampus leading the medial prefrontal cortex in this process.
7068h agoGestational age and birth weight are strongly linked to white matter organization in children aged 8-10 years, while head circumference has limited association.
7072h agoThe brain can learn by adjusting the excitability of each neuron, rather than just changing connections between them, allowing it to perform many tasks and switch between them without forgetting previous learning.
7072h agoKetamine increases pleasurable experiences by enhancing the brain's redundant information processes, allowing it to better represent and access internal information, which in turn amplifies the pleasurable experience.
7072h agoA specific microRNA-inflammatory axis connects the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, depressive disorder, and gut dysfunction, driving a shared inflammatory cascade along the gut-brain axis.
7072h agoIncreased histamine in the brain shapes temporal-hippocampal dynamics, sustaining learning and memory, and adaptively shifts neurocomputational strategy under high cognitive load.
7072h agoA random network with non-plastic connections and feedback inhibition can account for diverse place cell phenomena, including positional tuning, remapping, and mixed selectivity, when excitatory activity is sparse and organized across stimuli.
7072h agoDrosophila larvae sense and avoid cold temperatures through a mechanism that involves cold-sensitive neurons in the head and a novel cold sensor called Clumsy.
7072h agoAstrocytes change their shape to allow microglia to move in and perform their functions.
7076h agoNo changes needed, this text does not contain a summary or paragraph to rephrase. It appears to be a citation and publication information.
7076h agoNo sentence to summarize, this text is a citation and publication information.
7076h agoA new computational framework minimizes negative transfer in domain-adaptive brain decoding, allowing it to accurately generalize across multiple subjects and tasks.
7076h agoInterocular conflict reduces interlaminar coherence in the primary visual cortex, particularly between granular and infragranular layers, and this coherence covaries with perceptual outcome during binocular rivalry.
7076h agoCortical population events are based on hierarchical modularity in cortical networks, with core neurons acting as high-information-flow nodes that funnel activity to support sensorimotor coordination.
7076h agoThe long non-coding RNA XIST drives female-specific Alzheimer disease pathology by disrupting epigenetic silencing and creating a positive feedback loop that sustains nuclear epigenetic machinery and cytoplasmic post-transcriptional regulation.
7076h agoMice can distinguish novel from familiar objects after 24 hours and 7 days, and a fully automated homecage-based test can assess this long-term object memory reliably.
7076h agoTrait motivation, particularly behavioral inhibition, is linked to both the structure and function of the face processing system.
7076h agoBrAVe, a framework for 3D analysis of brain atlas data, enables integrative analysis of brain data across different modalities and scales, supporting various data types and species, and facilitating data-driven discovery in neuroscience research.
7076h agoInducing ON/OFF activity during wakefulness reduces local sleep need and fulfills core functions of sleep.
7076h agoIncentive salience, not psychomotor sensitization or tolerance, drives the escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats, and individual differences in incentive salience predict intake and addiction vulnerability.
7076h agoA standard model formulation for ion channels accurately fits over 3,000 existing models and enables easy comparison and inference of ion channel parameters.
7076h agoNo changes are needed since the provided text is not a paragraph with complex information but rather a citation and publication information. However, if you'd like a simple sentence based on a hypothetical paragraph that might follow or relate to this citation, please provide that paragraph. Given the instruction and assuming a hypothetical need for simplification based on common related topics: Large language models are changing urban planning.
7080h agoA new method combines physics and machine learning to design dynamic unstructured proteins with tunable properties like size, shape, sensing, and binding.
7080h agoSuicidal behavior is associated with blunted reward value signals in the ventral prefrontal cortex, with different patterns of brain activity seen in individuals who have made low- or high-lethality suicide attempts.
7080h agoThe location where spreading depolarization waves are initiated in the brain determines whether they worsen or improve stroke outcomes.
7080h agoA linear mathematical model accurately represents brain's cortical dynamics using electroencephalography (EEG) data and a continuous exogenous input.
7092h agoPyk2 contributes to hippocampal neuronal hyperactivity and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease and is involved in Tau synaptic localization and phosphorylation.
7092h agoThe Principle of Isomorphism shows that neural population activity preserves mathematical structures of tasks, with grid cells constrained to a toroidal topology for neural metric tasks and path integration.
7092h agoStroke disrupts the coordination of eye and hand movements, causing people to have inaccurate and uncoordinated reaches and saccades.
7092h agoA new model called QI-LIF accurately predicts the timing of neuronal action potentials by treating the onset as a probabilistic event, reducing prediction error, especially for high-intensity stimuli.
7092h agoA new analysis method, called McKean-Vlasov mean-field, accurately represents the dynamics of a complex spiking neural network with synaptic plasticity, reducing computational complexity and providing insights into its behavior.
7092h agoMulti-Region Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (MR-LFADS) accurately identifies communication across brain regions, disentangling inter-regional communication, inputs from unobserved regions, and local neural population dynamics.
7092h agoVarCoNet, a new self-supervised framework, uses individual brain function differences to extract robust brain connections from resting-state fMRI data, improving analysis and task performance.
7092h agoA general approach proves the existence of fully localised multi-dimensional patterns in partial differential equations with compact spatial heterogeneity.
7092h agoThe vector complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation has globally bounded solutions, including solitons, breathers, positon solutions, and rogue wave solutions, that can be graphically represented to show interactions with periodic oscillatory waves.
7092h agoA general framework accurately describes finite-size effects in synchronization transitions of nonlinear oscillators, capturing the complete time evolution of the order parameter and finite-size fluctuations.
7092h agoMulti-dimensional chaos applies to processes described by erratic functions of several dynamical variables, and research shows that eigenvalues of the S-matrix follow a specific distribution and extrema of electric potential functions have certain spacings.
7092h agoRogue waves with diverse waveforms exist in a one-dimensional quantum droplet environment and can be generated through two protocols: interfering dam break flows and gradient catastrophe of a localized waveform.
7092h agoThe stability of financial networks is affected by the impact of individual connections, or edges, between banks and firms, with some connections increasing and others decreasing systemic risk.
7092h agoThe bias of the approximate maximum-likelihood estimation objective of a persistent chain energy-based model is equal to the thermodynamic excess work of an overdamped Langevin dynamical system.
7092h agoA new data-driven approach based on recurrence effectively estimates the local predictability of nonlinear dynamical systems, including large-scale atmospheric fields.
7092h agoPseudo-bifurcations in stochastic non-normal systems can produce false alarms of approaching a tipping point, mimicking early-warning signals such as critical slowing down, increased variance, and dimensional collapse.
7092h agoTwo types of energy cascade solutions exist in Hamiltonian systems, generating large- and small-scale structures, and leading to the formation of different singularities.
7092h agoThe Reshetikhin condition in quantum spin chains implies the presence of infinitely many local conserved quantities, leading to integrability.
7092h agoGluons inside the proton accumulate near a critical momentum, forming a gluon condensation that can explain puzzles in astronomy and high-energy physics.
7092h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple wave packet into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
7092h agoNickelate superconductors show inhomogeneous superconducting responses at the few micron scale, and their superconducting state is influenced by local stress environment and stoichiometric composition.
7092h agoA new analysis method, called McKean-Vlasov mean-field, accurately represents the dynamics of a complex spiking neural network with synaptic plasticity, reducing computational complexity and providing insights into its behavior.
7092h agoThe evolution of urban landscapes is driven by multiplicative noise moderated by local interactions, which governs the growth of city roughness over time.
7092h agoMachine learning framework generates and models topological quantum systems, enabling discovery of new many-body states and insights into quantum geometry.
7092h agoUrban sprawl modeling approaches are fragmented across disciplines, but models inspired by statistical physics, economics, geography, and ecology provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon.
7092h agoA method using a fingerprint operator can detect, locate, and characterize a target embedded in a complex medium by analyzing the recorded reflection matrix of waves that have interacted with the target.
7092h agoTransitions in complex quantum systems from chaotic to integrable phases show sharp changes in complexity, but different markers of complexity can reveal these transitions at different critical points.
7092h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple wave packet into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
7092h agoThe gut microbiome produces metabolites that change with age and can alter brain function, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) which can disrupt brain cell functions and contribute to age-related neurodegeneration.
7096h agoChanges to the cell type-specific organization of the cortical column occurred at the metatherian/eutherian split, with distinctions between neuron types more pronounced in eutherian mammals, which also have features that enhance cortical plasticity.
7108h agoThe interaction between excitatory neurons, inhibitory parvalbumin neurons, and somatostatin interneurons generates multiple rhythms within a neural network, which can be modulated by a third inhibitory subtype, VIP neurons.
7108h agoNeuroinflammation causes distinct changes to the synaptic proteome, including increased mitochondrial and reduced cytoskeletal-synaptic proteins, that are not seen at the whole neuron level, indicating a unique vulnerability of the synapse.
7108h agoImprovisation is characterized by attenuated premotor cortex excitability and more variable response timings, while preserving the fundamental architecture of cortical responses.
7108h agoPrenatal exposure to valproic acid disrupts myelin organization, synaptic gene networks, and RNA splicing programs in rats, potentially leading to long-term impairments in neuronal communication and processing efficiency.
7108h agoChronic neuropathic pain causes structural changes in key brain areas, including increased grey matter density in some regions and decreased density in others, across limbic, prefrontal, and cingulate circuits.
7116h agoAging impairs angiophagy, but Alzheimer's mice show an increased rate of microsphere removal from blood vessels, with young Alzheimer's mice removing 47% and aged Alzheimer's mice removing 38% of microspheres by day 14.
7120h agoA G protein-coupled receptor called Cirl helps broaden the range of acid smells that certain insect sensory neurons can detect.
7124h agoFascin helps organize actin filaments in dendritic spines and its absence impairs synaptic potentiation.
7124h agoNeural responses to harming others predict people's willingness to exert effort to benefit others, with brain areas responding to harm also influencing sensitivity to others' rewards.
7132h agoThe brain of the three-banded panther worm is made up of "tiles" of brain tissue that can perform different functions, allowing the worm to still hunt successfully even after large portions of its brain are removed.
7132h agoThe GlialCAM protein's cytoplasmic tail plays a crucial role in maintaining white matter tracts in the adult brain, and its deletion leads to motor coordination, muscular strength, and memory deficits.
7132h agomGlu5 signaling in the left hippocampus contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and inhibiting it in the left hippocampus restores memory and reverses pathological signaling.
7136h agoCold-selective neurons in the anterolateral system project to brain regions associated with thermosensation, including the lateral parabrachial area, periaqueductal grey matter, and thalamus.
7140h agoToothy, an open-source tool, detects and classifies dentate spikes in large-scale electrophysiological recordings, offering a standardized and reproducible pipeline for investigating hippocampal dynamics.
7140h agoMutations in the sodium channel NaV1.1 cause excessive bursting activity in excitatory neurons, which leads to seizures in Dravet syndrome, and this abnormal activity can be normalised by blocking HCN1 pacemaker channels.
7140h agoGeometry of brain tissue predicts distribution of tracer in the parenchyma, explaining some of the variation in glymphatic function between individuals.
7140h agoA simple neurofeedback system using functional near-infrared spectroscopy allows people to control their prefrontal cortex blood flow.
7140h agoA novel N-terminally truncated form of the Tau protein accumulates early in degenerating neurons and drives neurodegeneration, making it a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
7140h agoThe cortical control of movement involves multiple brain areas working together, and the activity of neurons in these areas is organized into distinct subpopulations with specific response patterns during reach-to-grasp behavior.
7140h agoThe spinal cord's structure and function change with age, showing decline in the somatosensory pathway and sharing similar aging mechanisms with the brain.
7140h agoOligodendrocyte dysfunction and myelination failure in the hippocampus drive neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) pathology, with a maturation blockade of oligodendrocytes and suppression of myelination programs.
7140h agoBipolar disorder episodes are underpinned by a conserved functional brain scaffold and distinct individual specific neural fingerprints.
7140h agoModifying the Latent Factor Activity using Dynamical systems (LFADS) model to include a per-trial bias results in a simpler and more interpretable representation of neural dynamics.
7140h agoBDNF regulates the number and function of pericytes and microvessels in the brain by activating Akt signaling, and its decrease with age contributes to impaired microvascular circulation.
7140h agoCerebral small vessel disease disrupts emotional regulation, causing reduced emotional awareness and impaired integration of bodily sensations and emotions.
7140h agoDim light at night increases circadian rhythm disruption, amyloid plaque buildup, and microglial activation in mice, suggesting that nighttime light exposure may contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression.
7140h agoFlexible cognitive control combines proactive and reactive mechanisms to adapt to changing environments, and is supported by oscillatory dynamics that coordinate multiple control components across distinct brain regions.
7140h agoA minimal recurrent framework called Homeostatic Binary Networks enables the stable representation and organization of overlapping memories by combining simple principles such as neural and synaptic competition.
7140h agoHealthy aging preserves the brain's ability to plan and initiate movements, but reduces its ability to fine-tune and control movements, leading to decreased accuracy.
7140h agoA single learning objective can give rise to diverse cell types in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit, including place cells, grid cells, and boundary vector cells, which resemble those observed in the navigating brain.
7140h agoHigher-order thalamic nuclei are interconnected and respond to sensory stimuli and locomotion in a state-dependent manner.
7140h agoLipid dysregulation, including changes in sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and fatty acids, is a common feature of Parkinson's disease in the brain and peripheral biofluids.
7140h agoSuppressing glutamatergic neurons in the neocortex can paradoxically cause epileptic activity, challenging the traditional view that seizures are caused by excessive excitation.
7140h agoChronic stress after traumatic brain injury leads to a delayed but not permanent protective effect on axonal degeneration, possibly due to changes in microglial and astrocytic activity.
7140h agoFunctional ultrasound imaging reliably maps brain-wide visual processing in awake tree shrews, revealing robust hemodynamic responses and detailed functional maps across multiple brain areas.
7140h agoAIBP protein is mainly expressed in astrocytes, and its expression declines as Alzheimer's disease progresses, suggesting a role in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection.
7140h agoThe degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease is accompanied by proteostatic impairment and modulation of the alpha-synuclein interactome, and researchers found that the HDAC1 inhibitor pyroxamide reduces alpha-synuclein toxicity in cell lines.
7140h agoIndividual functional brain architecture shapes tau propagation in Alzheimer's disease, with subject-specific connectivity profiles enhancing the characterization of tau deposition patterns.
7140h agoRecurrent seizures cause a persistent decrease in brain entropy, even between seizures, and this decrease is most pronounced in patients who had their first seizure at a younger age.
7140h agoPregnenolone-derived C-20 oxime ethers are potent and efficacious positive allosteric modulators of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, with some analogues showing higher potency and efficacy than the endogenous neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate.
7140h agoBinocular rivalry causes stochastic alternations in perceptual dominance when incongruent images are presented to the two eyes, and similar dynamics occur in mice, involving both feedforward and feedback circuits in the brain.
7140h agoComplex housing and a combination of complex housing with FGF-2 improve motor function in rats with unilateral motor cortex lesions, while structured rehabilitation and FGF-2 alone have little effect.
7140h agoThe brain's functional inertia, or its tendency to maintain its state, predicts symptom severity in schizophrenia and relates to cognition in a different way in patients compared to healthy controls.
7144h agoWomen with intracerebral hemorrhage have lower biological aging values than men, and this difference is mainly driven by women with deep intracerebral hemorrhage.
7144h agoHigh-resolution ultrasound-photoacoustic imaging enables real-time monitoring of deep cerebrovascular oxygenation dynamics in awake mice with intact skulls, resolving region-specific increases in oxygenation and hemodynamics under different conditions.
7144h agoFive circulating lipids in the blood are linked to the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can distinguish between symptomatic patients and asymptomatic controls.
7148h agoObservers' perceptions are biased towards the past when they view gradual changes in hue, leading to slow change blindness.
7148h agoTDP-43 aggregation at NMJs in ALS mouse and iPSC models stems from aberrant axonal translation caused by loss of muscle EV-derived miR126.
7152h agoGlioblastoma changes the calvarial bone and its marrow to produce more myeloid cells, creating an immunosuppressive environment.
7156h agoCRISP, a new framework, uses foundation models to predict drug responses in unseen cell types at single-cell resolution, advancing drug repurposing and drug screening.
7156h agoAn algorithm identifies proteoforms using top-down mass spectra and a pipeline generates simulated spectra from input protein sequences with modifications.
7156h agoDithering stimulation pulses suppresses half-harmonic brain rhythm synchronisation, offering a potential strategy to selectively entrain target neural rhythms while avoiding harmful effects.
7156h agoAutism caused by a specific genetic mutation leads to altered expression of splicing regulators, which in turn causes aberrant splicing patterns in genes involved in neural tissue development and synapse organization.
7156h agoMinor cannabinoids CBD, CBG, CBN, and CBC activate different sensory neurons in distinct ways, with varying potency and dose-response relationships, which may allow for synergistic pain relief.
7156h agoDifferent frequency bands of electrical activity on the brain's surface reflect activity from specific layers of brain cells and are markers of distinct stages of brain processing.
7156h agoViolations of strong predictions based on past events trigger increased cognitive control, attention, and arousal, which helps with learning unexpected information.
7156h agoGranule cells in the cerebellum preferentially sample specific types of mossy fiber inputs, with some granule cells connecting with one type of input and others with a different type.
7156h agoThe insula-prefrontal circuit is necessary for rats to make social decisions about approaching or avoiding stressed conspecifics.
7160h agoStress impairs extinction learning by activating a brain circuit that connects the locus coeruleus, basolateral amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
7160h agoAging of human neurons leads to decreased autophagic flux due to a loss of neuritic lysosomes, resulting in increased mitochondrial fission and fusion events, and impaired mitochondrial health.
7160h agoMolybdenum diselenide nanoflowers protect immune cells in the brain from toxic effects of a-synuclein aggregates, while molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers offer less protection and trigger changes in immune cell types.
7160h agoConnectome-based predictive modeling identifies brain networks that vary with behavioral measures, and finds that cognitive tests better predict brain networks than self-reported clinical measures.
7160h agoListeners' preference for musical tone combinations decreases as the mean frequency increases, with different musical intervals and listener groups showing varying levels of sensitivity to pitch range.
7164h agoNeurons operate in two modes, coincidence detection and integration, which help explain how they process and transmit information through electrical currents.
7164h agoModern AI models for video and language do not capture human-perceived similarity in social videos, but fine-tuning a video model on human judgments improves its alignment with human perceptions.
7164h agoPeople who used a novel wheelchair-mounted device called Boost to practice arm movements during rehabilitation after a stroke showed greater improvement in arm function immediately after treatment, particularly those with less severe impairment.
7164h agoThe Modular Consciousness Theory proposes that consciousness arises from a sequence of integrated informational states that are processed and tagged with a density vector, shaping experience, memory, and behavior.
7164h agoNeural populations in higher visual areas encode object-centered visual information in a structured, semantically meaningful way, with different groups of neurons selectively responding to specific visual features such as object pose and category transformations.
7164h agoA compositional meta-learning model enables rapid learning of new tasks from minimal experience by reusing knowledge from previous tasks through flexible recombination of common computational elements.
7164h agoA motion cueing algorithm that uses model predictive control reduces motion sickness by over 50% in driving simulators while maintaining fidelity, by balancing sensory conflict and specific force errors.
7164h agoVarCoNet, a new self-supervised framework, uses inter-individual brain function variability to extract robust functional connectomes from resting-state fMRI data, outperforming state-of-the-art methods in subject fingerprinting and autism spectrum disorder classification tasks.
7164h agoThe state-space kinetic Ising model reveals time-varying causal couplings and entropy flow in neuronal ensembles, which are linked to behavior and enable economical computation.
7164h agoA novel hyperbolic embedding framework preserves the global structure of multilayer networks while enabling detailed analysis and comparisons within and between layers.
7164h agoAnimals' complex behaviors are formed by flexibly combining a finite set of core motor motifs, and a new framework called motif-based continuous dynamics discovery successfully identifies these motifs and models how they are combined to generate realistic behaviors.
7164h agoThe Visibility Graph method requires at least 1000 data points to reliably characterize time series, and time series with a Hurst exponent of 0.5 or less have a critical exponent of 2 or more.
7164h agoThe Sabra models of turbulence converge to a stochastic process in the ideal limit, where solutions become independent of the type of dissipation and noise.
7164h agoThe solution to the complete noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy is achieved through direct linearisation involving the Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko (GLM) equation.
7164h agoA general method for constructing fuzzy cellular automata allows for diverse and complex time-evolution patterns to be generated by changing parameters or combining evolution rules.
7164h agoNon-commutative multiple bi-orthogonal polynomial systems generalize multiple orthogonality, matrix orthogonal polynomials, and bi-orthogonality, and form a part of the theory of integrable systems.
7164h agoCollective cellular decision making relies on a trade-off between the speed and accuracy of pattern formation, with information flow between cells influencing the emergence of highly ordered structures.
7164h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple quantum state into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
7164h agoA new method can distinguish between catastrophic shifts and less dramatic state changes in systems, providing early warnings of tipping points by analyzing noisy spatio-temporal data.
7164h agoThree distinct cryptographic chaotic systems are tested for stability and robustness in maintaining synchronization in the presence of noise.
7164h agoA machine learning method estimates the largest Lyapunov exponent from one-dimensional chaotic time series data by inferring the exponential growth of forecast errors, producing accurate results with short data series.
7164h agoA bootstrap program solves the $R$-matrix of an integrable quantum spin chain from its Hamiltonian by iteratively applying Kennedy's inversion formula.
7164h agoReservoir computing can generalize to unexplored regions of state space without built-in assumptions about the underlying dynamics when trained on multiple trajectories from a collection of disjoint time series.
7164h agoDiffusion models can learn distributions sampled by a complex Langevin process.
7164h agoMachine learning models generalize well on real-world datasets because datasets lie on a latent manifold with small intrinsic dimension, but estimates of intrinsic dimension vary substantially across methods.
7164h agoThe quantum Duffing oscillator exhibits a strange attractor, where chaotic dynamics and energy loss shape an initially simple quantum state into a structure that mirrors the classical attractor.
7164h agoDiagonal linear networks' gradient flow dynamics can be captured by a low-dimensional effective process, which yields new insights into their loss convergence rates, generalization, and other previously observed phenomena.
7164h agoSpatial correlations in disordered systems shift the critical packing fraction to lower values but keep the critical coordination number isostatic.
7164h agoA geometric series modulated non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattice model has multiple mobility edges and non-Hermitian point gaps with high winding number that can be induced by increasing the summation terms of the geometric series.
7164h agoTransformers learn and execute tasks based on examples provided within the input through in-context learning, which depends on sample complexity, pretraining task diversity, and context length.
7164h agoA binary tree circuit encodes a single logical qubit with a code distance that grows exponentially in the depth of the tree, and undergoes a phase transition between a coding and non-coding phase when noise is present.
7164h agoThe state-space kinetic Ising model reveals time-varying causal couplings and entropy flow in neuronal ensembles, which are linked to behavior and enable economical computation.
7164h agoDisordered metasurfaces with a critical packing of metaatoms exhibit a marked transition in the statistics of scattered light, allowing for manipulation of light characteristics using ultrathin optical coatings.
7164h agoThe motion of dopants in magnetic spin lattices is localized at nonzero temperatures due to an emergent disordered potential, and only delocalizes at zero temperature, with its diffusion behavior following a non-monotonic and Arrhenius relation pattern.
7164h agoLocal quantum measurements can reveal global properties of an unknown quantum network, such as average degree and hub density.
7164h agoThe study finds that transient Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (tNOE) imaging is the most sensitive method for detecting myelin lipids in the brain, and it strongly correlates with histological markers.
7164h agoThe cerebellum guides limb movement through two distinct output pathways that drive the forelimb either toward or away from the body, allowing for precise and speedy movement.
7164h agoA physiologically grounded model shows that receptive fields and population-level attractor dynamics emerge naturally from the geometry of scale-free networks, reflecting the structure of the stimulus space and capturing key properties of receptive fields.
7164h agoThe subiculum processes spatial information by detecting mismatches between perceptual and mnemonic inputs, which updates associative memory and explains the presence of vector trace cells.
7164h agoThe GBR model of bipolar disorder generates a range of behavioral changes, including anxiety, hyperlocomotion, anhedonia, and altered emotion recognition, with different effects seen in males and females.
7164h agoEmotional salience learned from social cues is preserved in memory and enhances emotional processing of target images, but only when people are uncertain about their own emotional judgments.
7164h agoDiabetic neuropathy develops in rats within 4 weeks of low-dose streptozotocin treatment, with F-waves serving as an early biomarker of nerve dysfunction and high survival rates.
7164h agoCerebrovascular responses become weaker and less adaptable with age, with changes in delay, gain, and time constant that can be tracked using calibrated simulations and may serve as novel biomarkers of cerebrovascular dysfunction.
7164h agoNOVA, a new analytical tool, helps researchers interpret and visualize complex brain cell activity data, uncovering subtle patterns and changes that conventional methods miss.
7164h agoThe retina uses existing circuits to modulate responses to stimuli outside the center of sensory neurons' receptive fields, through a pathway involving rod bipolar cells and AII amacrine cells.
7164h agoPerivascular spaces in the brain are associated with sex and felt-gender differences in children, with increases in their volume and count linked to reduced executive function, learning, and memory.
7164h agoSlow gamma rhythms have longer burst durations and latencies than fast gamma rhythms, and show higher long-range synchrony, suggesting they are generated by different inter-neuronal classes with different integration scales.
7164h agoMitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction, marked by loss of key subunits and lowered enzyme activity, occurs in Alzheimer's disease and may contribute to brain amyloidosis.
7164h agoThe choice of algorithm and model parameters for causal estimation affects the accuracy and computation time of brain communication analysis.
7164h agoThe structure of visual motion qualia in humans matches the structure of neural activity in mice, with both showing a categorical organisation based on stimulus direction.
7164h agoPERIOD protein dimerization enables a slow and controlled phosphorylation that regulates the circadian clock, and disruption of this dimerization severely compromises circadian rhythms and sleep cycles.
7164h agoChronic pain causes changes in the number of mature oligodendrocytes in specific brain regions, and this effect differs by region and sex, six weeks after nerve injury.
7164h agoThe murine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) contains 17 distinct neuronal groups with unique molecular signatures and a complex cellular composition, and its glutamatergic subpopulations have specific projection targets and molecular markers.
7164h agoMeningeal macrophages exhibit diverse calcium signaling patterns in healthy and diseased states, with distinct activity features in different macrophage subtypes and responses to brain hyperexcitability events.
7164h agoTDP-43 protein causes changes in synaptic structure and function, leading to abnormal transmission, in mice and humans with neurodegenerative diseases.
7164h agoBehavioral Time-Scale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP) induction relies on a theta-oscillation-paced cellular state and precisely timed weak inputs, and muscarinic activation enables one-shot long-term potentiation for in-vivo place-field formation.
7164h agoSpinal cord injury leads to brain reorganization, marked by decreased activity in sensorimotor regions and increased activity in limbic and cerebellum regions.
7164h agoTraumatic brain injury temporarily worsens mitochondrial dysfunction in the early stages of amyloidosis, with males being more vulnerable than females.
7164h agoElectric field fluctuations in the brain organize into isolated areas and groups of similar areas, which can change with context and task requirements.
7164h agoThe neural gustatory circuit uses specific patterns of neural activity in the gustatory cortex to control the physical movements that define whether to ingest or reject a taste stimulus.
7164h agoThe brain sorts words into language categories by computing similarities and differences between words, using a network of areas including the temporal, insular, and frontal cortices, within 150 ms of seeing a word.
7164h agoVisual adaptation and attention do not change the uneven performance across the visual field, with better performance along the horizontal than vertical meridian and along the lower than upper vertical meridian.
7164h agoIndividuals with alcohol use disorder have accelerated brain aging, showing a 1.70-year increase in brain age relative to their chronological age.
7164h agoGene expression supports the division of the thalamus into distinct nuclei, with some nuclei having discrete subdomains or shared patterns of gene expression.
7168h agoDepressive symptoms and sleep timing independently affect young adults' performance on cognitive tasks that require pattern separation.
7168h agoThe brain maintains evolving representations of accumulated evidence by transferring signals between neurons with different response fields, enabling continuous evidence integration across changing actions.
7168h agoAging Aplysia californica shows a reduced escape locomotion response and changes in brain motor programs, including loss of locomotion onset latency sensitization and decreased motor activity.
7168h agoMECP2 mutations lead to Rett syndrome by disrupting normal brain cell development, causing cells to over-proliferate and eventually produce fewer excitatory neurons and more inhibitory and glial cells instead.
7168h agoOxytocin increases trusting behavior by 15-17% in individuals with a low disposition to trust, with the effect being uniform across this group.
7168h agoThe study finds that noise in brain signals relates to vascular function in different ways across various brain areas, with similar patterns observed in healthy controls, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and those with Alzheimer's disease.
7168h agoThe MACS framework combines knowledge from multiple source domains to improve the accuracy of neural wiring segmentation in brain images.
7168h agoChronic ethanol consumption leads to profound sex- and region-specific adaptations in astrocytes, implicating extracellular matrix and glycosaminoglycan remodeling as key factors in ethanol-related neuroplasticity.
7168h agoStress and THC do not impair working memory, but high doses of THC disrupt motivation in some rats, which may be linked to individual differences in THC metabolism.
7168h agoHypoxic preconditioning improves the survival and function of transplanted neural progenitor cells in a stroke mouse model.
7168h agoGut microbiota plays a role in the development of circadian rhythms, and disruptions to it in early life impair the normal development of these rhythms and the maturation of clock neurons.
7168h agoInhibiting the JNK2-STX1A pathway with a cell-permeable peptide called JGRi1 protects retinal ganglion cells and provides neuroprotection in retinal degeneration.
7172h agoAGO1 protein plays a critical role in shaping the developing brain and promoting sociability by regulating the expression of LIN28A in neural progenitor cells.
7176h agoA fully-weighted brain graph model that combines connectivity and metabolic activity reveals that brain regions with high metabolic activity and connectivity are more closely linked to cognitive functions and neurodegenerative disorders.
7176h agoWhite matter hyperintensities show a pattern of demyelination, axonal loss, and extracellular fluid accumulation, particularly in periventricular regions, and are linked to aging-related increases in cardiovascular risk factors.
7176h agoThe basal ganglia play a key role in specifying, maintaining, and adapting the tempo of rhythmic actions, and dopamine deprivation in this circuit leads to motor symptoms such as freezing of gait and increased variation in rhythmic tapping.
7176h agoDynamic resting-state activity of an attentional network at rest predicts brain responses to tasks under different medication conditions, and may help guide individualized treatment by identifying which medications work best for each person.
7176h agoVividness of mental visual imagery is a robust trait that explains individual differences in mental imagery, internally generated visual experiences, and dreams.
7176h agoThe prefrontal cortex, especially the inferior frontal gyrus, shows more activation during encoding of events that are later remembered compared to those that are forgotten.
7176h agoHuman brain organoids can mature and record the passage of time over many years in culture, with aged progenitors retaining a memory of time spent in culture that guides their developmental programs.
7176h agoElevated LINE1 RNA causes chromosomal abnormalities and neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases by increasing chromatin accessibility and global transcription, and reducing LINE1 RNA mitigates these effects.
7176h agoForced expression of the transcription factor Sox11 in mature neurons enables large-scale changes in gene expression that promote axon growth, similar to that of immature neurons.
7176h agoA single dose of psilocybin rapidly and sustainably relieves chronic pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mice by restoring prefrontal activity through its action on certain receptors.
7180h agoWtCoxG, a new method for genome-wide association studies, addresses case ascertainment bias and outperforms existing approaches in analyzing time-to-event traits.
7180h agoSelf-driving laboratories combining robotic production and artificial intelligence can accelerate innovation in biotechnology by successfully integrating into discovery workflows for suitable biochemical design problems.
7180h agoEarly stimulation of the left intraparietal sulcus and right superior temporal gyrus increases the perception of synchrony between visual and auditory stimuli, while later stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus reduces this perception.
7184h agoRett syndrome is caused by changes in the MECP2 gene that disrupt normal developmental pathways in neurons, particularly in the Dopaminergic and Gabaergic trajectories, with key regulators NR2F1 and TCF4 playing a crucial role in the condition.
7184h agoThe menstrual cycle affects corticospinal excitability, with higher excitability in the late follicular phase, and also influences spike-timing-dependent plasticity, with prolonged and potentiated responses in the mid-luteal phase.
7184h agoA hybrid neuron model combines biophysical accuracy with computational efficiency to simulate gustatory pathways, bridging single-cell biophysics with large-network computation.
7188h agoBootstrap Monte Carlo SSA improves the reliability of functional measures and uncovers differences in state-space dynamics in fMRI by producing robust reconstructions that withstand noise.
7188h agoNeural synchronization depends on communication strategies that are influenced by connection weights and directionality, and these strategies can lead to the formation of chimera states where coherent and incoherent dynamics coexist.
7188h agoFour categories of inhibition - global, self, lateral, and feed-forward - work together to help locusts detect objects approaching their eyes while ignoring other movements.
7188h agoDeviance detection emerges in cortical cultures through local circuit maturation and is refined by self-organization toward criticality and early experience.
7188h agoThe model proposes that the primary visual cortex, V1-L4, consists of three distinct sub-layers corresponding to the primary color sensations of blue, red, and green.
7188h agoMapping EEG signals and their corresponding modalities into a unified semantic space enables generalized interpretation of brain signals.
7188h agoCalcium imaging and supervised variational autoencoder architectures enable the learning of compact representations of individual neurons from fluorescent traces, allowing for robust visualization, clustering, and interpretation of single-neuron dynamics.
7188h agoA new vision model called ReAlnet aligns with human brain activity using non-invasive EEG, showing higher similarity to human brain representations than traditional computer vision models.
7188h agoNoise perturbations in the area-preserving Harper map cause longer recurrence times by allowing trajectories to access and get trapped in regular islands, resulting in a slower power-law decay in the recurrence distribution.
7188h agoHigher-order spacing statistics in superposed spectra of circular random matrices can be characterized by a modified Dyson index, which is unique for given parameters and can be used to determine the symmetry structure of a system.
7188h agoA binary Bose gas in a dual-core trap exhibits macroscopic quantum tunnelling, self-trapping, and localisation revivals, and displays a rich bifurcation structure and the Andreev-Bashkin superfluid drag effect.
7188h agoGluons inside the proton accumulate near a critical momentum, forming gluon condensation, which may explain puzzles in astronomy and high-energy physics.
7188h agoPeriodic oscillations in a system's fluctuations appear as a Dirac comb in the frequency power spectral density, but deviations from strict periodicity remove the Dirac comb, leaving mainly the spectrum of the pulse function.
7188h agoInhibition in biological systems, such as insect colonies and neural circuits, enables efficient and adaptive operation by modulating activity through inhibitory signals. or Non-linear responses to inhibitory signals improve collective decision-making by enhancing final consensus and reducing deliberation time.
7188h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model reveals an interplay between Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy and entanglement entropy in both ground and highly excited states, with the four-body interaction model showing complex patterns of entanglement and non-stabilizer resources.
7188h agoThe Thue-Morse drive achieves quantum ergodicity in the long-time limit, where the time evolution of any initial state uniformly visits every part of its Hilbert space.
7188h agoThe basins of attraction of twisted states in Kuramoto oscillators scale as $e^{-kq^2}$ with the winding number $q$.
7188h agoThe Kuramoto model's stable equilibria on graphs that resemble the Sierpinski gasket correspond to harmonic maps from the gasket to the circle, with a unique stable equilibrium in each homotopy class of continuous functions.
7188h agoLarge neural networks and datasets can be compressed to much smaller sizes while keeping their performance, with the size reduction following a polylogarithmic relationship.
7188h agoThe Parisi formula identifies the free energy limit of spin glass models, but many models remain outside its reach.
7188h agoIncreasing the depth of a deep linear self-attention model improves in-context learning performance when covariances change across contexts, but only aids performance in other settings if the context length is limited.
7188h agoLong-range correlations in a disordered medium change the depinning transition, critical force, and critical exponents of a driven interface, leading to a breakdown of conventional universality and emergence of new scaling behaviors.
7188h agoInhibition in biological systems, such as insect colonies and neural circuits, enables efficient and adaptive operation by modulating activity through inhibitory signals. or Non-linear responses to inhibitory signals improve collective decision-making by enhancing final consensus and reducing deliberation time.
7188h agoPrenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress causes changes in immune gene expression and dopamine systems in the brain and gut, with sex-specific effects in female and male offspring.
7188h agoRegion-based connectivity from a medium-resolution atlas works best for classifying early-stage schizophrenia patients, with accuracy rates of up to 83.15%.
7188h agoThe visual callosum operates as a set of parallel, segregated information conduits that integrate the left and right visual fields into a unified perceptual experience.
7188h agoReduced pyramidal cell excitability and decreased spine density impair auditory novelty detection, which helps explain the mismatch negativity deficits seen in schizophrenia.
7188h agoBeta sinusoidal transcranial alternating current stimulation and theta amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation modulate corticospinal excitability, with different effects on timing, frequency, and brain regions.
7192h agoThis study establishes a validated toolbox to map the neuroarchitecture in the murine knee, which will help identify the cellular and molecular changes responsible for mediating joint pain.
7192h agoBipolar disorder is characterized by disrupted structure-function integration and unstable thalamocortical dynamics, with lower structure-function coupling in subcortical regions and thalamic instability.
7192h agoEye gaze patterns during working memory reflect the content of complex images held in mind and adapt to task demands.
7192h agoA new microelectrode array with a curved shape can record neural activity in deep and curved brain structures, allowing for investigation of previously inaccessible neural circuits.
7192h agoThe Regional Functional Affinity metric reveals that primate brain organization follows an organizational principle where higher-order association networks are functionally diverse and primary sensorimotor networks are uniform.
7192h agoCognitive impairments in absence epilepsy are linked to dysfunction in the thalamic-prefrontal pathway.
7192h agoNetwork bursting activity in cultures of neurons contains rich information about underlying network dynamics, and analyzing the shape of bursts provides a robust marker for functional phenotyping in disease modeling and drug screening.
7192h agoThe brain's dorsomedial striatum helps decide when to stop a task and switch to another by tracking time and rewards, with neurons in this area changing their activity at specific delays after a reward to guide the decision to exit a task.
7192h agoMoS2 and MoSe2 nanoflowers protect neurons and astrocytes from damage caused by alpha-synuclein aggregates by restoring mitochondrial health, reducing protein misfolding, and promoting the removal of toxic protein fibrils.
7192h agoThe deletion of the DUSP4 gene leads to a reduced level of retinal dopamine, increased susceptibility to myopia, and altered retinal responses to light stimuli.
7196h agoLeaders look ahead to their own and their partner's actions, while Followers focus on the task, showing distinct decision-making and planning strategies in cooperative interactions.
7196h agoMitochondrial transport between axonal compartments and the cell body is required for sustained mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons.
7196h agoThe human brain dissipates electrical power at a rate of 10-9 to 10-10 watts, mainly in gray matter, which is several orders of magnitude lower than estimated metabolic power consumption.
7196h agoAdolescent binge drinking leads to lasting changes in the brain, specifically in the retrosplenial cortex, that impair memory and increase the risk of problems later in life, and these effects differ between males and females.
7196h agoDopaminergic depletion drives the reorganization of the somatomotor network, which may help compensate for motor deficits in Parkinson's disease by making it more tolerant to network attacks.
7196h agoThe gut detects toxin-induced damage and sends signals to the brain that trigger vomiting and help flies learn to avoid food with a specific odor that predicts toxin presence.
7196h agoA machine learning framework identifies subtle postural changes in animals that can detect early-stage neuromuscular disorders, specifically finding cervical instability in mice as early as 3 weeks of age.
7196h agoInjured nerve cells in neuromas drive spontaneous neuropathic pain through ectopic activity in small-diameter sensory neurons, specifically in SSTR2+ sensory axons.
7196h agoConcept learning creates attentional templates that guide attention by filtering relevant information, and people who learn concepts better deploy these templates more efficiently.
7196h agoTactile devices can effectively convey melodic patterns and emotional tone through vibration, with perceived pitch showing a systematic relationship with stimulus frequency and waveforms with sudden temporal changes judged as less pleasant.
7200h agoAbnormal brain connections in language and executive control networks are associated with positive and negative formal thought disorder in schizophrenia.
7204h agoBrain lesions unlock a hidden ability in astrocytes to produce neurons, which are a specific type of interneuron that can mature and integrate into brain circuits.
7204h agoPrenatal exposure to psychedelics crosses the placenta, activates the embryonic choroid plexus, and leads to lasting changes in brain development and behavior in offspring.
7204h agoSchizophrenia is highly heterogeneous, causing elevated variance in neuroimaging studies, which can be explained by the presence of multiple neurological perturbations in individuals with the disease.
7204h agoMast cells are present in the developing mouse brain, particularly at the hippocampal-thalamic border, and their degranulation facilitates synaptic transmission.
7204h agoNeural representations continually drift over time, and synaptic fluctuations, but not membrane potential fluctuations, help the brain maintain reliable perception by preserving the structure of these representations and improving learning.
7204h agoSchizophrenia is characterized by reproducible disturbances in the temporal organization of default mode network connectivity, with people with schizophrenia spending more time in abnormal connectivity states and less time in a normal state.
7204h agoDopamine release in the striatum is controlled by cholinergic interneurons and is mainly triggered by inputs from frontal cortical regions, not by direct sensory inputs.
7204h agoTheta oscillations support the perception of Mandarin syllables, while gamma activity helps with processing fast-changing and fine-grained acoustic features.
7204h agoStimulating human neurons reveals that long-term memory storage is linked to persistent changes in genome folding and gene expression.
7204h agoSNT-1 and SNT-3, two Ca2+ sensors in C. elegans, mediate fast and slow neurotransmitter release through interactions with the SNARE complex and their polybasic motifs.
7204h agoThe generalized Ablowitz-Ladik and Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with nonzero boundary conditions on an infinite lattice have local well-posedness and their solutions have a minimal guaranteed lifespan that depends on the initial data, background, and nonlinearity exponents.
7212h agoA physiologically grounded model shows that receptive fields and population-level attractor dynamics emerge naturally from the geometry of scale-free networks, capturing key properties of receptive fields without fine-tuning.
7212h agoThe brain-body-environment framework gains new insights into adaptive behavior by considering the spatial organization of the brain and body, using partial differential equations to analyze how spatial dynamics influence behavior.
7212h agoThe Drosophila brain connectome shows heterogeneity in network properties, with a modular organizational pattern and bilateral symmetry in network topology and spatial organization.
7212h agoEEG research in education has grown substantially, and this study uses a Bibliometric-enhanced Systematic Literature Review to identify key educational constructs, computational methods, and research gaps.
7212h agoA new framework that uses chaotic dynamics and mimics the brain's visual pathway improves the accuracy, generalization, and stability of object classification from event camera data.
7212h agoTwo distinct processes, one that straightens trajectories and another that redirects them, contribute to motor adaptation, with straightening occurring faster than redirection.
7212h agoThe complexity of perceptual representations depends on task demands, with simple representations used when strategies require minimal resources and complex representations used when more resources are needed.
7212h agoThe global dimensionality of a neural representation manifold is better estimated with a new bias-corrected method that provides accurate measurements even with small sample sizes and noisy data.
7212h agoTwo single-channel EEG biomarkers, ST4 and T2, reflect physiological and emotional responses to stress, relating to cortisol levels, resilience, and heart rate variability.
7212h agoQualia are physical because they are directly observable, and this perspective links consciousness to quantum measurements, suggesting that physical reality is rooted in how humans process information.
7212h agoA super integrable system is constructed using the supertrace identity on the loop algebra of the Lie superalgebra osp(1,6), and it can be reduced to the super-AKNS hierarchy under certain conditions.
7212h agoThe motion of charged particles in a magnetic dipole field with friction and random forces can be described by a generalized Langevin equation.
7212h agoFrangible materials that remodel under flow give rise to branched patterns shaped by their properties, boundary conditions, and forcing time scales.
7212h agoThe Basic Cycle Ratio method identifies influential nodes in complex networks by assessing their local and global roles, outperforming traditional measures in selecting powerful spreaders and enhancing information diffusion.
7212h agoTriadic interactions, where one node regulates the interaction between two other nodes, can modulate the mutual information between the dynamical state of two linked nodes and are relevant for understanding complex systems such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
7212h agoSchur functions and skew Schur functions satisfy certain mathematical relations known as relative Plücker relations and Hirota bilinear equations.
7212h agoA vertical thermal convection system has seven new equilibria and 26 new periodic orbits that capture complex flow patterns, including chaotic behavior and symmetrical flow structures.
7212h agoA new approach based on the density matrix formalism successfully captures the metal-insulator transition in Anderson models and reveals the existence of a two-dimensional metallic phase with Hubbard interactions and disorder.
7212h agoMachine learning models can learn physical concepts, but their interpretability is challenging; a hybrid tensor-neural network object was constructed to exactly express a real space topological invariant and was assessed for trainability and generalization.
7212h agoThe Topological Breakdown Model explains the metastable domain patterns in potassium-tantalate-niobate crystals near the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition as a result of competing topologically protected states.
7212h agoMena, an actin regulator, controls local protein synthesis to mediate adult axon regeneration by regulating the translation of PI3K-p85 mRNA and activating the AKT/mTOR pathway.
7212h agoAnesthesia shifts the preferred spatial frequencies of neurons in the visual cortex to lower values, impairing the coding of high-frequency visual information, with distinct effects on different types of neurons.
7212h agoA mutation in Syntaxin1A reduces sleep in flies by decreasing the assembly of SNARE complexes, leading to less information exchange among neurons.
7212h agoIndividuals with fibromyalgia have abnormal cortical connectivity compared to pain-free healthy controls.
7212h agoLoss of TDP-43 disrupts RNA processing and protein production, leading to the identification of new molecular cascades and potential therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
7216h agoContextual fear conditioning induces persistent changes in chromatin structure in engram neurons, which correlate with long-term gene expression and may be linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
7216h agoAnti-microbial peptides regulate sleep in flies, and different types of these peptides have distinct effects on sleep patterns, social behavior, and memory.
7220h agoA central complex, comprising 4 key neuropils, exists in the brain of larval fruit flies and shares similar synaptic connectivity patterns with the adult central complex.
7220h agoSubtle facial movements reveal hidden cognitive states, reflecting the brain's ongoing computations and offering a noninvasive window into unexpressed thoughts and decisions.
7224h agoMicroRNA155 regulates the development of neurons, particularly GABAergic interneurons, and its dysregulation contributes to Alzheimer's disease by affecting neural stem cell dynamics.
7224h agoBrain descending neurons integrate learnt information and contextual cues to activate specific nerve cord command neurons and promote specific actions.
7224h agoGABA receptors change shape to control the flow of ions across cell membranes, with cholesterol, phospholipids, and a phosphatidylinositol compound affecting this process.
7224h agoThe Connectome Interpreter software toolkit enables efficient analysis of complete brain wiring diagrams, or connectomes, allowing for fast computation of neural circuit function and structure.
7228h agoSex differences exist in latent inhibition, a process linked to hallucinations and delusions in psychosis, with evidence suggesting differences in behavioural and neurobiological levels, particularly in hippocampally dependent forms.
7228h agoWhite matter asymmetry is widespread across the brain, present in all 30 pathways examined, and follows unique trajectories across the lifespan, changing with development and increasing age.
7228h agoChanges in functional brain organization with aging show a trajectory of desegregation, linked to neural dedifferentiation and cognitive decline, and are better captured by age-targeted analytical frameworks.
7228h agoThe dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) detects whether patterns can be learned, helping animals to focus on true relationships and avoid false inferences about random associations.
7228h agoThe prefrontal cortex uses a neural subspace to track value computations when weighing options, with midcingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex areas showing dynamics that reflect foraging-like computation.
7232h agoChildren with developmental coordination disorder show disrupted rate modulation of specific beta burst waveform motifs, which correlates with their motor ability and may underlie their motor difficulties.
7232h agoBehaviors with different cognitive demands are supported by a single low-dimensional neural structure that expands or contracts depending on the level of cognitive load.
7232h agoMice learning a new task use policy-gradient-like rules to acquire the task better than classical reinforcement learning algorithms.
7232h agoThe brain and artificial neural networks exploit environmental regularities to improve efficiency by encoding more information about high-probability stimuli, but feedback pathways help maintain robust generalization by regulating the impact of biased input statistics.
7236h agoArtificial neural networks used to model the human visual system are fragile and their response predictions are sensitive to small, imperceptible changes, but robust models capture the local coding dimensions of the visual system and produce generalizable and semantically meaningful changes.
7236h agoThe absence of language-based confounding factors in Minimal Phenomenal Experience states allows for a purer form of consciousness, suggesting that language plays a key role in shaping our everyday conscious experience.
7236h agoContrastive Embedding for Behavioral and Neural Analysis (CEBRA) learns meaningful representations of joint neural activity in social interactions, capturing individual roles and behavioral metrics.
7236h agoLocked-in state patients' ability to communicate through brain-computer interfaces is limited due to impairments in executive functions, working memory, and vigilance.
7236h agoNeuroAI combines insights from brain function with artificial intelligence to design intelligent systems, and its central area, synthetic biological intelligence, integrates biological neural networks with engineered hardware and software.
7236h agoTopographic organization, where neurons with similar response properties are spatially clustered, emerges in a new class of auditory models called TopoAudio, which are trained to classify speech and environmental sounds.
7236h agoBrainHarmonix, a multimodal brain foundation model, unites brain structure and function into compact representations and achieves strong performance in tasks such as disorder classification and cognition prediction.
7236h agoA new framework that uses complex-valued math to analyze brain activity helps reveal the functional organization of the brain by improving predictions of brain dynamics and uncovering new insights into brain structure and connectivity.
7236h agoPhrase structure construction can precede category detection and dominate lexical influences during sentence processing, with readers' eye movements and brain activity showing that syntax plays a leading role in organizing text.
7236h agoCorText, a new framework, integrates neural activity into a large language model, enabling natural language interaction with brain data and generating accurate image captions and detailed answers.
7236h agoA Bayesian meta-learning framework converts raw functional predictions from normative theories into tractable probabilistic models that improve data-driven fits of real biological datasets.
7236h agoNeuromodulation helps artificial neural networks adapt to changing environments and improve performance by enhancing learning flexibility and robustness.
7236h agoMutations in the NaV1.1 sodium channel alter its function, leading to a severe reduction in firing rate and depolarization block in fast-spiking inhibitory neurons, which may contribute to Dravet syndrome.
7236h agoBrainPath, a 3D generative framework, predicts anatomically faithful MRIs at any timepoint from a single baseline scan and captures realistic and temporally consistent individual brain aging patterns.
7236h agoCombining synapse pruning with a learning-based compensation strategy creates lightweight Transformer-based models for spiking neural networks that use fewer parameters and less computing power without losing performance.
7236h agoA novel framework uses human neural organoids to investigate how internal world models form and adapt, enabling agents to understand, predict, and interact with their environment.
7236h agoDissipative-soliton resonance emerges naturally in strongly chirped dissipative solitons, providing a direct pathway to high-energy femtosecond oscillators without external amplification.
7236h agoMultifractal analysis of multimodal biosignals provides reliable features for characterizing cardiac recovery after physical exertion.
7236h agoThe perturbed oscillators-step system exhibits a transition from rotational to discontinuous behavior in its return map, and a hovering set of non-resonant orbits exists for certain parameters.
7236h agoProgrammable quantum devices control quantum chaotic dynamics using conditional feedback, and experiments with up to 100 qubits show a dynamical phase transition between quantum and classical dynamics.
7236h agoHadrons carry gauge-invariant charges, according to calculations of correlation functions on baryon and meson states in two-dimensional Yang-Mills theories.
7236h agoActive nematics exhibit critical states marked by slowed defect density relaxation, amplified fluctuations, and heightened sensitivity to activity, leading to long-ranged defect interactions and giant number fluctuations of topological defects.
7236h agoCities have spatial structures that encode different amounts of information at various scales, with richer and poorer households being more segregated than middle-income groups.
7236h agoCoordination across multiple agents and objectives faces fundamental thermodynamic constraints that force systems to simplify and change dynamically, leading to metastable states and requiring radical information loss.
7236h agoMixing particles of different sizes in a binary colloid under an AC electric field produces persistent active clusters that fragment and reassemble through asymmetric pair propulsion and spray-like fission.
7236h agoThe model of deep water surface gravity waves shows a finite-time transfer of energy from large scales to small scales for a range of phase parameters, and exhibits a bifurcation in blowup scenario as the phase parameter increases.
7236h agoAn unsupervised classifying agent can spontaneously align with the underlying structure of its environment and multiple agents can reach consensus through mutual influence.
7236h agoOptimizing the topology of a linear reservoir computer improves its performance and interpretability by decoupling its dynamics into independent modes and selecting an optimal connectivity based on a set of eigenvalues.
7236h agoAn infinite set of non-local integrals of motion exists for the deformed $W$-algebra associated with certain affine Lie algebras.
7236h agoThe Camassa-Holm equation has solutions made up of infinitely many peaked solitons that can be recovered from the moments of the underlying spectral measure using the inverse spectral transform method.
7236h agoThe semiclassical theory shows that the thermalization timescale of a quantum system is inversely proportional to the phase-space gradient of the Hamiltonian.
7236h agoInjecting a low-power single-mode seed into a chirped-pulse oscillator can enhance the energy scalability of dissipative solitons, but also leads to instability and a threshold-like transition to multiple-pulse generation.
7236h agoHigher-order interactions and non-Gaussian L\'{e}vy noise affect synchronization in complex networks, with synchronization weakening as the stability index decreases and disappearing when the scale parameter exceeds a critical threshold.
7236h agoIntermittent large velocity excursions in turbulent flows are characterized by two types of intermittency: magnitude intermittency and clustering intermittency, with the latter having received increasing attention in recent decades as a key aspect of turbulent flows.
7236h agoCombining spatial resolution with nonlinear probing capabilities reveals distinctive many-body signatures in interacting quantum systems, including asymmetric cross-peaks and anharmonicity, through momentum-resolved two-dimensional spectroscopy.
7236h agoA novel framework called Specific Object-of-Interest Imaging (SIOI) helps improve image inpainting by extracting object-level representations from complex scenes, leading to better performance and robustness in various conditions.
7236h agoA novel twelve-component and six-component semi-discrete nonlinear system was developed, which can model charge transportation and the actions of external parametric drive and magnetic field on quasi-one-dimensional lattices.
7236h agoThe analysis of correlation functions of quantum spin chains with general integrable boundary conditions reveals a method to compute these functions using the quantum separation of variables approach.
7236h agoModel reduction uses a few key variables to describe complex systems, and a new approach identifies these variables by finding those most predictive of the future using the information bottleneck.
7236h agoInvariant measures expressed in time-delay coordinates can identify the dynamics of a physical system up to a topological conjugacy, and combining measures from multiple delay frames with distinct observables allows for unique identification of the system.
7236h agoStrongly-interacting many-body chaotic systems have non-monotonic equilibrium energy distributions that differ from the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein forms.
7236h agoThe boson-fermion coupling enhances the stability of the quantum spin-glass phase and modifies the dynamics of both bosons and fermions.
7236h agoHyperuniform disorder induces a sharp delocalization transition and emergence of mobility edges in tight-binding chains, breaking the traditional paradigm that any disorder localizes all states in one dimension.
7236h agoAn unsupervised classifying agent can spontaneously align with the underlying structure of its environment and multiple agents can reach consensus through mutual influence.
7236h agoA configurational distance metric effectively unifies energy dissipation data across diverse preparation histories and testing protocols in glass materials.
7236h agoExceptional points in disordered three-dimensional non-Hermitian systems introduce new universality classes of Anderson localization transitions with distinct critical exponents.
7236h agoStrong mutualistic interactions in a network produce power law abundance distributions in a critical region of the phase diagram, identifiable as a Griffiths phase.
7236h agoThe geometric evolution of elastic domain-wall loops in two dimensions follows closed dynamical equations that link area and perimeter, enabling predictions for domain dynamics under various conditions.
7236h agoProgrammable quantum devices control quantum chaotic dynamics using conditional feedback, and experiments with up to 100 qubits show a dynamical phase transition between quantum and classical dynamics.
7236h agoDisorder in high entropy alloys plays a crucial role in their novel properties, with the crystal structure and compositional disorder affecting the electronic structure, and strong intrinsic disorder localizing charge carriers in osmium-based superconducting high entropy alloys.
7236h agoTraining large language models with Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards follows a predictable process of structural self-organization, where the model's reasoning process maps to a sparse semantic complex network that drives learning, forgetting, and skill acquisition.
7236h agoThe Tensor Network Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach generates unbiased samples of the Boltzmann distribution in 3D spin glasses and other large disordered systems much faster than conventional methods.
7236h agoEcological interactions between parents and mutants alter fixation probabilities and lead to prolonged parent-mutant coexistence in complex communities.
7236h agoNeural scaling laws for quadratic and diagonal neural networks show a detailed phase diagram of scaling exponents of excess risk based on sample complexity and weight decay.
7236h agoThe study derives sharp asymptotics for training and test errors in a single-head tied-attention layer and finds that weight decay induces low-rank query and key matrices, revealing the inductive bias introduced by factorized matrix training.
7236h agoThe shrinkage of thin layers of heterogeneous materials attached to a substrate breaks into two distinct phases: a damage phase where the layer cracks but remains intact, and a fragmentation phase where it disintegrates into small pieces.
7236h agoMigration must be strong enough to prevent extreme concentration on the fastest growing site when random growth rates and redistribution compete.
7236h agoStealthy disorder allows the localization length of the Anderson model in one dimension to exceed the system size for a range of stealthiness values, leading to effective delocalization.
7236h agoThe competition between a periodic potential and a quasi-periodic modulation in a one-dimensional lattice causes robust reentrant localization transitions, which are stabilized by the dimer structure of the unit cell.
7236h agoMulti-modal inference outperforms analyzing modalities in isolation, with a Bayes-optimal performance gain in a high-dimensional model where latent structures are recovered from two noisy data matrices with correlated spikes.
7236h agoThe relaxation timescales in a disordered spin-1/2 XX ladder model are connected to transport properties, with the RMT time scaling quadratically with system size and upper bounding the Thouless times, and spin diffusion proceeding faster than energy diffusion.
7236h agoNeural fields enable super-resolution reconstruction and novel view synthesis of brain MRI scans, improving visualization of micro-anatomical structures and providing a clinically viable approach for neurosurgical planning.
7240h agoPeople with aphasia after a stroke have varying levels of attention deficits, especially in orienting and executive control, which are linked to the severity of their aphasia and affect their ability to understand sentences.
7240h agoInfantile memories remain stored in hippocampal circuits and can be reinstated through a carefully orchestrated network process involving contextual reminders and offline reactivation.
7240h agoOlder adults use a more constrained and stability-focused neural control approach, with less flexible cortical and muscular responses, to compensate for age-related sensorimotor changes.
7244h agoCortical energy consumption corresponds closely with retinotopic representation, suggesting that metabolic resources are shaped by the processing demands of visual perception.
7244h agoAmyloid accumulation and brain network dysfunction are linked in Alzheimer's disease, with distinct brain regions and networks showing changes at different stages of disease progression.
7244h agoAstrocyte activation corrects memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice by increasing neuronal activity, improving long-term plasticity, and reducing beta-amyloid plaques.
7244h agoLow-intensity ultrasound stimulation of specific deep brain structures, such as the globus pallidus internus and the pulvinar, improves visual attention by accelerating reaction time in a visual search task.
7244h agoEquitable data relationships through culturally appropriate governance and technical infrastructure are needed to improve health outcomes for Indigenous Peoples using genomics-focused neuroscience.
7248h agoPure awareness in experienced meditation practitioners is characterized by enhanced neural diversity and aperiodic dynamics, and is stabilized by slow-frequency oscillatory synchronization.
7248h agoAlzheimer's disease affects the gut by causing early changes in the enteric nervous system, including increased neuronal excitability and intestinal motility, and later leads to structural and synaptic changes.
7248h agoDisrupted sleep patterns in Alzheimer's disease are caused by hyperactivity in the Locus Coeruleus, which is linked to impaired potassium channel function and can be treated by targeting 2A adrenergic receptors and Kv7 channels.
7248h agoBrain health is a dynamic process shaped by genetic and environmental influences throughout development, and early-life experiences modulate long-term cognitive and emotional outcomes.
7260h agoIterative Neural Similarity Deflation (INSD) breaks the simplicity bias in recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained on neuroscience-style tasks, generating alternative solutions with distinct neural activity patterns and sometimes superior performance.
7260h agoA bio-inspired neural model based on interacting populations of rate neurons achieves robust performance in solving stochastic bandit problems, matching standard algorithms and exhibiting adaptive behavior.
7260h agoCycle closure in neural state space is the fundamental mechanism of memory and consciousness, where invariant cycles serve as carriers of meaning by filtering noise and preserving what persists across contexts.
7260h agoHigh-resolution neural datasets enable foundation models for brain-computer interfaces and neurological treatments, and Neuroprobe provides a suite of decoding tasks to study language processing in the brain, allowing researchers to determine when and where computations occur and compare competing modeling approaches.
7260h agoThe human brain organizes visual information in a scale-free way, with neural representations in the visual cortex following a consistent pattern where their variance decreases as a power law across four orders of magnitude of latent dimensions.
7260h agoA hierarchical multimodal model that combines visual, auditory, and semantic information over time accurately predicts distributed cortical responses to naturalistic stimuli in the brain.
7260h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) changes brain signals in methamphetamine users, making their brain activity more similar to that of healthy people, and gamma brain wave patterns can be used to distinguish between users who received rTMS and those who did not.
7260h agoAlzheimer's Disease detection can be improved by using sample-specific soft scores and two new methods, Soft Target Distillation and Instance-level Re-balancing, that address within-class heterogeneity and instance-level imbalance.
7260h agoThe controllability of a broad class of recurrent neural networks can be achieved using constant and piecewise constant inputs, allowing for the synthesis of controls that solve a two-point boundary value problem in state space.
7260h agoIntervener Complexity, which measures the number of intervening heads between a head and its dependent, and linear distance both predict sentence-level memory load, with sentence length having the broadest influence.
7260h agoThe algebraic quantisation approach allows integrable non-Abelian differential--difference equations, including the Toda hierarchy and a wide range of integrable lattices, to have a bi-quantum structure and explicit quantisation ideals.
7260h agoHybridizing a physics-based model with machine learning improves the accuracy of analyses and forecasts, especially when trained on high-quality data such as ERA5 reanalyses.
7260h agoElectric fields can control wrinkling in soft film-substrate composites, and the critical conditions for wrinkling are determined by the shear modulus ratio and pre-stretch of the material.
7260h agoThe Brauns-Marchetti model exhibits dynamics including traveling periodic wave-trains and spatiotemporal chaos, and its interface dynamics can be described by a modified version of the classical Mullins-Sekerka equations.
7260h agoA dynamical phase transition occurs in a 2D interacting many-body system, where information spreading changes from localized to chaotic with a sharp change in behavior.
7260h agoA physics-informed neural operator framework accurately predicts complex flow behaviour in kinetic systems by capturing the evolution of single-particle distribution functions without needing to explicitly solve the collision kernel.
7260h agoScientists create and study bright matter-wave solitons in optical lattices using an optical accordion lattice with tunable spacing.
7260h agoCombining Gaussian process regression with dynamic mode decomposition alleviates problems with kernel-based Koopman algorithms, including high computational demands and sensitivity to sensor noise.
7260h agoDeep neural networks and brains share a unified theoretical framework, with equations describing neuronal avalanches in brains also applying to activity cascades in neural networks, showing that networks learn best when poised between absorbing and active phases.
7260h agoThe pentagram map remains integrable for any stably finite ground ring, and its generalizations to different geometries can be viewed as pentagram maps in the projective plane over specific rings.
7260h agoThe Glider Equation, derived from Asymptotic Lenia, helps discover stable glider configurations and optimize update rules to find novel gliders with specific properties.
7260h agoThe synergy between two different learning policies in a resource allocation game leads to a phase transition and prevents long-term under-utilization of resources.
7260h agoChaotic synchronization occurs in two coherently coupled dissipative time crystals, marked by a crossover from staggered to uniform magnetization.
7260h agoMultiple localization transitions occur in a one-dimensional lattice with a periodic potential and a quasi-periodic modulation, and are stabilized by the dimer structure of the unit cell.
7260h agoMemory effects are necessary to accurately describe localization and transport in disordered systems, and a metric called "outgoing-pseudoflux" can be used to find signatures of localization and transport.
7260h agoDeep neural networks and brains share a unified theoretical framework, with equations describing neuronal avalanches in brains also applying to activity cascades in neural networks, showing that networks learn best when poised between absorbing and active phases.
7260h agoA universal model explains the properties of urban street networks by generating networks that match real-world patterns using a simple two-step mechanism.
7260h agoSoftmax attention achieves optimal performance in a single-location regression task, outperforming linear attention, because it achieves the Bayes risk at the population level and consistently performs better in the finite-sample regime.
7260h agoThe spectral distributions of one-dimensional arrays of subwavelength resonators can be characterised in terms of their constituent blocks, and their spectral gaps and edge-induced eigenmodes can be fully described.
7260h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: The study of a disordered Bose-Hubbard model reveals that symmetry-resolved entanglement exhibits entropic reduction at weak disorder, an abrupt formation of an entropy imbalance pattern, and a cluster MBL regime unique to Bose statistics.
7260h agoThe global density-of-states correlation function shows GUE-type oscillations at low energies and matches results from the cavity equation approach at high energies.
7260h agoTwo novel dynamical scaling laws govern how model performance evolves during training, relating performance to different norm-based complexity measures.
7260h agoThe initialisation of neural networks can be optimised using a simple algorithm that identifies the correct choice of initialisation hyper-parameters to prevent failure modes and ensure smooth training.
7260h agoNon-interacting spin-wave theory predicts the exact diffusion constant for a kinetically-constrained hopping process on a triangular lattice with specific properties.
7260h agoA primitive form of intuition emerges in large predictive models when they balance short-term prediction with long-term exploration, producing genuine insight beyond mere memorization of training data.
7260h agoNonreciprocal interactions can change the universality class of pairs of asymmetrically coupled systems undergoing a phase transition, according to criteria based on unperturbed critical exponents.
7260h agoWorking memory contents are adaptively distributed across the nervous system to guide actions, with visual information being expressed in patterns of eye and hand movements during a memory delay, and the distribution of this motor activity shifting depending on the task requirements.
7264h agoHuman DRG-derived cells, HD10.6, exhibit nociceptive properties, including pain-sensing machinery, electrical functionality, and opioid receptor response, mirroring human nociceptors and providing a model for studying pain sensation and developing therapeutic drugs.
7264h agoDisrupted protein homeostasis and neuroinflammation drive FOXG1 syndrome pathogenesis, causing severe brain development disruptions, cognitive impairments, and neurological defects.
7264h agoLRRK2 mutations disrupt iron homeostasis in cells, causing elevated iron storage and increasing vulnerability to ferroptosis, a process that can lead to cell death.
7264h agoDendritic slow inward and fast outward currents mainly contribute to afterdepolarization potentials and spike-adding, and their effects are modulated by dendritic size, passive properties, and calcium influx.
7264h agoTmem117 in oligodendrocytes regulates the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia by controlling intracellular calcium dynamics, and its depletion leads to myelin deficits and defects in glucose homeostasis.
7264h agoPsychopathy stems from abnormalities across a collection of brain regions, including the insular and prefrontal cortices, rather than isolated areas.
7264h agoProline-Rich Transmembrane Protein2 (PRRT2) regulates sodium channel slow inactivation, facilitating entry into this state and delaying recovery, which supports cortical resilience.
7264h agoThe transition to motherhood results in changes to brain structure and function that enhance cognitive abilities, particularly spatial learning and cognitive flexibility, which help mothers navigate their environment and care for their offspring.
7264h agoThe visual system adapts to repeated sensory events by selectively reducing motor responses to irrelevant stimuli while maintaining reflexive inhibition, allowing it to stay responsive to new stimuli.
7264h agoAcute aerobic exercise enhances memory formation by inducing minor DNA damage that serves as a necessary primer for memory consolidation, a mechanism that may be impaired in Alzheimer's disease.
7264h agoPRISM, a new platform, integrates protein barcodes with tissue imaging to map neuronal morphology and molecular annotations, enabling accurate automatic tracing of neurons and characterization of synaptic structures.
7264h agoTHC disrupts mouse behavior by altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, leading to motor impairment.
7264h agoGlial cell-surface protein DIP-{beta} down-regulation during aging can contribute to brain aging, and its overexpression in glial cells increases lifespan by improving cell-cell communication.
7264h agoAging involves declines in motor function during dual tasks, and this is linked to changes in brain networks, with motor networks showing reorganization and cognitive networks showing compensatory recruitment.
7264h agoBrain oscillations, particularly theta oscillations, facilitate verbal learning and influence the strategies people use to encode information, with different patterns supporting semantic and serial clustering.
7264h agoHigher exposure to certain air pollutants is associated with more perivascular spaces in the brain and poorer cognitive performance in preadolescents.
7264h agoSex differences exist in human brain white matter, with distinct structural connectivity patterns in females and males.
7264h agoVoltage imaging analysis needs to be tailored to different experimental settings to ensure data integrity and interpretation.
7264h agoDopamine receptor sensitivity is associated with the tendency to attribute incentive salience to reward cues and with sensitivity to cocaine's appetitive effects.
7264h agoPropensity score matching reduces systematic bias in neuroimaging research by matching groups on scan quality metrics, leading to more comparable groups and generalizable results.
7264h agoOlder individuals exhibit changes in brain dynamics, including stronger global coupling and a shift towards a supercritical regime, indicating a systematic reconfiguration of whole-brain dynamics with age.
7264h agoThe cGAS-STING immune pathway fuels neuropathology and cognitive deficits in tauopathies, and disrupting this pathway restores immune homeostasis and attenuates tau pathology and cognitive deficits.
7264h agoChanges in brain functioning relate to changes in behavior within individuals, and brain responses to rewards are more accurately studied within-person rather than between-person.
7264h agoPeople learn to balance an unstable inverted pendulum more easily when its natural dynamics align with their control strategies and abilities.
7264h agoFocal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) shows subtype-specific changes in biomarker expression, particularly in the mTOR signaling pathway, which is centrally involved in cortical malformations.
7264h agoSpinal cord disinhibition converts most excitatory neurons into highly polymodal cells, unmasking a previously dormant excitatory circuit that spans both superficial and deep dorsal horn laminae, leading to neuropathic pain.
7264h agoPredicting how brain features change over time improves the accuracy of seizure forecasting models that use continuous intracranial EEG recordings.
7264h agoThe human prefrontal cortex shows a clear response to different levels of stimulation, with its activity increasing in a predictable, S-shaped curve in more than half of healthy participants.
7264h agoLearning new words in a second language works best through overall exposure and cumulative practice, and leads to more efficient neural processing and a reorganization of semantic processing.
7264h agoA history of depression in people with Huntington's disease is associated with reduced flexibility in brain connections, particularly in pathways involving the striatum and hippocampus.
7268h agoShort-pulse oxygen inhalation boosts creative problem-solving by enhancing both the quality and quantity of creative ideas.
7268h agoCortical areas with similar myeloarchitecture show similar patterns of gene co-expression in key neuronal cell types, and follow coordinated developmental trajectories across the cortical hierarchy in marmosets.
7276h agoPropagation mapping, a novel framework, accurately predicts the spatial organization of brain maps by modeling regional signal amplitude and connectivity.
7276h agoDscam1 shapes presynaptic architecture and supports circuit performance by regulating presynaptic terminal size, which in turn affects the distribution of synaptic proteins and overall circuit function.
7276h agoLocal thalamic interneurons play a crucial role in regulating brain activity during sleep and sensory learning by inducing rebound oscillations and controlling spindle formation.
7276h agoBeta bursts in the amygdala and hippocampus coordinate emotional processing by regulating neural activity, specifically suppressing hippocampal firing during negative emotions.
7276h agoAlpha-band neural oscillations directly affect visual detection by modulating sensitivity through changes in internal noise and sensory tuning to relevant stimulus features.
7280h agoThe prediction of future fasting rapidly activates AgRP neurons, which cause hunger, through excitatory input from paraventricular hypothalamic neurons expressing Sim2.
7280h agoCerebrovascular inflammation compromises blood-brain barrier integrity in Alzheimer's disease through a specific pathway involving the NF-KB-associated endothelial gene module endoM2.
7280h agoA standardized protocol improves the accuracy and consistency of synapse identification in volumetric electron microscopy by combining machine learning and human annotation.
7292h agoThe brain builds predictive models by creating compositional representations that enable flexibility and adaptability, allowing it to generalize to new environments by combining independent modules.
7300h agoVisual information provides two independent benefits to listening: one through lip reading and the other through enhanced auditory streaming.
7300h agoCognitive flexibility is linked to two neural signatures: a transient frontal theta increase and a sustained alpha/beta suppression, which occur during task switching and are distinct from general cognitive abilities.
7300h agoDuring human brain development, neurons increase the GluN2A subunit of NMDA receptors, which helps regulate their function, and this change is crucial for normal NMDA receptor activity.
7300h agoThe prediction of a trajectory is temporarily stopped after a change in the trajectory, and the cerebellum helps to process and adjust this prediction.
7300h agoAn automated method using deep learning helps a visual neuroprosthesis generate optimal stimulation patterns that evoke targeted neural responses, improving sight restoration in a blind participant.
7312h agoRespiratory alignment is dynamically adjusted according to task demands, with people aligning their breathing more consistently around stimulus onset for trials that require more effort or have stricter deadlines.
7312h agoEMO predicts how noncoding variants regulate gene expression across tissues and single cells by integrating DNA sequence and chromatin accessibility data.
7320h agoA brain rhythm-based inference model shows that rhythmic neural activity enables robust speech processing by dynamically predicting context.
7320h agoSensory information converges onto a common output neuron, MBON-m1, which encodes whether cues are attractive or repulsive and guides navigation.
7320h agoDifferent hormonal environments influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.
7324h agoReducing plasma cholesterol levels protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss by preserving cochlear outer hair cells, and this is the mechanism by which statins exert their protective effect.
7324h agoNDNF cortical interneurons presynaptically inhibit somatostatin interneurons in Layer1 of the visual cortex, modulating inhibitory responses in pyramidal neurons and enabling context-dependent visual processing during specific behavioral conditions.
7328h agoThe feedback circuit from retrosplenial cortex to primary visual cortex relays selective visual signals that match the region of the visual field being processed and predict upcoming visual activity during movement.
7328h agoThe posterior insular cortex generates a plastic representation of an auditory cue during fear learning, driven by long-term potentiation of an associative cortical input.
7328h agoMemory engrams change over time as neurons switch and brain regions interact, and this process allows for memory consolidation.
7328h agoStimulation of NMDA receptors triggers a signaling pathway that disassembles RNP granules, leading to local protein synthesis and axonal regeneration.
7328h agoNaked mole-rats have a greatly expanded cold sensing system, with more cold-sensitive sensory neurons and multiple mechanisms to detect cold, which helps them adapt to their environment.
7328h agoSARS-CoV-2 infection causes widespread changes in DNA methylation in the blood, with more severe cases showing greater changes, and these changes may link to long-term neurological and psychiatric disorders.
7328h agoA dual-path framework reconstructs natural and intelligible speech from brain recordings by concurrently decoding acoustic and linguistic representations.
7328h agoThe striatum plays a key role in determining whether a goal is worth the required cognitive effort by encoding both the benefits and costs of actions.
7328h agoPeople with subjective cognitive decline have weaker brain responses to certain types of speech, especially less engaging and prosodically flat speech.
7332h agoIntervener Complexity, which measures the number of intervening heads between a head and its dependent, is positively associated with sentence-level memory load, along with sentence length and dependency length.
7332h agoSpeech foundation models' alignment with brain responses is mainly driven by their ability to learn and encode simple speech features, and they exhibit a trade-off between encoding low-level and high-level features across layers.
7332h agoNeural networks with ReLU activation function operate in an affine manner over convex polyhedra, and their representations have homology groups isomorphic to quotient homology groups, allowing intrinsic calculation of Betti numbers.
7332h agoA new technique called ML-PWS uses machine learning to accurately calculate the information transmission rate of stochastic systems from experimental time-series data.
7332h agoNonreciprocal interactions in oscillator networks drive spatiotemporal chaos through two distinct pathways, either by amplifying instabilities or broadening eigenfrequency distributions, while dissipative nonlinearities suppress chaos.
7332h agoThe Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) matrix model represents quantum chaotic systems with time-reversal symmetry, and its universal level statistics can be expressed in a topological expansion with a finite radius of convergence.
7332h agoSpatial structure plays a crucial role in the evolution of cooperative behavior, and random and directed motion affect spatial pattern formation and population payoff in a hawk-dove game.
7332h agoA non-commutative five-dimensional Chern-Simons theory compactifies to a Lagrangian formulation of the KP equation, which describes a three-dimensional integrable system.
7332h agoNew families of classical stochastic dynamics stabilize order in two and higher dimensions without symmetry, with some models maintaining order only in two dimensions.
7332h agoThe Stochastic Box-Ball System, a probabilistic cellular automaton, exhibits long-term behavior governed by isolated particles and occasional emergence of short solitons, which rarely form longer solitons.
7332h agoA deterministic denoising algorithm based on Markov chains improves efficiency and sample quality in text and image generation tasks for discrete-state diffusion models.
7332h agoTwo coherently coupled dissipative time crystals exhibit chaotic synchronization with a crossover from staggered to uniform magnetization, and this behavior persists in finite-size quantum dynamics.
7332h agoA new methodology analyzes chaotic itinerancy in dynamical systems using entropy and clustering algorithms to identify quasi-stable states and chaotic transitions.
7332h agoThe two-star random graph model has a set of auxiliary variables that control its thermodynamic limit as the number of vertices tends to infinity.
7332h agoElectromagnetic waves in pair plasma experience Anderson self-localization, leading to reflection and separation into trapped pockets, due to random density fluctuations created by the waves themselves.
7332h agoThe particle-scale dynamics of highly concentrated particle-fluid mixtures transition smoothly among viscous, collisional, and visco-collisional behaviours as material properties and applied stresses change.
7332h agoSize-dependent critical states exhibit critical localization signatures only at finite sizes but transition to Anderson localization in the thermodynamic limit.
7332h agoTailoring the cellular nanostructure of samarium-cobalt-based magnets improves magnetic performance by enhancing coercivity through specific nanostructural and magnetic features.
7332h agoEntanglement asymmetry grows in two scenarios where symmetry is broken, exhibiting overshooting behavior, and remains broken in one scenario, consistent with quantum thermalization principles.
7332h agoA method for analyzing the joint probability density of an eigenvalue and its associated right eigenvector for non-Hermitian random matrices is suggested, allowing derivation of the density in specific cases and providing insights into eigenvalue and eigenvector distributions.
7332h agoThe theory predicts the densest packing fraction of bidisperse disc packings based on the sizes ratio and concentrations of the disc types.
7332h agoGuillain-Barré syndrome causes weakness, sensory loss, and neuropathic pain through immune responses that involve specific interactions between leukocytes and peripheral nervous system cells.
7332h agoGenome editing using the RHO1-2 meganuclease arrests rod photoreceptor degeneration, restores retinal function, and maintains cones in a large animal model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa caused by the P23H mutation in the rhodopsin gene.
7332h agoMeditative states of consciousness, known as minimal phenomenal experiences, are associated with a shift in brain activity towards a more flexible and open state, where usual patterns of brain activity give way to generalized flexibility.
7332h agoVisual onsets suppress the generation of saccades, and the direction of saccades that do occur reflects the neural responses to visual stimuli in the brain, with vision dominating sound in this process.
7332h agoAntibodies against amyloid-beta distribute not only to amyloid plaques but also to neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels in the brain.
7332h agoThe interactions of turbulent vortices in the brain provide a framework for understanding cognition and brain computation.
7332h agoDepletion of the enzyme dNmnat causes axon degeneration, and mutations that suppress this degeneration reveal new links between NAD-related metabolites and neuronal survival.
7332h agoA mathematical framework based on an exponential map model creates transparent neural representations of physical space, revealing exact algebraic conditions for key properties such as path invariance, translational invariance, and metric preservation.
7332h agoMicroglia show the strongest evidence for disease association across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, and a specific microglial signature can be used as a biomarker for conserved microglial activation.
7332h agoThe analysis identifies causal regulatory genes and their networks across different brain cell types, revealing established and novel regulations, pathways, and hub genes involved in Alzheimer's disease.
7332h agoThe database provides high-quality brain imaging data from 40 participants, including scans from movie-watching and sensory mapping tasks, to support the study of brain function.
7332h agoDynamic Network States (DyNeStE) model successfully recovers dynamic brain network states and captures long-range temporal dependencies in network dynamics, providing an interpretable framework for understanding large-scale neural activity.
7332h agoReal-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback using representational similarity analysis helps people change their emotional states by providing visual feedback on brain activity, allowing them to shift towards specific emotional patterns.
7332h agoAging alters the use and representation of boundary information, leading to changes in spatial memory, with older adults relying more heavily on proximity to boundaries when navigating and recalling object locations.
7332h agoPreparatory activity in the human motor cortex encodes diverse features of upcoming movements, including direction, curvature, distance, and speed, which can be used to improve brain-computer interfaces.
7332h agoChronic stress alters the activity of the lateral habenula, a key brain region for decision-making, in a sex-dependent manner, without impairing behavioral flexibility.
7332h agoNeural networks develop different strategies to recall information, and the best ones use a stimulus-invariant index code that focuses on the position of each item, creating a stable scaffold for forward recall.
7332h agoDistraction has a unique neural signature characterized by attenuated event-related potentials and weaker large-scale neural coordination, which can be reliably predicted by EEG activity.
7332h agoA novel device that delivers smells in sync with a person's breathing cycle reveals that neural activity changes during the first inhalation after smelling an odor, and this change can accurately classify individual odor identification.
7332h agoTranscranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) stimulation causes neurodegeneration in brain regions associated with stimulation and in functionally connected areas, even without disrupting motor skills.
7332h agoA new human cell-based model allows for the study of connections between corticospinal and spinal motor neurons, mimicking the human corticospinal tract and enabling research into neurodegenerative diseases.
7332h agoAmphisomes containing BDNF/TrkB that can signal are formed at presynaptic boutons after high-frequency stimulation and contribute to the fast turnover of key presynaptic proteins.
7332h agoAuditory cues guide eye movements to expected locations during navigation, and removing them impairs predictive gaze and increases collisions.
7332h agoThe Minds AI Filter, a lightweight physics-based method, enhances neural activity in EEG data while suppressing non-neural noise by exploiting spatial structure and band-aware synchrony.
7332h agoA computational model based on the concept of "memory" predicts activity-dependent conduction velocity changes of action potentials in unmyelinated axons with low errors.
7332h agoBeta cortico-cortical coherence between motor cortex and other cortical regions better predicts movement vigor than beta power.
7332h agoA new method uses ultra-high resolution MRI to infer cell types and molecular pathways in the brain, allowing for the prediction of disease features in Parkinson's patients.
7332h agoSlower movement speeds improve edge-orientation discrimination, while faster speeds worsen it, and people's natural movement speed does not predict their ability to discriminate edge orientation.
7332h agoEliminating gap junctions in mice impairs their ability to discriminate between similar odors, and reduces the excitation of output cells in the olfactory bulb in response to sensory stimulation.
7332h agoThe sensorimotor system controls bilateral arm movements by adjusting coordination along movement direction and extent independently based on task demands, prioritizing corrections for deviations that impact task goals.
7332h agoAbsence seizures occur when brain dynamics are confined to a chaotic attractor, driven by synchronized feedback loops between the cortex, thalamus, and specific neurons, leading to sudden lapses in consciousness.
7336h agoStructural connectivity helps regulate functional brain signals differently in control and semantic cognitive systems as people age, particularly around midlife.
7336h agoConscious awareness of a stimulus can emerge retrospectively, following a rhythmically structured and temporally constrained process that involves damped oscillations in attention and perception.
7336h agoNeural representations of familiar peers are initially similar across people, but become more unique to each individual over time as they gain personal experiences.
7336h agoA 3D map of a pygmy squid's nervous system was created using X-ray holographic nanotomography, revealing large-scale connectivity and major body regions.
7336h agoThe brain encodes complex motion signals in a structured and distributed code, extracting individual features in a specific order and combining them through a simple summation mechanism.
7340h agoGABAergic lung-stretch feedback circuits promote rhythmic breathing by creating a temporary stable state that terminates diaphragmatic contraction, while glutamatergic signaling opposes this effect to promote rapid inspiration.
7340h agoCombining whole-brain activity imaging with electron microscopy allows identifying neurons with specific functions, and this approach reveals a distributed network of brain neurons involved in processing painful stimuli in Drosophila larva.
7340h agoThe accumulation of specific types of tau protein, called bioactive oligomers, which are small and phosphorylated on their surface, can induce seeding and templated misfolding in cells and support the formation of fibrils.
7340h agoA new tool accelerates the segmentation of brain MRI scans, enabling fast and highly granular analysis of brain structure at a fraction of the computational cost of existing methods.
7344h agoOctopamine signaling from specific clock neurons regulates long-term memory in Drosophila, with octopamine from LNds essential for memory maintenance and octopamine from Pdf neurons essential for memory consolidation.
7344h agoLarge language models offer promises and perils across scientific domains, with emerging applications and challenges to overcome.
7344h agoProgenitors born at E16 generate NG2-glia with enhanced proliferative capacity, while those born at P0 are more likely to form oligodendrocytes, establishing a developmental framework for adult NG2-glia heterogeneity.
7348h agoBrain activity has rhythmic and arrhythmic components that contribute to conscious perception, and standard analytic methods often confuse these two components, but an alternative approach can effectively separate them.
7348h agoAmphisomes in neurons integrate degradative transport with activity-dependent signalling.
7348h agoCooperative behavior relies on specific strategies, which are disrupted in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder, leading to deficits in adaptive behavior.
7348h agoGlutamatergic synapses between the central nucleus of the amygdala and the caudal pontine reticular nucleus contribute to sensorimotor gating regulation and are a potential therapeutic target for disorders with impaired sensorimotor gating, such as schizophrenia.
7348h agoGluN3A subunits form excitatory glycine receptors that regulate cell and circuit excitability in the hippocampus through direct excitation of specific interneurons, influencing brain development, plasticity, and function.
7348h agoBrain networks switch between different states to meet energy demands, and girls and boys differ in these states, with better cognitive performance linked to more flexible switching.
7348h agoCalpain-2 inhibition or deletion increases neurogenesis and maturation of dendritic spines in adult mice by increasing levels of the transcription factor MEIS2.
7348h agoA new computer network called RAVEN can increase the resolution of brain MRI images, allowing for better detection of subtle changes related to healthy aging and disease.
7352h agoDifferential phase shifts across grid cell modules form the basis for the orthogonalization of downstream hippocampal spatial codes during remapping.
7352h agoIschemia and spreading depolarization disrupt normal brain function by altering ion concentrations, with calcium accumulating most in basilar dendrites and ischemia causing higher intracellular chloride levels in distal apical dendrites.
7352h agoThe synaptic connections between Kenyon cells and mushroom body output neurons play a key role in the brain's ability to distinguish between different odors.
7356h agoHeterogeneity across layers of a multilayer network influences dynamics on the whole network, with interlayer edges involving peripheral nodes often exerting more influence than those involving core nodes.
7356h agoThe study finds that vision-language models contain distinct types of neurons, including visual neurons, text neurons, and multi-modal neurons that process visual or text information, or both.
7356h agoAffective states emerge through coupled active inference between individuals, modeled as reciprocal interactions that track prediction errors and self-relevance to compute valence.
7356h agoPurple structures appear blue when surrounded by other purple structures, but appear purple when directly focused on.
7356h agoThe Generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem provides exact formulas that relate changes in model parameters to changes in system statistics, enabling efficient calibration of complex dynamical systems.
7356h agoThe Orlov-Schulman symmetries are constructed for the Manakov-Santini hierarchy and proven compatible with its basic flows.
7356h agoOpinion dynamics in a population transition from a bipolarized state to a consensus state as the interaction threshold between individuals changes, with a diverse population tending to reach consensus sooner than a homogeneous one.
7356h agoQuantum integrability in a spin chain model appears when the interaction strength has a rational value, and its absence is marked by Poisson statistics in the eigenvalue spacing.
7356h agoChirality in chase-and-run dynamics enhances pattern formation, suppresses oscillations, and creates new dynamical structures, such as rotating pulses, in populations that pursue or flee from each other.
7356h agoDiscrete-time biological systems can be accurately described by continuous-time models governed by differential equations that precisely match the original discrete-time behavior.
7356h agoThe four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory can realize integrable deformations of two-dimensional field theories through dynamical coordinate transformations.
7356h agoNeural networks with certain properties can have a set of weights that assign the same labels to all data, making it hard to find a collision, and this hardness emerges when the overlap gap property appears in the space of collisions.
7356h agoPhase change materials made of Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_{5-5x}$Se$_{5x}$ exhibit metallic behavior and their electronic interactions can be tuned via chemical doping.
7356h agoThe relaxation timescales of a disordered spin-$1/2$ XX ladder are connected to its transport properties, with the RMT time scaling quadratically with system size and upper bounding the Thouless times, and spin diffusion proceeding faster than energy diffusion.
7356h agoA new theoretical framework simulates complex molecular ordering in Langmuir monolayers, describing intricate structures and matching experimental data.
7356h agoA disorder-guaranteeing theory predicts the packing fraction of the densest bidisperse packings of discs, which depends on the size ratio and concentrations of the disc types.
7356h agoA one-dimensional quasiperiodic tight-binding model exhibits localization-delocalization phase transitions and a quantum Mpemba effect, where states farther from the steady state can relax faster than states closer to it.
7356h agoThe Ising ferromagnet with long-range power-law interactions has a ferromagnetic phase at finite temperature when the interaction range exponent a is between 0.74 and 2.
7356h agoCharge disorder in dielectric slabs causes a downward shift of an atom's energy levels, resulting in an attractive force that can overcome the Casimir-Polder force at large atom-surface separations.
7356h agoRose Bengal causes rapid vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow, while light used in photothrombosis induces tissue heating and increased blood flow, and male mice have larger strokes than females.
7356h agoHormonal state and social context interact to determine social behavior, with gonadal hormones playing a key role in coordinating territorial behaviors through hormone-sensitive neurons.
7360h agoBlood-derived dietary protein drives sustained increases in sleep and reduced locomotion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
7364h agoKisspeptin neurons in a specific area of the brain show a prolonged oscillatory activity pattern that depends on estrogen and triggers the luteinizing hormone surge that leads to ovulation.
7364h agoA specific neural circuit in the brain, modulated by cannabinoid1 receptor, maintains defensive homeostasis in risk assessment in a female-specific manner.
7364h agoThe cortex represents the body's configuration in space by organizing the body schema around actions, using a neural code that is anchored to gravity and aware of actions.
7364h agoSeeing other fish escape helps a fish escape from danger, and specific brain areas are activated when a fish sees its social partners rapidly escape or disappear.
7364h agoAgeing and diabetic polyneuropathy affect thermal perception by reducing sensitivity and precision, particularly for cold detection, and combining these parameters can help distinguish patients from healthy controls.
7364h agoThe porcine lumbar spine provides a reliable model for endoscopic spine surgery training with modifications for optimal anatomical correlation and surgical ergonomics.
7368h agoNTG skin fibroblasts have similar mitochondrial and glycolytic function, glucose metabolism, amino acid profile, and oxidative stress resilience as controls.
7372h agoThe presence of a social component in speech strengthens neural responses to the speech envelope, indicating heightened listener engagement, and neural processing differs depending on the level of social relevance of the speech material.
7372h agoPlanning is implemented in neural circuits through a "spacetime attractor" that embeds environment structure in synaptic connections, allowing the brain to anticipate the future and adjust actions accordingly.
7372h agoThe development of neural circuits that control the heart follows a staged program, starting with brain-to-heart vagal motor innervation, then sympathetic innervation, and finally vagal sensory neurons innervating the heart.
7376h agoA novel deep learning framework called SBIND models spatiotemporal dependencies in neural images, disentangles behaviorally relevant dynamics, and outperforms existing models in predicting neural-behavioral relationships.
7380h agoA new framework combining data-driven noise evaluation and advanced signal visualization improves the signal quality of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces by recovering key characteristics of brain activity and precisely locating their sources.
7380h agoNeural populations are driven by complex recurrent structures and external inputs, and BRAID, a deep learning framework, models these dynamics underlying behavior by incorporating measured external inputs.
7380h agoCombining psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics provides a deeper understanding of language processing, leading to more effective rehabilitation strategies.
7380h agoA temporal complexity analysis of a biologically-inspired Hopfield-type neural network model reveals that scale-free and random network topologies exhibit similar dynamical behaviors and temporal complexity characteristics, with scale-free topologies showing reduced noise.
7380h agoSelf-induced trance states alter brain activity in areas linked to rich subjective experiences, including the frontal regions, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the left parietal cortex.
7380h agoProbabilistic Geometric Principal Component Analysis (PGPCA) is a new dimensionality reduction algorithm that incorporates knowledge about nonlinear manifold geometry to better describe data distributions.
7380h agoA novel method combining discrete wavelet transform and graph theory accurately captures dynamic brain network changes, allowing for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
7380h agoLarge Language Models lack working memory, which leads to unrealistic responses, self-contradictions, and struggles with mental reasoning tasks.
7380h agoA reaction-advection-diffusion model identifies critical thresholds of policing intensity that can lead to persistent crime hotspots or oscillatory crime-policing cycles.
7380h agoOptimal networks for synchrony have a combination of characteristics including being sparse, bipartite, elongated, and extremely monophilic.
7380h agoNonlinearity in the Schrödinger equation leads to rich phenomena, and a new model with curvature-dependent dynamics links to a topological quantity, producing robust soliton structures and flat-top beams.
7380h agoA dimensional reduction approach allows for the exact capture of high-dimensional dynamics in coupled oscillator networks using a set of closed-form macroscopic equations.
7380h agoNew predator-prey models that account for memory and kicks are proposed, using fractional derivatives and periodic kicks to describe behaviors of predators and prey with power-law fading memory.
7380h agoA temporal complexity analysis of a biologically-inspired Hopfield-type neural network model reveals that scale-free and random network topologies exhibit similar dynamical behaviors and temporal complexity characteristics, with scale-free topologies showing reduced noise.
7380h agoThe statistics of a chaotic system can be predicted by constructing a sequence of periodic differential operators and computing their densities of states.
7380h agoChimera states emerge in non-reciprocal higher-order structures called m-directed hypergraphs because of the directionality and the higher-order topology, allowing coherent and incoherent regions to coexist.
7380h agoA novel framework called "Specific Object-of-Interest Imaging" enhances image inpainting by extracting object-level representations from complex scenes, leading to more accurate and efficient image repair.
7380h agoMatrices with rational entries have a Lie-Poisson structure defined by an r-matrix, and this structure can be extended to Riemann surfaces of any genus.
7380h agoSize-dependent critical states exist in quasiperiodic systems, displaying critical localization signatures only at finite sizes before transitioning to Anderson localization in the thermodynamic limit.
7380h agoPeriodic twisting of two superimposed square-lattice potentials creates a spatially varying multi-frequency drive that leads to ring-shaped states with non-trivial topological signatures.
7380h agoDifferent initial configurations evolve into distinct states in quantum systems near a phase transition, enabling classification of states in quantum cellular automata and neural networks.
7380h agoThe weak localization theory for graphene heterostructures reveals that valley-Zeeman splitting affects magnetoconductivity only when Rashba splitting is present, and inter-valley scattering reverses the conductivity sign.
7380h agoThe study finds that light-driven excitation transfer in an artificial LH1-RC complex shows a narrow efficiency peak on resonance, and environmentally assisted transport with an optimum dephasing level off resonance.
7380h agoA DC electric field affects Anderson localization in a disordered electronic lattice, causing a counterintuitive shift of the distribution edge in the opposite direction of the band edge.
7380h agoElectric-field-assisted variable range hopping enables nonlinear transport in disordered one-dimensional insulating chains, following a scaling law where conductivity increases nonlinearly with electric field strength.
7380h agoTime crystalline structures can be used to create a broad range of quantum devices, including a quantum computer, by serving as temporal lattices that allow for arbitrarily connected and reconfigurable elements.
7380h agoSpinal interneurons called dI3 play an essential role in adapting motor activity to meet a specific target or intention, allowing for the acquisition of new motor behaviors without input from the brain.
7388h agoNegative symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with lower cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, particularly in the frontal lobe and limbic regions.
7392h agoActive learning in physics courses changes brain connectivity in students, particularly increasing connections between the hippocampus and certain brain regions, unlike lecture-based learning.
7400h agoThe MicroBCI device enables the recording of EEG, EMG, and ECG signals and functions as a brain-computer interface, allowing for reliable noise performance and accurate detection of key neurological signals.
7404h agoEmotions are recognized patterns of cognitive activities that occur in response to deviations between an agent's goals and actions.
7404h agoA novel framework called EDT-PA identifies disease-specific brain connectivity patterns and accurately classifies brain disorders by modeling high-order dependencies between brain regions.
7404h agoQuantum-like modeling helps explain decision-making and cognition by applying quantum theory concepts to brain function, specifically by generating mental entanglement through classical neuronal networks.
7404h agoConvolutional neural networks are best at capturing functional patterns in human brain activity for classifying biological sex.
7404h agoLarge Language Models emulate human memory effects, such as remembering less with too much information and better with repeated exposure, but differ in susceptibility to presentation order and processing of meaningless material.
7404h agoA graph-based neural inference model infers latent neural connectivity by predicting neural activity and modeling neurons as interacting nodes in a graph, outperforming standard baselines in a wide range of conditions.
7404h agoA low-cost method for acquiring and analyzing electrogastrogram data uses a simple amplifier and a processing pipeline to minimize data loss and researcher bias.
7404h agoGenerative pretraining enables language models to learn from vast amounts of internet text, and these models can be adapted to a wide range of tasks in the brain sciences to illuminate computational principles.
7404h agoSparse ICA extracts relevant brain activation patterns without needing extra processing, performing competitively with classical methods and identifying clear activation areas in non-human primate neuroimaging data.
7404h agoA proposed criterion for phenomenal consciousness suggests that any machine meeting the condition should be regarded as conscious with the same level of confidence as humans.
7404h agoA unified framework for heat kernel smoothing on simplicial complexes extends signal processing to higher-order relationships in networks, allowing for enhanced signal quality and more accurate representation of complex biological systems.
7404h agoA neurogeometric model encodes complex motor primitives in the arm area of the motor cortex, reflecting the brain's hierarchical structure and its ability to extract local and global properties.
7404h agoSecond-person neuroscience models social cognition as embodied meaning co-regulation through reciprocal interaction, where affect emerges from inference over identity-relevant surprise and is computed from self-model prediction error.
7404h agoDeep Cluster Atlas (DCA) generates individualized brain maps that improve analysis of brain imaging data by creating functionally coherent and spatially contiguous regions.
7404h agoTrust depends on decision-making processes in neural systems and arises from multiple parallel systems that process information in different ways.
7404h agoAnts navigating through narrow passages manage bidirectional flow by changing direction when encountering ants moving in opposite directions, a behaviour consistent with game-theoretic predictions under bounded rationality.
7404h agoA combination of a lattice potential and an inverted cubic-quintic nonlinearity sustains stable one- and two-dimensional solitons in the semi-infinite bandgap.
7404h agoA novel twelve-component and six-component semi-discrete nonlinear system was developed, which can model actions of external parametric drive and uniform magnetic field and has specific properties for charge transportation.
7404h agoA collection of nonlinear integrable partial differential-difference equations satisfies the one-point distribution functions of some classical integrable KPZ models, and these equations are reparametrizations or scaling limits of the Hirota bilinear difference equation.
7404h agoA new physical law shows universality across various thermodynamical systems, exhibiting chaotic behavior under different conditions and relating to the Chaotic Action Principle.
7404h agoA newly discovered epithelial reticulum emerges during late maturation, comprising interpenetrating networks of cycling and non-cycling cells with varying mechanical properties, and self-organizes close to criticality to maintain epithelial homeostasis.
7404h agoA critical transition emerges in a stochastic exponential Modern Hopfield Network when the noise level reaches a certain threshold, marked by a change in the network's temporal memory and correlation dynamics.
7404h agoThe active Potts models show coarsening dynamics that follow the Lifshitz-Allen-Cahn law, but with a transient increase in growth rate and coarsening exponent when spiral waves are absent.
7404h agoA given static pattern distribution strongly constrains its underlying dynamics, which can be recovered using the Equilibrium flow method, a framework that learns continuous dynamics preserving the pattern distribution.
7404h agoThe study models synchronization using a mean field game formulation of the Kuramoto model, finding that diversity in intrinsic frequencies impacts synchronization patterns and stability.
7404h agoThe Sawada-Kotera differential-difference equation has multiple "tau-functions" that relate to each other, but only one of them fits into the Hirota bilinear form.
7404h agoChimera states emerge in non-reciprocal higher-order structures called m-directed hypergraphs because of the directionality and the higher-order topology, allowing coherent and incoherent regions to coexist despite non-reciprocal coupling.
7404h agoThis study derives analytical formulae for statistical properties of infinite-modal maps to predict extreme events in nonlinear dynamical systems.
7404h agoPatterns of evenly spaced rocks on Mars and Earth are more orderly than expected and can emerge spontaneously through the interaction of wind, gravity, and surface evolution.
7404h agoHomoclinic and heteroclinic connections in dynamical systems form cycles and networks that organize global phenomena, and asymptotic stability for general sequences along these networks is defined.
7404h agoA new method derives general recurrence relations for off-shell Bethe vectors in quantum integrable models with symmetries of type $\mathfrak{gl}_n$ or $\mathfrak{o}_{2n+1}$.
7404h agoEnergy-band thermalization allows an observable to thermalize in almost all states over accessible timescales without relying on microscopic properties of energy eigenvalues or eigenstates.
7404h agoChaos in a nonlinear field leads to dynamical thermalization and the formation of a Rayleigh-Jeans condensate when the nonlinearity exceeds a certain threshold.
7404h agoOne-dimensional weak topology induces an intermediate quasi-localized phase between metal and Anderson-localized phases in disordered lattice models.
7404h agoThe strong disorder renormalization group method is extended to study excited states and finite temperature properties of bond disordered antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains, finding that the distribution of couplings affects magnetic properties.
7404h agoThe ground state of the disordered interacting fermionic Hatano-Nelson model consists of strongly coupled pairs of spins at random positions, which leads to a negative and divergent magnetic susceptibility and a saturated entanglement entropy.
7404h agoA dynamic phase transition occurs in supercooled water when a small percentage of active molecules move, triggered by the system cooperativity, at a constant temperature.
7404h agoA custom convolutional neural network model directly extracts two-level system parameters, including frequency, coupling strength, dissipation time, and pure dephasing time, from simulated spectroscopy data.
7404h agoNonreciprocal interactions change the universality class of pairs of asymmetrically coupled systems undergoing a phase transition if certain criteria based on unperturbed critical exponents are met.
7404h agoIn one-dimensional topologically nontrivial systems with periodic driving and chiral symmetry, a localization-delocalization transition occurs as time varies within the driving period.
7404h agoThe study verifies a "min-max" formula for the free energy of vector spin glass models with additional deterministic spin interactions.
7404h agoDisorder can enhance ferromagnetism in a metal with repulsive interactions, and may even induce a ferromagnetic state in a non-ferromagnetic material, leading to the existence of a spin-glass phase at high disorder strengths.
7404h agoThe elastic properties of critically elastic materials are interrelated in a universal way that depends on the properties of their parent systems.
7404h agoPseudo-entropy, a new entanglement measure, is useful in detecting quantum phase transitions and chaos in quantum systems.
7404h agoAutoregressive neural quantum states show transitions in their average entanglement scaling, entanglement spectra, and correlation functions, and their normalization function affects entanglement and fluctuations.
7404h agoGene expression changes in the hippocampus during offline memory maintenance are characterized by regionalized differential expression of genes involved in synaptic functions and a reduction of metabolic activity across hippocampal sub-regions and memory-associated neuronal ensembles.
7404h agoThe peptide HAEE is naturally present in human blood plasma and its levels are lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease, making it a potential biomarker for diagnosis.
7404h agoNeural maturation involves large-scale changes in gene expression, chromosome conformation, and nuclear organization, but these processes are defective in motor neurons derived from ALS patients with C9orf72 gene mutations.
7404h agoThe mammalian cerebral cortex is made up of neurons that form a continuous range of cell types, with their properties varying gradually along the depth of the cortex. Or a rewritten version in a simpler sentence: Neurons in the cerebral cortex form a continuous range of cell types, varying gradually in properties along the cortex depth.
7404h agoRats in an open field exhibit distinct behavioral modes accompanied by marked changes in brain activity and regional communication between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
7404h agoThe cerebellohippocampal circuit's functional connectivity relates to cognitive performance, differs by sex and dementia risk, and may act as a compensatory network for short-term recall in older adults.
7404h agoInterleaving similar tasks during learning hinders performance, while blocking similar tasks improves performance and facilitates transfer, but only when one task is learned before the other.
7404h agoInhibitory neurons play a critical role in memory storage and management by functionally separating from excitatory neurons and interacting with them through modular connections.
7408h agoMotor skill learning causes microstructural changes in the brain, specifically a transient enlargement of cell soma and a sustained rise in cell-process density in certain areas, indicating that both homeostatic responses and structural plasticity contribute to motor memory consolidation.
7408h agoOpioids cause gene expression changes mainly in glial cells and dopamine neurons in the brain's reward circuits, through indirect mechanisms involving stress hormones, leading to neural adaptations.
7408h agoThe human auditory cortex prioritizes sounds differently based on their emotional content and type, with people who have misophonia symptoms showing a stronger response to certain sounds, especially orofacial ones.
7408h agoNewborns have a sophisticated visual brain architecture that is already organized into three distinct pathways, each with a hierarchical structure and adult-like organization, which emerges through intrinsic developmental mechanisms across late gestation.
7408h agoConvergent synaptic motifs, where multiple axons synapse onto the same target, are a common feature of neural circuits in the insect brain, including the Mushroom Body, and may optimize information transfer while conserving neural resources.
7408h agoAging reduces the ability of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to differentiate into myelinating cells, but these cells can still remyelinate the central nervous system in response to an inflammatory insult.
7408h agoRepeated seizures lead to changes in brain cells, including increased inflammation and metabolic problems, in areas that control breathing, which may contribute to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).
7408h agoInhibiting BET proteins reduces inflammation and amyloid-beta levels in the brain during a systemic inflammatory response in mice.
7408h agoThe mid-level sensory cortex, specifically area V4, contains signals that support recognition memory, with sparse coding and population response consistency predicting behavior.
7408h agoNeutral CB1R antagonism suppresses consummatory and motivated behaviors via dopamine-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
7412h agoA specific pair of mechanosensory neurons, expressing the mechanosensitive channels TMC, helps coordinate muscle contractions during ovulation in fruit flies by forming synapses with motor neurons to prevent egg jamming.
7412h agoPhaseICA, a novel data-driven approach, extracts reoccurring spatiotemporal patterns from brain activity by incorporating phase information, capturing spatial propagation across brain regions with interpretable representations.
7412h agoAlpha-synuclein transmitted from neuron to neuron through exosomes downregulates the frequency of retrograde carriers in recipient neurons, disrupting essential axonal trafficking.
7412h agoSensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the dorsal root ganglia regulate pain and other sensations, and changes in gene expression in these cells contribute to pain conditions.
7412h agoProprioceptive input to the primary motor cortex is generally suppressed during motor execution, but specific signals from antagonist muscles are selectively maintained to support posture control.
7412h agoTemporal Interference stimulation can bidirectionally modulate memory encoding by either impairing or enhancing recall depending on the frequency and target brain regions.
7412h agoRepeated seizures lead to changes in brainstem neurons, particularly in the Raphe Magnus region, which controls breathing and heart rate, with most changes occurring in local neurons.
7412h agoThe cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients is cytotoxic and kills cells, which may be due to the presence of cellular-damaging factors and reflect immunogenic cell death occurrence in the central nervous system.
7412h agoDefective dopamine storage in vesicles, caused by low ATP levels and impaired VMAT2 function, leads to dopamine oxidation and accumulation of toxic protein in Parkinson's disease.
7412h agoUsing diffusion MR images improves the accuracy of registering regions of interest in the brainstem for fMRI studies.
7412h agoPatients with post-acute anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis experience reduced structural brain complexity, which is linked to residual psychiatric symptoms and memory dysfunction.
7412h agoAttention helps resolve ambiguity in visual perception by biasing competition between object representations in the brain when multiple objects are present.
7416h agoBrain activity fluctuations affect decision-making and behavior, with internal states showing distinct activation patterns that reflect different types of sensory evidence and bias.
7416h agoThe prefrontal cortex uses a mix of generalist and task-specialized neural populations to support flexible decision-making, with the population structure becoming more modular as task rules change.
7416h agoNeonatal microglia transplantation promotes repair and regeneration in the adult central nervous system by reducing inflammation, promoting remyelination, and reversing cognitive decline.
7416h agoTraining improves sound localization by changing how neurons in the inferior colliculus process and decode sound, allowing the brain to adapt to abnormal hearing conditions.
7416h agoBeta-band activity in the motor cortex changes with practice, becoming more temporally precise and consistent, and reorganizing with training to reflect a neural readout of learning progression.
7416h agoA neural circuit from the medial septum to the subfornical organ helps prevent overhydration in mice by combining signals from the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.
7420h agoAdding lateral connections to Convolutional Neural Networks improves classification accuracy and makes their properties more similar to those of the mammalian visual system.
7428h agoBrain-to-image reconstruction models can accurately externalize subjective visual experiences from brain activity, and a theoretical analysis of two models provides guidelines for achieving efficient and accurate reconstruction with limited training data.
7428h agoA new framework recasts modeling choices as testable hypotheses and provides a simple protocol for evaluating model specifications, allowing researchers to turn neuroimaging data into mechanistic insights.
7428h agoA score-based generative model using stochastic Kuramoto dynamics in the diffusion process effectively generates orientation-rich images, such as fingerprints and textures, by capturing synchronization phenomena across coupled oscillators.
7428h agoThe weakly electric fish uses an adaptive internal model principle system to track the motion of its refuge, with the tracking error converging exponentially as the system adapts to unknown frequencies.
7428h agoThe receptive field responses in the earliest layers of the visual hierarchy are influenced by geometric image transformations, and covariant receptive field families can handle this variability by expanding receptive field shapes over image transformation degrees of freedom.
7428h agoNew discrete maps with memory are derived from fractional differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivatives, providing a discrete form of exact solutions for arbitrary positive orders.
7428h agoNonlinear fractional dynamics with scale invariance are described using non-integer-order integro-differential operators, leading to exact solutions and non-local mappings in time.
7428h agoThe synthetic Nodal-Lefty system supports the emergence of Turing patterns through Turing instability, allowing for the formation of various patterns, including dissipative structures.
7428h agoThe improved social force model with relative weight attraction shows stronger regulation and following capabilities in simulating pedestrian evacuation, especially in ensuring group cohesion during collisions with other pedestrians or obstacles.
7428h agoThe hot-electron limit closure provides a closed system for density, velocity, and temperatures, accurately reproducing linear growth rates, heat transport, and dynamics in certain geometries.
7428h agoThe plasma edge's electrostatic potential can be modeled as a superposition of integer spatial harmonics, and its transport depends on the perturbation amplitudes, relative phase, and spatial-mode choice.
7428h agoSpatial non-homogeneities synchronize clusters of oscillators in different frequency plateaus through a gradient of frequencies in a Ginzburg-Landau model.
7428h agoThe Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems have explicitly described low-dimensional Liouville tori.
7428h agoEngineers can manipulate topological charges in quantum systems by creating density zeros in localized wave excitations.
7428h agoIntervening in a part of a many-body system occasionally can robustly control its phase diagram, allowing stabilization of thermodynamically unstable phases.
7428h agoFoundation models often forecast physical systems by simply parroting the context, and a naive model that copies directly from the context outperforms leading models on predicting diverse dynamical systems.
7428h agoExtended Bose-Hubbard models with dipolar interactions have an integrable 3-site model with nearest-neighbour interactions for certain coupling parameters.
7428h agoA geometric method describes traveling wave solutions of the generalized Korteweg--de Vries equation by reducing it to an ordinary differential equation and then applying a stepwise integration algorithm to obtain implicit and explicit solutions.
7428h agoRing ferrodark solitons in a 2D ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate exhibit self-sustained oscillations in their radius, accompanied by nematic tensor breathing at the core, and their motion follows an equation similar to one governing classical fluid bubble dynamics.
7428h agoA self-learning resistor network called the Restricted Kirchhoff Machine solves unsupervised learning tasks by modifying its internal parameters through physical dynamics, enabling distributed and energy-efficient learning.
7428h agoA machine learning-based framework extends short-time and distance results of simulated spectra for strongly correlated systems, improving frequency and momentum resolution.
7428h agoA measurement-only circuit, the projective quantum Ising model with three-spin interactions, features three distinct phases separated by two critical lines.
7428h agoThe Wehrl-Rényi entropy is a subsystem-independent and experimentally measurable characterization of overall entanglement in pure states of N qubits.
7428h agoMonitoring classical stochastic processes can lead to measurement-induced phase transitions, including novel critical phases, as the monitoring rate changes.
7428h agoSparkling water mitigates cognitive fatigue and sustains esports performance in hardcore players during long training sessions.
7428h agoBrain exposure to red light damages old mice but not young mice, while blue light causes local damage in both young and old mice.
7428h agoMW073 reduces aggressive behavior in mice with Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that it may help address behavioral symptoms of the condition.
7428h agoThe CaMKII D135N mutation supports a structural rather than enzymatic function in inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength.
7432h agoGender inequality shapes brain structure differences between males and females, with the effect growing stronger with age, and is mainly driven by economic aspects of inequality.
7432h agoThe human pons development from fetus to early adulthood is mapped in a new encyclopedia called PEDIA-BRAIN, which reveals two paths to mature oligodendrocytes and limited synaptic interactions between neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
7432h agoOpioid exposure and withdrawal activate distinct brain cell groups, with morphine and withdrawal triggering largely separate brain cell ensembles, even within the same brain region.
7432h agoChronic buprenorphine treatment decreases the increase in heroin seeking that occurs over time during abstinence, and this effect is associated with reduced activity in certain areas of the brain's cortex and striatum.
7432h agoThe hippocampus primarily stores and retrieves episodic memories, and spatial representations emerge as a result of this memory function.
7432h agoSleep and dreaming improve performance in individuals with stressful, prey-like situations, with slow wave activity and game-related dream content enhancing post-sleep performance in prey role players.
7432h agoLRIT3's LRR and IG domains are crucial for its function in the retina, with LRR domain playing a key role in differential function at rod and cone synapses.
7432h agoA novel self-supervised learning framework models healthy EEG transitions between ocular states and provides a transparent methodology for discovering EEG biomarkers, but it struggles to predict cognitive pathology.
7432h agoPELICAN, an open-source image processing pipeline, accurately processes MRIs of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, even those with substantial brain atrophy and white matter lesions.
7436h agoPEDF peptides rectify abnormalities in neuronal morphology and activity in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting they may serve as a potential treatment for conditions like ASD.
7436h agoA new deep learning framework called PI-FC extracts stable individual brain signatures from functional MRI scans, enabling accurate predictions of neuropsychiatric conditions and other traits with reduced scanning time.
7436h agoCerebello-hippocampal interactions differ between sexes in young adults, with females having greater connectivity than males between certain brain regions, and show specific patterns of functional connectivity that relate to brain structure but not to cognitive performance.
7436h agoQuercetin had no effect on reducing the intensity of neurofibrillary tangles in fruit flies with Alzheimer's disease.
7440h agoBAG3 helps regulate astrocyte functions, including autophagy, lysosome activity, and protein degradation, and its loss impairs the clearance of amyloid-beta, a key process in Alzheimer's disease.
7440h agoNeuropeptide Y directly contacts and forms synapses with corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala, potentially influencing stress responses and related disorders.
7448h agoAnxious individuals have stronger self-blaming emotions and associated behaviors, linked to enhanced guilt-related neural activity and connectivity in the superior anterior temporal lobe.
7456h agoThe brain uses a vectorial semantic code that blends shared and unique information to resolve the dilemma of linking words to a speaker while retaining their general meanings.
7456h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex encodes the subjective values of different goods and reflects risk attitude during economic choices, even when multiple options are available.
7460h agoVisual perception declines with eccentricity due to decreased gain and nonlinearity and increased internal noise, and it also varies with polar angle due to changes in gain.
7460h agoGrid cells in the brain construct a representation of space that helps to distinguish and separate similar inputs, acting like a pattern separation device to reduce interference and enhance memory.
7460h agoPrenatal exposure to multiple substances leads to complex effects on infant development, including drug-specific outcomes, synergistic and antagonistic effects, and individual differences in resilience.
7460h agoLack of dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) contributes to changes in the brain's nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) that are involved in cocaine-seeking behavior.
7460h agoThe reversal potential and conductance amplitude of a synapse jointly regulate the postsynaptic neuron's activity, and machine learning can perfectly classify feedforward and feedback microcircuit motifs as excitatory, but struggles to do so for inhibitory or diminished excitation/inhibition cases.
7460h agoChildren with self-limited epilepsy syndrome with centrotemporal spikes have elevated thalamic blood flow compared to controls, and different antiseizure medications produce distinct effects on thalamic blood flow.
7464h agoArtificial intelligence and machine learning models operating on MRI data accurately diagnose epilepsy, lateralize temporal lobe epilepsy, localize lesions, and predict post-surgical outcomes, but are highly susceptible to bias.
7464h agoThe type of training curriculum used affects how well people and artificial neural networks generalize visual perceptual learning to new conditions.
7464h agoGaze shifts during soccer scanning are primarily driven by eye movements, not head movements, with eye and head movements showing a strategy-dependent allocation of effort.
7464h agoTau oligomers cause synapses to deteriorate through a series of events involving the downregulation of essential proteins, impaired synaptic plasticity, and ultimately, the loss of synaptic function and structure.
7464h agoExtended cessation meditation reduces alpha power and increases neural complexity, distinct from other states that induce loss of consciousness.
7464h agoDifferent cortical areas in the brain are wired to sustain input over varying time windows through distinct network dynamics.
7468h agoCortical tension acts as a mechanical barrier that prevents premature neuronal differentiation by coupling external differentiation signals with internal cell changes.
7468h agoThe hippocampus uses specific neural connections to store and replay memories, and adjusting these connections helps the brain recall diverse memories without forgetting old ones.
7468h agoSchizotypal traits are linked to multiple psychosocial risk factors, including depression, adverse childhood experiences, and dissociation, and have distinct neural correlates during discourse planning and production.
7468h agoInfants as young as a few days old use speakers' unique voices to form distinct memories of words, helping them to recognize and recall familiar words even when faced with interfering sounds.
7476h agoNeurons in the brain are coupled to their local neighborhood to varying degrees, with some neurons showing strong alignment with cortical state fluctuations and others showing weak alignment, and attention affects this coupling strength.
7476h agoThe human brain has areas that respond specifically to chimpanzee vocalizations, and to a lesser extent to macaque vocalizations, but not to bonobo or human vocalizations.
7476h agoMismatch neural responses in sensory cortex occur when a new spatial pattern is introduced, not when a temporal pattern is changed.
7476h agoThe robotic footwear elicits weight-bearing adaptations in gait by shifting the vertical ground reaction force, pushoff peak, and braking force towards the unperturbed limb after a foot-ground compliance perturbation.
7476h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves fluid cognition, including working memory and processing speed, and changes attention deployment during high-demand challenges.
7476h agoThe seeding of alpha-synuclein drives Lewy pathology propagation in Parkinson's disease by generating toxic aggregation intermediates through a process called secondary nucleation, which links seeding to pathology and correlates with disease progression.
7476h agoMacaque monkeys can recognize themselves from a third-person perspective after training, and this ability develops in a similar stepwise way in human infants.
7476h agoMultichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation achieves focality comparable to single-channel TMS, even without repositioning the coil, and performs similarly or better for deeper cortical targets.
7476h agoAuditory input alters the pupil light reflex in both autistic and non-autistic children, and autistic children show different dynamic pupil responses across sensory conditions.
7476h agoA 3D Brain-Chip system, incorporating multiple brain cell types from human stem cells, models the brain's blood-brain barrier and allows for assessment of brain function and disease, and screening of therapeutics.
7476h agoCancer nerves interact in a feed-forward loop that increases pain and tumor growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
7476h agoChanges in the olfactory system drive preference shifts in insects, and functional remodeling in four olfactory receptor neurons enables rapid sensory adaptation and niche transition in the pest Drosophila suzukii.
7480h agoIntellectual disability disrupts normal behavioral strategies for duration discrimination, leading to impulsivity and divergent responses, whereas typical intelligence models show convergent responses and inhibition.
7480h agoPsychedelics reconfigure brain dynamics to promote more deliberate and sensory-driven decision making by relaxing top-down influences and increasing the impact of sensory information on perception and behavior.
7480h agoThe brain's state before stimulation determines how it responds to localized electrical stimulation, with specific pre-stimulus activity patterns consistently predicting post-stimulus responses.
7480h agoMobile eye-tracking glasses reliably capture listening effort in challenging listening conditions, as shown by similar changes in gaze dispersion, pupil size, and head movements as a stationary system.
7480h agoA brain-enriched ecDNA, ecCldn34d, regulates the expression of genes related to brain adaptability and is associated with the stability of fear memories.
7480h agoCircular RNAs in the brain can be translated into micropeptides, including one called P1, which plays a role in synaptic activity and memory.
7480h agoElevated phase-amplitude coupling before treatment predicts poor response to treatment in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, and a decrease in this coupling after treatment is associated with a positive treatment response.
7480h agoThe perception of gravity is biased when measured in darkness while an observer is roll-tilted, with an attractive bias occurring at large tilts and a repulsive bias at small tilts, both of which can be explained by a Bayesian model.
7480h agoLow-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces brain injury in a neonatal model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by regulating abnormal synaptic transmission.
7480h agoThe FINE deep learning model captures multi-scale temporal and frequency-specific patterns in brain connectivity to identify potential biomarkers and understand disease mechanisms of Alzheimer's.
7480h agoAdvanced deep neural networks provide the most accurate models of brain activity when predicting how people transform sensory input into actions in complex environments.
7480h agoReproductive experience remodels the hippocampal cellular structure through specific molecular programs that are independent of age and region, affecting certain cell populations such as CA3 pyramidal neurons, SST interneurons, and astrocytes.
7480h agoNaltrexone changes brain activity differently in people with opioid use disorder who also have cannabis, alcohol, or cocaine use disorders, suggesting it may work as a treatment for cannabis use disorder.
7480h agoThe retina predicts future stimuli by optimizing the amount of predictive information in its response, with the timescale of prediction changing as the statistics of the input stimulus change.
7480h agoHigher body mass index in early childhood is linked to changes in brain structure in areas related to reward and salience processing.
7480h agoLight stimuli change the volume of the subretinal space, and this change depends on the rate of water clearance, indicating the health of the water transport system in the retina.
7480h agoECS shrinkage, not breakdown of local tissue oxygenation, plays a leading role in spreading depolarization initiation during the transition from seizure to spreading depolarization.
7480h agoExcessive mind-wandering is more frequent in adults with ADHD and linked to more severe symptoms, and it negatively impacts performance and neural activity, particularly affecting performance monitoring in ADHD patients.
7480h agoAzithromycin and erythropoietin offer the best combination of safety and effectiveness in protecting the brains of newborn rats from damage caused by hypoxia-ischemia.
7480h agoThe entorhinal cortex shows a tentorial notch, which correlates with surrounding tissue injury, in 96% of postmortem samples, with more severe notches linked to greater tissue damage.
7480h agoEach region of the default mode network has a unique hemodynamic response function, which differs from the positive BOLD signal and from other regions in the network.
7480h agoDegenerative cervical myelopathy disrupts normal spinal cord function, with distinct patterns of altered motor and sub-motor activation in response to median nerve stimulation compared to healthy controls.
7480h agoTranscranial alternating current stimulation disrupts and modulates abnormal brain oscillations in Parkinson's Disease by changing neural firing patterns, and works best when its frequency matches the natural oscillation frequency.
7480h agoRetinal motion during pursuit eye movements serves a visual function by compressing information and equalizing luminance modulations, which contributes to perceptual judgments.
7480h agoMicroglia adapt to phagocytosis by changing their metabolism, which helps them sustain their functionality and promote tissue regeneration, rather than simply disposing of debris.
7480h agoGPT-4 can accurately predict human emotions and model associated neural responses, making it a useful tool for emotion research and neuroscience.
7480h agoThe LSO and MSO nuclei encode sound localization cues differently, with LSO neurons responding mainly to interaural level differences and MSO neurons responding mainly to interaural time differences, and their responses vary by sound frequency.
7480h agoOptimizing contextual semantic embeddings for individual brain voxels improves their ability to predict brain activity during reading.
7480h agoThe locus coeruleus plays a critical role in memory consolidation by modulating interactions with the hippocampus in a state-dependent manner.
7480h agoStearoyl-CoA desaturase1 is crucial for myelination during CNS development, and its absence in oligodendroglial cells leads to a delay in myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation.
7488h agoThe ultrastructure of the uncinate fasciculus in the human brain has a mean axon diameter of 0.93 m and mean myelin thickness of 0.48 m.
7488h agoHumans select standing postures that minimize energy expenditure, with the lowest energy cost found at a slight anterior orientation, and adjust their posture to optimize energy efficiency when preparing for movement.
7488h agoThe submedius thalamus plays a key role in modulating maternal behavior through its connections with the orbitofrontal cortex.
7492h agoSomatosensory circuits develop through multiple phases of refinement, with experience-dependent critical periods shaping sensorimotor behaviors at different life stages, resulting in lasting effects on adult behavior.
7492h agoA semi-automatic pipeline within Brainstorm software accurately localizes and labels sEEG contacts, improving the identification of the seizure onset zone and optimizing resective surgery for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
7492h agoConscious priming has opposite effects on identity and category recognition, facilitating identity recognition but impairing category recognition, while unconscious priming has no such effects.
7492h agoThe brain does not pre-activate a sensory template of a predictable stimulus before it appears, according to a reanalysis of data from a study on auditory predictions.
7492h agoContext shapes the activity of neurons in the striatal circuits to guide actions, and shared neurons can encode different initiation contexts to support flexible movement execution.
7496h agoThe organization of the mammalian brain's neural connections follows a specific pattern that is related to the geometry of the brain.
7496h agoHuman cortical astrocytes have unique subtypes and are more structurally complex than rodent astrocytes, and these features are partially replicated in cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
7496h agoDopamine neurons compute temporal differences in learning by receiving inputs from D1 neurons in the nucleus accumbens through a hardwired circuit that effectively calculates errors in reward predictions.
7496h agoMethylphenidate decreases impulsivity by modulating reward-evoked beta oscillations in cortico-striatal networks, specifically by reducing beta power for small, immediate rewards and increasing it for large, delayed rewards.
7496h agoA personalized neurofeedback system using EEG can help maximize an individual's urge to move to music by generating playlists tailored to their unique groove experience.
7496h agoFunctional brain reorganization reflects variability in attentional states, with common patterns of neural activity and functional interactions underlying sustained attention across different tasks and contexts.
7496h agoHigh spatial frequency and low spatial frequency channels in the visual system interact mainly when the phases of the frequencies are aligned, and this alignment enhances perceptual efficiency when processing natural scenes.
7496h agoBetter learners show a stronger bias toward more frequently rewarded options, even if less valuable, suggesting this bias may be an adaptive strategy under uncertain conditions.
7496h agoSensorimotor control is dictated by the interaction of neural populations, optimal feedback mechanisms, and body biomechanics.
7500h agoThe Causal Attitude Network model and the Attitude Entropy framework make claims that are not supported by evidence, questioning the psychological network modeling efforts of attitudes.
7500h agoThe Mouse vs. AI: Robust Foraging Competition tests whether artificial intelligence agents can generalize to new visual conditions as well as mice do when searching for a target in a virtual environment.
7500h agoLanguage models reveal how humans structure conceptual knowledge by mapping words to mental concepts, and a new framework called VECTOR uses this information to predict human behavior and communication patterns.
7500h agoSimpler music models that focus on specific features match human perception better than complex models, and musical networks are structured to guide attention towards uncertain but inferable transitions.
7500h agoCareful data transformation helps machine learning models generalize better by removing less relevant information and isolating more predictive signals.
7500h agoA new loss function, called Minimal Energy Deformation (MED), improves the consistency and reproducibility of cortical surface reconstruction from MRI scans without reducing accuracy.
7500h agoExternal electric fields influence the behavior of thermosensitive neuronal networks, with the frequency of the field and cell size affecting synchronization and leading to complex behaviors such as coherent, incoherent, and chimera states.
7500h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the formation of chunk representations in working memory by allowing a specialized population of neurons to selectively control groups of stimulus-responsive neurons.
7500h agoA new graph-diffusion network model simulates cortical maturation while preserving subject-specific cortical morphology, enabling the identification of subtle deviations from normal brain development patterns.
7500h agoA numerical framework using Radial Basis Function interpolation and quadrature solves neural field equations on surfaces with high-order accuracy and flexibility.
7500h agoThe Euler-Bernoulli beam problem is extended to a setting with a matrix-valued density in a Clifford algebra, revealing a link to a multi-component Camassa-Holm equation and showing that peakon waves can engage in long-range energy exchange.
7500h agoHigher-order interactions create different resonance landscapes in stochastic resonance, enabling new noise-enhanced processing mechanisms in complex networks.
7500h agoExternal electric fields influence the behavior of thermosensitive neuronal networks, with the frequency of the field and cell size affecting synchronization and leading to complex behaviors such as coherent, incoherent, and chimera states.
7500h agoA simple model explains how complex systems, such as genomes, ecosystems, and cities, grow in function diversity through adding new functions and expanding existing ones.
7500h agoGeneralized geodesic equations in curved spacetime include conservative forces, dissipative effects, and quantum-gravity corrections, implying possible violations of the equivalence principle.
7500h agoThe conservation law in a system of two coupled Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov equations enforces synchronization of travelling waves and determines their minimal possible velocity.
7500h agoLower energy collisions with more massive atoms form atom-ion complexes, which evolve in a fractal structure showing chaotic dynamics when a low-density atomic bath is merged with a trapped ion.
7500h agoLocalized optomechanical microcavities in an electrostatic MEMS architecture generate optomechanical soliton frequency combs through phonon lasing without electrical excitation.
7500h agoMatrices with rational entries have a Lie-Poisson structure defined by an r-matrix, which can now be extended to Riemann surfaces of any genus.
7500h agoThis work studies the properties of Temporally Non-Uniform Cellular Automata (t-NUCAs), which use two rules in a sequence during their evolution, including surjectivity, injectivity, reversibility, and cyclic behavior.
7500h agoA numerical framework using Radial Basis Function interpolation and quadrature solves neural field equations on surfaces with high-order accuracy and flexibility.
7500h agoA many-body localized phase in a non-Hermitian quasiperiodic model of hardcore bosons first delocalizes and then localizes again as the driving period increases, resulting in a re-entrant many-body localization transition.
7500h agoQuantum mechanics enables light-matter setups to hold excitations without releasing them as light through destructive interference processes. Or a rewritten version in an even simpler form: Excitations can be held in light-matter setups without being released as light.
7500h agoLocal measurements can generate volume-law entangled states between different parts of a system purely through non-unitary measurement dynamics.
7500h agoRigidity in amorphous systems is maintained by disordered force networks that generate internal prestress, and the mechanical response of these systems can be described by a dielectric-like response that captures stress correlations and the response to external forces.
7500h agoCareful data transformation helps machine learning models generalize better by removing less relevant information and isolating more predictive signals.
7500h agoDecoded Quantum Interferometry has no quantum advantage in optimizing unstructured MAX-$k$-XOR-SAT instances because it is obstructed by the overlap gap property, a topological feature that also characterizes the performance of state-of-the-art classical algorithms.
7500h agoShort-term synaptic plasticity enables the formation of chunk representations in working memory by allowing a specialized population of neurons to selectively control groups of stimulus-responsive neurons.
7500h agoNi-Au alloys have high thermopower due to resonant scattering and a flat band below the Fermi level, which results in a power factor exceeding that of conventional semiconductor thermoelectrics.
7500h agoDefect formation in quantum annealing of a random transverse-field Ising chain happens through the aggregation of strongly coupled spin clusters, with the defect density decreasing with annealing time as $n(\tau)\sim \ln^{-2}\left(\frac{\tau}{\ln^2\tau}\right)$.
7500h agoLoss of nuclear TDP-43 leads to the inclusion of a cryptic exon in the G3BP1 gene, disrupting stress granule dynamics and causing selective neuronal vulnerability in ALS and FTD.
7500h agoOlfactory bulb needle insertion reliably induces cortical spreading depolarization in rodents without injuring the cortex.
7504h agoVisual occurrence statistics and semantic relations between objects and scenes jointly shape the composition of typical scene drawings.
7512h agoTemporal integration in the human auditory cortex is locked to absolute time, not to the duration of speech structures like phonemes or words.
7516h agoThe putamen's leftward volume asymmetry predicts the degree of leftward attentional bias, a phenomenon called pseudoneglect, in healthy individuals.
7520h agoThe region in the inferotemporal cortex involved in reading connects visual input to a language network, allowing people to derive meaning from written words.
7520h agoThe representation geometry of a system, whether it's the human brain or an artificial neural network, depends on its computational objective and is not a universal property.
7524h agoA new framework called complex-valued phase synchrony (CVPS) estimates phase with an adaptive Gabor wavelet and preserves directionality, allowing it to track interactions in complex systems such as the brain.
7524h agoRest2Visual, a new model, predicts brain activity in response to visual stimuli from resting-state brain scans, enabling task-free and individualized functional brain modeling.
7524h agoTwo single-channel hdrEEG biomarkers, ST4 and T2, serve as personalized indices of stress regulation, reflecting physiological arousal and emotional-regulatory sensitivity.
7524h agoThe timescale of plasticity modulation determines how inputs are represented in neural activities, shaping the computational properties of neural circuits.
7524h agoA complete analytical framework with automated parameter selection enables straightforward implementation of multi-source neural activity indices and spatial filters for accurate EEG/MEG source localization.
7524h agoA text-to-image diffusion model generates photorealistic images with gradual transitions within categories, allowing for the creation of customizable stimulus sets with ordered perceptual variations.
7524h agoLanguage processing dynamically influences the activity of the human ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC), and vision-language models like CLIP better capture this activity than other models, with disrupted communication between visual and language systems affecting model-brain correspondence.
7524h agoA novel co-simulation approach unifies micro- and macro-scales to capture brain dynamics, finding that the thalamus exhibits large, fluctuating spiking activity driven more by neural variability than external noise in Parkinson's disease simulations.
7524h agoEmergent properties arise when numerous interacting parts create new characteristics that individual parts do not have.
7524h agoA modified version of the HAVOK algorithm, called mHAVOK, extends the original algorithm to handle multiple input time series and accurately reconstructs system dynamics by separating linear and nonlinear terms.
7524h agoTime-dependent modulations of drift wave amplitudes affect particle transport and chaos in a magnetized plasma, with a strong negative correlation found between the system's average chaoticity and its transport efficiency.
7524h agoNonlinear systems with flat bands exhibit in-band supratransmission, enabling energy transfer for waves with frequencies within a flat or nearly flat linear band.
7524h agoWDVV equations can be interpreted as a set of linear line congruences in suitable Plucker embeddings, and can be represented as Hamiltonian systems of conservation laws.
7524h agoA two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with spin-orbit coupling exhibits cyclic soliton motion with a distinct drift under a weak rotational external field, caused by a Lorentz force induced by a virtual magnetic monopole field.
7524h agoRing ferrodark solitons in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate exhibit self-sustained oscillations in their radius, accompanied by nematic tensor breathing at the core, and their motion follows an equation analogous to the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.
7524h agoScientists create a mathematical representation of 3D magnetization textures using simple quaternionic functions, which can help model high-density spintronic applications.
7524h agoA dipolar molecular rotor can rotate continuously on a graphene sheet when driven by an external electric field, with a rotation period of 2.96 ps when an alternating rectangular electric field of 0.5 V/Å is applied.
7524h agoIntegrable spin Calogero-Moser type systems with non-symmetric configurations of potential singularities are generalised using the representation theory of Cherednik algebras.
7524h agoThe stationary reduction method based on nonisospectral deformation of orthogonal polynomials derives discrete Painlev\'{e}-type equations and integrable difference systems with particular solutions and Lax pairs.
7524h agoThe cascade of bifurcations type trajectories in a fractional dynamical system are associated with weakly chaotic dynamics, characterized by lower Hurst exponent and recurrence time entropy values.
7524h agoAttractive potential wells in a triangular lattice produce a range of diffusive behaviors, including quasiballistic transport, which differs qualitatively and quantitatively from repulsive soft Lorentz gases.
7524h agoAdaptive network dynamical systems evolve on a low-dimensional subset of possible connectivity under constraints on network adaptation.
7524h agoThe q-characters of simple finite-dimensional modules over quantum affine algebras have an extremal monomial property under the braid group action.
7524h agoA simple model shows that self-propelled droplets emerge from the interplay between reacting surfactants, the Marangoni effect, and wetting dynamics, resulting in various motility modes including directional motion, crawling, and random walks.
7524h agoCertain non-uniform magnetic fields lead to a spectrum consisting of Landau levels, as found by considering isospectral deformations of a uniform magnetic field.
7524h agoNon-Hermitian perturbations transform point-like Dirac monopoles into extended monopole distributions with distinct charge configurations.
7524h agoStealthy disorder in the Anderson model allows for effective delocalization of electrons in one-dimensional systems, where the localization length exceeds the system size for a range of stealthiness values.
7524h agoThe leading eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a specific random graph model are of order square root of n, alternate in sign, and are located on a logarithmic spiral in the complex plane.
7524h agoDisorder in isolated quantum systems generates a narrow band of thermal eigenstates within an otherwise non-thermal spectrum, leading to a coexistence of thermal and non-thermal dynamics.
7524h agoQAOA parameter transfer from small problems to large problems provides generally improving solution quality as the QAOA depth increases, often converging close to the true ground-state energy.
7524h agoEshelby-like quadrupolar structures can be precisely identified and localized using a topological invariant known as the continuous Burgers vector, enabling the characterization of plastic instabilities in amorphous solids.
7524h agoTwo papers published in 1975 by Edwards and Anderson and by Sherrington and Kirkpatrick sparked major new directions in several fields of science with their work on spin glasses.
7524h agoA transformer-based model called ViV1T accurately predicts neuronal responses in mouse primary visual cortex to dynamic visual stimuli, capturing core properties and revealing new insights into sensory processing.
7524h agoAging impairs network-level synchrony and temporal coordination in specific frequency bands and regions of the brain, while preserving single-neuron function.
7524h agoNovel monoclonal antibodies targeting the huntingtin C-terminal domain were generated, allowing for reliable detection of huntingtin independently of polyglutamine length.
7524h agoThe D-type K+ current (ID) shapes the intrinsic properties of MesV neurons and the dynamics of electrical synaptic transmission, enhancing precision and reducing gain in coincidence detection.
7524h agoEngineered linker proteins, delivered through adeno-associated virus, restore laminin receptor binding and polymerization, enabling reassembly of a functional basement membrane and improving muscle histology and function in a severe LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy mouse model.
7524h agoA complete analytical framework with automated parameter selection enables accurate EEG/MEG source localization using multi-source spatial filtering, overcoming issues with source cancellation and limited adoption.
7524h agoCannflavin B, a non-psychoactive component of the Cannabis sativa plant, normalizes behavioural and neuronal system function alterations in a rat model of autism.
7528h agoHuman sleep follows recurring cycles of 8-60 days and is also affected by external factors such as season, weather, weekends, and holidays.
7528h agoDecreased cortical cholinergic innervation during focal seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy comes from direct inhibition and indirect de-excitation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
7528h agoHunger-related signaling and social behavior are linked in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) region of the brain, but melanocortin4 receptor (MC4R) in the PAG does not directly play a major role in modulating social behavior in rodents.
7528h agoPIKfyve regulates lysosomal function, phagocytosis, autophagy, and metabolism, and is essential for photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial cell health.
7528h agoKAT5 nuclear signaling plays a pivotal role in neuronal homeostasis and immune regulation, and its dysfunction contributes to Alzheimer disease.
7528h agoAdolescent exposure to a cannabis-like substance leads to lasting changes in brain wave patterns in adulthood, especially when exposure occurs during early adolescence.
7528h agoLocal excitatory CCK neurons in the hippocampus regulate hippocampal function by modulating neuronal activity and neuroplasticity, supporting hippocampal-dependent tasks.
7528h agoSleep deprivation impairs long-term memory by disrupting the regulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain activity through the downregulation of the long non-coding RNA Cerox1.
7528h agoOur perception of time is influenced by prior experience, which shapes internal expectations that affect the way we perceive current events.
7528h agoA new model estimates human lifespan based on neural signals, predicting mean lifetimes of 76.9 years for healthy adults and 69.7 years for epileptic patients.
7528h agoThe flash-lag effect, a perceptual misalignment of a moving object and a flashed static stimulus, is caused by anticipation generated by neural activity in visual cortical retinotopical maps, and is strongly affected by the direction of motion and features of these maps.
7528h agoBig tau, a longer tau isoform, is mainly found in the peripheral nervous system, making up about 50% of total tau in peripheral nerves, and its levels in cerebrospinal fluid do not change with Alzheimer's disease.
7528h agoRecurrent neural networks use either integration or oscillations to represent elapsed time, and their structured connectivity enables diverse solutions to temporal computation problems.
7528h agoPsilocybin produces a sustained pain-relieving effect in mice with chronic neuropathic pain, and also boosts the pain-relieving power of gabapentin.
7528h agoFUS-BBB modulation changes microglial morphology and reduces their contacts with synapses, while maintaining their surveillance activity, with shifts in shape and digestive activity observed at 1 and 24 hours after treatment.
7528h agoPEDOT:PSS modified with deep eutectic solvents improves neural interface performance by enabling thicker, softer coatings with lower impedance and higher charge injection capacity, leading to enhanced neural recording and stimulation capabilities.
7528h agoBrain scans show that individual differences in personality traits are linked to how structural and functional brain networks interact, especially during tasks related to those traits.
7528h agoOpenfUS Analyzer (OfUSA) helps researchers quickly analyze and interpret functional ultrasound (fUS) data to study large-scale brain dynamics, providing a standardized and reproducible solution for preclinical and translational research.
7528h agoMelanin-concentrating-hormone and Lhx6 neurons are mainly active during paradoxical sleep rebound, while Orexin neurons are active during both wakefulness and paradoxical sleep rebound.
7528h agoThe brain processes action perception through a posterior-to-anterior gradient, separating perceptual features from conceptual representations, and distinct pathways encode different aspects of actions, such as the target of the action.
7528h agoA polyethylene glycol-chitosan conjugate sealant promotes functional and morphological recovery in pigs with complete spinal cord transection, allowing treated animals to regain sensation, posture, and ambulation.
7528h agoDeprioritization of working memory items involves active neural mechanisms that are distinct from processing irrelevant information, and are supported by low-beta oscillatory dynamics in the parietal cortex.
7528h agoCombining patch-clamp electrophysiology with single-cell proteomics provides a powerful approach to link neuronal physiology with protein composition, and a new framework helps interpret the results by considering the quality of neuron retrieval.
7528h agoChildren who played a video game in virtual reality or on a tablet showed improvements in attention and academic abilities after 30 training sessions.
7528h agoSocial observation increases error-related negativity and decreases correct-related negativity over short periods of time, but not over longer periods of time.
7528h agoPrefrontal cortical high-frequency ripple chains in REM sleep help regulate the reactivation of recently acquired spatial memory in hippocampal-cortical circuits.
7528h agoPrion strain-specific differences in seeding activity emerge at pre-clinical stages, and distinct compensatory responses occur, including metabolic reprogramming and calcium signaling disturbances, allowing for sensitive detection of pre-clinical changes and potential biomarkers for early diagnosis.
7528h agoTDP-43 regulates microglial function through triglyceride metabolism, leading to changes in phagocytic activity, inflammation, and lipid storage in microglia.
7528h agoThe piRNA pathway, through AUB, functions at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction to repress transposable elements, including Copia, ensuring proper neuromuscular development and function.
7528h agoHyperexcitability of ventral hippocampal CA1/subiculum neurons causes social memory failure and anxiety-related behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy, and reducing this excitability restores normal behavior.
7532h agoA balance between TrkB and p75NTR in AgRP neurons controls the relationship between circuit structure and feeding behavior in response to changes in caloric intake.
7532h agoStatistical learning drives distractor suppression through a process that involves temporal state transitions, where attentional control shifts from distractor dominance to proactive suppression, and this process is influenced by spatial probability and threat signals.
7532h agoAstrocytes in the brain's reward region show immune activation and changes in gene expression during alcohol dependence, with distinct responses to alcohol drinking and dependence.
7532h agoOptimising exercise difficulty to an individual's ability improves performance and related motor skills in older adults, and enhances transfer of skills to similar tasks.
7532h agoCompensatory mechanisms that increase dopamine signaling are active in the substantia nigra, not the striatum, during progressive neuron loss in Parkinson's disease.
7532h agoThe locus coeruleus's signal changes with age, showing clear shifts during adolescence, and can be accurately imaged using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI and T2-weighted images.
7532h agoDirect alignment of FDG-PET images to a standard template works as well as conventional methods that use anatomical scans, and can help reduce bias in studies of challenging patient populations.
7532h agoPretrained vision-language models can classify neuronal cell types from electrophysiological features without task-specific fine-tuning, enabling robust and generalizable subtype inference with minimal supervision.
7532h agoA set of three R packages has been developed to facilitate the shared development and validation of computational algorithms for identifying the seizure onset zone in epilepsy, enabling more accurate surgical interventions.
7536h agoPeople who had a mild traumatic brain injury have different changes in microRNA expression in their saliva during total sleep deprivation compared to those without the injury.
7536h agoTraumatic brain injury drives sex-dependent worsening of amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation, and gut microbial changes in mice, and fecal microbiota transplantation only partially restores these changes.
7536h agoEngineers developed a system to rapidly test opsins, used it to screen over 1,750 opsins, and discovered a mutated opsin called WAChR that can be activated by low levels of light, making it useful for neuroscience research and vision restoration therapies.
7536h agoTau aggregates are present in a small fraction of synaptosomes from control brains and increase with Alzheimer's disease progression, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and microglia-driven synaptic loss.
7536h agoChronic opioid exposure reprograms the cargo of brain-derived extracellular vesicles, which in turn alters neuronal gene expression and contributes to neuroadaptations associated with addiction.
7536h agoAlpha-synuclein aggregates slowly in the brain, leading to the formation of larger aggregates in a subset of cells, with larger aggregates detected in older mice and Parkinson's disease brain.
7536h agoCerebellar output triggers whisker movement through pre-motor nuclei, which modulate different aspects of whisking, resulting in varied movement patterns depending on the stimulated nucleus.
7536h agoTRPV1 channels play a key role in infrared neural stimulation-evoked cortical activity, with their activation leading to increased or suppressed firing of neurons in the somatosensory cortex.
7536h agoNeural oscillations in response to real-world scenes are complex and have distinct waveform shapes that are consistent within individuals and can be used to accurately decode the scenes.
7536h agoCNS-tau-specific antibodies distinguish and measure tau protein in the brain and blood, correlating with cognitive scores and differentiating impaired from unimpaired individuals across Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies.
7536h agoSimultaneous recording of auditory brainstem response and middle latency response allows for comprehensive assessment of auditory function, identifying key waves ABR wave V and MLR waves Na and Pa consistently across different frequencies and rates.
7536h agoThe brain's neural flexibility determines its potential to generate creative solutions, and a specific network of frontal-temporal interactions in the beta frequency band can predict creative performance across different tasks.
7536h agoEndothelial IFN1 signaling helps to stabilize blood vessels and reduce damage after a stroke by promoting a strong blood-brain barrier and suppressing abnormal vessel growth.
7536h agoIndividual electrical synapses are formed by combining different gap junction channel types, made of multiple proteins, which work together to regulate neural connections and behaviors.
7536h agoThe orbitofrontal cortex creates a stable spatial map that preserves the relationships and distances between navigational targets, allowing for flexible navigation across different environments.
7536h agoEarly-life adversity effects on mental health are moderated by specific brain features that either protect or make individuals more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders.
7536h agoLess involvement of sensorimotor processing regions during number processing is associated with better math skills in adults.
7536h agoAβ and tau interact with microtubules, and Aβ displaces tau, leading to microtubule dysfunction, tau phosphorylation and aggregation, and potentially causing Alzheimer's disease.
7536h agoThe right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) plays a role in teaching abilities by helping to evaluate belief formation processes.
7536h agoIon channel diversity in neurons promotes the robustness of their specific functions by increasing the variance in membrane properties, allowing neurons to maintain their functions despite internal and external perturbations.
7536h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex's connections from other brain regions change and mature from birth to adulthood, shifting from a widespread to a precisely tuned organization.
7536h agoReduced Scn2a expression disrupts gene expression in multiple neuronal subtypes, affecting neurotransmitter activity regulation and synapse organization.
7536h agoThe precise temporal structure of spatial representations in the hippocampus during locomotion is crucial for learning.
7536h agoMicroglia can have different activation states, and a new imaging and analysis framework can map these states at single-cell resolution, providing a nuanced view of microglial heterogeneity.
7536h agoScientists map synaptic connections in the mouse visual cortex using a combination of two-photon optogenetics, electrical recordings, and sparse signal reconstruction.
7540h agoA new computational system maps synaptic connectivity at high speed using two-photon holographic optogenetics and intracellular recordings.
7540h agoNeuromorphic engineering may hold the keys to more efficient inference with transformer-like models.
7544h agoLarger language models' self-attention better predicts readers' eye movements and brain responses in language areas, and instruction tuning has no added benefit.
7544h agoGenerative AI aligns with generative linguistics as neural language models are formal generative models, and generative linguistics provides a framework for evaluating and improving them.
7544h agoA new method combining deep learning and Dynamic Input Conductances links spike timing in neurons to the composition of ion channels controlling their activity.
7548h agoA framework integrating The Virtual Brain platform and the Collaborative Brain Wave Analysis Pipeline guides parameter tuning to produce a whole-brain model that exhibits biologically relevant features, including complex activity patterns and rhythms.
7548h agoMetalearning helps machines overcome classic challenges in artificial neural networks by providing incentives to improve specific skills and opportunities to practice those skills.
7548h agoPurple structures appear blue when surrounded by other purple structures, but appear purple when directly fixated.
7548h agoReservoir computing can reconstruct and predict complex dynamics because it exhibits generalized synchronization during learning, which is based on the theory of embedding and generalized synchronization.
7548h agoThe proposed algorithm combines Deep Learning with mathematical model-based selection strategies to reliably analyze short and noisy experimental time series data, producing highly accurate results in tests with ex-vivo frog heart experiment data.
7548h agoThe dynamical symmetry breaking associated with breather solutions in nonlinear hyperbolic evolution equations is studied using a high-precision numerical scheme, clarifying the relationship between velocity, mass, and amplitude of perturbation and the conditions for state transitions.
7548h agoThe four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory can realize integrable deformations of two-dimensional field theories through dynamical coordinate transformations.
7548h agoMean-motion resonances and their connections enable natural semi-major axis transport in the Earth-Moon system through ballistic pathways that achieve major orbit changes within reasonable times.
7548h agoThin clamped plates can transfer sound energy to higher frequencies using nonlinear effects, and their vibrational behavior changes with the amplitude and frequency of the sound wave, switching between harmonic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic regimes.
7548h agoQuantum systems can exhibit complex nonlinear behaviors like quasiperiodicity, strange nonchaotic dynamics, and chaos, similar to classical nonlinear systems.
7548h agoPhotonic accelerators use optical frequency differences to make decisions with less cost and memory.
7548h agoScientists construct quantum-integrable spin chains with long-range interactions by freezing integrable quantum many-body systems with spins, resulting in chains like the Heisenberg and Haldane-Shastry chains.
7548h agoThe delocalization-localization phase diagrams are obtained for a quasiperiodic system with modulations in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium steady states.
7548h agoA neural network directly maps input parameters to displacement fields to model moiré superlattice relaxation in twisted bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides with machine-level precision and speed.
7548h agoAutoregressive neural quantum states show transitions in their average entanglement scaling, entanglement spectra, and correlation functions, and their normalization function affects entanglement and fluctuations.
7548h agoThe effective diffusivity of a tracer molecule in sheared supercooled liquids increases linearly with the shear rate, not quadratically as predicted by the Taylor-Aris theory.
7548h agoSpatial transcriptomics reveals that mouse prefrontal cortex has a distinct organization with specific neuronal subtypes that regulate chronic pain.
7548h agoCarbonized rubber electrodes cause a non-zero voltage offset in brain stimulation studies, which can be problematic for concurrent EEG recordings.
7548h agoPerineuronal net changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not caused by problems within motor neurons, but may result from interactions with other cell types in the central nervous system.
7548h agoPhytocannabinoids that act on the CB1 receptor, specifically cannabinol and tetrahydrocannabivarin, reduce alcohol consumption in rats with a good safety profile.
7552h agoFocal hand dystonia patients have lower spatial acuity and more disordered digit maps in their dominant hand compared to healthy volunteers, and botulinum toxin treatment leads to more localized touch perception.
7552h agoDeleting C1q from microglia in young adulthood reduces cognitive decline, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease mouse models without worsening amyloid plaque buildup.
7556h agoKnocking down CRFR1 receptors in the posterior part of the lateral hypothalamus increases alcohol consumption in mice, while having no effect or opposite effects in the anterior part.
7556h agoHDAC9, a histone deacetylase, helps maintain cognitive and synaptic functions, and its deficiency or decreased expression contributes to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
7556h agoThe anterior lateral motor cortex helps mice make flexible choices by reconfiguring local circuits to match context and sensory input to the correct motor response.
7556h agoThe p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and its deletion leads to reduced neural stem cell proliferation and altered neuronal differentiation, which worsens under Alzheimer's disease conditions.
7556h agoThe superior colliculus plays a more important role than the primary visual cortex in guiding visual spatial detection in freely moving mice.
7556h agoNeurons with high mitochondrial activity activate the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response when stressed, and this response is linked to abundant mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts.
7556h agoFat-taste enhancers NKS-3 and NKS-5 reduce fat intake and body weight gain in obese mice by reorganizing the brain's reward system and regulating the oral-gut-brain axis.
7556h agoHigh-frequency deep brain stimulation of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus suppresses tremor activity by depressing synapses and recruiting inhibitory neurons that balance excitatory and inhibitory activity.
7556h agoThe brain uses compositional representations and shared low-dimensional manifolds to flexibly generate a diverse range of movements by combining learned computational primitives.
7556h agoAlphaherpesviruses establish lifelong latency in the central nervous system, particularly in mesiotemporal regions, and can reactivate, causing recurrent disease.
7556h agoBelief updating follows Bayesian principles, guiding perceptual decisions under uncertainty, with pupil dilations reflecting the process, and this process works similarly across different auditory domains.
7560h agoThe thalamus generates and maintains coherent population dynamics on its own, even without structured input from upstream areas.
7560h agoAdolescent stress increases oxycodone self-administration in rats, making them more prone to misuse prescription opioids.
7560h agoVesiclePy, a new pipeline, automatically segments, classifies, and analyzes vesicles in large-volume electron microscopy data, enabling the study of the full vesicle endowment across an entire neuronal morphology.
7560h agoThe cortisol awakening response helps people suppress recent emotional memories by boosting activity in brain areas that control memory and emotion.
7560h agoCompartmentalised inflammation in multiple sclerosis is characterised by B cell activity and antibody secretion, particularly in areas with tertiary lymphoid-like structures.
7560h agoAcetylcholine neurons that co-transmit GABA are mainly restricted to a small population in specific brain areas, and GABA co-transmission is not required to maintain regular acetylcholine neuron count in the brain.
7560h agoSpecialized striatal modules actively participate in extracting basic visual features from objects, and parallel visual information processing occurs in basal ganglia circuits.
7564h agoLocus coeruleus neurons release dopamine in a modality-dependent manner to regulate arousal, anxiety, and learning.
7564h agoRepetitive sensory stimulation fails to induce plasticity in the brains of mice with Fragile X syndrome, due to disrupted inhibitory control, altered neural structure, and rapid adaptation.
7564h agoNeurons in the globus pallidus and primary motor cortex encode ordinal position throughout a sequence of movements, rather than just initiating or terminating the sequence.
7564h agoBiophysical properties, morphological details, and ion channel distribution across the membrane all interact to contribute to the functionality and response variability of neurons of the same cell type.
7564h agoThe hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex help stabilize episodic memories in youth, and experiences in early life influence how these brain areas work together to affect long-term memory.
7564h agoThe efferent vestibular system acts as a multimodal processing center and integrator for the vestibular periphery, receiving inputs from distinct populations of brainstem and midbrain regions.
7564h agoThe hippocampus updates its representations of temporally extended sequences soon after new learning, integrating old and new information to enable flexible predictions about future events.
7564h agoThe brain uses a distributed code across the cortex, not just a localized area, to represent working memory load.
7564h agoThe zebrafish pallium receives and processes sensory information through a thalamocortical-like pathway, with sensory responses becoming increasingly complex and hierarchical along the posterior-anterior axis.
7564h agoAxon-carrying dendrite cells use a single-modal strategy to encode inputs from one assembly during learning, whereas non-axon-carrying dendrite cells use a multi-modal approach to encode inputs from distinct assemblies.
7564h agoPurkinje cells in the mouse cerebellar cortex receive increasingly specific parallel fiber inputs from birth to 2 weeks of age, guided by a sequence of early afferent activity and transient cellular structures.
7568h agoEhmt1 haploinsufficiency causes region- and cell-type specific changes in GABAergic interneuron populations throughout the brain, including increased VIP+ neuron density, decreased SST+ neuron density, and precocious maturation of PV+ interneurons.
7568h agoThe gut microbiome from schizophrenia patients causes insulin resistance and alters microbial metabolism in female mice, contributing to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
7568h agoBrain features are not used in clinics for diagnosis and prognosis because current methods comparing patient and healthy control data are unlikely to identify effective biomarkers.
7572h agoRecent scholarship reconceptualizes Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by identifying potential adaptive characteristics, including heightened energy and advanced cognitive flexibility, in addition to highlighting positive traits and successful coping strategies used by high functioning individuals with ADHD.
7572h agoEEG brain wave patterns can serve as reliable indicators of pain, with changes in beta-band waves in the brain differentiating between painful and non-painful sensations.
7572h agoA new framework called HiLWS helps curate and annotate videos of hand motor tasks from clinical and home settings, improving the accuracy of machine learning models in assessing motor symptoms in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
7572h agoA new method using discrete geometry analyzes dynamic changes in neural interactions during social exchanges by interpreting inter-brain connectivity changes through evolving geometric structures of neural networks.
7572h agoA machine learning framework reveals that consciousness arises from causal variables and their dynamics unfolding across multiple scales in the brain.
7572h agoPeople with worsening vision walk slower and use different gaze strategies, with fully sighted individuals having consistent patterns and fully blind individuals having the most adapted patterns, and visual acuity and rehabilitation experience influencing gaze use.
7572h agoSpontaneous self-organized criticality in neural systems maintains reliable information representation by restricting representational drift and enhancing low-dimensional representation.
7572h agoAn algorithm can infer emotional valence from EEG signals recorded in people experiencing stress in a virtual reality environment.
7572h agoThe geometric phase explains the relation between mean-return-time phase and stochastic asymptotic phase in stochastic oscillators, unifying distinct phase definitions and revealing how noise reshapes oscillatory behavior.
7572h agoPurple structures appear blue when surrounded by other purple structures, but appear purple when directly focused on.
7572h agoA new neuromuscular recording system captures muscle activity with over 100 channels and decodes it into patterns of spinal motoneuron activation, achieving perfect classification accuracy for 12 tasks and over 96% accuracy for up to 16 tasks.
7572h agoCritical brain activity helps mice perform visual tasks better, with brain activity showing a special pattern when they complete the task successfully.
7572h agoMetrics like linear Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA) and Procrustes distance best differentiate between trained and untrained models and align with behavioral measures when comparing high-dimensional neural data.
7572h agoMemory is stored as statistics that are repeatedly summarized and compressed to make room for new input, allowing us to accommodate unbounded sensory input within bounded memory.
7572h agoMulti-Region Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (MR-LFADS) accurately disentangles communication between brain regions, inputs from unobserved regions, and local neural population dynamics.
7572h agoA new framework defines the conditions for consciousness by combining information theory and moment-to-moment theory, allowing for a generalizable understanding of consciousness in both biological and artificial systems.
7572h agoArbor, a software library, enables efficient simulation of large-scale networks of biological neurons with detailed structures, supporting the study of synaptic plasticity's impact on network dynamics.
7572h agoA cavity approach unifies the analysis of three high-dimensional learning problems, revealing similarities in their underlying structure.
7572h agoSelf-organized resource allocation and policy synergy occur between different subpopulations using different learning policies, leading to optimized resource allocation through complex mechanisms.
7572h agoDeterministic coherence and anti-coherence resonance occur simultaneously in two coupled chaotic Lorenz oscillators when the coupling strength is varied.
7572h agoTurbulence has both deterministic and stochastic properties, explained by convective space-time chaos, where secondary perturbations grow and move away, leading to repeatable patterns and eventual domination by random components.
7572h agoBasin boundaries in equivariant dynamical systems often exhibit higher symmetry than the attractors they separate.
7572h agoA new r-matrix structure is defined on the moduli space of framed vector bundles on a Riemann surface of higher genus, generalizing known r-matrices on the Riemann sphere, cylinder, and torus.
7572h agoHamiltonian systems with mixed chaos develop regular behavior when coupled to a cold thermal bath, and this leads to the emergence of robust dynamical order.
7572h agoThe boundary separating regular and chaotic dynamics in a generalized map deforms systematically as the phase shift increases, and a machine learning model identifies this boundary across the parameter space.
7572h agoA machine learning method using two agents that mimic a predator and prey enables faster optimization on complex landscapes by having the predator guide the prey along narrow ravines, resulting in up to a hundred times faster learning.
7572h agoThe geometric phase explains the relation between mean-return-time phase and stochastic asymptotic phase in stochastic oscillators, unifying distinct phase definitions and revealing how noise reshapes oscillatory behavior.
7572h agoThe partition functions of 5d SYM theories with SU(2) gauge group and four flavours obey blowup relations that can be linked to the weights of a Lie algebra through Weyl group action.
7572h agoNew solutions to the decoration transformation are found using special functions, which help decorate Ising-like integrable lattice spin models.
7572h agoThe study derives an explicit formula for counting l-hypermaps, which generalizes a previous formula for ribbon graphs, and also generalizes a related theorem.
7572h agoThe updated keyword diagram of complex systems reveals differences and overlaps between public perception and actual usage of keywords in publications, and identifies four highly interconnected topical communities.
7572h agoEukaryotic cells use different patterns of filamentous actin and its regulators to perform various cell functions, including distinct motility modes, through a mass-conserved reaction-diffusion model involving Rho-GTPase and F-actin.
7572h agoThe elliptic direct linearization scheme provides a method to construct nonsingular real solutions, including solitons and their interactions on a periodic background, for several equations.
7572h agoThe focusing gauged MKdV (FGMKdV) equation is linked to the real part of the focusing modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, and its solutions are constructed using hyperelliptic curves, generalizing Euler's elasticae.
7572h agoSmall phase perturbations can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks through a gradient-based optimization method.
7572h agoThe complete Lie point symmetry algebras are obtained for two sequences of odd-order evolution equations, including fully-nonlinear equations.
7572h agoThe preparation of eigenstates of spin chains can be done efficiently using quantum circuits with polynomial depth growth for both free-fermionic and some interacting models.
7572h agoMagnetic particles can act as effective probes for measuring and forcing turbulence at its smallest scale, revealing a rich phenomenology, including stochastic resonance and a novel symmetry-breaking mechanism, that offers insights into flexible particle manipulation and vorticity measurement.
7572h agoSpecific conditions make generic scattering systems act as robust wave splitters that can split waveforms without changing their relative amplitude or phase.
7572h agoA novel decoupling limit of the membrane leads to a classically integrable model in 1+2 dimensions.
7572h agoBinomial maps allow stochastic evolution of population models, linking agent-based models to traditional deterministic map models, and enabling analysis of small populations with demographic noise and extinction.
7572h agoThe first nonlinear stage of modulation instability of periodic waves in multidimensional generalizations of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation shows universal behavior, described by adiabatic deformations of the Akhmediev breather solution, with wave growth, fission, fusion, and decay processes.
7572h agoTurbulence self-organizes into coherent structures through a process of nonequilibrium phase transitions, forming dense structures with quantized loop currents of phase information that exhibit universal power-law behaviour.
7572h agoThe replica method for analyzing inference and learning in parametric models is revised to handle unknown or complex data-generating distributions by using a variational Gaussian approximation.
7572h agoA Large Language Model's ability to mimic human intelligence shows a temperature-induced phase transition in the Turing test.
7572h agoComplex biological mixtures can perform information retrieval through metastable phase separation.
7572h agoAn automated workflow streamlines the creation of accurate neural-network interatomic potentials, enabling users to achieve high-precision simulations with minimal human intervention.
7572h agoThe Spectral-Entangling Strength measure reveals a universal limit for R\'enyi entanglement growth, with a robust $1/s^2$ tail in the entanglement spectrum, and establishes a link between entanglement and computational complexity.
7572h agoA neural network made of atoms and photons can recall memories with high storage capacity, even when storing many patterns, by using quantum-optical nonequilibrium dynamics.
7572h agoA cavity approach unifies the analysis of three high-dimensional learning problems, revealing similarities in their underlying structure.
7572h agoSpin-glass dynamics research has made key progress, with experiments and simulations converging to show that spin-glass coherence lengths can reach almost macroscopic dimensions and exhibit complex physics, including memory, rejuvenation, and temperature chaos.
7572h agoA neuromorphic network, which is a dynamical system itself, can learn and model complex dynamical systems by optimizing its internal responses through manipulation of input electrodes and voltages.
7572h agoVortex loops govern the Anderson transition in three-dimensional chiral symmetry classes, and their behavior shares a unified theoretical framework with transitions in three-dimensional type-II superconductors.
7572h agoThe four spin correlations of the intensity of a speckle pattern encode the spin-orientation memory of interacting quenched systems, and this can be measured using resonant magnetic x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
7572h agoMany-body localization lends robustness to nonequilibrium phases of matter, which can exhibit topological and symmetry-breaking order, and can be classified using a framework of quantum cellular automata.
7572h agoThe winding number distribution of a random matrix model becomes Gaussian as the matrix dimensions increase.
7572h agoMachine learning protocol estimates the probability that configurations with a certain energy belong to the ordered, coexistence, or disordered phase, allowing for the calculation of critical energies and latent heat.
7572h agoThe Notch3 mutation causing CADASIL disease leads to distinct neurovascular changes depending on whether it is expressed in smooth muscle cells or pericytes, with each cell type showing unique responses in vascular pathology.
7576h agoExpressing short-wavelength mouse cone opsin in retinal ganglion cells of blind mice induces membrane hyperpolarization, unlike the depolarizing effects of mid-wavelength cone opsin.
7580h agoCombining N-acetylcysteine with non-contact high-frequency low-intensity pulsed electric field stimulation reduces oxidative stress and protects human neuronal cells from damage caused by hydrogen peroxide.
7580h agoCochlear implant users have trouble with sound localization because their devices do not effectively convey interaural time differences through pulse timing, which is crucial for spatial hearing.
7580h agoFace pareidolia emerges from a temporal cascade that integrates global and local visual information, with early sensory encoding giving way to higher-order perceptual evaluation.
7580h agoMild traumatic brain injury causes changes in plasma endolipids, with acute head injury driving more changes in males than females, and females showing a lack of precursors for resolving molecules, which may be related to post-concussion syndrome.
7580h agoNoise-induced hearing loss causes changes in neuronal density, neurotransmission, and microstructure in the central auditory nervous system, including increased neurofilament density, altered microstructure, and decreased glutamate and GABA levels.
7580h agoA 3D model of the blood-brain barrier, formed by human brain cells, mimics the barrier's function and structure, allowing for studies of its role in health and disease.
7580h agoCombining EEG and EMG signals creates a hybrid Brain Interface Computer (BCI) device that can control a hand exoskeleton by classifying brain and muscle activity when people attempt to move their fingers.
7580h agoAging leads to accumulation of perineuronal nets in the hippocampus, increased neuroinflammation, and memory deficits, but not in the dorsal striatum where microglial activation still occurs.
7580h agoSFRP1 drives astrocytic metabolic activation, enhancing glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration, to sustain energy demands during inflammation.
7580h agoA large, open-access archive of 1,300 audiovisual clips provides a resource to study misophonia, a condition in which everyday sounds evoke intense emotional and physiological responses.
7580h agoThe claustrum volume changes with age, hemisphere, and sex, following a trajectory of rapid growth from infancy to adolescence, a plateau phase in adulthood, and a decline in old age, with the right claustrum being larger than the left and females having larger volumes than males.
7580h agoThe auditory cortex encodes amplitude-modulation signals with high accuracy, with core areas processing a wider range of frequencies and the left hemisphere showing enhanced encoding, especially in the supragranular layers.
7580h agoSpinophilin regulates dopamine D2 receptor function by mediating agonist-induced receptor internalization, which limits the efficacy of dopamine D2 receptor agonists in treating Parkinson's disease motor deficits.
7580h agoSERPINA3N aggravates neural injury and vascular damage under pathological conditions, and its overexpression drives a pro-inflammatory response and promotes neurodegeneration after brain injury.
7580h agoA neural circuit model shows that recurrent excitation within the evidence integration population supports sensory evidence accumulation, working memory, and reward rate optimisation, and explains decision-making and interference.
7580h agoA deep learning framework using a one-dimensional Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a linear classifier accurately detects seizures and Low-Voltage Fast Activity (LVFA) in stereo electroencephalography (SEEG) data of patients with focal epilepsy.
7584h agoRats emit a distinct type of ultrasonic vocalization when consuming palatable food, and this vocalization is modulated by the endogenous opioid system.
7584h agoFunctional ultrasound imaging provides a continuous and stable assessment of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular autoregulation, correlating strongly with red blood cell flux and showing higher stability and reproducibility than standard approaches.
7584h agoEarly visual experience impacts the development of the human brain's white matter, with people born with dense bilateral cataracts showing impaired white matter integrity that partially recovers after sight restoration later in life.
7584h agoFree online webinar platforms can democratize scientific knowledge and support career development globally by providing more inclusive modes of communication.
7588h agoNeurons that respond to illusory contours drive pattern completion in V1, which may mediate perceptual inference by reinforcing activity patterns that match prior expectations.
7588h agoAMPAR signaling drives the acute activation of ependymal-derived neural stem/progenitor cells after spinal cord injury, and this mechanism can be targeted therapeutically to harness the spinal cord's regenerative potential.
7588h agoTau aggregates have different interactors in various diseases, including Alzheimer's, progressive supranuclear palsy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, determining unique molecular signatures for each condition.
7588h agoSerotonin receptors are expressed differently on neurons in the auditory system, with glutamatergic neurons primarily expressing inhibitory receptors and GABAergic neurons expressing excitatory receptors.
7588h agoThe GABABR1a receptor mediates the inhibitory effect of sAPPalpha on neurite outgrowth by suppressing axon length in neurons.
7588h agoPeople with dyslexia have impaired neural processing of speech rhythms, marked by abnormal delta-band power and phase entrainment in theta, beta, and gamma bands.
7588h agoSmaller surface areas of the cingulate cortex, particularly the left anterior cingulate cortex, are associated with higher cortisol stress responses in individuals, especially males.
7588h agoA new MRI technique allows non-invasive tracking of remyelination in the brain by detecting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelin-producing cells.
7588h agoThe fetal brain's structural connectivity increases in integration and segregation and follows a sigmoid growth pattern, with a rapid strengthening of connections around 27.5-30.5 weeks of gestation.
7588h agoA unified approach called DCHO models and forecasts the temporal evolution of higher-order brain connectivity, capturing interactions among three or more brain regions, based on a decomposition-composition framework.
7596h agoThe cerebellum contributes to human cognition through functional specializations tailored to different task domains, and operates under core constraints of prediction, timescale, and continuity.
7596h agoEEG neurofeedback does not enable people to control their brain activity on purpose, but instead causes changes due to non-specific influences.
7596h agoNeural mass models can be described using ideas from physics, such as energy and conserved quantities, which helps to understand their dynamics and link them to energy landscape theory.
7596h agoHumans walk and run in a mixture of gaits at speeds between 1.9 and 3.0 meters per second, with the walk versus run fraction changing with speed to minimize energy expenditure.
7596h agoCombining Active Inference with the Drift-Diffusion Model explains cognitive effort arising from habit violation and value discriminability, and integrating the two frameworks improves parameter recovery.
7596h agoA new 3D musculoskeletal model of Drosophila legs is developed, enabling investigation of motor control and biomechanics' contribution to complex limb movements.
7596h agoA deep-neural-network method helps eliminate spiral-wave turbulence in heart tissue models by applying control currents on a mesh electrode to prevent sudden cardiac death.
7596h agoThermodynamic efficiency can be generalized to settings with multiple control parameters, and it can be interpreted from an observer's perspective in terms of how well system parameters can be inferred from observable behavior or how difficult it is to navigate the statistical manifold.
7596h agoThe Turing theory remains valid for adaptive symmetric networks with positive weights, and its instability conditions depend on the network's Laplace matrix and model parameters.
7596h agoIntegrable generalized Henon-Heiles systems with specific Hamiltonians have orbits that transition from bounded to escaping as physical parameters change, with a mechanism behind the escape to infinity that varies across different integrable cases.
7596h agoThe Lugiato-Lefever model of optical cavities has a family of stable and unstable time-periodic orbits, called oscillating Turing rolls, that play a fundamental role in the transition from stable Turing rolls to turbulent regimes.
7596h agoIncreasing entanglement in a system of two entangled qubits causes chaos to arise sooner and reduces the time it takes for chaotic trajectories to converge.
7596h agoA bouncing ball interacting with an irregular surface moves in a way that is similar to a random walk, with its movement becoming more spread out over time in a predictable pattern.
7596h agoSolitons in a discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation exhibit self-induced nonreciprocal dynamics, where their behavior changes based on their power, leading to unidirectional acceleration and amplification.
7596h agoThe solution to a Riemann-Hilbert problem constructs soliton solutions to a fifth-order nonlinear partial differential equation, which under certain restrictions yields soliton solutions to the Sawada-Kotera equation.
7596h agoThe active phase of a one-dimensional kinetic contact process has a hierarchical structure of percolation patterns, with more complex patterns emerging on top of simpler ones through cascades of continuous transitions.
7596h agoPairwise interactions can give rise to synergistic information in complex systems, and antibalanced correlational structures or interaction motifs are conditions under which this happens.
7596h agoFaraday waves emerge in self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates when a periodic modulation of the scattering length drives collective excitations at a specific frequency.
7596h agoTopological gravity with arbitrary Dyson index β shows properties consistent with quantum chaos, and its correlation functions and moduli space volumes exhibit structural properties that can be interpreted geometrically.
7596h agoThe analysis of biological and artificial neural networks requires considering generic real-asymmetric matrix ensembles, and this approach reveals a universality among them.
7596h agoThe active phase of a one-dimensional kinetic contact process has a hierarchical structure of percolation patterns, with more complex patterns emerging on top of simpler ones through cascades of continuous transitions.
7596h agoArtificial nano-optoelectronic neurons with a circuit footprint reduced by at least a factor of 100 and operating powers in the picowatt regime mimic biological neural networks, enabling photonic neuromorphic computing and adaptive optical sensing.
7596h agoSchwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles carry different molecular cargo at various stages of nerve repair, regulating processes such as myelin ensheathment, neuronal differentiation, and neurogenesis.
7608h agoHead direction cells in the thalamus process sensorimotor inputs differently and connect to various brain areas, and they come in distinct types that provide parallel sensorimotor messages.
7608h agoCombining low-NA telecentric scanning with high-NA fluorescence collection increases the field of view for deep brain imaging through GRIN lenses by effectively eliminating optical aberrations.
7608h agoNeurons with a Presenilin-1 gene mutation have abnormal calcium dynamics, increased mitochondrial respiration, and higher levels of intracellular ROS, leading to a failure in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
7608h agoAnimals use coordinated movements and body mechanics to interact with their environment and generate maximal forces to escape from capture.
7616h agoChanges in lipid composition, particularly increases in hexosylceramides and sulfatides, and altered sphingolipid catabolism in lysosomes contribute to brain aging and resemble changes seen in lysosomal storage diseases.
7616h agoGABAB receptors play a dual role in regulating oligodendrocyte differentiation and immune responses in the brain, and their activation with baclofen reduces disease severity and promotes remyelination in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
7616h agoCortical neurons adapt to loss of fast inhibition through two sequential mechanisms: a transient reduction of excitatory synaptic input, followed by changes in intrinsic membrane properties that decrease input resistance.
7616h agoConvolutional neural networks reveal that wide-field amacrine cells inhibit retinal ganglion cell activity by 10-30% through optimized suppressive surrounds, providing new insights into retinal processing.
7616h agoBinocular vision combines similar inputs from the two eyes into a single percept, and neural responses to binocular stimuli vary with phase relationships, with data best explained by a two-stage contrast gain-control model with parallel monocular channels.
7628h agoLoss of Neurexin1 disrupts the use of past experiences to inform decisions, leading to abnormal brain activity and behavior.
7636h agoA low-cost electronic retina simulator called RetINaBox helps users discover how the visual system builds feature detectors through hands-on experimentation.
7636h agoThe characteristics of virtual environments have little impact on perceived travel distance, with only ground texture, environment scale, and starfield density affecting estimates of distance traveled.
7636h agoReduced inhibitory input from the nucleus accumbens to the ventral pallidum permits activation of the ventral pallidum, which facilitates social play behavior in juvenile rats.
7636h agoKetamine does not change brain activation related to reward processing in healthy individuals 5 hours after infusion, despite strong subjective effects.
7636h agoPlanning involves balancing immediate gains against long-term goals, and brain areas specialize in valuing actions based on their immediate and future benefits.
7636h agoParkinson's disease risk variants affect different brain cell types, classifying patients into six subgroups with distinct symptoms, including motor and non-motor symptoms related to specific cell types.
7636h agoPerceptual consistency and working memory best predict listeners' ability to understand speech in noise.
7636h agoZbtb20 deficiency causes autism-like symptoms and brain changes in mice, but treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin improves these symptoms.
7636h agoPeople postpone making perceptual decisions until they have relevant response options, and then they make more accurate decisions by sequentially sampling stored sensory information from memory.
7636h agoNeuronal filters in electrically coupled networks interact through frequency-dependent amplitude and phase-difference coupling coefficients, shaped by ionic and synaptic currents, and external inputs.
7636h agoErythropoietin stimulates the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, contributing to myelination, and may be a potential treatment for remyelination therapies.
7636h agoA biobank of patient-derived cells reveals distinct cellular defects in brain organoids from people with neurodevelopmental disorders, including defects in cell survival, cell junctions, and excessive growth of certain cell types.
7636h agoThe sensorimotor system has multiple implicit learning subcomponents with different goals, including implicit recalibration for refining actions and implicit aiming for selecting actions to achieve specific goals.
7636h agoCCL5/CCR5 signaling inhibits neuronal excitation, and blocking it improves symptoms of depression, including anxiety and memory, by increasing neuronal oscillations and plasticity.
7636h agoA fully automated system records neural activity from human cortical organoids and accurately distinguishes between organoids derived from healthy individuals and those with Alzheimer's disease mutations.
7636h agoFunctional brain networks in children aged 8-60 months show individual variability, with sensory cortices being more consistent across the population than association cortices, and network lateralization in the language network increasing with age.
7636h agoThe Cb- and BG-thalamocortical circuits play distinct roles in motor control, with Cb inputs to VLp encoding movement direction more strongly and quickly than BG inputs to VLa.
7636h agoThe netneurotools Python toolkit streamlines brain imaging projects by providing a set of commonly used functions and routines that fill gaps in existing software packages.
7640h agoTactile surface perception changes based on hand posture and functional demands, and the brain dynamically assigns where the surface is and which side we occupy.
7640h agoA memristor-based system analyzes raw analog signals from a genomic sequencer directly in memory, achieving substantial improvements in speed and efficiency for real-time genomic analysis.
7640h agoProposed system SECRET-GWAS enables secure collaborative genome-wide association studies with large datasets while maintaining privacy and accuracy.
7640h agoA complete photonic neuron integrated on a silicon-nitride chip enables ultrafast all-optical computing with nonlinear multi-kernel convolution for image recognition and motion generation.
7640h agoWtCoxG, a new genetic analysis method, improves statistical power for time-to-event data by addressing case ascertainment and using external allele frequency information.
7640h agoTau misfolding and aggregation cause diseases like Alzheimer's and a new treatment, ATB2005A, degrades these tau aggregates, showing therapeutic efficacy in mouse models and a Phase 2 clinical trial in dogs, and is now in human clinical trials.
7640h agoThe statistical Extreme Value Theory provides a framework for category learning by focusing on the extremes of visual input distributions, which better predicts human category membership decisions than traditional central tendency models.
7640h agoSocial experience impacts multiple genes in the brain, and disrupting certain pheromone receptors and transcription factors normalizes the brain's response to social isolation or group housing.
7640h agoThe visual brain quickly encodes information about food edibility and identity, and represents flavour profiles regardless of hunger state or attention, but personal appeal and arousal information emerge only when the food is relevant to the task.
7640h agoA three-neuron circuit consisting of one inhibitory and two excitatory interneurons generates rhythmic leg movements that drive walking in flies.
7640h agoPathogenic tau blocks synaptic plasticity by binding to eIF4B, which stops the local synthesis of proteins needed for memory formation.
7640h agoNeural activity drives changes in gene expression that are crucial for learning, and single-cell long-read sequencing reveals new details about these changes, including cell-type specific transcript isoform expression and alternative splicing in mouse hippocampal cells.
7640h agoBlocking endocytosis in glia increases sleep, and this increase is linked to the accumulation of peroxidized lipids, suggesting that sleep helps clear these toxic lipids from the brain.
7640h agoThe microRNA miR-9a regulates behavioral changes in female fruit flies after mating by controlling the growth of sensory neurons through a dual regulatory system involving epithelial and neuronal signals.
7640h agoBifrontal tDCS at rest decreases cortical oxygenation, alters network connectivity, increases parasympathetic activity, and reduces anger, promoting a calm physiological and emotional state.
7648h agoNetworks optimised for efficient working memory encoding exhibit high-dimensional rotational dynamics that emerge from efficient coding principles.
7648h agoElectrotactile stimuli elicit faster responses than visual stimuli, and larger intensity shifts lead to faster and more accurate responses to electrotactile stimulation.
7648h agoA novel approach using the Riemannian diffusion kernel accurately represents continuous structural connectivity on the cortical surface, accounting for its complex geometry.
7648h agoConcurrent functional linear mixed models can identify associations between photometry signals and behavioral variables that change over time, and can lead to different conclusions than traditional analysis methods that use behavioral summaries.
7652h agoA cellular tipping point, arising from the competition between aggregate accumulation and removal, universally emerges across neurodegenerative diseases, separating healthy cells from those burdened with large aggregate loads.
7652h agoApomorphine improves gait in Parkinson's disease by changing brain rhythms and increasing transitions to movement, but also alters movement patterns by reducing leg velocity and step length.
7660h agoCortico-hippocampal dynamics emerge from feedback loops and coupling between the cortex and hippocampus, leading to different states of activity and potentially explaining the involvement of the hippocampus in seizures.
7660h agoPsilocybin enhances the claustrum's inhibitory influence on cortical networks and reduces its inhibitory influence on subcortical areas, which is associated with its subjective effects.
7660h agoSystemic inflammation promotes hyper-exploitation by reducing exploratory behaviour in animals making decisions about food in complex environments.
7660h agoTonic muscle contraction increases motor evoked potentials but decreases two key peaks of the transcranial evoked potentials, challenging the idea that cortical and corticospinal responses are two aspects of the same process.
7660h agoA directed connectome model reveals that brain circuitry follows similar yet distinct patterns across mouse, marmoset, rhesus macaque, and human, with the entorhinal-hippocampal projection being the most efficient pathway in all species.
7660h agoPlace and grid cells interact through reciprocal connections to integrate sensory cues, with place cells improving grid cells' coding accuracy and grid cells enhancing place cells' coding efficiency.
7660h agoThe prefrontal cortex plays a key role in regulating sleep, and local modulation of its activity can increase or decrease the amount of sleep.
7660h agoDendritic spine dysfunction contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders, and two distinct spine phenotypes are linked to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, characterized by changes in spine volume.
7660h agoThe neural representation of visual perception and working memory uses partially distinct but also shared coding components in the brain.
7660h agoMotor-evoked activation in the spinal cord shows poor test-retest reliability, despite reliable task performance and fMRI signal quality, and increasing the number of task runs improves group-level activation but not individual reliability.
7660h agoEstrogen receptor alpha activation protects photoreceptors from degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa by reducing inflammation and disrupting a harmful signaling loop.
7660h agoThe pli-de-passage fronto-parietal moyen (PPfpm) is a near-universal cerebral fold in the adult human brain, consistently located at mid-height within the central sulcus and associated with the sensorimotor hand area.
7664h agoThe infant brain's visual system responds to visual stimulation at a 4Hz theta rhythm, which is different from the 10Hz alpha rhythm found in adults.
7664h agoThe cerebellum develops rapidly in early life, with its posterior areas growing faster than anterior areas, and its growth is coordinated with and supports the development of cognitive functions, including socio-linguistic behaviors.
7664h agoA shared neural code for complex finger movements exists across individuals, allowing for accurate classification of brain activity in areas responsible for motor control.
7664h agoOverexpressing the human alpha-synuclein gene in the brain of zebra finches reduces the firing rate of certain neurons, leading to changes in vocalizations similar to those seen in Parkinson's Disease.
7664h agoNeural activity in the visual and posterior parietal cortex reflects elapsed time since a previous event, not temporal predictions or prediction errors, and is coded in a distributed way by different types of neurons.
7664h agoCircadian disruption causes changes in locomotor activity, stress, and immunometabolic signalling, and is linked to increased inflammation, stress, and disrupted glucose metabolism in the brain.
7664h agoUsing Hibernate media to store human dorsal root ganglion tissue allows for similar neuronal yield, electrophysiological properties, and functional responses as freshly isolated tissue, overcoming logistical barriers to research.
7664h agoThe NeuronID toolkit accurately processes two-photon calcium imaging data by automatically correcting motion, reducing noise, and extracting neuronal signals.
7664h agoLarge language models can approximate human brain activity in sensory-motor tasks, and their internal states can be linearly mapped onto human neural activity.
7668h agoA novel flexible and implantable neural probe made from polyimide film and gold provides low impedance characteristics for acquiring local field potential signals, making it a promising biocompatible device for neural implantation.
7668h agoLITcoder, an open-source library, provides standardized tools for building and benchmarking neural encoding models that align stimuli with brain data and evaluate predictive performance.
7668h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by using samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
7668h agoA continuum model for directed cell migration, which combines random motility with non-local guidance cues, is implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to capture phenomena such as cell sorting and aggregation.
7668h agoIntermittent chaos emerges in an optical microresonator as it transitions from stable oscillation to chaotic motion, and can enhance system responses in nonlinear ultrasonic detection.
7668h agoA new type of self-assembled crystal made of vortex triplets emerges in an active-spinner fluid when activity overcomes dissipation.
7668h agoThe initial vorticity packing fraction determines the transport properties of decaying two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence, leading to distinct dynamics and transport behaviors.
7668h agoA deep learning emulator accurately models complex systems by generalising across a range of parameter values, enabling efficient exploration of parameter space and uncertainty quantification.
7668h agoThe Lorenz system has a novel class of dynamical invariants that depend on the system's history and remain constant along any trajectory.
7668h agoInvariant random matrix ensembles exhibit a specific large-n asymptotic behavior for a certain average, which is determined by solutions to the Painleve-XXXIV equation.
7668h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by using samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
7668h agoMatrix models are presented whose partition functions are tau functions of the universal character hierarchy, including new models associated with product of spheres with embedded graphs and their multi-matrix model generalizations.
7668h agoThe long-term nonequilibrium dynamics of q-state Potts models exhibit cyclic changes in homogeneous phases at low energies and coexisting wave modes at high energies, with some models showing additional dynamic modes and spiral wave patterns.
7668h agoA new random graph model inspired by assembly theory generates graphs with diverse properties, characterized by a broad range of summary statistics, and distinct properties enabled by historical contingencies during the generative process.
7668h agoThe information about time-dependent correlations in spin-glass systems is encoded in four-spin correlations of speckle patterns and can be measured using resonant magnetic x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
7668h agoTrue complexity in materials emerges when their structures are neither perfectly crystalline nor randomly disordered, but instead have non-random patterns.
7668h agoMachine learning model accurately reconstructs a quantum system's Hamiltonian from a spatial map of the local density of states near a fixed energy.
7668h agoGauge theories can produce constrained models with faster-than-diffusive dynamics, where energy transport is superdiffusive and spin transport exhibits ballistic behavior.
7668h agoAn open quantum system can perform multiple vector-matrix multiplications with stochastic matrices in parallel, with the result presented as stationary energy flows, taking a time independent of input vector dimension.
7668h agoThe magnetoconductance of a clean interface between two Weyl semimetals remains linear with field strength even with interface disorder, but its slope changes at a certain field strength and is determined by different factors depending on the field strength.
7668h agoThe maximum pseudolikelihood estimator can jointly estimate temperature and external field parameters with a certain level of accuracy in spin glass models with competing ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic spin interactions.
7668h agoNeural networks trained in the infinite-width regime are described by kernel machines with data-dependent kernels.
7668h agoAmorphous Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ supports two-level systems due to low-energy modes in its electronic and phonon spectra.
7668h agoNorm-conserving spin models driven by temporally hyperuniform noise exhibit a sharp ergodicity-breaking transition in the absence of interactions, where dynamics freeze into configurations determined by the initial condition.
7668h agoPhotonic hardware mimicking biological neural networks offers a solution to the growing global energy demand of artificial intelligence, and an artificial nano-optoelectronic neuron has been developed with a circuit footprint reduced by at least a factor of 100, enabling low power consumption and biological functions.
7668h agoDifferent types of olfactory receptor neurons play distinct roles in shaping sleep patterns, and their effects on sleep are adjusted based on factors such as mating status and serotonin receptor expression.
7668h agoNMDA receptor kinetics control neuronal firing patterns and information processing, with rapid or slow deactivation rates producing distinct pathways to firing irregularity and influencing conditions for pathological long-term potentiation and neurological disorders.
7668h agoThe brain encodes tactile motion speed using both rate and temporal codes across different stages of the primary somatosensory cortex.
7668h agoA low-cost, open-source olfactometer system enables easy and affordable access to controlled odour delivery, allowing more labs to conduct olfactory research.
7668h agoGene expression and cell types differ between the left and right hemispheres of mice brains, particularly in the hippocampus and auditory cortex, which may relate to functional asymmetries for learning, memory, and hearing.
7668h agoDeleting EPO in mice does not impair cognitive functions, and instead, may even improve performance in challenging working memory tasks due to compensatory upregulation of EPOR and EphB4 receptors.
7668h agoMutation of the serine/threonine kinase32a (stk32a) gene results in increased sleep and impaired sleep homeostasis in both zebrafish and mice.
7668h agoMAVeRiC-AD, a new framework, improves the classification of Alzheimer's disease from brain images by using a combination of expert models and demographic data to provide more accurate and reliable results.
7668h agoThe P3 and P600 brain components are not directly affected by changes in norepinephrine activity, suggesting that their link to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system may not be straightforward.
7668h agoA two-photon imaging method allows visualization of the development and organization of low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the mouse forepaw, enabling study of the cellular mechanisms that regulate their patterning and plasticity.
7668h agoRetinal aging is characterized by cell type- and species-specific changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility, with Muller glia playing a potential role in combating age-associated retinal dystrophies.
7668h agoCombining contextual logs with quality assurance and control improves the reliability of field-collected light exposure data from wearable devices.
7668h agoLocal infrared stimulation changes the properties of slow waves in the brain by shortening up-state durations, prolonging down-states, and increasing neuronal synchronization.
7668h agoPrenatal exposure to e-cigarette aerosol reduces the migration of GABA neurons, a critical process for brain development, by activating a specific receptor through nicotine.
7668h agoCholesterol ester levels increase with demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, and remain elevated in areas with limited remyelination, suggesting a link between cholesterol ester accumulation and demyelination.
7668h agoHumans lose access to the uncertainty of individual sensory modalities once their brains integrate multiple sensory inputs into a single perception.
7672h agoA scalp-based approach using Continuous Proportional Coordinate (CPC) system achieves comparable performance to neuronavigation in personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting.
7672h agoNMDA receptor signaling plays a crucial role in processing novel and deviant sounds in the brain, affecting neural responses and communication between auditory and posterior parietal cortices.
7672h agoNew Hybridization Chain Reaction detection methods combine high specificity with enzyme-based signal amplification, enabling robust spatial detection of short and low-abundance RNA targets in challenging tissue environments.
7672h agoSuvorexant, a dual hypocretin receptor antagonist, increases sleep and selectively changes maternal behavior in lactating rats by promoting nursing and reducing active maternal behavior.
7672h agoThe vertebrate retina likely evolved from a complex median photoreceptive organ that already contained both ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptors, which then lateralized and diversified into the retina and pineal/parapineal complex.
7672h agoCognitive noise causes people to distort probability judgments because it is repelled by the natural boundaries of probability, leading to inaccurate assessments of risk and likelihood.
7672h agoOptimal electrode configurations for cervical spinal cord stimulation to improve upper-limb motor recovery include positioning over the dorsal root entry zone, using rostro-caudal current flow, larger contacts, and cathodal stimulation.
7672h agoPyramidal neurons in the gustatory cortex undergo postnatal maturation, changing their intrinsic excitability and shifting the balance of excitation and inhibition towards inhibition as they reach young adult properties.
7672h agoNeurons in the middle temporal cortex represent multiple moving stimuli by leveraging spatial selectivity within their receptive fields, enabling individual components of the stimuli to be segregated and represented by a population of neurons.
7672h agoSpinal cord preganglionic neurons increase their excitability after spinal cord injury to compensate for reduced activity, which helps to limit low blood pressure but can also exaggerate reflex responses.
7672h agoThe hippocampus builds a combined map of space by combining separate brain maps for different senses, with the lateral entorhinal cortex mapping olfactory space and the medial entorhinal cortex mapping visual space.
7672h agoIschemia worsens memory and brain function in mice with a model of Alzheimer's disease, causing deficits that do not occur with ischemia alone.
7672h agoYEATS2 regulates dopaminergic synaptic integrity through an epigenetic-calcium axis that controls calcium levels and dopamine neuron survival.
7672h agoThe blood-brain barrier's integrity relies on a reciprocal control between tight junctions and cell-matrix adhesions in brain endothelial cells.
7672h agoA specific head position in an MRI scanner minimizes unwanted vestibular side effects caused by the scanner's magnetic field, reducing dizziness and neural activation in the brain.
7676h agoExtended cessation, a state of suspended consciousness, is marked by increased activity in sensory regions, decreased activity in areas related to self-awareness and emotion, and changes in brain connections that relate to heightened perceptual clarity and reduced mental suffering.
7680h agoA high-fat, high-sugar diet causes cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease mouse models by altering gene expression in glial cells and brain neurons, leading to changes in cell excitability.
7680h agoDendrites in certain neurons integrate synaptic inputs in a supralinear way, and this integration interacts with backpropagating action potentials to enhance synaptic plasticity.
7684h agoA population of hypothalamic neurons that produces the neuropeptides QRFP and Pth4 promotes sleep by acting through monoaminergic neurons in the hindbrain.
7684h agoDisrupted theta phase locking of inhibitory interneurons causes altered network function, leading to increased seizure susceptibility in epilepsy.
7684h agoThe nucleus accumbens, a key component of the brain's reward and motivation system, has a complex organization of diverse cell types and spatial domains that are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
7684h agoSex differences in human brain cortical volume arise from differences in surface area and cortical thickness, which are influenced by X-chromosome dosage and gonadal hormones.
7684h agoAbnormal activity in the CA2 region of the hippocampus contributes to impaired social behavior in Fragile X Syndrome by disrupting responses to social stimuli and oxytocin.
7684h agoAnimals use coordinated facial movements to interact with their environment, and a new tool called face-rhythm can track and interpret these movements, revealing a link between facial behaviors and neural activity patterns.
7684h agoPSEN2 gene variants increase seizure risk in Alzheimer's disease by regulating hippocampal kainate-type glutamate receptors, with PSEN2 knockout mice showing increased susceptibility to seizures, particularly in young mice.
7684h agoThe brain integrates sensory information and memory to produce sequences of movements, but switches to relying solely on memory when the sequence becomes predictable, and reverts back to integrating both when predictability is disrupted.
7684h agoManganese preferentially accumulates in the Golgi apparatus of brain cells, and astrocytes accumulate three times more manganese than neurons, which can lead to neurotoxicity.
7688h agoMuscle activity during a critical period of development helps regulate axon termination in motor neurons through a local retrograde signal that involves neuronal calcium dynamics and neuropeptide signaling.
7688h agoTarsi are primarily responsible for mediating mosquito takeoff responses to permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, and both tarsi and antennae detect permethrin through chemosensory receptors.
7688h agoA new model, Dual Local-Global Encoder (DLGE), enables classification across different brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms without retraining, achieving average precision, recall, and F1-score of 60.16%, 59.88%, and 59.56% respectively.
7692h agoCollectives outperform individuals on some problems because they have more resources, such as sensory information, memory, and processing capacity, which enables them to use different problem-solving strategies.
7692h agoA novel co-simulation approach unifies micro- and macroscales to capture brain dynamics, suggesting that noise contributes to neural variability, not overall spiking activity, in Parkinson's disease.
7692h agoModern generative models can synthesize realistic EEG artifact segments that are suitable for augmentation and stress-testing, with WGAN-GP achieving closer alignment to real data than a denoising diffusion model.
7692h agoThe Spherical Brownian Bridge Diffusion Model forecasts individualized cortical thickness trajectories by integrating multi-modal data and using a new denoising model to achieve more accurate predictions.
7692h agoA novel deep learning model, ADHDeepNet, using electroencephalogram signals, achieves 100% sensitivity and 99.17% accuracy in diagnosing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
7692h agoThe NSD-synthetic dataset provides fMRI responses to synthetic images that are out-of-distribution with respect to natural scenes, enabling tests of model robustness and revealing differences between brain models.
7692h agoEfficient goal-directed learning relies on compressing complex goal information into a stable reward function.
7692h agoThe human psyche can be modeled as an operating system with a space of needs that determines life meanings and intelligence that makes decisions to satisfy those needs.
7692h agoThe choice of brain representation affects measurements of individual differences in brain scans, and feature type plays a crucial role when comparing results from different representations.
7692h agoThe dispersion of trajectories of stochastic processes in phase spaces is governed by covariance structure over time and intermittency affects how initial separations impact dispersion.
7692h agoA novel framework introduces paperfolding structures to analyze and visualize the geometric structure of horseshoes in high-dimensional chaotic dynamics, providing a method to classify topological features of chaotic sets.
7692h agoBoundaries shape patterning dynamics in confined systems by generating a sequence of size-controlled transitions that lead to exponential increase of patterning timescales.
7692h agoThe synchronization transition in adaptive networks of coupled Rossler systems depends on the interplay between microscopic dynamics and mesoscopic connectivity structure.
7692h agoCollectives outperform individuals on some problems because they have more resources, such as sensory information, memory, and processing capacity, which enables them to use different problem-solving strategies.
7692h agoA solvable many-body quantum model called boundary scrambling presents a unified understanding of quantum information dynamics, scrambling, and the behavior of out-of-time-order correlation functions.
7692h agoA method solves the Cauchy problem for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a box-type initial condition by implementing the Inverse Scattering Transform numerically.
7692h agoTurbulence self-organizes into coherent structures through a process of synchronization among locally coupled oscillators, forming dense structures with quantized loop currents governed by topological constraints.
7692h agoA general analytical framework computes the equivalent resistance between arbitrary nodes in infinite resistor networks with line defects.
7692h agoThe Drift-Diffusion Network (DDNet) solves forward and inverse problems of semiconductor device modeling with low error by using physics-informed neural networks.
7692h agoThe study identifies three non-trivial fixed points in measurement-induced phase transitions in monitored free fermions, describing metallic, localized, and multifractal regimes with distinct entanglement properties.
7692h agoThe interplay between Anderson localization and Coulomb repulsion reveals connections to superconductivity and many-body localization in quantum systems, specifically in a tin monolayer on silicon, where a mobility edge between extended and localized states is identified and nonlinear sigma-models are found to be valid even in a strongly correlated 2D system.
7692h agoTraffic congestion follows simple contagion dynamics, with microscopic network flows leading to macroscopic epidemic-type behavior, such as Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible or Susceptible-Infected-Recovered processes.
7692h agoLeading vision language models excel at basic scientific tasks like equipment identification but struggle with spatial reasoning and multistep analysis, limiting their use in autonomous scientific discovery.
7696h agoPain experience varies between people and even within the same person depending on the context, and researchers developed a series of assays to objectively assess pressure pain across tasks with different demands.
7696h agoElevated EEG delta power in Angelman syndrome reflects increased periodic delta oscillations and aperiodic changes, which are linked to different behavioral domains and follow distinct developmental paths.
7696h agoSleep deprivation does not directly cause death, but it increases susceptibility to traumatic brain injury by making the brain more excitable.
7700h agoFixational eye movements affect the information available in the early visual system by changing the way the visual stimulus and response interact.
7700h agoGrid cells track animal movement in multiple local reference frames and reanchor to task-relevant objects to estimate local position during a self-motion-based task.
7708h agoTeneurin 4 helps neurons migrate to form functional layers by switching between interactions with itself and with Latrophilins to either attach to or detach from radial glial cells.
7708h agoThe degeneration of dopaminergic projections to the striatum in Parkinson's disease involves substantial transcriptomic changes in both neuronal and glial populations, with some cell types showing more resilience to dopamine depletion than others.
7708h agoAlpha band oscillations in the brain are generated in superficial and deep layers, suggesting top-down processes, according to a study that used non-invasive techniques to investigate the origins of electrophysiological signals in humans.
7708h agoThe ventrolateral division of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus uses multiple neural plasticity mechanisms, including immediate early gene and NMDA receptor-dependent mechanisms, to adapt social behavior after experiencing social defeat.
7708h agoThe brain retrieves memories by balancing sensory information from contextual cues with learned statistical patterns of past experiences to decide which memory to recall.
7708h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex controls claustrum activity through a mechanism that switches from excitation to inhibition as mice mature from neonates to adults.
7708h agoLearning concept regularities and exceptions is distinctly supported by hippocampal pathways, with the monosynaptic pathway involved in encoding regularities early in learning and the trisynaptic pathway involved in encoding exceptions late in learning.
7708h agoInter-individual variability of neurotransmitter receptor density across brain regions and systems is quantified, providing a means to assess the generalizability of receptor density measurements.
7708h agoUniversity students judge natural enhancers as most acceptable, followed by brain stimulation and then pharmacological agents, with their moral acceptability influenced more by intuitive moral reasoning than by legality or objective safety.
7708h agoOlder adults shift their gaze earlier to their own paddle before intercepting a moving ball, but look later than younger adults to the ball's future location.
7708h agoOtp transcription factor plays a key role in regulating stress responses and energy balance in adulthood by controlling the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides.
7708h agoNociceptors use both glutamate and neuropeptide signaling to transmit pain information to the brain, and blocking both is needed to profoundly reduce pain responses.
7708h agoHead motion during brain imaging scans disproportionately excludes certain racial and ethnic groups, especially at younger ages, and differences in participant retention also persist over time.
7712h agoAmerican ginseng extract G1899 improves cognitive function, reduces Alzheimer's disease symptoms, and protects neurons by modulating microglial activity and clearing amyloid beta.
7712h agoThe parietal cortex is the core area for processing ground-tilt information, and neurons across the dorsal cortex preserve tilt-direction information in a universal format that is shared across different motion conditions.
7712h agoThe composition of neurons in the brain critically affects the ability of a hormone-like substance to stop abnormal electrical activity associated with childhood absence epilepsy.
7712h agoHigher physical activity is associated with better cognitive function and preserved brain structure in people aged 60 and older.
7716h agoThe classification performance of Spiking Neural Networks depends on the interaction between the neuron model, network size, and learning rule, with certain configurations remaining robust to weak or noisy signals.
7716h agoA dual-resolution framework defines the conditions for consciousness by combining the Information Theory of Individuality and the Moment-to-Moment theory, offering a generalizable theory that positions AI as a testbed for its emergence.
7716h agoThe human psyche can be modeled as an operating system that uses a space of needs to determine life meanings and intelligence to make decisions to satisfy those needs.
7716h agoNormative modelling estimates population-level benchmarks in brain structure, enabling the quantification of individual deviations from expected distributions and offering a powerful alternative to traditional case-control studies.
7716h agoExtrema-Segmented Entropy (ExSEnt) quantifies time-series complexity by separating temporal from amplitude contributions, allowing for the identification of whether overall irregularity is driven by timing, amplitude, or their coupling.
7716h agoHandwriting signals can effectively distinguish between neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and healthy controls, by measuring stability, writing speed, and pressure variations.
7716h agoComplex-plane singularities play a crucial role in early-time solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation on the real line, determining the amplitude, wavelength, and speed of dispersive waves.
7716h agoThe study derives analytical formulae for statistical properties of infinite-modal maps to predict extreme events in nonlinear dynamical systems.
7716h agoExtrema-Segmented Entropy (ExSEnt) quantifies time-series complexity by separating temporal from amplitude contributions, allowing for the identification of whether overall irregularity is driven by timing, amplitude, or their coupling.
7716h agoHigher-order interactions can induce tipping cascades in systems, even when pairwise interactions do not, and can also change the route to cascades and suppress them under certain conditions.
7716h agoA hybrid model combining opinion dynamics and technology adoption on complex networks reveals that opinion formation follows irreversible transitions from opponents to supporters, with charismatic competitors affecting conversion back to old technologies.
7716h agoThe GRASPion, a compact and open-source bristlebot, combines ease of use, programmability, and mechanical versatility to study active matter systems.
7716h agoThe greedy optimization algorithm detects and characterizes differences in information flow and time scales for energy transfer between wavenumbers in a weakly turbulent system.
7716h agoLimit cycles and strange attractors emerge in species-rich mathematical models of ecosystems when variability of interspecies interaction increases, preserving biodiversity by maintaining dynamical stability without species extinction.
7716h agoThe study presents theory and simulation results for 3D vector cylindrical electromagnetic wave propagation in an isotropic nonlinear medium using a modified finite-difference time-domain method.
7716h agoThe Frobenius manifold structure on rational functions with multiple simple poles is constructed and studied through its dependence on flat coordinates and diagonal invariants.
7716h agoThe solution for a passive scalar in decaying homogeneous turbulence develops a sequence of concentric spherical shells with a quantized, piecewise-parabolic radial profile of temperature.
7716h agoInterference effects cause a transient backscattering peak offset from the exact backscattering direction in the dynamics of a spin1/2 particle propagating in a disordered potential with spin-orbit coupling.
7716h agoFluctuating pairwise interactions drive fluid-like states in dense biological systems by controlling the glass transition through their strength and persistence time.
7716h agoQuantum reservoir computing can be implemented through quantum transport in mesoscopic electronic systems, enabling efficient computation with several advantages including compatibility with existing device fabrication techniques and robustness against measurement back-action.
7716h agoNetworks grow through the extension and intersection of lines, leading to a core-and-branches architecture, when lines are added sequentially to maximize local coverage under geometric constraints.
7716h agoGutzwiller projected hidden fermion determinant states achieve competitive energies with matrix product states for simulating the Fermi-Hubbard model using fewer parameters, enabling efficient simulation of large-scale fermionic systems.
7716h agoThe limit free energy of spin glass models is determined by a characteristic of an associated infinite-dimensional non-convex Hamilton-Jacobi equation, which has a unique viscosity solution that can be represented as an average of values along characteristic lines weighted by a probability measure.
7716h agoLocalized surface plasmons can confine light to a tiny volume, but their responses are often inconsistent due to noise from imperfections, however, a new deep-learning method called SPARX can quickly and accurately predict the optical properties of nanoparticles.
7716h agoExcessive wealth concentration undermines economic and social development, and a new model shows that networked interactions lead to local wealth condensation, differing from the global wealth concentration seen in fully connected systems.
7716h agoDropout reduces detrimental correlations between hidden nodes and mitigates the impact of label noise, with the optimal dropout probability increasing with the level of noise in the data.
7716h agoLarge language models can help study collective cognition by addressing its complexity and may also raise risks that require new methods.
7724h agoA machine learning model called SurFF enables fast and accurate predictions of surface energies and morphologies in intermetallic catalysts, achieving over 10^5-fold acceleration for materials screening.
7724h agoSplicing alterations caused by the dysfunction of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are common in Parkinson's disease and linked to changes in genes that contribute to the disease.
7724h agoThe protein ORF1p regulates gene expression and neuronal physiology in adult neurons by interacting with specific proteins and chromatin.
7724h agoMiR-34a knockout improves long-term memory in Alzheimer's disease mice by inhibiting microglia transition to a state that modulates synaptic and cognitive functions.
7724h agoDNA damage likely causes increased levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease, by showing that as DNA damage rises with age, APP levels also increase.
7724h agoS-nitrosylation of STING cysteine148 mediates aberrant immune responses and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease through the formation of disulfide-bonded STING oligomers.
7724h agoAxo-axonic synapses connect only 1.0% of descending neuron pairs, but when present, their strength grows with the number of partners, and specific neurons play a key role in modulating escape control.
7728h agoDifferent neuronal populations in the mouse brain have distinct lipid profiles, and sex-based differences in these profiles are present in certain neuronal populations.
7728h agoReaction times reflect changes in brain state as task difficulty evolves during a simultaneity judgment task, particularly near the temporal binding window where stimuli are perceived as simultaneous.
7728h agoA specific ion channel helps a single neuron in grasshoppers detect and respond to approaching threats by shaping its selectivity for visual stimuli.
7728h agoIslets in the pancreas have a specialized connection with sympathetic nerves that helps control blood glucose levels, and they produce proteins that help maintain and repair this connection.
7728h agoThe downregulation of miR-146a in diseased motor neurons contributes to motor neuron degeneration, and deleting this microRNA extends survival in mice with a model of ALS.
7728h agoThe inclusion of exon4a in the tau protein introduces a highly acidic and hydrophilic module that counterbalances the aggregation-prone domains of the protein.
7728h agoTreatment with NLX-112 improves motor function in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia3, a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive motor disturbances.
7728h agoAlzheimer's disease increases the risk of cardiac damage after a heart attack, which may raise the risk of cardiovascular death.
7728h agoBassoon, a scaffolding protein, has a specific orientation at the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals, with its C-terminal region directed toward the synaptic cleft and its N-terminal region toward synaptic vesicles.
7728h agoPathway-specific delays in biological motor circuits generate history-dependent oscillations and short-lived transients that are attenuated as a control parameter approaches a critical band, enabling new methods for stage inference and adaptive neuromodulation.
7728h agoAPOE4 causes increased TGF-beta signaling in brain tissue, which leads to a transition of pericytes to myofibroblasts, resulting in vascular fibrosis and amyloid deposition.
7728h agoLearning from social feedback changes innate courtship behaviors in male flies, allowing for investigation into the neural and molecular basis of social plasticity.
7728h agoFluctuations in the decision criterion shape confidence in human decision-making, with trial-by-trial changes in the criterion state affecting confidence ratings.
7728h agoThe physiological arousal response and motor control strategy of gait adapt together during repeated exposure to split-belt walking, with the greatest adaptation occurring during the first exposure.
7728h agoHumans' ability to generate force is limited by their ability to produce stiffness, and limb configuration has a minimal effect on this force generation.
7728h agoNovice Vipassana meditators have different brain activity patterns and faster object recognition than non-meditators, according to an analysis of EEG data using four biomarkers.
7728h agoThe C1 component of the human visual evoked potential predicts perceptual decisions for a short range of response times, independently of physical stimulus conditions.
7728h agoThe human cerebellum has unique features that distinguish it from non-human primates, including a human-specific role of the protein ZP2 in regulating synapses.
7732h agoEarly life stress maintains high densities of certain interneurons in the auditory cortex, disrupting normal developmental decreases and potentially contributing to deficits in auditory processing.
7732h agoA new cross-species hierarchical atlas enables consistent anatomical comparison of brain structure across different species, including rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans.
7732h agoImplicit motor adaptation emerges rapidly, even after a single exposure to small perturbations, and is greater when task error is present than when only sensory prediction error is available.
7732h agoEarly life stress changes glutamate release and function in the prefrontal cortex during fear conditioning in a sex- and age-dependent way.
7736h agoEthanol exposure during a critical period of development increases the frequency of inhibitory signals in Golgi cells, disrupting cerebellar circuit maturation.
7736h agoChronic stress causes axonal degeneration by activating a neuron-glia communication axis in which neuronal immune signaling instructs glial phagocytosis.
7736h agoDifferences in susceptibility to stress and disease between commonly used control flies affect the outcome of Drosophila models for studying human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders.
7736h agoThe Prenatal Human Connectome Patterns dataset provides high-resolution imaging data on human fetal brain development from 18 to 31 weeks of gestation.
7736h agoA physics-transfer learning framework uses simple geometry physics to analyze complex brain morphology, providing insights into brain development and diseases.
7740h agoA new 3D musculoskeletal model of Drosophila legs is introduced, enabling investigation of motor control and providing insights into how biomechanics contribute to generation of complex limb movements.
7740h agoEfficient goal-directed learning relies on compressing complex goal information into a stable reward function.
7740h agoAbnormal interactions between brain regions responsible for perception can generate visual hallucinations through disturbances in the visual system, particularly in the ventral stream.
7740h agoA Python repository benchmarks and standardizes similarity measures, providing a tool to compare across studies by uniquely specifying and efficiently implementing these measures.
7740h agoMother-child interaction involves dynamic changes in inter-brain synchrony at theta and alpha rhythms, which alternate with interactive behaviors and are linked to the mother's attempts to track and engage with her child.
7740h agoA new computational method called Moba-MIRA estimates the mutual information rate in sensory systems by using pairwise correlations and single-bin entropies, requiring only a few tens of stimulus repetitions to provide accurate results.
7740h agoThe brain's functional network develops from a locally modular organization in childhood to a highly segregated and specialized network system in adulthood, enabling a balance between internal and external cognitive processes.
7740h agoA novel computational framework called SynaptoGen enables the creation of biological agents with pre-wired neural circuits by linking genetic factors to synaptic connections.
7740h agoElectrical coupling of nonchaotic Rulkov neurons leads to rich dynamics, including chaotic spiking, synchronized chaotic bursting, and synchronized hyperchaos, with high-dimensional chaotic attractors occupying up to 45 dimensions of state space.
7740h agoStructured state-space models predominantly preserve the initially presented data in memory, rather than more recent inputs, showing a memory bias known as the primacy effect.
7740h agoThe complete Lie point symmetry algebras are obtained for two sequences of odd-order evolution equations, including fully-nonlinear equations.
7740h agoBosonic star networks are superintegrable, and their energy eigenvalues can be expressed using two forms of Bethe Ansatz solution.
7740h agoThe open-source Python solver accurately reproduces key phenomena of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, including soliton collisions and modulation instability, and provides a valuable tool for exploring nonlinear wave dynamics.
7740h agoThe locomotion of C. elegans nematodes is hyperchaotic and dissipative, with a Lyapunov spectrum characterized by two positive and one negative exponents.
7740h agoA physics-transfer learning framework uses simple geometry physics to analyze complex brain morphology, providing insights into brain development and diseases.
7740h agoThe Recursive Hierarchical Network (RHN) framework reveals that evolution of complex systems follows an irreversible progression from structure-dominated to regulation-dominated to intelligence-dominated stages.
7740h agoA technique using a one-dimensional optical lattice efficiently removes vortices from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate by creating narrow channels that separate the vortex core from its phase singularity.
7740h agoAsymmetric spectral losses can trigger sideband amplification in passive hybrid optical resonators, leading to optical frequency combs with tunable repetition rate.
7740h agoLarge Language Models' opinions tend to converge to a shared view when interacting, but are influenced by biases from training data, favoring agreement and initial opinions.
7740h agoElectrical coupling of nonchaotic Rulkov neurons leads to rich dynamics, including chaotic spiking, synchronized chaotic bursting, and synchronized hyperchaos, with high-dimensional chaotic attractors occupying up to 45 dimensions of state space.
7740h agoYang-Baxter maps and the independence preserving property are preserved when transformed through ultra-discretization, a method used to explore connections between integrable systems.
7740h agoThe alpha-Gauss-Logistic map exhibits a rich range of behaviors, including multiple period-doubling cascades to chaos, abrupt onset of chaos, and regular behavior, depending on the parameters r and alpha.
7740h agoA classical integrable system exhibits tsunami-like solitons on a rocky-desert-like disordered stationary background, which can be described by a Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian in a parity-mixed superconductor.
7740h agoA graph neural network model accurately distinguishes between different states of a linear dynamical system on networks.
7740h agoSynchronization of two remote agents' clocks is practically attainable beyond the conventional noise-induced synchronization regime through exposure to strong environmental noise.
7740h agoA local offline decoder for topological codes operates through a parallelized message-passing framework, allowing it to decode with an average-case runtime of $O((\log L)^\eta)$ in a system of linear size $L$.
7740h agoErgodic dynamics can be used to prepare quantum states with higher entanglement than generated by maximally scrambling dynamics, which is a useful resource for tasks such as quantum teleportation.
7740h agoCoordinated self-organisation in granular systems emerges when a small subset of configurations are more stable than the rest and survive longer despite noise.
7740h agoPhysical systems can store information in many distinct ways, and local non-equilibrium dynamics can retain information about their initial conditions for long time scales even with perturbations.
7740h agoThe dominant vertices in a Boolean network determine the network's dynamics, and a reduced graph of these vertices creates a simpler system with the same attractor structure as the original network.
7740h agoNon-Hermitian systems with non-reciprocal hopping display a non-Hermitian skin effect where states localize exponentially at one edge under open boundary conditions.
7740h agoThe incommensurate energy band theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding localized states in quasiperiodic lattices, representing their energy spectrum as localized state energy bands that characterize all properties of the localized states.
7740h agoThe driven dynamics of the localization phase transition in the Aubry-André model starting from an extended state follows the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and its extension, finite-time scaling, with derived scaling functions that differ from those for initially localized states.
7740h agoA new variation of the exponential Hopfield model has unprecedented storage capacity and preserves its exceptional storage capabilities even under robustness constraints.
7740h agoHyperuniform structures have suppressed density fluctuations at large scales, and their topological features correlate with their hyperuniform characteristics.
7740h agoNew analytical bounds on ground state energies for multipartite p-spin models are produced that can compute lower and upper energy limits for any spin sets.
7740h agoPersistent charge and spin currents exist in a ferromagnetic Hatano-Nelson ring with anti-Hermitian intradimer hopping, and disorder can amplify spin currents.
7740h agoGlasses soften due to intermittent structural relaxation events, or "avalanches," induced by thermal fluctuations, and these events are characterized by changes in structural, mechanical, dynamical, topological, and vibrational properties.
7740h agoQuantum dissipation enhances localization in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model, allowing the system to retain memory of its initial state more robustly than under unitary dynamics.
7740h agoAn artificial nano-optoelectronic neuron with a much smaller circuit footprint and low power consumption mimics biological neural networks, enabling photonic neuromorphic computing and adaptive optical sensing.
7740h agoImpulsively driven low-frequency phonons enhance long-range electronic correlations in a low-dimensional metal, enabling buildup of coherence and enhancement of charge orders.
7740h agoGlasses have complex energy landscapes that lead to non-equilibrium aging dynamics, and a new model predicts that weak ergodicity breaking occurs before strong ergodicity breaking when cooling, and also identifies a static length that characterizes the aging behavior.
7740h agoThe Jonscher's Universal Dielectric Response Law holds true for a huge number of materials, where ac conductivity is a fractional power of frequency, and the law's parameters have a unique relationship with each other.
7740h agoA new computational method called Moba-MIRA estimates the mutual information rate in sensory systems by using pairwise correlations and single-bin entropies, requiring only a few tens of stimulus repetitions to provide accurate results.
7740h agoCollectives process information better by sharing complementary knowledge, allowing groups to track changing environments more effectively than individuals.
7740h agoWealth concentration leads to economic and social problems, and a new model shows that networked interactions among agents result in local wealth condensation, rather than global wealth concentration.
7740h agoCaMKIV phosphorylates REST, which decreases its repressor activity on neural genes and leads to its degradation, thereby regulating intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission in neurons.
7744h agoTraumatic brain injury leads to widespread reprogramming of lipid metabolism in microglial and monocyte populations, causing lipid accumulation, lysosomal dysfunction, and inhibition of autophagy.
7744h agoThe human brain uses motion signals, especially local foot motions and kinematic features, to detect animacy from biological motion, and this ability is shared across species.
7744h agoFunctional connectivity in the brain is closely related to local patterns within underlying blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals, and this relationship is clinically relevant.
7748h agoThe brain encodes information through complex interactions between different areas, with neurons tuned to specific features distributed across the cortex and shaped by spatial competition between representational systems.
7748h agoIn-memory computing architecture can implement large language models with improved computational efficiency in time and energy while maintaining high accuracy.
7752h agoResearchers in Brazil, India, and Africa are using clever tricks to remix large language models to bring AI to billions of users.
7752h agoLarge language models can assist urban planning by bringing new opportunities to the design of cities.
7752h agoUsing in-memory computing with emerging gain-cell devices accelerates attention in large language models, achieving a 70,000-fold reduction in energy consumption and a 100-fold speed-up.
7752h agoMosquito ears convert inaudible high-frequency sounds into audible lower-frequency sounds through a process of distortion, allowing males to detect female flight tones in noisy environments.
7752h agoTauopathy actively contributes to synaptic degeneration in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis by causing mitochondrial damage and synapse disintegration through a mechanism involving Dendritic Syntaphilin Intrusion.
7752h agoThe Neuroscience Experimental Runtime by Vanderbilt (NERV) unifies experiment design, execution, and data logging, enabling millisecond precision and rapid, no-code prototyping for behavioral neuroscience experiments.
7752h agoImmersive dreaming helps sustain perceived sleep depth as sleep pressure decreases, and perceived sleep depth is more closely linked to the presence of immersive conscious experiences than to reduced cortical activation.
7752h agoThe SENSE-42 dataset provides a collection of physiological, behavioral, and subjective data on computer users' neurocognitive states, specifically their tonic alertness, during simulated desktop interactions.
7752h agoThe own name triggers a self-preferential effect in the brain, characterized by enhanced neural responses, and can be measured using a new EEG frequency-tagging task.
7752h agoReading and speech recognition processing follow a hierarchical organization, with separate pathways for visual and auditory information that converge in higher-order language areas.
7756h agoAstrocytes and neurons respond differently to lysosomal damage, with astrocytes activating more repair pathways to manage damage.
7756h agoA transient imbalance between excitation and inhibition during development permanently reprograms social brain circuits, leading to lifelong impairments in sociability and autism-like symptoms.
7756h agoStress disrupts the normal communication between neurons and astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex, leading to maladaptive stress responses that may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.
7756h agoThe primary motor cortex uses multiple distinct computations and high-dimensional activity to flexibly control skilled movement by combining different subskills.
7756h agodI3 neurons help maintain motor tone after spinal cord injury and their stimulation combined with a serotonergic agonist improves locomotor function.
7760h agoThe mu-opioids and other medial habenula activators slow down respiration during slow wave sleep and anesthesia by activating the MHb-IPN circuit, which plays a key role in loss of awareness, anesthesia, memory replay, and opioids induced respiratory depression.
7764h agoNeurodegenerative diseases involve interconnected processes between neuronal activity and biological mechanisms of disease, and integrated frameworks that capture these feedback loops are needed to understand and address the diseases.
7764h agoResearchers propose a framework for designing virtual environments to train and study biological neural networks, called neural organoids, to understand learning mechanisms and intelligence.
7764h agoAsymmetric deep recurrent neural networks with sparse excitatory couplings have an exponentially large, dense accessible manifold of internal representations that can be found by simple iterative dynamics.
7764h agoSynaptic plasticity driven by neural activity follows a stochastic process that can be described by a probabilistic framework, which helps determine the dynamics of learning and memory.
7764h agoNet2Brain, a new toolbox, allows comparison of the representational spaces of artificial deep neural networks and human brain recordings, enabling extraction of activations from over 600 neural networks and analysis of their similarity to brain recordings.
7764h agoNeural networks can learn in two different ways, using either incremental weight updates or flexible in-context learning, which together capture a wide range of human learning phenomena.
7764h agoThe brain represents expected uncertainty distributions through "higher-order" representations, which are used to learn about its own noise and are formed through noisy estimation processes that incorporate prior expectations.
7764h agoA non-integrable discrete lattice model exhibits dispersive shock waves and rarefaction waves, which are captured by proposed quasi-continuum models that provide insights into edge features and self-similar solutions.
7764h agoThe Degasperis-Procesi equation and the Novikov equation have intrinsic connections, including a bijective relationship between their pure peakon trajectories and a one-to-one correspondence between their discrete cubic and dual cubic boundary value problems.
7764h agoActive individuals spontaneously self-assemble into a near-critical state, whether in aligned flocks or non-aligned swarms, with emerging velocity fluctuations that are correlated and scale-invariant.
7764h agoSpatial organization can increase the abiotic formation of complex molecules, potentially leading to false positives in life detection approaches based on assembly theory.
7764h agoIntegrating upstream and downstream reciprocity yields a stable mix of unconditional defectors and integrated reciprocators, allowing cooperation to persist in large groups when the benefit-to-cost ratio exceeds a threshold.
7764h agoCollisions between ferrodark solitons and anti-ferrodark solitons in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates result in annihilation and formation of a long-lived dissipative breather, or reflection, depending on the type of soliton pair and their velocity.
7764h agoThe Fredkin spin chain lacks local conserved charges, making it a nonintegrable model, and this nonintegrability persists even when some of its Hamiltonian terms are removed.
7764h agoThe $\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}$ model and its deformations have a geometric perspective that relates their physical properties to surface geometry.
7764h agoThe concept of gauged Lagrangian 1-forms is introduced, extending Lagrangian 1-forms to gauge theories and yielding a multiform version of the 3d mixed BF action with type A and B defects.
7764h agoThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could transition to a weak state as atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase, leading to a boundary crisis where the current AMOC attractor disappears.
7764h agoThe Behavioural Swarms framework provides a comprehensive model of collective behaviour, where each particle's adaptive decision-making and heterogeneous behavioural states co-evolve through nonlocal interactions to produce emergent macroscopic patterns.
7764h agoBethe wavefunctions can be represented as exact and analytical tensor networks with a finite bond dimension, and can also be prepared by adaptive quantum circuits of a certain depth.
7764h agoSelf-propelled agents on a thin viscous film form large-scale density waves that propagate due to Marangoni flow and local aligning interactions, and their behavior changes with increasing Marangoni parameter, eventually leading to disappearance.
7764h agoLocal frozen-in stresses in glasses lead to a low-temperature specific heat with a temperature exponent between one and two through the hybridization of local nonphononic vibrational excitations with waves.
7764h agoThe low-frequency regime of non-phononic vibrational density of states in glasses depends on technical aspects of molecular dynamics simulations, and a class of quasi-localized defect states induced by frozen-in stresses exists.
7764h agoAsymmetric deep recurrent neural networks with sparse excitatory couplings have an exponentially large, dense accessible manifold of internal representations that can be found by simple iterative dynamics.
7764h agoStrain fields in graphene modulate its thermoelectric transport coefficients, affecting its performance in nanoelectronic and energy-harvesting devices.
7764h agoNonreciprocity and network structure profoundly affect percolation properties in random networks, with structured networks having different degree and percolation measures than unstructured ones.
7764h agoGlasses have complex energy landscapes that lead to non-equilibrium aging dynamics, and a new model predicts that weak ergodicity breaking occurs before strong ergodicity breaking when cooling, and identifies a relationship between activation clusters and time-correlation function decay.
7764h agoAn analytic approach provides highly accurate results for the steady-state dynamics of Markov processes on locally tree-like graphs by using time-translation invariant probability distributions for edge trajectories.
7764h agoQuantum fluctuations inherently enhance positional uncertainty at zero temperature, and the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations leads to a non-monotonic dependence of positional uncertainty on temperature in a nonlinear potential.
7764h agoSynaptic plasticity driven by neural activity follows a stochastic process that can be described by a probabilistic framework, which helps determine the dynamics of learning and memory.
7764h agoThe brain's criticality can be hidden from traditional data analysis methods, leading to incorrect conclusions that it is not operating near criticality.
7764h agoThe ABCA7 deletion disrupts lipid regulation, causing lipid droplet accumulation, despite normal localization, and may increase Alzheimer's disease risk.
7768h agoPARP1 activation drives amyloid-beta pathology and neurodegeneration by increasing amyloid plaque burden, causing DNA damage, and promoting neuroinflammation.
7768h agoTransposable elements are highly expressed in specific brain cells and regions in Parkinson's disease and this expression correlates with neuroinflammation.
7768h agoMitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress drive early neuronal degeneration in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and targeting this process with phenylbutyrate improves neuronal survival.
7772h agoThe GNAO1 E246K mutation disrupts the Go regulatory GTPase cycle by impairing G{beta}{gamma} dissociation, leading to dominant-negative effects on the GTPase regulatory cycle and severe neurogenetic phenotype.
7772h agoDifferent tool features influence motor memories, and distinct modes of tool operation play a critical role in forming and retaining separate internal models during sensorimotor adaptation.
7772h agoInsect larvae, like humans, learn about the relative values of rewards and punishments, rather than their absolute values, when making decisions based on past experiences.
7772h agoLinear unmixing Forster resonance energy transfer (lux-FRET) imaging strategy helps investigate protein-protein interactions and receptor-mediated signaling in live cells with high resolution.
7772h agoStem cell therapy substitutes degenerated motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by using genetically edited stem cells that can differentiate into motor neurons, integrate into host neural circuits, and improve motor function in large animal models.
7772h agoThe local environment drives microglia aging, with region-specific changes caused by signals from neighboring cells, not the cells' own internal programming.
7776h agoErucamide, a fatty acid amide, plays a central role in degenerating retinal tissues and its delivery can stabilize retinal degeneration by activating immune cells and promoting the production of growth factors.
7776h agoIschemic stroke increases the levels of one-carbon metabolism enzymes in brain tissue, with differences observed between males and females.
7776h agoAbnormal brain cell development can trigger inflammation, leading to brain cell death and progressive brain degeneration.
7776h agoMaternal exposure to a commercial mixture of PBDEs causes behavioral and neurochemical deficits in male offspring that resemble core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
7776h agoEnhancing neural plasticity does not help and may even worsen vision loss in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.
7776h agoThe Proximity Prediction Hypothesis explains that Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) works by using near-field acoustic cues to predict gentle touch on the scalp and neck, which reduces anxiety and improves sleep.
7776h agoObesity causes social recognition memory deficits in mice by making neurons in the hippocampal area CA2 overactive, which disrupts oxytocin signaling and impairs social memory.
7776h agoThe miR-141/200c cluster is regulated by a refined strategy to generate global and tissue-specific knockouts, eliminating residual sequences and allowing for reliable study of its role in disease models.
7776h agoWhite matter bundles can be reliably extracted from lower angular resolution, single-shelled diffusion MRI scans, allowing for broader clinical applications and population-level generalizability.
7776h agoThe sensitisation of DRG neurons to pain is driven by changes in the axonal transcriptome, including the upregulation of Tnfrsf12a (Fn14), a cytokine receptor that, when knocked down, reduces neuronal excitability.
7776h agoHealthy aging impairs activity-dependent synaptic remodeling in frontal cortical circuits, leading to reduced cognitive flexibility, without affecting steady-state spine architecture.
7776h agoMonocular visual disruption alters the speed of impulse transmission from the eye, which induces changes in the brain's binocular neurons and myelin, leading to ocular dominance plasticity.
7776h agoReplacing interstitial material with air enhances X-ray phase contrast of ultrastructural features in brain tissue, allowing for stronger phase-shift signals and improved imaging.
7776h agoIncreased SC-FC coupling in specific brain areas, such as the left precentral sulcus, right middle temporal gyrus, and left anterior insula, distinguishes typical, atypical, and non-lateralised language processing in individuals.
7780h agoWhite matter microstructure is associated with cognitive performance in individuals with different language lateralisation, particularly in those with atypical language dominance.
7780h agoThe brain encodes visual, semantic, semantic, and memorability attributes in a distributed way that integrates multiple interactions from the networks across the ventral temporal, temporal, and the prefrontal cortex to shape perception during recognition and object.
7780h agoThe cerebellum supports reinforcement learning by processing reward and prediction error signals in specific cognitive regions, and this processing is sensitive to delays in feedback.
7780h agoPhosphorylation of Rab7 by the kinase TBK1 ensures the unidirectional transport of pro-survival signalling endosomes from the axon to the soma in neurons.
7784h agoRipple oscillations in the brain promote integrative processing by increasing communication between different brain regions, which supports working memory and helps to recall stored information.
7784h agoDRP1 regulates neuroinflammation by acting as a transcription factor that activates inflammatory cytokines through the NF-kappaB-lipocalin2 axis.
7796h agoPerilipin2 regulates microglial lipid storage and metabolic state, and its loss alleviates lipid accumulation, improves phagocytic function, and alters amyloid beta-induced metabolic reprogramming.
7800h agoInhibitory circuits play a dominant role in sustaining gamma rhythms in the medial entorhinal cortex, and the strength of excitatory input determines the frequency of these oscillations.
7804h agoIndividuals with faster alpha brain rhythms can better segregate visual targets from distractors, but this effect depends on the spatial arrangement of the distractors.
7804h agoSensory compression, the functional compression of high-dimensional sensory information into a low-dimensional representation, enables the brain to support both motor habits and internal timing.
7804h agoMusical training boosts reading and phonological awareness in young readers by improving how their brains process speech and enhancing phonological awareness.
7804h agoNeural population dynamics in the motor cortex exhibit a compositional structure that enables posture-dependent control of reaching movements.
7804h agoNeuronal activity influences multiple stages of RNA metabolism, and RNA stability emerges as a key regulator of gene expression, affecting the abundance of hundreds of transcripts.
7804h agoThe brain's complexity makes it hard to model in cellular systems, but a calcium oscillation assay helps; it shows defined neuron-to-astrocyte ratios affect network firing patterns, and adding inhibitory neurons increases spike frequency.
7804h agoThe dentate gyrus cell types, granule cells and mossy cells, support hippocampal memory formation in context-dependent ways, with mossy cells promoting map stabilization and granule cells promoting flexibility.
7808h agoThe flow of brain activity follows specific, consistent patterns across individuals, which are flexibly combined to support different brain states and functions.
7808h agoSequential working memory is maintained through structured geometric organization in low-dimensional representational space, not through the sequential reactivation of individual items.
7808h agoWNK1 kinase directly controls the stability and positioning of inhibitory GABAA receptors at synapses, regulating GABAergic transmission and neuronal activity.
7808h agoThe subcortical pathway from the pulvinar to the amygdala exists in adolescents and greater connectivity in this pathway is associated with faster visual processing.
7808h agoThe maturity of certain brain networks, particularly the default mode and hippocampal networks, is associated with environmental factors such as adversity, parental education, and social-cognitive abilities, and these effects differ between females and males.
7808h agoLayer 5 extratelencephalic neurons in the auditory cortex develop categorical responses to sensory inputs during learning, allowing the brain to transform diverse sensory inputs into discrete representations that support flexible behavior.
7808h agoA sufficient number of granule cells are required for both motor coordination and motor learning, while a smaller number of Purkinje cells are sufficient for these functions.
7808h agoChronic alcohol use increases CACNA1C expression in the hippocampus across species, and a CACNA1C antagonist reduces ethanol-induced contextual memories.
7808h agoNeurons in the medullary raphe pallidus (RPa) that express vesicular glutamate transporter type3 (vGluT3) coordinate sympathetic and somatic motor outputs to increase body temperature.
7808h agoDopamine modulation plays a key role in brain activity and behavior, and a new mathematical framework can capture network activity in different regimes and transitions by incorporating the effects of dopamine.
7816h agoLithium limits AD pathology.
7820h agoA new neural interface helps people control devices with their minds.
7820h agoVagus block prevents cachexia.
7820h agoNew mothers develop a selective preference for the smell of their infants' urine, which helps guide maternal behaviors and is driven by specific volatile compounds and both olfactory and chemosensory inputs.
7820h agoThe striatum's two compartments, striosome and matrix, have distinct roles in motor and cognitive functions, with striosome-like voxels active during cue anticipation and matrix-like voxels active during motor execution.
7820h agoA new model captures neural computations behind visuomotor adaptation behaviors, which include nonlinear saturation effects and distinct explicit and implicit components.
7820h agoCanonical Representational Mapping (CRM) identifies neural patterns aligned with specific cognitive hypotheses by maximizing correlations between multivariate datasets while controlling for confounding sources of variance.
7824h agoHighly memorable images improve associative memory by enhancing the recall of associated words, especially when the cue image and target word are unrelated.
7824h agoThe brain's internal clock, marked by bursts of alpha oscillations, predicts how people estimate time, but its reliability depends on the experimental context.
7824h agoThe novel tool CARACAS accurately identifies and removes cardiac artifacts from EEG recordings without needing a simultaneously recorded ECG signal.
7824h agoTranscranial ultrasound stimulation to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex reduces pain ratings in healthy participants through multidimensional effects on behavioural and neural aspects of pain processing.
7824h agoA novel pipeline using Topological Data Analysis accurately quantifies and characterizes stereotypical motor movements in autism by extracting and analyzing movement patterns from video and sensor data.
7824h agoA computational model with an episodic memory buffer retrieves and integrates past memories based on causal relationships between events, similar to how humans represent events and recall memories.
7828h agoThe magnitude of a stimulus's representation in a neural network predicts its memorability, and this effect is found in images and words but not in voices.
7828h agoLysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) with a palmitoyl group (16:0 LPE) reduces secondary injury and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
7828h agoFabry disease sensory neurons show dysregulation of disease-related pathways, including axon guidance, and have shorter neurite length, which can be partly improved by alpha-galactosidase A enzyme supplementation.
7828h agoThe claustrum plays a key role in stress regulation by integrating GABAergic and glutamatergic microcircuits to facilitate allostasis, and chronic stress disrupts this balance, leading to anxiety and depression-like behaviors.
7828h agoCuriosity helps learning and memory, and it changes with age, with older adults relying more on initial curiosity and less on seeking information driven by surprise.
7828h agoIntracellular calcium signaling regulates excitatory and inhibitory synapses independently, allowing cortical circuits to stabilize activity while keeping variability and flexibility for computation.
7832h agoA biologically inspired place cell architecture develops cognitive maps during exploration of novel environments, allowing a simulated agent to efficiently navigate and adapt to changing reward locations in a single attempt.
7832h agoImbalance in brain excitation and inhibition during a critical period of development leads to social deficits characteristic of autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy.
7832h agoBehavioral state, such as locomotion speed, modifies the sensory tuning of individual neurons in the mouse visual cortex to combine sensory and movement-related signals.
7832h agoAutism risk genes are expressed differently in males and females, with female brains showing higher expression of these genes, and X chromosome genes contribute greatly to autism vulnerability in males.
7832h agoRecurrent inhibition is a key circuit motif that controls the functional states of stress regulatory neurons, allowing for rapid shifts between low-activity and high-activity states in response to stress.
7832h agoThe brain's posterior parietal cortex helps determine the optimal timescale for evaluating evidence, and its neurons adjust their activity based on the strength of evidence and decision time to guide choices.
7832h agoDifferences in chromatin accessibility and specific histone marks underlie age-related differences in myelin repair capacity and vulnerability to injury in human oligodendrocytes.
7832h agoThe developing brain changes from a highly excitable state to a more stable one as it matures, with its sensitivity to disruptions decreasing over time.
7832h agoGrid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex encode reward distance during path integration tasks, and their activity resets at rewards to support goal-directed navigation.
7832h agoNeurons can compensate for dendritic spine loss by enlarging remaining spines and regenerating new ones, which may contribute to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.
7832h agoCAG repeats in the Huntingtin gene trigger repeat-associated non-AUG translation, generating proteins that contribute to neuronal toxicity and potentially pathogenicity.
7832h agoSensory over-responsivity is associated with higher levels of autistic traits and anxiety symptoms, and lower levels of conduct disorder symptoms, and is linked to distinct patterns of brain connectivity.
7832h agoGephyrin organizes into higher-order complexes through a stable dimeric assembly, which forms the basis for linear and oblique tetramers and linear hexameric arrangements.
7832h agoZolpidem restores NREM sleep, reduces amyloid plaque burden, and improves memory consolidation in young APP/PS1 mice, slowing Alzheimer's progression.
7832h agoNutrient access affects neuron communication in the brain's satiation network by regulating a specific protein called O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which helps control how neurons respond to food and metabolic changes.
7832h agoEndothelial damage in peripheral nerves occurs early in ALS, causing blood-nerve barrier dysfunction, and contributes to neurodegeneration before vascular changes in the central nervous system and motor neuron pathology.
7832h agoA new model called BiND decodes bimanual hand movements from brain recordings more accurately than existing models, achieving an average accuracy of 0.76 for single-handed and 0.69 for two-handed movements.
7836h agoOscillatory neural networks can be successfully implemented in analog-electronic hardware while maintaining their computational performance, but precision differences between analog and digital systems can affect classification accuracy.
7836h agoNeuron populations can transmit information through spatial spike patterns, using a sparse coding based on firing rate variance, especially when stimuli are weak.
7836h agoA new geometry-aware deep learning framework balances training accuracy and adversarial robustness by sculpting internal representations of deep neural networks to promote intra-class compactness and inter-class separation.
7836h agoLarge Language Models fundamentally lack working memory, which hinders their ability to retain and manipulate latent information, leading to unreal conversations, self-contradiction, and struggles with mental reasoning tasks.
7836h agoA data-driven framework that uses a multi-layer perceptron to learn macroscopic brain dynamics from simulations of spiking neurons produces more realistic whole-brain models than traditional analytical models.
7836h agoThe Martin-Siggia and Rose approach to statistical turbulence leads to a Bethe-Salpeter equation for the three-point correlation of the velocity field, which can be used to improve existing closures.
7836h agoSparse optimization methods for discovering governing equations of chaotic systems produce models that depend on the measurement procedure but generate virtually identical chaotic attractors.
7836h agoA network of identical Kuramoto oscillators with broken rotational symmetry exhibits multiple collective states, including oscillation death, global synchronization, and multicluster dynamics, which are linked to distinct parameter regimes through bifurcation mechanisms.
7836h agoThe dominant vertices of a Boolean network determine the network's dynamics, and a reduced graph of these vertices has the same attractor structure as the original network.
7836h agoA new control method called uncertainty-aware reservoir predictive path integral control enables fast learning of nonlinear dynamics and improves control performance, reducing control costs by up to 60%.
7836h agoA hybrid quantum-classical reservoir architecture accurately forecasts complex dynamics in fluid systems by combining quantum evolution with classical memory enhancement.
7836h agoThe nature of late-time hydrodynamic tails of autocorrelation functions in classical spin systems is determined by the dynamical critical exponent and equilibrium thermodynamic properties.
7836h agoNeuron populations can transmit information through spatial spike patterns, using a sparse coding based on firing rate variance, especially when stimuli are weak.
7836h agoNumerical simulations reveal that ion turbulent transport in tokamak plasmas driven by drift-type turbulence has approximate ergodicity, stationarity, and time-symmetry.
7836h agoA discrete space-time lattice with a local perturbation shows a singular distribution of Lyapunov exponents, with most exponents vanishing and nonzero exponents corresponding to exponentially localized Lyapunov vectors, and exhibits Kardar-Parisi-Zhang scaling in transport behavior.
7836h agoPheromone feedback between ants and trails can lead to sustained oscillations in the flow of ants in and out of their nest.
7836h agoA framework for characterizing higher-order topological phases uses the one-particle density matrix to directly identify bulk and boundary topology without needing an underlying Hamiltonian.
7836h agoDNA-based networks can be optimized using directed evolution to perform complex computing tasks, such as predicting non-linear time series, and adapt to multiple tasks over time.
7836h agoA hybrid quantum-classical reservoir architecture accurately forecasts complex dynamics in fluid systems by combining quantum evolution with classical memory enhancement.
7836h agoNeuron populations can transmit information through spatial spike patterns, using a sparse coding based on firing rate variance, especially when stimuli are weak.
7836h agoThe Gravity from Entropy approach to quantum gravity leads to the Perona-Malik algorithm for image processing, which preserves sharp contours and complex structures.
7836h agoA new computational method predicts which high entropy oxides can be synthesized by using a machine-learned interatomic potential to identify promising candidates based on their cation energy variance and enthalpy of mixing.
7836h agoIRF8 in microglia plays a major role in controlling anxiety in a sex-dependent manner, with its deficiency leading to increased anxiety in female mice due to redox dysregulation and higher production of reactive oxygen species.
7836h agoNMUR2, a receptor for Neuromedin S, plays an essential role in regulating sleep patterns and responding to sleep and circadian challenges in mice.
7836h agoA new deep learning framework called PRIME predicts cortical excitability from raw EEG signals, enabling personalized and adaptive transcranial magnetic stimulation across any cortical region.
7836h agoMutations in the WDR45 gene lead to dysfunctional microglia that contribute to beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) through a chronic pro-inflammatory state.
7836h agoThe neural mechanisms of adolescent substance use change over time, with brain-behavior connections becoming more accurately predictive of substance use vulnerabilities at follow-up than at baseline.
7836h agoThe brain uses different neural mechanisms to make economic decisions based on the type of choice, with commodity-based choices relying on attractor dynamics and order-based choices relying on rotational dynamics.
7836h agoThe extended amygdala's two subdivisions, the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, respond to different types of threat, with the central nucleus responding to uncertain threat and the bed nucleus responding to certain threat.
7836h agoDamage to newly generated oligodendrocytes impairs sustained attention, and myelin plasticity in adulthood may contribute to attention and complex task performance.
7836h agoThe characteristics of DIANA signals are likely caused by pseudo-steady state (PSS) oscillations, suggesting that DIANA signals may not represent neuronal responses to sensory stimulation.
7836h agoReducing Connexin43 expression in astrocytes of the dorsal vagal complex does not change the metabolic phenotype in mice, despite its high expression and previous evidence linking it to energy balance regulation.
7836h agoOptimizing CBV VASO on a high-performance scanner allows mapping layer function in the hippocampus with high accuracy, revealing layer-specific differences and brain circuitry between subcortical and cortical regions.
7836h agoBiophysical simulations with different geometries, field offset calculations, and water diffusion implementations produce similar results when assuming a small intravascular signal contribution, but two commonly used approaches are notably biased.
7836h agoPMP22, a protein linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, interacts with various proteins, including those involved in cell adhesion and myelin production, and enzymes that help make sphingolipids.
7836h agoThe prenatal chemosensory systems of the water vole mature remarkably early, with the main olfactory bulb showing adult-like organization and the vomeronasal system undergoing conspicuous structural differentiation by embryonic day 21.
7836h agoProximity of the entorhinal cortex to the tentorial incisura and other skull base structures may trigger tau pathology, increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease progression.
7836h agoThe parabrachial nucleus (PbN) processes not just taste but also integrates gustatory, olfactory, and somatosensory information, with its population responses to foods and tastes shaped by the motor patterns required for ingestion.
7836h agoPrenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress reduces social behavior in offspring by altering brain chemistry, specifically by changing the expression of a receptor for vasopressin, a hormone involved in social behavior regulation.
7836h agoAfterimages engage overlapping brain activity with perceptually matching images, particularly in visual sensory regions, but with weaker signals in many areas and enhanced activity in salience network regions.
7836h agoTexture-like representations, which are global summaries of local image statistics, mainly explain the similarity between deep neural networks and human visual processing.
7836h agoMice rely on temporal cues to perceive pitch because their auditory system processes sound in a way that prioritizes timing over other sound features.
7840h agoGalectin-9 acts as a checkpoint molecule that regulates the proliferation of neural stem cells under physiological conditions and during recovery after ischemic stroke.
7840h agoSynaptic transmission and light scattering spread activation beyond the illuminated area during optogenetic stimulation, but neuronal morphology helps sharpen activation by limiting the impact of light dispersion.
7844h agoTask engagement aligns population activity in the orbitofrontal cortex along a confidence axis, enabling the use of decision confidence to guide behavior.
7844h agoThe dorsal hippocampus, specifically the dentate gyrus and CA3 regions, plays a critical role in retrieving indirectly learned associations through second-order conditioning.
7848h agoChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder have diminished eye movement responses and greater variability when reacting to predictable visual cues, similar to previously observed impaired brain entrainment.
7852h agoAstrocytes can internalize and degrade misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates, and their ability to do so helps mitigate the spread of these aggregates between neurons, which contributes to Parkinson's Disease progression.
7852h agoThe common marmoset provides a useful animal model for studying myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain, with injected nerve growth factor causing reduced pain thresholds and changes in daily rhythms.
7852h agoNeurons in the deep layers of the lateral entorhinal cortex are likely where object-place associations are formed and updated when the environment changes.
7856h agoMental imagery and vision share similar brain activity patterns, but imagery patterns have fewer active dimensions and are reoriented, occupying a distinct subspace within the brain's overall activity space.
7856h agoNeurons exhibit frequency-specific firing, with 27% showing increased or decreased firing at specific oscillatory frequencies, mainly in the low-theta range.
7856h agoFetal brain controllability follows a U-shaped developmental curve during the perinatal period, with a minimum at approximately 35 gestational weeks, and is disrupted by preterm birth.
7856h agoSimilar memories are formed when people share similar brain activity patterns in the Default Mode Network during an event, and this similarity in brain activity predicts similar recall of the event.
7856h agoGenetic factors are linked to most variations in white matter microstructure, and glial cell-related genes play a role in age-related changes in the brain's structural wiring.
7856h agoThe motor system coordinates bimanual reaching movements by balancing the need for coordination with flexibility to adapt to different load conditions, and temporal synchronization between hands depends on the type and symmetry of loads.
7856h agoMulti-echo pipelines generally outperform single-echo pipelines in denoising efficacy for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, but no single pipeline is optimal for both denoising and behavioral prediction.
7856h agoTemporal normalization explains why perception is limited across time, as it causes contrast-dependent suppression between sequential stimuli, decreasing perceptual sensitivity to a target's orientation.
7856h agoPeople with tinnitus and those without it show differences in auditory steady state response amplitude, which may be due to changes in neural synchronisation, attention, and brain chemistry.
7856h agoTraining with a delayed feedback paradigm that induces retention of a novel myoelectric skill allows for transfer of that skill to prosthesis control.
7856h agoA data-driven framework using a multi-layer perceptron can learn macroscopic brain dynamics from simulations of spiking neurons, producing more realistic whole-brain models than current analytical models.
7860h agoA Mamba-based model effectively analyzes EEG data for neurological disorder diagnosis, achieving an AUROC of 0.72 in detecting seizures.
7860h agoA streaming test-time adaptation method combining entropy minimization with batch-norm statistic refresh improves sleep staging models on patients with unseen physiology or recording conditions.
7860h agoThird- and higher-order cyclic correlations in synaptic connectivities greatly impact neuronal dynamics by suppressing chaotic activity and promoting oscillatory or fixed activity.
7860h agoHuman cognition is shaped by the environments in which it unfolds, and learning and decision making can be explained as a principled adaptation to the statistical structure of real-world tasks.
7860h agoThe receptive field shapes in the primary visual cortex expand over the degrees of freedom of geometric image transformations to enable a formal matching between responses computed under different viewing conditions.
7860h agoA balance between maximizing utility and minimizing resource use is achieved through a phase transition in inference, where a strategic trade-off between information gain and task performance leads to effective but resource-efficient control under uncertainty.
7860h agoNeural networks with multiple memory states can be stable under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, with stability depending on neural activity patterns and the type of neuron activation function used.
7860h agoForgetting at a certain rate allows a walker to learn and localize around a resource site faster, without compromising learning, by saving memory.
7860h agoEach integrable evolution equation of the KdV type has a collection of miscellaneous continuous, semi-discrete, and discrete integrable systems associated with it.
7860h agoThe pH oscillations in the urea-urease reaction within giant lipid vesicles are caused by an underlying biochemical asymmetry in the differential transport across the vesicle membrane.
7860h agoRotating black holes surrounded by dark matter can scramble information as efficiently as physical laws allow when dark matter concentration is high.
7860h agoThe long-time asymptotics of small Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) solutions are derived from the inverse scattering theory and the stationary phase method.
7860h agoQuantum correlations, measured by global quantum discord and quantum Fisher information, interact with a single mode Fock field in a multi two-level system that includes Kerr-like non-linearity effects, parametric amplification, and intrinsic decoherence.
7860h agoQ-ball--anti-Q-ball collisions reveal chaotic behaviour in the thin-wall regime due to resonant energy transfer triggered by internal modes and ephemeral states.
7860h agoThe multiplex structure of networks amplifies or suppresses co-circulating infections, and specific conditions drive persistent epidemic patterns depending on pathogen virulence, diffusion rates, and cross-diffusion.
7860h agoControl theory provides a unifying framework for understanding how biological systems regulate their dynamics to maintain stability across different length and time scales.
7860h agoLarger oligomers improve the resilience of a gene autoregulating feedback loop by preserving the equilibrium concentration of transcription factors despite noise.
7860h agoControlling laser-induced pattern formation is challenging, but researchers have now found that competing feedback mechanisms drive distinct chemical and ablative processes, allowing for selective activation and suppression of different patterns by tuning laser parameters.
7860h agoThe global variant of a four-dimensional gauge theory determines its spectrum of Wilson-'t Hooft line operators, which in turn affects the structure of gapped vacua, symmetries, and modular invariance when spacetime is compactified.
7860h agoThe most efficient strategy for agents in the parallel Minority Game is to have a memory of their last visit to their alternative choice.
7860h agoDynamic quantum circuits can generate states that depend on previous measurement results, and a new optical reset model allows for more flexibility in constructing these circuits on optical platforms.
7860h agoRydberg atoms in a fractal lattice exhibit phases where spins flip one-by-one, and the theoretical results match experiments performed with single atoms trapped by optical tweezers.
7860h agoQuasiperiodic systems with correlated hopping exhibit reentrant localization transitions, where previously localized electronic states become delocalized again within a specific parameter window due to the interplay between quasiperiodic on-site disorder and correlated hopping.
7860h agoNeural networks with multiple memory states can be stable under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, with stability depending on neural activity patterns and the type of neuron activation function used.
7860h agoLarge overparametrized machine learning models exhibit a separation of timescales in their training dynamics, leading to the emergence of a slow timescale, inductive bias towards small complexity, and a decoupling between feature learning and overfitting regimes.
7860h agoPhysics-inspired algorithms, including coherent Ising machines and Hopfield neural networks, are effective in solving combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging nonlinear dynamics.
7860h agoThird- and higher-order cyclic correlations in synaptic connectivities greatly impact neuronal dynamics by suppressing chaotic activity and promoting oscillatory or fixed activity.
7860h agoParticles in a system respond differently to temperature changes and compression, with rapid temperature equalization but slow structural changes, especially in glassy states.
7860h agoGeometric entanglement of nonconvex granular particles forms a network structure that undergoes a percolation transition when the number of links exceeds a critical threshold.
7860h agoPlasmid persistence in microbial communities can arise from the heterogeneity present in large and diverse communities, allowing plasmids to be maintained indefinitely even in the absence of positive selection.
7860h agoThe brain adapts movements to achieve motor goals by recalibrating internal representations of the body and tools, even in realistic 3D environments with immersive virtual reality and hand-held tools.
7860h agoA model of parallel belief states guides exploration and exploitation of feature-based attention during learning by tracking the relevance of multiple visual features.
7860h agoAdolescent stress impairs sociability, social memory, and object recognition memory, and reduces parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and perineuronal nets in adulthood, but minocycline treatment during or after stress exposure prevents these changes.
7860h agoSomatostatin released by O-LM interneurons inhibits pyramidal neuron excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission, and modulates intrinsic excitability and synaptic potentiation in pyramidal neurons.
7860h agoBacterial polysaccharides, especially peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, activate a sensory neuron in nematode worms, which in turn induces feeding-related behaviors.
7860h agoPV and FoxP2 neurons in the external globus pallidus regulate the flow of sensorimotor information within the basal ganglia during perceptual decision-making by encoding visual stimuli, movement, and trial outcomes in distinct ways.
7860h agoBrain regions, particularly the vmPFC and mid-posterior insula, encode emotional facial expressions in terms of both discrete emotion categories and underlying affective dimensions such as arousal and valence.
7860h agoA rapid, heterosynaptic plasticity rule allows neural networks to quickly adapt to changing environments and tasks by using interactions between pre-synaptic activity and instructive signals.
7860h agoMice can learn to directly control a miniature prosthetic forelimb with their brains and use it to solve tasks in 2D and 3D space.
7860h agoGABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus mainly project to the medial division of the medial geniculate body and contralateral inferior colliculus, and they constitute a larger proportion of neurons projecting to these areas than their overall proportion in the inferior colliculus.
7860h agoPlace cells in humans and rats have different properties, with rodent place cells showing a broader range of spatial tuning and human place cells being less strongly tuned.
7860h agoEfficient coding recovers key features of early olfactory processing by maximizing mutual information one layer at a time, under realistic biophysical assumptions.
7860h agoThe 5-HT3A receptor regulates the balance between behavioral persistence and flexibility, with its normal function biasing this balance toward persistence.
7860h agoEpidural stimulation of the spinal cord evokes distinct electrophysiological responses, including compound action potentials, doublets, synaptic activity potentials, and electromyographic signals, with different physiological origins.
7860h agoMicroglia show distinct gene expression changes based on their location in relation to plaques in Alzheimer's disease, with specific genes upregulated only in microglia directly contacting plaques.
7860h agoCo-expressing GAD65 in glutamatergic subthalamic neurons to release both GABA and glutamate helps restore balance to motor control and reduces abnormal movements in Parkinson's disease model rats.
7864h agoThe Brain/MINDS population-based 3D digital brain atlas version 2.0 provides a comprehensive whole-brain parcellation of 636 regions, integrating data from multiple brains and imaging modalities to support cross-modal registration, data integration, and comparative neuroscience.
7864h agoIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients selectively avoid thinking about bloating-related stimuli, and anxiety worsens this avoidance, which is a unique pattern different from anxiety-related thinking.
7868h agoIncreased variability in brain connections between the default-mode network, cerebellum, and dorsal attention network is associated with higher rumination in adolescents.
7868h agoMotor representations in the brain become more differentiated with learning, but object representations remain stable, even when their temporal order is learned.
7868h agoAUTOTAC, a new therapeutic approach, selectively degrades misfolded TDP-43 protein aggregates, a hallmark of ALS, and shows disease-modifying efficacy in ALS model mice.
7868h agoA commercially available anti-Iba1 antibody made in goat produces irregular staining patterns in specific regions of the mouse brain, labeling more cells than expected and colocalizing with vasopressin neurons, whereas anti-Iba1 antibodies made in other species do not show these errors.
7872h agoMitochondrial DNA damage in astrocytes disrupts their function, leading to loss of dopamine-producing neurons and worsening of Parkinson's disease symptoms.
7872h agoA subtype of dopamine neurons undergo a transient axon overgrowth followed by selective pruning during metamorphosis, which is controlled by neuron-intrinsic AKT-GSK3β signaling and extrinsic glial activity.
7872h agoAged brains show altered organization and molecular identity of memory traces, with changes in engram allocation, reactivation stability, and gene expression patterns during memory retrieval.
7872h agoSignaling molecules and transcription factors establish and maintain neural cell identities during neurogenesis by acting in a coordinated and multi-step regulatory program.
7872h agoAmyloid beta and LPS trigger distinct transcriptional responses in microglia, with amyloid beta inducing disease-associated gene expression changes and LPS causing broad inflammatory activation and cell death.
7872h agoIncreased functional connection between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the default mode network is associated with age-related decline in cognitive control, particularly in people aged 30 and older.
7876h agoOligodendrocytes use a specific protein complex called AP2 to form and maintain myelin sheaths around nerve cells, and problems with this complex can lead to abnormal myelin growth and structure.
7876h agoEnriched experience reorganizes cortical circuits into a symmetric network with balanced inhibition, which improves coding efficiency and supports categorical knowledge.
7876h agoCaMKII mRNA localizes to dendritic spines, where it is translated on-site, to maintain long-lasting synaptic plasticity by supplying a steady pool of CaMKII.
7876h agoThe congruency sequence effect emerges in behavior and brain activity when responses repeat, and is driven by theta-band activity between 450-550ms post stimulus onset.
7876h agoPeople with developmental dyslexia do not adjust their brain's tracking of speech rhythms in response to less clear speech, and this is linked to their phonological awareness and reading performance.
7876h agoLarge artery dilatation directly contributes to Alzheimer's disease progression by accelerating amyloid plaque formation, neuronal loss, and impaired protein clearance.
7876h agoM6A modification regulates RNA transport and local translation in axons of developing sympathetic neurons, controlling protein expression and preventing premature translation.
7876h agoRestoring TDP-43 function with a brain-permeable gene therapy approach rescues neuron loss, memory deficits, and abnormal neuronal activity in a model of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
7880h agoHuman cognition reflects adaptive alignment to the statistical structure of everyday problems, as shown by a new computational framework called Ecologically Rational Meta-learned Inference (ERMI) that captures human behavior across 15 experiments on learning and decision making.
7884h agoLSTM neural networks accurately distinguish healthy from disordered sleep 93.3% of the time, and up to 95% with fusion techniques, using EEG recordings.
7884h agoThe study compares and contrasts three theories of consciousness - Integrated Information Theory, Neurorepresentationalism, and Active Inference - to assess their similarities, differences, and predictive power.
7884h agoThe amplitude of the neural response function indicates conscious state, with strong and widespread responsiveness during wakefulness, suppressed responsiveness during anesthesia, and elevated responsiveness during recovery.
7884h agoThe retina's processing of natural stimuli remains poorly understood due to model complexity issues, but new approaches such as task-based reductionism and biologically constrained models may help overcome these limitations.
7884h agoRecent advances in computational techniques have enabled individualized optimization of transcranial electrical stimulation by allowing for dynamic and subject-specific stimulation planning.
7884h agoEye movements during visual exploration tasks can be used to automatically screen for Parkinson's Disease, with a combination of gaze-based features and machine learning achieving a high accuracy of 0.95.
7884h agoDeep Cluster Atlas (DCA) generates individualized brain maps that improve analysis of brain imaging data by creating functionally coherent and spatially contiguous regions.
7884h agoThe neural response to visual motion depends on contrast and context, and adapts to match the integration time to the mean interval between spikes, reducing redundancy.
7884h agoThe receptive field shapes of simple cells in the primary visual cortex are covariant under geometric image transformations, meaning their shapes are expanded over the degrees of freedom of the corresponding image transformations.
7884h agoDeep learning methods, specifically EEGNet, improve deception detection accuracy to 86.67% in electroencephalogram-based concealed information tests, especially when stimulus familiarity is high.
7884h agoArtificial neural networks function as adaptive systems where training is driven by the coupling of strongly activated, task-specific neurons, leading to a balance of neuronal contributions that enables generalization capacity.
7884h agoPyNoetic, a modular BCI framework, enables researchers to design and develop brain-computer interfaces with an intuitive GUI, minimal programming experience, and adaptability at each design stage, covering the entire BCI design pipeline from stimulus presentation to simulation and visualization.
7884h agoA new method that uses inertial measurement unit data to identify motion-related artifacts in EEG signals improves the robustness of brain-computer interfaces under diverse motion scenarios.
7884h agoForgetting can help a walker learn and reach a steady state position faster, as long as it forgets at a rate slower than or equal to 1 over time, but faster forgetting leads to intermittent localization and diffusion.
7884h agoThe basal ganglia play a central role in organizing neural activity by synchronizing oscillations and synchrony between the cortex, thalamus, and other brain areas to facilitate contextually appropriate functional connections.
7884h agoNet2Brain, a new toolbox, allows comparison of representational spaces of artificial deep neural networks and human brain recordings, enabling extraction of activations from over 600 DNNs and analysis of their similarity to brain recordings.
7884h agoA MultiAxial network accurately segments whole-head MRIs, including those with abnormal anatomy, achieving a test-set Dice score of 0.88.
7884h agoCombining synapse pruning with a learning-based compensation strategy results in lightweight spiking Transformer models that are smaller and less computationally intensive while maintaining competitive performance.
7884h agoCarefully selecting design parameters, such as pumping rates and well locations, is crucial for enhancing mixing between two species using engineered injection and extraction systems that create chaotic advection.
7884h agoA reservoir computer with a low-dimensional read-out can learn to predict time-series by configuring a high number of oscillators into a few populations.
7884h agoMachine learning methods can classify fractal points with higher predictive accuracy and lower computational cost than traditional numerical approaches.
7884h agoThe solution to a Riemann-Hilbert problem constructs soliton solutions to a fifth-order nonlinear partial differential equation, which yields soliton solutions to the Sawada-Kotera equation under certain restrictions.
7884h agoClimate variability in Imphal, India shows a positive increase in maximum temperature over 73 years, and a new hybrid model effectively reproduces the observed dynamics of this temperature variability.
7884h agoActive matter systems can efficiently process information and change their computation method in response to different driving forces, making them well-suited for reservoir computing.
7884h agoIncluding global-range interactions allows Bethe Ansatz solutions to be applied to quantum systems beyond one-dimensional models.
7884h agoThe nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a three-edge star graph with linear localized inhomogeneities exhibits a symmetry-breaking bifurcation in a symmetric family of solutions, which is of the transcritical type and occurs at a precisely estimated bifurcation point.
7884h agoActive agents with time-delayed interactions can form stable patterns under certain conditions, which depend on factors such as inertia, time delays, and inter-agent coupling.
7884h agoThe amplitude of the neural response function indicates conscious state, with strong and widespread responsiveness during wakefulness, suppressed responsiveness during anesthesia, and elevated responsiveness during recovery.
7884h agoThe broad smoothing filter with saturable gain helps regulate the pulses' operating wavelength in a mode-locked laser by shifting the effective gain center based on pulse energy.
7884h agoChemical reactions can be designed to perform computations by combining a computational process with its execution environment, allowing the system to adapt to fluctuations and exhibit quantum-like coherence.
7884h agoKdV integrals serve as valuable indicators for detecting instabilities in Black Hole Quasi-Normal Modes and Greybody Factors.
7884h agoCombining dynamical systems theory and remote sensing techniques helps emergency services manage oil spills in real-time.
7884h agoThe multi-particle Calogero model can be extended to have infinite Weyl group symmetry of affine and hyperbolic type using infinite root systems generated from Coxeter orbits.
7884h agoCompressed elastic strips with modulated height alternate between predictable quasi-periodic and periodic buckling modes due to frequency lock-in.
7884h agoThe Kramers-Wannier duality concept is extended to a broad class of quantum lattice models, providing explicit expressions for the Kramers-Wannier operators.
7884h agoThe quantum hard-rods model shows Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior, with calculations revealing universal features of low energy physics of gapless quantum fluid.
7884h agoBoolForge is a Python toolbox that generates and analyzes Boolean networks with specified properties, including canalization, to help study complex biological processes.
7884h agoA system's stability requires only brief periods of returning to its original state within each cycle to achieve dynamic stability when its parameters vary over time.
7884h agoThe Dbar method is developed to study discrete integrable equations, providing a connection between this method and the direct linearization approach for lattice Korteweg-de Vries type equations.
7884h agoA data-driven method accurately reproduces the statistical properties and temporal correlations of cyclo-stationary time series, enabling efficient generation of synthetic trajectories.
7884h agoNoise acts as a control that steers stochastic systems along their most probable trajectories, which minimizes an action functional and corresponds to an optimal control strategy.
7884h agoThe 2-soliton solution to the modified Camassa-Holm equation is nonlinearly stable to perturbations in the Sobolev space $H^2$.
7884h agoThe mechanical behavior of graphene under tensile stress changes with temperature, with fracture stress, strain, and Young modulus decreasing almost linearly as temperature increases.
7884h agoAn electrical all-bands-flat lattice is constructed, and compact localized states are generated within it, with experimental results matching tight-binding predictions.
7884h agoA new algorithm called generalized simulated bifurcation can solve large-scale combinatorial optimization problems with almost 100% success probability by harnessing the edge of chaos, shortening the time to solution to 10 milliseconds.
7884h agoArtificial neural networks function as adaptive systems where training is driven by the coupling of strongly activated, task-specific neurons, leading to a balance of neuronal contributions that enables generalization capacity.
7884h agoPhysical networks made of nanoscale components can harness nonlinear dynamics for learning, offering a promising route to energy-efficient, brain-like intelligence in resource-constrained environments.
7884h agoStudying a neural network's phase diagram provides intuition about the optimal choice of hyperparameters for stochastic gradient descent.
7884h agoGeometric entanglement causes nonconvex granular particles to form solid-like structures, and a percolation transition occurs in these entangled particles when the number of links exceeds a critical threshold.
7884h agoMachine learning models that include physical concepts like short range order and crystal structure class, and dopant properties, better predict thermoelectric material properties, especially doping effects.
7884h agoAdaptive systems evolve toward a marginally absorbing manifold that encodes memory of past conditions, enabling them to learn and retain memory under environmental change.
7884h agoIncreasing transmission capacity is needed to nearly eliminate vehicle operational CO2 emissions through electrification as renewable energy replaces nonrenewable sources.
7884h agoPlasmid persistence in microbial communities can arise from the heterogeneity present in large and diverse communities, allowing plasmids to be maintained indefinitely even in the absence of positive selection.
7884h agoA quantum system relaxes more rapidly through a two-step evolution protocol than through direct evolution under a symmetric Hamiltonian alone, with a transient asymmetric evolution significantly accelerating thermalization or convergence to the ground state.
7884h agoA model that uses neural networks to incorporate node covariate variables improves the recovery of initial states and spreading trajectories in stochastic processes on graphs.
7884h agoThe dynamics of the one-dimensional XY model with random magnetic field and sparse ZZ terms shows Lieb-Robinson bounds with a logarithmic lightcone and amplitude proportional to the inverse of the ZZ coupling constant.
7884h agoThe study links p-adic numbers and kernels through a large deviation theory for mean-field spin glasses, and interprets the Derrida's Generalized Random Energy Model as a random numerical base.
7884h agoThe Topological Breakdown Model explains the metastable domain patterns in potassium-tantalate-niobate crystals near the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition through competition between domain-domain interactions and polarization-charge screening.
7884h agoThe asymptotic behavior of Gibbs measure in mean-field vector spin glasses is described by a critical point of an explicit functional, with different types of spins showing corresponding replica-symmetry-breaking structures.
7884h agoThe free energy of systems with many interacting stochastic constituents can be computed using Feynman diagrams, which helps to organize perturbative series terms and can be applied to a wide range of problems.
7884h agoBond percolation on the Song-Havlin-Makse network remains in a nonpercolating phase for all probabilities less than 1 when the network is fractal, but exhibits a critical phase for all probabilities when the network is small-world.
7884h agoRandom fluctuations in material parameters can suppress wave propagation and induce localization in time-varying media.
7884h agoTopological edge states emerge in one-dimensional off-diagonal mosaic lattices with periodically modulated nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes, and they remain robust under off-diagonal disorder.
7884h agoLeptin signaling deficiency contributes to age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology, including metabolic dysfunction, memory impairments, and abnormal protein buildup.
7888h agoSpiking recurrent neural networks with biologically grounded features, specifically Dale's law and voltage-dependent synaptic reversal potentials, are more accurate and energy-efficient, cutting spike energy by up to 4x while increasing task accuracy.
7892h agoGSDME acts as a switch linking calcium release to astrocyte-driven neurotoxicity, leading to astrocytes changing from protective to toxic states and propagating toxicity through exosomes.
7892h agoTau protein aggregates are present in specific brain regions of Parkinson's disease patients, including small aggregates not detectable by standard methods, and may contribute to striatal dysfunction.
7892h agoTDP-43 pathology causes cryptic splicing and downregulation of genes critical for membrane excitability and synaptic function, leading to impaired neuronal function in neurodegenerative diseases.
7892h agoSodium ions have opposing effects on mu and kappa-opioid receptors, acting as a negative modulator on mu receptors and a negative modulator of binding but positive modulator of conformational transitions and signaling on kappa receptors.
7892h agoDifferent versions of the neurexin1 gene have varying effects on behavior when expressed in C. elegans, with some partially rescuing behavioral defects and others inducing new phenotypes.
7892h agoMutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome, and researchers have identified a set of proteins in the brain that can serve as biomarkers to monitor disease progression and response to therapy.
7892h agoSixty minutes of cycling causes a change in brain network dynamics, reducing synchronization between the striatum and frontoparietal networks.
7896h agoLarval zebrafish have distinct deep and light sleep sub-states that are regulated by different brain chemicals and respond differently to sleep deprivation and arousing stimuli.
7896h agoAperiodic features of EEG power spectra outperform oscillatory features in tracking vigilance as a continuous variable, showing a stronger and more linear relationship with objective and subjective indices of vigilance.
7896h agoPremature birth disrupts normal brain development, causing lasting differences in the growth, structure, and function of the cerebellum, a part of the brain that controls coordination and balance.
7896h agoMutations in the Glucocerebrosidase gene impair lysosomal function, leading to mitochondrial problems and increased risk of Parkinson's disease.
7900h agoElectrical stimulation elicits excitatory, inhibitory, and mixed responses in human cortical microcircuits, with response magnitude depending on stimulation parameters and decaying with distance.
7900h agoEarly life stress changes how animals handle threats later in life by shifting their coping strategies from passive to active, and resilient animals have a more diverse and flexible behavioral response to stress.
7900h agoNeurons do not change the length of a key structure called the axon initial segment in response to changes in activity levels.
7904h agoThe human brain develops its functional architecture in three stages - child-like, transitional, and adult-like configurations - at different rates for different frequency bands, and individual traits like IQ and social anxiety influence this developmental pace.
7904h agoThe dorsomedial prefrontal cortex builds and sustains an abstract representational bridge that links planning to action, enabling the translation of plans into concrete action sequences.
7904h agoEthnicity and race characteristics shape the brain's functional connections in a hierarchical pattern along the sensorimotor-association axis, and these differences are linked to lifestyle factors and gene expression patterns.
7904h agoHierarchical Bayesian models accurately estimate interoceptive sensitivity, bias, and precision in cardiac and respiratory domains, allowing for efficient analysis with limited data.
7904h agoDigital Twin for Chemical Science (DTCS) connects theory with spectroscopic measurements, enabling the interpretation of spectra and supporting real-time decision-making in chemical characterization through a bidirectional feedback loop.
7908h agoThe brain's activity shows an anti-correlated structure across global and local scales, with regions in the dorsal attention network aligned between local and global state transitions, allowing the brain to maintain internal representations while responding to environmental changes.
7908h agoThe brain pre-activates predicted sensory information before it happens, and actively generated stimuli elicit stronger brain responses than passively presented ones, supporting the opposing processes theory.
7908h agoHuman brain development is longer and more complex than in other mammals because human brain cells have lower rates of fatty acid oxidation, which slows down their development.
7908h agoPain-related neural patterns interact with anesthesia-related patterns, and pain responses under anesthesia depend on the anesthesia phase.
7908h agodI3 neurons play a key role in comparing internal predictions and external sensory feedback to make rapid corrections to ongoing movements.
7908h agoInhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase improves fatty acid balance and recovers dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, offering a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
7908h agoStandard motion correction methods are adequate for processing high temporal resolution functional Positron Emission Tomography data, and new techniques do not substantially improve mitigation of motion artefacts.
7908h agoThe brain modifies its representations of events when experiences are repeated, with some areas maintaining stable event structures and others changing to become more or less detailed.
7908h agoEmotions in dreams are fluid and fast-changing, with positive and negative emotions often occurring in quick succession, and positive emotions tend to emerge earlier than negative ones.
7908h agoIndividuals with treatment-resistant depression have disrupted white matter microstructure and altered structural connectivity in specific brain circuits that control motivation, reward, and emotional regulation.
7912h agoA reversible generative adversarial network generates synthetic diffusion tensor imaging scalar maps from structural brain MRI, allowing for a single-step translation and offering competitive accuracy in sex classification and Alzheimer's disease classification.
7912h agoElevated brain iron levels are present in Alzheimer's disease, as shown by higher magnetic susceptibility values in the globus pallidus and dentate nucleus in people with Alzheimer's compared to healthy controls.
7912h agoNeurons with high predictive power in decoding visual stimuli form a dense and strong network, and their activity and connections differ between when they are processing a visual stimulus and when they are not.
7912h agoFacial age estimation by humans and artificial intelligence is imprecise due to a critical shortcoming in current methods, which can be improved with a novel measure that eliminates response bias.
7912h agoScientists generate human sensory neurons from stem cells that mimic native neurons and respond to itch-promoting signals, allowing for potential new approaches to model and treat itchy skin diseases.
7912h agoEstrogen and biological sex are risk factors for sleep disorders, with estrogen suppressing sleep in females by increasing adenosine, and astrocytes in the brain have sex-dependent effects on sleep and sleep drive.
7916h agoMice rapidly learn to track odor trails by combining immediate sensory information with a short-term memory of the trail geometry and statistics.
7916h agoSynthetic brain MRI data generated using a Diffusion Transformer model shows high fidelity and anatomical coherence, and can enhance model performance in dementia classification tasks.
7916h agoDeep learning models that combine MRI with demographic, clinical, and genetic data can classify six co-occurring neuropathologies in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
7916h agoAccurate and consistent probe placement is crucial in fNIRS and EEG experiments; a new software, NeuroNavigatAR (NNAR), uses augmented reality and machine-learning to guide consistent headgear placement by estimating and displaying a subject's cranial and head landmarks in real-time, achieving a median position error of 1.52 cm.
7920h agoExogenous attention enhances contrast sensitivity for low to mid-range spatial frequencies within the foveola, but does not benefit higher spatial frequencies.
7920h agoTrpc4 interneurons in the spinal cord play a critical role in coordinating bladder-sphincter activity, regulating micturition reflexes, and gating visceral pain.
7920h agoSpiral ganglion neuron subtype Ia has larger post-synaptic densities and is more resilient to noise and aging than subtypes Ib and Ic.
7920h agoSimple Hebbian plasticity allows feed-forward neural networks to learn and propagate nonlinear coordinate systems, such as circular and toroidal manifolds, which are commonly found in neural systems across different species.
7920h agoDisgust propensity, but not disgust sensitivity, modulates neural responses to disgust-eliciting stimuli in specific brain regions, including the insula, caudate, and hippocampus.
7920h agoThe integrity of the locus coeruleus (LC) is linked to delayed memory and lower brain activity during encoding, and people with memory impairments have reduced LC integrity.
7920h agoNewly generated neurons in the killifish brain functionally integrate into existing circuits after traumatic brain injury, allowing for functional behavioral recovery.
7920h agoProgressive atrophy in semantic dementia disrupts the dynamic separation of language networks involved in semantic processing, phonological processing, and speech production, leading to distinct language impairments.
7928h agoDevelopmental vitamin A deficiency causes sex-specific alterations in reward processing in adulthood, leading to hyperactivity of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and related behavioral changes.
7928h agoFragile X syndrome is caused by changes in a protein that normally helps regulate cell growth and development, leading to increased cell proliferation and abnormal brain cell development.
7928h agoThe brain continues to predict and monitor relevant inputs even when a person disengages from the external environment and their mind wanders.
7928h agoThe visual system organizes objects in a hierarchical structure based on statistical patterns of visual information, and a similar structure is also present in a self-supervised deep neural network.
7928h agoInheritance of enhanced ability to learn complex tasks occurs in the mammalian brain, enabling offspring of trained rodents to be born with biophysical modifications that make them super-learners.
7928h agoContinuous experiences are represented in memory as a subset of key moments that capture the underlying narrative.
7928h agoMutations in IGHMBP2 cause spinal muscular atrophy and Charcot Marie Tooth disease, and mice with the IGHMBP2-R604X mutation develop severe symptoms, including short lifespan, respiratory problems, and impaired suckling.
7928h agoSynaptic delays, local excitation, and long-range inhibition in networks of integrate-and-fire neurons give rise to different patterns of macroscopic activity, including uniform oscillations, localized areas of sustained activity, and complex spatiotemporal dynamics.
7932h agoA homeostatic model that adjusts connection weights and rewires directed connections produces both heavy-tailed distributions of connection weights and complex network structures.
7932h agoThe Dirac equation, a fundamental concept in relativistic quantum mechanics, may emerge from a stochastic master equation, suggesting a link between quantum mechanics and brain dynamics.
7932h agoFlashing fireflies and chirping crickets often communicate at a frequency of 0.5-4 Hz, and this frequency range may be universal due to the biology of receiving neurons.
7932h agoTwo-photon optogenetic stimulation enables control of hundreds of specifically targeted neurons simultaneously, allowing flexible and rapid reconfiguration of stimulation patterns.
7932h agoSpiking neural networks with nonlinear pruning and dendritic integration achieve high sparsity with minimal performance degradation, outperforming other methods on several benchmark datasets.
7932h agoThe best memory competitors can memorize a 100-digit number in under 15 seconds by using evolved techniques and associations at the core of memory.
7932h agoVariational free energy accurately estimates how well a driver’s brain learns vehicle dynamics and performs steering tasks, correlating with both expert driver and general participant performance.
7932h agoNonisospectral integrable systems describe solitary waves in nonuniform media through three types of nonisospectral matrix modified Korteweg-de Vries equations and their solutions.
7932h agoA new method helps accurately estimate traffic conditions in severe congestion by filling in missing data from fiber-optic sensors that detect vehicle vibrations.
7932h agoThe analysis of a pattern-forming system with simultaneous Turing and Turing-Hopf instabilities reveals the existence of solutions that model spatial transitions between different patterns.
7932h agoEnvironmental variability and human mobility together promote the evolution of cooperation by disrupting defector groups and forming cooperator groups in resource-rich areas.
7932h agoHigher-order topological insulators with a new type of two-dimensional lattice have been experimentally demonstrated, supporting corner states of topological origin and nonlinear corner states.
7932h agoMagnetic solitons can form bound states, or molecules, through specific interactions, and these bound states exhibit intriguing dynamics when colliding with other solitons or bound states.
7932h agoA template with a unique elementary mixer describes the chaotic mechanism and dynamics of a chaotic attractor bounded by a genus-1 torus.
7932h agoThe Kuramoto model has necessary and sufficient conditions for distinct constants of motion to exist when it has heterogeneous phase lags on any weighted, directed, signed graph.
7932h agoOptical solitons can be stabilized in multimode nonlinear optical systems by using specific medium lengths that suppress mode coupling, allowing for efficient supercontinuum generation and pulse compression.
7932h agoThe study of a nanomechanical beam with two coupled bistable modes reveals four stable regions in the frequency domain, separated by curves where the system transitions between states.
7932h agoA new theory explains how structural glasses behave when their physical properties vary in one direction, predicting a specific spatial profile of the glass order parameter and matching previous study results on glass transitions.
7932h agoA novel approach introduces defects into a crystal lattice to create non-ergodic multifractal states, which exhibit anomalous slow dynamics and offer new pathways for quantum transport studies.
7932h agoDisorder enhances ferromagnetism in a ferromagnetic metal with repulsive interactions at zero temperature and can induce a ferromagnetic ground state in a non-ferromagnetic system, and also leads to a spin-glass phase at finite temperature beyond a critical disorder strength.
7932h agoLewy pathology accumulates at excitatory corticostriatal synapses and is associated with swollen axons, suggesting a possible contributor to cognitive decline in Lewy body diseases.
7936h agoThe circadian pacemaker regulates sleep through a feedback cycle between transcriptional and neural activity rhythms, involving dopamine signaling and the transcription factor Onecut, to promote daytime wakefulness.
7936h agoKilohertz neuronal electrical stimulation can induce diverse responses in brain neuron networks, ranging from regular spiking to chaotic behavior and complete activity suppression.
7940h agoFour neural states with distinct features predict worsening or improving bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease patients, challenging traditional views that focus on beta-band activity.
7940h agoThe novel radiotracer 7-[18F]Fluorotryptophan is safe for human use and can be used to study tryptophan metabolism in the brain and other parts of the body.
7944h agoLocusts that live in groups jump more in response to threats than those that live alone, and their brain cells involved in movement detection have different structures.
7944h agoTirzepatide reduces alcohol-related behaviors, including the rewarding properties of alcohol and voluntary alcohol consumption, and also affects physiological consequences associated with long-term alcohol use.
7944h agoSeizures spread through the brain by preferring specific pathways based on the balance of excitatory and inhibitory cells, rather than using all connected areas equally.
7944h agoMutations in tRNA synthetases cause a form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease by reducing protein synthesis in neurons, but axon regrowth and protein synthesis can be restored by stimulating axon regeneration.
7944h agoUsing larger and demographically matched reference samples improves the performance of brain deviation models in Alzheimer's disease research.
7944h agoConsistent motor responses, not just shared memory, drive sequential biases in tasks where stimulus features are shared but response modes differ.
7944h agoFrailty in older adults is linked to changes in brain connectivity, specifically in the Subcortical and Cerebellum network, particularly the caudate nucleus, which predicts individual differences in grip strength.
7948h agoShort-term synaptic depression provides an intrinsic self-regulating mechanism for balanced networks, sustaining irregular yet stable activity without the need for external inputs.
7948h agoThe new Jansen-Rit neural mass model, which incorporates inhibitory synaptic plasticity, successfully simulates brain dynamics and connectivity across different frequency bands and states, such as NREM sleep.
7948h agoMinocycline treatment reduces chronic pain in male mice with sickle cell disease by altering gut bacteria and reducing inflammation in a sex-specific way.
7948h agoPavlovian biases, specifically context biases and value decay, play a critical role in shaping decision-making and behavior over time, particularly in individuals with elevated suicide risk.
7948h agoSingle neurons in the brain that respond to both hue and luminance form a high-dimensional representation of these variables, which can be embedded in multiple separable representations.
7948h agoEarly-life stress causes different changes in the brain's amygdala in males and females, affecting how brain cells work and connect, and leading to problems with fear processing.
7948h agoA new model-based approach using Bayesian generalised additive multilevel models provides precise estimates of when neural effects start and stop, outperforming conventional methods in analysing magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) timeseries.
7948h agoThe organization of intrinsic neural timescales across the mouse brain shows longer timescales in the midbrain and hindbrain than in the forebrain, with spatial patterns of gene expression predicting timescale variation and a multiscale architecture governing neuronal dynamics.
7948h agoSocial position in animal groups results from the interplay between stable individual traits and group-level dynamics, and is made up of multiple, separate processes rather than a single behavioral trait.
7948h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in cooperation by encoding leadership dynamics and social value, with disruptions to this area impairing cooperation and altering decision-making in leader-follower roles.
7948h agoInhibitory connections activate neurons in the mPOA through post-inhibitory rebound firing, which is essential for male mating behavior.
7948h agoBlind expert echolocators integrate spatial cues from successive clicks to accurately localize objects, and neural representations in the brain distinguish echo location and predict performance from the first click.
7952h agoA specific microdeletion in the gephyrin gene disrupts inhibitory signal transmission, leads to neurological deficits, and triggers compensatory changes in excitatory synapses.
7952h agoNeurodevelopmental axonal defects caused by an embryonic RNA repeat initiate a motor phenotype and lead to adult motor dysfunction in a zebrafish model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 37.
7952h agoMicroglia with high CD74 expression are more frequent in Alzheimer's disease dementia and have a distinct amoeboid shape, and are involved in cytokine response, antigen presentation, and T cell regulation.
7956h agoN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors composed of GluN1, N2, and N3 subunits can be activated by co-binding of glycine and glutamate, exhibiting two distinct conductance levels.
7968h agoThe biological processes of aging directly contribute to the onset of Parkinson's disease symptoms in a mouse model, and targeting these processes can improve symptoms without affecting a-syn oligomers.
7968h agoMice move or wiggle a wheel to boost the visibility of low-contrast visual stimuli and improve their accuracy in making visual decisions.
7968h agoThe dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction help regulate switching between self and other perspectives, and stimulating these areas disrupts efficient return to a self-focused perspective.
7968h agoA measure of partner synchrony during dance can be feasibly collected using inertial sensors and is associated with instructor ratings and changes in mood.
7972h agoMultivariate pattern analysis is not immune to biases from intracortical veins, but careful modeling can help correct these effects.
7972h agoThe strength of synaptic inputs to globular bushy cells in the auditory system shapes sound encoding by influencing temporal precision and firing rates.
7972h agoSilicon neural probes with integrated optical emitters, electrodes, and microfluidic channels enable simultaneous optogenetic stimulation, electrophysiological recording, and localized drug delivery in deep brain regions.
7972h agoHeightened real-world uncertainty drives mental health symptoms of anxiety and depression, especially in people who are intolerant of uncertainty.
7972h agoSensory neurons suppress the auditory steady-state response more strongly when competing modulation frequencies are close to each other than when they are farther apart, and a normalization model explains this interaction.
7972h agoThe study finds that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by distinct gene expression patterns and activated stress-response and inflammatory pathways in specific cell types, including microglia and ventral inhibitory neurons.
7972h agoModified tau protein disrupts protein translation, potentially causing early ribosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, and this effect may occur in multiple tissues.
7972h agoSong familiarity relies on evidence accumulation, where individual notes in a familiar song act as evidence that gathers over time until a threshold is reached to make a familiarity decision.
7972h agoHelicobacter pylori infection leads to neurodegeneration through inflammatory mechanisms independent of -synuclein aggregation.
7972h agoChanges in fatty acid metabolism occur in the early stages of all-cause dementia pathology, and a panel of fatty acid biomarkers can improve diagnostic accuracy when used alongside traditional markers.
7972h agoMusic listening increases glucose consumption in brain areas related to auditory perception, motor control, and reward, including the auditory and motor cortices, nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex.
7976h agoOxytocin plays a crucial role in helping individuals form stable relationships in complex social networks by tuning sensory systems into a social processing state.
7976h agoSensorimotor learning involves routing stimulus information first to the sensory striatum, and then to frontal motor circuits.
7976h agoThe brain encodes hierarchical event sequences by using separate neural representations for global and local positions, with global positions linked to longer neural timescales and local positions tied to more detailed event information.
7976h agoIncreased alpha power before a complex search display is associated with faster search performance, and may reflect increased top-down control supporting visual search.
7976h agoCholinergic signaling in the neocortex reorganizes in specific frontal cortical areas as mice learn a visual task, leading to improved performance.
7976h agoEndocytosis remodels the neuronal surface proteome by removing and recycling over 1,100 proteins to drive cellular processes such as developmental axon pruning and axon targeting.
7976h agoPrimary cilia play a crucial role in mediating neuronal homeostatic plasticity, and dysfunction in these organelles impairs the ability of neurons to regulate their activity levels.
7988h agoAccurate segmentation of neurons and non-neuronal cells requires careful parameter tuning and a manual review, as automated methods have distinct strengths, weaknesses, and error patterns.
7988h agoNPYLR7 in rectal cells of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes helps sense nutritional cues and regulate egg development by communicating with the nervous system.
7988h agoMetaKSSD accelerates metagenomic profiling by combining k-mer sketching with marker-based methods.
7992h agoCombining gradient-echo BOLD with VASO contrast allows for differentiation between neural activity-related BOLD signals and those biased by draining veins, enabling the mapping of circuit-level mechanisms of memory retrieval in the hippocampus.
7992h agoBiogenic amines, such as octopamine, tyramine, dopamine, and serotonin, regulate learning and plasticity in honey bees by working together in the brain, and differences in these chemicals' responses predict how quickly bees learn to associate odors with rewards.
7992h agoVascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is driven by transcriptional changes in brain endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, which emerge early in the disease process and respond differently to beta-amyloid and tau pathology.
7992h agoDNAm levels in peripheral blood can inform brain cell type proportions, and correlations exist between blood and brain DNAm profiles, especially for immune cell types.
7992h agoCaloric restriction and resveratrol supplementation have limited effects on Alzheimer's disease-related pathology, with caloric restriction showing modest cognitive improvements and distinct effects on brain functional connectivity.
7992h agoThe map of the missing limb in the somatosensory cortex remains stable after arm amputation, with no reorganization of the hand or face areas.
7996h agoThe language network in the brain reorganizes itself after a stroke, with areas of disconnection in white matter tracts linked to language deficits, and this reorganization continues over time as language abilities recover.
8000h agoGABAergic neuronal excitability determines lithium responsiveness in bipolar disorder and shapes the emergence of state-shift dynamics in neural networks.
8000h agoAttention changes the way we perceive the world by reshaping the representation of entire perceptual spaces, expanding the representation around attended stimuli and compressing it around unattended ones.
8000h agoInhibiting VP GABAergic neurons increases defensive responses to threats, and these neurons actively inhibit defensive responses to allow reward seeking.
8000h agoEarly physical contact between caregivers and offspring induces a calming response that helps regulate emotions and stress, but this response depends on prior experience of such contact.
8000h agoMales and females with autism spectrum disorder show different patterns of altered brain connectivity, which are associated with different behavioral traits.
8000h agoDNA methylation changes in oligodendrocytes are associated with Alzheimer's disease and impact gene expression across multiple brain regions and disease stages.
8000h agoPre-sensory spontaneous activity helps establish and drive the maturation of central sensory pathways by sculpting connections between neurons and enabling postsynaptic targets to acquire their mature functional properties.
8000h agoThe lateral habenula's pathway to the ventral tegmental area provides aversive predicting signals that are required for learning to avoid unpleasant situations and for coping with difficult conditions.
8000h agoA unified theory of language combines Bayesian cognitive linguistics with sexual selection to explain language's speed, expressivity, and diversity, and how it underlies human culture, cooperation, and emotions.
8004h agoMotivation and value in AI systems arise from the exploitation of thermodynamic computation, where cognitive and physical dynamics are inseparable, and this is lacking in simulated agents, leading to pathologies like reward hacking.
8004h agoA tailored spiking neural network called SNNDeep achieves a maximum validation accuracy of 98.35% in classifying liver health status from computed tomography features.
8004h agoAdaptive segmentation of EEG data improves seizure detection performance compared to fixed-length approaches.
8004h agoStress mitigation is key to preventing pathologies, and a new framework suggests that returning cancer cells to normal tissue control could be a therapeutic approach.
8004h agoAI and Cognitive Science have a reciprocal relationship, with AI progress emphasizing practical task performance but lacking a cohesive cognitive foundation, suggesting that future AI development should focus on understanding the human mind.
8004h agoThe human brain performs functional computations by subtly modifying the interactions among brain regions, allowing it to carry out a wide range of functions without drastically changing its energy consumption.
8004h agoA possible path to scalable aligned artificial intelligence is to enable artificial agents to learn a good model of the world, including a good model of human preferences, through structure learning and theory of mind.
8004h agoThe novel hyperbolic embedding framework preserves the global multilayer structure of complex systems, enabling detailed analysis and comparisons within and across layers.
8004h agoThe analysis of a bibliographic database reveals the continuous growth in popularity of recurrence plots and related methods, as well as the emergence and decline of topical subjects over time.
8004h agoThe KZ differential equations with parameter κ=±2 have a correspondence that allows studying their solutions on lower weight subspaces, and this helps to analyze p-curvature operators and solution spaces in characteristic p.
8004h agoThe Reshetikhin condition implies the presence of infinitely many local conserved quantities in quantum spin chains with finite-range interactions.
8004h agoSelf-organized turbulence can create structured patterns in nature through complexity, and simulations of coupled oscillators show that emergent structures can exhibit universal scaling laws.
8004h agoLaminar chaos, a low-dimensional phenomenon, occurs in systems with random and chaotically time-varying delay, and its properties can be understood through circle maps with quenched disorder.
8004h agoActive matter's ability to process information is optimal when its dynamics are just below a critical damping threshold, allowing it to robustly compute and infer future states of chaotic signals.
8004h agoProjective transformation invariants are used to construct nonlinear evolution equations, identify symmetry-integrable equations, and connect them to a fully-nonlinear 3rd-order equation.
8004h agoThe Schur polynomials of (g,π)-type are used to derive a Sato-Zhou type formula for tau functions of the Drinfeld-Sokolov hierarchy of g-type, which are linear combinations of the Schur polynomials with coefficients being the Plücker coordinates.
8004h agoA universal formula is derived for overlaps between integrable matrix product states and Bethe eigenstates in symmetric spin chains.
8004h agoRandom matrix product unitary ensembles reproduce the randomness of quantum systems, showing freeness for local observables with just a few degrees of complexity, but require more complexity for traceless observables.
8004h agoEngineers construct an electrical lattice with flat bands and generate compact localized states within it, which can be excited in isolation via a two-node driving at specific frequencies.
8004h agoThe boson peak in silica glass is governed by near-isostatic constraints and marginal stability, which are universal principles that explain its anomalous material properties.
8004h agoThe calculation of specific heat of liquids and glasses by first-principles molecular dynamics simulations provides a universal method to determine this thermodynamic property, but atom relaxation and metastable states cause difficulties in accurately predicting it.
8004h agoDisorder enhances ferromagnetism in a ferromagnetic metal with repulsive interactions at zero temperature, and can also induce a ferromagnetic ground state in a non-ferromagnetic system, with a possible spin-glass phase emerging at finite temperature.
8004h agoFeature learning in neural networks involves changes in the distance between class manifolds in feature space and in the microscopic learnable parameters, and these changes depend on the temperature and data.
8004h agoA machine learning framework predicts chemical composition from 4D-STEM diffraction patterns, allowing for non-destructive and high-throughput materials characterization.
8004h agoMany-body localization in two dimensions is stable under quasiperiodic disorder but not under random disorder, with its crossover point shifting to higher disorder strength as system size increases under random disorder.
8004h agoMulti-scale graph embeddings allow low-dimensional representations of network data that remain consistent under changes in resolution, but existing methods have limitations when the input network is not entirely observable and needs to be reconstructed from aggregate information.
8004h agoThe multicritical contact process exhibits universal behavior with ultra-slow, activated dynamical scaling, and belongs to the same universality class as the multicritical quantum Ising model.
8004h agoThe human brain performs functional computations by subtly modifying the interactions among brain regions, allowing it to carry out a wide range of functions without drastically changing its energy consumption.
8004h agoHebbian learning leads to a rich class of emergent behavior in the contact process, where local incentives can lead to opposite global effects, and negative reinforcement can promote activity spreading but also create immune regions.
8004h agoA new type of quantum circuit, called tree-unitary gates, preserves symmetries of tree graphs and allows for exactly solvable dynamics with a trade-off between fast information spread and multi-directional correlations.
8004h agoIncreasing L2 regularization in Deep Neural Networks causes a phase transition into the under-parametrized phase, which explains the onset-of-learning and is linked to the phenomenon of 'grokking' where models get stuck in a local minimum.
8004h agoFragility is more closely linked to the contrast in individual particle mobility than to the spatial extent of dynamic correlations.
8004h agoLithium isotopes have different effects on brain activity, with one isotope having a large opposite effect on how brain cells communicate compared to the other.
8004h agoParental childhood maltreatment affects the brain development of their children in a sex-specific way, with maternal emotional abuse linking to lower brain development in sons and paternal physical neglect linking to lower brain development in daughters.
8004h agoNeutrophil-derived C5a signaling through microglial C5aR1 drives early motor neuron dysfunction in neuromyelitis optica by recruiting neutrophils and activating microglia.
8004h agoAntidepressant and placebo treatments change how different parts of the brain communicate with each other, with some changes being general and others specific to the treatment or patient response.
8004h agoThe quality of evidence influences the speed and movement of eye saccades, and saccade velocity varies with the difficulty of identifying and responding to visual stimuli.
8004h agoMutant LRRK2 disrupts dopamine release in vulnerable neurons by increasing phosphorylation of RAB3 proteins, leading to cell-autonomous dysfunctions in dopamine-producing neurons.
8004h agoPeople can adapt their walking style to a new energy landscape, but having broad experience in one landscape does not automatically lead to optimal adjustments in similar but different conditions.
8004h agoPeople with more autistic traits who use more strategies to hide their social difficulties have abnormal brain connections that can lead to depression and anxiety.
8004h agoPolitical orientation and empathy influence moral judgments and neural processing of socially relevant information, with conservatives and progressives differing in motivational salience attribution.
8004h agoAging causes lipid accumulation in brain endothelial cells, which impairs their function, leads to inflammation and cellular senescence, and contributes to cerebrovascular aging.
8004h agoAn itch response triggered by the immune system leads to rapid removal of ticks from the host, offering a potential approach to preventing tick-borne diseases.
8004h agoIncreased feeding during pregnancy is caused by changes in specific brain cells, namely the activation of AgRP neurons and the inhibition of POMC neurons.
8004h agoLSTM-based models provide consistent and trustworthy estimates of uncertainty in automatic sleep staging from EEG signals, while EEGNet is suitable for lightweight deployment.
8004h agoHaving a strong ethnic identity is linked to better psychological well-being, and those with a strong ethnic identity are more resilient to the negative effects of discrimination on their mental health.
8004h agoMultishell dMRI analysis offers slightly greater sensitivity to amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease than single-shell analysis, but shows no major advantage in detecting cognitive impairment and tau pathology.
8004h agoMemory recall depends on brain-environment interactions, with the environment playing a key role in the process, as recalling events is linked to specific spatial locations and gaze patterns.
8004h agoBrief neural events called beta bursts play a role in inhibiting actions and supporting goal-directed behaviour, and occur in a brain-wide pattern when people interact with their smartphones.
8004h agoBrief sleep loss after learning disrupts hippocampus-dependent memory processing by altering the synaptic connectivity of SST interneurons in the lateral entorhinal cortex, a key input to the hippocampus.
8012h agoNeuroimmune activation, characterised by the expansion of a high-SNCA-expressing microglial state, occurs early in Parkinson's disease and is triggered by oligomeric synuclein, leading to inflammation and mitochondrial suppression.
8012h agoType I interferon signaling is more active in females with Alzheimer's disease and contributes to the greater burden of the disease in women.
8012h agoCDKL5 is targeted to synapses through interactions with PSD-95, SHANK proteins, and talin, and its activity may be spatially regulated through talin-mediated mechanical signalling.
8020h agoLoss of PINK1 function leads to excess cholesterol biosynthesis, which accumulates in neuronal membranes, reduces neurotransmitter uptake, and alters dopamine transporter distribution.
8024h agoRepeated exposure to stress during adolescence impairs the ability of neurons in the brain to sustain activity, leading to disruptions in attention and working memory, by altering the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals.
8024h agoHabitual video game play enhances learning from feedback, especially in uncertain situations, and improves the ability to make good decisions based on rewards.
8024h agoMitochondrial structural remodeling helps meet the energy demands of synaptic and network function by increasing energy production and ATP levels.
8024h agoAlpha-synuclein overexpression causes different effects in different cell types, with the A53T mutant consistently inducing cytotoxicity, while wild-type alpha-synuclein either enhances or impairs mitochondrial function depending on the cellular context.
8024h agoThe endocannabinoid system is associated with pressure pain thresholds, with certain endocannabinoid levels linked to individual pain sensitivity.
8024h agoMutations in the LAMA2 gene cause merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy by disrupting laminin-211 production, leading to muscle weakness, fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic changes, with complete deficiency linked to more severe and distinct gene expression changes.
8024h agoRutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles, but not anatase, cause cell death in specific brain cells, including astroglia and microglia, at concentrations above 10 g/mL.
8024h agoThe choroid plexus undergoes major changes in cellular composition, gene expression, and immune cell diversity from neonatal to adult stages, including the early activation of host-defense genes and the emergence of new epithelial cell subtypes.
8024h agoThe accumulation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease is surrounded by a dense ring of cells, but the plaque core remains diffusionally penetrable.
8024h agoA recurrent neural network corrects the errors of a surrogate Hodgkin-Huxley model, accurately recovering membrane voltage and ion channel dynamics.
8028h agoA new large-scale EEG dataset collected using affordable hardware demonstrates that decoding high-level semantic information from EEG signals and reconstructing images is possible with low-cost equipment.
8028h agoQuantum computing offers a competitive alternative for analyzing high-dimensional neural recording data and constructing functional networks.
8028h agoA data-driven method leveraging score-based generative modeling accurately reproduces the statistical properties and temporal correlations of cyclo-stationary time series, enabling efficient generation of synthetic trajectories.
8028h agoLong-range correlations in sentence length are not a fundamental feature of natural language or a reliable marker of literary style.
8028h agoA method using a beam with non-linear dynamics and an external harmonic driver extracts a frequency comb through a process called injection pulling, leading to a SNIC bifurcation.
8028h agoThe isotropic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain with a single edge-coupled impurity exhibits four phases: a Kondo phase and an antiferromagnetic bound-mode phase for antiferromagnetic couplings, and a local-moment phase and a ferromagnetic bound-mode phase for ferromagnetic couplings.
8028h agoNon-locality in a Hamiltonian can drive a system into a typical state, but it can also destroy quantum correlation, suggesting that quantum thermalization does not require quantum chaoticity.
8028h agoA chip-scale photonic extreme learning machine based on wave chaos interference can process information in a compact, parallel, and ultra-fast way.
8028h agoThe lens hyperbolic gamma solution satisfies the star-star relation and the flipping relation in three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories.
8028h agoA recurrent neural network corrects the errors of a surrogate Hodgkin-Huxley model, accurately recovering membrane voltage and ion channel dynamics.
8028h agoThe change of basis from decaying solutions to Floquet solutions in Heun-type equations allows for the explicit computation of the phase acquired by Floquet solutions and the derivation of its series representation.
8028h agoAnimals that synchronize their behaviors, such as during mating rituals, may gain benefits like attracting mates, but also risk losing individuality, and a model shows that groups can tolerate only a limited number of individuals who cheat by not fully synchronizing.
8028h agoVibrations in active elastic media grow in wavelength, period, and amplitude over time through a process called wave coarsening, eventually forming a globally synchronized state.
8028h agoA classical integrable system generates tsunami-like solitons on a disordered background, and allows for stationary solutions with multiple bumps and quasiperiodic multi-tsunami backgrounds.
8028h agoA novel data-driven framework combines the Generalized Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem with score-based generative modeling to accurately estimate how small external changes affect the higher-order moments of nonlinear stochastic systems.
8028h agoThe study develops simulation methods to investigate protein dynamics and thermal exchanges within heterogeneous cell membranes, tracking individual protein movement, concentration fluctuations, and temperature variations.
8028h agoA semimagnetic topological insulator exhibits a half-quantized Hall effect that remains robust in weakly disordered systems, and it also shows a marginal metallic phase that challenges existing localization theories.
8028h agoMagnetic systems with diffusing skyrmions can realize multi-value probabilistic computing by creating a tunable discrete probability distribution.
8028h agoA chip-scale photonic extreme learning machine based on wave chaos interference can process information in a compact, parallel, and ultra-fast way.
8028h agoIntegrable quantum circuits with a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ impurity exhibit two distinct phases, and bulk dephasing noise leads to the quantum Zeno effect, slowing down impurity magnetization dynamics in the long time limit.
8028h agoNon-Hermitian systems allow wave propagation even when energy eigenstates are localized, and exhibit novel universal scaling behaviors in wave propagation that differ from Hermitian systems.
8028h agoPKD2L1 channels in cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons are sensitive to pH changes and generate both phasic and tonic currents that modulate the neurons' excitability.
8028h agoMutations in the PTEN gene cause neurodevelopmental disorders by activating the ARP2/3 complex through mTORC1 and mTORC2, leading to changes in neural cells that can be rescued by inhibiting ARP2/3.
8028h agoHumans adjust their blinking to prioritize important visual input, balancing stimulus characteristics and personal goals, and this ability to optimize blink timing improves with age until early adulthood and then declines.
8028h agoMicroglial response to damage signals and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines varies by brain region after TMEV infection.
8028h agoThe presence of a distracting stimulus reduces the initial visual processing of a target stimulus, and the brain later actively suppresses the distracting stimulus to focus on the target.
8032h agoA digital twin framework enables real-time interpretation of spectroscopic data in chemical characterization by linking theory and experimental data through a bidirectional feedback loop.
8036h agoAge-related cognitive decline may arise from increased variability of neural responses, with older mice showing more variable response times, increased firing rates, and decreased variability quenching across multiple brain regions.
8036h agoHuman brain development follows two main patterns: aperiodic activity decreases with age, while periodic activity grows and then declines, with both components stabilizing around age 40.
8036h agoNo changes are made since the provided text is a citation and does not contain a paragraph to summarize. If you provide the actual paragraph about "Dynamics of mature myelin", I can help you create a simple sentence summary.
8040h agoCASTLE, a label-free pipeline, accurately quantifies animal behavior by generating detailed descriptors of movement and identifying distinct behavioral classes without predefined categories.
8040h agoMedaka and zebrafish have different visual motion processing abilities that help them adapt to their environments, with medaka being better at detecting objects in their social group and zebrafish being better at detecting background motion for navigation.
8040h agoAnodal stimulation of the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) improves phonemic fluency, with benefits greatest for individuals with lower fluid intelligence.
8040h agoThe human brain cycles through different networks every second during rest and tasks, allowing it to engage essential cognitive functions at a speed linked to genetics and age.
8044h agoTwo distinct subtypes of psychosis with different brain abnormalities and clinical characteristics are identified, one with moderate enlargement of surface area in frontal and parietal areas and the other with markedly smaller surface areas and subcortical volumes.
8044h agoLoss of FMR1 gene expression disrupts the normal interaction between NMDA receptors and SK channels, leading to abnormal synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice.
8044h agoThe brain combines grid codes and place codes to navigate complex environments, and a new computational theory called topology-aware grid coding (TAG) enables grid codes to generalize across environments with the same topological structure but different geometry.
8044h agoPeople who are better at extinguishing fear have different brain activity patterns, specifically in the ventral striatum, which helps them learn safety faster.
8044h agoA new modeling framework predicts individual Alzheimer's disease trajectories from sparse clinical data, detecting early signs of disease more accurately and tracking changes in biomarker trajectories.
8044h agoMelody formation in multi-voice music listening happens through an attention-guided statistical integration mechanism that dynamically combines competing musical streams.
8044h agoSporadic and LRRK2-associated Parkinson's Disease have different molecular profiles, with distinct inflammatory signals in blood and CSF, that are associated with tau pathology.
8044h agoMarker fidelity varies substantially across cortical regions, and a new statistical framework identifies improved markers for six major brain cell types with consistent expression across regions.
8044h agoHarmonic sensitivity is present in the primary auditory cortex (A1) layer 4 and is not unique to the secondary auditory cortex (A2), with neurons in A1 layer 4 showing robust spectral integration and harmonic sensitivity.
8044h agoRhesus macaques provide a useful model to understand how the human brain decodes facial expressions, with similar behavioral responses to humans and neural activity that predicts facial expression discrimination.
8048h agoCannabidiol decreases seizures by reducing neuronal firing and activity propagation in the hippocampus through mechanisms that involve GPR55 and increased recruitment of inhibitory neurons.
8048h agoNeural motifs in the primary auditory cortex represent sensory stimuli and task variables in parallel with single-unit activity, providing different levels of coding granularity with distinct information.
8048h agoTuberous Sclerosis Complex brain network dysfunctions start with increased firing and altered excitability of a specific type of nerve cell, which can be prevented by inhibiting overproliferation of its progenitors.
8048h agoThe brain uses two types of place cell sequences to plan and guide navigation, one stereotypic and the other goal-directed, which predict upcoming trajectories to remembered goals.
8048h agoAnimals monitor and integrate dynamic sensory information to guide behavior through a process called active sensing, where sensory information supports motor planning through mechanisms that remain poorly understood.
8048h agoDual inhibition of sEH and COX-2 with PTUPB improves cognition in Alzheimer's disease by enhancing myogenic responses and increasing cerebral artery distensibility.
8048h agoThe ComBat-Predict method effectively harmonizes brain imaging data from different study sites, allowing for accurate prediction of cortical thickness measures and reducing site-related bias.
8048h agoNLX-112 treatment improves motor function, slows disease progression, and provides neuroprotection in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
8048h agoSaccades tend to avoid crossing earlier eye movements in a scan path, a phenomenon called self-crossing avoidance, which facilitates exploration of visual scenes.
8052h agoA new large-scale EEG dataset, collected using affordable consumer-grade equipment, shows that deep neural network-based brain-computer interfaces and semantic decoding methods can be effectively conducted with low-cost hardware.
8052h agoA topological framework integrating Transfer Entropy and directed Persistent Homology characterizes information flow in spiking neural systems, revealing distinctions in task complexity, stimulus structure, and behavioral regime.
8052h agoDeep artificial neural networks trained to perform interval timing tasks develop internal oscillatory neural activations similar to those found in biological systems.
8052h agoRecurrent neural networks with a modular structure, specifically those with a global workspace topology, have relaxed stability conditions and show strong test performance and resilience to removal of individual subnetworks.
8052h agoAn endovascular brain-computer interface can record neural activity related to eye movements and translate it into control commands in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
8052h agoHigh reflection rates at steep beaches tend to stabilize the formation of extreme nonlinear waves by controlling excess kurtosis generated by shoaling.
8052h agoA classical integrable system generates tsunami-like solitons on a rocky-desert-like disordered background, with applications to plasma physics and superconductors.
8052h agoPoincare waves have nonlinear interactions that follow four-wave interactions, leading to energy transfer and saturation effects.
8052h agoThe orbits of a discrete Painlev\'e equation over finite fields lie on algebraic curves with genus less than or equal to one and satisfy the Hasse bound.
8052h agoBoltzmann's 1868 example of a system described by the microcanonical ensemble was incorrect because it assumed constants of motion are smooth functions.
8052h agoThe Painlev\'{e} I hierarchy has two approaches, isomonodromic construction and minimal models construction, which are connected through an explicit correspondence that identifies the setups and provides new expressions for Lax matrices and Hamiltonians.
8052h agoTwo integral representations for the wave functions of the hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland system are equivalent.
8052h agoNonlinear wave and beam equations have time-periodic solutions with a fractal-like structure, including a new class of large-energy solutions that can be linearly stable.
8052h agoCoherent states projected in the energy eigenbasis of the spin-boson Dicke Hamiltonian exhibit ergodic and multifractal behavior that reflects details of the classical phase space structure, including chaos, regularity, and localization.
8052h agoBethe wavefunctions can be decomposed into simple products of local wavefunctions, allowing for exact and analytical representations as tensor networks and adaptive quantum circuits.
8052h agoPerturbations in a compressible gas approximately follow a system of dispersive nonlinear wave equations, and their behavior depends on the amplitude of the initial data, with shock formation occurring for larger data but not for moderate-amplitude data.
8052h agoA supersonic flow of a Lee-Huang-Yang quantum fluid past an obstacle generates linear radiation and oblique dark solitons, which can be accurately described by a modified Kelvin theory and analytically obtained through transformation of the 1D soliton solution.
8052h agoNonlinear dynamical systems with continuous variables can solve combinatorial optimization problems more accurately and quickly by harnessing the edge of chaos, achieving almost 100% success probabilities for some large-scale problems in as little as 10 milliseconds.
8052h agoThe localization properties of eigenmodes in one-dimensional random geometric graphs are comprehensively understood through an investigation of density of states, participation ratio, and related factors.
8052h agoDefects in conformal field theories can be uplifted to defects in a supersymmetic theory of higher dimensions, resulting in two distinct uplifted defects of different dimensions.
8052h agoA new approach maps deep neural networks to quantum electrodynamics, relating neural activations and weights to fermionic matter and gauge fields, and identifying stability thresholds with gauge-dependent amplification factors.
8052h agoThe Heun algorithm remains a benchmark for integrating stochastic differential equations due to its robust performance.
8052h agoDense associative memory models can learn interpretable solutions to classification problems and a novel regularization scheme makes their training more stable.
8052h agoA novel framework coupling statistical physics with metagenomic data reveals that healthy microbiomes have strong species interactions and abundance diversity, while diseased microbiomes show greater variability driven by deterministic factors, resulting in less ecologically stable communities.
8052h agoRényi complexity, a measure of disorder, relates to free energy differences in mean-field disordered models and vanishes at the Kauzmann transition temperature for models with one-step replica symmetry breaking.
8052h agoThe many-body localization transition in the quantum Ising model with long-range interaction occurs at a certain disorder threshold, which can be estimated with logarithmic accuracy.
8052h agoA $30^{\circ}$ twisted bilayer formed by two Haldane models retains its topological properties at weak interlayer coupling but exhibits a closed energy gap and multiple localized states at strong interlayer coupling.
8052h agoDisorder acts as insulation against the non-Hermitian skin effect, preventing edge localisation for small imaginary gauge potentials in one-dimensional block disordered subwavelength resonator systems with non-reciprocal damping.
8052h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex neurons that project to the thalamus and express Foxp2 play a key role in regulating pain sensitivity and are deactivated in both acute and chronic pain.
8056h agoThe hippocampal network rapidly switches between relying on internal sense of location and on visual cues to update location and velocity within cycles of brain waves.
8060h agoThe hippocampus uses distinct computations to control two modes of theta phase coding during navigation.
8060h agoA pharmacophore-oriented 3D molecular generation method efficiently generates diverse, drug-like molecules and identifies new inhibitors in real-world drug discovery.
8064h agoHost cone bipolar cells in the primate macula can rewire with transplanted photoreceptors, forming functional synapses and rebuilding ON- and OFF-pathway connectivity.
8064h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) shows similar neural activation patterns when people respond to questionnaire items from the same psychological scale, and it encodes both categorical and graded psychological similarities among scales during self-report.
8064h agoGamma audiovisual stimulation at 40 Hz improves attention performance by increasing gamma activity, decreasing arousal, and enhancing functional connectivity associated with attention processes.
8072h agoSyllable-specific neurons in the songbird auditory system integrate multiple stimulus features over hundreds of milliseconds by functioning as coincidence detectors that rely on post-inhibitory facilitation, persistent network activity, and a dynamic interplay between intrinsic neuronal properties and convergent synaptic inputs.
8072h agoElectrical synapses between thalamic reticular nucleus neurons regulate thalamocortical relay by modulating responses to sensory inputs, increasing response rates and duration, and reducing spike correlation in the cortex.
8072h agoThe study found that a specific genetic risk factor, the 15q13.3 microdeletion, leads to the involvement of certain brain cells, particularly GABAergic neurons, in mice, which may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.
8072h agoThe brain switches between two modes of time processing, independence and coherence, by adjusting communication across different subspaces in the fronto-parietal network.
8072h agoExcessive screen time at age two relates to smaller brain volumes in language areas and poorer language outcomes, which in turn predict greater screen time usage at age three.
8072h agoStriatal disinhibition induces motor tics in mice by causing aberrant activity that is transmitted to the insular cortex, leading to motor-limbic circuit dysfunction.
8072h agoStroking by a human induces brain activation in anaesthetised pigs, and pigs with previous positive human contact may perceive it as more pleasant than pigs without such experience.
8072h agoAnesthetics cause unconsciousness by destabilizing the dynamics of neural population activity in the cortex, leading to slower recovery from sensory perturbations and changes in brain wave patterns.
8072h agoThe Dynamic Morph-Aware Convolution (DMAC) framework accurately reconstructs neuronal morphology from 3D light microscopy by adapting convolution kernels to the complex geometry of neuronal arbors.
8072h agoM5 receptor activation alleviates Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, such as forepaw asymmetry, bradykinesia, and gait problems, without causing or worsening dyskinesia.
8072h agoHippocampal theta sweeps provide a neural basis for planning future movements based on goals, not just current movement or head direction.
8072h agoPeople's ability to perceive external disturbances affects their balance, with those who can perceive smaller disturbances having better balance performance when faced with small challenges.
8072h agoThe visual number form area (ITG-math) responds more strongly to numerosity tasks than color tasks, and its role in mathematical cognition goes beyond just encoding digits.
8072h agoA modular neuroimaging framework integrating principles from foundation models with efficient architectures accurately predicts age and cognitive performance from resting-state fMRI data, outperforming existing methods.
8076h agoBrainPath, a 3D generative framework, predicts anatomically faithful MRIs at any timepoint from a single baseline scan, capturing realistic and temporally consistent individual brain aging trajectories.
8076h agoNetwork science has its most direct application in nanoscale connectomics, where it provides concrete biological interpretations of core network concepts, enabling biologically grounded analyses of circuit structure and function.
8076h agoThe brain synchronizes its internal model with the environment through Bayesian inference, but this doesn't mean it creates an exact copy, instead it aims for behavioural equivalence to minimize prediction error.
8076h agoHybrid quantum algorithms can provide a competitive alternative to classical methods for recovering neurologically relevant networks from high-dimensional neural recording data.
8076h agoAI models develop brain-like representations when they are large, trained on many human-centric images, and have sufficient training, with their development following a specific chronology that mirrors the human brain's structure and function.
8076h agoCNeuroMod-THINGS provides a large-scale fMRI dataset that captures neural representations of a wide range of semantic concepts using well-characterized images, expanding the capacity to model human visual experience.
8076h agoNeural networks on random graphs have a mean-field limit that resembles a Wilson-Cowan neural field equation, where the state variables are the mean and variance of neuronal activity.
8076h agoCausal Dynamic Resonance helps detect information flow among components of complex systems by reducing false positives in causality measures.
8076h agoAn autoencoder-based method estimates the phase of limit-cycle oscillators from partial observations, enabling effective feedback control of oscillator synchronization.
8076h agoA vectorial Darboux transformation is derived for an integrable matrix version of the Fokas-Lenells equation, allowing for the systematic determination of exact solutions including breathers, dark solitons, rogue waves, and beating solitons.
8076h agoNon-local interactions in a coupled oscillators model lead to a phase transition with an order parameter scaling exponent of 1/2 and a diverging relaxation time.
8076h agoOmnivory and interaction structure in a tri-trophic food web critically affect ecosystem complexity and resilience by modulating stability through complex dynamical behaviors and bifurcation structures.
8076h agoFs-laser radiation causes changes in surface morphology of semiconductors with different band gaps, resulting in the formation of low and high spatial frequency LIPSS and other structures.
8076h agoLarge-scale turbulent flows in two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence determine the essential resolution of observation needed to reconstruct small-scale flows, which is close to the forcing scale, not the dissipation scale.
8076h agoEngineered spin Kitaev models exhibit polarization-dependent spin transport and chiral solitons, enabling new opportunities for simulating transport in curved spaces and applications in spintronics and quantum sensing.
8076h agoBiodiversity can be maintained when species adaptively regulate their mobility through learned behaviors, allowing them to coexist stably across a range of migration rates.
8076h agoA new algorithm, called generalized simulated bifurcation (GSB), solves large-scale combinatorial optimization problems with almost 100% success probability by harnessing the edge of chaos, allowing it to find solutions ultrafast, in 10 milliseconds for a 2,000-variable problem.
8076h agoA successful furrow formation in Drosophila embryo requires an apical tension gradient, decreased basal tension, and increased lateral tension.
8076h agoThe first nonlinear stage of modulation instability of periodic waves shows universal behavior, described by adiabatic deformations of the Akhmediev breather solution, and involves wave growth, fission, fusion, and decay, with fission and fusion resembling multidimensional wave breaking and phase transitions.
8076h agoLarge perturbations can push a power grid into an unstable state, and researchers have identified a new class of highly vulnerable nodes in power grids that are susceptible to such disruptions.
8076h agoScientists have established conditions for reaction-cross-diffusion systems to form spatiotemporal patterns and have developed a framework for designing systems with specific patterns.
8076h agoGaussian process regression with specially designed kernel functions accurately estimates the interaction functions of coupled phase oscillators from limited or biased data, enabling better understanding and prediction of rhythmic phenomena.
8076h agoNon-degenerate bright solitons emerge in a two-component long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction model, exhibiting novel profile structures and undergoing elastic collisions.
8076h agoA local driving mechanism called non-reciprocal driving accelerates solitons and antisolitons in the same direction, and this mechanism can be used to transmit and filter unidirectional information.
8076h agoBreathing solitons can persist for arbitrarily long times in non-reciprocal, non-conservative active metamaterials when a delicate balance between energy injection and dissipation is struck.
8076h agoTopologically nontrivial energy minimizing maps exist from bounded domains in the plane to a sphere, describing magnetizations in ultrathin ferromagnetic films with specific interactions.
8076h agoEnergy-band thermalization implies that an observable thermalizes in almost all physical states over accessible timescales, and can be efficiently measured in experiments with limited resources.
8076h agoThe Landau-Zener formula's exponential form comes from integrability, which leads to a functional equation that establishes the formula's structure, and a simple perturbation calculation determines its coefficient.
8076h agoBiodiversity can be maintained when species adaptively regulate their mobility through learned behaviors, allowing them to coexist stably across a range of migration rates.
8076h agoMessage passing neural networks perform poorly under heterophily and structural bottlenecks in graphs because their signal-to-noise ratio is limited by higher-order homophily and interactions between bottlenecks and class labels.
8076h agoThe electrical conductivity of V$_{1-x}$Al$_x$ alloys shows a crossover to a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity, which follows the Mooij correlation and is caused by a non-Boltzmann contribution.
8076h agoEnergy-dependent hysteresis exists in an isolated Heisenberg quantum spin system, similar to thermomagnetic hysteresis in spin glasses, and an annealing protocol can control the energy in this system.
8076h agoPopulation annealing outperforms simulated annealing in finding minimum energy configurations in the diluted Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising model, especially near the peak of model hardness.
8076h agoLearning atomic contributions to electronic density of states improves the efficiency, accuracy, and interpretability of predicting material properties.
8076h agoProbabilistic Graphical Models outperform Graph Neural Networks when input features are low-dimensional or noisy, and are more robust to increasing graph heterophily.
8076h agoThe connection between structure and dynamics is more closely linked to the contrast in individual particle mobility than to the spatial extent of dynamic correlations in glass transition.
8076h agoEarly stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex interferes with conscious tactile detection, but only when applied shortly after tactile input.
8076h agoCorrelation-based features of electrocorticographic high-gamma signals provide greater long-term stability and robustness for detecting neural voice activity than high-gamma log-power features.
8076h agoElevated levels of the AETA peptide are associated with synaptic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease pathology, particularly in females.
8076h agoMotor neurons vulnerable to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis undergo thousands of molecular changes, transitioning into a novel cell state called 'disease-associated motor neurons', with distinct transcription factor regulatory networks and early interactions with reactive glia.
8076h agoMetformin treatment improves symptoms and reduces harmful protein levels in mice with spinocerebellar ataxia type 8, a debilitating neurological disease.
8076h agoA wireless magnetomechanical approach uses biocompatible nanoscale magnetite nanodiscs to stimulate brain activity remotely and reversibly, restoring motor function in mice with a severe Parkinson's-like condition.
8076h agoOlder age is linked to better emotional regulation, but this link is altered in people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and racial minority groups, who show heightened stress-related brain activity.
8076h agoA specific neuron, the Sustain neuron, coordinates swallowing to efficiently move food through the mouth and throat, allowing animals to sustain long feeding bursts when deprived of protein.
8080h agoThe gustatory system in Drosophila has a complete wiring diagram that connects sensory input to behaviors like feeding, foraging, and social interactions.
8080h agoPARP inhibitors cause rod photoreceptor toxicity in a mouse model for autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa, and this effect is independent of rhodopsin expression.
8080h agoA novel framework decodes decision-making processes from hundreds of simultaneously recorded neuronal channels, revealing distinct neural coding roles in the brain's prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.
8084h agoMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) stimulate sensory neurons, contributing to pain during inflammation, by inducing intracellular Ca2+ release through activation of specific receptors.
8088h agoPeople with Parkinson's disease have impaired sensory gating during standing balance, which is essential for postural control, and this impairment is not seen in older or young adults.
8088h agoASCL1 expression reprograms adult macaque Muller glia into functional neurons that can fire action potentials and express retinal ganglion cell markers.
8088h agomiR-23b disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity, and inhibiting it enhances barrier function and repair in brain endothelial cells, leading to improved outcomes in stroke models.
8088h agoMale Drosophilid flies have a courtship behavior sequence that includes stillness, a rhythmic wing movement called "waggling", and singing, with specific neurons controlling this sequence.
8088h agoCareful selection of parameters in graph signal processing is crucial, and power spectral density and structural decoupling index are the most effective feature types for identifying individual subjects.
8088h agoGaze is anchored to a target object during reaching movements, and the timing of this anchoring depends on the type of target and the coordination of hand movements.
8088h agoA deep active optimization pipeline effectively tackles high-dimensional, complex problems with limited data, achieving optimal solutions in up to 2,000 dimensions.
8092h agoMutations in voltage-gated sodium channels cause a range of seizure conditions, and a specific mutation in a fly gene causes dominant seizure activity that can be suppressed with dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
8092h agoReelin controls the directional orientation, intracellular localization, and length of primary cilia in principal neurons in the cerebral cortex.
8096h agoCoupling neuronal and synaptic dynamics enables a novel form of working memory through persistent oscillations in neural networks with ongoing plasticity.
8096h agoThe lateral frontal pole (FPl) region of the brain plays a key role in integrating emotion signals with goal information during threat anticipation to support goal-directed action.
8096h agoA new AI-driven approach using Vision Transformers accurately classifies children's engagement in early childhood education by analyzing visual cues such as gaze direction and peer collaboration.
8100h agoA Deep Reinforcement Learning agent trained to perform an interval timing task exhibits oscillatory neural activations similar to those found in biological systems, and uses a time-keeping strategy comparable to the Striatal Beat Frequency model.
8100h agoLanguage serves as a collectively formed external representation, with its embedded distributional semantics, and emerges from and shapes group-level cognition through collective memory and attention.
8100h agoImagining temperature sensations triggers similar neural activity in the sensorimotor cortex as actual thermal perception, with both real and imagined sensations showing comparable event-related desynchronization of the sensorimotor mu-rhythm.
8100h agoA new technique called ML-PWS combines Machine Learning with Path Weight Sampling to accurately calculate the information transmission rate of stochastic systems from experimental time-series data.
8100h agoPeople tend to hold on to their prior expectations rather than adjust them when they encounter extreme violations, and this happens because standard learning dynamics uses different mechanisms to resolve small and large expectation violations.
8100h agoMetalearning helps machines overcome classic challenges in artificial neural networks by providing incentives to improve specific skills and opportunities to practice those skills.
8100h agoThe Dbar method is developed to study discrete integrable equations, providing explicit formulae of multi-soliton solutions for the lattice potential modified KdV equation, lattice Schwarzian KdV equation, and other equations.
8100h agoA new method derives exact solutions to nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations by transforming them into linear equations and using a recursive approach and multiplicative inverse of power series.
8100h agoThe impedance matrix of complex electromagnetic wave scattering systems follows universal scaling laws that relate its properties to the system's excitation frequency, mode density, loss factor, and port characteristics.
8100h agoThe number of $\epsilon$-switches for any given initial opinion distribution is always finite, and the Hegselmann-Krause opinion dynamics shows identical opinion evolution between consecutive $\epsilon$-switches, with the dynamics remaining unchanged under positive-affine transformations of the initial distribution.
8100h agoThe large N limit of spectral duality exists between rational Gaudin models, which corresponds to a 2d hydrodynamics on a torus, and its dual model is a large N limit of the gl_M Gaudin model with irregular singularities.
8100h agoMigration, environmental fluctuations, and spatial structure affect the evolution of microbial populations, with the mutant fixation probability depending on the rate of migration and exhibiting a non-monotonic dependence on the switching rate between harsh and mild environmental conditions.
8100h agoEntanglement entropy difference between half-filled and near-half-filled ground states reveals topological phase transitions in disordered systems.
8100h agoThe global steady-state distributions of many systems approximately satisfy an analogue of the Boltzmann distribution, with a local dynamical property of states playing the role of energy.
8100h agoThe impedance matrix of complex electromagnetic wave scattering systems follows universal scaling laws that relate its properties to the system's excitation frequency, mode density, loss factor, and port characteristics.
8100h agoSymmetry classification of quadratic Lindbladians with particle conservation reveals 27 non-Hermitian symmetry classes, with 22 classes leading to infinite-temperature steady states and 5 classes corresponding to specific Hermitian steady-state symmetry classes.
8100h agoThe study provides asymptotic equations that characterize the best possible learning performance for reconstructing a structured signal matrix from noisy observations, with the number of samples needed being proportional to the number of entries in the matrix.
8100h agoThe perceived duration of visual stimuli is affected by their memorability and speed, with more memorable or faster stimuli making time feel longer, and this in turn affects how well they are recalled later.
8104h agoResomapper simplifies quantitative MRI analysis by integrating established processing libraries into a unified, user-friendly workflow, allowing for reproducible and accessible image analysis.
8104h agoElevated magnesium levels cause a dose-dependent loss of complex activity in networks of neurons, leading to more integrated and constant dynamics.
8108h agoA deep neural network, trained on congruent audiovisual speech, perceives incongruent auditory and visual syllables as a third, illusory syllable, similar to humans, and shows human-like variability in its responses.
8108h agoThe octopamine receptor AgOct{beta}2R controls different aspects of mosquito reproduction in a sexually dimorphic manner, and its manipulation could disrupt mosquito reproduction at multiple levels.
8108h agoMitochondrial gene changes are associated with Parkinson's disease and may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
8108h agoPharmacological enhancement of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneuron activity reduces tau accumulation and neuronal loss in a tauopathy mouse model.
8108h agoNeurotypical children's executive function profiles differ, with two distinct patterns emerging: one group produces fewer designs but maintains a stable production pattern, while the other group is initially more productive but later makes more repetition errors and declines in design production.
8112h agoScientists developed a new method that links the genetic sequence of opsins to their function, enabling more efficient characterization of large opsin libraries.
8112h agoDivisive normalization in mouse visual cortex emerges from the interplay of excitation and inhibition, with heterogeneity in suppression strength linked to population correlations, variability in excitatory-inhibitory balance, and suppression of both subcortical and local cortical inputs.
8112h agoAn RNA aptamer called 1R6 prevents the aggregation of a protein called synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, by targeting specific motifs and promoting disaggregation of preformed fibrils.
8112h agoProprioceptive Ia afferents initially connect with motor neurons across spinal segments, but then eliminate excess connections to become specific to the same segment through a process involving proprioceptor activity and C1qA-mediated elimination.
8116h agoCue-evoked dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core supports reward predictions to shape adaptive reward pursuit strategy, constraining exploratory reward-seeking motivation in favor of a more focal reward-checking strategy.
8116h agoHCN-governed membrane properties and sensitivity to delta/theta band frequencies are conserved in supragranular pyramidal neurons across at least 36 million years of primate evolution.
8116h agoThe CaMKII interactome, a network of protein interactions, is conserved across different organisms and evolved to specialize in synaptic signalling with the alpha-isoform, originally formed for neurosecretion.
8116h agoThe presence of overlapping signals from multiple individuals makes it hard for animals to distinguish between different sounds.
8116h agoMicroglia have two distinct inflammatory states controlled by specific transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms that enable their inflammatory functions in the demyelinating brain.
8116h agoMechanical tension improves neural communication by enhancing synaptic efficiency, leading to faster memory recall and better cognitive performance.
8120h agoSocial touch activates a brain circuit that reduces aggression by connecting the posterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
8120h agoThe DW-SSFP signal can be corrected for subject motion by using a framework that estimates and adjusts for motion, allowing for robust diffusion coefficient estimation and accurate tensor reconstruction.
8120h agoParkinson's disease brain tissue contains a higher number of neurons with excessive oligomer aggregation, which may contribute to early pathology.
8120h agoAstrocytes in the human brain have different expression patterns in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia, showing disease- and region-specific signatures.
8128h agoMCA, a Multicellular Analysis toolkit, enables users to easily extract calcium dynamics from functional imaging data, working with widely used open-source software ImageJ.
8128h agoThe extrastriate body area (EBA) encodes the speed of human body motion implied in scenes, with implied motion being the primary contributor to its semantic representations.
8128h agoNociception in cephalopods involves 51 genes that are also found in other animals, which can help understand how octopuses experience pain.
8128h agoPMAT facilitates the extinction of generalized fear and enhances biological sex differences in fear responses, particularly in females, which may have implications for understanding anxiety disorders.
8128h agoBodies respond physiologically to others' emotions, with moderate responses occurring even without conscious perception, and distinct responses emerging once visual awareness is established.
8128h agoAdult microglia from mice with Alzheimer's disease show exaggerated activation, increased engulfment of synaptic material, and heightened expression of proinflammatory genes when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and this is regulated by complement-dependent pathways.
8128h agoReduced white matter integrity in cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops is associated with poorer executive function performance in an age-dependent fashion, especially in older adults.
8140h agoThe ventral anterior temporal lobe represents complex semantic information through an interdependent, dynamic code, and similar representations are also found in posterior temporal and occipitotemporal cortex.
8140h agoThe peak alpha rhythm frequency increases with age in both sensorimotor and association regions, while intrinsic neural timescale decreases with age only in association regions, and a strong negative relationship between them is found specifically in association regions.
8144h agoAbnormalities in inner speech may cause psychotic symptoms, such as hearing voices, because the brain fails to properly distinguish between self-generated and external input.
8144h agoThe neural representations of object and event concepts in the brain share a common representational code, with both categories represented in overlapping areas of the association cortex.
8144h agoThe basal ganglia inputs to the prefrontal cortex combine direct and modulatory connections to regulate cortical activity during cognition.
8144h agoThe R47H variant of the TREM2 gene increases synaptic density in the hippocampus during early development by reducing microglial ability to remove inactive synapses.
8144h agoCajal Retzius cells and external tufted cells share similar characteristics and likely evolved from cells involved in olfactory processing in early vertebrates.
8144h agoPeople adjust their strategy of using recognizable features to infer the value of new things based on how stable or changing their environment is.
8144h agoHippocampal place cells and somatostatin-positive interneurons balance stability and plasticity through different mechanisms, with place cells changing their representations over time and in response to new environments, while interneurons show stable firing properties but increase activity in new environments.
8144h agoSerotonin differentially affects different types of inhibitory neurons in the olfactory system of Drosophila, adjusting the dynamic range of output neurons and reducing noise in odor representations.
8144h agoThe morphologies of neurons determine the structured, non-random connectivity in neuronal networks, which can be explained by individual neurons covering a small, spatially continuous part of the space.
8144h agoIndividual differences in how people represent concepts in their brains are systematic and measurable, and vary greatly, especially in areas that process social information.
8144h agoThe prefrontal cortex, specifically the orbitofrontal cortex, plays a key role in tracking sound regularities and forming expectations to guide perception and behavior.
8144h agoSynchronous bimodal sensory stimulation at a slow frequency accelerates the oscillation frequency of neurons in the basolateral nucleus of amygdala, but this effect is transient and reversible.
8144h agoREM sleep delta waves change with age and Alzheimer's disease, shifting from fast sawtooth waves to slow NREM-like waves, which is linked to impaired memory and associated with amyloid-beta, tau burden, and genetic risk for Alzheimer's.
8144h agoMaterial engagement theory suggests that craftwork relies on interacting with materials, rather than detailed internal planning, to guide the creative process.
8144h agoA simple model using deep learning classifies electroencephalography (EEG) signals by integrating connectivity patterns and identifies important features to predict Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) with approximately 76% accuracy.
8144h agoThe Schrodinger bridge approach effectively reconstructs neural signals from noisy data by modeling the noise accumulation process and decoding the true signal.
8144h agoIdentifiability analysis helps evaluate the reliability of digital twin models for disease prediction, and its application to an Alzheimer's Disease model reveals that data quality and model structure affect parameter estimation, with differences in identifiability across diagnostic groups and variability in disease progression.
8148h agoPersonalized models of brain stimulation show that frontal anodal stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region is more effective than posterior stimulation in delaying neurophysiological deterioration in Alzheimer's disease patients.
8148h agoOngoing topics and discussions at conferences in computational chemistry are reflected on.
8152h agoA cost-effective strategy called surrogate functional false discovery rates increases power in genome-wide association studies by leveraging genetic correlations between related traits.
8152h agoOscillations and functional connectivity in the brain best match real observations when the brain's neural networks operate in a meta-stable regime with small delays and realistic oscillation lifetimes.
8152h agoClosed-loop intrathalamic projections between thalamocortical relay neurons and inhibitory neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus best reproduce thalamic spiking and local field potential responses across awake and sleep states.
8152h agoA five-cell-type human neurovascular culture system reveals that traumatic brain injury leads to chronic neurovascular dysfunction through a biphasic response of acute endothelial disintegration and delayed, incomplete repair.
8152h agoA new technique called mFISH3D enables the visualization of multiple types of mRNAs in intact organs, such as the mouse and human brain, allowing for a comprehensive investigation of cellular ecosystems and vulnerabilities in diseases.
8152h agoClaudin-like protein CLC-3 regulates motor system output by influencing synaptic vesicle organization and cholinergic signalling in neurons.
8152h agoPsilocybin reorganizes directed interactions in the brain, particularly outgoing influences from the left hippocampus, while preserving structure-based scaling, and links these changes to individual differences in the psychedelic experience.
8152h agoStreamline Density Normalization (SDNorm) reduces variability in bundle reconstructions, improving the reproducibility of tractometry analysis across different image acquisition protocols and tractography settings.
8152h agoCyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) inhibitors with promising activity are identified, providing a potential starting point for developing treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
8152h agoEvolutionary search metaheuristics outperform approximate Bayesian computation in calibrating neural mass models to recreate brain activity, offering a more efficient and accurate method for understanding brain dynamics.
8152h agoTemperature fluctuations alter neuronal excitability, leading to narrower and higher-frequency spikes with reduced amplitudes, and ultimately causing a loss of sustained firing via temperature-induced depolarization block.
8152h agoSpeech disfluency in early childhood is linked to localized structural differences in brain regions that support motor planning and cognitive control.
8152h agoSemantic composition changes the brain's neural representations of concepts, and the way concepts are combined affects how the brain's semantic network is used.
8156h agoMemories encoded at different times can be linked together in the brain if they occur within certain time frames, and this linking is associated with increased activity in the hippocampus and amygdala.
8160h agoFunctional PET (fPET) with high temporal resolution enables accurate imaging of molecular connectivity, and a new preprocessing approach, CompCor, improves the reliability of estimating metabolic connectivity from fPET data.
8160h agoScientists developed a CRISPR screening platform to study mouse brain cells and used it to identify genes and pathways necessary for neuronal survival.
8164h agoTwo strains of the protein alpha-synuclein can interact and work together to accelerate the progression of disease in mice, leading to a shortened disease onset.
8164h agoShank3 loss disrupts normal brain activity in taste processing, leading to inefficient learning and updating of behaviors in response to negative outcomes.
8164h agoStimulation of local excitatory or inhibitory neurons modulates theta power in a phase-dependent manner, with continuous stimulation of excitatory cells leading to stronger modulation.
8164h agoThe complement system, particularly the complement component3 (C3), is upregulated in mice with a genetic deletion associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, leading to hyperactive behavior and a pro-inflammatory environment in the brain.
8164h agoHouseflies maintain visual accuracy during ultrafast motion through a mechanism called synaptic high-frequency jumping, which allows their visual neurons to sample and transmit information at extremely high rates.
8168h agoFrontal midline theta oscillations play a role in the flexible updating of statistical regularities, allowing people to adaptively reorganize their mental representations of prior experiences.
8168h agoThe visual system prepares ahead of time for relevant upcoming events by enhancing early visual responses, allowing for efficient memory-guided selection of important information.
8168h agoPeople with obsessive-compulsive disorder show weaker activation in certain brain areas and stronger activation in other areas during executive control tasks.
8168h agoNeural progenitors in the neonatal subventricular zone have distinctive molecular profiles that differ from neural stem cells, with specific genes and transcription factors expressed in different progenitor subsets.
8168h agoThe brain organizes working memory representations based on environmental structure, switching between relational and item-based coding strategies to maximize coding efficiency.
8168h agoThe brain's ability to make rhythmic and melodic predictions while listening to music is influenced by individual differences in auditory-motor interactions, with people who are better at synchronizing sounds showing stronger neural tracking of rhythmic predictions.
8168h agoHippocampal activity is necessary for working memory maintenance, as disrupting it impairs performance and disrupts neural representations that support memory.
8168h agoCombining data from multiple patients allows speech brain-computer interfaces to be trained more quickly and accurately, improving communication for people with neuromotor disorders.
8168h agoSemantic elaboration enhances episodic memory formation by influencing neural oscillations, specifically by speeding up information processing and modulating alpha-beta oscillations during encoding and retrieval.
8168h agoThe tdc2+ adrenergic-like system modulates competition among central pattern generating networks controlling locomotion in Drosophila larvae by promoting forward locomotion and suppressing backwards locomotion.
8168h agoMitochondria delivery to motor nerve terminals is required for Drosophila larvae to sustain body-wall contractions.
8168h agoA specific neural circuit in the brain directly senses internal energy levels and modulates sweet sensation by inhibiting the neurons that detect sweetness.
8168h agoMice and humans assess the intensity of smells using a common perceptual scale, and this scale corresponds to the actual intensity of the odor.
8168h agoA diet enriched with berries prevents motor deficits and protects brain cells in mice with Parkinson's disease-like symptoms.
8168h agoDownregulating a key glycolytic enzyme called Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) in clock cells disrupts the circadian rhythm by reducing a protein called Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) through a regulatory pathway involving TARANIS (TARA), leading to a shorter circadian period.
8168h agoThe posterior segments of larval Drosophila melanogaster coordinately power the piston phase of crawling, while anterior segments allow for greater flexibility to enable reorienting behaviors.
8168h agoA clinically deployable AI system using 2D brain MRI data accurately classifies Alzheimer's disease severity and provides clinically meaningful visualizations of model decision-making.
8168h agoPurposeful behavior relies on world models where descriptive and prescriptive aspects co-emerge from an agent's goal through interaction with the environment.
8172h agoHuman brains need dynamic binding, multi-place predicates, and structure mapping to enable symbolic thought, which is a key difference between human and most animal brains.
8172h agoThe brain uses lateral predictive coding to construct internal representations of salient features in sensory signals, balancing energetic cost and information robustness.
8172h agoFlexible tool selection is enabled by a new framework that uses low-dimensional attribute representations to bridge visual tool perception and linguistic task understanding, achieving 74% accuracy in tool selection tasks.
8172h agoA systematic search method identifies Hirota bilinear systems for nonlinear evolution equations, and finds that different solutions of the same class are associated with a single bilinear system.
8172h agoThe logistic map with a specific parameter value generates sequences with ideal statistical properties for channel estimation schemes, making it suitable for use in coding and transmission systems.
8172h agoNon-Hermitian perturbations transform point-like Dirac monopoles into extended monopole distributions with distinct charge configurations.
8172h agoA new framework called GEN2 accurately forecasts extreme event statistics in climate change scenarios by combining a prediction step with a machine-learning correction step.
8172h agoThe study investigates a variant of the Saltzman-Maasch model for Pleistocene glacial cycles and identifies Hopf and Bautin bifurcations that govern the emergence of stable and unstable limit cycles.
8172h agoPhysical systems can store information in many different ways, and the landscape of 2D many-body memories is vast, with diverse types of memories that can correct errors, stabilize phases, and preserve information under various conditions.
8172h agoInteractions between multiple pathogens during an epidemic can be understood using new models that capture two-pathogen dynamics with spatial diffusion and cross-diffusion.
8172h agoThe matrix analogue of the logistic map converges to the invariant measure of the logistic map for an arbitrary initial ensemble of hermitian random matrices.
8172h ago2D cellular automata can generate 3D terrains through a simple additive approach, producing navigable landscapes suitable for game terrain generation.
8172h agoDisorder correlations in certain high-dimensional graphs lead to robust multifractality in eigenstates, characterised by a broad distribution of inverse participation ratios and an emergent fragmentation into one-dimensional chains.
8172h agoThe ground-state quantum metric and average localization length are proportional in one-dimensional systems near criticality, and a novel insulating state called superdielectric emerges with a finite quantum metric and divergent static electric susceptibility.
8172h agoThe preparation of long-range entangled states via quantum measurements depends on the readout protocol and exhibits a rich phase structure with transitions between short-range entangled, long-range entangled, and mixed states.
8172h agoCP2K is a versatile open-source software package that can simulate a wide range of atomistic systems using quantum-mechanical and classical simulation methods to compute static and dynamical properties.
8172h agoThe brain uses lateral predictive coding to construct internal representations of salient features in sensory signals, balancing energetic cost and information robustness.
8172h agoEcological feedbacks allow invading species and their parents to coexist by driving the extinction of low-abundance species, with a new concept of "dressed invasion fitness" helping to explain this phenomenon.
8172h agoThe spin-opstring, a compact representation of QMC simulation cells, effectively captures phase transitions and predicts superfluid density in quantum systems using machine learning.
8172h agoMeasurement-based quantum diffusion models bridge classical and quantum diffusion theory, generating stochastic quantum trajectories while preserving purity and inducing depolarization.
8172h agoHematological malignancies and cardiovascular diseases increase the risk of early-onset cerebral beta-amyloidosis, likely due to vascular injury.
8172h agoTemperature fluctuations alter neuronal excitability by accelerating gating dynamics, leading to narrower and higher-frequency spikes, reduced amplitudes, and ultimately a loss of sustained firing.
8172h agoAnts produce a single functional odorant receptor from large arrays of related genes through a regulatory mechanism involving non-canonical transcription and bidirectional promoters.
8176h agoMultimodal language models have limitations in chemistry and materials research.
8180h agoAn artificial intelligence model uses language models and molecular perturbations to overcome data scarcity in RNA drug development.
8180h agoAlcohol use increases Alzheimer's disease pathology by changing brain circuits and protein accumulation in a way that depends on the type of protein involved.
8180h agoBrain functions for binocular convergent eye movements involve highly distributed network pathways, with some pathways contributing more than others.
8180h agoHeterozygous pathogenic variants in the DHDDS gene cause a rare genetic disease characterized by developmental delay, seizures, and movement abnormalities.
8180h agoOlder adults show lower motor performance quality than younger adults, especially in challenging bimanual tasks, due to age-related changes in brain activity, particularly in the left premotor cortex and bilateral parietal areas.
8180h agoHigh working-memory load while driving causes slower reaction times, poorer accuracy, and compensatory driving behaviors, and is linked to specific changes in brain activity and eye movements.
8180h agoDeleting a protein called HDAC2 in brain cells promotes the growth of new blood vessels and helps repair damaged brain tissue after a stroke.
8180h agoNegative affectivity, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, influences the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory, with individuals having higher levels showing greater gains.
8180h agoHeart rate variability is linked to respiratory cycles and temporarily changes in response to specific conditions, and its relationship with perceptual performance shows that different components of heart rate modulation have opposing effects on visual perception.
8180h agoThe perirhinal cortex plays a critical role in processing tactile information by transforming detailed sensory features into abstract and invariant representations.
8180h agoThe study identifies five genes - Ephb2, En2, Cadps2, Igsf21, and Cep170 - as potential modifiers of epilepsy susceptibility, which target neurodevelopmental processes not currently addressed by existing treatments.
8184h agoWhite matter neurons are present in human long-range white matter tracts, including the uncinate fasciculus and corpus callosum, with varying densities.
8184h agoScientists developed a method called WHOLISTIC to record the activity of all cells in the body at the same time, and used it to discover new responses of specific cell types to stimuli, interactions between organs, and brain-body interactions.
8184h agoChronic brain infection and IL-1 exposure impair spatial memory by triggering DNA double-strand break signaling in hippocampal neurons.
8188h agoThe cortical body map remains stable after arm amputation, with no evidence of hand or face reorganization, challenging theories of brain remapping after limb loss.
8188h agoA new method called Activity Coefficient-based Channel Selection (ACCS) selects the most useful EEG channels to improve brain-computer interface accuracy by identifying a reusable set of channels that work across different applications.
8196h agoSpike-based control signals cause learning to collapse in artificial sensor-motor systems when the number of motor neurons or independent synaptic bundles exceeds a critical limit.
8196h agoHigher prompt engineering literacy is associated with distinct neural signatures, including increased functional connectivity in brain regions such as the left middle temporal gyrus and the left frontal pole.
8196h agoIntelligence emerges from the structured reuse of prior inference trajectories, and can be modeled using Memory-Amortized Inference (MAI), a framework that views cognition as inference over latent cycles in memory.
8196h agoCalculating the Lyapunov exponent helps understand how chaos develops in cardiac systems and can be effectively applied to action potential duration data to quantify complexity.
8196h agoCompeting short-range repulsion and long-range attractive forces cause agents in a plane to form vacuum regions that can turn into fissures or bubbles, which may then transition to isolated particle clusters.
8196h agoSpike-based control signals cause learning to collapse in artificial sensor-motor systems when the number of motor neurons or independent synaptic bundles exceeds a critical limit.
8196h agoConformally symplectic diffeomorphisms reveal deep interactions between a manifold's topology, a map's dynamics, and the geometry of invariant manifolds, with the conformal factors related to topological properties and restricted to algebraic numbers on some manifolds.
8196h agoThe propagation speed of fronts moving into unstable states is not solely determined by the leading edge behavior, as the state left behind in the wake of the front can be different from what is predicted by this behavior.
8196h agoSmall phase perturbations can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks.
8196h agoThe study constructs spin lattice models with four-spin and three-spin interactions using duality transformations of the star-square relation and the generalized star-triangle relation for Ising-like lattice spin models.
8196h agoThe study derives a hierarchy that describes the time evolution of local observables in many-body Hamiltonian systems, combining integrable contact interactions with long-range potentials, and validates it with molecular-dynamics simulations.
8196h agoSelf-organization in complex systems leads to emergent properties, and a Complex System Response (CSR) function can predict system-level properties by revealing a link between element interactions and emergent properties.
8196h agoA binary decision process model simulates how individual interactions influence pre-evacuation time in crowds, combining opinion dynamics with phase transition to describe group behavior.
8196h agoA topologically trivial intermediate regime emerges in interacting non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattices, where states are primarily multifractal and have a fully real spectrum, before transitioning to a non-Hermitian many-body localization regime.
8196h agoNeural quantum states require high-order correlations, even for simple product states, to faithfully represent a quantum state.
8196h agoThe solvability of exactly fitting an ellipsoid to n standard Gaussian random vectors in d-dimensional space sharply transitions at a threshold of n/d^2 = 1/4.
8196h agoMachine learning models predict electron density in concentrated alloys across composition space, enabling accelerated exploration of material properties.
8196h agoThe modern Hopfield network model, when adapted to an open quantum system, exhibits qualitatively distinct behaviors, including additional stable fixed points in ferromagnetic and limit cycle phases.
8196h agoQuasi-second-order optimization methods outperform first-order methods in variational Monte Carlo calculations when the wavefunction is sufficiently expressive to represent the ground-state.
8196h agoDepression has five unique phenotypes, each with distinct symptom profiles and brain activity patterns, identified through magnetoencephalography (MEG) and machine learning analysis.
8200h agoPeople's cognitive styles, which reflect how they balance prior knowledge and sensory evidence, change across their lifespan, with older adults tending to rely more on sensory information and less on prior knowledge.
8200h agoSleep and retrieval training do not enhance weakly encoded memories, and sigma power, a proxy for sleep spindles, has a negative impact on memory outcomes, with retrieval training and restudy leading to better memory results than sleep and wake interventions.
8204h agoIntravenous delivery of a gene therapy that helps restore TDP-43 function in motor neurons slows disease progression and prevents paralysis in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
8204h agoRetrieval training, but not sleep, leads to greater accuracy for identifying old memories, but makes it harder to distinguish similar false memories.
8204h agoWhite matter microstructure in the human brain increases during childhood and adolescence, then remains stable in early adulthood, and gradually declines from midlife onwards, with genetic variations influencing these changes.
8204h agoRapid Invisible Frequency Tagging (RIFT) can be reliably implemented using an affordable 480 Hz OLED monitor and low-density EEG equipment to study neural responses to almost imperceptible flicker.
8204h agoEEG waveform patterns can serve as biomarkers to predict genotypes related to neurological diseases, specifically epilepsy, with a machine learning approach achieving 70% accuracy in predicting mouse strain and 67% sensitivity in identifying epilepsy-genotype.
8204h agoCortical thickness changes occur years before amyloid levels become abnormal, contradicting the idea that high amyloid levels are the first sign of Alzheimer's disease.
8204h agoLoss of MECP2 function causes delayed puberty by disrupting normal development of reproductive hormones and neurons that control puberty.
8208h agoA large language model-based agent called SciToolAgent enables automated and effective execution of scientific research workflows by orchestrating scientific tools via a knowledge graph.
8212h agoAmyloid positivity affects white matter pathways in the brain, causing localized microstructural abnormalities, which are potentially mediated by tau and lead to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
8212h agoThe human hippocampus has a hybrid organization, with both discrete anatomical subfields and continuous functional gradients, that work together across different spatial scales.
8216h agoThe multisensory network's functional organization and its connections to other brain networks relate more strongly to clinical sensory issues than to specific neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
8216h agoThe hippocampus encodes visual attributes in a flexible format, and brain areas including ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and primary visual cortex combine neural patterns for familiar stimuli to represent novel stimuli.
8216h agoThe brain's white matter pathways, particularly those connected to the supplementary motor area, predict individual differences in effort and reward sensitivity, which shape goal-directed behavior.
8216h agoDopamine neurons in the midbrain use glycogen as a fuel store to maintain their function under low-energy conditions, and dopamine itself regulates this process.
8216h agoThe neural encoding of facial expressions remains robust and unchanged when people view faces with or without 3D depth cues.
8216h agoBehavioral task demands increase neural responses to target locations both inside and outside the receptive fields of auditory cortical neurons.
8216h agoDifferences in sensory circuitry drive variation in mate preferences, fueling the evolution of reproductive barriers between species.
8216h agoSensory inner hair cells develop specialized scaffolds called synaptic ribbons through a dynamic process that requires synaptic activity.
8216h agoSleep helps shift emotional generalization from negative to positive, promoting a more positive emotional response to neutral stimuli.
8216h agoSwine brains have many immature cells that can develop into new neurons and migrate to different areas, suggesting a high capacity for postnatal brain plasticity and regeneration.
8216h agoProbabilistic tractography produces more consistent bundle shapes across subjects, but may miss subtle pathological changes, whereas deterministic tractography may be more sensitive to these changes.
8216h agoOngoing thoughts during rest are reflected in brain connectivity patterns, which predict individual differences in behavior and everyday experiences.
8216h agoEarly treatment with gene therapy that targets the central nervous system is key to effectively treating Niemann-Pick disease, type C, with best results achieved when treatment is given to neonates.
8216h agoThe aging mouse brain shows dynamic changes in protein and mRNA levels, including decreased mitochondrial function and deteriorating translation efficiency, which are linked to changes in protein properties and predispose to neurodegeneration.
8216h agoA new method called IHC/LCM-Seq identifies 14,000-16,000 transcripts in specific brain cells, revealing distinct gene expression patterns in appetite-regulating neurons.
8216h agoActivation of specific female interneurons triggers vaginal plate opening, a behavior that signals receptivity to mating in Drosophila females.
8216h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in mediating expectation-driven opioid analgesic tolerance by suppressing pain relief in certain contexts.
8216h agoA new analysis system called TWARDIS uses artificial intelligence to accurately and automatically analyze images of Caenorhabditis elegans, overcoming limitations of traditional methods and enabling high-definition postural and neural analysis.
8216h agoThe choroid plexus, a structure that helps regulate the brain environment, shows sex differences in its cells, secretory signals, and function, which may play a role in health and disease.
8216h agoAccurate neuron localization improves spike sorting and probe reliability in brain-machine interfaces, and simple algorithms are more robust to noise and electrode degradation than complex ones.
8220h agoEye blinks while reading music can uniquely identify the music being read, with accuracy above chance level, even when listening to or imagining music.
8220h agoLearning based on synaptic plasticity follows a stochastic process, and a probabilistic framework that includes spike-time-resolving cross-correlations between pre- and postsynaptic spikes accurately captures the dynamics of synaptic weights and memory capacity.
8220h agoCombining functional ultrasound imaging with a convolutional neural network allows for data-driven identification and regional mapping of drug effects on the brain while preserving anatomical context and physiological relevance.
8220h agoMR-LFADS, a new data-driven model, disentangles communication between brain regions, inputs from unobserved areas, and local neural activity, leading to more accurate portraits of inter-regional communication.
8220h agoThe Watanabe-Strogatz theory provides a unified description of identical Kuramoto oscillator models with pairwise and higher-order interactions, showing that their dynamics are equivalent to mean-field parameters and that basin boundaries for synchronization are determined by the poles of the M\"obius transformation.
8220h agoGrid-based Bayesian Estimation Exploiting Sparsity algorithm is optimized for CPU and GPU implementation, achieving over 1000 times speedup in propagating probability distributions through Lorenz models.
8220h agoSums of iterates of the dissipative one-dimensional z logistic map converge to q-Gaussian distributions, which relate to the nonadditive entropic functional Sq, with a derived formula predicting the entropic index based on the nonlinearity order.
8220h agoPhotonic-crystal resonators enable solitons to be generated in a convenient and stable way, and their dynamics can be understood to optimize soliton formation for various applications.
8220h agoDyMixOp, a novel neural operator framework, transforms infinite-dimensional nonlinear PDE dynamics into a finite-dimensional latent space, capturing nonlinear interactions and enhancing physical interpretability.
8220h agoNonlinear compression of a long wavepacket occurs during its Bragg reflection from a domain of gradually increasing, periodically placed barriers, forming a short and tall packet of standing waves.
8220h agoAn electronic lattice with flat bands was constructed and used to generate compact localized states, which were excited and studied, revealing good agreement with theoretical predictions.
8220h agoKrylov complexity effectively identifies chaotic and integrable phases in open quantum systems, in agreement with complex spectral statistics and complex spacing ratios.
8220h agoThe connection problem for isomonodromic tau functions on the one-punctured torus is solved by deriving the connection constant and relating it to the Virasoro modular kernel and canonical transformations on the character variety.
8220h agoThe Kuralay equations, including Kuralay-I and Kuralay-II, are gauge equivalent and have integrable motion of space curves, with soliton solutions obtained through the Hirota bilinear method.
8220h agoSimultaneous symmetry breaking in spontaneous Floquet states leads to the emergence of Floquet-Nambu-Goldstone modes with zero quasi-energy, including a genuine temporal mode that provides a rare realization of a time operator in Quantum Mechanics.
8220h agoA quantum microscope based on chaotic dynamics can amplify small differences between qubit states, enabling their distinguishability and pushing the limits of precision in quantum metrology.
8220h agoA proposed generative model of temporally-evolving hypergraphs reproduces key features of empirical hypergraphs, defines a likelihood over a complete hypergraph, and achieves competitive link prediction performance with large neural networks.
8220h agoMode-locking in a multi-timescale regime is achieved on a chip using topological photonics, allowing for synchronization and independently tunable states.
8220h agoThe butterfly velocity increases with temperature and decreases with chemical potential in holographic QCD models for thermodynamically stable phases.
8220h agoA new computational method uses machine learning to quickly predict which high entropy oxides can be synthesized, speeding up the discovery of new compounds.
8220h agoAutoregressive neural networks can accurately calculate thermal observables of quantum systems when used with a modified framework that mitigates numerical instabilities.
8220h agoThe model of interacting spins on a random cubic graph exhibits a localization transition, characterized by changes in entanglement entropy and spectrum, and marked by the failure of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
8220h agoLearning based on synaptic plasticity follows a stochastic process, and a probabilistic framework that includes spike-time-resolving cross-correlations between pre- and postsynaptic spikes accurately captures the dynamics of synaptic weights and memory capacity.
8220h agoPrincipal component analysis effectively captures polarized distributions in high-dimensional binary state spaces, enabling the assessment of projected vertices and error bounds.
8220h agoA postprocessing method converts continuous solutions from column generation into feasible 0-1 solutions, enabling faster computation of high-quality approximate solutions.
8220h agoThe SYK chain model shows efficient information scrambling and thermalization in individual energy eigenstates, despite exhibiting slow thermalization in entanglement dynamics.
8220h agoDepression increases sensitivity to unpleasant odors and triggers avoidance behavior, which is linked to neuroinflammation in brain areas that process smells.
8220h agoPeople with more symptoms of apathy and anhedonia have lower expectations of achieving goals, but surprisingly, they perform better in goal-directed behaviors.
8220h agoThe core region of the amygdala encodes emotional valence primarily through a global activation signal, not through separate clusters of positive and negative voxels.
8220h agoThe amygdala plays a causal role in resolving emotional ambiguity, and disrupting its activity causes people to approach neutral, emotionally ambiguous faces more similarly to happy faces.
8220h agoFemale mice exhibit depression-like behaviors, including social withdrawal and anxiety, after experiencing chronic social defeat stress, which is linked to changes in brain chemistry and function.
8224h agoHuman cortical progenitors transplanted into a damaged mouse motor cortex mature and integrate into neural circuits, forming functional connections with target areas.
8224h agoA direct neural connection between the gut and pancreas helps regulate glucose metabolism by increasing insulin secretion and improving glucose tolerance through a circuit of nitridergic myenteric neurons.
8224h agoIncreased occurrence of 2:1 alpha-theta frequency ratios during working memory reflects functional segregation between frontal and parietal regions.
8232h agoFruit flies use a special pathway in their legs to sense the stiffness of fruit and choose the softer patches to lay their eggs.
8232h agoTrust in artificial intelligence is shaped by internal confidence signals and evaluative processing of feedback.
8232h agoThe hippocampus plays a crucial role in helping people learn new relationships by using prior knowledge of relational structures to make inferences.
8232h agoSelf-motion is a strong predictor of visual feedback, and humans exhibit robust visuomotor mismatch responses in their cortex, characterized by a distinct polarity and greater signal power.
8232h agoIFNAR1 loss leads to Parkinson's Disease with Dementia-like symptoms, including neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits, in mice, with distinct effects seen when IFNAR1 is lost in neurons versus astrocytes.
8236h agoThe Nav1.2-L1342P mutation causes increased excitability in neurons, disrupts synaptic functions, and leads to network hyperexcitability, contributing to SCN2A-related epilepsy.
8236h agoThe brain uses two separate mechanisms to learn complex patterns from noisy environments: a fast process that predicts upcoming events and a slower process that consolidates knowledge into stable neural representations.
8236h agoThe brain proactively reorganizes its functional connections in anticipation of oxygen decline, rather than in response to it, by selectively synchronizing high-level cognitive networks.
8236h agoElements of a movement sequence are pre-ordered in parallel competitively before execution, and this competitive queueing process is associated with skilled performance, even when individual movements are fused together kinematically.
8236h agoCognitive reappraisal's neural mechanisms do not closely relate to individual differences in reappraisal capabilities, and common measures of reappraisal abilities capture distinct facets of emotion regulation.
8236h agoMutations affecting proteasome function cause impaired neuronal development through overproduction of polyamines, which can be reversed by inhibiting the enzyme Ornithine decarboxylase.
8240h agoThe interaction between medial prefrontal cortex and lateral entorhinal cortex is required for both encoding and retrieval of associative recognition memory, and a direct connection from medial prefrontal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex is critical for this type of memory.
8240h agoComa after acute ischemic stroke results from lesions to both the brainstem and thalamus, and these dual-node subcortical lesions are necessary and sufficient to produce coma.
8240h agoSpiking Neural Networks with synaptic heterogeneity, modeled through synapse-specific time constants, improve performance across various tasks, exhibit robustness to noise, and enhance working memory, by allowing versatile timescale integration and capturing diverse synaptic dynamics.
8244h agoA new topological framework proposes that memory and inference are grounded in the structure of neural spike-timing dynamics, where memory is made of sparse, irreducible attractors that encode minimal, path-dependent units, and inference is a dynamic alignment between content and context.
8244h agoThe Brain-dynamic Convolutional-Network-based Embedding (BCNE) method uncovers diverse patterns in dynamic brain data by capturing brain-state trajectories and temporospatial correlations, effectively revealing interpretable information about brain function and behavior.
8244h agoClustered connections in neural networks lead to correlated dynamics, but a balance condition breaks when cluster sizes are highly heterogeneous, and reweighing connection strengths based on community sizes can restore balance.
8244h agoA unified mathematical framework combines noise-resistant processing and information maintenance through a recurrent neural circuit, enabling robust encoding and stable retention of inputs.
8244h agoSpiking networks develop distinct spatio-temporal activity patterns, characterized by synchronicity and separability, as they learn to classify visual inputs through error-correcting plasticity.
8244h agoA new neural network called FRE-RNN enables rapid and low-cost learning using Equilibrium Propagation, achieving performance similar to backpropagation in benchmark tasks.
8244h agoReplacing traditional perceptron neurons with biologically inspired probabilistic meta neurons improves the classification accuracy of spiking neural networks.
8244h agoA novel model called the Functional-Energetic Topology Model uncovers neurodynamic mechanisms of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) by identifying a key dysfunctional feedback loop that regulates somatic sensation.
8244h agoA novel technique called ASPEN enables neuromorphic systems to use less energy by reducing the number of spikes, making it suitable for ultra-low-power wearables.
8244h agoAction-unaware agents can achieve comparable performance to action-aware agents in navigation tasks, even when at a severe disadvantage.
8244h agoThoughtful construction of brain graphs from fMRI data improves classification accuracy in neuroimaging by systematically choosing data processing techniques.
8244h agoThe structure of neural network connections, not just the strength of individual connections, determines the collective activity of the network.
8244h agoHumans use a mix of walking and running when moving at speeds between 1.9 and 3.0 meters per second over long distances, and this mix is determined by energy efficiency.
8244h agoA new computational method called Moba-MIRA estimates the mutual information rate that neurons transmit, requiring only a few tens of stimulus repetitions and providing accurate results.
8244h agoA novel brain model that accounts for hemisphere differences improves the accuracy of simulated brain activity in both healthy individuals and those with schizophrenia.
8244h agoA new computational framework called HOI-Brain uses higher-order interactions in brain regions to accurately diagnose brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism.
8244h agoThe study derives a framework that predicts the existence of inverse solutions for motor neuron identification and finds that increasing similarity of motor unit action potentials or correlation between spike trains increases bias for detecting high amplitude motor units.
8244h agoFlexible tool selection is achieved through a framework that uses low-dimensional attribute representations to bridge visual tool perception and linguistic task understanding, with a model accuracy of 74%.
8244h agoTransformers develop in-context learning capability when trained on diverse tasks, allowing them to generalize to new tasks outside their training data.
8244h agoThe algebro-geometric theory of Painlev\'e equations solves the Painlev\'e identification problem for two examples by providing explicit coordinate transformations and Hamiltonians.
8244h agoThe study examines the dynamics of oscillons in 1-dimensional spacetime field theories, finding connections with previous studies and new insights into the reduced system and original system dynamics.
8244h agoThe Behavioural Swarms framework provides a comprehensive model of collective behaviour, where each particle's adaptive decision-making and heterogeneous behavioural states co-evolve through nonlocal interactions, predicting emergent macroscopic patterns from individual behaviours.
8244h agoA refined version of the discrete Painlev\'e identification problem helps describe a discrete Painlev\'e dynamic by going beyond surface type.
8244h agoThe high-frequency EEG spectra of the human brain show bi-stability and structural changes during epileptic episodes, with distinct differences in the gamma band between normal and seizure conditions.
8244h agoA novel three-stage framework improves image inpainting by accurately imaging specific objects, recovering structures, and refining textures, achieving competitive performance and robustness in various scenarios.
8244h agoThe Michaelis-Menten kinetics model reveals a stiffness behavior in all scenarios when inhibitory mechanisms are introduced, and shows that an inhibitor can act as an activator that favors product formation.
8244h agoA new topological framework proposes that memory and inference are grounded in the structure of neural spike-timing dynamics, where memory is made of sparse, irreducible attractors that encode minimal, path-dependent units, and inference is a dynamic alignment between content and context.
8244h agoBinomial maps allow stochastic evolution of population dynamics models, enabling analysis of finite-population effects like demographic noise and extinction.
8244h agoA nonlinear dimer-chain model exhibits quantized transport of kinks under periodic modulation, driven by instabilities in topological boundary modes.
8244h agoThe development of a quantum causal index reveals that causal influence in quantum systems propagates at a finite speed and shows coherent oscillations.
8244h agoA novel framework combines synchronization theory and multi-agent AI systems to describe how heterogeneous AI agents work together to execute complex tasks.
8244h agoThe periodic elliptic Ruijsenaars chain has a classical dynamical $r$-matrix structure that provides Liouville integrability, and its continuous non-relativistic limit reproduces a Maillet type non-ultralocal $r$-matrix structure for the elliptic Calogero-Moser model.
8244h agoThe improved method uses Bayesian optimization to automatically estimate partial differential equations and delay partial differential equations from data and yields robust predictive models.
8244h agoA new affective computing platform captures personalized statistical power from brief data samples by analyzing facial micropeaks from short videos and combining them with AI-driven face-grid estimation methods.
8244h agoSystems can proactively leverage environmental and social changes to reconfigure and adapt, leading to improved viability, through a process called allostatic and social allostatic regulation.
8244h agoThe quantum sinh-Gordon model on a multi-sheeted Riemann surface uses composite branch-point twist operators to help compute entanglement entropies, and this work develops a technique to calculate form factors of these operators in the semiclassical approximation.
8244h agoSpectral fluctuations in multilayer networks follow universal patterns, and the random matrix theory framework can characterize these patterns and probe the complexities of real-world networks.
8244h agoRare event algorithms can provide a quicker and cheaper way to assess climate risks by simulating extreme weather events, and have been adapted to work with sudden and transient events like heavy precipitation and heat extremes.
8244h agoA bijection is constructed between the state of the box-ball system and a pair of two sequences, with one sequence moving at speed 1 and the other following the rules of a linearized box-ball system.
8244h agoA field-theoretic model with a twelfth-degree polynomial potential has multiple topological sectors with kinks of different masses, and exhibits complex interaction forces and collision phenomena between kinks and antikinks.
8244h agoA new method can infer the network of synchronized and desynchronized oscillators from time series data, expanding the applicability of network inference to a wider class of oscillatory systems.
8244h agoHigher connection density in adaptive networks leads to both local clustering and global synchrony, while lower density networks tend to fragment into desynchronized clusters.
8244h agoA system can self-organize to operate on the verge of multiple phase transitions at the same time, allowing it to exhibit different critical behaviors simultaneously.
8244h agoA machine learning method estimates the largest Lyapunov exponent from one-dimensional chaotic time series by training a predictor to produce forecasts and inferring the exponent from forecast error growth.
8244h agoThe analysis presents a framework for calculating velocity correlations in compressible quantum fluids, identifying distinct signatures of short- and long-range correlations for vortices and rarefaction pulses.
8244h agoA novel brain model that accounts for hemisphere differences improves the accuracy of simulated brain activity in both healthy individuals and those with schizophrenia.
8244h agoChemical reaction networks have a thermodynamic cost function that ranks pathways based on maintenance and restriction costs, which decrease as reactions supporting the throughput current are added.
8244h agoChaotic instabilities occur before thermalization in weakly perturbed integrable many-body systems, and there are two distinct scenarios: confined chaos where chaos occurs while trajectories are still confined to certain regions, and deconfined chaos where chaos and thermalization happen on the same timescale.
8244h agoA new method called Scattering Backpropagation allows efficient measurement of approximated gradients for nonlinear optical neural networks, enabling training without requiring a mathematical model of the physical nonlinearity.
8244h agoCharge disorder in dielectric slabs causes a downward shift of an atom's energy levels, resulting in an attractive force that can compete with the Casimir-Polder force, with the shift decaying at different rates depending on whether the disorder is in the bulk or on the surface.
8244h agoTwo neural network-enhanced approaches, sample-based neural diagonalization and adaptive-basis sample-based neural diagonalization, efficiently estimate ground-state energies of quantum many-body systems by sampling relevant basis configurations and optimizing a basis transformation.
8244h agoAmorphous disorder in meta-materials leads to two kinds of localization: Anderson localization and compact, macroscopically degenerate localized states, which emerge due to the cooperation between the structure of the localized states and the geometry of the amorphous graph.
8244h agoThe dynamics of a one-dimensional local spin system generates entanglement at a slow rate, denoted by a $\log \, t$-law, when the system's behavior follows a Lieb-Robinson bound with a logarithmic lightcone.
8244h agoTopological Anderson insulators emerge in a one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled chain with Fibonacci modulation, transforming a trivial band structure into multiple topologically nontrivial phases with zero-energy modes and multifractal wave functions.
8244h agoOscillator Ising Machines are a promising platform for fast and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, achieving around 97% test accuracy on MNIST and 88% on Fashion-MNIST with robust performance under realistic hardware constraints.
8244h agoA strong coupling to a thermal bath can localize spins in a quantum interacting spin system, even when its many-body eigenstates are ergodic.
8244h agoDipolar interactions in a quasiperiodic potential give rise to a complex coexistence of localized and extended quantum states.
8244h agoThe structure of neural network connections, not just the strength of individual connections, determines the collective activity of the network.
8244h agoA new computational method called Moba-MIRA estimates the mutual information rate that neurons transmit, requiring only a few tens of stimulus repetitions and providing accurate results.
8244h agoTransformers develop in-context learning capability when trained on diverse tasks, allowing them to generalize to new tasks outside their training data.
8244h agoThe pinning transition in annealed and quenched systems occurs at different points in the thermodynamic limit.
8244h agoScientists have developed genetic tools to track and manipulate transmitter-specific vesicles in living worms, allowing them to map co-expression of vesicular transporters and show that over 10% of neurons exhibit co-transmission.
8248h agoBrain endothelial cells become senescent with aging, changing their metabolic profile and contributing to a leaky blood-brain barrier, which can lead to cerebrovascular diseases and dementia.
8248h agoAn adapted electronic von Frey device is more effective than a standard von Frey device in detecting knee joint pain behavior and evaluating pain relief treatments in osteoarthritis models.
8252h agoIctal chirp patterns in EEG recordings cluster among patients with shared clinical profiles and their spectral durations in seizure onset zones are associated with surgical outcomes.
8252h agoThe fasciola cinereum (FC) contains functionally distinct neurons that are less excitable than neighboring CA1 pyramidal cells, with properties shaped by Kv2.1 and Kv7 potassium channels.
8252h agoIschemic stroke causes changes in claudin-5 protein isoform expression, which correlates with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and poor neurological outcomes.
8252h agoA practical preprocessing pipeline effectively reduces artifacts and noise in single pulse TMS-iEEG data, allowing for cleaner signals to analyze intracranial TMS-evoked potentials.
8252h agoOlder and younger adults use different neural mechanisms to make fair decisions when interacting with others of similar or different ages.
8252h agoMutations in the hepaCAM gene disrupt its normal functioning in astrocytes, leading to changes in its distribution and protein interactions that may contribute to the development of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC).
8252h agoA new system enables simultaneous recording of over 10,000 neurons from the entire bilateral dorsal cortex at up to four depths using large field-of-view two-photon microscopy.
8252h agoTruncated isoforms of the human glutamate transporter EAA1 self-assemble into stable, beta-sheet-enriched oligomers, a structure that could play a role in neurodegeneration.
8252h agoNew methods can accurately extract neuronal spiking rates from mesoscale calcium imaging recordings by accounting for noise and calcium indicator dynamics.
8252h agoFoxp1 and Foxp2 help create diverse Purkinje cell subtypes, and Foxp1+ Purkinje cells are required for forming the cerebellar hemisphere.
8256h agoLoss of dopamine within the basal ganglia leads to changes in neuronal activity, and decreased TRPC3 conductance in SNr dendrites is a key factor in altered activity in the dopamine-depleted state.
8256h agoThe development of brain connectivity from infancy to adulthood involves a shift from linear to nonlinear modes of brain communication.
8256h agoMisfolded protein aggregation leads to neurodegenerative diseases through pathways that remain unclear, but research in a scrapie model shows that thalamus and hippocampal areas exhibit the greatest pathological burden with region-specific histopathological features.
8256h agoMuscle network analysis reveals distinct patterns of muscle interactions in stroke survivors that can be used to stratify patients by impairment severity and therapeutic responsiveness.
8256h agoThe gene DPP6 modulates ethanol's effects on reward, anxiety, and sedation in mice, with its absence leading to greater preference for ethanol, increased locomotor activity, and enhanced anxiolytic response in a sex-dependent manner.
8256h agoA new computational tool called Scratcher enables automated analysis of scratching behaviour in mice, revealing that neural activity in the lateral parabrachial nucleus modulates itch-evoked scratching.
8256h agoCortical inhibition, mediated by GABA, dynamically changes with brain state, increasing during wakefulness, decreasing during sleep, and varying regionally in response to internally generated hippocampal activity.
8256h agoRatDISCO is a simple and cost-effective method for clearing tissue in adult rat brains that enables robust detection of diverse brain cells and structures across different species and models.
8256h agoVisual surprise triggers whole-brain neural representations of prediction error that are generalised across different visual attributes but occur at distinct times for each attribute.
8256h agoTau hyperphosphorylation and mislocalization in progressive supranuclear palsy-Richardson syndrome are caused by changes in the extracellular matrix produced by vascular leptomeningeal-like cells, which can be reversed by inhibiting certain signaling pathways.
8256h agoThe inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases by cancer drugs disrupts the balance of taste cells in the tongue, leading to a reduced ability to taste sweetness.
8256h agoThe salience network, including the anterior cingulate cortex, plays a substantial role in the generation of tinnitus, while the inferior parietal lobe contributes to its persistence.
8256h agoAstrocytes respond differently to inflammatory triggers, showing increased neurotoxicity when exposed to certain chemicals, and astrocytes with senescent features have a higher level of neurotoxicity, linking aging to neurodegenerative diseases.
8256h agoSpinal motor neurons can be driven by impulsive common inputs, which induce synchronization among them and disrupt the linear transmission of other synaptic inputs.
8256h agoScientists developed a method to quantify cognitive resilience, identifying two distinct molecular subtypes with unique signatures, and showed that brain-derived molecular profiles can be translated to living individuals.
8256h agoThe ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) mediates diverse modes of endocytosis by driving closure of both fusion and fission pores, and plays a central role in regulating membrane fission, endocytosis, and exo-endocytosis coupling.
8256h agoA decrease in hippocampal androgen and estrogen levels with normal aging in male rats corresponds with a decrease in hippocampal dendritic spine density.
8264h agoA specific neural circuit involving serotonin projections from the median raphe region to the ventral hippocampus regulates anxiety-like behavior differently in female and male mice.
8264h agoThe mouse brain's molecular and structural complexity is mapped in a new dataset, which enables better analysis of brain regions and improves automated segmentation methods.
8264h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) changes brain signals in methamphetamine users, making their brain activity more like that of healthy people, which can be used to evaluate the treatment's effectiveness.
8268h agoThe Allee-based nonlinear plasticity model provides a robust framework for modeling neural adaptation, offering enhanced noise robustness, stable synaptic weights, and improved memory retention and pattern retrieval.
8268h agoA common framework is created to map all current and planned neuromodulation-based physiological closed-loop controllers, integrating FDA guidance, biomarker classification, and control systems theory to manage risk and optimize device development.
8268h agoTargeted stimulation of the most central neurons in a neural network enhances signal propagation between weakly connected neural populations.
8268h agoSophisticated Learning, a planning-to-learn algorithm, improves decision making under uncertainty by embedding active parameter learning inside a tree-search framework, allowing it to outperform other algorithms in a seasonal foraging task.
8268h agoWeak higher-order interactions can enhance synchronization in complex systems, while strong ones generally work against it.
8268h agoA three-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system develops a homoclinic/heteroclinic tangle as its normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds form and then lose normal hyperbolicity with increasing energy.
8268h agoRecurrence Pattern Correlation (RPC) measures the correlation degree of recurrence patterns to identify localized structures in time series dynamics.
8268h agoThe kinetic theory of soliton gases develops a solvable model for wave-mean field interaction in integrable turbulence, predicting soliton filtering and an induced mean field.
8268h agoA universal physical mechanism based on amplitude modulation and demodulation generates 1/f fluctuations, which are observed in a wide range of systems, through stochastic synchronization among oscillators and frequency-selective resonance.
8268h agoIncorporating the spatial coupling structure of a target system into machine learning models improves their ability to learn large-scale chaotic systems.
8268h agoA unified framework reveals that amplification in linear dynamical systems follows a general law, where response variance increases with a non-normal gain proportional to the square of a non-normal index, and applies to various physical, natural, and social systems.
8268h agoThe Ising ferromagnet with long-range power-law interactions has a ferromagnetic phase at finite temperatures when the interaction range exponent is between 0.74 and 2.
8268h agoFlat domain walls in ferromagnets become unstable and exhibit chaotic behavior when driven by a uniform magnetic field above a certain threshold.
8268h agoA passive leakage removal unit based on coupled disordered transmons protects the qubit subspace from leakage and removes leakage excitations through propagation and reset by feedback-measurement or dissipation.
8268h agoThe inner ear contributes to selective attention by modulating sound emissions based on focus on specific voices in noisy environments.
8284h agoParvalbumin interneurons contribute to spontaneous neurovascular dynamics and mediate the link between gamma oscillations and resting-state hemodynamic signals.
8284h agoTheta oscillations are related to spatial exploration, while alpha oscillations are associated with sustained attention, and both play a role in attentional processing depending on the dimension being explored.
8284h agoExcitatory subtypes in the visual cortex have distinct geometric signatures in population neural trajectories, with Cux2 neurons showing smaller trajectory scales and Emx1 and Slc17a7 neurons supporting broader, distributed integration.
8284h agoPrenatal lead exposure alters the development of brain cells, leading to more neurons and fewer astrocytes, which may contribute to cognitive and behavioral impairment.
8284h agoNMDAR loss in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence initially decreases dendritic spine density, but leads to a rebound in spine density and increased neurotransmission over time through compensatory mechanisms.
8288h agoAn interneuronal neuropeptidergic pathway helps regulate the balance between motor consistency and flexibility in skilled behaviors, such as birdsong, by controlling stability.
8288h agoTheta-paced stimulation of the nucleus reuniens during extinction training facilitates the acquisition of long-term extinction memories by enhancing neural activity and entraining oscillations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
8288h agoHouse crickets show hallmark features of cognitive aging, including sensory decline, learning impairments, and reduced resilience, similar to those found in mammals, making them a useful model for studying neural aging.
8300h agoParkinson's disease patients, especially males, have lower levels of certain amino acids in their blood, and this imbalance starts early in the disease, but is normalized by a specific surgical treatment called Deep Brain Stimulation.
8300h agoParkinson's disease causes degeneration of noradrenergic neurons in the caudal part of the locus coeruleus, which correlates with non-motor symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension and cognitive impairment, and reduces the area's responsivity to arousing stimuli.
8300h agoLithium carbonate improves cognitive and motor performance in healthy flies, but lithium orotate is not more effective in treating Alzheimer's symptoms.
8300h agoA dataset of 296 affective scenes rated on six social-affective dimensions provides a reliable tool for selecting scenes based on emotional and social-interpersonal features for behavioral and neurocognitive research.
8300h agoOGA regulates dendritic spine maturation, density, and synapse size, and modulates AMPAR receptors, making it a key player in excitatory synaptic remodeling.
8312h agoBistability in neuronal oscillations is influenced by the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity and their combined strength.
8312h agoChildren's brains consolidate motor memories better than adults' brains do over a short period of rest, and this may be because children's brains stay more actively engaged during rest.
8312h agoThe tail of the striatum regulates actions to sensory stimuli by suppressing inappropriate responses, and disruption of this function contributes to inhibitory control deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
8312h agoFoxA transcription factors control the development and function of enteric neurons in the gut throughout an animal's life.
8312h agoThe local cortical microcircuitry in the mouse primary visual cortex exhibits efficient brain organization, with characteristics such as small-world architecture, hub dominance, and modularity, similar to but more intensified than those found in macroscopic brain networks.
8312h agoSemaglutide drives weight loss by activating specific brain cells through multiple signaling pathways, including Gs and Gq pathways, to regulate neuronal activation and increase levels of a key secondary messenger.
8316h agoVascular degeneration and amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease can be tracked using a new imaging pipeline, which shows that vessel diameter decreases and amyloid plaque formation increases with age.
8316h agoATHENA, an open-source toolbox, accurately tracks hand movements in 3D without markers, producing similar results to traditional marker-based systems at a lower cost and with greater ease of use.
8316h agoAlpha-motoneurons exist along a circular continuum between slow and fast types, with a novel subtype, S/FF, exhibiting hybrid characteristics of both slow and fast types, which resists ALS degeneration.
8316h agoGIPR agonism reduces food intake and prevents aversion by acting on distinct neural circuits, with GIPR agonists alleviating inflammation-induced aversion through a mechanism that involves reducing the activity of neurons that encode aversion.
8316h agoOropouche virus infection disrupts human neural development, leading to cell death, depletion of brain cells, and abnormal brain structure, and may impair brain development and cause birth defects.
8316h agoIntrabody therapy that targets intracellular tau reduces tau pathology and restores neuronal function in a mouse model of tau-related diseases.
8316h agoChanges in neural representations over time are shaped by prior knowledge and learning, and flawed study designs can create artificial patterns of brain activity that mimic perceptual reorganisation.
8316h agoHuman induced pluripotent stem cells can be turned into nerve cells that can survive, mature, and improve recovery after spinal cord injury when transplanted into mice.
8316h agoChronic alcohol use alters gene expression in the hippocampus, affecting synaptic signaling, mitochondrial function, and calcium channels, which may contribute to context-induced relapse and memory problems.
8316h agoProlonged exposure to low levels of amyloid-beta protein causes changes in gene activity that impair memory and may drive the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
8320h agoSoluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPalpha) helps prevent runaway synaptic modification and maintains effective associative memory function by enhancing separation between encoding and retrieval.
8320h agoCocaine use disorder is linked to specific areas of brain damage that are connected by white matter pathways and share similar activity and molecular profiles.
8320h agoSocial context and dominance shape the decisions, attention, and brain activity of macaques, with better performance in social settings, but decreased motivation under altruistic and competitive conditions.
8320h agoThe primary somatosensory cortex on the same side as tactile stimuli shows a biphasic blood-oxygen-level-dependent response, with an initial negative response followed by a positive one that is more sensitive to stimulus intensity.
8320h agoParent-child autonomic synchrony predicts the strength of extinction learning in youth, who can directly and vicariously modify learned threat associations through distinct neurobiological profiles.
8320h agoMemories that are reactivated during sleep can be identified as emotional or neutral within 0.4-0.6 seconds using EEG and machine learning.
8320h agoThe study couples transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced electric fields to neural states of cells and cell populations, and finds that TMS induces unique directionally sensitive distributions of synaptic outputs in time and space for each cell type in the primary motor cortex.
8320h agoConvolutional neural networks can be modified to include recurrence, allowing them to model temporal dynamics and biological vision, and a new toolbox called DynVision makes it easier to build and test these models.
8320h agoMobile eye-tracking studies can be effectively conducted in large-scale outdoor urban environments, capturing a wide range of natural human behavior with minimal constraints.
8320h agoSurround suppression increases as the categorical similarity between a central scene and its surroundings decreases, with the strongest suppression occurring when the center and surround are from different superordinate categories.
8324h agoLight exposure and its retinal encoding affect human physiology and behavior across multiple time scales, and this tutorial presents an analysis pipeline for processing and analyzing visual experience datasets, particularly for human chronobiology and myopia research.
8324h agoPexidartinib depletes retinal mononuclear phagocytes and, when combined with hypoxia, provides complete protection for retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of mitochondrial dysfunction.
8328h agoTeneurin-3 and Latrophilin-2 molecules instruct target selection of many neurons through a combination of attraction and repulsion, enabling a limited number of wiring molecules to specify trillions of connections in developing brains.
8332h agoHuntington disease is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene, which results in decreased neuronal health and brain damage, and researchers find that loss of normal huntingtin function decreases intrinsic neuronal excitability and produces a neuroinflammatory response.
8332h agoCerebellar stimulation reduces seizure burden in temporal lobe epilepsy when done early, and this effect is not dependent on the integrity of Purkinje cells.
8332h agoTeneurin-3 and latrophilin-2 proteins are expressed in opposing gradients that help form "body maps" in the somatosensory system, and manipulating them distorts the maps and impairs accurate localisation of stimuli on the body.
8332h agoAMPK in hypothalamic astrocytes acts as a link between metabolic state and circadian control by sustaining daily rhythms and stabilising the clock protein PER2.
8332h agoExecutive control emerges from coordination between medial frontal control hubs and posterior representational systems, as shown by scalp EEG and intracranial EEG recordings during a working memory task.
8332h agoInverse expression of Teneurin-3 and Latrophilin-2 predicts neural circuit connectivity across diverse brain regions in mice.
8332h agoA new method isolates microglial nuclei from frozen brain tissue using PU.1 as a marker, enabling high-sensitivity transcriptomic analysis of microglial states in cryopreserved and archival samples.
8332h agoThe expression of a specific isoform of the BIN1 gene in the presynaptic terminal leads to synaptic loss and altered synaptic structure.
8332h agoActivating CD11b with the small-molecule agonist LA1 reduces microglial activation and myeloid cell infiltration, thereby decreasing neuroinflammation and pathology in a Parkinson's disease model.
8332h agoMice with a disrupted Nrxn1 gene respond early in a time-judging test, showing a timing deficit similar to that observed in people with autism.
8332h agoKranocytes form a network-like structure that connects adjacent neuromuscular junctions, interacts with the microvasculature, and helps regulate blood flow and muscle regeneration.
8332h agoDopamine activity in the brain encodes a teaching signal that helps learning in both positive and negative situations, enabling unified adaptation to rewards and punishments.
8332h agoObsessive-compulsive tendencies interfere with the normal interplay between automatic learning and goal-directed control, even at non-clinical levels.
8332h agoThe ROSMAP-Compass resource, comprising over 22 million high-quality nuclei from 2,058 donors, provides a fully harmonized dataset for Alzheimer's disease research by integrating and reprocessing large-scale single-cell data from multiple sources.
8336h agoThe study unifies diverse analyses across unsupervised learning, network science, imaging neuroscience, and network neuroscience by describing equivalences that connect clustering, dimensionality reduction, network centrality, and dynamics.
8340h agoScientific infrastructure must evolve into a dynamic, AI-aligned ecosystem to accelerate science and overcome current limitations.
8340h agoLarge language models with around 70 billion parameters achieve human-comparable accuracy in abstract reasoning and form similar representations to humans, suggesting a shared representational space between biological and artificial intelligence.
8340h agoHigh daily screen time is linked to higher risks of anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD in children and adolescents, partly due to reduced physical activity, irregular bedtime, and insufficient sleep.
8340h agoA fixed neural structure can operate in different computational modes driven by the temporal dynamics of its input signals, not just its static architecture.
8340h agoGFAP elevation correlates with speech anomaly severity in acute brain injury, and combining GFAP and voice features improves early detection of speech anomalies.
8340h agoThe Algonauts2025 Challenge found that teams could predict human brain activity from long, multimodal movies, with the top teams able to accurately forecast brain responses to unseen films.
8340h agoThe Connectome-based Monotonic Inference of Neurodegenerative Dynamics (COMIND) model combines brain connectivity with diffusion and logistic models to accurately track progressive neurodegeneration with a limited number of parameters.
8340h agoEDAPT, a task- and model-agnostic framework, eliminates calibration in brain-computer interfaces by continually adapting models to changing neural signals, improving accuracy over conventional methods.
8340h agoProlonged proximity within personal space boundaries causes higher physiological arousal than approach, and angry facial expressions decrease parasympathetic activity and increase discomfort.
8340h agoThe computational ability of reservoir recurrent neural networks grows sublinearly with the number of readout neurons, and neuronal correlations govern both memory capacity and nonlinear processing.
8340h agoTurbulence exhibits a broad range of scaling exponents, which are linked to singular solutions of the Euler equations and can be characterized by a dynamic approach using a reversible framework and a non-dimensional efficiency number.
8340h agoMechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints that depend on a small parameter behave like a combination of a slightly modified holonomic system and slowly varying integration constants.
8340h agoControlling multiple limit cycles through hierarchical, stepwise periodic modulation enables reliable switching between rhythmic states in nonlinear dynamical systems.
8340h agoThe chaotic motion of scattered disk objects is driven by overlaps between series of resonances, specifically 2:j, 3:j, 4:j, and so on, which shape the dynamics and distribution of these distant minor bodies orbiting the sun.
8340h agoDynamic Mode Decomposition can be improved to better analyze transient dynamics by introducing time-varying amplitudes for its modes, allowing for identification of key modes and their transient activities.
8340h agoA novel stable multipulse soliton attractor, consisting of one to seven soliton pulses, forms in fiber lasers and is highly resistant to external disturbances.
8340h agoSolitons in a one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate exhibit intricate bifurcations, stability maps, and dynamics under the influence of spin-orbit-coupling and Lee-Huang-Yang correction.
8340h agoHebbian learning in artificial neural networks creates and destroys attractors, leading to formation of memories and unwanted features such as spurious memories and catastrophic forgetting through bifurcations in connection weights.
8340h agoApplying a general construction to bigraded Hopf algebras yields two-parameter quantum groups from their standard one-parameter versions.
8340h agoRandom permutation circuits exhibit quantum chaos when the dimension of their local configuration space exceeds two, but not when acting on qubits.
8340h agoAn increase in the Peclet number destabilizes the uniform steady state, while an increase in the nonlinear growth parameter of species A stabilizes it, in an active fluid system involving two chemical species with nonlinear growth.
8340h agoA new formalism defines chaos in quantum and classical systems equivalently, using adiabatic transformations to measure chaos through the complexity of changes in response to small Hamiltonian deformations.
8340h agoA new learning paradigm that uses link strength oscillations enables artificial intelligence networks to rapidly adapt to new contexts and learn from limited data.
8340h agoDomain walls in ferromagnets become unstable and exhibit chaotic behavior when driven by a magnetic field above a certain threshold and with a length exceeding a critical value.
8340h agoDeep reinforcement learning trains effective nonlocal transition policies that improve solution quality and speed for hard combinatorial optimization problems.
8340h agoThe computational ability of reservoir recurrent neural networks grows sublinearly with the number of readout neurons, and neuronal correlations govern both memory capacity and nonlinear processing.
8340h agoSound damping in glasses is influenced by defects and heterogeneous elasticity, and there are two mechanisms behind it: one related to defects and another that occurs even in defect-free materials.
8340h agoDisorder does not destroy a mobility edge near the flat band energy in twisted bilayer graphene, even when all Chern numbers are zero.
8340h agoThe Random-Key Optimizer (RKO) framework combines multiple classic metaheuristics to efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems by producing high-quality solutions across diverse problem domains.
8340h agoMeasurement-based quantum diffusion models bridge classical and quantum diffusion theory, generating stochastic quantum trajectories while preserving purity and inducing depolarization.
8340h agoTunneling nanotubes-like connections exist in the developing cerebellum and may contribute to intercellular communication between brain cells.
8352h agoHere is a simple to read sentence summary of the paragraph: Temperature experience modulates the transcription and trafficking of thermoreceptors on different timescales in C. elegans AFD thermosensory neurons to regulate their adaptability in response to changing temperatures.
8360h agoMutations in MECP2 cause Rett syndrome by making astrocytes produce factors that lead to early formation of perineuronal nets, which close the critical period of brain development too soon.
8360h agoChanges in alpha and theta band activity in the brain are associated with perceptual grouping, with alpha band oscillations playing a role in directing attention and theta band oscillations facilitating the integration of visual elements into coherent percepts.
8360h agoLocal synthesis of neuro-estrogen and neuro-androgen, including neuro-testosterone, directly contributes to neural plasticity and performance, offering new methodological improvements through improved measurement of these steroid concentrations and study methodologies.
8360h agoThe study finds that rule-learning occurs abruptly in a kind of "lightbulb moment," with rodents suddenly enhanced neural activity and memory consolidation from the beginning of a difficult olfactory-discrimination task.
8360h agoShared variability in neural activity across trials is directly reflects information communicated to higher brain areas rather than noise, as it reliably aligns with task-relevant features and guides behavior.
8360h agoThe Perceptual Reality Transformer simulates eight neurological perception conditions, allowing others to experience what it's like to live with conditions such as simultanagnosia, prosopagnosia, and Alzheimer's memory effects.
8364h agoThe hybrid optimization framework, ENOMAD, which combines global evolutionary search with local direct exploitation, improves performance on a set of tasks by refining the existing neural connectome of the nematode C. elegans, leveraging its leveraging the organism's derived weight priors rather than rebuilding its circuitry.
8364h agoLearned features used in computational models can be biased, or skewed towards representing some characteristics more strongly than others, which can lead to flawed conclusions when comparing neural representations between systems.
8364h agoCategory learning changes perception by creating separation between categories and compressing within categories, and this change is linked to changes in brain activity.
8364h agoHere is a simple to read sentence summary of the paragraph: Vision Models (VLMs) consistently struggle with mechanical reasoning, particularly with significant difficulties in understanding gear and fluid mechanics, and their performance does not improve even improve with more parameters. Alternatively, here is another version: Current Vision Models (VLMs) perform poorly on mechanical reasoning tasks, especially on gear and fluid mechanics, and adding more parameters does not seem to help. I replaced it with a more concise and straightforward sentence that still conveys the same information: Vision Models (VLMs) perform poorly on mechanical reasoning tasks, especially on gear and fluid mechanics.
8364h agoA mathematical model shows that a deformable droplet floating on a liquid surface can move through diffusiophoresis driven by surface tension gradients, and can exist in one of three stable states: circular and immobile, elliptically deformed and immobile, or moving with an elliptic deformation.
8364h agoElementary Cellular Automata behaviours can be quantified by computing the entropy of initial configurations converging to attractors, linking this entropy to Wolfram's qualitative classification scheme.
8364h agoThe stability of steady-state solutions of the Wave-Kinetic Equations for acoustic waves is ensured by different mechanisms in 2D and 3D equilibrium and non-equilibrium solutions.
8364h agoCoupled-resonator systems generate solitons that periodically transfer between resonators, with the origin of this soliton hopping process differing fundamentally between systems with two and three resonators.
8364h agoSimple models capture generic features of heat transport between two quantum mechanical systems, including transient current peaks and the emergence of a non-equilibrium steady state.
8364h agoThe hybrid optimization framework, ENOMAD, which combines global evolutionary search with local direct exploitation, improves performance on a set of tasks by refining the existing neural connectome of the nematode C. elegans, leveraging its leveraging the organism's derived weight priors rather than rebuilding its circuitry.
8364h agoChaos is typical in certain spaces, but averaging over different backgrounds suppresses chaos and brings behavior closer to that of black hole backgrounds.
8364h agoA mathematical model based on physicochemical steps explains the oscillations that occur during the anodic dissolution of silicon electrodes, describing the formation and dissolution of an oxide layer and determining its composition and electrostatic potential.
8364h agoA novel control law guides heterogeneous Euler-Lagrange systems to a target formation without needing prior system parameter knowledge, while avoiding collisions.
8364h agoQuantum states in certain periodically driven systems can recur after a finite amount of time, and an arithmetic framework identifies all possible recurrence times by analyzing the spectrum of the system's unitary evolution.
8364h agoInterface-induced turbulence exists in low-Reynolds-number binary-fluid mixtures, characterized by a statistically steady state with spatiotemporal chaos, a spread energy spectrum, and diffusive behavior of Lagrangian tracer particles.
8364h agoMcDuff's method of probes is adapted to study semitoric integrable systems, and applied to 3 examples to examine the displaceability properties of their fibers.
8364h agoRelaxation mechanisms lead to distinct dynamical regimes in elastic disordered interfaces, including a coexistence of pinned and flowing states in 2D systems with long-range interactions.
8364h agoBoolean Fourier analysis can represent complex sign structures of spin-$1/2$ magnetic systems as polynomial functions, which may be learned more easily than with neural networks.
8364h agoCircularly polarized laser light induces edge modes in monolayer amorphous carbon, making it a potential material for engineering topological phases.
8364h agoA general framework classifies fermionic dynamical systems with measurements using symmetry and topology, revealing a dynamical bulk-boundary correspondence that connects the topology of a system's spacetime bulk to its steady-state ensemble on its temporal boundary.
8364h agoThe Ising model on hyperbolic lattices exhibits an intermediate phase, where bulk ordering is induced by boundary effects, in addition to paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases.
8364h agoBrain-computer interfaces can decode intended speech from people with severe speech disorders, including those with locked-in syndrome and ventilator dependence due to ALS.
8368h agoUsing embryonic motor neuron selector transcription factors ISL1 and LHX3 partially rejuvenates the gene expression profile of mature neurons, making them more resistant to diseases of aging.
8372h agoDifferentiable simulations and reinforcement learning enable simulated cells to self-organize into emergent developmental patterns by responding to local chemical and mechanical cues.
8372h agoGestational age at birth and postnatal age have different effects on the maturation of the human cortex, with birth age dominating global increases in microstructural density and postnatal age leading to slower increases in density and changes in intracortical balance.
8380h agoAcetylcholine modulates deviance detection in the brain by amplifying the response to unexpected events up to a point, before suppressing it.
8384h agoDelta-catenin haploinsufficiency disrupts social behavior, fear learning, and memory in mice by altering glutamatergic synaptic activity.
8384h agoMotor neurons undergo extensive transcriptional changes as they mature, initially diversifying into many subtypes in the embryo and then coalescing into a more homogenous state before re-diversifying into distinct subtypes in postnatal life.
8384h agoQuestion Answering encoding models accurately predict brain responses to language stimuli and provide interpretable maps of language selectivity across the cortex.
8384h agoThe basal ganglia uses a novel computational model that represents continuous action spaces with vector-symbolic algebras, allowing it to be involved in action specification, including selecting speed and vigor.
8384h agoSensory encoding fidelity in the auditory cortex interacts with prior expectations to shape our choices, and fluctuations in this fidelity predict behaviour.
8384h agoMolecular layer interneurons (MLIs) in the cerebellar cortex track whisker position during free whisking and respond to tactile contact with additional activation, providing a stable representation of whisker position that is disrupted by sensory input.
8384h agoThe midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) generates defensive behaviors, and neurons in its two columns, vl- and dmPAG, use different synaptic mechanisms to prioritize frequency-invariant coding strategies in response to threat.
8384h agoThe study develops a new approach to understanding collective activity in neural networks with compartmentalized neurons that generate different types of spikes.
8388h agoMulti-dimensional Neural Decoding simultaneously extracts multiple motor variables from single neural population recordings, and the OrthoSchema framework improves decoding accuracy in various neural control tasks.
8388h agoCategory learning changes perception by creating separation between categories and compressing within categories, and these changes are linked to changes in brain activity.
8388h agoThe core computation of attention in transformer architectures can be reinterpreted as Pavlovian conditioning, where attention operations construct transient associative memories via a Hebbian rule.
8388h agoA family of recurrent neural networks called Fast Weight Programmers uses two-dimensional matrix-form hidden states to serve as short-term memory storage with dynamically changing synaptic weights.
8388h agoEmergent properties arise in systems with many interacting parts, characterising phenomena that are not present in the individual parts, and are central to understanding major challenges across physics, biology, social sciences, and computing.
8388h agoAn artificial intelligence architecture simulates the human working memory system with interconnected neural networks that maintain and update high-level representations, leading to iterative shifts in thought and potentially human-like cognition.
8388h agoThe dorso-central insula (DCI) receives visual input from the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and sends it to the fronto-parietal network when observing actions, and it receives motor input from the premotor ventral (PMv) area and sends it to the intraparietal lobule (IPL) when executing actions.
8388h agoThe organization of causal signaling networks in the brain of C. elegans differs from its anatomical structure, with functional modules not aligned with modular boundaries of the anatomical network.
8388h agoHebbian learning changes the type of chaos transition in recurrent neural networks from continuous to discontinuous when the Hebbian strength is large.
8388h agoScientists discovered 10,059 three-dimensional periodic orbits of the three-body problem, including 1,996 stable ones, using a high-accuracy numerical strategy.
8388h agoA three-step strategy, DA-CAE-ESN, accurately forecasts chaotic systems in real-time by compressing data, predicting temporal dynamics, and assimilating noisy and sparse measurements.
8388h agoThe pre-evacuation phase, where people decide to move to a safe place, crucially impacts the total time required for safe egress in crowd evacuation.
8388h agoHumans' limited rationality helps them cooperate in hunter-gatherer societies by changing the stag-hunt game into a coordination game, making cooperation stable through evolutionary forces that favour less rational individuals.
8388h agoMM-curves have a specific structure with g tropical cycles and g+1 real ovals, and on certain MM-curves, non-smooth Dubrovin-Natanzon divisors can be constructed using two basic types of blow-ups.
8388h agoThe minimal seeds for transitioning to turbulence and relaminarization lie in distinct regions of state space and have different structures, with the optimal perturbation for relaminarization distributed across multiple modes.
8388h agoThe anti-localization of non-stationary linear waves, where the propagating component of a wave-field zeros out near a defect, also occurs in nonlinear systems.
8388h agoThe study investigates breather-to-soliton transitions and nonlinear wave interactions for a specific equation, and finds novel converted waves and their interactions.
8388h agoTurbulence in pipe flow spreads through a process called puff self-replication, which happens when one puff transitions into two puffs via an edge state that acts as a tipping point.
8388h agoDebris charge fluctuations in a flowing plasma cause damping of the ion-acoustic wave through nonlinear Landau damping and wave-wave interactions, with differing effects for positively and negatively charged debris.
8388h agoThe dRSJ model, a deformation of the RSJ model, exhibits a rotation number quantization effect where phase-lock areas exist only for integer rotation number values, but the constrictions that separate these areas break down.
8388h agoThe mechanical behavior of graphene under tensile stress depends on temperature, with fracture stress and strain, as well as Young modulus, decreasing linearly with rising temperature.
8388h agoDigital quantum simulations show that flat-band physics can be studied on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers through circuit compression, enabling control of quantum transport and particle dynamics.
8388h agoMeasurement-based quantum diffusion models bridge classical and quantum diffusion theory, generating stochastic quantum trajectories while preserving purity and inducing depolarization.
8388h agoThe Ising chain model with random bonds and fields has a low-energy behavior that depends on the type of random fields present, with different fixed-points and critical points emerging in different scenarios.
8388h agoHebbian learning changes the type of chaos transition in recurrent neural networks from continuous to discontinuous when the Hebbian strength is large.
8388h agoScalable Monte Carlo simulations enable the study of systems with over one billion atoms while maintaining first-principles accuracy.
8388h agoThalamic bursts during non-REM sleep do not awaken the cortex because of the way they interact with the thalamocortical system, and instead, thalamic bursts increase during non-REM sleep despite expected depolarization.
8392h agoTau phosphorylation patterns play a crucial role in regulating tau's interaction with microtubules in developing human neurons.
8392h agoSynAnno, an interactive tool, streamlines and enhances the proofreading of synaptic annotations in large-scale connectomics datasets by integrating guided proofreading, a structured workflow, and fine-tuned machine learning models.
8392h agoA new framework using differential geometry accurately tracks changes in the shape and structure of multiple sclerosis lesions over time in pediatric patients.
8392h agoHuman-specialized features of immature dentate granule cells are characterized by human-specific gene expression and convergent biological processes, and these cells' enriched proton-transporting ATPase subtypes play a role in neuronal development.
8396h agoKenazLBM, a new brain-state model, can characterize a person's brain state instantly and predict future brain states using raw brain data.
8396h agoIn women with epilepsy, seizure frequency and severity worsen during the perimenstrual phase due to changes in brain chemicals, whereas in healthy women, they worsen during the mid-follicular phase.
8396h agoDNAJC7, a Hsp40 co-chaperone, suppresses polyQ aggregation by physically interacting with polyQ-expanded protein, and plays a role in regulating folding of disease-associated proteins.
8396h agoBiological neural networks can learn and generate diverse temporal patterns, producing coherent outputs, when trained with simple feedback and controlled network formation.
8396h agoPatients with neurofascin-155-mediated autoimmune nodopathy (NF155-AIN) have defective B cell tolerance, abnormal B cell receptor signaling, and disrupted T cell-B cell interactions, which contribute to the development of autoreactive antibodies.
8396h agoThe auditory cortex and prefrontal cortex form a network that detects deviations from expected sensory input, with the auditory cortex encoding early sensory patterns and the prefrontal cortex supporting predictive and error signals.
8396h agoSpike synchrony provides crucial information about stimulus familiarity when the input stimulus varies in saliency and firing rate alone is insufficient.
8396h agoDrivers who take longer to complete a simple smartphone test are more likely to fail an on-road driving test, and this test can predict unsafe driving with high accuracy.
8396h agoA new method uses physical properties and deep learning models to accurately predict and control odor intensity, allowing for precise identification of key contributors to aroma perception.
8396h agoStudies of heartbeat-evoked responses show substantial differences in methods and findings, with most studies lacking transparency and statistical power, and a checklist is provided to improve standardization and reliability.
8396h agoPeople with aphantasia, who lack mental images, have poor visual working memory, and their performance is equally impaired for verbal and non-verbal visual information.
8396h agoThe geometry of neural dynamics on the attractor landscape reflects changes in attentional states over time and varies across controlled and naturalistic contexts.
8396h agoThe brain's shape closely matches its functional connections when neurons are locally connected, but this match deteriorates as local connections are disrupted.
8396h agoGlobal activity patterns from other brain areas, such as the anterior cingulate area, contribute substantially to trial-to-trial variability in visual cortical neuron responses, more so than behavioral factors.
8396h agoTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces GABA levels in the brain and improves motor learning in healthy adults.
8396h agoTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation paired with motor skill practice enhances cortical plasticity in humans, without improving motor performance, and promotes task-specific cortical reorganization through noradrenergic modulation.
8396h agoThe literature on fatigue's effect on motor learning is limited, with most studies using young adults and inconsistent methods, and shows that fatigue induced by physical exertion is more commonly studied than fatigue induced by cognitive exertion.
8396h agoDRPLA disease-causing protein disrupts normal brain cell function, leading to changes in brain cell communication, inflammation, and protein quality control.
8396h agoManual lymph drainage, a light skin massage, improves cognitive function and reduces Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
8396h agoThe EEG responses to visual stimuli can be predicted using simple statistical models, with even the simplest autoregressive model performing as well as more complex models in capturing the patterns of brain activity.
8396h agoThe melanocortin system, which helps control energy balance, can now be studied in real-time using a new sensor called FLAREMC, which detects changes in a specific peptide that regulates appetite.
8396h agoNeural adaptation to repeated stimuli can lead to either behavioral habituation or invariant responses, and a mathematical framework shows that this flexible translation is due to sensory networks optimizing stimulus encoding and representations forming over two time scales.
8396h agoThis protocol isolates five distinct cell types from a single mouse brain, including oligodendrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons.
8396h agoTHIK2 channels limit neuronal hyperexcitability and their dysfunction leads to thermal hypersensitivity, suggesting they could be a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory pain.
8396h agoPericyte and capillary instability at the site where capillaries converge to major veins causes mild hypoperfusion, leading to myelin degradation during brain aging.
8400h agoReduced blood flow due to selective constriction and rarefaction of capillary-venous networks contributes to age-related white matter damage in mice.
8400h agoUsing embryonic motor neuron selector transcription factors, scientists partially rejuvenate the gene expression profile of mature neurons, making them more resistant to an ALS model.
8400h agoThe structure of the olfactory bulb and its related brain regions is partly genetically determined, with genetic influence affecting the olfactory network as a whole rather than the olfactory bulb alone.
8400h agoAnimals use an additive algorithm of three visual features - motion coherence, luminance level, and changes in luminance - to integrate multiple sensory inputs and guide decision-making.
8400h agoTilia extract increases sleep amount, especially during dark hours, and alters EEG signals, changing the power in gamma and theta bands, without disrupting normal sleep and wake patterns.
8400h agoDamaged axons can recover completely if extracellular calcium is depleted, through microtubule regrowth, after partial damage where the axonal plasma membrane remains intact but cytoskeletal elements disintegrate.
8400h agoCD4+ T-cells infiltrate and accumulate in the hypocretin region of narcolepsy type 1 brains, which may contribute to the autoimmune process that causes the disorder.
8400h agoHigh frequency broadband activity can be detected noninvasively in infants through fontanelles and thin skull using scalp electroencephalography, with greater power found in wake versus sleep states.
8400h agoFlower isoforms regulate cell survival and death through a novel signaling pathway that uses extracellular vesicles to communicate between cells, promoting survival of healthy cells and eliminating less healthy ones.
8400h agoDifferent patterns of dopamine release are linked to social reward behaviors in males and females, with phasic and tonic dopamine release playing distinct roles in males but not females.
8404h agoChildhood neglect and deprivation impair cognitive development by reducing TREM2 expression, which affects microglial pruning, but enrichment and TREM2 overexpression can normalize these deficits.
8404h agoGlutamate and dopamine release in specific parts of the brain predict flexibility and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats.
8408h agoPatients with schizophrenia have impaired semantic structure and retrieval, which contributes to their difficulties in communicating coherently.
8408h agoBeta oscillations occur in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex when rats reach goal locations, and their strengths in these two regions change inversely as the rats learn.
8408h agoSynuclein oligomers spread to the substantia nigra, causing astrocyte and neuron dysfunction, and researchers identified a set of genes that could be targeted for therapy.
8408h agoA network-specific approach that groups brain networks into clusters and trains separate models for each cluster improves prediction accuracy of brain responses to complex movies.
8412h agoThe human brain's structure and function can be used to create more efficient and interpretable artificial neural networks.
8412h agoPeople can easily spot simple patterns in others' behavior but struggle to detect complex patterns, and a large language model-based agent's abilities to do so closely mirror those of humans.
8412h agoSMOTE-based data augmentation yields the highest classification accuracies for neuronal cell types, outperforming deep generative models like GANs, VAEs, and others.
8412h agoRepresenting neural network training dynamics as functional connectomes effectively captures key transitions in network organization and provides a robust indicator of learning progress.
8412h agoTop-down feedback in neural networks improves image classification speed, accuracy, and robustness to noise and adversarial attacks when combined with simulated neural variability.
8412h agoThe parameters of attractor neural networks can be adjusted to change decision-making biases without altering the encoded choices.
8412h agoAn innovative machine-learning framework enables robust seizure detection across varied clinical datasets, achieving high performance within datasets and strong generalisation across datasets.
8412h agoEEG microstate features improve Large Language Models' predictions of cognitive load states, such as 'Rest' and 'Load', by fine-tuning the models with electroencephalography data.
8412h agoA transformer network trained on Pac-Man gameplay develops internal attention patterns that match monkeys' eye movements, revealing a hierarchical structure of attention comprising value-based and dynamic interaction layers.
8412h agoModel predictive control method accurately guides neural population activity along desired paths in low-dimensional neural manifolds, outperforming proportional-integral-derivative control in tests with partial observability and unknown noise.
8412h agoA working memory system that remembers recent events uses neurons with mixed selectivity to represent stimuli and time, allowing it to recall any stimulus at any delay.
8412h agoCortico-thalamic networks use a computation similar to multihead self-attention in transformer networks to perform cognitive tasks, with superficial and deep pyramidal cells having distinct computational roles.
8412h agoSummary statistics of neural activity can help predict performance as neural networks learn.
8412h agoThe Markov blanket density, which measures the degree of conditional independence between internal and external states, is a necessary foundation for the Free Energy Principle.
8412h agoThe deg-deg distribution of natural frequencies, where both layers employ degree-matched frequencies, enhances synchronization stability in multilayer networks of phase oscillators with phase-lag.
8412h agoA data-driven regression approach efficiently constructs reduced-order models of reaction-diffusion systems that exhibit pattern formation, improving prediction accuracy while maintaining low computational cost.
8412h agoDark solitons can undergo Thouless pumping, where they are transported by one or half a unit cell, as a system parameter is slowly varied over one cycle.
8412h agoThe two-component discrete KP hierarchy is a two-component generalization that can be formulated using a Lax equation with scalar Lax operators involving two difference operators.
8412h agoSelf-replicating structures can emerge on their own in a type of artificial life system called cellular automata, and they can be made up of multiple parts working together.
8412h agoSimulating bipartite games on a square lattice topology allows trust to emerge through an inter-role spatial reciprocity mechanism, where a moderate return ratio enables trustors and trustworthy trustees to form clusters.
8412h agoA Bose gas in a trap exhibits a beating signal of two frequencies during dipole compression oscillations, which changes as interactions shift from weak to strong.
8412h agoThe rational spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider model is quantized using quantum Hamiltonian reduction, resulting in an algebra of quantum observables that contains a loop algebra and Yangian.
8412h agoA novel spin-extended so($d+1$,1) algebra provides a framework for discussing properties of a $d$-dimensional matrix Hamiltonian with spin 1/2 and so($d+1$) symmetry.
8412h agoThe tau-function of any solution to the Toda lattice hierarchy is a KP tau-function, and this result can be generalized to the extended Toda hierarchy.
8412h agoThe quantum asymptotic amplitude for quantum oscillatory systems is defined, extending the classical nonlinear oscillator concept using the Koopman operator theory.
8412h agoThe integrability of a heavy gyrostat's motion with a fixed point in the Hess-Sretensky case can be expressed as a second-order linear differential equation with rational coefficients, which has Liouvillian solutions under certain conditions.
8412h agoActive microswimmers can efficiently mix fluids in microscopic systems by stirring the surrounding substrate, and a specific pattern with a local stable vortex droplet and an ordered oscillating phase achieves the highest degree of mixing.
8412h agoOptimizing auxetic metamaterials for both auxeticity and energy absorption reveals a trade-off between the two properties, with high auxeticity implying low energy absorption and vice versa.
8412h agoA statistical mechanics characterization of neural networks reveals nontrivial structural properties that are not captured by conventional metrics, by linking spin-glass description to data fitting, capacity, generalization, and robustness.
8412h agoA 43-qubit superconducting quantum processor simulates and characterizes emergent topological states, demonstrating the Hofstadter butterfly energy spectrum and verifying the existence of topological zero modes.
8412h agoScientists used a superconducting quantum simulator to study spin transport at infinite temperature and observed diffusive spin transport in a ladder-type quantum system.
8412h agoLarge language models are used to integrate knowledge from different fields to design and create new materials, such as a novel pollen-based adhesive with tunable morphology.
8412h agoReinforcement learning helps control quantum many-body systems by preventing entanglement spreading, and learned strategies create steady states with reduced entanglement.
8412h agoTwisted bilayer graphene with a disorderly twist angle has a divergent density of states at the Dirac point when the average twist angle is near the magic angle.
8412h agoTime delay impacts the organization of active matter, and in a system of swarmalators, aging occurs through the elimination of defects, leading to increased order, especially when a "boiling layer" forms at the cluster boundary.
8412h agoA neural network approach can reconstruct the classical mutual information and specific entropy of a quantum system from a limited number of projective measurements.
8412h agoThe quantum Mpemba effect, where systems with greater initial symmetry breaking restore symmetry faster, is observed and controlled in a superconducting processor, and its modulation is demonstrated through precise control of coupling regimes, on-site potentials, and initial states.
8412h agoStudying high-dimensional random landscapes reveals tools and concepts that help understand inference problems, such as low-rank matrix and tensor estimation, by mapping them onto optimization problems with distinct geometrical properties.
8412h agoThe study investigates models with tunable quasidisordered potentials and finds that extended, critical, and localized states can be distinguished by their phase-space representations, and the Wigner entropy peaks at the critical state, enabling precise localization of the mobility edge.
8412h agoA unified description of glassy dynamics can be based on a percolation perspective, where the alpha and beta relaxation processes in supercooled liquids and glasses are linked to the percolation of immobile and mobile particles.
8412h agoThe Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm accurately estimates the Shannon entropy of a quantum many-body system, allowing for detection of quantum phase transitions with polynomially many images.
8412h agoThe magnetic localization landscape approach captures key features of quantum state localization in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect, revealing spatial confinement regions and predicting eigenstate energies.
8412h agoThe human visual system uses internal references of physically realizable surface colors to determine when a surface appears self-luminous, and this process can be accurately predicted using optimal colors under natural viewing conditions.
8416h agoThe brain integrates task information into a single representation that guides behavior by concurrently encoding two types of associations: stimulus-response and stimulus-control associations.
8416h agoThe amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and its related measure are clarified through two variants that show mean BOLD intensity is positively correlated with both, requiring normalization, and z-scoring the BOLD signal affects some but not all measures.
8416h agoIndividuals with Parkinson's disease produce more and longer pauses in speech, especially in complex and long sentences, which contributes to fluency disruptions.
8416h agoComputational models of the primate brain can have high prediction accuracy but still have units that are not recoverable from neural activity, revealing a mismatch between model and brain representations.
8416h agoPregnancy causes changes in brain circuits that control appetite, specifically a reduction in excitatory inputs to oxytocin neurons, leading to increased food intake.
8416h agoA biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease risk can be identified in an auditory neural signal using the auditory brainstem response, which can accurately predict AD genetic risk in young and aged animals.
8416h agoPNPO enzyme in GABAergic neurons helps maintain brain function, especially when vitamin B6 is restricted, and its deficiency leads to seizures and short lifespan.
8420h agoMaCBench, a comprehensive benchmark, evaluates how vision language models handle real-world chemistry and materials science tasks.
8424h agoNeuroinflammation increases the risk of behavioral problems in mice with a Shank3 deficiency, and anti-inflammatory treatment can partially reverse these problems.
8424h agoHigher EMG amplitudes below a typical rejection threshold increase the probability of evoking a motor evoked potential with peak-to-peak amplitude of 50V or more.
8424h agoCircadian rhythm disruptions occur in C9orf72-ALS/FTD due to reduced neuronal activity in certain brain cells.
8424h agoVisceral fat removal improves metabolism and cognition in Alzheimer's disease mice, but only in males, and the benefits are linked to changes in glucose and lipid metabolism.
8424h agoMicroglia play a critical role in central nervous system pathologies, and their modulation offers therapeutic potential, with siponimod shown to modulate microglia populations, reducing inflammation and neuronal damage.
8424h agoStriatal function is domain specific, required for task-related movements but not for spontaneously expressed movements.
8428h agoA pancreas-hippocampus feedback loop links metabolic and circadian factors to behavioral fluctuations, potentially contributing to bipolar disorder.
8428h agoAn alternative splicing mechanism explains the retention of a C9orf72 intron segment in a translated mRNA in ALS–FTD neurons.
8428h agoThe sensory cortex's layer structure changes with age, with deep layer degeneration driving overall thinning and layer IV becoming thicker.
8428h agoMachine-learning analysis of single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals human-specific gene expression in immature neurons, but similar biological processes in the hippocampus across species.
8428h agoActivating Gs signaling at mitochondria increases mitochondrial metabolism, leading to better memory in mouse models of dementia, linking brain mitochondrial deficits to cognitive symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
8428h agoTau protein disrupts neural networks by silencing neurons, which can spontaneously recover, but fail to regain normal interactions, leading to a breakdown in network activity and connectivity.
8428h agoThe prefrontal cortex enables flexibility during environmental changes by dynamically updating and maintaining different encodings, and dysfunction in this process leads to maladaptive perseveration.
8432h agoThe brain's attentional resources switch between focusing on the current task and shifting to other locations at a theta rhythm frequency, making people more susceptible to distractors during certain windows of time.
8432h agoThe kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling switches from inhibitory to excitatory in a subset of dopamine neurons after an aversive experience or corticotrophin releasing factor exposure.
8432h agoDopamine projections play a crucial role in learning, motivation, and cognition by encoding reward prediction errors that train other neurons to learn reward-associated representations and values.
8432h agoSensory attenuation occurs when people associate their actions with sensory outcomes, and this effect happens even when they have little experience with the association.
8432h agoThe AGO-APP method, which uses the T6B peptide, allows isolating of miRNAs bound to Ago, and this method is now possible in vivo using two new transgenic mouse lines.
8432h agoA network of Quadratic Integrate-and-Fire neurons with temporally asymmetric Hebbian connectivity robustly reproduces a range of sequential neural activities, including persistent and transient patterns, without needing specialized mechanisms.
8436h agoAn ensemble-based graph representation method of fMRI data classifies human cognitive brain states with high accuracy by leveraging multiple machine-learning models to convey richer topological information.
8436h agoA balanced network of neurons with sparse synaptic links behaves like a single neuron subject to effective random noise, with the noise rate determined by the neuron state probabilities.
8436h agoA novel computational model using hierarchical active inference shows that reading and eye movements can be simulated through inference over a hierarchical generative model, facilitating predictions and inferences at various levels of language processing.
8436h agoThe scattering dynamics of kinks in a nonlinear system depend on the parameter λ, with small kinks showing complex behavior, including a non-monotonic critical velocity for separation, resonance phenomena, and the formation of large kinks, while large kinks consistently produce small kinks during collisions.
8436h agoCellular automata provide a simple yet powerful model for studying complex systems and emergent behaviors by representing algorithms through dynamic state-space configurations.
8436h agoModifying the kick sequence in an atom-optics kicked rotor system leads to enhanced localization, displaying a combination of increased diffusion followed by asymptotic localization.
8436h agoDynamical tunneling occurs in quantum systems where a classical particle would be trapped, allowing it to escape through dynamical barriers in chaotic Hamiltonian systems.
8436h agoInteractions between rotors can induce chaos in the integrable linear kicked rotor, and its quantum dynamics exhibit a variety of phases, including classically induced localization, dynamical localization, subdiffusive and diffusive phases.
8436h agoDynamical measures of quantum correlations, including OTOC, Loschmidt echo, and others, are periodic with kick strength k in a quantum kicked top, and this periodicity depends on the number of spins.
8436h agoThe quantum kicked rotor model can be used to implement a quantum algorithm for unstructured search and amplitude estimation, and its dynamical localization property can enhance the algorithm's performance by reducing its average runtime.
8436h agoChaos enhances or impedes the maximum unitarily extractable work from a quantum system, ergotropy, depending on whether the system state is known or unknown.
8436h agoA data-driven learning framework identifies governing laws of generalized diffusions with non-gradient components by combining energy dissipation laws with a physically consistent penalty and first-moment evolution.
8436h agoA novel framework combines Active Inference principles with Large Language Models to develop safe Artificial General Intelligence by integrating safety guarantees into the system's core design.
8436h agoA spin chain model with "free fermions in disguise" is presented where the frustration graph contains both claws and even holes, still allowing for free fermionic solvability due to special relations between coupling constants.
8436h agoThe flow past two side-by-side square cylinders is unstable, with two positive Lyapunov exponents and distinct regions of instability in the near-wake and further downstream.
8436h agoMechanical lattices made of elliptical gears exhibit topologically protected modes and amplitude-driven transitions due to quasiperiodic modulation and geometric nonlinearity.
8436h agoA regulatory framework based on stochastic martingale turnover allows biological systems, such as intestinal immunity, to autonomously achieve balanced population states through mutual cell competition and decay.
8436h agoActive particles with a broken symmetry can form micelles depending on their center of inertia, and this behavior is driven by the interplay of activity and particle shape asymmetry.
8436h agoThe enhanced solute diffusivity model, extended to concentrated alloys, captures solute trapping and microstructure development during rapid alloy solidification, producing robust results for a range of materials and processing parameters.
8436h agoLarger cities and denser neighborhoods have less per-capita built mass because their mass grows at a slower rate than their population.
8436h agoThe chaos in a two-temperature particle model increases nonlinearly with thermostat anisotropy, deviating from expected quadratic dependence, and shows non-Gaussian momentum statistics under strong driving.
8436h agoModifying the kick sequence in an atom-optics kicked rotor system leads to enhanced localization, displaying a combination of increased diffusion followed by asymptotic localization.
8436h agoA balanced network of neurons with sparse synaptic links behaves like a single neuron subject to effective random noise, with the noise rate determined by the neuron state probabilities.
8436h agoActive particles in ultrastable glasses cause a crossover from heterogeneous to homogeneous yielding, leading to continuous and delayed yielding through the emergence of multiple shear bands.
8436h agoThe SIS model on directed complex networks exhibits a nonequilibrium phase transition between the absorbing and endemic phases when the mean degree is greater than or equal to the inverse of the average infection rate.
8436h agoThe Parisi formula for mean-field multi-species spin glasses with convex covariance function can be transformed into a supremum over all probability measures, and it admits a unique maximizer.
8436h agoA primitive form of intuition emerges in large predictive models when they strike a balance between predicting the next token and exploring future possibilities.
8436h agoEquilibrium propagation can be used to compute gradients in hardware for damped dynamical systems, enabling mechanical and electronic systems to autonomously learn and process dynamical signals.
8436h agoEEG gamma power reflects large-scale synchronous activity that is spatially and feature-tuned, while alpha suppression is less spatially tuned and influenced by anticipatory and normalization processes.
8452h agoThe delay in calcium dynamics in neurons is associated with the number of manic episodes in bipolar disorder patients.
8452h agoEye movements encode the semantic meaning of remembered stimuli, specifically the category membership, and this is reflected in human gaze behavior.
8456h agoThe brain regions involved in social interaction, including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, have specific causal interactions that change depending on whether an individual is the target of social gaze or directing gaze towards a partner.
8456h agoChanges in neurotransmitter levels, specifically invariant GABA and reduced glutamate, help preserve functional integration in the brain across the lifespan despite structural decline.
8456h agoATXN2 polyQ expansion impairs myelin maintenance, affecting key oligodendroglial proteins and causing splicing anomalies, leading to demyelination and delayed sensory responses.
8456h agoOlder adults rely more on vision to maintain posture control than younger adults, with older adults relying 40% on vision and younger adults relying 33%.
8456h agoNonquantal glutamatergic transmission from type I hair cells generates normal afferent firing patterns and dynamic vestibular behaviors, while glutamatergic release from type II hair cells is required for detecting gravity.
8456h agoImagination of pain activates similar brain areas as actual pain, but does not precisely replicate the specific pain patterns, and instead generates a more widespread and less precise pain-like activity.
8456h agoChanges in evoked EEG amplitude variability can detect cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease patients by showing delayed information processing and altered brain activity.
8456h agoDifferent phase lags in dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation significantly affect key electric field characteristics, particularly when targeting closely spaced cortical areas like the primary motor cortices.
8456h agoPeak centre of mass acceleration and other measures such as number of reactive steps and perceived exertion are valid measures of balance training intensity that can be used to prescribe and report exercise intensity.
8456h ago3D surface-based computational mapping provides fine-scale maps of brain alterations in neurological, developmental, and psychiatric conditions more sensitively than traditional analysis.
8460h agoSensory inputs reshape collective brain activity by weakening neuronal connections, which integrates separate brain networks and allows for more efficient representation of sensory information.
8460h agoEEG signals can reliably predict the underlying spiking activity in the brain, and using a comprehensive account of EEG features, such as phase, amplitude, and phase-amplitude coupling, improves the accuracy of these predictions.
8460h agoSpontaneous physical activity, such as walking, suppresses the activity of AgRP neurons, which drive hunger-related behaviors, and this suppression encourages concurrent movement and exercise.
8464h agoVisual and vestibular signals from self-motion are processed in separate brain networks that have some overlap in specific areas.
8464h agoTraumatic brain injury causes a biphasic response in human neurons, with an early phase marked by excitotoxicity and network collapse, and a late phase characterized by sustained depolarization and structural remodeling.
8464h agoMicroglia direct the fates of injured motoneurons by adopting different phenotypes, one that promotes degeneration and another that facilitates regeneration, through TREM2 signaling.
8464h agoThe accumulation of mutant huntingtin exon1 protein partly explains the varying levels of damage in different brain regions and cell types in Huntington's disease.
8464h agoMultiple representations of a visual stimulus exist in the cortex at the same time, using different formats such as category, meaning, and location to keep the stimulus in memory.
8476h agoDifferent neural circuits shape alpha oscillations in the brain, with corticothalamic interactions in the back and corticocortical interactions in the front, and these interactions change with age.
8480h agoMammalian neocortex function relies on layer 6 corticothalamic neurons forming excitatory connections preferentially with parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons, rather than with other excitatory cells.
8480h agoImpaired autophagy correlates with a-Synuclein pathology and neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
8480h agoThe right side of the prefrontal cortex suppresses the brain's ability to learn from patterns in the environment, and its inhibition leads to more exploratory processing.
8480h agoThe brain encodes a multidimensional representation of uncertainty, specifically the probability of the most likely word and the spread across all plausible alternatives, when processing speech.
8480h agoWhen people receive new information that conflicts with their existing memories, their brains show a distinct pattern of activity in the prefrontal cortex, initially decreasing and then increasing, as they update and reorganize their memories.
8480h agoIn people with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, brain atrophy starts in the cerebellum and brainstem and progresses in a consistent pattern, affecting motor, cognitive, and emotional control regions.
8480h agoIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have reduced early auditory responses to speech cues, including typical and complex sounds.
8480h agoMutations in the GRIK2 gene lead to intellectual disability, developmental delay, motor impairments, and epilepsy in individuals by causing a gain-of-function in the kainate receptor.
8480h agoActivating projections from the left to the right medial prefrontal cortex during stress prevents stress-induced behavioral changes in mice, while inhibiting these projections increases vulnerability to stress effects.
8480h agoLarge language models are increasingly important in social science research, and guidance is provided on how to validate and use them as rigorous tools.
8484h agoAn action potential at a single excitatory synaptic contact in the cerebellar cortex can release more than one vesicle.
8484h agoAdolescent females at high risk for depression have a distinct gut microbiota profile characterized by a higher abundance of Prevotella and lower levels of beneficial genera, linked to their advanced adrenarcheal development.
8492h agoFocal lesions in different parts of the primary motor cortex produce distinct deficits in reach and grasp movements in rhesus monkeys, with New M1 lesions affecting movement variability and Old M1 lesions affecting movement speed.
8492h agoCocaine use disorder leads to changes in brain activity, marked by lower energy in brain networks, particularly in regions related to noradrenaline and mu opioid receptors, and affects a person's ability to control impulses and make decisions.
8504h agoWorking memory content drifts over time in the brain, changing from the original information to errors in memory reports, and this process involves information flowing from higher to lower visual areas.
8504h agoContinuous sensory feedback helps the brain make ongoing adjustments to motor control by engaging a dynamic feedback loop involving distinct neural processes.
8504h agoSerotonin plays a crucial role in regulating the time window for forming associations between environmental cues and threats, and helps distinguish real threats from irrelevant stimuli.
8504h agoAction requirements shape temporal prediction in the human cortex by amplifying error signaling when a response is needed.
8504h agoBeta oscillations play a key role in flexible prioritization of working memory content by clearing or inhibiting stimuli, with decreased beta power predicting the accuracy of recalled information.
8504h agoGreater neural sensitivity to feedback supports better motor learning, and cortical excitability related to memory consolidation supports better motor skill retention.
8504h agoRobotic and computer vision assessments detect differences between symmetrical and asymmetrical reaching, but provide varying metrics, with moderate correlations between the two approaches for unilateral and symmetric reaching but not for asymmetric reaching.
8504h agoRapamycin increases vascular smooth muscle cell protein expression in mesenchymal stem cells by acting on a key regulatory pathway, and also boosts a protein that promotes blood vessel growth.
8504h agoLarge language models can simulate language disorders such as aphasia when their components are selectively disabled, and retraining the remaining healthy parts can restore linguistic function.
8508h agoRe-entry of travelling excitation loops in brain networks drives human seizures, and precise stimulation or small lesions can stop these loops.
8508h agoThe covariance eigenvalue distribution of neural population activity can be precisely understood using equations that account for the nonlinearity of neurons, providing a unified interpretation for changes in the spectrum and dimension across different dynamical regimes.
8508h agoThe fractal frequency mapping enables complex neuronal effects by exciting new spectral components through fractal recomposition of input spectra, resulting in high sensitivity detection and robustness to noise.
8508h agoThe kinetic energy distribution of random recurrent neural networks shifts from zero to a positive value at a critical coupling variance, showing a power-law behavior near the critical point.
8508h agoA scalar reduction method determines the existence and stability of phase-locked states in forced or coupled systems, capturing their emergence and disappearance as a function of coupling strength and heterogeneity.
8508h agoA rational elliptic surface of rank 2 is defined by the invariant foliation of the plane for a given integrable map, and another integrable map commuting with the first is constructed.
8508h agoHighly frustrated magnets have a special high-energy dynamical state where interactions are suppressed, leading to unstable periodic orbits and a power-law distribution of amplitudes in mid-spectrum thermal eigenstates.
8508h agoThe kinetic energy distribution of random recurrent neural networks shifts from zero to a positive value at a critical coupling variance, showing a power-law behavior near the critical point.
8508h agoThe covariance eigenvalue distribution of neural population activity can be precisely understood using equations that account for the nonlinearity of neurons, providing a unified interpretation for changes in the spectrum and dimension across different dynamical regimes.
8508h agoA three-stage hyperspherical encoding method generates turbulent fields with accurate energy spectrum, vortex structures, and intermittency using a small number of qubits.
8508h agoActive Inference provides a foundation for developing autonomous AI agents that learn from experience without needing continuous human reward engineering.
8508h agoTopological modes of variability provide a concrete link between abstract topological invariants and time-dependent behavior in complex systems.
8508h agoStochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) effectively calibrates Pyragas delayed feedback control to suppress chaos in the Sprott circuit by optimizing control parameters.
8508h agoThe process of relaxation toward equilibrium in a quantum system is orders of magnitude faster than in its classical counterpart because a wave packet can escape regions of inefficient transport by a mechanism like tunneling.
8508h agoA minimal model proposes that self-propelled topological defects in a nematic active solid move by local remodeling of the nematic texture, leading to unbinding of defect pairs and stabilization of +1 defects.
8508h agoInstabilities in binary immiscible homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate are dominated by large vortex productions and sound-wave propagations, with different types of instabilities showing distinct behaviors in terms of vortex dynamics and sound wave excitations.
8508h agoCavity polaritons exhibit quantum collective behavior, including analogues of Bose-Einstein condensate and superfluidity at high temperatures, and their dynamics are affected by energy relaxation processes.
8508h agoAbrikosov vortices in type-II superconductors have a density of superconductive electrons that reaches a maximum outside the vortex core, surpassing its bulk value, in the zero-temperature limit with tightly bound Cooper pairs.
8508h agoIncreasing the effective temperature of charge carriers in organic semiconductors enhances conductivity and device performance.
8508h agoDisorder in Rydberg atom arrays leads to new classes of criticalities, even in low spatial dimensions where conventional disorder would destroy criticality, due to nontrivial local constraints.
8508h agoA novel framework combining shadow tomography and machine learning models enables efficient classification of quantum phases of matter using abundant training data from quantum simulators.
8508h agoA simple protocol using random SWAP tests achieves the same fidelity as the optimal Schur transform in purifying qubits, allowing for the extraction of information invariant under qubit permutations.
8508h agoThe partial projected ensemble framework reveals that statistical fluctuations and bit-string probabilities track the causal lightcone of information spreading in quantum many-body systems, showing how scrambling dynamics are encoded in ensemble structure.
8508h agoThe localization transition in a one-dimensional system with a composite potential has a reentrant phenomenon where increasing the amplitude of the periodic component enhances localization and strengthens mirror symmetry, leading to a paradoxical effect on the formation of extended states.
8508h agoHopfield networks with vector spins can denoise corrupted input patterns at large capacities as the spin dimension grows, but their retrieval phase shrinks with growing spin dimension.
8508h agoLattice anomalies, which are topological invariants of symmetry actions in lattice systems, reproduce expected properties of QFT anomalies but also have crucial differences, including the existence of non-trivial anomalies that are infrared trivial.
8508h agoTau protein plays a role in regulating synaptic function by controlling the actin cytoskeleton, and its elimination enhances synaptic weakening in male rats.
8508h agoUltrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) imaging through intact skull and skin allows high-resolution vascular imaging of the brain in non-human primates, enabling detection of small vessels and measurement of blood flow velocities.
8508h agoThe human cortex has distinct regional functionality governed by specific gene regulatory networks and transcription factors that control cell-type and region specificity.
8508h agoCK2 drives astrocytic inflammation by enhancing NF-kappaB activity, and its inhibition reduces inflammation in Alzheimer's disease models, making it a promising therapeutic target.
8508h agoMutations in the PROM1 gene cause inherited retinal dystrophy, and researchers have now successfully used gene therapy to restore PROM1 expression and improve visual function in patient-derived cells and mice.
8508h agoThe new energy landscape analysis framework, ELA/GAopt, uses a genetic algorithm to automatically select brain regions of interest and characterize brain activity, revealing reproducible and generalizable results that can aid in discovering neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical conditions.
8508h agoThe site of traumatic brain injury affects neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage, with different areas of impact leading to distinct microglial activation and neuronal vulnerability.
8508h agoZeoBind, an AI-accelerated workflow, enables the discovery and experimental verification of hits within chemical spaces containing hundreds of millions of zeolites.
8512h agoHuman behavior is replicated well by large language models, but deviates in important ways that could mislead social scientists.
8512h agoZeoBind enables high-throughput screening of molecules for zeolite synthesis by enumerating 2.3 million organic structure-directing agents and developing predictive models for binding affinity.
8512h agoCross-fostering affects hippocampal development in degu pups, with different effects in males and females, and in different regions of the hippocampus, depending on the type of cross-fostering.
8512h agoThe free-energy principle explains brain function through a unified theory, and works well in modelling how neurons organise themselves in living animals during decision-making.
8512h agoHybrid males adjust their courtship strategies based on the female species they interact with, and their behavior is shaped by their genetic background and the maternal strain.
8516h agoThe study finds that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has incoherent flow in the human brain's subarachnoid space, detectable using T1-D and T2-D MRI methods.
8520h agoAdding a vascular network to midbrain organoids creates a more complex model that better mimics the brain, allowing for studies on neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
8520h agoExcessive sympathetic signaling in the autonomic nervous system is linked to cardiac dysfunction, and research in a mouse model finds that a specific neuronal subpopulation (NA1b) is increased, along with M-current potassium ion channels and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and neurodegeneration pathways.
8520h agoThe visual cortex is organized by an action gradient, with areas that respond to body parts, hands, tools, and manipulable objects arranged along a specific axis.
8520h agoTranscranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) induces neuroplastic changes that persist, and when applied to the early visual cortex, it reduces visual evoked potentials in the opposite visual field in a dose-dependent manner.
8520h agoThe posterior parietal cortex monitors behavioral outcomes and reorganizes its neural representation as monkeys learn new visual-motor associations over multiple days.
8520h agoHuman iPSC-derived microglia, neurons, and astrocytes can be co-cultured in a stable and self-sufficient brain microtissue, allowing for investigation of cell-cell interactions and providing a new approach to study normal and pathological brain processes.
8520h agoThe miR-290-295 cluster is exclusively expressed in dopamine neurons of the adult substantia nigra pars compacta, where it maintains locomotor function and adequate dopamine production by regulating protein synthesis.
8524h agoLower concentrations of soluble SORL1 in cerebrospinal fluid are found in people with impaired SORL1 function due to genetic variants.
8524h agoDopamine signaling in the tail of the striatum helps regulate how mice adapt to unpleasant stimuli and learn to seek rewards.
8528h agoOxytocin receptor neurons in the prefrontal cortex promote social interaction by regulating the activity of pyramidal neurons to enable the choice of social over non-social options.
8528h agoMutations in the ATRX gene disrupt the development of brain regions, leading to intellectual disability, autism, and brain structural abnormalities, including impaired connectivity between the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum.
8528h agoSex differences in emotional learning are driven by non-specific baseline differences in exploratory behavior, not by differences in learning valence.
8528h agoThe gene MEIS1 plays a conserved role in sleep maintenance, and its loss impairs cerebellar development and leads to sleep fragmentation.
8528h agoSodium ions spread rapidly within dendrites after a glutamate stimulus, causing a quick redistribution and recovery from local sodium increases, mainly driven by concentration differences.
8528h agoPsilocybin induces network-specific changes in brain connectivity, strengthening inputs from perceptual and medial regions to subcortical targets while weakening cortico-cortical recurrent loops.
8528h agoA new graph-diffusion network model simulates cortical maturation while preserving subject-specific cortical morphology, enabling the identification of subtle deviations from normal brain development patterns.
8532h agoThe combination of Active Inference and the Drift-Diffusion Model accounts for cognitive effort arising from habit violation and value discriminability, but has mixed results in predicting behavioral data from a two-step task.
8532h agoInvoluntary eye movements become less accurate as the dynamic properties of a ride-on machine change, making it harder to maneuver and increasing cognitive load.
8532h agoThe study of rodent social behavior now uses computational methods in artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide more nuanced insights, replacing traditional approaches that introduce bias and miss complexity.
8532h agoA new framework proposes tests to determine if artificial intelligence systems can have consciousness-like properties by assessing their interface representations.
8532h agoA new framework characterizes judgments of similarity within a perceptual or semantic domain, and makes inferences about the underlying structure of this domain from these judgments, by deriving indices that assess compatibility with symmetric dis-similarity, ultrametric space, and additive tree.
8532h agoThe brain's structural organization shapes its functional capabilities, and a new algebraic quantum model bridges the gap between the two by linking the brain's physical architecture to emergent brain functions.
8532h agoMotor cortex activity for controlling reach-to-grasp movements is concentrated in patches that are spatially organized, with separate areas for reaching and grasping.
8532h agoAction potentials are accompanied by a synchronized soliton pressure pulse in the cell membrane and consist of three inseparable states: the physiological action potential, the action potential pulse, and the computational action potential.
8532h agoBayesian models of cognition use predictive coding, which relies on simple local computations to drive learning and behavior through hierarchical probabilistic inferences about sensory inputs.
8532h agoRecurrent neural networks can generalize infinitely to data far beyond their training set when trained on a simple but nonlinear task with sufficient finite training experience.
8532h agoA hybrid system combining a neural network with a simulated system helps improve predictions of chaotic dynamical systems by refining model predictions to synchronize with actual system dynamics.
8532h agoThe adiabatic gauge potential generates special canonical transformations in classical systems, and its gradient can be computed efficiently as a classical function to reproduce expected results in simple and integrable systems.
8532h agoScientists derive conditions for glider patterns in Asymptotic Lenia, a variant of Conway's Game of Life, and use these conditions to discover novel glider configurations with specific properties.
8532h agoThe Central Dogma of molecular biology can be generalised as a division of labour between transmitting and expressing information, with nucleic acids perpetuating information and proteins enacting it to facilitate their function.
8532h agoIntegrability is a key property in studying the duality between superconformal gauge theories and strings in anti-de Sitter superspaces, and a representation of null-string equations in (anti-)de Sitter space is obtained as a Lax equation.
8532h agoA general framework combining phase-space reconstruction, recurrence matrices, and convolutional neural networks accurately predicts precursors to extreme events in turbulent dynamical systems.
8532h agoSupersymmetry algebras are used to construct expressions for invertible braid operators, which can be turned into spectral parameter dependent R-matrices that help create integrable models.
8532h agoCluster algebras generate Weyl group actions through a graph-combinatorial approach, providing a systematic way to derive tropical representations and relevant to q-Painleve equations.
8532h agoNon-normal dynamics in complex systems can cause transiently unstable regimes, called pseudo-bifurcations, which produce early-warning signals similar to those of bifurcations, but occur before actual bifurcations and may make systems appear closer to a critical point than they are.
8532h agoTopological protection makes edge oscillations in a two-dimensional grid of coupled oscillators robust against parameter mismatches, noise, and defects.
8532h agoA hypothetical condition links the thermal conductivity of nanoscale low-dimensional systems to the canonical motion of the Toda lattice, with numerical simulations confirming that the potential energy function induced from nonequilibrium steady states matches that of the Toda Lattice.
8532h agoA class of 2x2 random-matrix models with constrained matrix elements has been introduced, which exhibits the Brody distribution as the exact eigenvalue spacing distribution.
8532h agoA network of coupled oscillators can learn to solve a classification task through its nonlinear evolution, using a combination of long-term and short-term memory and an evolution law that updates the system in response to new examples.
8532h agoThe frequency of generated time crystals in a one-dimensional quantum droplet is correlated with the system's temperature.
8532h agoDisorder and quenched interactions modify the static and dynamic properties of three-dimensional disordered quadrupolar Bose-Einstein condensates, enhancing quantum depletion and condensate deformation in the asymptotic steady state.
8532h agoSlow dynamics in brain activity emerge naturally in networks of spiking neurons with partial symmetry in their connections.
8532h agoThe localization transition in the disordered Aubry-Andr\'e}-Harper model depends on the structural complexity of the potential, with more complex potentials inducing immediate localization.
8532h agoThis thesis develops analytical methods to study stochastic processes driven by colored noise, focusing on active particle systems, and derives exact expressions for key observables, including mean first-passage time and exit probability.
8532h agoQuantum circuit complexity helps build efficient unsupervised machine learning for topological order in quantum many-body systems by connecting with fidelity change and entanglement generation.
8532h agoThe magnetic localization landscape approach captures key features of quantum state localization in the Integer Quantum Hall Effect, revealing spatial confinement regions and predicting eigenstate energies.
8532h agoA novel method optimizes transport properties in quantum networks by leveraging a single diagonalization of the system generator to tailor both the Hamiltonian and dissipative contributions.
8532h agoThe driven dynamics of localization transitions in a non-Hermitian Disordered Aubry-André model follow the Kibble-Zurek scaling under different boundary conditions.
8532h agoOxide-interface based electronic devices with multiple programmable functionalities enable the creation of scalable, silicon-compatible, and energy-efficient integrated circuits for advanced computing and decision-making tasks.
8532h agoThe brain's structural organization shapes its functional capabilities, and a new algebraic quantum model bridges the gap between the two by linking the brain's physical architecture to emergent brain functions.
8532h agoThe collective amplitude Schmid-Higgs mode in disordered superconductors and superfluids exhibits late-time oscillations that decay at a certain rate, and its dynamics lead to specific spatial and temporal behaviors.
8532h agoFoundation Neural-Network Quantum States (FNQS) leverage foundation model principles to define variational wave functions that can generalize to various quantum systems and tasks, enabling efficient estimation of challenging quantities and uncovering of quantum phase transitions.
8532h agoA network of coupled oscillators can learn to solve a classification task through its nonlinear evolution, using a combination of long-term and short-term memory and an evolution law that updates the system in response to new examples.
8532h agoThe study of Random Field $O(n)$ Models shows that the magnetization exhibits a continuous phase transition for a Gaussian disorder distribution, but a continuous or first-order transition with tricriticality for a bimodal disorder distribution.
8532h agoA new solver uses a neural network to efficiently find good solutions to complex optimization problems by learning the structure of the problem and adapting to different levels of solution precision.
8532h agoA quantum neural network on quantum computers classifies MNIST images better than a classical neural network, especially for borderline cases, by using qubit rotations and measurements to introduce quantum uncertainty.
8532h agoMitochondria serve as reservoirs for intracellular and extracellular calcium-phosphate and can contribute to its pathological buildup in the brain through a process involving migrasomes.
8536h agoInfrared light can stimulate deep-brain regions without surgery, offering a potential new way to treat neurological disorders.
8540h agoA miniaturized microscope can image neural activity in freely moving animals with high precision, capturing voltage spikes at a rate of 530 Hz.
8540h agoAlpha power in EEG resting-state measures is a reliable predictor of long-term memory performance in adults, and it positively correlates with memory performance in this population.
8540h agoDepression in people with Huntington's disease gene expansion is linked to distinct changes in brain connections, particularly in the posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, which occur independently of brain tissue loss.
8540h agoThe synaptic structure in the input layers of the primate primary visual cortex differs from the output layer, with a higher proportion of multisynaptic boutons containing mitochondria in input layers 4C, which are structurally adapted to support high synaptic efficacy.
8540h agoThe Sardine software framework enables robust control of experimental setups by connecting independent modules that interface with hardware devices or process data, and delivers fault-tolerant hardware control and streamlined data processing.
8544h agoThe HMC3 cell line does not reliably represent human microglial cells, instead showing the highest similarity to astrocytes.
8544h agoAlcohol exposure leads to neuroimmune dysregulation, microglial activation, and increased production of soluble TREM2, potentially contributing to the development of cognitive impairments and alcohol-associated dementia.
8544h agoMotilA is a Python-based image analysis pipeline that quantifies fine process motility of microglia from 3D time-lapse fluorescence microscopy data and can be extended to analyze dynamic morphological changes in other cell types.
8544h agoWalking affects how people detect changes in sounds, with brain responses to sound changes fluctuating with each step, and the brain reallocating sensory resources to optimize perception during movement.
8544h agoBreathing low-oxygen air protects mice from Parkinson's disease-like neuronal loss and reverses symptoms.
8548h agoIncreasing serotonin levels has sex-specific effects on fear learning in mice, enhancing fear memory in females by promoting communication between the BNST and amygdala.
8548h agoMarkov models of voltage-gated ion channels are sensitive to different parameters in specific ways during activation and deactivation phases, with forward transitions influencing activation and reverse transitions influencing deactivation, and transitions between closed states having minimal impact on overall current.
8548h agoEarly life chronic stress changes the activity of certain brain cells, specifically serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, leading to altered responses to stress and changes in behavior.
8548h agoStress affects people differently, and brain imaging can identify biomarkers that predict who is more likely to be resilient or vulnerable to stress.
8552h agoPre-existing knowledge helps people learn new information quickly if it matches what they already know.
8552h agoThe brain reinstates visual content from nearby past events when it re-encounters a familiar visual stimulus, and this effect is linked to activity in the hippocampus and is stronger for events that are remembered.
8552h agoThe processes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells increase in total length during the first two months of postnatal life in mice by adding new branches to existing processes, not by creating new ones.
8552h agoChildren with autism spectrum disorder have reduced broad-band neural responses to auditory stimuli, especially at low frequencies, which correlates with their IQ and age.
8552h agoGreater activity in the cholinergic system helps people with higher self-regulation sustain attention during simple tasks.
8552h agoMusic enhances visual statistical learning by reorganizing large-scale brain networks, allowing people to better segment continuous visual streams into events and learn sequential relationships.
8552h agoMind wandering is associated with impaired inhibitory control but enhanced learning of probabilistic sequences, and the improvement in learning is directly linked to the decline in inhibitory control.
8552h agoThe human brain's functional and structural connections show different patterns of correlation when analyzed at the network level versus the edge level.
8556h agoNerve impulses consist of three inseparable states: the physiological action potential, the action potential pulse, and the computational action potential, with the physiological action potential being important for neural connectivity but not for computational processes.
8556h agoParticle trajectories on a cone with an elliptical boundary can behave in three ways: sample the entire base while avoiding the apex, sample only part of the base while avoiding the apex, or uniformly sample the entire cone surface.
8556h agoThe PDE formulation of Asymptotic Lenia allows for rigorous analysis of complex behaviors using dynamical systems theory, enabling a mathematical explanation for distinct solution classes and conditions for complex behavior.
8556h agoThe symmetric non-Stäckel variable separation for the three-dimensional extension of the Clebsch model uses the same separation curves with genus five.
8556h agoThe Hess case and its extension to a gyrostat allow the motion of a heavy rigid body or gyrostat with a fixed point to be integrated in quadratures under certain conditions.
8556h agoThe dynamic response of objects larger than the wavelength to acoustic radiation forces can be accurately modeled using Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (SINDy), which derives nonlinear equations of motion from data.
8556h agoA nonlocal version of the massive Thirring model and its solutions are presented, including solitons, double-pole solutions, and algebraic solitons.
8556h agoA non-reciprocal version of Model B shows that mobility coefficients play a crucial role in non-reciprocal mixtures, affecting stability and spinodal dynamics, and can lead to complex transitions and multiple lengthscales.
8556h agoThe immune system's response to cancer shows a sharp phase transition in learning, and it acquires a certain amount of information about cancer cells over time.
8556h agoA class of 2x2 random-matrix models is introduced, where the Brody distribution is the exact eigenvalue spacing distribution, and matrix elements are constrained finite sums of exponential random variables.
8556h agoSimple Lie groups of types B and C can be described using axially symmetric weighted planar networks that have certain Poisson properties and parametrize the totally nonnegative part of the groups.
8556h agoSmall-amplitude periodic traveling wave solutions of the Novikov equation are spectrally unstable to long-wavelength perturbations if their wave number is greater than a critical value, but are spectrally stable if their wave number is less than the critical value.
8556h agoA two-dimensional polariton fluid driven by a plane electromagnetic wave can have topological excitations, such as domain walls of relative phase or confined half-vortex molecules, due to the system's spinor nature.
8556h agoA two-temperature model shows nonlinear dissipation scaling and chaos with controlled deviations from equilibrium, producing a fractal attractor and non-Gaussian momentum statistics.
8556h agoA higher-order Ising formulation for Max-3-Cut preserves valid configurations under single-spin updates, resulting in smoother energy landscapes and faster solutions on analog Ising machines.
8556h agoThe quantum annealing Ising model on random graphs exhibits a transition from localized to chaotic to integrable behavior as connectivity changes, which is reflected in various indicators of quantum chaos.
8556h agoA systematic method can construct topological band insulators without translational symmetry in amorphous systems by reducing disordered systems to isospectral effective periodic systems.
8556h agoOxide-interface based electronic devices with multiple programmable functionalities enable the creation of scalable, silicon-compatible, and energy-efficient integrated circuits for advanced computing and synaptic logic operations.
8556h agoSparksMatter, a multi-agent AI model, autonomously designs inorganic materials by generating ideas, executing experiments, and refining results to propose candidate materials that meet target objectives.
8556h agoA new kind of exceptional point degeneracy emerges in a synthetic frequency dimension, enabling the design of wavefronts with targeted frequency conversion and flat transmission spectra.
8556h agoClass imbalance in machine learning slows down training and reduces performance, but a new theoretical framework helps analyze and address the issue by identifying different sources of imbalance and providing practical guidelines.
8556h agoInteractions profoundly influence the spread of quantum magic in disordered many-body localized systems, causing it to grow in a power-law manner.
8556h agoSPARCS, a novel architecture search protocol, enables the exploration of possible neural network architectures and yields a simple, efficient architecture with minimal expressivity and reduced parameters.
8556h agoIncreasing the concentration of Na2O in (TeO2)1-x-(Na2O)x glasses leads to structural depolymerization, which creates Na-rich channels that enhance ion mobility.
8556h agoLocalization is perturbatively stable under weak interactions, with corrections to local integrals of motion converging for at least some fraction of them, and charge transport capacity remaining bounded.
8556h agoMagnetometers offer a promising alternative to existing technologies for silent speech recognition, enabling robust, generalizable, and user-friendly systems that can accurately decode speech in wearable devices.
8560h agoThe human brain rapidly learns to recognize visual objects through neurons in the occipital and medial temporal lobe regions that adjust their activity to encode new visual information.
8560h agoDead cells obtained through heat treatment provide some functional and anatomical benefits for spinal cord injured mice, but are not suitable as cellular controls for cell transplantation studies.
8560h agoThe Concept2Brain model generates synthetic neural responses that closely resemble those observed in naturalistic scene perception, allowing users to predict brain responses to any semantic concept or picture.
8560h agoA high-resolution virtual brain twin approach estimates the epileptogenic network using stimulation-induced seizures, offering a step toward non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
8564h agoNeurons with distinct internal configurations can exhibit equivalent behaviors and transition through the same critical activity regimes, such as bursting and seizure-like activity, despite having different biophysical properties.
8564h agoThe refresh rate of overhead projectors used in visual system experiments impacts the perception of fast moving objects at the retinal, cortical, and psychophysical levels.
8564h agoT5 cells in the visual system of Drosophila receive input from Tm and CT1 neurons via eight types of polyadic synapses, which are arranged spatially based on the preferred direction of motion.
8564h agoStochastic neural oscillations can arise as quasi-cycles or stochastic limit cycles in neural systems with Hopf bifurcations, and noise can induce quasi-limit-cycles that mimic limit cycles from deterministic systems.
8564h agoA thalamostriatal circuit mechanism allows internally constructed outcomes, such as safety, to acquire motivational value through experience, by recruiting specific neurons and synapses to modulate dopamine release.
8576h agoThe developing brain processes salient stimuli differently in each infant, with individual-specific response patterns emerging in perceptual processing, while early auditory processing is similar across individuals.
8576h agoTransiently expressing reprogramming factors in human fibroblasts for just 3 days allows these cells to turn into neurons when Neurogenin-2 is overexpressed.
8576h agoEmotional content and linguistic structure of speech affect prefrontal brain connectivity during real-life conversations.
8576h agoNonlinear science has evolved over 35 years, and this Focus Issue brings together contributions on topics such as network dynamics, machine learning, and chaos, influenced by David K. Campbell's research.
8580h agoEntropy measurements of neuron cells can be refined to peak at the equilibrium potential of ions, allowing for analysis of living cell behavior and potential detection of differences between tumour and normal cells.
8580h agoThe hypergraph structure, with algebraic connectivity, identified brain areas with functional changes in Alzheimer's disease, and showed a link between tau biomarkers, brain activity, and cognitive decline.
8580h agoThe brain's functional network changes from childhood to adulthood, developing from a locally modular organization to a highly segregated and specialized system that balances internal and external demands.
8580h agoCITS, a new method, infers causal neural circuits from high-resolution time series data, uncovering interpretable and stimulus-specific causal connections between brain regions.
8580h agoA new dataset of high-precision three-dimensional reconstructions of 9,676 neurons at the whole-brain scale is being made publicly available to support algorithm development and brain circuit modeling in neuroscience research.
8580h agoThe refresh rate of overhead projectors used in visual system experiments impacts the perception of fast moving objects at the retinal, cortical, and psychophysical levels.
8580h agoThe retina uses two different inhibitory mechanisms, feed-forward and recurrent feedback inhibition, to predict the position of a moving object, with feed-forward inhibition working better at slower speeds and recurrent feedback coupling working best at a specific speed.
8580h agoObject-based attention is more perceptually effective than feature-based or global attention, and object-based and spatial-based attention engage distinct neural mechanisms.
8580h agoCombining synapse pruning with a learning-based compensation strategy creates lightweight spiking Transformer models that use fewer parameters and less computing power while keeping performance competitive.
8580h agoA large-scale comparison of Explainable AI methods on 45,000 brain MRIs reveals that two widely used methods, GradCAM and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation, often fail to accurately identify predictive features, while a simpler method, SmoothGrad, proves consistently accurate.
8580h agoA new class of models called the 'distributional mean-field' model accurately describes the activity of large neural populations in the brain by constraining the full probability distribution of activity along selected projections.
8580h agoA new framework characterizes judgments of similarity within a domain and infers the underlying structure by deriving indices from empirical judgments of relative similarities.
8580h agoA brain graph foundation model called BrainGFM uses graph contrastive learning and graph masked autoencoders to pre-train on large-scale fMRI data, enabling it to generalize across different brain representations and adapt to various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
8580h agoThe Markov blanket density, a measure of conditional independence between internal and external states, is a necessary foundation for the Free Energy Principle.
8580h agoCombining complex-valued representations with Kuramoto dynamics to promote neural synchrony improves deep learning models' ability to encode multiple objects in visual scenes.
8580h agoReciprocity, not barter, was the foundational economic logic in early human societies, and it can be explained by a simple framework based on individual recognition, reciprocal credence, and cost-return sensitivity.
8580h agoLinguistic diversity emerges on a fully connected network when agents with shared features interact based on homophily and social influence, and zealots spreading innovations affect the population's linguistic configurations.
8580h agoThe solutions presented for modelling rogue waves do not satisfy the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
8580h agoSolitons in lattices with the non-Hermitian skin effect come in two distinct phases: skin-mode-assisted solitons, which originate from the skin effect, and nonreciprocity-dressed solitons, which stem from band nonreciprocity.
8580h agoGenerative AI outputs can mysteriously change from correct to misleading or wrong without user notice, causing losses and risks, due to a hidden tipping instability that can be triggered by user prompts and AI training bias.
8580h agoThe rupture of a single liquid bridge in a chain of spheres linked by liquid bridges causes a fragmentation cascade.
8580h agoThe efforts to promote pro-vaccine science through online interventions have not changed the fundamental architecture of the network, with pro- and anti-vaccination views remaining isolated and interconnected.
8580h agoExciting the transverse breathing mode of a Bose-Einstein condensate produces longitudinal collective excitations in pairs through a process similar to cosmological particle production.
8580h agoBosons in a quasi-2D plane with repulsive interactions exhibit Poisson distribution and regular energy spectra in the moderate interaction regime, but chaotic behavior in the strong interaction regime, with rotation enhancing chaos.
8580h agoCoordinated self-organisation in granular systems emerges when a small subset of configurations are more stable than the rest and survive longer despite noise.
8580h agoCollective behaviours self-organise to criticality to achieve optimal efficiency in balancing predictability with energy costs.
8580h agoThe Boussinesq equation has an integrable hierarchy constructed using the Lie-algebraic approach, with finite-gap hamiltonian systems arising on coadjoint orbits in a loop algebra, leading to exact solutions expressed as multiply periodic functions.
8580h agoThe small Raman effect stabilizes the profile of dispersive shock waves in optical fibers during long-distance propagation of optical pulses.
8580h agoRetailers tend to cluster together in certain areas because consumers prefer to visit zones with many shops, leading to a unique and more robust prediction of retail distribution when using a global maximization approach.
8580h agoThe two-spinon excitations dominate the field-field correlator of the Tonks-Girardeau gas at low temperatures.
8580h agoCombining complex-valued representations with Kuramoto dynamics to promote neural synchrony improves deep learning models' ability to encode multiple objects in visual scenes.
8580h agoLarge buildings are on average 24% more energetically efficient per unit size than smaller buildings, and their efficiency is sensitive to external disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
8580h agoMatrix models are presented whose partition functions are tau functions of the universal character hierarchy, including new models associated with products of spheres with embedded graphs.
8580h agoA quantum annealing approach estimates the ground state energy of the Sherrington-Kirpatrick mean field spin glass model with an energy of -0.7623 to -0.7629, close to the best known estimate of -0.7632.
8580h agoOscillatory Neural Networks solve Sudoku puzzles by using phase synchronization, outperforming Hopfield Neural Networks, especially with up to 20 unknown values.
8580h agoNonlinear science has evolved over 35 years, and this Focus Issue brings together contributions on topics such as network dynamics, machine learning, and chaos, influenced by David K. Campbell's research.
8580h agoThe linear dispersiveness of light introduces topological aspects into light scattering in random media, leading to phenomena such as topological protection against localization and exotic phases.
8580h agoAging curves constructed from finite-cooling-rate data and traditional aging experiments do not match because rejuvenation, not cumulative aging, causes discrepancies between the two.
8580h agoCoupling to electromagnetic cavities induces a critical phase in the Aubry-Andre-Harper model, where extended, localized, and fractal eigenstates coexist, modifying the traditional transport phase diagram.
8580h agoNeural quantum states exhibit the double descent phenomenon, where generalization worsens as network size increases before improving again, but typically operate in an underparameterized regime where bigger networks can degrade generalization.
8580h agoBosonic systems with Gaussian unitary evolution exhibit information-scrambling diagnostics similar to chaotic systems, despite being integrable.
8580h agoPeople prioritize kinematic cues about others' choices over theoretical assumptions about rational behavior when coordinating, abandoning their default preferences for higher payoffs when reliable movement cues indicate a different choice.
8588h agoParkinson's disease patients show distinct changes in motor cortex interneuron excitability after paired associative stimulation, which relates to prefrontal brain volume and baseline motor cortex excitability.
8588h agoMicroglia swapping may treat ALSP.
8592h agoNeurons feed tumors.
8592h agoScientists use big data to classify Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
8592h agoListening to music depends on the brain combining its individual elements, and researchers found that increasing musical complexity creates new neural patterns but decreases their reliability.
8592h agoA wearable robotic extra limb becomes part of a person's body representation when it enables actions that are not otherwise possible, not just when it substitutes for existing abilities.
8592h agoThe nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogen tabernanthalog promotes neuroplasticity through 5-HT2AR activation without immediately increasing extracellular glutamate levels or immediate early gene expression.
8596h agoDysregulation of immune-related microglial functions is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, according to a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of human primary microglia.
8596h agoThe human brain uses multiple types of spatial feature representations and coordinate systems to encode spatial locations in 3D perception across different brain regions and time.
8596h agoOxytocin-producing neurons in different parts of the brain drive distinct social behaviors, with those in the anterior and posterior paraventricular nucleus having different roles in social approach and vigilance.
8600h agoBrain dynamics shift closer to criticality during wakefulness and shift away during deep sleep.
8600h agoSleep patterns in Germany show a clear east-west gradient, with people in western regions sleeping later, and a north-south gradient, with people in northern areas having more social jetlag and shorter sleep duration.
8600h agoThe cortical indexes for arousal and awareness are reflected in spectral slope and spectral entropy or complexity, respectively.
8600h agoAlpha-beta power in the ventral attention network increases before stimulus onset and helps resist distraction by inhibiting irrelevant information, and theta power in this network and the cognitive control network also correlates with faster reaction times.
8600h agoMicroglia regulate neuronal circuit function during inflammation, and their APOE4 genotype increases neuronal excitability by communicating with neurons through exosomes and lipid droplet metabolism.
8600h agoPIEZO2 channels are not the only mechanosensitive channels that mediate rapid-adapting mechanosensitive currents in sensory neurons.
8600h agoMunc13-1-mediated priming of synaptic vesicles controls short-term facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses through Ca2+-phospholipid and Ca2+-calmodulin signaling, which is necessary for working memory formation.
8600h agoToy models help develop and evaluate scientific theories of consciousness by clarifying frameworks, testing assumptions, and illuminating philosophical challenges.
8604h agoAnimals navigate their environment by switching between two internal states that influence how they respond to sensory input, with one state favoring steady movement and the other favoring sharp turns.
8604h agoNeural-decoding studies have overestimated decoding accuracies by 4.46-7.42% due to a repeated-stimulus confound that occurs when models are trained and evaluated on responses to the same stimuli.
8604h agoA microfluidic device with hexagonal wells and channels supports stable flow regimes for developing an organoid computing platform from neurons in vitro.
8604h agoA new approach combining synthetic biology, neuroscience modeling, and neuromorphic electronic systems creates an artificial system that mimics the natural sense of smell with a hybrid system of synthetic sensory neurons.
8604h agoThe HuiduRep framework extracts robust features from extracellular recordings, enabling accurate spike sorting without ground truth labels, and outperforming state-of-the-art tools.
8604h agoMixed Reality technology needs to incorporate multi-modal data streams and multi-agent interaction capabilities to enable meaningful social experiences that replicate human embodiment and socio-motor interaction.
8604h agoA system's stability can be ensured if it can return close to its original state over small but precisely defined durations within each period of disturbance.
8604h agoThe Whitham-Broer-Kaup hydrodynamic system is linked to quantum and resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and a novel n+1-dimensional extension of this system is constructed.
8604h agoRandom matrix product unitary ensembles reproduce Haar values of higher-order out-of-time-ordered correlators for local observables with only polynomial bond dimension, indicating the emergence of freeness and randomness in complex quantum systems.
8604h agoGeneral rogue waves of infinite order are primarily concentrated on one side of a specific curve in space-time coordinates, with their asymptotic behavior described by elliptic functions and modulated solitons.
8604h agoBayesian strategies that adapt to new evidence can resist invasion by reactive strategies and foster cooperation to sustain a resource-rich state in social dilemmas.
8604h agoMicrobial populations evolve to balance growth rate and adaptation time by allocating resources based on learned patterns of environmental transitions.
8604h agoA higher-order Ising formulation for solving combinatorial optimization problems with multi-valued integer variables results in smoother energy landscapes and leads to faster solutions on an analog Ising machine.
8604h agoEdge solitons in nonlinear electric circuits can be topologically nontrivial or trivial, and transitions between them are experimentally demonstrated in a trimer electric circuit lattice.
8604h agoCertain dynamical observables in chaotic systems exhibit a statistical similarity, described by the same rate function, even when constructed with different functions.
8604h agoCoupled Tchebyscheff maps have analytic expressions for periodic states, and their stability depends on the parameter choice, with some ranges showing exponentially slow dynamics.
8604h agoThis study develops information theory to understand how memoryful agents process information over time as they move through complex environments.
8604h agoIon-acoustic waves in a dusty plasma are investigated using two methods, Sagdeev pseudopotential analysis and reductive perturbation theory, which yield consistent soliton profiles when compositional parameters are appropriately selected.
8604h agoNeural quantum states exhibit a double descent phenomenon, where generalization worsens as network size increases before improving again, but typically operate in an underparameterized regime where larger networks can degrade generalization.
8604h agoDisorder in one-dimensional Heisenberg chains leads to a multifractal phase with quasi-localized spin correlations under strong disorder, and ergodic behavior with delocalized correlations under weak disorder.
8604h agoA new approach allows obtaining arbitrary excited states of quantum systems at a given energy by combining the shift-invert mechanism with imaginary time evolution.
8604h agoTopological invariants can be defined in real space and are equivalent to momentum-space invariants, with Chern and winding markers emerging as leading-order terms in a perturbative expansion.
8604h agoAvalanches are more pronounced in models with constraints than in those without, and are the mechanism behind the transition from many-body localization to the thermal phase.
8604h agoThe quantum Random Energy Model undergoes a localization-delocalization transition at finite energy density and shows an unconventional scaling of the fractal dimension near the ergodic fixed point.
8604h agoAmorphous materials with different stability levels exhibit distinct creep deformation behaviors under imposed shear stress, ranging from monotonic strain rates in least stable samples to non-monotonic S-shaped curves in more stable samples.
8604h agoLocal quantum measurements can reveal global properties of an unknown quantum network, such as average degree and hub density.
8604h agoSustained inhibition of MOR signaling disrupts affective and nociceptive processing, and the habenula plays a key role in mediating anxiety-like behavior and pain sensitivity.
8604h agoRetrograde optogenetics reveals functional visuo-motor convergences within the frontal eye field-superior colliculus projection in behaving macaques.
8604h agoPyMouseLifter accurately reconstructs 3D mouse poses from ordinary 2D top view videos with minimal manual annotation, enabling improved behavior classification in various laboratory settings.
8604h agoElectroacupuncture stimulation opens the blood-brain barrier in rats by making molecular and cellular changes in the brain, which could lead to more effective drug delivery.
8616h agoElectrical stimulation is more effective at evoking desired brain responses when applied near specific network regions in the brain, which can be identified using functional mapping.
8620h agoAdolescents have lower awareness of their internal bodily sensations, despite similar ability to detect heartbeats and focus on bodily sensations as adults.
8620h agoTMS-induced pupil dilations serve as an objective proxy for cortical excitability, with larger pupil size reflecting higher cortical excitability.
8620h agoTinnitus starts with heightened sensory reactivity in the brain, but this reactivity decreases over time as the condition becomes chronic.
8620h agoTraumatic cervical spinal cord injury triggers different neuroimmune responses and repairing mechanisms depending on the type of injury, with C2HS promoting a microglia profile toward repair and C3HC leading to a prolonged and potentially harmful immune response.
8620h agoA single circuit in the mouse primary visual cortex can either complete or cancel predictable sensory activity, depending on the number of stimulated cells and interactions between pyramidal cells and somatostatin interneurons.
8624h agoThe infralimbic cortex stores inhibitory memories that can be retrieved and used across many inhibitory procedures and distinct motivational contexts.
8624h agoExercise-derived extracellular vesicles increase hippocampal neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis in sedentary mice.
8624h agoGastrointestinal symptoms and autism spectrum disorders are linked, with gut problems potentially aggravating autism symptoms and vice versa, through a complex interplay between the digestive system, gut bacteria, and nervous systems.
8636h agoA co-designed neuromorphic computing and neural network system efficiently and affordably models ionic and electronic interactions in large-scale material systems.
8644h agoShank3 loss enhances postsynaptic AMPAR function and alters the balance between calcium-permeable and calcium-impermeable AMPARs at mossy fiber-cerebellar granule cell synapses, which may contribute to cerebellar-related behavioral deficits and autism spectrum disorder pathophysiology.
8648h agoHuman cortical neurons mature physiologically hundreds of times slower than those in mice, following a unique developmental timeline that continues well into adulthood.
8656h agoCalcium Network dynamiCs (CaNetiCs), an open-source toolbox, uses Nonnegative Matrix Factorization to analyze neuronal calcium signals, providing a framework for standardized dimensionality reduction and deeper exploration of neuronal network dynamics.
8656h agoCorrective sub-movements act as instructive signals for feedforward learning, helping to integrate feedback responses with anticipatory control signals in the cerebellum.
8656h agoA new framework identifies three distinct neurophysiological biotypes in youth with mental health conditions, which challenge conventional psychiatric diagnoses.
8656h agoLocust olfactory neural circuitry can differentiate between bacterial biofilm and planktonic cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with up to 96% accuracy by detecting their distinct odors.
8656h agoTraumatic brain injury disrupts the protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), leading to specific breakdown products in patient biofluids that can be used to monitor injury severity and predict patient outcomes.
8656h agoHox5 proteins are required for the proper organization and specialization of brainstem neurons that control breathing.
8656h agoAlpha-synuclein pathology impairs neuronal activity and alters local population activity in the visual cortex, but this change helps preserve visuoperceptual function in mice.
8656h agoKIAA0408 gene helps regulate the diversity of neural cells by controlling cilium formation, and its absence impairs brain organization and causes abnormal cell development.
8656h agoMitochondrial transplantation changes the metabolic architecture of glioblastoma cells, sensitizing adaptable subtypes to therapeutic stress by inducing bioenergetic overextension.
8656h agoA new method helps correct brain scan problems caused by patient movement, realigning the scan area to its correct position and reducing errors.
8656h agoNeural sensitivity to learned patterns emerges independently of explicit recognition, and brain responses to familiar and unfamiliar sequences differ, reflecting the extraction of regularities from sensory input.
8656h agoSerotonin released from the dorsal raphe nucleus modulates neural activity in all recorded brain regions and induces a rapid switch in internal state, but does not change behavior during a perceptual decision-making task.
8656h agoThe retina uses two different inhibitory mechanisms, feed-forward and recurrent feedback inhibition, to predict the position of a moving object, with feed-forward inhibition working better at slower speeds and recurrent feedback coupling working best at a specific speed.
8656h agoTwo distinct sets of serotonin neurons control the change in female behavior towards infants across reproductive stages, with one set promoting care and the other suppressing interaction.
8656h agoStress increases mitochondrial activity, and this stress mitochondrial response is linked to brain metabolites and cortical thickness, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex.
8656h agoThe expression of human tau in nematode neurons leads to age-associated changes in neuronal structural integrity, which can be worsened by stress and tau phosphorylation.
8656h agoAPP-CTFβ, a product of APP, accumulates at excitatory synapses and regulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission, causing hyperexcitability that is later counteracted by monomeric Aβ.
8656h agoThe transcription factor Hunchback generates neuronal diversity in progenitors and regulates neuronal connectivity in mature neurons to produce a properly tuned behavior.
8656h agoChronic social subordination stress from birth is associated with negative health and cognitive aging outcomes in macaques. (or alternatively and more simply) Macaques that experience chronic social subordination stress from birth have negative health and cognitive aging outcomes.
8656h agoDeletion of microRNA MIR-9-2 leads to severe brain abnormalities, including embryonic cerebral hemorrhages and hydrocephalus, and disrupts gene networks in the developing brain.
8656h agoThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex helps construct vivid mental images, not just abstract representations.
8660h agoDynamic Graph Neural Networks classify electroencephalography signals by capturing temporal changes in brain networks, outperforming previous methods in detecting abnormalities and epilepsy.
8660h agoA stable maternal body temperature is crucial for normal fetal development, and changes in it can cause fetal abnormalities and growth retardation.
8660h agoMANF levels in the brain decline with age, and this decline impacts neurobehaviors in an age- and sex-specific manner, with MANF deficiency affecting motor coordination, learning, memory, and social behavior.
8660h agoThe Better OSCillation (BOSC) detection method identifies sleep spindles more accurately than traditional methods by applying frequency-specific power thresholds calibrated to the signal itself.
8660h agoInfants develop the ability to detect synchrony between their heartbeat and external events during the first year of life.
8660h agoIndividual sensory biases influence functional connectivity in brain networks, particularly between sensorimotor regions and default mode network nodes, and are characterized by specific patterns of neural activity.
8660h agoHumans' inferences about others' intentions are biased by what they choose to observe, with selective observation creating an asymmetric effect that depends on the sequence of events.
8660h agoHigher levels of attention during movement are associated with stronger communication between sensorimotor areas of the brain and greater activation in attention-related networks.
8660h agoInterpersonal interactions that combine multiple sensory modalities lead to shared sensorimotor representations and change how individuals process multisensory information, resulting in reduced cross-modal integration and altered neural patterns.
8660h agoChanges in brain activity with age can be seen in EEG and MEG recordings, and a new approach provides a comprehensive profile of these changes, enabling robust assessment and comparison of brain health markers in ageing.
8660h agoLTP at excitatory synapses on VIP-INs in the mouse barrel cortex depends on metabotropic glutamate receptor type1 and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and involves presynaptic expression with retrograde signaling through endocannabinoids.
8660h agoThe entorhinal cortex helps people recognise and apply generalisable information from past experiences to new situations by forming neural patterns that highlight similar features.
8660h agoA computational model of cartwheel interneurons in the auditory system captures the diversity of their activity patterns and predicts how changes in parameters influence their behavior.
8660h agoA new head-mounted microscope allows near-simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity from five separate planes across multiple cortical layers in freely moving mice, revealing differential pattern sequences in layer 5 and layer 2/3 neuronal subpopulations during free decision making.
8660h agoShared neural representations between sensory presence and absence arise from multiple distinct mechanisms, with different brain regions encoding visual-structured or language-structured knowledge representations that vary in their association with imagery experience.
8660h agoThe intrinsic Spike Time Tiling Coefficient (iSTTC) provides more accurate estimates of neural timescales, especially with sparse, noisy, or epoched neural spike data, than traditional approaches.
8660h agoA Western diet induces early glucose intolerance and worsens metabolic, retinal, and vascular impairments in APOE4 mice, and a control diet does not prevent retinal dysfunction.
8660h agoCochlear implant stimulation activates the auditory cortex differently than acoustic stimulation, with distinct network activity dynamics, making it hard for the brain to interpret electrical signals as sound.
8660h agoThis protocol enables wide-field optical brain imaging in awake mice, allowing visualization of the dorsal cortex and measurement of brain haemodynamics, energy metabolism, and intracellular parameters.
8660h agoProlonged exposure to anesthetics isoflurane and dexmedetomidine during MRI is associated with a higher proportion of axons with myelin decompaction.
8660h agoObject contextual cueing does not emerge consistently across individuals, and its effect depends on individual cognitive styles or learning tendencies.
8660h agoCats, especially pet cats, are a natural model system for studying human aging because they share similar patterns of aging and brain atrophy with humans.
8660h agoIndividual neurons specialize in simple functions, and functionally similar cells are highly dispersed across brain regions, with each region containing cells of nearly all response types.
8660h agoA new imaging method called MR-AIV maps fluid flow in the brain, revealing a landscape of slow and rapid fluid movement that could help understand how the brain clears waste.
8660h agoLhx6-positive GABAergic neurons in the zona incerta regulate sleep pressure, and their activation varies across subgroups, with Nkx2-2-positive neurons responding strongly and Calb2-positive neurons responding weakly.
8660h agoA new computational approach using adaptive non-negative basis function regression allows for precise manipulation of neural circuits by optimizing stimulation sites and reducing off-target stimulation in two-photon optogenetics.
8660h agoThe brain prioritises valuable experiences for learning by using hippocampal "ripple" events and coordination with the lateral frontopolar cortex to update high-value, unvisited options first.
8660h agoThe influence of persistent inward currents on motor neuron discharge behaviour changes throughout the day, with a greater effect in the late afternoon than in the early morning.
8660h agoThe CA2 region of the hippocampus shows a short-term inflammatory response and limited neuronal death after status epilepticus, with microglial responses potentially protecting it from sustained inflammation and damage.
8660h agoGalvanic vestibular stimulation alters the perception of one's own upright body orientation in relation to gravity, particularly with right-sided anodal stimulation.
8664h agoThe default mode network and language network in the brain switch between active tasks and brief resting states, with the default mode network's activity changing depending on the task complexity.
8664h agoThe connectome of a fruit fly reveals a neural control system that is distributed, parallelized, and tightly connected to effectors, with local sensory cells influencing effector cells through local feedback loops and long-range circuits.
8664h agoIncreased oxygen concentration influences intrinsic neural activity in distinct patterns across brain regions, with heightened activation during inhalation, an undershoot after withdrawal, and reactivation without continued oxygen.
8664h agoThe brain's activity patterns are governed by intrinsic mechanisms that control the evolving population activity through a high-dimensional vector field, which is shaped by neural connections and membrane capacitance.
8664h agoNotch3 signaling levels control quiescence and stemness in neural stem cells, and are regulated by interactions with ligands deltaA and jagged1b.
8664h agoPsychological trauma causes fear memory in mice by forming new connections between visual, auditory, and prefrontal cortices and strengthening existing ones, and this process requires KiF1a-mediated intracellular transportation in the medial prefrontal cortex.
8668h agoThis study uses a large language model and EEG data to simulate how the brain's metabolic activity changes when forming sentences, and finds that adding random variance helps the model reflect real biological variability.
8668h agoPrenatal stress prevents disruptions to inhibitory neurons in the amygdala caused by adolescent stress, which may help protect against changes in social behavior.
8668h agoBOLD variability increases in primary sensory-sensorimotor and proto-DMN regions during early development, accompanied by changes in cortical microstructure and gene expression.
8668h agoEstrogen receptor beta on dopamine neurons in the brain drives nicotine use in females by regulating neuron excitability and nicotine self-administration.
8668h agoAeon, an open-source platform, enables continuous study of natural behaviours in multiple mice and simultaneous brain activity recording, allowing researchers to link neural circuit activity to adaptive behaviours.
8668h agoADGRL3 modulates dopamine release in complex ways through different pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, affecting dopamine-related behaviors and potentially contributing to ADHD risk.
8668h agoConfidence and surprise are linked to specific brain areas, and their distribution across the brain is partly explained by the density of receptors and transporters.
8668h agoHumans remember experiences unevenly, recalling central ideas better than details, and a new model proposes that this happens because the brain uniformly samples information over time, prioritizing moments that have the most connection to the rest of the experience.
8668h agoPredictive routing explains how the brain processes visual information, with different brain wave frequencies conveying prediction errors and temporal prediction errors during a visual task.
8668h agoThe axon initial segment, a region where action potentials are initiated, can rapidly reorganize within minutes in response to high activity, and astrocytes release a calcium-binding protein called S100{beta} that is required for this reorganization.
8668h agoBroca's area superficial white matter connections support language in a bilaterally distributed manner, and are associated with language performance in both adolescents and adults.
8668h agoNeurons in the dorsal horn, previously thought to be itch-specific, actually consist of distinct subtypes that mediate either itch or mechanical pain through different expressions of the Tachykinin-1 gene.
8668h agoPeople with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have elevated levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in their blood and neuronal extracellular vesicles, which are linked to abnormal brain lactate levels and developmental stress and trauma.
8672h agoBetter sleep health is associated with larger hippocampal volumes, especially in the anterior subfields, and enhanced cognitive performance in healthy young adults.
8672h agoParkinson's disease involves a link between cortical atrophy in certain brain areas and abnormal brain activity, which could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment strategies.
8672h agoBrain inflammation leads to iron accumulation in the brain parenchyma through a novel mechanism involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the brain microvasculature (BMV) that are enriched with iron.
8672h agoThe power-law scaling in neural activity data can emerge from heterogeneous, non-interacting units with spatially structured activity, without requiring critical interactions.
8676h agoA novel distance metric, the Alpha-Z Bures-Wasserstein divergence, improves identification rates of individuals from functional connectomes, outperforming traditional and state-of-the-art methods across multiple task conditions and spatial resolutions.
8676h agoBrain anatomy and dynamics have a complex network structure that plays a key role in both brain function and dysfunction.
8676h agoNeuroAR, a novel brain aging simulation model, synthesizes the aging brain with high fidelity by predicting future structural evolution from an earlier MRI scan.
8676h agoBrain tumor-induced disruptions in neural dynamics before surgery predict postoperative working memory decline, and presurgical brain scans can accurately forecast this decline.
8676h agoA new framework accurately segments neuronal topology in large-scale neuroimaging data by using a deep network and novel evaluation metric, reducing errors in neuron reconstruction.
8676h agoMixed Reality technology needs to incorporate multi-modal data streams and multi-agent interaction capabilities to enable truly meaningful social experiences.
8676h agoLarge Language Models' ability to retrieve information declines as interference from previous information accumulates, with errors often caused by retrieving previously overwritten values.
8676h agoThe small Raman effect stabilizes the profile of dispersive shock waves in optical fibers during long-distance propagation of optical pulses.
8676h agoThe mKdV equation hierarchy is integrated using algebraic geometry methods, resulting in a generic form of finite-gap solutions expressed in terms of generalized Weierstrass functions.
8676h agoCortical activity in the brain exhibits features consistent with turbulent wave systems involving both single and dual cascades and a mixture of 3- and 4-wave interactions.
8676h agoNetworks of physical interactions between molecules contribute to information processing inside cells, particularly through biomolecular condensation, which can perform complex computations.
8676h agoODR-BINDy, a novel method for model discovery, consistently outperforms existing methods in recovering the correct model from sparse and noisy datasets.
8676h agoZonal jets in turbulent flows have sharp interfaces with heavy-tailed distributions of fluctuation speeds and exhibit scale invariance, complex statistics, and fractal nature.
8676h agoThe Koopman operator's spectrum has a multiplicative lattice structure for discrete-time dynamical systems, but not necessarily for discrete-time stochastic processes.
8676h agoSubharmonic entrainment occurs when a locking oscillator synchronizes with a fraction of an external periodic signal frequency, and researchers have now identified a vectorial form of this phenomenon where weak external signals can entrain internal laser dynamics through vectorial coupling.
8676h agoUsing spin interactions proportional to the signs of spins, rather than their continuous amplitudes, is the most effective approach to solving Boolean Satisfiability problems with analog Ising machines.
8676h agoDegenerate solitons in the coupled Hirota system exhibit time-dependent velocities and their relative distance increases logarithmically with a higher-order perturbation parameter.
8676h agoThe correlation functions of open quantum spin 1/2 chains with unparallel magnetic fields on the edges are derived for XXZ spin 1/2 chains using the quantum Separation of Variables framework.
8676h agoThe spectrum and eigenstates of the XXZ spin-1/2 open chain can be characterized using the Separation of Variables framework when boundary fields are related by a constraint.
8676h agoSocial interactions influence people's opinions, and a model where opinion updates depend on the weighted median of interacting individuals' opinions shows that the final opinion distribution depends on the network structure.
8676h agoFinite R-matrices are constructed for the first fundamental representation of two-parameter quantum groups for classical Lie algebras, using decomposition into irreducible submodules and evaluation of the universal R-matrix.
8676h agoThe nonlinear Li\'enard equation can be derived from a more general equation, mapped to the harmonic oscillator, and exhibits a bi-Hamiltonian character with two distinct types of Hamiltonians that can be quantized to explore bound states.
8676h agoThe equation $\ddot{x} - (1/2x) \dot{x}^2 +2 \omega^2 x -1/8x =0$ has an infinite number of equispaced energy levels in its quantum spectrum.
8676h agoMETAFORS, a new forecasting method, enables accurate predictions of dynamical systems from limited time-series data by generalizing knowledge across related systems.
8676h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model shows a complex pattern of entanglement and non-stabilizer resources in its chaotic four-body interactions, but not in its integrable two-body interactions.
8676h agoDisordered 2D materials can host stable metallic and semimetallic phases, similar to their 3D counterparts, when constructed using a special method that reduces their dimensionality.
8676h agoDynamical freezing, a mechanism that breaks down thermalization in driven systems, is observed experimentally and used to enhance quantum sensing in an ensemble of interacting nitrogen-vacancy spins in diamond.
8676h agoPost-selected random proximity measurements induce random spatial localization of particles in a quantum fluid, while preserving macroscopic homogeneity.
8676h agoNetworks of physical interactions between molecules contribute to information processing inside cells, particularly through biomolecular condensation, which can perform complex computations.
8676h agoLocal quantum measurements can reveal global properties of an unknown quantum network, such as average degree, hub density, and number of closed paths.
8676h agoProjected topological branes, constructed from square lattice-based models, encode key signatures of topological phases, including robust zero-energy modes and quantized local topological markers, despite lacking the original lattice's symmetry.
8676h agoThe study finds that the dynamic critical exponent of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model with random cubic anisotropy is around 2.3-2.5.
8676h agoA novel training scheme accurately predicts optimal protein folds in lattice protein models by using masking and Dilated Recurrent Neural Networks.
8676h agoThe statistics of the top eigenpair of diluted covariance matrices can be computed using the replica method, yielding a set of recursive distributional equations that allow for efficient evaluation of the density of the top eigenvector's components.
8676h agoThe Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model's ground state has a Majorana spectrum that follows a Gaussian distribution, which is different from the exponential Laplace distribution of the non-chaotic SYK2 model.
8676h agoA novel "synaptic field theory" describes the training dynamics of synaptic weights and biases in deep learning by treating them as fields and their indices as spatial coordinates.
8676h agoCytoplasmic TDP-43 disrupts neuronal signaling and behavior early in disease progression, causing impaired serotonin-dependent behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans models.
8676h agoThe lateral hypothalamus contains a conserved neural population that expresses specific receptors and helps regulate appetite in response to hunger, food cues, and metabolic hormones.
8680h agoSOX2-mediated reprogramming of NG2 glia improves bladder function in spinal cord injury by inducing adult neurogenesis, reducing glial scarring, and promoting urinary performance.
8680h agoA modular framework of recurrent neural networks enables robust transfer and resilience to noise in embodied AI by learning stable yet flexible representations.
8680h agoThe Vglut3-IRES-Cre mouse line specifically labels C-LTMR neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, which have mechanically activated ion channels that respond to force.
8680h agoThe cerebral microvasculature has a built-in system that helps maintain blood flow to the brain even when some capillaries stall or are damaged, by having a mix of capillary types with different flow patterns.
8680h agoThe action potential is a coupled electro-thermodynamic process that actively enhances its own strength and reliability by using entropy generated by the electrical signal to accelerate its kinetics.
8680h agoCortical and sensory inputs activate distinct components of the brainstem masticatory circuitry, with the parvocellular reticular formation (PCRt) being a point of convergence.
8680h agoDevelopmental exposure to the flame retardant PBDE disrupts social behavior and oxytocin signaling in mice, but this disruption can be prevented with thyroid hormone supplementation.
8680h agoPreparatory brain activity increases with postural complexity during step initiation, with diagonal stepping showing greater brain activity in areas responsible for attention and motor control than straight stepping.
8680h agoPhysMAP, a new framework, uses multiple electrophysiological modalities to identify cell types and understand how they interact to drive circuit dynamics.
8680h agoObesogenic diets and psychosocial stress have specific effects on brain regions, with diet effects being transient and stress effects being long-term and persistent.
8680h agoThe structure of the brain, specifically its geometry, helps explain how brain function works, and geometric eigenmodes can reconstruct the spread of a seizure through the brain better than other approaches.
8684h agoSaccades impair spatial memory but not colour memory, and specific failures in initial encoding and memory decay, rather than the saccadic updating process, account for spatial working memory deficits in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
8684h agoTau protein disrupts the normal firing of dopamine neurons, leading to hyperexcitable states and impaired burst firing, which could contribute to psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.
8684h agoHigh-resolution fMRI with spin echo (SE) sequence provides slightly better spatial specificity than gradient echo (GE) sequence, but both techniques show decreased specificity towards the pial surface due to macrovascular contributions.
8684h agoThe respiratory phase causally influences the neural preparation for voluntary movement, with the brain optimizing voluntary action execution during phases when breathing-related motor activity is minimal.
8684h agoFamiliar and personally meaningful music activates a network of brain regions, including the superior temporal gyrus, supplementary motor area, amygdala, and cerebellum, to represent different emotions.
8684h agoThe neural circuits that integrate emotional and cognitive evaluations mature with age, refining moral decision-making from intuitive childhood judgments to context-sensitive adult decisions.
8684h agoThe CD33 gene, involved in the immune system, interacts with the CD45 gene and this interaction contributes to Alzheimer's disease susceptibility and impaired clearance of amyloid beta.
8684h agoNon-coding variants in CD33 alter risk for Alzheimer's disease by changing how the CD33 receptor interacts with other proteins, leading to downregulated protective microglial functions.
8684h agoSlow dynamics naturally emerges in balanced networks of spiking neurons with partial symmetry in synaptic connectivity, leading to long-lived fluctuations and multiple equilibrium states.
8684h agoThe brain uses visual and somatosensory cues to determine arm position for motor planning and control, with the visual cues having a strong influence on the perceived position, especially in certain directions.
8684h agoThe superior colliculus has five types of neurons with different properties, and fragile X syndrome changes the proportions and properties of these neuron types.
8684h agoIncreasing balance demands boosts the processing of sensory input from the foot and activates more sensorimotor regions in the brain.
8684h agoTonic motor neurons can reinnervate fully denervated muscles and form new connections when neighboring muscles are deprived of their normal inputs.
8684h agoInfants as young as one month old show different brain responses to various auditory stimuli, and these responses vary between infants from different populations.
8684h agoChemerin-CMKLR1 signaling regulates mitochondrial function, autophagy, and oxidative stress in a cell-type-specific way in microglia and neurons during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
8684h agoA new pipeline called LUPE helps analyze opioid withdrawal behaviors in mice by accurately detecting some behaviors, such as grooming and rearing, and provides a foundation for standardized behavior quantification.
8684h agoSleep stage affects fNIRS-measured brain responses to auditory stimuli differently in one-month-old infants from different populations.
8684h agoA partner representation influences involuntary visuomotor feedback responses during cooperative tasks, enabling people to rapidly coordinate actions with others.
8684h agoNon-pharmacological interventions in older adults strengthen brain networks and preserve brain organization, with the dorsal attention network playing a key role in maintaining brain function and improving global cognition.
8684h agoObservers predict action targets mainly through kinematic cues, not visual patterns, as prediction performance improves with more kinematic information and differs between target size choices.
8684h agoA novel imaging chamber made of titanium allows for long-term optical recordings from the marmoset cerebral cortex with high optical quality over months.
8684h agoAuditory cortex neurons project to different visual cortical areas, broadcasting distinct auditory information, with sound frequency information sent broadly and sound location information sent selectively to areas matching their spatial processing specialisations.
8684h agoA tri-culture system of human neurons, astrocytes, and microglia reveals that microglia activate astrocytes through the TLR4 receptor during neuroinflammation, leading to increased neuronal excitability.
8684h agoA neural mass model of the marmoset auditory and pre-frontal cortex shows that simulated response delays to deviant stimuli are comparable to experimental measurements, with auditory areas responding in 136 ms and pre-frontal areas in 139-174 ms.
8684h agoPrimed MSC secretome improves structural and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury by enhancing neurotrophic factor secretion and promoting axonal regeneration and myelination.
8684h agoThe diversity of excitatory synapses in the brain is spatially organised along the dendritic tree of individual neurons, and this organisation emerges from a minimal set of cell biological processes including protein synthesis, trafficking, and local regulation.
8684h agoPathogenic KCNQ2 variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (KCNQ2-DEE) by enhancing Ca2+-activated small conductance potassium (SK) channels, leading to irregular spike timing and enhanced bursting in neurons.
8684h agoPsilocybin prolongs blood flow responses in the brain without changing neural activity, which can lead to incorrect conclusions about brain connectivity when using certain imaging methods.
8684h agoThe complex interplay of membrane currents in the dendritic tree drives neuronal activity, and a new method can measure and visualize how these currents contribute to the neuronal output.
8684h agoHDAC inhibitors, particularly those targeting HDAC-6, protect photoreceptors from degeneration in a mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
8688h agoDSCAM overproduction contributes to impaired neuronal development, reduced neural connectivity, and intellectual disability in Down syndrome.
8688h agoMale flies integrate sensory cues from song and taste in different ways depending on the social situation, using a linear combination for overall social interactions, song alone for aggression, and a nonlinear combination of song and female taste for courtship.
8688h agoSleep restriction affects younger and older adults differently, with older adults showing resilience and younger adults suffering from negative impacts on brain network responses and cognitive ability.
8688h agoFunctional connectivity increases with epilepsy duration and with exposure to interictal spikes in children with Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes.
8688h agoHigh-molecular-mass hyaluronan does not protect against age-related hearing loss in mice engineered to produce it, suggesting its protective effects work through a different pathway than those of calorie restriction.
8688h agoAcute stress makes athletes more accepting of unfair decisions, and this is linked to changes in brain activity in areas responsible for decision-making and emotion processing.
8688h agoHyperphosphorylated tau disrupts normal metabolic states and excitatory tone by preserving glucose tolerance, altering fuel utilization, and shifting the excitatory/inhibitory balance towards increased glutamatergic activity.
8688h agoAcute restraint stress after training impairs the retention of aversive memories in rats by altering neurochemical signalling, specifically disrupting the normal activity of proteins C-fos and Zif268 in the brain.
8688h agoScientists have developed a protocol to prepare viable human spinal cord slices for acute electrophysiological recordings, bridging the gap between animal research and human treatments.
8688h agoABCA7 regulates Glu-GABA neurotransmission and protects against neurotoxicity by reducing glutamatergic transmission and promoting neurotransmitter degradation.
8688h agoNeuromodulators improve sensory processing in spiking neural networks by decreasing reaction times and enabling rapid dynamic gain control, leading to better performance in challenging tasks like speech recognition in noise.
8688h agoKetamine's pain-relieving and dissociative effects are independent and are caused by different brain mechanisms.
8688h agoHumanized rats with a replaced transferrin receptor 1 axis can functionally express human proteins, but show varying degrees of iron regulation abnormalities depending on the gene dosage.
8688h agoRepetitive mild traumatic brain injury causes cumulative effects on consciousness and leads to progressive olfactory impairment, with sex-dependent microglial activation in brain regions such as the corpus callosum and neocortex.
8688h agoCD206+ meningeal macrophages prevent the spread of pain hypersensitivity after a minor injury in male rats, but not in female rats.
8688h agoExpressing the LRIT3 gene in rods or cones of mice with a form of congenital stationary night blindness restores or improves retinal function and visual acuity.
8688h agoActivation of brain Retinoid X Receptors enhances cognition and facilitates amyloid-beta clearance in Alzheimer's disease by upregulating Apolipoprotein E and modulating multiple cellular responses in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells.
8688h agoAntibiotics disrupt spatial cognition in mice by altering brain metabolism and blood-brain barrier integrity, but butyrate supplementation can preserve cognitive function.
8688h agoSounds presented during sleep improve recall of weakly encoded spatial memories, but adding odors linked to remembering or forgetting disrupts this improvement.
8688h agoAdolescents show age-related changes in brain chemicals, with older adolescents having higher levels of certain chemicals and lower levels of others, and more alcohol use is associated with lower levels of a brain chemical linked to healthy brain function.
8688h agoBrain activity for remembering is not a single general process, but rather a combination of different processes that are shared across tasks.
8688h agoNeuromodulators like norepinephrine influence breathing by modulating properties of different types of neurons in the preBotzinger complex, allowing for both robust and flexible control of breathing.
8688h agoAlzheimer's disease causes dopamine neurons in the brain to receive stronger excitatory inputs, which can lead to increased firing and altered dopamine signaling.
8688h agoLearning and effort-based decision-making interact to motivate behaviour, with people's willingness to exert effort influenced by their individual learning and subjective beliefs, and disruptions in this process linked to motivational difficulties.
8688h agoA novel AI-assisted framework accurately predicts engagement and cognitive outcomes in older adults during cognitive training by assessing attentional resources through facial expressions and heart rate variability.
8696h agoGrid cells in the brain form a map of the world by associating internal position estimates with external cues, and their representations evolve over time as mice learn to navigate in new spaces.
8696h agoThe atypical adhesion GPCR ADGRA1 is essential for hippocampal inhibitory synaptic function, particularly in PV and SST interneurons, and its deletion impairs learning and memory.
8696h agoThe superior colliculus encodes the transition from static to dynamic vision, and distinct neural responses occur in the brain when visual stimulation changes from low to high frequency.
8696h agoChronic stress causes sex-specific changes in behavior and mitochondrial function in the brain and adrenal glands, with females showing decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased vulnerability to stress-induced dysfunction.
8696h agoThe triplication of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21 contributes to developmental and Alzheimer's disease-related changes in Down Syndrome.
8696h agoPerceptual comparison of similar visual dimensions can induce memory distortions, with visual dimensions more prone to distortion than semantic dimensions.
8700h agoLearned feature representations in computational models can be biased to over-represent certain features and under-represent others, posing challenges for understanding a system through representational analysis.
8700h agoDepression and suicidality alter brain activity in response to emotional content, with affected individuals showing earlier, stronger, and longer-lasting neural responses.
8700h agoPerception starts with probabilistic threshold crossings shaped by photon arrival statistics and biological variability, not with deterministic transduction, when light interacts with the retina.
8700h agoA biologically inspired model of spiking neurons based on a damped, driven pendulum captures richer temporal features and supports timing-sensitive computations for sequence processing and symbolic learning.
8700h agoThe human brain shows stronger activation in the medial prefrontal cortex when interacting with human opponents than with artificial intelligence agents during social interactions.
8700h agoA novel computational framework called HOI-Brain uses signed higher-order interactions in fMRI data to accurately diagnose brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism spectrum disorder.
8700h agoInput reconstruction in echo state networks can be achieved through unsupervised learning, without needing target outputs, if the network parameters are known and meet certain conditions.
8700h agoMost neurons perform simple computations based on individual inputs, not on complex interactions between inputs.
8700h agoA non-commutative formal geometry underlies a class of discrete integrable systems, including a non-commutative analog of the sixth q-Painleve equation.
8700h agoA new methodology uses entropy and a clustering algorithm to analyze chaotic itinerancy in dynamical systems, identifying systems likely to experience chaotic itinerancy and characterizing its dynamics.
8700h agoThe analytic solution for a shock wave profile in a nonlinear lossy transmission line is obtained, along with the charge and current functions of time and space.
8700h agoHigher-order interactions enhance ecosystem stability and prevent collapse, and also help explain the emergence of biodiversity and species abundance distribution patterns in ecological communities.
8700h agoThe combination of canonical conservation law and nonlocal cosymmetry construction derives a collection of nonlocal conservation laws for the two-dimensional Euler equation in vorticity form.
8700h agoThe solution to the (3,4) string equation has an asymptotic expansion that is topological in nature in a certain parameter regime.
8700h agoThe Schrödinger equation describes the average behavior of solitons, which behave classically on a zero background but exhibit fluctuating momentum and position on a chaotic background, giving rise to quantum phenomena.
8700h agoQuasi-periodic solutions to the sine-Gordon equation are expressed in terms of $\wp_{1,2g-1}$-function with fully specified reality conditions.
8700h agoHigher-order interactions in a system of coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators cause solitary states to emerge during the transition between synchronous and asynchronous states.
8700h agoThe study explores a family of effective models, identifying equivalent models and constructing analytic monopole solutions with complex energy density profiles and hollow cavities at their core.
8700h agoThe action-angle variables for the inhomogeneous six-vertex model's Hamiltonian flow are computed, confirming its integrability.
8700h agoSocial interactions lead to consensus or opinion fragmentation, and a study finds that opinion updates based on the weighted median opinion of interacting individuals result in different opinion distributions depending on the social network structure.
8700h agoThe Ising-type model has an L-operator that can be used to conclude it is exactly solvable and it exhibits dependencies on nearest neighbor interactions in its Poisson structure.
8700h agoInput reconstruction in echo state networks can be achieved through unsupervised learning, without needing target outputs, if the network parameters are known and meet certain conditions.
8700h agoTurbulence in the auroral ionosphere stems from field-aligned electrical currents and is governed by the flux of precipitating particles, not from local instabilities.
8700h agoDetecting a shared signal between two high-dimensional variables can be done by analyzing sample correlations, and joint and cross covariance matrices are better at reconstructing the signal than individual self covariance matrices.
8700h agoDisordered stealthy hyperuniform layered media show no evidence of Anderson localization of electromagnetic waves or deviations from transparency for a continuous band of frequencies.
8700h agoThe CLuP±Hop algorithm efficiently approximates the ground state free energies of positive and negative Hopfield models, achieving values close to the theoretical limits for problems of relatively small size.
8700h agoA vectorial extension of the Hopfield associative memory model exhibits energy landscapes with deep minima for stored patterns, anisotropic correlations, and order-disorder transitions, with an enhanced memory capacity compared to binary networks.
8700h agoQuantum generative adversarial networks generate synthetic financial time series that match the target distribution and show desired temporal correlations.
8700h agoKrylov complexity phase transitions coincide with classical percolation transitions in non-interacting systems but separate from them in interacting systems due to complex quantum many-body effects.
8700h agoStates with maximal complexity mark the border between the most quantum and most classical limits in n-qubit systems and also mark the cross-over or transition point between integrability and full quantum chaos in many-body systems.
8700h agoA simple random matrix model reproduces key features of impurity charge distribution, showing a crossover from a Gaussian to a bimodal distribution as hybridization decreases.
8700h agoGeometrically frustrated clusters with decorations show robust frustration effects even with some ferromagnetic impurities, but the threshold for this to occur depends on cluster connectivity.
8700h agoGenuine multipartite entanglement approaches its maximum value in the ergodic phase of a disordered quantum spin model, but vanishes in the many-body localized phase.
8700h agoAdding small dielectric coupling to a surrounding random medium causes asymptotic localization of the nonlinear field in 1D nonlinear Schrödinger lattices with random potential.
8700h agoThe expectation values of local observables in disordered quantum many-body systems are distributed in a way that reflects the distribution of the onsite disorder, which can mimic non-ergodicity and obscure adherence to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
8700h agoThe motion of dopants in magnetic spin lattices is localized at nonzero temperatures due to an emergent disordered potential, but delocalizes with a power-law behavior when spin-exchange processes are present.
8700h agoPeriodic structured illumination with pseudo-HiLo image reconstruction reduces signal contamination from out-of-focus cells during in vivo voltage imaging.
8704h agoThe human lateral prefrontal cortex has a finely organized architecture with distinct networks that support different processes, including domain-specific and domain-general functions.
8704h agoBody size estimation engages a network of brain regions including visual, motor, and parietal areas, and the superior parietal lobule is associated with individual differences in accuracy of estimating body part sizes.
8704h agoVisual short-term memory and chronic stress levels predict how people choose to use cognitive effort when rewards and task demands change, with visual short-term memory influencing choices for higher rewards and chronic stress and personal preferences affecting the amount of effort used for a steady reward.
8704h agoHippocampal replay events cause a rise in ventral striatal dopamine, which supports offline learning in the mammalian brain.
8704h agoAlpha/beta power reductions directly reflect eye movements, not memory formation, and are modulated by the degree of visual exploration.
8708h agoHand shaping during grasping reflects two separate neural pathways, one responding to the location of an object and the other to its size and shape.
8708h agoPeople with low vision are just as effective as those with normal vision in learning and recalling deliberate motor corrections through practice and feedback.
8708h agoMosquitoes detect carbon dioxide through a neural circuit that uses recurrent connections between sensory neurons to amplify the signal and make it more robust.
8708h agoThe SORL1 p.Y1816C variant impairs SORLA maturation, disrupts endosomal trafficking, and leads to abnormal neuronal function, including impaired axonal transport, increased amyloid-beta secretion, and abnormal electrophysiological activity.
8708h agoMeCP2 regulates depression-like symptoms in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain region for emotional and stress processing, by modulating gene expression in a cell type-specific manner.
8712h agoBlocking D2 dopamine receptors treats schizophrenia but patient responses vary, so a new mouse model combining immune activation and cannabis exposure shows reduced Reelin levels, a potential biomarker, and brain changes that mimic symptoms.
8712h agoThe NanoString Neuropathology panel produces unreliable data for measuring gene expression in mouse hippocampal tissue.
8712h agoThe organization of cells in the hippocampus reflects its role in regulating mood and cognition, according to a gene expression map created for the human hippocampus.
8716h agoDifferences in decision-making influence dopamine dynamics in the brain and are linked to confidence in choices and the value placed on past and future options, leading to changes in decisions.
8716h agoThe brain's long-range temporal correlations impose a measurable metabolic cost, with brains showing higher correlations incurring greater energetic demands for glucose metabolism and continuous biosynthetic processes.
8716h agoNorepinephrine stimulates protein synthesis in astrocytes by activating the mTOR-pS6K pathway, mainly through β-adrenergic receptors, and this process is linked to a decrease in astrocytic ATP levels and dependent on glycolysis.
8716h agoStroke survivors' upper limbs are constrained to spinal synergies suited to primitive locomotor functions after losing descending input, leading to the flexor synergy.
8716h agoA new method for growing human brain cells in a lab produces mature brain cells that mimic Parkinson's disease, allowing for investigation of disease mechanisms and testing of potential therapies.
8716h agoNeurofibromin mutations affect multiple signaling pathways, including MEK and Akt, which differentially influence metabolic and behavioral symptoms of neurofibromatosis type 1.
8716h agoUBR-1 regulates glutamate homeostasis through a signaling axis with GLN-3 and GOT-2.2, and this process is required for efficient locomotion and organismal viability.
8716h agoThe brain uses a predictive model to reduce the intensity of tactile sensations when touching oneself, and this prediction is associated with changes in neural activity in the beta band and increased connectivity between the cerebellum and somatosensory areas.
8716h agoThe basal ganglia's direct and indirect pathways have opposite effects on specific neurons in the cortex that are involved in decision-making, rather than on overall cortical activity.
8716h agoHippocampal outputs are routed to specific cortical targets and dynamically regulated across brain states through a multilayer architecture involving slow oscillations, spindles, and ripple coordination.
8716h agoThe Onecut transcription factors regulate a non-cell autonomous mechanism that controls the development of pre-motor interneurons in spinal motor circuits by producing Neurotrophin-3.
8716h agoPeople's mental representation of numbers is linked to space, with small numbers associated with the left side and large numbers with the right side, and this association may be a universal, innate ability.
8716h agoSample size should be incorporated into methods to correct for multiple comparisons in fMRI analysis to provide accurate thresholds and reduce type II error.
8720h agoAstrocytic glutamate-permeable VRACs are primarily composed of LRRC8A and LRRC8C, with LRRC8A being essential and LRRC8B possibly playing a structural role.
8720h agoA novel oscillatory network model simulates simultaneous EEG-fMRI data by modelling brain regions with low and high frequency oscillators, successfully replicating empirical functional connectivity and modularity across different spatiotemporal scales.
8720h agoMales and females exhibit different patterns of coupling between brain structure and function, with males showing stronger positive coupling in some brain regions and females showing stronger coupling in others.
8720h agoHigh-achieving students show different neurophysiological responses during deliberate silence and forced silence in class, and exhibit heightened engagement during lectures.
8724h agoNeural processing mechanisms underlying mathematical cognition are fundamentally similar between genders, with dynamic brain activation patterns showing 89.1% similarity and individual variation exceeding group differences.
8724h agoHuman visual and linguistic similarity judgements are based on a shared representational structure that reflects the relational properties of the external world.
8724h agoThe Engram Neural Network, a novel recurrent architecture inspired by biological neural systems, improves transparency and interpretability by explicitly modeling memory formation and recall, and achieves comparable accuracy and generalization performance to classical RNN architectures.
8724h agoThe HOI-Brain framework uses higher-order interactions in brain regions to accurately diagnose brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism.
8724h agoThe solution method for the Chen--Lee--Liu system is presented by solving the inverse scattering problem with a system of linear integral equations, using a data set of transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, and bound-state information to recover the potentials.
8724h agoQuantum droplets formed from Bose-Einstein condensed atoms can have traveling matter waves that propagate within them and interact with their boundaries.
8724h agoThe construction of linear and quadratic Darboux matrices generates non-Abelian integrable models, including Volterra-type equations and two-component systems such as the Ablowitz-Ladik and relativistic Toda equations.
8724h agoNetworks of coupled phase oscillators exhibit partially synchronized dynamic patterns, and statistical equilibrium relations can be derived to express how individual oscillator behavior depends on internal parameters and interaction functions.
8724h agoNetworks of phase oscillators with higher-order coupling can serve as dense associative memories, supporting bistable phase-locked states and robust storage of many phase patterns with superlinear scaling of memory capacity.
8724h agoHigh stress levels are found in the source area of the 17th-century Hokkaido megaquake, while low stress levels are found in the source area of the 2011 Tohoku megaquake.
8724h agoPhysical reservoir computing can be used to control and embed multiple behaviors into a soft robot, creating a multistable dynamical system that converges to different attractors.
8724h agoPolymeric turbulence has a self-similar energy spectrum that scales as $k^{-2.3}$, which is caused by a constant depletion rate of fluid energy by polymers across a wide range of scales.
8724h agoA two-component reaction-diffusion system exhibits bi-stability with two stable stationary background states that can be connected by stationary and travelling front solutions with a non-uniform speed.
8724h agoCalogero-Moser Pairs are useful in the study of Exceptional Hermite Polynomials, and a novel formula and theorem have been developed using this approach.
8724h agoThe transfer matrix eigenstates of the open XYZ spin chain with boundary fields can be obtained using a new Separation of Variables approach, allowing for the computation of scalar products as determinants that can be transformed into a more convenient form under certain boundary parameter constraints.
8724h agoBell nonlocality in many-body three-level systems is linked to integrable behavior, as measurement settings yielding maximal nonlocality result in a spectrum with Poissonian level statistics.
8724h agoLattice anomalies are topological invariants of symmetry actions that have distinct properties, including some that differ from expected quantum field theory anomalies, and have connections to commuting projector models, phases of many-body localized systems, and quantum cellular automata.
8724h agoA quantum neural network implemented on quantum computers classifies MNIST images better than a classical neural network, especially for borderline cases, by introducing quantum uncertainty into measurements.
8724h agoA theoretical model explains the weak decaying collective excitations in many-particle systems with long-range interaction potentials, reproducing dynamic structure factor spectra and dispersion characteristics in agreement with molecular dynamics simulation data.
8724h agoThermal cycling between room and cryogenic temperatures causes irreversible changes in electronic properties of 2D materials transferred onto patterned substrates.
8724h agoNetworks of phase oscillators with higher-order coupling can serve as dense associative memories, supporting bistable phase-locked states and robust storage of many phase patterns with superlinear scaling of memory capacity.
8724h agoDisorder in quantum spin chains with power-law-distributed random fields prevents conventional transport with a dynamical exponent less than 1/α.
8724h agoThe D-Wave 3D annealer finds exact ground states of 3D spin glasses with efficiency that scales as $2^{N/ \beta}$, where $\beta$ is approximately $10^3$.
8724h agoA solid transparent medium with randomly positioned impurity atoms can allow observation of Anderson localization of light in three dimensions if it has a sufficiently high number density of impurities.
8724h agoThe coherent cellular dynamical mean-field theory (C-CDMFT) algorithm combines nonlocal electronic correlations and disorder to study electron systems.
8724h agoAsymmetric molecular mechanisms in a pair of olfactory neurons drive symmetric response plasticity, allowing the nematode worm to change its behavior in response to different odors.
8728h agoModulating parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the dentate gyrus regulates the balance between sensitivity to subtle input differences and consistency to preserve stable memory representations.
8736h agoThe medial and caudal ganglionic eminences generate different types of interneurons based on their spatial origins, and specific interneuron subtypes preferentially arise from distinct subdomains within the caudal ganglionic eminence.
8736h agoLoss of SORL1 expression changes synaptic protein interactions, leads to hyperactive neurons driven by glutamatergic neurotransmission, and impairs synaptic plasticity.
8736h agoLogical reasoning does not rely on language, instead using other brain systems, and people with severe language impairments can still perform logical tasks.
8736h agoA smartwatch app that uses slow wave entrainment improves sleep quality, increases slow wave and delta power, and boosts mood and cognition in people with sleep problems.
8736h agoMutations in the chd7 gene cause most cases of CHARGE syndrome, and loss of chd7 disrupts multiple biological pathways, leading to physical and behavioral characteristics of the disorder.
8736h agoWorking memory changes visual processing by modulating oscillatory power and precise frequency of oscillations within visual areas, and the frequency of lower frequency components correlates with visually-evoked firing rates of neurons.
8736h agoThe brain represents social gaze interactions by breaking them down into basic components and combining them in specific ways, using a neural system that allows for generalization and minimizes interference.
8736h agoSerotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus signal reward history over a timescale of around a hundred trials, influencing an animal's behaviour in a dynamic Pavlovian task.
8736h agoFace-selective neural activity is distributed across the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, with a right-hemispheric dominance, and occurs largely concurrently across all regions, challenging the standard hierarchical view of visual object recognition.
8736h agoThe nervous system maintains its circuit integrity during growth by preserving synaptic density and relative connectivity, achieved through structural plasticity that adjusts axonal and dendritic density to compensate for unequal growth.
8736h agoInfants and young children show specialised brain responses to social visual and auditory stimuli, with distinct patterns of brain activation emerging across different age points from 5 months to 3-5 years.
8736h agoCardiac-innervating neurons have a multipolar structure and are larger in size compared to neurons that innervate the forelimb skin.
8740h agoMemory, attention, and visual processing interact during hybrid search, with specific neural signatures supporting the process, including changes in alpha-band power, beta-band activity, and evoked responses.
8740h agoPhysical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, enhances motor learning by inducing neurophysiological changes, and most studies on this topic focus on healthy populations, use high-intensity exercise, and measure motor learning in the short-term.
8740h agoPsilocybin induces neural plasticity and alters consciousness, and its effects are maintained even when co-administered with midazolam, with EEG measures capturing aspects of the subjective experience.
8740h agoWasteosomes accumulate in areas of white matter damage and are related to impaired glymphatic drainage, vascular problems, and severity of white matter injury.
8740h agoChanges in the excitability of cells, not changes in synaptic weights, can explain representational drift, a phenomenon where neurons' responses change over time while perception and behavior remain unchanged.
8740h agoActivation of D1-MSNs suppresses high-fat food intake, while activation of D2-MSNs enhances it, and their opposing contributions play a key role in regulating hedonic feeding.
8740h agoMice have an innate ability to judge food amounts, which depends on activity in the Posterior Parietal Cortex, and is linked to synchronous firing of neurons in this area.
8740h agoThe Realtime and Remote FED3 (RTFED) system allows for continuous and online home-cage monitoring of mice, logging and transmitting feeding events and operant behaviours in real-time, while also enabling customizable data collection and reducing animal disturbance.
8740h agoEndothelial dysfunction in brain blood vessels contributes to cognitive impairment in aging by damaging blood vessel function, increasing tau phosphorylation, decreasing myelination, and reducing capillary density.
8740h agoInternal model function is preserved in healthy aging for everyday tasks, but it is shaped by different compensatory mechanisms.
8740h agoLoss of the helicase UAP56 causes defects in dendrite and presynapse pruning by disrupting actin regulation and mRNA export pathways.
8744h agoPlatelets from Alzheimer's disease patients show increased binding of amyloid-beta, altered morphology, and sex-specific differences in activation, making them a potential biomarker for early diagnosis.
8744h agoExternal light schedules and daily routines affect nighttime waking in young children, with low daytime light, extended bright light, and irregular schedules, especially on weekends, disrupting nighttime sleep.
8748h agoA Generative Adversarial Inference network learns sensory representations and inference strategies from data and reproduces the bias reversal in human perception from prior attraction to repulsion under varying sensory uncertainty.
8748h agoA new computational framework called HOI-Brain accurately characterizes higher-order interactions of brain regions from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data to diagnose brain diseases.
8748h agoFunctional connectivity emerges as the best feature for predicting cognition, age, and sex from resting-state functional MRI recordings.
8748h agoCombining features from different state-of-the-art models and using a simple architecture with shared and subject-specific components improves the generalization of encoding models to novel movie stimuli.
8748h agoA novel deep learning framework called NeuroCLIP uses EEG and fNIRS data to provide a robust biomarker for methamphetamine addiction and to evaluate the efficacy of treatments like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
8748h agoTask-based fMRI data outperforms resting-state fMRI in predicting cognitive behavior, and graph neural networks combining structural and functional connectivity achieve high performance in cognitive prediction.
8748h agoPeople can quickly learn to punish unfairness that benefits them, even if it costs them, by observing and imitating someone else's behavior.
8748h agoThe human hypothalamus is composed of four functional subregions with distinct patterns of connectivity to the cortex, showing stronger connections to frontal, midline, and limbic cortical areas and weaker connections to posterior sensorimotor regions.
8748h agoBiostasis practitioners agree that synaptic connectivity is a reliable indicator of preservation quality, but face barriers such as inadequate preservation, geographic obstacles, and poor execution.
8748h agoA novel neural network mechanism that combines Transformer attentional operations with the neuroscience theory of binding by synchrony improves accuracy, noise robustness, and generalization abilities on image classification tasks.
8748h agoArtificial intelligence chatbots can cause psychological harm, including suicide, violence, and delusional thinking, particularly for people with mental health conditions who use them for emotional support and companionship.
8748h agoA novel approach constructs quasi-isospectral higher-order Hamiltonians from time-independent Lax pairs by using the higher-order M-operator as the starting point.
8748h agoThe symmetric $\phi^4$-$\phi^2 |\phi|$-$\phi^2$ model has kink, pulse, and periodic solutions for its entire range of parameters.
8748h agoVector solitons in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates can be controlled using time-dependent parameters, allowing for interactions such as superposition states, fission, and shape-preserving collisions.
8748h agoKP solitons are expressed as singular limits of shifted Riemann theta functions and are obtained by degenerating finite-gap solutions associated with Schottky groups.
8748h agoRogue wave formation and spectral downshifting in nonlinear wave systems depend on the type of dissipation and wave steepness.
8748h agoA new model based on the Topological Dirac operator allows designing cluster synchronization patterns for oscillators associated with both nodes and edges of a network.
8748h agoA model of swarm behavior shows that agents can collectively produce a desired density by moving stochastically over a networked domain and adjusting their motion based on local, uncertain measurements.
8748h agoMicro-level noises and disturbances in the initial conditions of turbulent flows can greatly influence macro-level characteristics and statistics of turbulence through a process called the "noise-expansion cascade".
8748h agoNumerical noise greatly influences turbulent flows in 3D Kolmogorov turbulent flow, causing huge deviations in flow field, energy cascade, and statistics between direct numerical simulation and clean numerical simulation results.
8748h agoThe maximal Lyapunov exponent of homogeneous turbulence relates to the sweeping of turbulent flows and the scaling of the uncertainty field's integral length.
8748h agoThe quantum XYZ open spin-1/2 chain with boundary fields can be solved using Sklyanin's version of the quantum Separation of Variables, yielding exact representations for elementary blocks of correlation functions.
8748h agoThe matrix product solution for the steady state of the harmonic process is obtained from existing solutions in the literature, clarifying the relation between three representations of the steady state.
8748h agoAn affine map approximation accurately recovers a transmitted bit sequence in high-speed coherent optical communication by using only the continuous part of the Lax spectrum.
8748h agoDark photons can be efficiently produced in the early universe through their coupling to an oscillating axion field when the axion potential is shallower than quadratic at large field values.
8748h agoThe weight-activation dynamics of a class of memristor feedback dynamic neural networks converges to an equilibrium point, except for a set of initial conditions with zero measure, under suitable assumptions on the memristor interconnections.
8748h agoTraveling waves of permanent form exist in a coordinate-free model of flame fronts moving in a vertical direction.
8748h agoPySHRED, a Python package, implements the SHallow REcurrent Decoders (SHRED) strategy for modeling high-dimensional dynamical systems and spatiotemporal data from snapshot observations.
8748h agoTwo examples of fully-nonlinear symmetry-integrable evolution equations with algebraic nonlinearities are derived, including a 3rd-order class of equations and a 5th-order equation.
8748h agoSome real-world systems have random and uncertain behavior over time, and a new framework of stochastic differential equations can consistently interpret and analyze their finite-time stochastic behavior.
8748h agoA novel reduced-order methodology, called the orbital Cluster-based Network Model (oCNM), accurately describes complex multi-frequency fluid dynamics by modelling short-term trajectories over multiple clusters, enhancing the understanding of temporal behaviours.
8748h agoAlgebraic Bethe circuits can be derived by a change of basis in the auxiliary space, generating a linear superposition of plane waves that characterises the coordinate Bethe Ansatz.
8748h agoNonreciprocally coupled quantum oscillators exhibit a rich variety of synchronization behaviors, including phase locking, antiphase locking, bistable phase locking, and active states, due to the interplay of three competing synchronization mechanisms.
8748h agoA simple model shows that self-propelled droplets emerge from the interplay between reacting surfactants, the Marangoni effect, and wetting dynamics, resulting in various motility modes including directional motion, crawling, and random walks.
8748h agoDiscrete bright matter-wave solitons with attractive interaction exist in an optical lattice and their characteristics depend on lattice depths and spacings.
8748h agoThe motion of a material point in a constant magnetic field is integrable on spheres of any dimension, with complete integrability proven for dimensions up to 6 and noncommutative integrability for higher dimensions.
8748h agoThe distribution of off-diagonal elements of the scattering matrix in open microwave networks with symplectic symmetry deviates from random-matrix theory predictions due to the subgraphs not being fully connected.
8748h agoSparse random matrices often exhibit unbounded eigenvalue tails, and this study presents an analytical approach to characterising these tails by linking eigenvalues to exponentially localised eigenvectors on highly-connected network hubs.
8748h agoA novel deep learning model called DOTA uses local density of states as input to predict chemically accurate adsorption energies across metallic and intermetallic surfaces.
8748h agoThe analysis of biological and artificial neural networks requires considering generic real-asymmetric matrix ensembles, and a complexity parameter approach derives the ensemble averaged spectral densities for real and complex eigenvalues, revealing a universality among sparse real-asymmetric ensembles.
8748h agoScientists propose a new method using artificial intelligence and language models to efficiently design new materials, specifically metallic glasses, by analyzing relationships among materials and assessing the role of natural languages.
8748h agoThe Random First Order Transition theory explains correlations between kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of glass-forming liquids with varied chemical compositions and interactions.
8748h agoNeural Importance Resampling (NIR) enables efficient and unbiased sampling for neural quantum states, mitigating issues faced by existing methods and yielding competitive results with established approaches.
8748h agoHyperuniform systems show a high degree of uniformity at large length scales, with three classes having different levels of uniformity, and class I systems having the highest degree of uniformity from small to large length scales.
8748h agoA new model based on the Topological Dirac operator allows designing cluster synchronization patterns for oscillators associated with both nodes and edges of a network.
8748h agoAn intermediate phase emerges in the Ising model on hyperbolic lattices, characterized by bulk ordering induced by boundary effects, in addition to paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases.
8748h agoCoupling a strongly disordered chain to another disordered chain with anti-symmetrically correlated disorder can induce Anderson delocalization and restore the non-Hermitian skin effect when the inter-chain coupling exceeds a threshold.
8748h agoInteracting particles in a one-dimensional disordered system undergo a localization transition that is shifted to the non-interacting point due to attractive interactions.
8748h agoDual-unitary shadow tomography (DUST) outperforms brick-wall Clifford shadows in predicting operators with full support, thanks to its operator spreading structure resembling relativistic quantum field theories.
8748h agoRydberg atom arrays on the kagome lattice do not show exotic spin liquid or emergent glassy behavior according to two-dimensional recurrent neural network wave functions.
8748h agoA free scalar field with quenched disorder is gapless and has conformal symmetry, with exotic continuous symmetries, including nilpotent bosonic ones, that resemble Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetries.
8748h agoLagrangian Neural Networks adapted to mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints show improved accuracy in trajectory estimation, better adherence to constraints, and more stable energy behavior.
8748h agoEvolving small neural networks into larger ones during training optimizes network size and outperforms static networks of equivalent final size on nonlinear regression and classification tasks.
8748h agoProbabilistic computers, when designed with powerful Monte Carlo algorithms, provide a scalable classical pathway for solving hard optimization problems, outperforming a leading quantum annealer in tests on 3D spin glasses.
8748h agoHighly accurate neural network architectures cluster together in flat regions of the architecture search landscape, and a new algorithm, Architecture-Aware Minimization, uses this insight to improve generalization on benchmark datasets.
8748h agoScientists have developed a method for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging by combining strong magnetic field gradients with control over electron spins in diamond.
8748h agoAxons of cortical neurons maintain precise timing during spontaneous network activity, but their reliability drops under external stimulation at high frequencies, due to sodium channel inactivation.
8756h agoThe motor neurons that control male fertility in fruit flies are divided into two classes, serotonin and glutamate neurons and octopamine and glutamate neurons, which innervate different reproductive organs and use different signaling pathways.
8756h agoThe perception of visual tilt does not always produce an eye movement response known as optostatic torsion, suggesting a dissociation between perceived tilt and the processing of tilt that drives this motor response.
8756h agoCaMKII activity optimally supports neurotransmitter release by regulating exocytosis and synaptic vesicle dynamics, and both increasing and decreasing CaMKII activity impairs vesicle fusion.
8756h agoLocal factors determine the identities of astrocytes with different origins.
8760h agoNeural population activity can be described by topological objects called neural manifolds, which are shaped by nature, nurture, and other factors.
8760h agoSeeing an infectious avatar approach the body in virtual reality triggers the brain to prepare the body to fight infections, even when there is no real threat.
8760h agoLayer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex have distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns.
8760h agoLocomotion increases the gain in certain brain cells that sensitize to visual stimuli, while having weaker effects on cells that depress, through a mechanism that involves changes in connections and inhibition.
8760h agoThe retinal ganglion cells are uniformly sensitive across all directions of motion, and this sensitivity is maintained because the cells prioritize avoiding low sensitivity over maximizing the average information transmitted.
8760h agoA novel approach called Inception uses whole-brain models to simulate the long-term effects of perturbations on brain activity and shows promise in helping patients with Disorders of Consciousness recover.
8760h agoNG2-glia in the adult mouse cortex and corpus callosum have distinct morphological patterns that vary by layer, with those in deep cortical layers having larger and more complex structures, and those in superficial layers and the corpus callosum having smaller and simpler structures.
8768h agoALS progression differs by sex in mice, with changes in metabolism regulation through leptin and its signaling pathways varying by sex and disease stage.
8768h agoArtificial intelligence chatbots can pose risks of psychological harm, including belief destabilization and dependence, particularly for individuals with mental health conditions, due to interactions between human biases and chatbot behavioral tendencies.
8772h agoMice with a mixed genetic background of C57BL/6J and 129S2/SvPas show more varied behavior and better represent traits of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions than inbred mice.
8772h agoNeuromodulators like norepinephrine influence breathing by changing properties of specific neurons in the preBötzinger complex, a network that controls inspiratory rhythm.
8772h agoReciprocity, not barter, was the foundational economic logic in early human societies, and it can be explained by a minimal behavioral framework based on individual recognition, reciprocal credence, and cost-return sensitivity.
8772h agoThe accumulation of C99, a fragment of the amyloid precursor protein, disrupts cellular function by affecting protein networks that regulate gene expression, mitochondrial metabolism, and autophagy.
8772h agoA novel benchmark and experiments show that a neural network called Scattering Compositional Learner generalizes abstract relations best and aligns with human behavior.
8772h agoA hierarchical multimodal model that combines visual, auditory, and semantic information accurately predicts brain responses to naturalistic stimuli, achieving a Pearson r = 0.2094 and a peak score of mean r = 0.63.
8772h agoA sequence-to-sequence Transformer model predicts whole-brain fMRI responses to naturalistic multimodal movies by integrating visual, auditory, and language inputs with prior brain states.
8772h agoCoarse-graining macrostates into smaller blocks helps identify important computations leading to emergent complex structures and behaviors in cellular automata.
8772h agoMachine learning models, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy), accurately predict the motion of floating Sargassum seaweed rafts, especially in conditions with tightly bonded clumps.
8772h agoNonlinear aggregation dynamics of phase elements on a unit circle exhibit Arnold tongue-like structures in parameter space, where initially random distributions aggregate into highly anisotropic states under parametrically modulated external fields.
8772h agoThe Boussinesq equation has an integrable hierarchy that arises on coadjoint orbits in the loop algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}(3)$, with finite-gap hamiltonian systems possessing spectral curves from the family of $(3,3N\,{+}\,1)$-curves.
8772h agoThe correspondence principle, which links classical chaotic motion to quantum spectral correlations, fails in dissipative quantum systems, even in a prototypical kicked model.
8772h agoThe Kibble-Zurek mechanism holds for open systems transitioning from a disordered phase to a discrete time crystal, with the number of spatial defects and transition delay following a power-law scaling with quench time.
8772h agoA new predictive framework accurately predicts the location of laminar-to-turbulent transition in fluid flows by linking pre-transition flow characteristics to transition onset locations using a large dataset and machine learning models.
8772h agoSingle-particle chaos leads to equilibration of many non-interacting photons through operator spreading and quantum interference.
8772h agoEntanglement, stabilizer entropy, and entanglement spectrum anti-flatness in spin chains show distinct long-time behavior after a quantum quench, with free-fermion theories having a gap and non-integrable models saturating the random matrix theory value.
8772h agoCells differentiate into multiple types through three major processes - chaotic oscillations, channeled annealing, and rapid quenching - which achieve robustness to external perturbations through distinct properties and dynamics.
8772h agoIsotropic spin chains with nearest-neighbor interaction are either completely integrable with local conserved quantities for all levels or non-integrable with no nontrivial local conserved quantities.
8772h agoThe one dimensional, critical transverse field Ising model is Yang-Baxter integrable, allowing for the construction of commuting transfer matrices and the recursive obtainment of conserved quantities.
8772h agoAn adaptive scheme optimizes neural-network quantum states by training small recurrent neural networks and reusing them to initialize larger ones, reducing computation cost and improving the quality of variational calculations.
8772h agoThe Harper model's states transition to quantum diffusive states as the perturbation strength increases, for a range of potential strengths and with at least three incommensurate frequencies.
8772h agoThe study finds that relaxation modes contributing to spectral divergences in a glassy dynamics model have localized wavefunctions with multifractal properties.
8772h agoMany-body localization can be characterized geometrically by the many-body quantum metric and localization parameter, which are related in disordered insulating states and can extract a natural localization length in the MBL regime.
8772h agoSingle-particle chaos leads to equilibration of many non-interacting photons through operator spreading and quantum interference.
8772h agoThe spectral form factor in chaotic quantum systems shows a universal linear ramp and plateau structure with erratic oscillations, and its moments reveal deviations from random matrix universality in disordered systems.
8772h agoA special class of multi-species spin glass models has a free energy lower bound that matches the free energy of a single-species model with a specific inverse-temperature parameter.
8772h agoLecanemab, an anti-amyloid antibody, clears amyloid by activating microglia, which then enhance their ability to engulf and digest amyloid, a process that involves specific genes and factors, including SPP1/osteopontin.
8776h agoParaquat, a widely used herbicide, combines with alpha-synuclein to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia, leading to cell death, and this process can be blocked by NLRP3 inhibitors.
8780h agoSensory entrained intermittent theta burst stimulation (se-iTBS) more than doubles the effect of standard iTBS on motor-evoked potentials, producing a larger response in at least 80% of participants that lasts for at least 30 minutes.
8780h agoAn open-top light-sheet microscope enables high-speed, 3D imaging of small organisms, like C. elegans, in microfluidic devices, allowing for the recording of neural activity at high volume rates.
8780h agoTwitches during NREM sleep in 6-month-old infants occur more intensely during N2 sleep, and are linked to sleep spindles in both N2 and N3 sleep, but have an inverse relationship with delta power.
8780h agoNeural variability can be partitioned into two components: a stimulus component and a modulatory component, and a new model accurately captures spike train variability across timescales and throughout the visual hierarchy.
8780h agoA new model-based clustering approach, called hierarchical Bayesian mapping of axonal projections (HBMAP), accurately identifies patterns of brain wiring and characterizes uncertainty across subjects.
8784h agoCnidaria have a group of inhibitory ion channel receptors that use glutamate as a ligand, not gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and these receptors massively diversified, which may have helped evolve complex behaviors and sensory processing in their nervous system.
8788h agoAge explains only a modest proportion of differences in brain function, whereas individual differences play a dominant role, particularly in older adults.
8788h agoHigh gamma bursting increases in the prefrontal cortex and beta bursting increases in multisensory areas during visual working memory processing, and these bursts are coupled through a phase-burst code that supports memory maintenance.
8788h agoThe Visual Word Form Area (VWFA), a region in the brain that responds to text, can be found on each individual's cortical surface, responds to text regardless of the task, but its location varies across individuals.
8788h agoThe stability of rhythmic activity in neural networks remains unaltered even after removing one of its strongest synapses, suggesting that central pattern generators are designed to be strongly stable.
8788h agoNormalizing the APP gene copy number in DS cortical organoids improves deficits in brain cell growth and development.
8788h agoThe brain-specific microRNA miR-1000 regulates fat storage by controlling a neuropeptide gene, and its loss leads to higher body weight, increased fat storage, and changes in survival and lifespan.
8792h agoTwo populations of neurons, moonwalker descending neurons and DopaMeander, control distinct aspects of walking in Drosophila by integrating sensory inputs and driving changes in walking direction and forward movement.
8792h agoEthanol exposure alters the timing and structure of theta bursts in brain regions, impairing locomotion and goal-directed behaviors.
8792h agoHippocampal ripples help disengage mental schemas to enable creative thinking by reducing activity in the medial prefrontal cortex.
8792h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) primarily acts on genes related to synaptic plasticity in both cortical and subcortical circuits in the aged brain, but its effects vary by brain region and are less effective in older adults compared to younger adults.
8796h agoExposure to a synthetic mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes deficits in long-term spatial memory and disrupts gene expression in brain regions of mice.
8796h agoA novel system called MOTUM enables participants to perform naturalistic movements inside an fMRI scanner while experiencing immersive virtual reality, allowing researchers to link movement kinematics to brain activity.
8796h agoResearchers have adapted six popular chemo- and opto-genetics methods to control when and where calcium recording occurs in cells using the SCANR system, and successfully developed two strategies to achieve this.
8796h agoThe voice signals contain diagnostic cues essential for accurate affect decoding, and a neural network is able to decode emotions from voice samples even when they are partially masked by noise.
8796h agoSatiety accelerates the influence of food-associated cues on behavior, rather than abolishing it, and real-time ingestion plays a crucial role in understanding how physiological states modulate cue-driven devaluation.
8800h agoThe human brain processes dynamic vision through two fundamental computations: object recognition and motion recognition, which emerge from a single goal of understanding world dynamics.
8804h agoStimulating the contralateral primary motor cortex reduces the transfer of newly learned motor skills to the untrained arm.
8804h agoThe absence of C1QA worsens blood-retina barrier dysfunction, cystoid edema, and neuroinflammation, and activating beta-catenin-dependent signaling can resolve cystoid edema.
8804h agoDrugs of abuse disrupt chloride homeostasis in VTA GABA neurons by activating dopamine receptors, leading to long-lasting plasticity that may contribute to addiction.
8804h agoOlfactory ensheathing cell transplantation promotes spinal cord repair by activating ependymal cells, which then proliferate, differentiate into supportive astrocytes, and create a permissive environment for neuronal survival and growth.
8808h agoThe study identified 46 genes associated with optic neuritis, including HLA-DRB1 as the top risk locus, and suggests that omacetaxine mepesuccinate may be a potential therapy for preventing neurodegeneration.
8808h agoOligodendroglial ADAM10 plays a role in the formation and maintenance of myelin sheaths, and its deficiency leads to delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes, altered myelination, and long-term motor and cognitive deficits in male mice.
8812h agoIndividuals with developmental prosopagnosia have similar population receptive field properties in visual areas as controls, challenging the theory that their face recognition deficits are caused by reduced spatial integration in face-selective regions.
8812h agoSocial touch helps us attach to others, and it is linked to the maturation of specific neurons in the brain, which develop and influence social behavior as we experience sensory interactions.
8812h agoProgrammers using generative artificial intelligence code assistants are at risk of over-relying on these tools, leading to undetected errors in generated code, especially in scientific software development where code is often untested and developers are undertrained.
8812h agoLanguage and theory of mind develop from distinct neural origins in the superior temporal lobe, with children as young as 4-9 years old showing separate brain patterns for each.
8816h agoKCNT1 gene variants cause a type of epilepsy characterized by abnormal brain activity, and a new mouse model of this epilepsy shows that the genetic mutation leads to increased brain excitability and seizures.
8816h agoA new probe design allows for large-scale single unit recordings from many neurons in the brains of behaving monkeys.
8824h agoParkinson's disease patients have specific changes in amino acid levels in certain areas of the brain that are affected by the disease.
8824h agoStress changes REM sleep through a specific neural pathway that connects the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, disrupting normal sleep patterns and cognitive functions.
8824h agoA parallelized maze system with automated reward delivery allows for efficient training of rodents in spatial navigation tasks, reducing experimenter involvement and error.
8824h agoPeople with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have smaller thalamic nuclei volumes in certain areas of the brain, and those with major depressive disorder (MDD) have smaller mediodorsal thalamus volumes, compared to trauma-exposed controls.
8824h agoParent-child neural similarity in the amygdala helps youth adapt emotionally when facing uncertainty, and this similarity is linked to positive family relationships and better emotional regulation.
8828h agoThe brain uses a predictive coding framework to estimate another person's pain, with top-down priors influencing decisions on their expected and experienced pain, and uncertainty exerting a stronger influence in decisions about others than oneself.
8828h agoHigh-intensity interval training enhances the acquisition of a novel motor skill, but its effects are not specifically due to online or offline learning processes within a session.
8828h agoNon-invasive brain stimulation with extremely low frequency magnetic fields improves memory and cognitive function in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease by stimulating immature stem cells and promoting redox balance and reduced glial aggravation.
8828h agoMARK2 protects against neurodegeneration by negatively regulating glial immune responses, specifically by reducing inflammation driven by the Toll pathway.
8828h agoInternally directed attention disrupts working memory performance by altering brain activity, specifically by enhancing late positive potentials and changing alpha and beta band synchronization.
8828h agoFixel-based measures of brain fibre density, cross-section, and density and cross-section show high reproducibility and reliability across different scanners, with whole-brain level measures having coefficients of variation ranging from 0.51% to 1.57% and intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.93 and 0.996.
8828h agoCystitis-induced bladder pain and its affective components are encoded and modulated by specific neuronal ensembles in the central amygdala.
8828h agoThe subitizing limit, which is the ability to distinguish around 3-4 separate objects at a time, is caused by differences in neural excitatory:inhibitory balance, not by alpha oscillation frequency.
8828h agoA maternal high-sucrose diet during pregnancy disrupts testosterone and allopregnanolone levels in critical regions of the fetal brain that regulate reward-seeking and emotion.
8828h agoTraumatic brain injury causes changes in gene expression in specific areas of the brain, with the type and extent of change depending on the location and type of tissue damaged.
8828h agoA scalable platform that integrates optogenetic stimulation, calcium imaging, and automated analysis enables robust quantification of dynamic neuronal responses across hundreds of human neurons, facilitating disease modeling and therapeutic screening for neurological disorders.
8828h agoPerseverative thoughts in depression and anxiety are hard to control because they activate brain areas that are hard to switch off and use less control energy.
8828h agoGlial cells use the adhesion molecule Ninjurin A to infiltrate and clear neuronal debris from damaged areas in the brain.
8828h agoThe normalization of neuronal responses in the macaque middle temporal visual area is mainly determined by the receptive field responsivity at each stimulus location.
8828h agoRho-kinases 1 and 2 play distinct roles in regulating serotonin and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of mice.
8828h agoThe neural processing of imagined sounds is categorical, with brain responses differing between imagined speech sounds and environmental sounds.
8828h agoThe vagus nerve's activity changes with anesthesia and can be tracked over months in mice using a chronic implant model, revealing diverse nerve populations with different physiological coupling and firing rates.
8832h agoHigh-resolution fMRI signals can detect rapid neural dynamics, with object-category information decoded in less than 2 seconds after signal onset, by combining ultra-fast sampling and multivariate decoding.
8832h agoP2RY12 receptor plays a critical role in regulating microglial immune and metabolic responses under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions by controlling distinct metabolic pathways and antioxidant defenses.
8832h agoCollagen XVIII helps guide axons to specific branching points during nerve regeneration by attracting defasciculated axons across the epidermal basement membrane.
8832h agoA new imaging method measures blood velocity responses in individual vessels in humans with high resolution, showing a 10% increase in blood velocity in the posterior cerebral artery in response to visual stimuli.
8832h agoAstrocytes use multiple mechanisms to maintain stable potassium levels outside neurons, and different combinations of these mechanisms can achieve the same outcome.
8832h agoSocial cognition networks, including empathy and theory of mind, develop at different rates in children and adolescents.
8840h agoChronic stress hormone elevation impairs behavioral flexibility and promotes inflexible behavior by altering gene expression in the brain's dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum regions.
8840h agoA neural circuit model consisting of interconnected memory and control modules can manipulate working memory sequences by re-ordering items through elementary swapping operations.
8840h agoThe myelination of white matter tracts in the brain strongly predicts functional connectivity patterns, with a modulatory role in structure-function coupling that varies across brain regions and timescales of neural function.
8840h agoThe brain uses two mechanisms, sharpening expected information and emphasizing unexpected information through prediction errors, at different levels to integrate predictions with incoming speech and facilitate perception.
8840h agoHuntingtin protein plays a critical role in maintaining genome integrity by assembling a DNA repair complex in both the nucleus and mitochondria to resolve DNA lesions.
8840h agoCognitive processes are represented by near-orthogonal coding subspaces across the cortex, and this organization breaks down during errors, with only the memory subspace reflecting intrinsic circuit properties.
8840h agoScene context helps humans recognize objects better, and this ability can be replicated in artificial vision models that use language supervision and have rich, category-structured representations.
8840h agoA hierarchical multimodal model that combines visual, auditory, and semantic information over time accurately predicts brain responses to naturalistic stimuli.
8844h agoA sequence-to-sequence Transformer model predicts whole-brain fMRI responses to naturalistic multimodal movies by integrating visual, auditory, and language inputs with prior brain states.
8844h agoMultisensory integration requires understanding how multiple senses work together, and this involves examining interactions between sensory modalities, their unique temporal dynamics, and characteristics.
8844h agoMost EEG foundation models adopt a sequence-based modeling scheme that relies on transformer-based backbones and the reconstruction of masked sequences for self-supervision.
8844h agoThe sine-Gordon model with space and time-dependent parameters can be described by an effective model with one degree of freedom that accurately captures kink movement and stability regions.
8844h agoThe modified Toda hierarchy connects to the Toda hierarchy and has two tau functions, and its reduction forms a generalized bigraded modified Toda hierarchy that is a two-component generalization of the constrained modified KP hierarchy.
8844h agoThe thermal conductivity of nanoscale low-dimensional systems in nonequilibrium steady states is connected to the canonical motion of the Toda lattice in equilibrium through a hypothetical condition.
8844h agoPartial order parameter adaptation in coupled Kuramoto oscillators on random hypergraphs leads to a diverse range of synchronization transitions, including double-jump transitions, intermediate synchronization states, and continuous or explosive synchronization.
8844h agoThe observable drift, a measure of sensitivity to adiabatic deformations, correctly characterizes classical systems as chaotic and is equivalent to the definition of chaos based on sensitivity to initial conditions.
8844h agoTwo nontrivial rotational equilibrium solutions exist for the spatial uniform gas pressure model, including a nonspherically symmetric, horn-torus-shaped equilibrium bubble.
8844h agoA generalized Duffing-type equation captures complex biophysical states involved in signal transmission in nerve membranes, providing new analytical insight into nonlinear electromechanical behaviour.
8844h agoEcho-State Networks with fixed circuitry and adaptive linear read-outs can efficiently process temporal streams, and a unified treatment shows that they have fading-memory properties, are dense in a key space of filters, and have quantifiable computational resources.
8844h agoThe nonlinear Schrödinger equation's initial-value problem is solved using a new method that involves series representations for the Jost solutions of the Zakharov-Shabat system to compute scattering coefficients and recover the potential.
8844h agoStrong attractive interactions between two-component fermions in a one-dimensional system can be mapped onto a weakly interacting problem, allowing for the use of simpler study methods.
8844h agoThe study introduces a new model that exhibits unconventional phases, including one with volume-law entanglement and intermediate spectral statistics, and another with Poisson level statistics and sub-volume entanglement growth.
8844h agoDisordered kinetic glass models from statistical physics can be used as toy models for autoregressive sequence generation.
8844h agoNon-interacting spin-wave theory predicts the exact diffusion constant for a specific kinetically-constrained hopping process on a triangular lattice with certain conditions.
8844h agoDis-GEN, a new generative model, can generate symmetry-consistent structures of disordered inorganic materials that accommodate compositional disorder and vacancies.
8844h agoIncluding non-magnetic disorder increases the area where a system acts as a Chern insulating state and breaking up disordered patches can expand the existence of the topological Anderson insulator.
8844h agoThe weight space of artificial neural networks has a spiky topology near the interpolation threshold, but becomes flat and easy to sample in the overparameterized regime.
8844h agoOscillator Ising Machines are a prime candidate for neuromorphic machine learning processors with on-chip learning, achieving around 97% test accuracy on MNIST and 88% on Fashion-MNIST.
8844h agoGradient descent can escape rough regions in the loss landscape and recover a signal well when the signal-to-noise ratio is large enough, due to the presence of an informative negative direction in the Hessian at the start of the descent.
8844h agoThe Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm's success is limited by a nonstabilizerness barrier that increases with circuit depth before decreasing, which also exists in adiabatic quantum annealing.
8844h agoQuantum annealers can be used to study magnetic hysteresis, and experiments on three superconducting qubit quantum annealers show that hysteresis loops depend on quantum fluctuations in a non-monotonic way.
8844h agoCyclic quantum walks on graphs generate exotic topological phenomena, including gapped and gapless phases, protected edge states, and flat bands, which can be used for fault-tolerant quantum technologies.
8844h agoSensorimotor beta oscillations influence perceptual decisions by biasing choices towards responses with the opposite hand, and individuals with stronger beta lateralization tend to alternate their decision responses and make slower decisions.
8848h agoThe accumulation of amyloid-beta and mutant Tau proteins leads to reduced neuronal activity and function in young adult animals, with muscle tissue abnormalities also affecting neuronal function.
8848h agoThe level of excitatory processing in early visual areas determines the extent of adaptive visual perceptual learning for task-irrelevant visual signals.
8848h agoDynamic line drawings convey mechanical material properties, and their contour motion carries rich information about material qualities.
8848h agoAn ensemble of machine-learning algorithms accurately classifies sleep stages from a single EEG channel recorded by a customized wearable headband, achieving almost perfect agreement with expert-scored sleep stages.
8848h agoComputational models can accurately reproduce the responses of electrically stimulated nerve fibers by using an optimization procedure to fit model parameters to individual nerve fiber responses.
8848h agoThe brain uses two neural mechanisms, reactive inhibition and attentional gating, to manage distractions and prioritize relevant information when processing visual inputs.
8848h agoA connectome-constrained neural network model, with learned synaptic weights, generates plausible C. elegans behavior mediated by activity changes in command neurons.
8848h agoThe algorithm pBOSC detects and localizes neural oscillations with around 95% accuracy, allowing for the exploration of brain dynamics.
8848h agoStress granules in Alzheimer's disease brains show profound structural and molecular changes, with rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease displaying distinctive shifts towards pathological composition and function.
8848h agoThe parietal Late Positive event-related potential Component (LPC) reflects the rate of evidence accumulation for recognition memory judgments, indicating memory strength, especially for memorised objects.
8848h agoLarval zebrafish maintain robust hunting performance across a range of temperatures because neural activity and tail movements adjust together to keep spatial parameters stable.
8848h agoChanges in the striosome compartment of the brain, particularly in molecules regulating cyclic AMP levels, may be an essential target for understanding the pathogenesis of movement disorders such as chorea and dystonia in Huntington's disease.
8848h agoPeripheral vision loss disrupts the ability to quickly understand the meaning of a scene, especially for scenes with social interactions, while central vision loss mainly affects how people move their eyes to look at the scene.
8852h agoCell-cell communication patterns in the brain spatially align with tissue damage across 13 neurodegenerative conditions, and three principal axes of cell-cell communication underlie brain tissue vulnerability.
8852h agoRepetitive negative thinking is linked to altered brain connections, and a new framework shows that small brain regions, such as the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, can be controlled with less energy to drive changes in mood states.
8852h agoRecurrently connected neural networks with specific patterns of connectivity can control and reconfigure sequential neural activity to enable flexible behavior.
8852h agoExperience-dependent sign switching occurs at synapses between certain neurons, changing them from excitatory to inhibitory or vice versa, and this switching helps drive learning and modulate dopamine release.
8852h agoMice that eat high-salt food and experience stress have changes in their brain inflammation and coping behaviors, with effects that differ by sex and over time.
8852h agoWriting computational science manuscripts effectively requires following specific recommendations.
8856h agoActivation of DG SST+ interneurons impairs encoding and retrieval of spatial memory, while activation of PV+ interneurons selectively disrupts encoding but not retrieval.
8860h agoA computational model shows that neuronal assemblies can be flexibly learned and combined to perform real-world computations without forgetting previous ones by using dendritic compartments for learning.
8860h agoFunctional networks in the brain start emerging before birth, with interhemispheric connections and systematic organisation observed in fetal data, showing similarities with neonatal functional networks.
8860h agoThe activation of the 5-HT2A receptor by psychedelic drugs promotes neuroplasticity through a reciprocal interaction with the mGlu5 receptor and the scaffolding protein Shank3.
8860h agoA Pax6 interneuron subclass is missing in mouse brains, but a similar subclass is found in other mammals, revealing primate-specific differences in brain cell types.
8860h agoHuman brain organization in children shares a common structure, but also shows individual differences, with core functional networks being similar but varying in association regions, and individual differences increasing with development.
8860h agoShared genetic architecture exists between schizophrenia, brain structure, insulin resistance, and inflammation at specific genetic loci.
8860h agoPoor comprehenders have weaker white matter integrity in brain areas related to reading and cognition, which may underlie their reading comprehension weaknesses despite having typical word reading skills and intelligence.
8860h agoDown syndrome causes impaired learning, memory, and language due to circuit-specific dysfunctional inhibition in the brain, specifically excessive inhibition in the dentate gyrus caused by increased dosage of certain genes.
8860h agoDifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells do not form complete synapses, and their use as a model for synaptic studies is limited.
8860h agoKCNQ2 loss-of-function disrupts human neuronal maturation through dynamic changes in function, gene expression, and structure, causing a spectrum of neonatal epilepsies.
8860h agoPremature birth disrupts cerebellar development, leading to motor and socio-cognitive impairments, and distinct mechanisms are triggered by different types of early-life insults.
8860h agoDopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in how the brain learns from rewards, and changes in this signaling cause related changes in blood flow in many brain areas.
8860h agoATRX-mediated chromatin remodeling in astrocytes is essential for maintaining hippocampal transcriptional homeostasis, neuronal function, and long-term memory.
8860h agoThe brain reorganizes connections between areas involved in memory and imagination depending on the task demands, with different tasks activating different leaders in the network.
8860h agoInteractions between the ventral hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex interneurons are essential for spatial working memory, and repeated stimulation of these interactions leads to class-specific changes in interneuron activity that can impair working memory.
8860h agoThe brain processes sound onsets and offsets differently, with distinct electrical responses in the brain, and the offset response is generally weaker than the onset response.
8860h agoBrain asymmetry follows distinct spatial patterns, with early leftward asymmetry in association cortices and late rightward asymmetry in sensory regions across the lifespan.
8860h agoBiostasis practitioners agree that synaptic connectivity is a reliable indicator of preservation quality, but face technical barriers such as inadequate preservation, geographic and procedural limitations, and disagree on revival strategies.
8868h agoThe Adaptive Blink-Correction and De-Drifting (ABCD) algorithm detects and eliminates faulty EEG channels, improving Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) performance by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and boosting classification accuracy to 93.81%.
8868h agoA new framework called HuiduRep extracts features from extracellular spike waveforms that are robust to noise and drift, enabling accurate spike sorting without supervision.
8868h agoHigh-density EEG recordings and a frequency-phase-space fusion encoding method enable brain-computer interfaces to achieve high information transfer rates of up to 472.7 bits per minute.
8868h agoArtificial intelligence research can improve predictions and human-AI interactions by incorporating insights on how decisions emerge over time and using related process data.
8868h agoTemporal correlations between neurons can enhance the transmission of stimulus information to a readout neuron, despite decreasing the information encoded in the input spike trains.
8868h agoTwo integrable systems are constructed on the loop algebra of the symplectic Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sp}(6)$, along with their Hamiltonian structures.
8868h agoAdaptive link sizes in neural networks lead to changes in synchronization patterns, including chimera and bump states, which vary with the average coupling strength and time scales of the network.
8868h agoDarboux's porism on folding quadrilaterals and Bottema's zigzag porism are put in the context of Arnold-Liouville integrability.
8868h agoMedium and heavy-duty commercial vehicles' electrification requires substantial upgrades to distribution infrastructure to prevent voltage violations on the distribution system.
8868h agoNeural networks effectively solve nonlinear partial differential equations, construct accurate bifurcation diagrams, and analyze linear stability, outperforming the finite difference method in tests on the Bratu and Burgers equations.
8868h agoThe wavefront shape that maximizes the light power passing through an aperture is obtained as an exact solution of a nonlinear integral equation.
8868h agoLocalized states in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation disperse if the nonlinear strength drops below a threshold, and are unstable in a noisy environment.
8868h agoDistinctness of physical systems is a finite resource that can be exactly counted to define basic physical quantities and limits to space and time resolution.
8868h agoThe q-characters of simple finite-dimensional modules over quantum affine algebras have an extremal monomial property, which is equivalent to the polynomiality of certain X-series.
8868h agoMany glass-formers exhibit a universal scaling of their characteristic relaxation time with only two material-specific parameters.
8868h agoA graph-based deep learning framework accurately predicts the magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional Ising spin systems from their lattice geometry.
8868h agoMachine learning models identify and analyze physical phenomena in microscopic images of honeycomb lattice spin-ice samples, automating the calculation of net magnetic moments and directional orientations.
8868h agoMany-body localization regime is not robust in two-dimensional disordered systems, as shown by experiments on a 70-qubit superconducting quantum simulator.
8868h agoCyclic quantum walks on graphs generate exotic topological phenomena, including gapped and gapless phases, protected edge states, and flat bands, which can be used for fault-tolerant quantum technologies.
8868h agoNeural quantum states with neural networks are not suitable for simulating strongly driven quantum dynamics because they can experience numerical breakdowns with certain time integration methods.
8868h agoThe expectation values of local observables in disordered quantum many-body systems can be distributed over a wide interval and exhibit nontrivial structure, reflecting the distribution of onsite disorder rather than non-ergodicity.
8868h agoCollective effects in a waveguide-QED system slow down the self-discharging time of a quantum battery, improving its storage time, especially when artificial atoms are arranged randomly or in a specific lattice pattern.
8868h agoTemporal correlations between neurons can enhance the transmission of stimulus information to a readout neuron, despite decreasing the information encoded in the input spike trains.
8868h agoMotor errors impair working memory performance by disrupting the maintenance of relevant information, and people may adapt by storing information in multiple states to reduce interference.
8868h agoLarge language models based on the transformer architecture do not represent sentence meaning in a human-like way, and they poorly capture aspects of sentence meaning beyond individual word meaning.
8868h agoOligodendrocytes can internalize myelin, which increases their proliferation and differentiation, and promotes their maturation and myelination.
8868h agoThe same neural circuit trains to predictively cancel a tutor's song and assesses performance quality, guiding self-directed learning of complex behaviors through purely local learning.
8872h agoA new dynamic stimulus called Zebra noise and a wavelet-based analysis model efficiently map multiple aspects of the visual preferences of thousands of neurons in the mouse visual cortex.
8872h agoGoal uncertainty reduces implicit sensorimotor adaptation, which is the automatic correction of movement errors through feedback and practice.
8872h agoListeners' brains adapt to speech variability by increasing uncertainty in perceiving individual phonemes and avoiding commitment to specific word candidates when hearing multiple unfamiliar talkers.
8872h agoNeural representations of speech features are jointly influenced by top-down predictions and bottom-up signal quality, with signal quality affecting neural tracking of speech modulations differently for predicted and unpredicted words.
8872h agoMuscle vibration affects perceived limb position and velocity by changing the signals from sensory receptors, and people integrate velocity signals to determine their position during movement.
8872h agoHuntington's disease model in non-human primates shows reduced structural connectivity between basal ganglia and cortex, and altered causal functional interactions, similar to those found in people with the disease.
8872h agoAutoMorphoTrack, an open-source Python package, automates detection, classification, tracking, and colocalization analysis of mitochondria and lysosomes in live-cell imaging data.
8872h agoPLX5622 promotes anesthetic emergence by enhancing anesthetic metabolism through inducing the expression of hepatic enzymes, not by changing neuronal activity or eliminating microglia.
8872h agoThe parasympathetic nervous system helps prepare the body for action and promotes stress resilience during threat by modulating interactions between the spine and brain.
8872h agoIschemic stroke triggers a widespread response of reactive astrocytes and microglia, with astrocytes reacting more rapidly and extensively than microglia, and this response is largely independent of microglia.
8872h agoGlutathione-coated nanoparticles stimulate neuron regeneration by forming complexes with netrin-G1 ligands and producing insulin-like growth factor-1, which successfully regenerates neurons in Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord-injured mice.
8876h agoDisordered gamblers have impaired goal-directed control and reinforcement learning, which is linked to changes in several brain parameters, but they still show intact neural responses to task transitions, rewards, and behavioral adjustments.
8876h agoIndirect neurogenesis massively amplifies and diversifies the cortical output channels across the brain, while direct neurogenesis produces limited projections mainly to the forebrain and midbrain.
8876h agoThe priority of intended actions dynamically reshapes their neural format, with neural coding changing to shield against interference and adapt to different demands over time.
8876h agoBAG family proteins are involved in common pathways linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and may function together in these neurodegenerative disorders.
8880h agoPhosphorylation at residue S421 of the huntingtin protein influences Huntington's disease biology, and a new ultrasensitive immunoassay can detect this phosphorylation in various biological contexts.
8880h agoCytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in skeletal muscle leads to muscle dysfunction, motor neuron loss, and neurodegeneration, which can be improved by suppressing TDP-43 in skeletal muscle.
8880h agoParkinson's disease-associated cognitive dysfunction is linked to changes in gene expression in the hippocampus that vary by sex and age.
8880h agoA specific group of neurons in the brain helps limit alcohol intake by sending inhibitory signals to other brain regions, which could lead to new ways to reduce binge drinking.
8884h agoNoradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala helps form distinct memories of similar events that happen close together in time through a process in the hippocampus regulated by miR-134.
8884h agoInformative spatial cues produce a higher and narrower bump of activity in the Drosophila head direction system and can remap other cues to create a self-consistent map.
8884h agoCheaper, lower-fidelity experiments can be incorporated into a closed-loop search for molecules and materials with desired properties.
8884h agoMulti-fidelity Bayesian optimization methods help with molecular and material discovery tasks by using cheaper and informative low-fidelity sources.
8884h agoAn artificial neural network-based strategy learns committor-consistent transition pathways, providing insight into rare events in biomolecular systems.
8884h agoThe birthdates of neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex determine where they project to, with neurons projecting to lateral areas born on embryonic day 15.5 and those projecting to medial areas born on a different schedule.
8888h agoHigher D2/D3 receptor availability in certain brain regions is linked to better memory performance in healthy older adults, while availability in other regions is associated with poorer memory performance.
8888h agoIntermuscular coupling between the tongue and palate shows different patterns for swallowing, mastication, and speech production, with more critical oscillatory regulation for swallowing than for mastication.
8888h agoDrug resistance in temporal lobe epilepsy patients is associated with lower limbic network integration and more severe depression symptoms.
8888h agoDR6 is dispensable for regulating axon degeneration and glial nerve injury responses during Wallerian degeneration.
8888h agoNon-planning impulsivity in late adolescence and early adulthood predicts procrastination in later adulthood, and this association is partly explained by shared genetic variants affecting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
8888h agoPsychedelics enhance associative learning in animals across different paradigms, with possible mechanisms including increased prediction error sensitivity, serotonin receptor agonism, and structural plasticity.
8888h agoMesial temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by neuronal loss and abnormal growth of mossy fibers in the hippocampus, which form new excitatory circuits that may contribute to recurrent seizures.
8888h agoThe development and evolution of the neocortical organisation is influenced by mechanical morphogenesis, in addition to genetics and experience, with brain folding and neuroanatomical patterns changing continuously with brain volume and correlating with behavioural similarity across primate species.
8888h agoTRPC6 channels regulate dopamine neuron activity, consummatory behavior, and reward valuation in a state-dependent manner, specifically in hungry mice.
8888h agoCognitive-emotional stress triggers similar physiological responses in individuals with and without social anxiety.
8892h agoInterpretable features combined with self-supervised speech model representations predict brain responses to speech more accurately than either one alone.
8892h agoInformation from human brain electroencephalogram data can differentiate between Go and NoGo trials, with a few specific channels consistently showing the difference for each individual.
8892h agoSpiking neural networks can control downstream systems using sparse neural activity, and a new method allows for task-specific spiking control with scalable and mathematically derivable network connectivity.
8892h agoA new theory proposes that depression's neural mechanisms involve a combination of dopamine-related pathophysiology, abnormal reinforcement learning, and a distributional code for representing value in the brain.
8892h agoA novel neural network mechanism that combines Transformer attentional operations with the neuroscience theory of binding by synchrony improves accuracy and noise robustness by synchronizing the activity of neurons encoding related features.
8892h agoThe Hodge decomposition breaks down changing brain networks into three key components that contain biologically interpretable features.
8892h agoThe well-posedness of selected generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies is reviewed based on published, prepublished, and unpublished results.
8892h agoNonlinear excitations with competing nonlinearities support intrinsic localized modes that exhibit spatial localization over a few lattice sites, and these modes exhibit specific bifurcation patterns as the governing parameters vary.
8892h agoThe transition from milling to schooling in fish groups is driven by a noisy transcritical bifurcation where the two collective states intersect and exchange stability.
8892h agoA model of two interacting components of light in an optical fiber exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking of continuous-wave states when the nonlinear repulsion between the components is strong enough.
8892h agoPhase separation affects reaction kinetics in chemical oscillators by localizing reactants, allowing for control of oscillator frequency and amplitude.
8892h agoMachine learning techniques can learn a surrogate dynamical system that accurately evolves a turbulent Lagrangian trajectory over short and long times.
8892h agoPolygonal dynamics, a family of dynamical systems, exhibits collapsing phenomena where generic orbits collapse towards a predictable point.
8892h agoThe amplitude of an external fast signal can control limit cycle behavior and the onset of subharmonic oscillation in a van der Pol-Duffing oscillator.
8892h agoUnidirectional coupling between layers in a multiplex network can induce extreme events in an uncoupled layer, while bidirectional coupling tends to mitigate extreme events in a globally coupled layer.
8892h agoThis catalog presents examples of multistable dynamical systems from various fields of knowledge, along with computer code to reproduce their basins of attraction.
8892h agoHigher connection density in adaptive networks leads to both local clustering and global synchrony, while lower density networks tend to fragment into desynchronized clusters.
8892h agoTwo examples of fully-nonlinear symmetry-integrable evolution equations with algebraic nonlinearities are derived, specifically one class of 3rd-order equations and a 5th-order equation.
8892h agoCertain spatiotemporal patterns in reversible reaction-diffusion equations undergo snaking bifurcations, where many branches of patterned states coexist and connect at towers of saddle-node bifurcations.
8892h agoEdge states in topological insulators can self-accelerate along the boundary without scattering or diffracting, and nonlinearity affects their envelopes, allowing them to circumvent sharp corners and exhibit self-healing properties.
8892h agoGlassy dynamics are characterized by a vanishing gap between oscillatory and decaying modes in the Koopman spectrum, which serves as a model-agnostic signature for detecting and analyzing such dynamics.
8892h agoIsotropic spin chains with nearest-neighbor interaction are either completely integrable with local conserved quantities for all levels or non-integrable with no nontrivial local conserved quantities.
8892h agoThe conservation of a charge operator supported by three neighboring sites guarantees the existence of all higher order conserved charges and hence the integrability of a quantum spin chain.
8892h agoScientists can identify the initial conditions that lead to rare events in chaotic systems by finding an effective map that reproduces the statistics of these events.
8892h agoThe dynamics of amorphous indium oxide films in the liquid helium temperature range are thermally activated, slowing down under cooling and accelerating upon heating.
8892h agoThe distributions of local observable values in disordered quantum many-body systems mirror the distribution of the onsite disorder, which can sometimes falsely suggest non-ergodicity.
8892h agoDynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT) provides a framework for analyzing systems with many interacting parts by reducing their complex dynamics to a simpler, single-part process.
8892h agoDopants in magnetic spin lattices are localized at nonzero temperatures in the Ising limit, but delocalize according to a power-law behavior when spin-exchange processes are present.
8892h agoMaterial networks can accelerate the discovery of binary and ternary amorphous alloys by revealing hidden material candidates and guiding new alloy design.
8892h agoRandom corrugations on a Fabry-Perot laser diode cavity wall affect the statistical properties of its spectral features.
8892h agoGlassy dynamics are characterized by a vanishing gap between oscillatory and decaying modes in the Koopman spectrum, which serves as a model-agnostic signature for detecting and analyzing such dynamics.
8892h agoStealthy interactions can create disordered glasses with novel physical properties, including ultradense packings with maximal packing fractions, that are similar to hyperuniform sphere packings.
8892h agoA quantum phase transition occurs in a single-electron system under nonadiabatic conditions, changing from non-Markovian to Markovian behavior over time.
8892h agoRidge regression's in- and out-of-sample risks have sharp asymptotics when data points have arbitrary correlations, and a modified estimator called CorrGCV provides an unbiased prediction of out-of-sample risk.
8892h agoA new methodology creates machine learning interatomic potentials that accurately model properties of metallic glasses, enabling robust model training across diverse states.
8892h agoA new non-invasive test can distinguish between different types of hearing loss by measuring brain responses to individual stimuli, helping to identify people who may benefit from treatments aimed at boosting strial function.
8892h agoSlower recognition memory speed is associated with changes in white matter structure, particularly in certain brain pathways, and this link is strongest in middle adulthood.
8896h agoVisual working memory has stronger connections to shared brain structures at rest, but auditory working memory shows more changes in brain connections during a task, which relates to better performance.
8896h agoAstrocytes communicate with each other through gap junctions to form networks that connect specific brain regions, and these networks are essential for proper central nervous system development and function.
8900h agoAstrocytes use IP3R2-mediated calcium signaling to regulate the maturation of glutamatergic synapses and the development of excitatory circuits, which are essential for visually driven behaviors.
8900h agoThe thalamus develops from two major glutamatergic lineages, sensory and motor/associative, which arise from separate progenitors and are governed by different gene regulatory programs.
8900h agoGut cells regulate feeding behaviors by detecting food quantity and quality, and send signals to the brain through nerve cells, with distension and aversive cues being dynamically encoded in developing circuits.
8900h agoEarly sensory deprivation causes large-scale reconfiguration of cortical networks, with the impact of visual experience and prenatal retinal waves on network establishment differing between mouse strains.
8900h agoRetinal ganglion cells adjust the speed of transmitting neural signals to keep visual perception precisely timed.
8904h agoThe sleep-onset period shows dynamic and non-monotonous changes with high variability, and a new model suggests that rapid switches between wake and sleep states are driven by internal control signals and noise.
8904h agoHigh-resolution fMRI scans of the spinal cord reveal two distinct response components to heat pain in the dorsal horn, which map to different layers.
8904h agoMisfolded alpha-synuclein causes brain atrophy that spreads in a network-like pattern, and this effect is generalizable across different genetic backgrounds and types of misfolded protein, but depends on the initial site of brain damage.
8904h agoThe cerebral cortex influences the development of complex vocal behaviors in mice, with mice lacking this brain region producing altered vocalizations that indicate distress and have lower informational complexity.
8904h agoAstrocytes in the cerebellum have diverse molecular properties and developmental origins, and are controlled by a hierarchical system of gene regulators that guide their development into distinct types and subtypes.
8904h agoInterneurons in the hippocampus sharpen memory-encoding activity by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of pyramidal neuron sensory representations during working memory in mice.
8908h agoA specific brain connection pattern, called the Alzheimer's-resilient connectome, differentiates older adults with exceptional memory from those with Alzheimer's disease and predicts slower cognitive decline.
8908h agoChildren with dyslexia do not properly distinguish regular words from pseudowords in their brains, unlike typical readers who show a distinct brain response to regular words over the left hemisphere.
8908h agoInstructions explain similar amounts of walking speed variance in young and older adults, but age differences in walking speed depend on the type of instruction given.
8908h agoCorticothalamic layer 6 modulates information flow between cortical and thalamic circuits by bidirectionally controlling firing rates in both the cortex and thalamus.
8912h agoThe middle orbital gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus represent recent attempts at achieving a hidden goal during exploration in a virtual environment.
8912h agoAuditory streaming is organized in the brain through neural populations with delayed cross-inhibition, and perceptual boundaries depend on threshold selection and bifurcations such as symmetry breaking.
8916h agoDisorder, rather than efficiency, plays a dominant role in the evolution of natural languages, with changes driven by disordered interactions between syntax parameters.
8916h agoHuman gaze patterns follow a baseline behaviour that is comparable across different contexts, and can be described by a context-agnostic eye movement model.
8916h agoExcitatory parvalbumin neurons in the Ento-MVL circuit of pigeons modulate responses to visual stimuli and enable rapid processing of motion-related information.
8916h agoNeuronal networks alternate between high and low activity regimes due to a universal bifurcation structure that emerges from the interplay between external input and synaptic connectivity.
8916h agoBrain rhythms play a central role in understanding human cognition, and their mechanisms, including phase-related dynamics and frequency interactions, underlie various cognitive domains such as perception, attention, and memory.
8916h agoFinal-state uncertainty is common in systems of coupled neuronal maps, making it nearly impossible to predict whether they will be chaotic or nonchaotic.
8916h agoDeep temporal computations can be mimicked by autoregressive models by structuring context access during iterative inference, allowing for fewer computations while maintaining predictive capacity.
8916h agoNetwork neuroscience studies use simplified assumptions about neural models and network structures, but adding more neurophysiological detail and complex network structures may improve understanding of brain function.
8916h agoInsomnia characteristics are linked to specific brain network changes, which can be identified using EEG data and a graph convolutional neural network model with 70% accuracy.
8916h agoThe affective content of dreams is associated with both their semantic content and structure, with positively valenced dreams having coherent and linear narratives and negatively valenced dreams having more narrative loops.
8916h agoA pure Multi-Layer Perceptron-based method, BrainNetMLP, achieves state-of-the-art performance in functional brain network classification by capturing spatial connectivity and spectral information.
8916h agoCNeuroMod-THINGS provides a large-scale fMRI dataset that captures neural representations for a wide range of semantic concepts using well-characterized images.
8916h agoSynchronization in a chain of nonlinear oscillators is linked to increased energy transfer, and phase alignment among consecutive oscillators facilitates the energy cascade.
8916h agoVortex singularities in wave fields are a generic consequence of destructive interference, persist under small perturbations, and have applications in various fields.
8916h agoHamiltonian dynamics with triplet interactions between point particles exhibit chaotic motion, but also have special solutions, including equilateral and isosceles triangles, that can lie on invariant tori.
8916h agoThe theory for phase reduction analysis shows that traveling breathers in reaction-diffusion systems have spatial and temporal phases that are mutually coupled.
8916h agoThe Novikov equations have an explicit Hamiltonian form and can be solved by separating variables on a hyperelliptic curve of genus 2.
8916h agoThe Yajima-Oikawa equation models the propagation of ion sound waves, and its exact soliton solutions and long-time asymptotics are determined through a Riemann-Hilbert approach.
8916h agoA symmetric finite difference method solves the three-dimensional Bratu equation more accurately than previous methods and produces bifurcation diagrams for up to five dimensions.
8916h agoPhysics-informed neural networks provide an accurate and efficient way to solve nonlinear lattice problems, including approximating solutions, constructing bifurcation diagrams, and analyzing linear stability.
8916h agoSufficient conditions guarantee that an integrable system on a manifold with a symmetry group descends to an integrable system on a dense open subset of the quotient Poisson space.
8916h agoA stochastic perturbation of the Camassa-Holm equation conserves energy and generates solutions that spread around the deterministic solution, unlike a Casimir-conserving approach that produces peakons which may propagate away from the deterministic solution.
8916h agoNetwork connectivity and confidence bounds jointly determine collective behavior in opinion dynamics, with increased connectivity sometimes suppressing consensus and full unanimity being unattainable at low connectivity.
8916h agoThe researchers developed a coarse-grained model using the Martini method to investigate the long-time behavior of foldamers that behave like Euler archs and Duffing oscillators.
8916h agoThe mechanical behavior of graphene under tensile stress changes with temperature, with fracture stress, strain, and Young modulus decreasing almost linearly as temperature increases.
8916h agoThe interactive installation "Echoes of the Land" uses a spring-block model to turn seismic dynamics into a real-time sound and light experience that visualizes earthquake physics and complex behavior.
8916h agoThe quantization of the moduli space of multiplicative Higgs bundles is linked to five-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, where Q-operators and q-opers are constructed and analyzed through a codimension-two defect.
8916h agoThe scalar one-point functions in the SO(6) sector of the D5-D3 probe-brane set-up can be calculated by mapping them to the overlap between matrix product states and Bethe states.
8916h agoMeasuring turbulent flows at mesoscales improves predictions of large and small-scale variables, especially when measurements are taken at high frequencies and cover at least two adjacent mesoscales.
8916h agoFinal-state uncertainty is common in systems of coupled neuronal maps, making it nearly impossible to predict whether they will be chaotic or nonchaotic.
8916h agoThe localisation of patterns in reaction-diffusion systems with slow spatial heterogeneity can be predicted by conditions for Turing-type linear instability and nonlinear analysis.
8916h agoThe conservative complex Swift-Hohenberg equation has largely unexplored solutions that differ significantly from its dissipative counterpart, with uniform solutions being inherently unstable and periodic solutions generally unstable except in a narrow parameter interval.
8916h agoAnalytical formulae for Koopman modes are found for classical continuous automorphisms of the torus, and the spectrum of the Koopman operator is studied for four cases of these maps.
8916h agoThe motion of a material point in a constant magnetic field on a sphere is completely integrable for any number of dimensions, with Lax representation and first integrals of degree one and two.
8916h agoThe nonlinear factorization method can be used to obtain isochronous waveform solutions of homogeneous Li\'enard equations by assuming an intermediate function that depends on both variables of the nonlinear equation.
8916h agoIsotropic spin chains with nearest-neighbor interaction are either completely integrable with local conserved quantities for all k or non-integrable with no nontrivial local conserved quantities.
8916h agoIn type-II superconductors, the density of superconductive electrons reaches a maximum outside the vortex core, surpassing its bulk value, when the Cooper pairs are tightly bound at zero temperature.
8916h agoA Siamese Neural Network accurately predicts percolation thresholds and critical exponents in three-dimensional systems using fewer labeled samples than traditional approaches.
8916h agoNonreciprocity in lattices gives rise to unusual wave phenomena, including anisotropic hybrid modes that exhibit skin localization in one direction and Anderson localization in another.
8916h agoVortex singularities in wave fields are a generic consequence of destructive interference, persist under small perturbations, and have applications in various fields.
8916h agoNi doping in TiCoSb samples enhances the power factor by 269% and causes a local structural transition at a specific composition.
8916h agoThe pinning transition in a fluctuating interface model may or may not coincide for different measures of the partition function, depending on the disorder distribution.
8916h agoNew algorithms estimate the partition function of spin glasses to high accuracy in quasipolynomial time for nearly all inverse temperatures in the second moment regime.
8916h agoA two-stage approach using representation learning accurately annotates and controls protein function from sequence data, even with limited labeled data.
8916h agoOscillator Ising Machines are a promising platform for fast and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, achieving around 97% test accuracy on MNIST and 88% on Fashion-MNIST with robust performance under realistic hardware constraints.
8916h agoThe Jonscher's Universal Dielectric Response Law holds true for a wide range of materials, as experimental results confirm that ac conductivity is a fractional power of frequency.
8916h agoIn strongly disordered, interacting, quantum chains, transport is anomalous because the conductance of a chain of length L vanishes faster than 1/L.
8916h agoGrokking arises naturally in a simple binary logistic classification task when the parameters of the problem are close to a critical point.
8916h agoThe dynamic space filling process stops when a single particle occupies every vertex, with the average halting time scaling with the number of vertices as $N^{4/d}$ when $d\leq4$ and as $N$ when $d>4$.
8916h agoThe arrow of time in quantum many-body systems emerges because Hamiltonian evolution scrambles quantum information and increases entanglement.
8916h agoPurkinje cells make different types of connections with other brain cells, mainly targeting other Purkinje cells, and use these connections to regulate their own activity through negative feedback.
8924h agoDementia with Lewy bodies shows reduced functional connectivity in key brain networks as it progresses, relating to core clinical symptoms, in a distinct pattern from Alzheimer's disease.
8924h agoAutobiographical memory supports empathy by allowing individuals to use their own experiences to understand others, but this works best when the individual's experience matches that of the person they are trying to understand.
8924h agoIndividuals with alcohol use disorder have normal motivation for social and monetary rewards, suggesting that sensitivity to non-alcohol related cues is not impaired in this disorder.
8928h agoThe brain's neural responses track sensory variability independently of the mean, with different regions showing distinct relationships to uncertainty, and these responses are linked to individual differences in confidence in decision-making.
8928h agoTreadmill exercise preserves retinal function and photoreceptor density, and decreases inflammation and cell death in a light-induced retinal degeneration model.
8928h agoAge-related hearing loss alters the physiology and morphology of fusiform cells in the cochlear nucleus, with changes including elevated firing rates and remodeling of the basal dendritic tree.
8928h agoMicroglia can be specifically genetically manipulated in rats using a new transgenic rat model, allowing researchers to study their function in the brain and complex behaviors.
8928h agoBlocking sodium, calcium, and glutamatergic channels does not prevent spreading depolarization, suggesting that additional mechanisms beyond these channels contribute to its induction.
8928h agoMany neurons in the visual cortex use a dual-feature encoding strategy, where they are selectively tuned to two distinct visual features, one that enhances and one that suppresses activity.
8928h agoA novel psychophysical model called the Wishart Process Psychophysical Model (WPPM) characterizes how humans perceive and discriminate colors in a three-dimensional color space.
8928h agoMisfolded synuclein fibrils enter healthy neurons through a complex of mGluR4 and Npdc1 proteins on the cell surface, leading to neurodegeneration.
8928h agoA deep learning framework estimates that current cochlear implant technology has limited ability to restore normal hearing, with simulated results matching the best human users.
8928h agoNociceptors express NKG2D ligands exclusively after injury, which interact with Natural Killer cells and may aid the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in chronic pain conditions.
8928h agoIndividuals with multiple sclerosis tend to overreport their levels of exertion and have less accurate effort assessment due to increased variability in physical exertion.
8928h agoThe brain uses different and shared networks to encode and recognize patterns in auditory and visual information, with distinct mechanisms for each sense and a shared network for recognition.
8928h agoThe cerebral cortex of humans and chimpanzees have different folding patterns in the superior temporal sulcus, with chimpanzees having relatively deeper grooves and humans having relatively larger surface areas.
8928h agoStarvation suppresses thermonociceptive behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans by changing the activity patterns of sensory neurons and switching the effects of certain neuropeptide signals.
8928h agoHuntington's disease protein, mutant huntingtin, can be measured in blood through extracellular vesicles, offering a potential less-invasive biomarker for the disease.
8928h agoPermeability and magnetization transfer substantially influence diffusion-weighted MRI measurements, causing underestimation of cylinder diameter and density and bias in microstructural parameter estimates.
8932h agoDeviations in white matter development during adolescence are linked to concurrent cognition problems and psychopathology, and predict psychiatric disorders and cognitive performance later in life.
8936h agoSubjective probability distortion underlies the cognitive process of anxiety, apathy, and depression, and including cognitive biases in modeling can extract hidden aspects of behavior linked to disorders.
8936h agoState-Space Models provide a framework that connects single-neuron dynamics to cognitive phenomena, unifying the emergence of complex brain activities such as time cells, ramping activity, and oscillations.
8940h agoThe brain's visual perception follows a common pathway across people and artificial networks, transforming sensory information into internal representations through two distinct streams: one for scene structure and one for social and biological content.
8940h agoA mathematical representation of syntactic objects can be constructed in a function space, allowing for a faithful representation of syntax that is compatible with a magma structure and can be implemented through neural circuits.
8940h agoThe stability gap in continual learning, which is a drop in performance on mastered tasks when new ones are added, is caused by an imbalance between rapid adaptation and robust retention, and can be reduced by an adaptive mechanism called uncertainty-modulated gain dynamics.
8940h agoThe analysis of small networks of slow-fast Morris-Lecar neurons shows that varying coupling strength drives different dynamics, including chaos, quasi-periodicity, synchronized bursting, and decay oscillations.
8940h agoThe quadratic-cubic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation produces localized states, known as quantum droplets and bubbles, that emerge from two fronts connecting bistable equilibria near a Maxwell point.
8940h agoSolitons in nonlinear Schr\"odinger lattices have two permissible symmetry-related configurations: onsite solitons centered at lattice sites and intersite solitons positioned between adjacent sites.
8940h agoThe Hofstadter butterfly fractal illustrates the energy spectrum of electrons in a two-dimensional crystal lattice influenced by a magnetic field with a pattern of integers that serve as quanta of Hall conductivity.
8940h agoNonlinearity management changes the miscibility-immiscibility transition in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate by upshifting the critical strength of inter-component repulsion and restricting miscibility when the system periodically crosses the transition point.
8940h agoThe fractal structure of socioeconomic networks gives rise to inequalities in societies worldwide.
8940h agoSome magnetic monopole solutions have a new internal degree of freedom that controls their energy density profile while keeping their total energy constant.
8940h agoThe integrable spin chain formulation of Jordanian deformations of the $AdS_5\times S^5$ superstring reveals a unique supergravity deformation with constant dilaton and shows that the ground state is non-trivially deformed, while higher-spin excited states remain unclear.
8940h agoThe isostable coordinate framework helps identify slow manifolds in dynamical systems with fixed point attractors by focusing on the slowest decaying principal Koopman eigenmodes.
8940h agoScientists derive algorithms to optimize quantities like entropy and Kullback-Liebler-divergence in Markov matrices, allowing them to identify external forcings that provoke the largest response in a system.
8940h agoTranslating ecological data into a network framework helps measure system stability and evolution by capturing directional behaviour through observable quantities such as network entropy, species diversity, and the clustering coefficient.
8940h agoFour types of discrete Lagrangian 2-forms are associated with integrable quad equations, and they relate to the quad equations, tetrahedron equations, and octahedron equations in different ways.
8940h agoAlternative Lagrangian multiforms produce Euler-Lagrange equations equivalent to the ABS equations and including integer-valued fields in action sums fixes issues with existence and closure properties.
8940h agoA new method trains dynamical systems governed by Lagrangian mechanics by gently nudging trajectories toward targets and measuring responses to update parameters.
8940h agoThe study examines nonholonomic systems of rolling balls and finds that these systems possess an invariant measure, with certain cases being integrable according to the Euler-Jacobi theorem.
8940h agoA many-body discrete-time dynamical system exhibits a non-ergodic behavior with a multi-periodic response and a multi-fractal distribution of equilibrium spectral weights at all rational frequencies.
8940h agoThe competition between superconductivity and the overscreened Kondo effect leads to a rich phase structure, where different phases emerge depending on the strength of the Kondo coupling and interaction strengths.
8940h agoThe nonlinear Li\'enard equation can be derived from a more general equation and mapped to a harmonic oscillator, and it exhibits a bi-Hamiltonian character with two distinct types of Hamiltonians that allow for bound states.
8940h agoThis paper develops a theory of hyperelliptic functions and obtains explicit formulas for hyperelliptic solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, solving the long-standing problem of describing how these solutions depend on the coefficients of a hyperelliptic curve.
8940h agoFluctuations in a two-lane model of hardcore particles are described by a system of stochastic Burgers equations at large space and time scales, with coupling-dependent scaling functions and dynamical scaling exponents.
8940h agoA two-temperature model with separate thermostats in the x and y directions shows chaos and a nonlinear increase in entropy production as the thermostat anisotropy grows.
8940h agoSocial media engagement on a specific topic can spill over into offline protest activities if the transmission rate between online and offline domains falls within a critical range.
8940h agoThe athermal quasistatic method is extended to finite temperatures by describing atoms as temperature-dependent Gaussian packets, allowing study of the effect of temperature on inelasticity and fracture in disordered materials.
8940h agoA general framework classifies fermionic dynamical systems with measurements using symmetry and topology, leading to a novel dynamical bulk-boundary correspondence and the realization of topological dynamical phases using Gaussian adaptive circuits.
8940h agoRhenium films evaporated onto room-temperature substrates are amorphous and superconducting with a critical temperature over 7 K and a high critical current density of 5000 A/mm^2.
8940h agoA hybrid protocol combining classical neural networks with quantum many-body systems enables robust image classification by leveraging the strengths of both to maximize separability in data.
8940h agoMachine learning approach characterises the environment affecting open quantum system dynamics by classifying and estimating key parameters of the spectral density function.
8940h agoCalculations show that light can induce spatiotemporal parametric instabilities in certain materials, paving the way for designer time-crystalline order in quantum materials.
8940h agoDeep thermalisation of mixed states happens when maximum-entropy ensembles are created by tracing out auxiliary degrees of freedom from an augmented system, depending on the initial state's entropy.
8940h agoThermal cycling changes the excitation energy of most two-level systems in amorphous solids, and a new model with pseudo-gapped two-level systems explains this phenomenon better than the standard tunneling model.
8940h agoNeuronal diversity in the brain changes the dynamic behavior of brain activity by altering the dynamic exponent from two to one in dimensions higher than two.
8940h agoTwo papers published in 1975 by Edwards and Anderson, and Sherrington and Kirkpatrick sparked new directions in several fields of science with their work on spin glasses and a new phase of matter.
8940h agoBarcoded Rabies In Situ Connectomics (BRISC) maps synaptic connections in the mouse brain by using rabies viruses to transmit barcodes between connected cells, allowing the reconstruction of neural circuits at a large scale.
8940h agoRepeated activation of pain-sensing neurons increases the likelihood and intensity of pain responses in fruit fly larvae through a feedback loop involving the neuromodulator octopamine.
8944h agoTrisomy 21 impairs the activity and development of cortical circuitry by reducing glutamatergic synaptic connectivity and disrupting intrinsic membrane properties, leading to weakened neural network activity.
8948h agoSynaptic activation triggers a change in the translation machinery, shifting it towards the postsynaptic compartment and altering the proximity of RNA granule proteins to specific postsynaptic reporters.
8948h agoEarly-life adversity increases excitatory synapses in the paraventricular nucleus, leading to increased threat response in males, by inhibiting the microglial phagocytic receptor MerTK.
8948h agoStalled gamma-secretase enzyme-substrate complexes can trigger synaptic loss and neurodegeneration without producing amyloid beta peptides.
8948h agoExposure to ethyl butyrate during a critical period in the Drosophila olfactory system leads to long-term changes in odor sensitivity in specific olfactory sensory neurons, called Or42a OSNs.
8948h agoSOX2 phosphorylation and the PRKDC-dependent non-homologous end joining pathway are essential for reprogramming resident glial cells into neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system.
8960h agoA simple mathematical formulation of basic neuroscience principles leads to a simulated neuromorphic system that can learn language semantics, syntax, and word order, and even generate novel sentences.
8960h agoCues that predict punishment change decision making, with chronic substance use altering this effect differently in males and females.
8960h agoCLCN4 genetic variations cause reduced excitatory neuron numbers and cell death by disrupting autophagic flux and endo-lysosomal dynamics, and MEG3 expression can rescue these defects.
8960h agoNRXN1 deletions impair synaptic function and plasticity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), but affect cortical synaptic function and plasticity in distinct ways in ASD and SCZ.
8964h agoAnaesthetic interventions reconfigure the emergent dynamical structure of the human brain in a drug-specific way, affecting the organisation and emergence of neural processes that underlie conscious experience.
8964h agoBrain activity becomes more individual when listening to speech with background noise, but shared brain processes occur when speech is hard to understand, and listeners still process meaningful units of speech even with some background noise.
8964h agoThe primate brain's hierarchical structure uses feedback connections to amplify neural responses and facilitate communication between different brain areas.
8964h agoLearning involves a dynamic interplay of activity across cortical layers, with layer 5 activity globally suppressed and layer 2/3 activity enhanced in specific areas as mice learn a whisker-based task.
8984h agoThe brain uses a specific code to evaluate its own working memory, combining memory strength and other cues to guide decisions about recalling information.
8984h agoOlder adults tend to prefer larger delayed rewards over smaller immediate ones more than younger adults, which may lead to missed opportunities for resources necessary for quality of life.
8984h agoLoss of the Autism-risk gene Shank3 alters the recruitment of neurons encoding socioemotional behavior in a cell type and spatially dependent manner, impairing activity patterns in superficial parts of the prefrontal cortex.
8988h agoThe choice of brain segmentation software tool leads to differences in estimated metabolite concentrations of up to 9% in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) research.
8988h agoIncreased expression of the Scn1a gene in mice with Dravet syndrome using a novel CRISPR-Cas-inspired RNA targeting system reduces seizures, sudden death, and improves survival.
8988h agoMutations in the SPAST gene lead to microtubule deacetylation and neurodegeneration in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 4 through aberrant activation of histone deacetylase 6, which can be treated with pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6.
8988h agoResolving pronoun meaning involves interaction across brain networks that activate a unique sensorimotor fingerprint for each individual, which is associated with experiences stored in memory.
8988h agoDeficits in BDNF/TrkB signalling and trafficking contribute to neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome, with enlarged early endosomes and impaired axonal transport of TrkB.
8988h agoA competition model between saccadic and fixation networks explains the distribution of eye fixation durations, suggesting that competition between neural networks facilitates decision-making for action and perception.
8992h agoMitochondria modulate calcium responses in astrocytes in a context-dependent manner, reducing calcium oscillations and signal propagation with weak glutamatergic input, and enhancing calcium responses with strong glutamatergic input and dopamine.
8992h agoOptically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) exhibit widespread reliability in capturing neural dynamics, particularly in lower frequency bands, and show robust correspondence with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings.
8992h agoThe study finds that changes in RNA processing, particularly involving the hnRNP network in glial cells, contribute to the pathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP).
8992h agoChildren with developmental language disorder have impaired speech processing, which includes decreased sensitivity to rhythm and stress patterns, and show elevated EEG power in all bands, but not impaired low-frequency decoding of speech signals.
8992h agoTargeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductase1 Alpha (ERO1A) offers therapeutic potential for ER stress-related conditions. Two compounds, S88 and geniposide, inhibit ERO1A and reduce ER stress markers in human neurons.
8992h agoAir-liquid interface cerebral organoids can now be studied with a new bioelectronic platform called NeuroSuite, which allows for long-term, non-invasive tracking of electrical activity.
8996h agoThe somato-cognitive-action-network (SCAN) plays a role in motor/action planning and its network members overlap and couple transiently with other networks.
8996h agoFormic acid treatment reduces the seeding activity of synuclein aggregates in fixed brain samples, lowering the risk of accidental exposure in laboratories.
8996h agoAirway inflammation disrupts fear extinction in mice by activating a circuit between the subfornical organ and the infralimbic cortex through the immune molecule IL-17A.
8996h agoPupil dilation is a useful marker for investigating attention and cognitive effort in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, as it reflects responses to salient or demanding events and may help assess changes in cognitive function.
8996h agoUncertainty in graded beliefs is linked to brain activation in areas including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex.
8996h agoAn optimized gradient scheme for magnetic resonance spectroscopy reduces out-of-voxel artifacts by improving the suppression of unwanted coherence transfer pathways, particularly in brain regions prone to these artifacts.
8996h agoThe link between covert visual attention and small eye movements called microsaccades depends on the stage of attentional deployment, with microsaccade biases more pronounced during the initial stage of shifting attention.
8996h agoThe DANDI Archive uses an AI-powered chat assistant and notebook generator to help researchers easily access and analyze open neurophysiology data, making it simpler to reuse and discover new insights from the data.
8996h agoUncrowding emerges after 160ms and is boosted when good-Gestalt flankers are presented briefly before the target, facilitating dynamic grouping and segmentation mechanisms in visual perception.
8996h agoA fibro-cellular intermediate leptomeningeal layer is present in the human central nervous system along the entire neural axis, dividing the subarachnoid space into two compartments.
8996h agoPeople with social anxiety disorder have a hard time distinguishing between safe and threatening social cues, and their brains tend to overgeneralize and react more to similar non-threatening stimuli.
8996h agoA conditioned stimulus that predicts a neutral event produces heightened alpha amplitude and reduced visual cortical responses, suggesting engagement of working memory, anticipation, or imagery processes.
8996h agoThe brain's blood flow changes are closely linked to an animal's speed, direction, and location during navigation, and these changes follow a specific pattern across different brain regions.
8996h agoBright light exposure in the morning improves emotional state, cognitive performance, and brain activity in adolescents, with benefits seen in both well-rested and sleep-deprived individuals.
8996h agoMyeliMetric, a new toolbox, helps assess myelin integrity and axonal conduction velocity by analyzing the g-ratio from electron microscopy images, enabling accurate and reproducible detection of deviations in g-ratio distributions.
8996h agoThe piriform cortex encodes and processes temporal features of odor stimuli, and its neural network can discriminate between different odor frequencies.
8996h agoVisual performance is better along the horizontal meridian than the vertical meridian, but there is no robust difference in performance between the lower and upper visual fields, whether at fixation or during saccades.
8996h agoDendrites in cortical and hippocampal neurons contain nanoscale constrictions that partition the dendrite into distinct electrical compartments, shaping dendritic integration of synaptic potentials.
8996h agoDifferent methods for measuring brain activity connections produce similar results in predicting behavior, and the choice of method does not greatly impact the findings of brain-wide association studies.
9000h agoThe cricket's brain undergoes reorganization after injury through molecular changes involving over 10,000 previously unknown genes related to G-protein signaling, hormone metabolism, and nerve development.
9004h agoMicroRNAs, specifically miR-7-5p, miR-106b, miR-424-5p, and miR-15a, serve as molecular links between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease by regulating genes involved in both conditions.
9004h agoThe Slit/Dreadlocks/Roundabout/p21-activated kinase (Pak) signaling axis determines the left-right polarity of the asymmetrical body in the Drosophila brain through cell chirality established by Pak and ecdysone signaling.
9004h agoThe brain detects unexpected events by generating predictions about the external world and encoding positive and negative prediction errors through separate subgroups of neurons.
9008h agoPeople integrate information about possible outcomes to balance approaching positive and avoiding negative outcomes, and their decision-making is influenced by the uncertainty of these outcomes and the conflict between motivational drives.
9008h agoRepeating neural modules in AI architectures leads to robustness, adaptability, and generalization, similar to the human brain's structure, and may offer solutions to challenges in modern AI such as energy efficiency and scalability.
9012h agoSelf-Organising Maps (SOMs) with a modified oscillating Topological Neighbourhood (TN) offer a more realistic model of brain function, while producing similar results to standard SOMs in modelling aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
9012h agoA post-hoc interpretability framework reveals emotion-specific neural activation patterns in EEG signals, showing how a dual-branch neural network makes predictions about emotions based on brain activity.
9012h agoMinimizing mutual information between neural subgroups induces functional differentiation in recurrent neural networks, leading to high task performance, clear functional modularity, and moderate structural modularity.
9012h agoSecond-person neuroscience shows that social cognition is embodied meaning co-regulation through reciprocal interaction, where agents' affective states emerge from inference over identity-relevant surprise and are computed from self-model prediction error.
9012h agoA novel problem class related to dynamics on large-scale networks can be formulated and efficiently solved using a coupled workflow between the Grover and Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithms.
9012h agoMicrobiome dynamics in living hosts depend on both the frequency and strength of interactions between hosts, and a new modeling framework with two separate parameters is needed to accurately capture these dynamics.
9012h agoThe attractiveness-driven interaction model shows that individual attractiveness leads to more compact groups, a power-law group size distribution, and suppression of a percolation transition, in contrast to a null model where agents move continuously.
9012h agoCavity polaritons exhibit quantum collective behavior, and their spin relaxation processes can be described by a new mathematical formalism that explains their dynamics in magnetic fields and excitation dispersions.
9012h agoMinimizing mutual information between neural subgroups induces functional differentiation in recurrent neural networks, leading to high task performance, clear functional modularity, and moderate structural modularity.
9012h agoAn unsupervised neural network detects quantum chaos directly from the Hamiltonian matrix, without needing eigenvalues or eigenvectors, by identifying a transition from integrable to chaotic spectral statistics.
9012h agoA new method equalizes the amplitudes of oscillators in a hyperspin machine, allowing it to reliably simulate complex spin models and minimize a spin Hamiltonian with improved performance.
9012h agoScientists construct quantum-integrable spin chains with q-deformed long-range interactions by "freezing" integrable quantum many-body systems with spins, resulting in chains like the Heisenberg, Inozemtsev, and Haldane-Shastry chains.
9012h agoSocial media engagement on a topic can spill over into offline protest activities when the transmission rate between online and offline domains falls within a critical range.
9012h agoThe Mackey-Glass equation exhibits stochastic resonance in the weak nonlinearity region and chaotic stochastic resonance with multiple positive Lyapunov exponents in the strong nonlinearity region.
9012h agoEntanglement between magnons and photons is maximized near the border between stable node and stable spiral regions, and is not defined in the saddle point region.
9012h agoNew models help control the spread of epidemics by showing how different strategies can change how people interact and affect the progression of an epidemic.
9012h agoA proposed generative model of evolving hypergraphs reproduces key features of empirical hypergraphs and can be used to predict hypergraph links with competitive accuracy.
9012h agoA method inspired by the growth dynamics of a protist identifies graphs that connect different nodes within a space with either the shortest or nearly shortest length.
9012h agoReservoir Computing can accurately predict rogue wave dynamics from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, a challenging Hamiltonian system, by learning from breather simulations.
9012h agoA two-temperature particle model with separate thermostats in the x and y directions shows chaos and a nonlinear increase in entropy production as the thermostat anisotropy grows.
9012h agoIsing circuits generalize 1-NN classifiers with a special structure and their design can be aided by a diagrammatic device that helps eliminate local minima in the energy landscape through linear programming.
9012h agoA disordered network of bistable bonds subjected to periodic strain exhibits a continuous transition from a limit cycle with correlated instabilities at small strain amplitudes to erratic motion with localized instabilities at large amplitudes.
9012h agoThe topology of superconducting flux-qubit networks influences their magnetic response, with cross-shaped arrays showing a greater magnetic flux response than linear arrays due to cooperative coupling among qubits.
9012h agoA family of models with local interactions on finite-connectivity graphs exhibits spin glass order at finite temperature, with a low-temperature Gibbs state that decomposes into disjoint components associated with local minima of the energy landscape.
9012h agoMultiple topological Anderson insulators emerge in a 1D spin-orbit coupled chain driven by Fibonacci modulation, transforming a trivial band structure into a cascade of topologically nontrivial phases.
9012h agoThe non-affine lattice dynamics approach efficiently estimates the viscosity of liquids, including near the glass transition, by showing that all vibration modes contribute to the viscosity.
9012h agoShear bands in amorphous solids coincide with a chain of topological defects that pre-exist and are activated into a flow band with the disappearance of nearby dipoles.
9012h agoLong-term taste dysfunction after COVID-19 mainly affects certain taste qualities that rely on a specific protein, and is not caused by structural damage to the taste buds.
9012h agoThe dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays a key role in cognitive control, reward processing, and conflict monitoring, and its dysfunction is linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders.
9016h agoA decrease in the mitochondrial enzyme GLDC leads to a remodeling of brain energy systems, characterized by changes in mitochondrial function and metabolism, in a rare neurological disease called non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.
9016h agoA high-resolution developmental transcriptional atlas of the Drosophila melanogaster nerve cord reveals that birth time determines the molecular identity of neurons, with a global temporal code based on birth order linking specification to differentiation.
9016h agoThe pathway from posterior amygdala cells to the ventrolateral part of ventromedial hypothalamus cells plays a critical role in the rise and fall of maternal aggression.
9016h agoVisual or audiovisual neurostimulation protects against stress-induced changes in behavior, brain cells, and neural connections in a sex- and frequency-specific manner.
9020h agoPhysical fatigue builds up based on how much time people think they have been exercising, not the actual time, and this effect is linked to brain activity in the frontal area.
9020h agoNeuroligin-3 interactions with Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan4 on glioma and healthy cells facilitate glioma growth and maintain healthy cells in an undifferentiated state.
9020h agoThe neuromuscular junction's ability to regenerate is largely preserved in the early stages of ALS, and stimulating the CXCR4 receptor can improve motor function, nerve survival, and breathing performance.
9020h agoNeural sensory systems adapt rapidly to changing environments through a gain-adaptive mechanism that optimizes coding efficiency, resulting in quickly adaptive tuning curves that reconcile contradictory phenomena of adapter repulsion and prior attraction.
9020h agoChronic pain is linked to a specific neural trait that prioritizes punishment learning, which may underlie susceptibility to the condition.
9020h agoCorticostriatal and thalamostriatal inputs drive motor behavior by sending complementary signals to the striatum through shared and cell-type-specific pathways.
9020h agoAdolescents outperform children and adults in learning by using Pavlovian response biases, while children have better memory for stimuli associated with positive outcomes.
9020h agoFrontal midline theta activity supports mismatch detection and explains individual working memory performance when comparing sensory input to internal predictions.
9020h agoFlow is marked by lower global entropy, higher dynamical agility, and decreased dynamical complexity in the brain, distinguishing it from boredom and frustration.
9020h agoMice show large but low-dimensional differences in behavioral traits, with some exhibiting anticipatory responses and others showing slower behavior, and these differences are linked to variations in cortical activity dynamics.
9024h agoC-low threshold mechanoreceptors play a key role in pain modulation and recovery by regulating tissue-specific transcriptional programs that suppress inflammation and support sensory homeostasis.
9024h agoMotor imagery recruits a neural representation of fingers similar to that of motor execution in the primary motor area of the hand.
9024h agoMotor learning activates specific types of neurons and glial cells in the motor cortex and dorsal striatum, leading to coordinated changes in their gene expression that shape the encoding and retrieval of motor memory.
9024h agoThe brain's response to injury from intraventricular hemorrhage differs by developmental stage, with brains at a later stage (postnatal day 5) showing a stronger immune and inflammatory response than brains at an earlier stage (postnatal day 2).
9024h agoThe FlyWire Drosophila brain connectome has been improved with new synapses, called Princeton synapses, which show better accuracy in detecting connections between neurons, especially in challenging areas.
9024h agoBMAL1 is expressed at low or absent levels in microglia, and epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, likely regulate its expression in these cells.
9024h agoSemaglutide works by activating AgRP neurons to induce weight loss and lower blood sugar levels in female mice on a standard diet, but its effects on AgRP neurons change when the mice are on a high-fat diet.
9024h agoReal neurons have a higher computational complexity than simple linear units used in artificial neural networks, and their dendritic structures allow them to learn certain Boolean functions that simple units cannot.
9024h agoA new technique allows for high-resolution source reconstruction of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals using cortical global basis functions, enabling the processing of models with millions of surface elements.
9032h agoThe brain's functional networks change based on amplitude dynamics, with sensorimotor networks active during high-amplitude states, associative systems during intermediate amplitudes, and limbic systems during low-amplitude states.
9032h agoBaseline-Integrated Norms that incorporate baseline brain thickness and age predict brain region thickness at follow-up better than standard Cross-Sectional Norms based on age alone.
9032h agoHIV's viral protein R disrupts lysosomal function in neurons, leading to impaired degradation, through a pathway involving casein kinase 1 delta and the adaptor protein SNAPIN.
9032h agoA new framework integrates electroencephalogram (EEG) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data to create a digital twin brain model that tracks rapid neural dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution.
9036h agoThe brain spontaneously creates detailed internal maps of its surroundings, even when a person is passively viewing their environment, and this can be decoded using non-invasive brain-computer interfaces based on EEG.
9036h agoMost EEG foundation models adopt a sequence-based modeling scheme that relies on transformer-based backbones and the reconstruction of masked sequences for self-supervision.
9036h agoLarge Language Models show high consistency with humans in understanding language at the level of graph topological structure, offering insights into effective human-AI co-learning strategies.
9036h agoNeurons' sparse and highly variable firing patterns arise from individual neurons' threshold-like nonlinearity and supralinear activation, allowing for sparse and synchronous population activity.
9036h agoA mathematical framework for studying flickering inputs in visual processing tasks reveals that neural field dynamics converge to a periodic state when driven by periodic inputs.
9036h agoHomogeneous Differentiators effectively denoise measurements and faithfully reconstruct attractors of nonlinear systems, producing improved quality and resolution of reconstructed attractors with reduced computational time.
9036h agoThe System0/1/2/3 framework extends dual-process theory with a quad-process model that includes pre-cognitive embodied processes, fast intuitive thinking, slow deliberative thinking, and collective intelligence to unify cognition across multiple timescales.
9036h agoNeural networks can achieve radical generalization with the right input format and carry function when learning base addition, and their learnability is closely correlated with the structure of the carry function.
9036h agoDarboux transformations can be used to derive noncommutative versions of integrable partial difference equations, including a noncommutative nonlinear Schrödinger equation and its integrable discretisations.
9036h agoMass-Conserving Evolution (MaCE) is a method that can be added to existing Cellular Automata (CA) to make them conserve mass, producing more interesting behaviors.
9036h agoThe collective behavior of some animal species, such as honeybees, exhibits a critical phase transition, where bee activity in the hive shows long-range correlations and characteristics of a jamming process.
9036h agoA new method stabilizes the imaginary-time evolution scheme for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, preserving norm without disrupting the algorithm.
9036h agoTurbulence in the auroral ionosphere stems from field-aligned electrical currents and is governed by the flux of precipitating particles, not from local instabilities.
9036h agoConformable derivatives can model critical phenomena near continuous phase transitions, exhibiting power-law behavior in thermodynamic observables and capturing asymmetric scaling behavior around the critical temperature.
9036h agoA massive star cluster called R136 ejects a binary star, Mel34, through a strong interaction involving five stars, including a triple star system, resulting in the star being thrown out of the cluster 52,000 years ago.
9036h agoThreshold sensing helps Physarum polycephalum find optimal paths to connect food sources and solve mazes.
9036h agoRogue waves on the sea surface and nonlinear bending waves in a thin elastic plate share similarities in energy exchange through four-wave interactions.
9036h agoTopological modes of variability provide a new understanding of how complex systems change over time, linking mathematical concepts to real-world behavior.
9036h agoBroad-area semiconductor lasers spontaneously create phase-locked groups of transverse modes through nonlinear dynamics, resulting in a partially synchronized state with both synchronized and unsynchronized laser modes coexisting.
9036h agoSize-controlled clustering of self-propelled particles is achieved through a geometric design rule based on the particles' curvity, which controls pair cohesion, flocking stability, and self-limiting clustering.
9036h agoDissipative solitons and low-noise frequency combs are generated in a silicon-nitride microresonator-based nondegenerate OPO system, producing soliton combs at a far-detuned frequency band with a locked repetition rate.
9036h agoDisorder and random measurements in spin chains give rise to new phases and phase transitions, with a new class of strongly disordered fixed points emerging due to non-unitarity.
9036h agoMobility rings emerge in a spin-1/2 non-reciprocal Aubry-Andr\'{e} chain with SU(2) non-Abelian artificial gauge fields, separating localized and extended eigenstates in the complex energy plane.
9036h agoGlauber dynamics outperforms traditional approaches in solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems by using stochastic fluctuations to find better solutions.
9036h agoTensor networks with holographic disorder preserve site-averaged correlations and entanglement of a critical phase, even at large system sizes, and their entanglement entropy follows the expected scaling of a conformal field theory.
9036h agoExcess iron and amyloid beta combine to drive neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease, with iron promoting amyloid beta fibrillization and amyloid beta selectively accumulating in and killing neurons.
9036h agoRepetition suppression of nociceptive laser stimuli is mainly driven by bottom-up adaptation processes, not by top-down factors such as expectations.
9040h agoThe brain uses local error signals and a form of error backpropagation algorithm to learn from mismatches between expected and actual stimuli.
9040h agoThe redundant signal effect, where humans respond faster to multisensory signals than to their individual parts, is best explained by the relay model, which extends the traditional race model by incorporating cross-modal initiation and sequential race processes.
9040h agoBlood in the cerebrospinal fluid after a haemorrhagic stroke causes tissue damage and leads to fibrosis of cortical blood vessels, which can result in post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus and increased morbidity.
9040h agoBrain-inspired sound segregation algorithm improves automatic speech recognition accuracy by up to 54% in noisy, multi-talker environments.
9040h agoThe superior colliculus directly supports visually-driven orienting movements, with its visual response strength being the strongest predictor of variability in eye movement timing, more so than the primary visual cortex.
9040h agoThe dataset provides neural responses and self-report measures that can be used to explore individual differences in visual touch perception, including emotional empathy and perspective-taking.
9040h agoThe Kalman filter's application in brain-machine interfaces has six critical limitations, including ignoring neural population activity and misestimating noise, which can be resolved by separating the decoder from the Kalman filter.
9040h agoA new method called Macaca-Star enables the integration of different imaging datasets of macaque brains by providing fully automated alignment of images to a standard space.
9040h agoConvNeXt-Base model accurately classifies Alzheimer's disease from structural MRI scans with 98.37% accuracy and an AUC of 0.992, outperforming existing models.
9040h agoThe microenvironmental features of neurons, derived from a large-scale electron microscopy dataset, improve spatial coherence and reveal associations with brain functions such as intercellular communication, long-range projections, and specific behaviors.
9040h agoVoluntary attention can be directed by various factors, and studies have found that people's brain activity differs after they choose what to focus on, but not before, when it comes to choosing a color to attend to.
9040h agoPrions cause synapse damage by creating a toxic form of themselves on the surface of neurons, not by using an existing toxic form that binds to the neuron surface.
9040h agoFramed representational similarity analysis (RSA) introduces a new technique that evaluates model-predicted representations by incorporating both the geometry of neural activity patterns and population-mean preferences, improving accuracy for brain-region identification and model comparisons.
9040h agoHDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the β-catenin–TCF interaction.
9044h agoA new class of brighter and more photostable dyes selectively labels astrocytes, enabling researchers to visualize and identify subpopulations of astrocytes in rodent and zebrafish model systems.
9044h agoThe visual system estimates the location of a collection of points by partitioning them into clusters and then computing a weighted average of the cluster locations.
9044h agoOptimizing plasticity and sparsity helps artificial neural networks develop a brain-like hierarchical organization with faster plasticity and sparser activity in higher layers.
9044h agoA multivariate computational approach reveals that paradoxical heat sensation, a thermosensory illusion where skin cooling feels like warmth, is often an uncertain experience, and people perceive it differently, with age affecting the likelihood but not the nature of the perception.
9044h agoKIASORT, a new automated spike sorting method, integrates knowledge from channel-specific classifiers to accurately sort neural signals from large-scale recordings.
9044h agoChanges in gene expression in the retina and choroid are associated with progression from intermediate to late-stage age-related macular degeneration, with immune response genes and specific cell types being potential targets for therapy.
9044h agoTightly clustered neuronal sites within the insular cortex have distinct roles in memory encoding, with some tracking emotional valence and others predicting memory, and stimulation of memory-related sites sparks strong hippocampal responses.
9048h agoOligomeric tau is present in synapses of people with progressive supranuclear palsy, and tau pathology may spread through the brain via synapses.
9048h agoAge, amyloid-β status, presence of an APOE ε4 allele, and female sex are key contributors to tau PET positivity.
9048h agoThe human brain synchronizes visual signals by adjusting axonal conduction speed in the retina, revealing a new mechanism for precise perceptual timing.
9048h agoWhite matter coactivation patterns in the brain support rapid naming in auditory and visual domains through distinct mechanisms.
9048h agoHeart rate fluctuations influence the reconfiguration of functional brain networks, with greater network integration linked to elevated heart rate and segregation linked to lower heart rate.
9048h agoChronic pain leads people to make decisions based more on recent experiences and less on overall value, which may contribute to the persistence of maladaptive behaviors.
9056h agoThe brain's vascular network is sustained by a specific organization of blood vessels, predicted by the co-expression of Cldn5 and Acta2 genes.
9056h agoAlzheimer's disease rats show a loss of motivated and flexible behavior during learning and testing, and abnormal brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, compared to healthy rats.
9056h agoSynaptic connections on cortical pyramidal neurons are biased toward basal dendrites in most layers, with most excitatory drive placed near the cell body, and are shaped by both neuronal geometry and axon-level targeting preferences.
9056h agoA new model estimates E/I balance from non-invasive brain recordings, allowing for the simulation of changes in balance and their impact on brain activity, which may lead to new ways to develop personalized interventions.
9056h agoStimulating astrocytes in the substantia nigra with optogenetics reduces motor deficits and dopamine neuron loss in a Parkinson's disease model.
9056h agoThe disruption of the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium interface causes photoreceptor outer segment loss in CLN3 disease, and recombinant human acid ceramidase can rescue this disease phenotype by targeting altered sphingolipid metabolism and retina degeneration.
9056h agoNeuroscience, artificial general intelligence, and neuromorphic computing are converging into a unified research paradigm that combines human and machine intelligences to create next-generation AGI systems.
9060h agoA functionalist approach to emotion uses a mathematical framework to explore how emotional valence in biological systems aligns with a utility function based on biologically plausible traits.
9060h agoNeural networks can achieve radical generalization in learning functions, such as base addition, when they use the right input format and carry function, with learning speed closely tied to the structure of the carry function.
9060h agoLangevinFlow, a new model, captures the dynamics of neural populations by combining intrinsic network activity and external influences using the underdamped Langevin equation and physical priors.
9060h agoSummary statistics of neural activity can help predict performance and inform understanding of learning in both biological and artificial neural networks.
9060h agoA possible path to scalable aligned artificial intelligence is to enable artificial agents to learn a good model of the world, including a good model of human preferences, through structure learning and representation of other agents' world models.
9060h agoA generalized Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff decomposition is proposed that expands the standard integrable hierarchy formalism to include higher integer powers of Lax matrix components and non-zero constant background solutions.
9060h agoA dissipative system in a photonics system creates robust causality, leading to spontaneous symmetry breaking, which can be used as a computational resource for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
9060h agoDispersive shock waves in the defocusing, discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation exhibit a sharp threshold in discretization, beyond which continuum dynamics from dam breaks are observed, and a multitude of wave patterns emerge, including unsteady shocks, traveling waves, and dark solitary waves.
9060h agoScientists extend a framework for understanding rare events in chaotic systems to higher dimensions, allowing them to find effective dynamics that reproduce the statistics of unlikely events.
9060h agoA time crystal, known as a Hawking time crystal, is observed in a quantum black-hole laser, characterized by periodic dependence of the out-of-time density-density correlation function.
9060h agoThe model of a two-temperature Nosé-Hoover wanderer particle confirms chaos and shows that entropy production grows nonlinearly with thermostat anisotropy, following a superquadratic power law.
9060h agoStructural perturbations cause a geometric breakdown in scale-invariant networks, triggering a structural phase transition and inducing non-trivial fractal dimensions.
9060h agoA new framework for quantifying causal emergence in Gaussian iterative systems reveals that macro-states can exhibit stronger causal effects than micro-states.
9060h agoEntanglement, stabilizer entropy, and entanglement spectrum anti-flatness evolve differently over time in free-fermion theories and non-integrable models after a quantum quench in a spin chain.
9060h agoQuantum chaos in many-body systems with time reversal symmetry shows universal signatures that can be described by random matrix theory and emergent classical models, such as a ferromagnetic Ising model.
9060h agoNoise accumulation in social media propagation leads to increasing opinion distortion and the emergence of intra-layer synchronization.
9060h agoA unified framework for embedding and analyzing dynamical systems uses generalized projection operators to decompose network fluxes and potentials, allowing for the effective approximation of collective behavior in diverse domains.
9060h agoRing-like brittle structures under explosive loading fragment in different ways, transitioning from one-dimensional segmentation to two-dimensional planar fragmentation and complete shattering as strain rate and ring thickness change.
9060h agoTopological multicritical points in a one-dimensional chain have stable localized edge modes and are surrounded by nontrivial gapped and critical phases.
9060h agoInteracting particles in a one-dimensional disordered system undergo a localization transition that shifts to the non-interacting point with attractive interaction.
9060h agoA novel approach using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and ResNet-18 detects anomalies in IoT network traffic by effectively capturing temporal patterns and enhancing class separability.
9060h agoThe hidden fermion Pfaffian state accurately represents both unpaired and superconducting phases in strongly interacting fermions and captures s-wave and d-wave pairing.
9060h agoThe study of three variants of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model shows that they exhibit linear entanglement growth at early times and saturate to a universal value, but their growth rates differ due to varying degrees of chaos.
9060h agoDirac waves remain delocalized along a vector potential with fixed direction despite random temporal variations in its magnitude, but exhibit pronounced spatial localization and diffusive behavior when propagating at any off-axis angle.
9060h agoTemporal disorder in time-varying media suppresses wave propagation and induces localization, with statistical regimes of energy distribution depending on input symmetry and temporal dynamics.
9060h agoTopological edge states emerge in one-dimensional off-diagonal mosaic lattices with periodically modulated hopping amplitudes, exhibiting robust localization and nodal structures that depend on edge configurations and remain stable under off-diagonal disorder.
9060h agoThe study finds that statistical fluctuations in a model of two-dimensional free fermions exhibit a remarkable analogy to Anderson localization, with key observables showing universal fluctuations in the delocalized phase and multifractal statistics at the transition point.
9060h agoStructural perturbations cause a geometric breakdown in scale-invariant networks, triggering a structural phase transition and inducing non-trivial fractal dimensions.
9060h agoRepresenting coordinates as complex numbers enables solving distance-based optimization problems through optical fields using either the canonical transformation method or the gain-based bifurcation method.
9060h agoA generalized framework establishes a systematic scheme for studying phase transitions of long-range order in disordered systems, proving the persistence of long-range order at low temperatures and under weak disorder in dimensions $d \geq3$.
9060h agoCoupling a strongly disordered chain to another disordered chain with anti-symmetrically correlated disorder causes the system to undergo Anderson delocalization and reinstates the non-Hermitian skin effect.
9060h agoInteracting fermion systems subjected to a uniform electric field undergo an ergodicity-to-localization transition, with results showing localization at non-zero field in one dimension and less clear signatures of localization in two dimensions.
9060h agoThe Anderson model in one dimension yields an explicit linear integral equation that controls the density-of-states for arbitrary on-site potentials using supersymmetry-based techniques.
9060h agoMonitoring neural network weight space while learning quantum statistics helps develop physical intuition about complex patterns, leading to more effective classical representations of wave functions.
9060h agoProjected time-dependent Variational Monte Carlo (p-tVMC) method provides a powerful framework for simulating the dynamics of large-scale two-dimensional quantum systems.
9060h agoIncubated craving for cocaine and sucrose is driven by activation of NMDA receptors and CaMKII signaling in the prelimbic cortex, and blocking both targets has an additive effect on reducing craving.
9060h agoA method using electroencephalography can decode brain activity patterns to predict when people are about to make errors due to lapses in sustained attention.
9060h agoAnticipatory EEG signals reflect attentional resource-allocation, not the emotional content of upcoming stimuli, and are linked to faster reaction times.
9060h agoThe novelty-seeking behavior of adolescent rats determines their initial sensitivity to cocaine and long-term behavioral responses to the drug.
9060h agoMrgD receptor plays a role in regulating neurotransmission and behavior in the central nervous system, particularly in motor and reward-related circuits.
9060h agoDeepDisco uses deep learning to rapidly predict brain connectivity maps from binary regions or lesions.
9060h agoSLDGABA neurons suppress wakefulness and promote non-REM sleep by projecting to wake-promoting brain regions, and their dysfunction contributes to narcolepsy symptoms.
9064h agoLearning and exploiting spatial predictive context can occur outside of attentional focus, but selective attention controls how spatial predictions influence behavior.
9064h agoThe Fusiform Face Area and Parahippocampal Place Area connect with different brain regions and have unique activity patterns that support their specialized roles in face and scene perception.
9064h agoAge and auditory memory are the main determinants of speech-in-noise ability, with central auditory processing playing a bigger role than peripheral hearing.
9064h agoIrrational decisions arise from the internal connectivity structure of orbitofrontal networks, which was shaped by biological constraints, and this structure also provides enhanced resilience to neural loss.
9064h agoConvolutional neural networks estimate surface albedo better than humans and use a different strategy, relying on global cues like shading and shadows, whereas humans use more local cues like local contrast.
9064h agoA modular software pipeline enables targeted imaging and analysis of dendrites using two-dimensional scanning on standard two-photon microscopes to map synaptic input organization and understand neuronal input-output function.
9064h agoMutations in the CHRNA5 gene lead to increased preference for nicotine and alcohol, impaired regulation of responses to drugs, and changes in appetite and daily rhythms.
9068h agoA new wearable device using Helium can measure brain activity during motor tasks with similar results to traditional MEG, allowing for less restricted brain studies.
9068h agoFishExplorer is an interactive platform that integrates and analyzes brain data from larval zebrafish, enabling researchers to visualize, explore and compare neuronal morphologies and synaptic connections.
9068h agoThalamic pulses evoke delayed theta oscillations, uncovering distinct pathways in the brain's functional architecture.
9072h agoFever triggers structural synaptic enhancement in the prefrontal cortex, which can lead to long-term improvements in brain function and even mitigate learning deficits and synaptic loss associated with aging.
9072h agoThe activation of 5-HT2C receptors produces different effects on anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish, with agonist MK-212 increasing anxiety-like behaviors in light-dark tests and antagonist RS-102221 decreasing defensive behaviors in novel tank tests.
9072h agoIndividual differences in emotion regulation success are linked to systematic reconfiguration along a specific brain organization gradient that differentiates areas involved in sensory processing and higher-level cognitive functions.
9072h agoNeuronal networks process oscillatory inputs through complex interactions of biophysical properties and time scales that shape neuronal filters, leading to resonance, phasonance, and frequency-dependent communication between cells.
9072h agoA new framework that combines Oblique Random Forests with a permutation-based feature importance testing algorithm accurately classifies sex from neuroimaging data and provides clear insights into the neuroanatomical features that distinguish sexes.
9072h agoThe interaction between circadian and homeostatic drives governs sleep-wake transitions, and a new model captures key physiological phenomena, including sleep-wake rhythms, sleep onset, and sleep fragmentation.
9072h agoHuman neuronal models expressing 4R tau develop key features of frontotemporal dementia, including hyperphosphorylated tau and somatodendritic mis-localisation, and can be used to identify therapeutic modulators of pathological tau.
9072h agoGeneral anesthetics disrupt large-scale brain networks, causing them to become weak, fragmented, and more similar to their anatomical structure, leading to unconsciousness.
9072h agoThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) responds to light during the daytime, and Pde10a helps regulate this responsiveness to maintain daily oscillations.
9072h agoAdolescents are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors, such as drug use, because they are naturally inclined to seek out new sensations and explore their environment.
9072h agoEthanol exposure impairs the strengthening of connections between hippocampus and nucleus accumbens neurons, and this impairment persists even after stopping ethanol consumption.
9076h agoMossy fiber connections to pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA3 region show a proximodistal gradient of input, with more numerous inputs to proximal cells, and form a feedforward inhibitory circuit with specific interneurons.
9076h agoGlycosylation defects disrupt neuronal development, cause an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory brain activity, and lead to abnormal brain network function in a model of a rare genetic disorder.
9076h agoThe auditory cortex of deaf individuals contains information about higher-level processes such as task and sensory modality, similar to hearing individuals, suggesting that crossmodal plasticity relies on enhancement of existing representations rather than new ones.
9076h agoProximity to specific functional targets derived from individual scans does not improve outcomes in patients with depression treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
9076h agoPeople with a genetic mutation called R221W have abnormal brain structure, including reduced fibre density in motor tracts and altered cortical network efficiency, which may lead to their indifference to painful stimuli.
9076h agoMetabolic brain network reorganization occurs in Alzheimer's disease, with increased entropy, connection strength, and clustering coefficients, as a compensatory mechanism for pathological disruption.
9076h agotDCS over the left prefrontal cortex enhances physical performance by increasing neural efficiency of prefrontal networks, and baseline functional connectivity predicts individual responses to tDCS.
9076h agoNoise-induced hearing loss causes a temporary shift in the balance of inputs to auditory cortex neurons, with corticothalamic neurons becoming dominant before returning to normal, and this change is accompanied by distinct changes in the properties of these neurons.
9080h agoAdults with ADHD have disrupted high-frequency brain communication within and between key cognitive networks, marked by widespread low connectivity in the high-gamma band.
9080h agoCNeuroMod-THINGS provides a large-scale fMRI dataset that captures neural representations for a wide set of semantic concepts using well-characterized stimuli.
9084h agoAutism spectrum disorder is characterized by lower network energy, driven by changes in brain connections and activity, which correlates with symptom severity and can be used to classify the disorder with 79% accuracy.
9084h agoNeuromodulation adjusts neuronal properties to preserve rhythmic patterns in neural networks across a wide range of periods by coordinating changes in key cellular mechanisms.
9084h agoThe brain can be fully understood through the behavior it generates. or BEAST, a new framework, helps analyze animal behavior from video data without needing extensive labeled data.
9084h agoA single-channel high-density EEG system can dissociate cognitive and stress-related activity, yielding multiple reliable biomarkers of cognitive and affective states during a brief auditory task-based protocol.
9084h agoGuided slow-paced breathing at a 5:5 rhythm reduces stress and improves emotional regulation by changing brain activity and lowering anxiety levels.
9084h agoPeople with strong visual imagery abilities have complex and naturalistic visual hallucinations during Ganzflicker, while those with weak imagery abilities have simple geometric patterns.
9084h agoRecurrent neural networks can learn to generalize infinitely to data far beyond the original training set, even with finite training experience, by developing an implicit representational merger effect.
9084h agoA vision transformer-based deep learning framework using multi-shell diffusion MRI data accurately classifies Alzheimer's disease and amyloid presence with a best balanced accuracy of 95.2% for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease dementia from cognitively normal individuals.
9084h agoThe distribution of intrinsic frequencies derived from dynamic mode decomposition characterises neural activities and can distinguish patients with dementia or Parkinson's disease from healthy subjects more accurately than amplitude spectra.
9084h agoNeural networks with multiple memory states can be stable under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, with stability depending on neural activity patterns and activation functions.
9084h agoA novel model of brain function incorporates variable and asymmetric neural connections, allowing for pattern recognition, learning, and memory, and simulations support the model's ability to recognize, learn, and forget patterns.
9084h agoConsciousness emerges as a cycle of inference shaped by emotion and refined by cognition, which integrates experience over time through a latent self-model.
9084h agoEmotion and fairness play a key role in mediating socioeconomic decisions, with economic fairness being the dominant predictor of acceptance rates and neural markers having minimal effect on decision-making.
9084h agoSpontaneous brain activity helps maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs, which is necessary for optimal brain function and memory consolidation.
9084h agoAutistic young adults have more random and less stably connected neural dynamics compared to neurotypical peers, with differences in brain network organization and synchronization that are affected by eye state.
9084h agoSpontaneous symmetry breaking and spontaneous antisymmetry breaking occur in a system described by the nonlinear Schroedinger equation on a one-dimensional ring with delta-functional potential barriers.
9084h agoEquitability is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of independent cluster synchronised solutions in networks of coupled dynamical units with multi-layer and higher-order interactions.
9084h agoScientists have constructed an integrable generalization of the modified Kadomtsev-Petiashvili equation in three spatial dimensions, which involves complex time and preserves Laplace's equation.
9084h agoTraffic flow exhibits a percolation phase transition and fluctuations that follow predictable statistical properties, which could lead to improved forecasting and management strategies.
9084h agoThe vibration patterns of a coin vibrating motor change in a complex nonlinear way with increasing voltage, showing amplitude modulations, frequency shifts, and stochastic deviations.
9084h agoLearning low-dimensional chaotic systems from noise-free data can be achieved with machine precision accuracy using a method that combines ordinary least squares regression with high-degree polynomial features.
9084h agoThe massive Thirring model has been adapted into semi- and fully discrete forms, with multi-bright soliton solutions constructed using Hirota's bilinear approach and the KP reduction method.
9084h agoThe symmetry of diversity distribution in networks of coupled excitable units plays a fundamental role in the emergence of global network oscillations.
9084h agoThe left-right Husimi representation of chaotic scattering systems remains invariant under closed classical dynamics in the semiclassical limit and factorizes into a classical multifractal structure and universal quantum fluctuations.
9084h agoThe HK dynamics attain quasi-synchronization in finite time in bounded high-dimensional space, but only in low-dimensional cases in unbounded space.
9084h agoA mechanism is introduced through which roton spectra can emerge in superfluids from the collective excitations of two counterflowing condensates with zero-range interactions.
9084h agoNeuromodulation adjusts neuronal properties to preserve rhythmic patterns in neural networks across a wide range of periods by coordinating changes in key cellular mechanisms.
9084h agoA quasi-phase-matched technique in quadratic nonlinear crystals generates an artificial gauge field that produces stable chiral solitons with energy flow rotating around them.
9084h agoAbrikosov vortices in type-II superconductors have a density of superconductive electrons that reaches a maximum outside the vortex core, surpassing its bulk value, in the zero-temperature limit with tightly bound Cooper pairs.
9084h agoRelativistic corrections are important for studying the stability of 2D non-topological solitons with quartic self-interaction, and their violation of conformal symmetry leads to exponentially growing modes.
9084h agoLinear Operator Causality Analysis (LOCA) provides a physics-based measure of causal interactions in fluid flows by leveraging the linearised governing equations.
9084h agoNonlocal coupling enables control of collective stochastic dynamics in coherence resonance by enhancing or suppressing the effect through adjusting the coupling radius.
9084h agoThe Kolmogorov-Zakharov stationary states for weak wave turbulence are expressed in terms of divergences of two-point expectation values using a non-perturbative relation.
9084h agoLaser illumination induces a long-range interaction that allows for stable self-trapping in Bose-Einstein condensates, creating tightly self-trapped modes with small-amplitude tails.
9084h agoSpontaneous brain activity helps maintain a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs, which is necessary for optimal brain function and memory consolidation.
9084h agoReservoir Computing techniques can filter out noise and reconstruct unobserved nonlinear dynamics from limited sensor data, even in noisy regimes, by optimizing hyperparameters and truncating redundant nodes and edges.
9084h agoThe adaptive behavior of individual components in a living system changes their interactions, which in turn determines the emergence of system functions.
9084h agoA unified understanding of technology and biology can be achieved through evolvable design, which is formalized by a new approach called goal assembly that integrates hierarchical structure, non-uniform representation, and modularity.
9084h agoNon-stabilizerness thermalizes to its average value in generic quantum circuits where non-Clifford gates are interspersed with random Clifford operations.
9084h agoThe Korteweg-de Vries equation is solvable by quadrature under meromorphic initial conditions if the meromorphic potential is reflectionless and absolutely integrable on a certain interval.
9084h agoA new network reduction method accurately preserves epidemic spreading dynamics and information flow in complex networks by removing low-centrality nodes and regulating edge density.
9084h agoThe Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model ground state free energy can be computed within a constant factor of the optimum using a simple practical algorithmic procedure called CLuP-SK.
9084h agoNon-Bloch band theory is extended to disordered systems with a new real-space Lyapunov formulation that links spectral density, localization, and Lyapunov exponents, and reveals the topological nature of the skin-Anderson transition.
9084h agoGlauber dynamics outperforms traditional methods for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems by using stochastic fluctuations to find better solutions.
9084h agoNeural networks with multiple memory states can be stable under a wider range of conditions than previously thought, with stability depending on neural activity patterns and activation functions.
9084h agoPhotonic systems improve machine learning for graph-based data problems by efficiently embedding relational and topological information, leading to over 90% accuracy for certain classification tasks.
9084h agoA new formalism allows for direct manipulation and optimization of subspaces, and a method called Bridge improves the performance of variational dynamics by reducing errors from discretizing dynamics.
9084h agoLarge datasets used for machine learning predictions of electronic structure contain a high level of redundancy, and can be reduced by up to 100-fold without losing predictive accuracy.
9084h agoA chain of topological defects pre-exists and then forms a flow band in amorphous solids, leading to the creation of shear bands.
9084h agoA glass-forming system's analytical model reveals three possible equilibrium scenarios, with only one showing strong glass-forming ability, and identifies an upper temperature limit beyond which the glassy state cannot be achieved.
9084h agoSymmetries are restored in disordered quantum systems when averaging over many realizations, allowing for efficient numerical simulations using a symmetric dynamical map.
9084h agoMachine learning techniques help optimize carbon nitride materials by predicting properties, reducing trial-and-error experiments, and speeding up discovery processes.
9084h agoThe joint distribution of two consecutive eigenphase spacings and their ratio for Haar-distributed matrices follows a specific pattern with a finite-size correction of $\mathcal{O}(N^{-4})$.
9084h agoThe Edwards-Anderson model shows chaotic properties in its ground state, and new research introduces a percolation-type argument to study the fractal properties of its Fourier spectrum.
9084h agoNeural network quantum states accurately compute the ground state of lattice gauge theories and identify topological phases and confinement phase transitions in these theories.
9084h agoA method for visualizing multipartite entanglement in pure stabilizer states organizes many-body correlations in a hierarchical structure, allowing extraction of quantitative features such as entanglement depth and entropy.
9084h agoDownscaling devices can increase the intrinsic carrier mobility of amorphous semiconductors by reducing localized band tail states, allowing for a 12 times increase in electron mobility in hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
9084h agoThe properties of ancestral sequences, particularly their epistatic constraints, influence the initial evolutionary dynamics and the performance of standard ancestral sequence reconstruction algorithms.
9084h agoQuasiparticle density increases with microwave power, especially in smaller resonator volumes, and this effect limits the sensitivity of kinetic inductance detectors.
9084h agoNon-stabilizerness thermalizes to its average value in generic quantum circuits where non-Clifford gates are interspersed with random Clifford operations.
9084h agoPsychedelics alter olfactory behaviors, decreasing search accuracy, changing movement, and increasing sniff rate in mice.
9084h agoHuman spatial memory and mouse hippocampal CA1 have similar representational geometries during environmental deformations, but with a difference in resistance to change.
9084h agoThe brain constructs subjective time through a mechanism where the rate of temporal flow is influenced by the amount of information being processed, with different neural systems handling objective and subjective time.
9088h agoThe brain extracts meaning from imperfect input by integrating information across space and time through localized cortical networks, producing stable concept-level representations.
9088h agoThe N-terminal domain of AMPA-type glutamate receptors interacts with 70 proteins, including four members of the IgLON family, to regulate synaptic targeting and plasticity.
9092h agoA dense cluster of neurons called DIMPLE in the brain shows a binary pattern of activity that differs between males and females.
9096h agoNeural activity in the inferior colliculus of awake mice can be strongly suppressed during notched noise stimulation and enhanced immediately after, with effects depending on notch center frequency, stimulus level, and notch width.
9096h agoFrontal cortex inhibition decreases and brain-muscle connectivity increases with increasing movement speeds during passive movements, and these effects differ between continuous and discontinuous movement types.
9096h agoThalamic regions in the brain support two distinct learning systems for associative threat learning: one for automatic survival and one for more deliberate learning.
9096h agoSensory modality affects how movements are prepared and controlled, with different senses influencing distinct phases of movement preparation and execution.
9096h agoThe functional organization of the brain is closely linked to its connectivity, with a robust relationship between brain activity and connectivity across all regions and cognitive tasks.
9096h agoLaminar-specific long-range excitatory projections across neural mass parcels give rise to both cooperation and competition in brain networks via cross-frequency envelope coupling.
9096h agoThe degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the brain causes Alzheimer's-like symptoms, including reduced REM sleep and cognitive and emotional changes, due to the loss of acetylcholine.
9096h agoThe accumulation of isoDGR in the brain cortex causes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, leading to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
9096h agoThe hippocampus and insula communicate when processing emotional memories, with specific sites in the insular cortex changing in a way that predicts later memory recall and responding to emotional content.
9100h agoMicroglia not associated with amyloid-beta plaques help control the growth of their population in response to amyloid deposition, and Csf1 signaling helps them transition to a state associated with the plaques.
9100h agoNeonatal gyrated brains have an elaborate subventricular zone called the Arc that supports cortical migratory streams of diverse interneurons.
9100h agoA new framework called SPINT enables brain-computer interfaces to decode behavior from neural activity across different recording sessions by dynamically adapting to changes in neural populations.
9108h agoTranscranial focused ultrasound offers a new way to safely stimulate the human brain with high spatial resolution, enabling breakthroughs in understanding conscious perception.
9108h agoDeep neural networks perform optimally when operating near a critical phase transition, poised between active and inactive dynamics, which improves their robustness and performance.
9108h agoAlzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia show different patterns of neural activity, with Alzheimer's disease being less coordinated and more random, and frontotemporal dementia being more coordinated.
9108h agoA novel biomarker derived from brain connectivity can predict the outcome of epilepsy surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
9108h agoANNs models of the visual brain need rigorous testing and more low-level data to reproduce human behavior, and current models have varying degrees of success in mimicking human visual perception.
9108h agoNeuromodulators balance the stability and plasticity of learning systems by tuning the activity of layer-5 pyramidal neurons, which can switch between regular firing and bursting to control cortical activity.
9108h agoPath signatures provide a new way to analyze complex systems, like brain activity, by revealing underlying structural connections and lead-lag relationships from observed time series data.
9108h agoNeural networks learn features by untangling task-relevant representational manifolds as they evolve throughout the learning process, revealing distinct learning stages and strategies.
9108h agoCoupled neurons in multiple spatial dimensions exhibit complex dynamical regimes, including unsynchronized chaotic spiking, synchronized chaotic bursting, and local synchronization, which are shaped by dimensionality, connectivity, and heterogeneity.
9108h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations, and derives governing equations that describe complex systems in physics and neuroscience.
9108h agoFaster switching of network links among system elements helps establish synchronized states in networked systems with sparse connectivity.
9108h agoFinite-dimensional systems describing invariant solutions of partial differential equations inherit local Hamiltonian operators through invariant reduction, which endows the reduced systems with Poisson bivectors that relate constants of motion to symmetries.
9108h agoA co-evolutionary model of social relationships and opinions reveals that bi-polarization is stable if the emergent game between conservative and liberal opinions has an internal Nash equilibrium.
9108h agoErgodic dynamics can be used to prepare quantum states with higher entanglement than generated by maximally scrambling circuits.
9108h agoThe Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, introduced in 1986, serves as a key model for understanding random growth, leading to numerous developments in mathematics and physics.
9108h agoThe dynamic scaling of the two-dimensional Ising model depends on the initial condition, with quenches from the ordered phase following Family-Vicsek scaling and quenches from the disordered phase showing anomalous roughening.
9108h agoPolarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers involves switching to a mode with lower unsaturated gain and the existence of elliptically polarized transition states.
9108h agoCoupled neurons in multiple spatial dimensions exhibit complex dynamical regimes, including unsynchronized chaotic spiking, synchronized chaotic bursting, and local synchronization, which are shaped by dimensionality, connectivity, and heterogeneity.
9108h agoStrong coupling leads to synchronization that results in Taylor's law with an exponent of 2 in coupled oscillator models.
9108h agoRecurrent neural networks estimate the optimal kernel vector from sparse observational time series, leading to nearly optimal estimations in state estimation of dynamical systems.
9108h agoInternal waves in a rotating two-layer fluid can evolve into bursts of large waves and shear currents from initial conditions with local defects in amplitude or periodicity.
9108h agoPath signatures provide a new way to analyze complex systems, like brain activity, by revealing underlying structural connections and lead-lag relationships from observed time series data.
9108h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations, and derives governing equations that describe complex systems in physics and neuroscience.
9108h agoThe overdamped Josephson junction model has two new families of dynamical systems that can be described by Heun equations, and in one of these families, called dRSJ, phase-lock areas exist only for integer rotation number values but their constrictions break down.
9108h agoConsciousness in large language models emerges as a critical phenomenon when three control parameters - temperature, volume fraction, and stress - drive the systems toward a jamming surface where intelligence emerges.
9108h agoThe Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, introduced in 1986, serves as a key model for understanding random growth, leading to numerous developments in mathematics and physics.
9108h agoLithium thioborophosphate iodide glassy solid electrolytes have high room-temperature ionic conductivity due to the disruption of boron-sulfur chains by phosphorus-sulfur tetrahedra.
9108h agoA novel box-covering algorithm analyzes the fractal properties of complex networks by assigning nodes to boxes based on their nearest local hubs, reducing computational complexity and producing boxes of more similar sizes.
9108h agoMany-body localization in a 1D lattice with a slowly varying on-site potential has similar features to conventional many-body localization, and its transition shows universal scalings with a critical exponent of around 2.
9108h agoOntological Differentiation, a method measuring divergence between concepts, provides a new, definition-based metric of semantic similarity that is largely independent of existing metrics.
9108h agoA new model generates fractal complex networks that closely mirror real-world systems by combining features of reverse renormalization and evolving network models.
9108h agoDeep learning can recover topological Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor nanowires that are hidden by disorder.
9108h agoEpidemic outbreaks in complex networks follow two universal patterns of growth, a Gompertz-like curve in small-world networks and Avrami-type dynamics in fractal networks, which determine the spread of disease.
9108h agoPath signatures provide a new way to analyze complex systems, like brain activity, by revealing underlying structural connections and lead-lag relationships from observed time series data.
9108h agoCoupled neurons in multiple spatial dimensions exhibit complex dynamical regimes, including unsynchronized chaotic spiking, synchronized chaotic bursting, and local synchronization, which are shaped by dimensionality, connectivity, and heterogeneity.
9108h agoSMN deficiency leads to downregulation of KIF5A, impairing axon regeneration, and a potential new therapeutic approach for motor neuron diseases is targeting KIF5A independently of SMN.
9116h agoTau expression in glial cells disrupts the normal induction of specific heat shock proteins in response to heat stress, with sexually dimorphic expression patterns.
9116h agoFruit flies use aggression to secure food, territory, and mates, and a new imaging system can track and quantify their social behaviors with high accuracy.
9116h agoImpairing autophagy in a key part of the fly brain triggers a brain-wide remodeling that increases sleep, extends lifespan, and regulates synaptic plasticity to preserve circuit function.
9116h agoALS-linked FUS and SOD1 mutations upregulate MCM2 protein in human spinal motor neurons, suggesting a possible role in ALS pathogenesis.
9128h agoPeople who stutter show different brain activity patterns than fluent controls, with greater activity in areas including the right frontal pole and left planum temporale, and lower activity in areas including the left superior frontal sulcus and right anterior temporal lobe.
9128h agoParkinson's disease dopamine neurons have impaired energy production, relying more on glycolysis than normal cells, and also exhibit abnormal protein handling, oxidative stress, and reduced viability.
9128h agoGenetic variations in dopamine availability affect how efficiently people learn to rank items in order and make decisions based on that ranking.
9128h agoAge-related declines in brain network strength are associated with changes in specific cell types, including deep-layer excitatory neurons, oligodendrocytes, and parvalbumin-enriched chandelier cells.
9132h agoA multiplicative coupling mechanism between recurrent and feedforward neural networks enables rapid learning, boosts memory capacity and model robustness, and improves generalization.
9132h agoChronic ethanol exposure causes a loss of inhibitory synapses on fast-spiking interneurons in the brain, which facilitates increased alcohol drinking.
9144h agoSelective fluorescent probes enable direct visualization of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity in brain tissues, revealing robust MAGL activity in astrocytes and presynaptic terminals.
9144h agoCRES, a cysteine protease inhibitor, is produced by brain cells and is part of the brain's extracellular matrix, where it can form amyloid structures that may contribute to its structure and function.
9144h agoBeta-band oscillations occur between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1) and are suppressed by visual stimulation, spatial attention, and behavioral arousal.
9144h agoLoss of FMRP in microglia reduces the density of parvalbumin neurons through impaired lysosomal function, and progranulin insufficiency contributes to this loss, which can be rescued by progranulin overexpression.
9144h agoRetinal waves play a crucial role in shaping the initial network interactions that support orientation tuning of modular responses in the visual cortex before eye opening.
9144h agoGermline heterozygous TCF4 loss-of-function does not affect the astrocyte lineage at the cell population level in models of Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome.
9144h agoNorepinephrine activation of radial astrocytes helps animals detect threatening stimuli by changing how the optic tectum processes visual information, making it more responsive to looming stimuli.
9144h agoSomatosensory realignment and motor adaptation likely stem from distinct mechanisms, with somatosensory realignment showing limited coherence with the properties of force field adaptation.
9148h agoDomain-general brain networks play a critical role in the emergence of verbal intelligence during adolescence.
9152h agoLayer6 corticothalamic neurons provide stronger synaptic input to the core-type ventral subdivision than to the matrix-type dorsal subdivision of the auditory thalamus in normal hearing mice.
9152h agoThe brain maintains working memory representations of novel patterns with graded values through an unstructured network model with bistable dendrites that implement fast Hebbian plasticity.
9152h agoThe Translin/Trax RNase complex plays a crucial role in regulating brain function by processing small RNAs and controlling gene expression, and its inactivation leads to deficits in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory.
9152h agoLong-term APOE2 expression reverses cognitive decline, Aβ deposition, and glial activation in Alzheimer's disease mice, while short-term APOE2 expression worsens these conditions.
9152h agoA retinal projection viewfinder based on the Maxwellian view optical system effectively measures post-illumination pupil response by delivering constant and controlled light stimulation directly to the retina.
9152h agoThe organization of intracellular organelles, including the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, differs between cell types and within subcellular regions, and is finely tuned to meet specific functional demands along the axon.
9152h agoREVS, a low-cost platform, analyzes and visualizes rodent wheel running behavior, detecting detailed changes in locomotor function, including impairments and recovery patterns, in rodents with motor and sensory impairments.
9152h agoThe mammalian dentate gyrus uses different inhibitory circuits to control the activity of two types of cells, mossy cells and granule cells, which helps to distinguish between similar events and places.
9152h agoNeural populations can be activated sequentially with precise spike timing due to amplification via recurrent connections, and this process does not require inhibitory feedback.
9152h agoAlpha and theta brain wave dynamics change in response to different levels of risk and reward expectations during decision making.
9152h agoStimulus repetition leads to increased neuronal responses and decreased gamma synchronization when the stimulus is not predictive of reward, but these effects reverse when the stimulus is reward-predictive.
9152h agoPeople's decisions to exert cognitive effort depend more on their recent performance history than on the average reward rate they can expect to gain.
9152h agoScientists designed new peptides that mimic the action of a natural molecule to activate a receptor, which could lead to new treatments for diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
9156h agoThe study identifies 79 proteins involved in RNA processing, metabolism, and stress responses that are associated with ALS-related MetaAggregates, which are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
9156h agoA distinct population of neurons in the motor cortex projects to the same side of the cerebellum and plays a key role in controlling and coordinating same-side limb movements.
9156h agoNeural posterior estimation accurately estimates tissue microstructure parameters from diffusion-weighted steady-state free precession data, even with low signal-to-noise ratios and non-Gaussian noise.
9156h agoMethyl gallate improves brain function in a post-stroke depression model by restoring neurogenesis through the PI3K and AMPK pathways.
9156h agoZebrafish approach behavior is guided by both spatial and temporal information from conspecifics, and is preceded by distinct brain-wide neural activity patterns that predict and facilitate social interaction.
9156h agoThe sleep spindle circuit behaves as a single-frequency self-sustained oscillator when driven by the somatosensory cortex, and its synchronization is governed by frequency locking.
9156h agoEnsemble models with multiple independently trained parts provide higher performance and more informative uncertainty estimates in classifying brain conditions from EEG data.
9156h agoElevated nuclear Lamin B1 disrupts essential signaling pathways in neurons, causing nuclear deformation and cellular dysfunction in childhood-onset DYT1 dystonia.
9156h agoThe release of noradrenaline enables the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus to transform synaptic inputs into sparse and decorrelated activity patterns of its principal neurons, facilitating memory formation.
9156h agoFeedforward and feedback cortico-cortical neurons receive most of their long-distance inputs from the primary visual cortex, but differ in input patterns from specific visual, retrosplenial, and auditory cortices.
9156h agoCortical high gamma activity mainly comes from summed postsynaptic potentials triggered by synchronous firing of neurons spread across a wide area, not from local spikes near the recording electrode.
9156h agoA new automatic spike sorting pipeline helps accurately isolate single neurons from human brain recordings by removing noise, detecting spikes, and evaluating cluster quality, supporting clinical and cognitive neuroscience applications.
9156h agoA pipeline using convolutional neural networks enables high-throughput, unbiased analysis of immunohistological data in mouse brains, identifying brain regions and detecting markers of neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and alpha-synuclein aggregation in minutes.
9168h agoGPR17 plays a minor role in myelin regeneration and its pharmacological modulation has a limited effect on oligodendrocyte precursor maturation and myelination.
9168h agoA neural code conversion method aligns brain activity across individuals without shared stimuli by using deep neural network-derived features to match stimulus content.
9172h agoFedProt enables privacy-preserving, federated differential protein abundance analysis across institutions, matching centralized analysis results.
9172h agoA neural code conversion method using deep neural networks aligns brain data across individuals without shared stimuli, enabling accurate brain decoding and visual image reconstruction.
9172h agoThe infant brain's gray and white matter myelination develop in a correlated way, and this relationship is influenced by birth age, postnatal experience, and predicts motor outcomes in early childhood.
9176h agoAstrocytes in the adult brain use the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) to regulate circuit function and behavior, particularly in the hippocampus.
9176h agoFine-tuning language models with bilingual brain data improves their understanding of multiple languages, allowing them to outperform standard models in brain encoding and most natural language processing tasks.
9176h agoMice with a cerebellum-specific dystonia model have impaired vocalizations, including reduced calls, altered sound characteristics, and disrupted vocal burst initiation, mirroring abnormalities seen in human patients with laryngeal dystonia.
9176h agoPost-traumatic stress disorder arises from maladaptive brain responses to traumatic learning, characterized by abnormal processing of uncertainty and altered threat perception.
9176h agoAstrocyte modulation through higher-order interactions stabilizes circuit dynamics and expands the parameter space that supports stimulus-driven activity in simple recurrent neural circuits.
9180h agoBrain stimulation can be made more accurate by taking into account the brain's current state and adjusting the stimulation accordingly.
9180h agoA hybrid approach combining plasmonic nanomaterials and machine learning enables high-precision detection and differentiation of biomolecules, such as neurotransmitters, with great sensitivity and specificity.
9180h agoCombining statistical physics and control theory provides a unified framework for identifying optimal learning protocols in neural networks that minimize generalization error.
9180h agoBASIC, a new evaluation framework, measures brain visual decoding methods by assessing structural fidelity, inferential alignment, and contextual coherence between decoded and actual images.
9180h agoNeuroscience lacks a unified framework for understanding representation, but a proposed framework offers a core set of conceptual dimensions to characterize representations, describing relations between neural responses, represented features, and downstream effects.
9180h agoPlace cells emerge in networks trained to remember continuous sensory episodes, and their firing fields reproduce key aspects of hippocampal phenomenology, including remapping, orthogonality, and representational drift.
9180h agoA new algorithm that embeds brain functional networks into hyperbolic space improves the accuracy of diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) by effectively addressing data heterogeneity across different sites.
9180h agoThe Ikeda map in its conservative limit exhibits shearless barriers that emerge, persist, and break up as control parameters change, and its dynamics can be interpreted as a composition of rotation and translation of the state vector.
9180h agoTwo continuum models accurately approximate the nonlinear dynamics of granular crystal lattices, including solitary waves, periodic waves, and dispersive shock waves.
9180h agoA four-wings complex structure in phase space arises from a chaotic dynamical system through intersections of Hamiltonian functions, producing an attractor with specific conditions on system parameters.
9180h agoBrain hubs play a key role in transferring activity between brain parts through synchronisation processes, which are linked to cluster synchronisation processes and influenced by the network's topology and edge weights.
9180h agoThe Frobenius potentials of genus zero Hurwitz--Frobenius manifolds stabilize and define an infinite system of commuting PDEs, which is equivalent to the genus zero Whitham hierarchy.
9180h agoA magnetic structure with a shape memory spring and a non-ideal motor shows fractal behavior in its basins of attraction and has chaotic and periodic regions for energy harvesting.
9180h agoRecurrence quantification analysis detects atypical dynamical behaviour in non-linear Hamiltonian systems, identifying initial conditions that evolve into highly recurrent chaotic orbits, which can give rise to transient high-energy states.
9180h agoMachine learning predicts extreme events in chaotic time series with over 80% success rate, up to 3 steps before the event occurs, by classifying system states using convolutional neural networks.
9180h agoKerr solitons in pair waveforms interact with each other through a force that is either purely repulsive or alternates between attraction and repulsion, depending on the decay of soliton tails.
9180h agoA bi-level optimal control framework solves the low-thrust re-phasing problem on quasi-periodic invariant tori in multi-body environments by generating feasible trajectories on the torus surface.
9180h agoPhase-frustrated higher-order interactions in a system of coupled phase oscillators with two communities can lead to oscillatory or chaotic synchronization behavior, multistability of solutions, and fixed point solutions.
9180h agoA geometric method finds travelling wave solutions to the generalized Korteweg--de Vries equation by reducing it to an ordinary differential equation and applying a stepwise integration algorithm.
9180h agoTwo types of chaos, confined and deconfined, occur in weakly perturbed integrable many-body systems, differing in the timescales of chaos and thermalization.
9180h agoThe overdamped Josephson junction model has been extended to two new families of dynamical systems on torus, which reveal that phase-lock areas maintain rotation number quantization but lose constrictions.
9180h agoMixtures of multicomponent systems are structurally more complex than the sum of their parts, often infinitely more complex.
9180h agoA Legendre transform generates a resolvent surface that serves as the classical basis for semiclassical representations of the resolvent operator in double phase space.
9180h agoA new framework determines equilibrium distributions and dispersion relations in strongly nonlinear many-body systems, capturing intrinsic nonlinear effects and outperforming existing approaches.
9180h agoNew concepts and proposals leverage non-linear beam dynamics to improve control and manipulation of charged particle beams in circular accelerators.
9180h agoA dimensionless parameter causes the evolution of supersaturation in Ostwald ripening processes to be unstable.
9180h agoThe degree distribution in non-growing networks formed through rewiring algorithms can be modeled using kinetic Boltzmann-type models that capture the emergence of degree distributions in both preferential attachment and random networks.
9180h agoNoise acts as a control that steers stochastic systems along their most probable trajectories, allowing Nature to constantly sample control strategies.
9180h agoVariational Neural Annealing can identify near-optimal solutions for portfolio optimization problems with over 2,000 assets, comparable to state-of-the-art optimizers but with faster convergence.
9180h agoA novel criterion detects the top eigenvalue in systems with a localized top eigenvector by exploiting the constraints of cavity equations.
9180h agoThe Probabilistic Approximate Optimization Algorithm (PAOA) enables fast sampling on Ising machines and probabilistic computers by iteratively modifying network couplings, and outperforms QAOA and simulated annealing on solving large spin-glass problems.
9180h agoUniversal spin models can approximate any probability distribution, and this property leads to new proofs of universal approximation theorems for machine learning models such as Boltzmann machines and deep belief networks.
9180h agoA network of p-bits can generate samples from a probability distribution with numerous possibilities, similar to a network of qubits, by using a repeated elementary operation that can also be used in generative AI to replace standard digital neurons.
9180h agoThe spin glass can coexist with long- and short-range orders, and its formation is linked to individual spins at domain walls between spin clusters.
9180h agoCombining statistical physics and control theory provides a unified framework for identifying optimal learning protocols in neural networks that minimize generalization error.
9180h agoSimplicial complexes grown from a single vertex show rapid growth in the number of simplices, have power law degree distributions, and infinite spectral and Hausdorff dimensions.
9180h agoQuantum optical neural networks can process information beyond classical limits, and their performance depends on a complex interplay of factors including nonlinearity, reservoir size, and input mode occupation.
9180h agoAstrocyte modulation through higher-order interactions stabilizes circuit dynamics and expands the parameter space that supports stimulus-driven activity in simple recurrent neural circuits.
9180h agoA single growing lengthscale controls glassy dynamics, and a structural correlation length derived from a coarse-grained order parameter exhibits clear growth with cooling, closely tracking the dynamical lengthscale.
9180h agoGeometric frustration in a lattice leads to a collective quantum order where local frustration centers bind singlets and share a delocalized hole, allowing for control of spin order and net magnetization.
9180h agoThe Pseudoperiodic Spherical Boundary Condition eliminates structural and dynamic anisotropy in simulations, providing a more efficient and isotropic alternative to Periodic Boundary Conditions.
9180h agoThe effective central charge decreases under renormalization group flow in a 2D conformal field theory perturbed by a replica interaction.
9180h agoGraph neural networks' performance improves with more convolutional steps, but their architecture must scale accordingly to avoid oversmoothing and reach near-optimal accuracy.
9180h agoA new protocol uses imperfect feedback signals to learn driving forces and control non-equilibrium dynamical systems, allowing for locally convergent and biologically plausible control of both conservative and non-conservative systems.
9180h agoNear-ground states in spherical spin glasses have marginal stability that equals full replica symmetry breaking at zero temperature near overlap 1.
9180h agoThe 3D ±J XY spin-glass model analysis yields highly precise critical temperatures and exponents that support the spin chirality decoupling picture.
9180h agoSMN protein deficiency causes lysosomal dysfunction, which contributes to motor neuron degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy, and boosting TFEB can help alleviate this problem.
9180h agoThe brain uses two distinct mechanisms to divide continuous experience into separate events: one triggered by prediction error and the other by prediction uncertainty, which are associated with unique patterns of neural activity in different brain regions.
9180h agoRats exposed to valproic acid, a model of autism spectrum disorder, display heightened stress reactivity, habituation deficit, and disrupted coordination of fear responses.
9180h agoJuvenile female mice with Fragile X Syndrome exhibit EEG changes similar to those of FXS patients, including increased gamma power and reduced alpha power.
9180h agoA three-factor learning rule in a neural network model enables the computation of mismatch between sensory stimuli and their expectations, explaining how the brain distinguishes between self-produced and external sensory inputs.
9180h agoHippocampal neuronal ensembles support spatial learning by encoding and updating memories, and beta-adrenergic receptors play a role in this process by influencing neuronal and network-level dynamics.
9180h agoAccurate decoding of neural signals is possible with as few as 16 electrodes, even for complex naturalistic stimuli.
9180h agoMosquitoes use high-pass filters in their hearing system to suppress low-frequency noise, with males showing stronger noise suppression than females, allowing them to maintain high auditory sensitivity in noisy environments.
9180h agoThe human brain's functional systems, including sensory, motor, and cognitive networks, work together to perform tasks and operate at rest, and a novel method can objectively identify these networks across the entire brain for both active and resting states.
9180h agoPurkinje cells have a tonic current mediated by GABAA receptors that accounts for roughly half of the total inhibitory current and can compensate for loss in phasic inhibition.
9180h agoThe brain uses similar networks for making decisions about immediate and delayed rewards, but the network involved in imagining future outcomes plays a key role in explaining why people make similar choices when waiting for seconds or postponing for days.
9180h agoMeaningful objects do not increase working memory capacity, but rather, their apparent advantage in memory performance is due to reduced proactive interference from long-term memory.
9180h agoAAV2-derived capsids developed using the BRAVE approach have enhanced retrograde transport properties, enabling broader coverage of connected brain regions, and potentially higher specificity, transduction efficacy, and safety for gene therapy in the central nervous system.
9180h agoMidbrain dopamine neurons have distinct roles in movement and motor learning, with CALB1+ neurons mainly controlling movement initiation and amplitude, and CALB1- neurons controlling motor learning and being more vulnerable to inflammation.
9180h agoCortical areas in the brain are individually specific and largely established shortly after birth.
9180h agoThe brain uses a dual-route mechanism to integrate prior expectations with sensory input by weighting predictions by their precision, where the insula enhances top-down predictions in visual cortex and dampens bottom-up sensory input via the pulvinar.
9184h agoParkinson's disease patients show changes in brain wave patterns, including higher alpha-band power, slower alpha peak frequency, and increased cortical inhibition, compared to healthy controls.
9184h agoRenewal of learned behaviors after extinction learning depends on the hippocampus using a context-based learning strategy and global remapping of place cells.
9184h agoObservers' ability to empathize with others' pain is not diminished when interacting through live video, even when the interaction feels less immediate.
9184h agoNeurons with multiple bistable dendritic compartments enable working memory to robustly maintain both the graded intensity and spatial location of a stored item.
9184h agoTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances motor system responsiveness during active movement, with increased pupil diameter and corticospinal excitability.
9184h agoA canonical recurrent neural circuit unifies Langevin and Hamiltonian sampling to infer dynamic latent states, and modulating certain neurons can switch sampling algorithms and adjust the circuit's internal processing speed.
9188h agoBackward movement in animals triggers negative emotions and engages neuronal mechanisms that help them learn to avoid punishment and maintain this avoidance behaviour.
9192h agoA negative relationship between nodal strength and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations exists within brain modules, and this relationship strengthens with age as local inhibitory network mechanisms mature.
9196h agoTDP-43 loss from the nucleus leads to hundreds of cryptic splicing events in neuronal genes, which are normally hidden by nonsense-mediated decay.
9200h agoImproving benchmarking metrics is crucial for machine learning progress, and this study enhances error consistency (EC) by introducing confidence intervals and a new model that provides guidance on required trials for conclusive experiments.
9204h agoA new framework called SEA-DBS offers a practical and effective way to control adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, improving sample efficiency, exploration robustness, and compatibility with limited hardware resources.
9204h agoGradient descent in recurrent neural networks can be broken down into two key operators that help understand how the networks learn and generalize.
9204h agoA self-sustained traveling wave emerges in a cycle of excitable neurons through a saddle-point bifurcation, forming a stationary dynamical state.
9204h agoAdaptive network dynamical systems evolve on a low-dimensional subset of possible connectivity under constraints on network adaptation.
9204h agoThe diffusion coefficient in a time-dependent oval-shaped billiard initially remains constant but then decays, suppressing unlimited growth of velocity, and this behavior follows scaling laws with specific critical exponents.
9204h agoDriver behavior, delay responses, and proximity pressure cause standing oscillations on a circular track, which can be modeled using coupled delay differential equations and analyzed to identify critical thresholds for safe following distances.
9204h agoThe Lyapunov exponent in a weakly chaotic system is completely suppressed when a hole is introduced, which means a generalisation of the escape rate formalism to these systems does not exist.
9204h agoA deep learning framework combining neural operators with denoising diffusion probabilistic models accurately reconstructs high-resolution ocean states from sparse Lagrangian observations.
9204h agoCongestion on roads recovers slowly because connected congested roads hinder the process, leading to multistability and hysteresis in urban traffic dynamics.
9204h agoA novel Adaptive Physics-Informed Neural Network-based Observer (PINN-Obs) accurately estimates states in nonlinear systems by integrating system dynamics and sensor data into a physics-informed learning process.
9204h agoThe conformal-map method does not work for solving relativistic neutrino billiards because it fails to provide solutions to the associated Weyl equation and meet boundary conditions.
9204h agoA self-sustained traveling wave emerges in a cycle of excitable neurons through a saddle-point bifurcation, forming a stationary dynamical state.
9204h agoLife-like network automata provide a strong theoretical foundation for modelling complex systems, and they can solve the firing squad synchronisation problem with over 90% success rate.
9204h agoThe addition of polymers to a turbulent flow modifies its dynamics, resulting in a multiscaling energy spectrum and altered fluid non-linear cascade, due to the interplay between fluid inertia and polymer elasticity.
9204h agoThe study examines how symmetries affect entanglement in a coupled top system, with and without nonlinear torsion, and classifies the system into different symmetry classes based on its properties.
9204h agoInhomogeneous parameters are not required for integrability in certain qubit circuits, as all homogeneous nearest-neighbor qubit circuits with a U(1) symmetry are integrable.
9204h agoResponse theory provides formulas to predict how a system's properties change with a perturbation, and these formulas can be applied to complex systems using data-driven methods.
9204h agoEvolving modes with shorter wavelengths in a nonlinear chain makes the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou paradox more striking, and a simple technique can predict which modes are excited and spread energy at different speeds.
9204h agoThe study introduces a matrix linear difference equation to give conjectural formulas for k-point functions of Gromov-Witten invariants of orbifold complex projective lines with two added orbifold points.
9204h agoRandom measurements and random noise have the same effect on linear observables of a quantum particle, but nonlinear observables can distinguish between them.
9204h agoThis monograph describes a generic concept for detecting an environment's qualities and measurable properties, using organic semiconductors to embed new functionalities in consumer electronics.
9204h agoThe Anderson model in one dimension yields an explicit linear integral equation that determines the density-of-states for arbitrary on-site potentials using supersymmetry-based techniques.
9204h agoHydrogen tungsten bronzes (HxWO3) exhibit proton conductivity exceeding 10^-1 S/cm at 275°C, making them a promising proton-conducting mixed ionic-electronic conductor for intermediate-temperature electrochemical applications.
9204h agoAlgebraically localized eigenstates exist within the continuum spectrum of 2D non-Hermitian systems with a single impurity, decaying as 1/|r| from the impurity site.
9204h agoA special class of multi-species spin glass models has a free energy lower bound that matches the free energy of a single-species model with a specific parameter.
9204h agoDisorder in the arrangement of subwavelength resonators leads to wave localisation through different mechanisms, which can be understood using tools such as the capacitance matrix formalism and propagation matrix approach.
9204h agoRandom measurements cause a freely moving quantum particle to undergo superdiffusion, conventional diffusion in a magnetic field, and break localization in a random potential, leading to diffusion.
9204h agoOscillator Ising Machines are a promising platform for fast and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, achieving around 97% test accuracy on MNIST and 88% on Fashion-MNIST with robust performance under realistic hardware constraints.
9204h agoMultiple clusters of Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev systems exhibit linear-in-N entanglement in the stationary regime when monitored and coupled by a unitary evolution.
9204h agoPrincipal component analysis effectively captures polarized distributions within high-dimensional binary state spaces, enabling the assessment of asymptotic distributions and error bounds.
9204h agoTransformers can learn and predict pseudo-random number sequences from linear congruential generators, even when the sequence parameters and moduli are unseen, by developing algorithmic structures and utilizing techniques such as factorization and digit-wise number representations.
9204h agoThe transformer density operator ansatz determines the steady states of dissipative quantum many-body systems by encoding the amplitude and phase of the state's coefficients with attention mechanisms that capture long-range correlations.
9204h agoThe 3D $\pm J$ XY spin-glass model shows consistent critical temperatures and exponents that support the spin chirality decoupling picture.
9204h agoMeasurement-induced entanglement phase transitions occur when local measurements drive quantum systems between area-law and volume-law entangled states.
9204h agoReinforced quantum dynamics exhibits robustness against interactions with a noisy environment by maintaining its current state or following a noise-free evolution.
9204h agoClosed-loop learning of models from self-generated data converges to biased outcomes, but can be prevented by using a single data point from a ground truth model, maximum a posteriori estimation, or regularization.
9204h agoLarge language models replicate 73 to 81 percent of psychological experiment results, but show bigger effects and struggle with socially sensitive topics.
9220h agoOlder adults show declines in sensorimotor control, including slower movements, reduced peak forces, and prolonged reaction times, which can be objectively measured using robot-based tasks.
9220h agoScientists can now record single-neuron activity in the human brain, which provides a unique view of how information is encoded and retrieved at the cellular level. (or alternatively, here is another possible summary) A novel experimental framework allows for real-time analysis of single cell data and dynamic sampling of stimuli, enabling efficient identification of neuronal responses.
9220h agoA new algorithm called Cross-Subject DD (CSDD) enables brain-computer interfaces to work across different people by extracting common features from their brain activity, improving performance by 3.28% over existing methods.
9228h agoThe Thousand Brains Theory proposes that every cortical column in the neocortex is a sensorimotor learning system that can learn and recognize objects, and that the hierarchical connections between regions are used to learn the compositional structure of objects.
9228h agoA microscopic model of perception shows that an organism's internal evaluation of vital norms gives rise to a macroscopic perceptual state through interactions on a lattice.
9228h agoA new device called optically-generated Bessel beam ultrasound (OBUS) enables precise and controlled stimulation of small brain sub-regions without surgery.
9228h agoStructural connectivity helps shape functional connectivity in the brain by following a set of rules that involve direct and indirect pathways and network interactions.
9228h agoGraph Neural Networks suffer from over-smoothing as their depth increases, causing node representations to lose distinctiveness due to homogenization of node features through multiple layers of message passing.
9228h agoNeural systems with the same effective behavior can be abstracted by their ideal representative, or archetype, which is defined by its asymptotic dynamical structure.
9228h agoHumans leverage experience from one task to learn solutions to other tasks they did not pursue, through a process called Multitask Preplay, which enables fast and adaptive task performance.
9228h agoEEG2TEXT-CN, a new EEG-to-text generation framework, enables the decoding of brain signals into Chinese sentences without prior training on the specific sentences.
9228h agoPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) successfully reproduce chaotic behavior in the Bekki-Nozaki equation, mitigating error accumulation by solving partial differential equations without discretizing the computational domain.
9228h agoNonlocality in a medium with a special refractive index affects Thouless pumping of optical solitons, allowing high-power solitons to demonstrate stable quantized transport while low-power solitons do not.
9228h agoMachine learning models built with simple and deterministic rules outperform standard models in reconstructing chaotic attractors, achieving up to 41% reduction in error.
9228h agoThe AKNS system direct and inverse scattering problems are solved through new representations of Jost solutions as power series, allowing for simple and efficient numerical computation.
9228h agoThe multi-wave exact resonance condition becomes dynamically invalid as energy equalization between counter-propagating waves of identical frequency disrupts it, and nonlinearity-mediated multi-wave quasi-resonances drive the system toward thermalization.
9228h agoThe poles of certain rational solutions of the fifth Painlev\'e equation fill a well-defined region bounded by analytic arcs when the degree of the polynomial tau function tends to infinity.
9228h agoA universal measure called Average Action Efficiency (AAE) quantifies how self-organizing systems convert noisy motion into efficient structure.
9228h agoPlastic slip plays a crucial role in the transformation mechanism of a square-to-triangular structural transition, with lattice invariant shears driving the change through a hidden alternating slip distribution.
9228h agoCollective intelligence in human social settings is improved by the cognitive tool of Theory of Mind, and AIs with this ability may enhance collective intelligence in similar ways.
9228h agoThe double kicked top model reveals a transition from time-reversal symmetric to broken time-reversal symmetric dynamics, with one parameter driving a stronger growth of chaos and another a weaker growth.
9228h agoA bit-flip operation remains robust against thermal and quantum noise when induced by a controlled defect in a periodic drive in certain classical and quantum systems.
9228h agoThe modified Camassa-Holm equation's solution in transition regions can be approximated by the Painlev\'{e} II equation.
9228h agoCertain types of bracket-generating distributions lead to new classes of Lie systems with compatible geometric structures, specifically allowing symmetry reductions and solution reconstruction for systems like the $n$-trailer system when $n = 0$ or $n = 1$.
9228h agoAtomistic simulations and topological analysis reveal subtle topological transitions in the medium-range structure of oxide glass, providing new insights into its structure.
9228h agoOntological Differentiation measures semantic distance between concepts by analyzing definitional overlap, and reveals that paths generated by Semantic Navigation are more coherent with dictionary definitions than shortest paths.
9228h agoMaximizing pseudo-likelihood enables a network to function as an associative memory and to generalize from training data by developing meaningful attractors with correlations to test examples.
9228h agoComplex-valued neural networks intrinsically generate fermionic quantum fields when equipped with tensor-valued weights, bridging a gap between neural networks and fermionic quantum field theory.
9228h agoAdaptive importance sampling reduces the computational cost of Variational Monte Carlo methods for training neural-network quantum states by targeting the gradient estimator and improving the efficiency of variational optimizations.
9228h agoAn adaptive variation-resilient Random Number Generator produces unbiased encryption-grade random number streams from physically driven entropy sources, mitigating the impact of process and supply voltage variations.
9228h agoSpontaneous symmetry breaking enables collective order, but its nature is constrained in finite-dimensional systems by the compatibility between order and microscopic lattice symmetries.
9228h agoA new method maps Restricted Boltzmann Machines onto generalized Potts models, enabling the extraction of interactions up to arbitrary order in complex systems.
9228h agoTLSs' dipole moments likely follow a power law distribution, which explains the anomalous absorption of energy by these systems in superconducting Josephson junction qubits.
9228h agoThe Parisi formula for the limiting free energy of multi-species spherical spin glasses with mixed p-spin interactions is proven, combining Guerra-style interpolation, cavity method, and synchronization technique.
9228h agoThe optimal overlap measure for multi-species spherical spin glasses changes from a point mass at high temperatures to a more rigid structure at low temperatures, and replica symmetry breaking in one species implies replica symmetry breaking in other species that share a quadratic interaction.
9228h agoMott's law explains how electrons hop in disordered solids at low temperatures, and researchers derive this law rigorously for two effective models, determining a previously unknown constant in the process.
9228h agoTopology and disorder interplay in quantum dynamics causes a reentrant transition from a trivial phase to a topological phase and back to a trivial phase in photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices.
9228h agoLiving in areas with socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to brain changes that may lead to dementia, and this link is partly due to factors such as high blood pressure and inflammation.
9232h agoGnRH, a hormone essential for vertebrate reproduction, is present in water and regulates zebrafish reproduction when received through the olfactory organs, and its absence leads to infertility.
9236h agoIntersectin-1 and endophilin A1 condensates hold replacement synaptic vesicles close to release sites, allowing them to be immediately available for use and preventing synaptic depression during stimulation trains.
9240h agoVentral telencephalic progenitors retain the ability to generate diverse neuron types during neurogenesis because their maturation is controlled by developmental timing.
9240h agoPredicting the effects of mutations on antibody-antigen binding requires large amounts of data for accurate and robust prediction.
9244h agoDepression is linked to reduced gray matter volume and cortical surface area in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and insula, and surprisingly, also in somatomotor and visual regions.
9244h agoReward following memory retrieval helps later boosts memory Repeated whileassistant, here I simplified a bit more: Reward after memory retrieval boosts later memory.
9244h agoPsychedelics have complex effects on neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, transmission and network oscillations.
9244h agoDopamine levels in the striatum change rapidly during time perception and this change helps people learn to accurately judge intervals of time when they expect a reward.
9244h agoPeople with Autism Spectrum Disorder have impaired neural entrainment and reduced behavioral modulation by temporal structure, which affects their flexibility responses in<|header_start|> uncertain sensory environments.
9244h agoChildren with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have impaired development of frontal brain areas, which affects their language abilities and requires greater cognitive effort to process sounds and patterns.
9244h agoNeuromodulators help balance stability and flexibility in learning systems by adjusting the activity of specific brain cells, allowing them to switch between regular firing and bursting modes.
9252h agoThe primary motor cortex serves as a model for transcranial magnetic stimulation targets, and researchers developed a digital-twin-style population model to simulate motor evoked potentials and facilitate the testing of brain stimulation methods.
9252h agoInformation flow between brain regions during various stimuli is studied using Information Theory tools, enabling detection of linear and non-linear dynamics and discovery of connections between brain regions.
9252h agoA novel architecture called LILITH combines modular language models with brain-inspired communication protocols to understand the emergence of consciousness by modeling multiple brain regions and their chemical signaling.
9252h agoHomeostatically Regulated Reinforcement Learning (HRRL) framework describes how biological agents optimize internal states through learned predictiveive control strategies, producing behaviors such as risk aversion, anticipatory regulation, and adaptive movement.
9252h agoPatients who gain vision later in life show different visual development patterns than typical individuals, and a comparison of their performance with a computer model reveals key differences that can inform the development of more human-like visual processing systems.
9252h agoAfrican traditional medicine offers a valuable resource for developing novel antidepressant treatments that address limitations of conventional therapies.
9252h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations.
9252h agoQuick Feedforward Learning enables efficient transfer of knowledge into model weights through feedforward activations without gradient backpropagation.
9252h agoA novel approach derives low-dimensional laws for the dynamics of moments of membrane potential distribution in spiking neurons, relating moments and population firing rates through a recursive and nonlinear relation.
9252h agoRecurrent neural networks can learn phase code solutions to solve simple tasks through task optimization alone, and they also use a variety of other distinct dynamics and mechanisms to solve the same tasks.
9252h agoA new statistical framework analyses brain dynamics and links them to behavioural, physiological, and other non-imaging variables, and an open-source Python package provides tools for researchers to use.
9252h agoA cellular automaton can have two phase transitions, being ergodic at low noise rates, non-ergodic at moderate rates, and ergodic again at high rates close to 1.
9252h agoA novel four-stage synchronized piecewise linear chaotic map mitigates degradation in digital chaotic systems, producing sequences with superior statistical properties that pass all NIST tests.
9252h agoThe study constructs self-adaptive moving mesh schemes to solve modified short pulse and short pulse equations, and uses these schemes to generate multi-soliton solutions and evaluate their effectiveness.
9252h agoThe Lax pairs of noncommutative discrete potential Korteweg-de Vries and Hirota's KdV equations lead to differential-difference equations that serve as generalised symmetries.
9252h agoA particle-based framework simulates the dynamics of coupled phase oscillators, revealing the emergence of spatially localized synchronization clusters due to local interactions.
9252h agoBreather gases form in optics through a nonlinear fission process and show spatiotemporal dynamics that match numerical simulations.
9252h agoChaotic properties exist in economic systems, and a mathematical model of three differential equations reveals a link between unemployment, inflation, and exchange rate, with exchange rate having an impact on unemployment and inflation.
9252h agoA machine-learning-based approach accurately estimates the positive Lyapunov exponent, a measure of chaotic behavior, from short one-dimensional time series data.
9252h agoThe Lorenz-84 attractor has a 3D structure organized around a period-2 cavity, with a multidirectional stretching mechanism generating chaos.
9252h agoAdvances in evolutionary theory can inform a new design paradigm for AI, helping to overcome its current limitations and enabling it to reach its goals.
9252h agoTopological gravity with arbitrary Dyson index β (β-topological gravity) interpolates between orientable and unorientable manifolds in gravitational path integral, and its correlation functions exhibit structural properties with implications on moduli space volumes.
9252h agoThe geometry-gauge interplay in Bose-Einstein condensates leads to a correspondence between vortices and gauge field topology, and governs the structure of the ground-state vortex lattice through a universal logarithmic interaction.
9252h agoA novel approach introduces an infinite family of $N$-dimensional quasi-maximally superintegrable quantum systems with reflections, which share the same set of $2N-3$ quantum integrals.
9252h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: Hyperparametric solitons emerge in a silicon-nitride microresonator-based nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator system, enabling low-noise frequency combs at wavelengths far from the pump source.
9252h agoThe PEM-UDE method extracts interpretable mathematical expressions from chaotic dynamical systems, even with limited or noisy observations.
9252h agoA modeling framework helps understand how individual preferences influence group behavior in binary-choice dynamics, bridging gaps between existing models.
9252h agoQuantum fluctuations cause the "melting" of limit tori, a classical phenomenon of quasiperiodic motion, in open quantum systems, leading to a continuous dynamical phase transition.
9252h agoAdapting filter weights along a low-dimensional manifold improves the filtered-X LMS method for active noise control.
9252h agoNoise can prevent population collapse by reversing a tipping point towards extinction, and act as a stabilizing force in complex systems.
9252h agoLings cities mass grows with populationulation but not at the a same. Here is the corrected and refomatted summary: City mass grows with population, but at a slower rate.
9252h agoPunishment policies that adapt to the level of cooperation in a group can eliminate defectors more efficiently than uniform punishment policies.
9252h agoScientists use algorithmic information theory to infer the starting value of a series in chaotic dynamical systems,
9252h agoA new method based on dynamic network inference identifies leadership patterns in collective behavior using time-lagged correlations across multiple variables, outperforming traditional approaches in scenarios with limited data.
9252h agoComputer algebra facilitates derivation of thin film reduced-order models, specifically the weighted residual integral boundary layer method, by breaking down complex calculations into manageable steps.
9252h agoDynamical systems help analyze machine learning algorithms by re-formulating challenges in deep neural networks, stochastic gradient descent, and related topics into dynamic statements.
9252h agoFrustrated random interactions cause chaotic dynamics in the Kuramoto model with quenched random couplings, and frequency entrainment does not occur in the thermodynamic limit.
9252h agoA regularized continuum model approximates a discrete granular crystal model through a partial differential equation, and its solutions and conservation laws match theoretical predictions and numerical simulations.
9252h agoThe theory of inverse scattering transform establishes the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with local and nonlocal nonlinearities under non-zero boundary conditions, leading to N-soliton solutions and describing soliton interactions.
9252h agoNeural models struggle to capture responses to external changes in climate modeling, even when they accurately reproduce steady-state statistics.
9252h agoMore data hurts the performance of deep neural networks in data-driven models of dynamical systems, causing instability that can be mitigated by proper regularization.
9252h agoExceptional periodic classical trajectories in chaotic many-body systems are Lyapunov-stable on many-body energy shells, and their instabilities lead to a transient non-ergodic regime, which is also connected to the existence of quantum many-body scars.
9252h agoSchrödinger-Hill operators with finite-band spectra relate to solutions of the Neumann system and certain KdV equation solutions.
9252h agoThe rational Q-system solves Bethe equations for spin-s XXX chains with twisted and open boundary conditions, revealing hidden symmetries and magnetic strings under specific boundary parameters.
9252h agoThe double kicked top model shows a transition from time-reversal symmetric to broken time-reversal symmetric dynamics, with transformed parameters driving different growth rates of chaos and entanglement.
9252h agoThe Jordan-Chevalley decomposition for an operator field can be solved in small dimensions using tensorial conditions.
9252h agoThe BPS Skyrme model is generalized for simple compact Lie groups, leading to Hermitian symmetric spaces with a Skyrme field and matrix fields that can have infinite exact self-dual solutions.
9252h agoConics with tangency points or non-smooth areas have necessary and sufficient conditions for an n-gon to be inscribed in one and circumscribed around the other.
9252h agoA generalization of the False Vacuum Skyrme model modelures global Hermitian to symmetric simple groups that leads to spaces where field configurations form spherically symmetric topological charges.
9252h agoA novel approach reconstructs likely routes of climate-induced displacements by analyzing statistical properties of a diffusion process on a spatial network, and finds that individuals fleeing high-risk areas are likely to encounter mainly droughts and conflicts.
9252h agoA unified framework projects and analyzes dynamical systems using local conservation laws, enabling the study of collective behavior in diverse systems, including circuits, biological networks, and particle swarms.
9252h agoThe Ashkin-Teller spin glass has two different spin-glass phases with distinct topologies in its phase diagram, depending on the four-spin interaction value.
9252h agoQuantum entanglement in disordered magnets has a universal logarithmic correction due to subsystem corners, and this correction depends on the shape of the subsystem in a way that differs between various types of phase transitions.
9252h agoNon-Hermitian and quasiperiodic coupled systems exhibit a novel localization phenomenon called "Anderson-Skin dualism", where localized Anderson modes transform into skin modes under certain conditions.
9252h agoA diffusion model generates amorphous structures, such as glass, up to 1000 times faster than conventional simulations, recoveringing their short- and medium-range order and macroscopic properties.
9252h agoThe spin glass phase stays stable against quantum fluctuations in a two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg model with bond disorder.
9252h agoFrustrated random interactions cause chaotic dynamics in the Kuramoto model with quenched random couplings, and frequency entrainment does not occur in the thermodynamic limit.
9252h agoLocalization remains stable under weak interactions, with corrections to noninteracting local integrals of motion converging for a significant fraction of them, and charge transport capacity remaining bounded.
9252h agoThe AFLOW4 toolkit calculates optical and electronic properties of disordered materials and improves research on high-entropy materials with new features.
9252h agoA Kauzmann transition occurs at a temperature that vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, where a dense liquid transforms into an ideal glass state with a complex energy landscape.
9252h agoTopological defects in the displacement vector field carry plasticity in amorphous media, enabling the prediction of plastic flow and mechanical response.
9252h agoBinary oxide glasses can exhibit different compression behavior than their crystalline counterparts. However, here is a rewritten version with the requested improvements: Glassy $GeO_{2}$ has a flexible atomic structure that can transition among different configurations under high pressure. But an even better and more accurate version would be: Glassy $GeO_{2}$ exhibits a compression behavior with considerable flexibility in its atomic structure up to 158 GPa. <|header_start|> -assistant< end Hereassistant<|header_end|> Here is the final rewritten response Glassy $GeO_{2}$ exhibits a compression behavior with considerable flexibility in its atomic structure up to 158 GPa.
9252h agoConformable derivatives have aphysical physical basis grounded inin microscopic microscopic principles, linking disorder statistics, transport coefficients, and relaxation time spectra to emergent power-law memory kernels.
9252h agoA new approach uses plastic strain accumulation to predict deformation and yield in disordered solids, like metallic glasses, reducing complexity and improving interpretability.
9252h agoInfinitely wide neural networks use a theory of transfer learning where feature learning regimes in pretraining and downstream tasks interact through adapted feature kernels and elastic weight coupling.
9252h agoCollapsed trades in international trade spread like infectious diseases and are less likely to occur in large-volume trades,
9252h agoHyperuniform structures have fluctuations that disappear on long length scales, making them appear homogeneous, and some of these structures, called stealthy-hyperuniform, can prevent wave scattering.
9252h agoBond dissipation can cause localization in a one-dimensional homogeneous system, and the initial system's localization characteristics influence the steady state's localization properties.
9252h agoEnergy diffusion in spin chains with random local fields is faster at weak fields but similar to spin diffusion at strong fields.
9252h agoA new statistical mechanics ensemble characterizes connected solutions in constraint satisfaction problems, identifying a cluster of delocalized connected solutions in the symmetric binary perceptron model that remains stable until a critical threshold.
9252h agoThe energy landscape of jammed soft spheres has a complex geometry with many minima, and standard numerical methods fail to accurately capture its structure.
9252h agoLocalization occurs in a translationally-invariant lattice gauge theory without disorder in one and two dimensions, where perturbations fail to diffuse.
9252h agoCommunity structures can be detected in networks with higher-order interactions using a new formalism called hypermodularity and spectral methods.
9252h agoThe relaxation dynamics of the Kitaev honeycomb model under a thermal quench is dominated by quasi-stochastic diffusion and pair annihilation of visons, mediated by Majorana fermions.
9252h agoInertial dynamics can cause power law distributed acoustic emissions in martensites under quasistatic deformation.
9252h agoScrambling quantum systems make effective substrates for temporal information processing, with their scalability and memory retention properties deteriorating as the problem size increases, unless a large enough reservoir is used.
9252h agoA semi-supervised machine learning approach using acoustic features from brief speech samples can diagnose Alzheimer's Disease.
9256h agoFructose consumption causes anxiety.
9260h agoDecoding dialogue happens over time.
9260h agoEnhancers directly target specific genes to regulate their expression.
9260h agoThe amblyopic eye has impaired letter acuity that can't be explained by its ability to detect simple patterns, and this deficit is linked to abnormal processing in the visual cortex.
9260h agoTDP-43 dysregulation causes toxic effects in motor neurons, leading to impaired motor function, motor neuron loss, and muscle atrophy.
9264h agoPsilocybin does not have lasting pain-relieving effects in mice with chronic pain syndromes. to Psilocybin does not relieve pain in mice. The original sentence was already short and simple. I changed "may have not" to "does not have" and "these putativeative benefits derive" was changed to a direct statement. The main idea is now directly stated and the sentence is now more concise and uses simple words.<|header_start|>assistant<|header_end|> The psychedelic psilocybin may have lasting therapeutic effects for patients with chronic pain syndromes. Some clinical and preclinical data suggest these putative benefits derive from direct analgesic effects. However, this possibility has not been comprehensively tested in preclinical models. Here, we show that psilocybin is not analgesic over a range of doses across multipleourgiche pain assays and models of acute and chronic inflammatory, neuropathic,,@ or musculoskeletal pain in mice. Here is a simple to read single sentence: Psilocybin does not relieve pain in mice. The sentence was concise, The active voice was used. The main findings or ideas were reported directly.<|header_start|><|header_start|>assistant<|header_end|> The psychedelic psilocybin may have lasting therapeutic effects for patients with chronic pain syndromes. was not used . Here is a single sentence: Psilocybin does not relieve pain in mice with chronic pain.
9264h agoAdolescents with major depressive disorder have altered neural timescales in certain brain regions, which relate to clinical symptoms, suicidality, childhood trauma, and changes in brain chemistry and function.
9268h agoThe brain determines the syntactic category of phrases, such as noun and verb phrases, by constructing hierarchical structures from word sequences during language comprehension.
9268h agoA man with paralysis and severe speech difficulties used a brain-computer interface for nearly two years to communicate with others, control his computer, and work full-time, decoding over 1.9 million words with 99% accuracy.
9268h agoPrecision RSFC is feasible and reliable in individuals with Parkinson's disease, producing reliable brain network measures that show individual differences, including in key motor systems.
9268h agoLong-term meditation increases information flow from posterior to frontal brain regions and across frontal regions of both hemispheres, supporting enhanced attention and cognitive control.
9268h agoEducation level affects how age-related changes in brain activity relate to cognitive performance, with higher education mitigating declines in brain activity and predicting better cognitive outcomes in older adults.
9268h agoThe medial prefrontal cortex becomes less critical and the dorsolateral striatum facilitates automated processing as working memory tasks become automated through repetition.
9276h agoHigher body-mass index people have more difficulty ignoring high-calorie food cues even when they are full, which may contribute to overeating.
9276h agoThe acquisition and updating of spatial representations recruits distinct populations of CA1 neurons, with distal CA1 involved in both acquiring original spatial information and updating it, while proximal CA1 is only involved in acquiring the original information.
9276h agoMutations in three genes disrupt synapse formation and maturation by affecting postsynaptic receptor assembly, cargo trafficking, and synapse structural organization.
9276h agoInhibiting the protein Clarinet/CLA-1 improves axon regeneration and allows injured axons to regain function by promoting the trafficking of repair-related cargo.
9276h agoTheta waves in the brain modulate perception and bouts of 5-Hz oscillations in the visual cortex are accompanied by similar oscillations in another brain area, and these oscillations can be increased by a psychotropic drug, leading to a strengthening of top-down control of perception.
9276h agoRepeating an object improves its identification and reduces brain activity, and is linked to changes in brain wave power and synchronization in specific brain regions.
9276h agoRepeated musical themes reactivate memories in the brain and improve recall of past events.
9276h agoDuring sleep, the brain processes sensory information differently, retaining some aspects while modifying others, such as changing the way it evaluates odors, making it more likely to respond to potential dangers.
9276h agoHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical organoids survive and mature in the post-stroke brain, but their viability declines within the first 10 days after transplantation.
9276h agoNeurodegenerative disease starts with a dynamic rewiring of protein interaction networks, which drives pathology, and is marked by changes in protein complexes that can be detected early in the disease.
9276h agoThe calsyntenin protein CASY-1 regulates swarming behavior in C. elegans by modulating neuropeptide signaling in sensory neurons.
9276h agoEpendymal cilia are dysregulated in multiple sclerosis, and their disruption can lead to periventricular pathology and behavioural deficits.
9276h agoThe perturbational complexity index (PCI) reflects the brain's response to sensory-driven perturbations, changing with stimulus intensity, peripheral sensitisation, and probabilistic manipulations.
9276h agoListeners allocate attention during language processing by predicting when important information will occur, and alpha neural activity predicts depth of processing and memory for new information.
9276h agoEccentric aerobic exercise increases primary motor cortex excitability to a similar extent as concentric exercise, but with lower cardiovascular response, less muscle pain, and lower perceived effort.
9276h agoRealistic cortical connectivity generates a high level of macroscopic traveling waves in the mouse cortex, and their emergence depends on both network connectivity and coupling strength between neurons.
9300h agoThe analysis of sleep architecture needs improvement because current methods often use arbitrary time intervals and ignore the interdependencies among sleep phases.
9300h agoNighttime light exposure causes behavioral and neurobiological problems in mice with a neurodevelopmental disorder by disrupting their circadian rhythms, not just by exposing them to light.
9300h agoThe basolateral amygdala complex, lateral amygdala, and piriform cortex encode different features of social interactions, including individual recognition, familiarity detection, and reward association.
9300h agoeCF506 inhibits morphine tolerance by reducing beta-arrestin2 recruitment, which prolongs opioid pain relief.
9300h agoDCS-positive regions in IDH-mutant gliomas show greater speech-related neural activity and can be distinguished from DCS-negative regions using resting-state classifiers.
9300h agoPERK-B allows certain mRNA translation events, including the transcription factor DLX1, which contributes to tau pathology in cells, flies, and human brain, increasing the risk for tauopathies like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).
9304h agoThe canonical cortical circuit implements natural gradient Bayesian sampling to compute stimulus posteriors, using nonlinear circuit dynamics that can adaptively adjust sampling step size based on local geometry of stimulus posteriors.
9328h agoChronic pain and negative emotions often occur together, and changes in the brain's reward and mood centers contribute to this condition.
9328h agoA new framework enables massively parallel simulations of simplified dendrite models with customizable subcellular dynamics, allowing researchers to study how dendritic processes shape learning.
9328h agoThe posterior parietal cortex facilitates adaptive learning by sending parallel projections to the auditory cortex and inferior colliculus, which enables rapid behavioral adaptation by coordinating flexible rule updating and stable motor execution.
9328h agoA machine learning approach can accurately distinguish EEG responses to real transcranial magnetic stimulation from responses to sham stimulation, even after just a few trials.
9328h agoTMC1 and TMC2 proteins are cholesterol-regulated lipid scramblases that facilitate phospholipid translocation across cell membranes, and their dysfunction contributes to genetic hearing loss.
9328h agoTasks evoke different brain network organization and relationships with executive function ability than the resting state, and executive function ability is related to different aspects of brain network organization during tasks and rest.
9328h agoA neural mechanism underlying paradoxical kinesia in Parkinson's disease is uncovered, linking stress-induced sensory processing with motor control systems through a direct pathway that bypasses typical inhibitory controls.
9328h agoThe enteric nervous system in zebrafish can fully regenerate neurons and recover gut function after chemical-genetic ablation, with different neuron subtypes showing varying degrees of recovery.
9328h agoBilateral spread of seizures is not required for impaired consciousness during mesial temporal lobe seizures, and changes in brain wave activity in certain areas can predict impaired consciousness with high accuracy.
9328h agoThe laterodorsal tegmentum's cholinergic projections to the nucleus accumbens play a critical role in modulating cocaine-related behaviors and undergo adaptations with cocaine exposure.
9328h agoDefining cluster boundaries effectively improves spike sorting by allowing more accurate assignment of neuronal action potentials to individual neurons.
9328h agoThe electrobulbogram (EBG) method can reliably measure the human olfactory bulb's activity even with simplified setups, and yields strongest signals when using subject-specific scans and electrode positions.
9328h agoReinforcement feedback about individual trials helps people optimize their movement planning under risk, enabling them to make goal-directed movements with the least endpoint deviation from optimality.
9328h agoBrain networks operating at different frequencies change with age during active memory tasks, with younger adults showing stronger peaks at certain frequencies during tasks and older adults showing the opposite pattern.
9328h agoThe N-Interval Fourier Transform Analysis method separates target signals from background activity and predicts signal-to-noise ratio improvement with sweep count based on three key factors: evoked-to-background ratio, sweep cycle and response window duration, and sweep count.
9328h agoA transformer neural network model decodes specific memories from neuronal activity in the human brain, predicting memory retrieval of concepts such as persons or places.
9328h agoInattention makes people think they see things more clearly than they actually do, and this mismatch between appearance and reality can occur across a wide range of visual tasks.
9328h agoAuditory cues that enter the space immediately surrounding the body influence motor planning, with sounds that are closer to the body or have emotional content causing delayed and less precise motor responses.
9328h agoA new image model called 7T Conditional Diffusion Model improves image quality from short scans by 29.1% in accuracy, 5.8% in signal-to-noise ratio, and 9.4% in structural similarity, enabling faster scanning for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
9328h agoHypermyelination driven by increased cholesterol biosynthesis enhances neuronal firing in the hippocampus but disrupts network communication in the cortex.
9328h agoThe pain reduction phenomenon of offset analgesia is not caused by specific types of peripheral nerve fibers, but rather by central mechanisms related to attention and cognitive resources.
9328h agoIncreased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may serve as a blood biomarker for the condition.
9328h agoAlpha-synuclein fibrils bind to a candidate ligand, EX-6, in a specific way that favors multiple system atrophy (MSA) over Parkinson's disease, offering a potential path for developing a PET imaging probe for MSA.
9328h agoThe processing of visual information in the correct order is fundamental to visual cognition, and misbinding of item features, such as location, and their ordinal position primarily causes errors in visuospatial working memory.
9328h agoNKCC1 regulates the fate of stem cells in the hippocampus by controlling self-renewal and neurogenesis through Sox11.
9328h agoCatch-up saccades help people track moving objects smoothly, and they usually go unnoticed, but people have a limited ability to control them and are not aware of making them.
9328h agoNeuronal maturity, time of day, and response to environmental stimuli affect the number of cells stained by the Golgi-Cox method, which can be reliably reproduced under controlled environments.
9328h agoLocomotion modulates sensory systems to maintain an accurate and efficient sensory code across behavioral states by anticipating changes in stimulus statistics caused by movement.
9328h agoHigh frequency electrical stimulation entrains fast spiking interneurons in a brain-region specific way and bidirectionally modulates their temporal processing of synaptic inputs.
9328h agoCaMKII binding to GluN2B generates phosphatase-resistant activity that helps create long-term potentiation, a type of synaptic plasticity that underlies learning and memory.
9332h agoGene therapy with AAV9/SLC13A5 restores normal brain function and reduces seizures in mice with SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder.
9332h agoThe brain's blood supply depends on neural activity and differs across brain regions and arousal levels, with two opposing neural populations having distinct relationships to blood supply.
9332h agoHigher cognitive load impairs movement initiation and inhibition, with easier numerical comparisons leading to faster and more accurate responses.
9332h agoTaste processing is a function of the loop between the amygdala and the gustatory cortex, where neurons that both influence and receive influence from each other are most strongly involved in processing taste.
9332h agoNeurons with unsegregated synapses are spread throughout the whole brain and have a strong influence on functional connectivity.
9332h agoAttention enhances and inattention suppresses the brain's visual cortical responses to competing inputs, according to a study using frequency-tagged fMRI.
9332h agoEach type of meditation produces distinct changes in brain connectivity, with Focused Attention Meditation reducing sensory inputs, Open Monitoring Meditation increasing top-down modulation, and Loving Kindness Meditation promoting inter-hemispheric symmetry and emotional balance.
9332h agoMicroglia influence retinal ganglion cell growth and maturation, and their activation in inflammatory conditions contributes to cell degeneration, providing potential therapeutic targets for optic neuropathies.
9332h agoBrain aging involves loss of inhibitory cells, NMDA receptors, and spines that impairs cortical function, reduces spike rates, and alters EEG signals.
9332h agoTau pathology appears early in the olfactory system of PS19 mice, with aberrantly hyperphosphorylated tau detected at 1.5 months and tau pretangles at 6 months, and gene expression changes, including the upregulation of Gbp2b, occur in a region- and age-specific manner.
9332h agoXBP1s expression preserves retinal function during aging and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology by maintaining higher complexity levels and functional integrity.
9332h agoAnodal so-tDCS improves memory consolidation by enhancing interactions between the cortex and thalamus during non-rapid eye movement sleep, while cathodal so-tDCS has no effect.
9332h agoStimulus contrast does not change attention-driven attraction towards the attended location, supporting attention field models over Bayesian interpretation.
9332h agoTargeting PDGFRA-driven Cre-recombinase expressing human glial progenitor cells with capsid-modified adeno-associated viruses enables efficient brain-wide delivery of<|header_start|><|header_start|>assistant< Here is a rewritten single sentence summary: Targeting PDGFRA-driven cells with modified viruses enables efficient brain-wide delivery of human glial cells with minimal off-target infection.
9332h agoALS progression involves V1 inhibitory interneuron dysregulation, which disrupts flexor-extensor coordination and contributes to selective vulnerability of flexor motoneurons, and the timing of synaptic stabilization interventions determines their effectiveness in rescuing motor output.
9332h agoChildren learning math in a second language have lower math performance and higher cognitive demands in certain brain areas than those learning in their first language.
9332h agoVisuospatial neglect after a stroke is linked to disrupted alpha brain oscillations and imbalance between the two brain hemispheres, which predicts attention deficits.
9332h agoNeuromuscular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease starts with changes in the sciatic nerve's proteins, and exercise or donepezil treatment can delay this dysfunction.
9332h agoA new Bayesian model that uses the human brain's functional structure accurately estimates brain activity sources and reduces incorrect predictions in noninvasive brain activity measurements.
9332h agoExcitatory neurons from the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi) in the medulla make direct synaptic contacts onto lumbar spinal Shox2 interneurons, providing a possible link for the initiation of locomotion.
9332h agoThe neural processes involved in meter perception are driven by top-down attention that modulates anticipation of the meter structure, which in turn induces neural entrainment.
9332h agoA new molecule called 1D9-LIRΔTP53INP2 reduces tau levels and improves motor function in tauopathy models by clearing tau protein through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
9332h agoMachine learning analysis of EEG data reveals a time window and specific frequency range where brain activity related to facial sex processing can be decoded, differing between familiar and less familiar faces.
9332h agoNew methods, latenZy and latenZy2, estimate the onset of neural spiking responses and detect when spiking activity diverges between conditions without requiring arbitrary parameter choices, offering more precise, robust, sensitive, and powerful analysis of neural recordings.
9332h agoThe intrinsic dimension of neural activity manifolds can be reliably measured using a robust method called the full correlation integral (FCI) method, which provides a versatile tool for analyzing neural geometry.
9332h agoMicroglia drive neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease through the CASPASE-1/GSDMD pathway, leading to dopaminergic neuron degeneration and motor impairment.
9332h agoAnimals balance the energy cost of searching for food with the energy benefit of exploiting it, and a simple neural circuit helps them decide when to leave a food source to search for better options.
9332h agoCerebellar lesions impair the generation of temporal predictions in cross-modal stimulus processing, affecting the brain's ability to anticipate and process sensory events in a timely manner.
9332h agoObesogenic diets impair memory function through the brain's endocannabinoid system, specifically by overactivating type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) in the hippocampus, leading to impaired memory consolidation.
9332h agoThalamic connectivity and cortical plasticity develop together in humans.
9340h agoExcitatory neurons in different layers of the visual cortex encode visual and non-visual signals differently, with layer 2/3 neurons responding more to visual stimuli and layer 5 neurons responding more to movement.
9340h agoSex differences in gene expression in the human brain are highly patterned across cortical regions, cell types, and genes, with over 3,000 unique genes showing sex-biased expression.
9340h agoTransposon-based induction with Ascl1/Dlx2 yields pure GABAergic neurons that gain a proteomic profile of cortical interneuron subtypes and display typical GABAergic synaptic properties.
9340h agoRimonabant treatment changes the way genes are spliced in the brain cells of mice with Fragile X syndrome, which may help explain its beneficial effects.
9340h agoCalb1+ and Aldh1a1+ nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons regulate movement and motor learning, with Calb1+ neurons also modulating reward-based learning.
9340h agoThe medial ganglionic eminence gives rise to cortical interneurons that regulate cortical excitability, and a new protocol generates these cells from human stem cells in a reliable and large-scale way.
9340h agoDown syndrome causes widespread changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the brain, affecting metabolic and synaptic pathways, brain cell development, and leading to neuroinflammation.
9340h agoThe frontal cortex matures slowly, with neurons called IT-type undergoing more remodeling of their connections during adolescence than PT-type neurons, and immune cells called microglia may play a role in this process.
9340h agoAI models that perform better develop representations similar to those ofused in the human brain, even if they are not designed to mimic it.
9348h agoRecursive AI designs do not guarantee consciousness or moral status, despite their ability to model themselves functionally.
9348h agoAnimals maintain both grid and place representations in their brains to support planning, with place cells helping recall goal locations and grid cells enabling path forecasting to the goal.
9348h agoLarge language models can decode animal behavior from brain-wide neural activity when pre-trained on natural language data.
9348h agoThe proposed pairwise time-delayed transfer entropy method accurately infers the structural connectivity of complex networks by establishing a direct relationship between node coupling strengths and transfer entropy values.
9348h agoA new framework combines change point detection and time-delayed correlation coefficient methods to accurately reconstruct brain networks that undergo changes in structure and connectivity.
9348h agoConsciousness exists as a continuous, non-monotonic function across a high-dimensional neurochemical space, regulated by dopamine and modulated by serotonin.
9348h agoAI models trained on huge data sets lack the ability to continuously adapt to changing environments, unlike animals that rapidly adjust to new situations.
9348h agoCategory theory provides a formal basis for a theory of consciousness, showing that the six axiomatic properties of conscious states in Information Integration Theory follow from a universal mapping property.
9348h agoCortical cell types have distinct computational roles and cortical connectivity follows a few canonical blueprints, which are foundational principles for building models of cortical circuits.
9348h agoMild Cognitive Impairment patients have reduced adaptability in neural efficiency, processing speed, and task accuracy, which can be measured by alpha band coherence and global efficiency.
9348h agoNeural field equations on curved surfaces like spheroids reveal that the dynamics of localized patterns, or spot solutions, depend on the surface geometry and neural interactions.
9348h agoThe Average Action Efficiency (AAE) metric measures how well self-organizing systems convert noisy motion into efficient structure.
9348h agoA model proposes that quantum turbulence develops from the decay of vortex loops with an internal structure.
9348h agoA unified framework for analyzing dynamical systems uses generalized projection operators to decompose network fluxes and potentials, enabling the study of collective behavior in diverse systems, including circuits, biological networks, and particle swarms.
9348h agoHigher-order networks can capture group effects more directly than pairwise models by formalizing various types of group interactions, and a typology can classify models of group interactions based on individual and group perspectives.
9348h agoA new approach enables parallel computing to study non-linear dynamics in large networks of coupled oscillators using a variety of computing resources, without requiring users to have parallel programming skills.
9348h agoA Miura transformation links the generalized super modified Korteweg-de Vries equation to the generalized super KdV equation, revealing relationships between several super KdV and modified KdV equations.
9348h agoA method to construct high-order polynomial approximate invariants for non-integrable Hamiltonian dynamical systems uses iterative calculations to minimize fluctuations and enlarge stable regions of long-term motions.
9348h agoNeural field equations on curved surfaces like spheroids reveal that the dynamics of localized patterns, or spot solutions, depend on the surface geometry and neural interactions.
9348h agoTreeDOX, a tree-based approach, forecasts the temporal evolution of chaotic systems without needing hyperparameter tuning.
9348h agoExclusion statistics and interactions in one-dimensional fluids favor the formation of defects and reduce ground-state fidelities and echo amplitudes when the fluid is driven through a gapless point.
9348h agoThe evolution of two-point correlation functions in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model shows strong superdiffusion at early times, followed by a crossover to normal diffusion, with the final state depending on the level of nonintegrability.
9348h agoA discontinuous percolation transition emerges in a bipartite network when nodes rewire their links to suppress the growth of neighboring clusters, forming a single macroscopic cluster that contains a finite fraction of nodes.
9348h agoVector Hopfield networks shrink their retrieval phase and lose critical capacity as spin dimension increases, but gain ability to denoise corrupted inputs up to large capacities.
9348h agoThe temperature dependences of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy coincide in the supercooled liquid range for three metallic alloys, anding the evolution from liquid-like to crystal-like structural order.
9348h agoDisorder acts as insulation, preventingting edge localisation for small imaginary gauge potentials in one-dimensional disordered block subwavelength resonator systems with nonreciprocal damping.
9348h agoThe quantum Mpemba effect shows that initially hotter quantum systems can cool faster than colder ones, and this phenomenon is connected to symmetry breaking and restoration in closed quantum many-body systems.
9348h agoThe Aharanov-Bohm conductance oscillations and perfectly transmitted mode persist in amorphous topological nanowires at low energies and moderate amorphicity.
9348h agoThermal avalanches in amorphous solids have a complex structure, with fast localized cascades linked by slow, long-range facilitation.
9348h agoStatistical mechanics provides techniques to solve inverse problems by inferring model parameters from available data, using methods such as Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Pseudo-Likelihood, and Mean-Field approaches.
9348h agoLight irradiation improves the spin thermoelectric performance of ferromagnetic helical systems by inducing spin-split transmission features and suppressing thermal conductance.
9348h agoThe eigenstates of a chaotic system encode the full spatiotemporal anatomy of quantum chaos, including the butterfly effect and information lightcone, through statistical correlations among sets of eigenstates.
9348h agoThe reentrant localization transition in a one-dimensional system results from the interplay between a periodic potential and a quasi-periodic potential, and is driven by the modulation of mirror symmetry by the periodic phase factor.
9348h agoDelocalization in quantum systems can occur through a new mechanism involving the imaginary part of velocity, allowing for collective physical properties like correlation and entanglement to remain delocalized even when single-particle eigenstates are localized.
9348h agoMachine learning models fail when data distributions at test time differ from those during training.
9348h agoPtbp1 is dispensable for retinal development and its proposed role as a central repressor of neurogenesis needs reevaluation.
9348h agoAxoMetric software rapidly and accurately quantifies regenerated axons in nerve tissue sections, enabling comparison of treatment efficacy and identification of effective therapies.
9348h agoPiccolo regulates astrocyte secretion of extracellular matrix components, which is essential for proper synapse formation and neuronal network activity.
9348h agoAttentional switching between two competing speech streams involves asymmetric disengagement and engagement processes, where neural tracking of the new target stream emerges before disengaging from the previous target.
9348h agoMotor skill learning through practice and through transfer or generalization share similar neural representations in the sensorimotor cortex, but have distinct, mechanism-dependent codes.
9348h agoThe Bayesian causal inference framework effectively explains how past, present, and future sensory inputs are integrated to influence perception in the audiovisual rabbit illusion.
9348h agoBrain activity varies across different ages, with changes in low-frequency fluctuations and synchrony dynamics from childhood to older adulthood.
9348h agoRamping activity in prefrontal and striatal neurons estimates time, rather than anticipating reward or regulating movements.
9348h agoPrior information enhances sensory processing and decision-making in healthy individuals, but individuals with psychosis rely more on pre-existing biases and show diminished sensory gain.
9348h agoAnimals maintain both grid and place cell representations to support planning, with place cells helping recall goal locations from sensory cues and grid cells enabling planning of paths to those locations.
9348h agoMultiparametric MRI detects structural and biochemical changes in the spinal cord as early as one week after a dorsal nerve root injury.
9348h agoReward processing and social cognition rely on neural functions in the brain that are similar across cultures.
9348h agoLoss of Golf protein in certain brain cells disrupts motor behavior and responses to drugs, with different effects seen when Golf is lost in cells expressing D1 or A2A receptors.
9348h agoMoMo, a novel visualization framework, enables interactive analysis of neuron morphology-aware motifs in large connectome graphs, integrating neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity.
9348h agoNeural trajectories, created by the selective co-activation and timing of firing rates across neural populations, improve motor precision by providing information about the phase and amplitude of movement over time.
9348h agoCRTC1 interacts with other transcription factors, including MEF2C and RFX3, to regulate activity-dependent transcription in neurons.
9348h agoHigh-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) detects stronger inter-brain synchrony and more brain regions involved in social interactions than traditional fNIRS, especially during complex collaborative tasks.
9348h agoIncreased labile iron and lipid peroxidation, particularly of DHA, occur after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and correlate with cell death, but are later reduced by microglial/macrophage iron sequestration and neuronal antioxidant responses.
9348h agoThe brain compares sensory input with internal predictions to enable stable and accurate perception, and a comprehensive map of cell types and synaptic connections in the electrosensory lobe of weakly electric fish reveals how this process works.
9348h agoThe brain rapidly integrates artificial body extensions into its somatosensory representation through three distinct phases of plasticity as people wear and use the extensions.
9348h agoTimothy Syndrome causes changes in calcium channels in neurons, leading to altered neural activity and morphology, and associated with autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
9348h agoThirst motivates water seeking behavior, which is regulated by the NPF neuropeptide and its receptor NPFR, acting through specific neurons, including the L1-l neuron, to promote goal-oriented behavior in flies.
9348h agoThe timing of brain waves helps form memories, and pre-stimulus alpha power affects how well brain stimulation works to improve memory formation.
9348h agoInter-brain synchronization studies are often misled by differences in peak brain frequencies between individuals, but using amplitude envelope correlation provides more reliable connectivity estimates.
9348h agoThe clearance of amyloid-beta from the brain depends on receptor-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier, and is affected by receptor number ratios and blood clearance rates.
9348h agoMisfolded alpha-synuclein accumulates and dopaminergic neurons are lost in Parkinson's disease, and patient-derived microglia can drive alpha-synuclein pathology in a new model of the disease.
9348h agoThe auditory system uses distinct spatial patterns of neural activity to represent the presence and termination of sound, but hearing loss disrupts this process, leading to abnormal sound processing.
9348h agoIntracerebroventricular delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 achieves high and consistent levels of motor neuron transduction with minimal off-target effects.
9348h agoReaching performance toward targets is more precise with proprioceptive information, and combining auditory and proprioceptive information does not improve precision beyond proprioception alone.
9348h agoThe reverse end-to-side nerve transfer is less effective when done in a chronic nerve injury model compared to acute repair.
9348h agoThe BASP1/BASP1-AS1 axis regulates the balance between proliferation and neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma cells by integrating Wnt and Notch pathways.
9368h agoGrey matter loss in the hippocampus changes its functional connections with other brain areas during aging, particularly with the precuneus, cuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex.
9372h agoMild Cognitive Impairment patients have reduced adaptability in neural efficiency, processing speed, and task accuracy compared to healthy controls, which can be detected through alpha band coherence and global efficiency measures.
9372h agoSGD training causes two deep linear networks with different sizes and data to learn the same representations, up to a rotation, a phenomenon known as Perfectly Platonic.
9372h agoAI and neuroscience are continuing to grow together, with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases since the 1990s.
9372h agoA new framework uses nonlinear control theory and deep learning to understand how subsystems, such as brain areas, interact and control each other in complex biological systems.
9372h agoNeural correlations, including signal and noise correlations, play a critical role in sensory information coding, and large noise correlations are beneficial for coding even when aligned with signal correlations.
9372h agoMetacognitive experiences in artificial agents boost system performance and explainability, but a lack of standardization and inconsistent evaluations hinder progress.
9372h agoThe arcuate fasciculus in macaques and humans has different organization and connectivity, with the human version showing greater expansion into the middle temporal gyrus and stronger prefrontal and parietal operculum connectivity.
9372h agoThe solitons' local wave profile at the collision point scales as the sinc(x) function when their velocities are well separated and amplitudes are equal or randomly varied.
9372h agoThe transition to synchronization in adaptive multilayer networks with higher-order interactions depends on adaptation exponents, coupling strengths, and phase lag parameter, and can occur through continuous, tiered, or explosive transitions.
9372h agoNonreciprocally coupled fields are governed by dynamic models with zero, one, or two conservation laws, which can be derived from microscopic Ising models using the mean-field approximation.
9372h agoDark solitons in a curved Bose-Einstein condensate travel along a nearly constant angular trajectory, determined by the local curvature profile, and their dynamics remain predictable unless they cross areas of rapid curvature change.
9372h agoThe nonlinear dynamics of a broad-area vertical cavity surface-emitting laser involves competition between polarization modes with different transverse profiles, leading to additional bifurcations and routes to chaos.
9372h agoThe self-focusing of wave packets leads to a finite-time collapse of the solution, which can be formally regularized by a special solution related to the Painlev\'e-III equation.
9372h agoCosmological Frequency Combs, a new class of time-periodic attractor solutions, arise in scalar field cosmology and induce modulations in observables like the Hubble parameter and growth rate.
9372h agoWall-mode convection is a multiscale phenomenon where the dynamics of the bulk interior determine the small-scale dynamics within boundary layers at the sidewalls.
9372h agoNon-trivial topology protects chaotic dynamics within a lattice of nonlinear oscillators, allowing robust and enduring periodic behavior even in the presence of chaos.
9372h agoA soliton gas condensate forms as the number of solitons in a multi-soliton solution of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation grows to infinity.
9372h agoDynamically encoding an unknown frequency in a nonlinear quantum electromagnetic field improves frequency estimation by using quantum scrambling to spread local quantum information.
9372h agoTissue-scale spatial structure can make tumours more resilient to immunotherapy, and increased effector cell mobility can even increase this resilience.
9372h agoSimple chemical reaction mechanisms can implement optimal decision-making strategies, with a single rate constant tuning the system between always-staying and always-switching.
9372h agoThe physical action of random graphs follows a normal distribution as the graph becomes denser.
9372h agoThe unwrapped Wilson line method efficiently computes the bulk topological invariant in multiband systems, accurately capturing all topological edge states, including those overlooked by traditional invariants.
9372h agoMachine learning models, specifically Swin Transformers, can accurately predict crystal orientation maps from scanning transmission electron microscopy diffraction patterns, enabling automated analysis of internal microstructures at the nanoscale.
9372h agoSGD training causes two deep linear networks with different sizes and data to learn the same representations, up to a rotation, a phenomenon known as Perfectly Platonic.
9372h agoWavefront shaping enhances optical sensitivity in diffuse optical imaging by creating interference patterns that boost light-matter interactions, allowing for deeper tissue penetration.
9372h agoA new optimization algorithm enables training deep neural networks with up to $10^6$ parameters to compute the ground state of interacting quantum matter, yielding improved variational energies and evidence for gapless quantum-spin-liquid phases in frustrated spin models.
9372h agoIncreasing kinetic terms in metallic systems with strong disorder unexpectedly reduces mobility, enhances localization, and can lead to re-entrant delocalization transitions.
9372h agoNeural networks with a large number of of hidden units but few compared to input data have a theory that predicts their performance on simple tasks.
9372h agoThe RS-BCS theory reveals that a Cooper-pair-glass state may exist in dirty superconductors when regions with opposite signs of interaction exist and the net interaction between electrons is close to zero.
9372h agoRadiant field theory calculates the distribution of transmission eigenvalues for coherent wave propagation in disordered media, capturing both quasiballistic and diffusive regimes.
9372h agoA new field-theoretic framework characterizes the distribution of transmission eigenvalues for wave propagation through disordered media, producing a transport equation that captures coherent effects and remains valid beyond the diffusive regime.
9372h agoThe measurement-induced phase transition in Clifford circuits is controlled by a classical percolation transition.
9372h agoA passive leakage removal unit based on coupled disordered transmons protects the qubit subspace from leakage excitations and effectively removes them through feedback-measurement or dissipation.
9372h agoTinnitus is linked to a dysfunction in the arousal system, which leads to lower levels of alertness and sustained attention abilities.
9376h agoParental exposure to intermittent hypoxia reduces the risk of ischemic stroke in offspring by passing on a neuroprotective effect through molecular adaptations in key pathways involved in survival and stress response.
9376h agoThe dimension of the brain's structural connectome influences its functionality and dynamic properties, varying across local and global scales, and relates to cognitive performance in both healthy and damaged brains.
9384h agoTransgenic mouse models help advance research on human neurodegenerative diseases by allowing precise study of brain and tissue changes, and specific protocols for extracting and dissecting neurological tissues improve the accuracy and reproducibility of research results.
9384h agoDrinking sparkling water helps reduce cognitive fatigue and preserve mental performance during long periods of esports play.
9384h agoLower BOLD signal variability is found in autism and schizophrenia compared to typical controls, and this reduced variability is linked to poorer social cognition, neurocognition, and social functioning.
9384h agoNeural networks encode information in two complementary spaces, feature identity and feature integration, and a new joint-training architecture can capture both patterns, leading to improved reconstruction and reduced errors.
9396h agoThe streamlined image analysis framework effectively correlates behavioral measures to anatomical measures on the cortex and detects regions of abnormal brain-behavior correlates by removing the effects of age and other variables.
9396h agoReject relations influence agent performance in stimulus equivalence formation, suggesting artificial neural networks may rely on associative strategies rather than stimulus equivalence.
9396h agoA patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a completely locked-in state communicated "Yes" or "No" answers to questions by controlling an electroencephalogram-based brain-computer interface.
9396h agoEmotion categories do not map to specific brain patterns, and brain patterns vary greatly across individuals within an emotion category.
9396h agoSpiking neural networks can store a large number of stable, overlapping activity patterns with a direct correspondence to the original Hopfield model, allowing for linear scaling of storage capacity with the number of neurons.
9396h agoA mechanical system's contraction upon expansion enables low-frequency vibration isolation through a stiffness switching mechanism that countersnapping instability.
9396h agoQuantum Hamiltonians based on balanced, symmetric, bipartite graphs are Yang-Baxter integrable.
9396h agoThe study constructs two classes of integrable soliton hierarchies and derives their Hamiltonian structures using the Tu scheme and trace identity.
9396h agoChaoticus, a Python package, integrates ODE systems and computes chaos indicators on GPUs, reducing computation times by several orders of magnitude compared to CPU-based approaches.
9396h agoThe Hebbian Physics Network (HPN) uses local updates driven by conservation law violations to learn and model complex physical systems without global optimization.
9396h agoThe swinging Atwood machine has an exact solution for its motion over time, with its trajectories forming teardrop-heart orbits that are isochronous with respect to the launch angle.
9396h agoDynamical modes from Continuous Glucose Monitoring data detect meal events by capturing key aspects of glucose variability.
9396h agoA new random graph model, inspired by assembly theory, generates graphs with diverse properties, including a broad range of summary statistics, that are enabled by historical contingencies during the generative process.
9396h agoStable composite vortex solitons exist in a three-dimensional photonic crystal with third-harmonic generation, featuring spatial patterns of vortex, quadrupole, and anti-vortex structures.
9396h agoA data-driven method using an autoencoder generates initial guesses for unstable periodic orbits in chaotic systems, allowing for quick convergence to these orbits through variational convergence algorithms.
9396h agoQuasi-Newton algorithms fail to select stable evolution paths in brittle thin films without exact second variation information, but a spectral stability criterion can improve path-following accuracy.
9396h agoPhysics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation to study soliton collisions, but standard PINNs fail to conserve laws during collisions, and conservative PINNs are then used to obtain solutions that satisfy these laws.
9396h agoThe Bennett profile's nonlinearity can be transferred to plasma flow velocity, resulting in a vortical flow that remains unchanged in current density and meets the validity criterion for a shear-flow stabilized Z-pinch under certain temperature profile constraints.
9396h agoNon-integrable quantum field theories exhibit chaotic behavior with energy eigenvalues matching predictions of random matrix theory, whereas integrable theories show Poisson behavior.
9396h agoTemperature chaos in spin glasses arises from reentrance, where a drop in temperature causes a system to shift from a ferromagnetic phase to a less ordered phase.
9396h agoA new training framework called gradient-optimized neuroevolution potentials (GNEP) improves the efficiency of machine-learning interatomic potentials while maintaining accuracy and physical interpretability.
9396h agoNeural networks with a large number of hidden units have a general theory that predicts their performance on simple input-output distributions, using a small number of weight statistics to express typical performance.
9396h agoProbabilistic Graphical Models outperform Graph Neural Networks when input features are low-dimensional or noisy, and are more robust to increasing graph heterophily.
9396h agoCrystallization in bidisperse granular materials enhances the diffusion length, a key parameter controlling flow behavior, and is linked to local structural organization and pressure gradients.
9396h agoThe study finds that shot noise is strongly suppressed at the Kondo destruction quantum critical point in a heavy-fermion strange metal.
9396h agoLocalized states emerge naturally in disorder-free hypercube graphs, and can be systematically constructed and robustly maintained, offering a clearer understanding of many-body localization phenomena.
9396h agoThe Penalty Ensemble Method (PEM) helps reduce the impact of uncertainty in deep learning models on Monte Carlo sampling by changing the way the method accepts or rejects simulated configurations.
9396h agoLarge-scale neurodevelopmental MRI studies face tradeoffs between sample size and quality control that dramatically affect results.
9404h agoPragmatic development in adolescents is linked to changes in brain activity in areas outside of the language network, with young adolescents and adults with low pragmatic skills tending to over-interpret direct speech acts as potentially indirect.
9404h agoInfluenza A virus infection causes neuronal damage and triggers hallmarks of neurodegeneration, including changes in TDP-43, in the absence of persistent viral protein expression.
9404h agoThe group technical effects (GTE) metric identifies genes that contribute most to batch effects in single-cell data and their removal helps mitigate these effects.
9412h agoIntroducing hemispheric-specific coupling into a neural mass model improves the correlation between simulated and real brain activity.
9420h agoAutistic young adults have more random and less stably connected neural dynamics than neurotypical peers, with distinct patterns of brain organization that may reflect adaptations to sensory inputs.
9420h agoFixed points of recurrent neural networks store and generate information through the Boltzmann-Gibbs measure, leading to a neural Langevin machine that can sample and learn from real datasets.
9420h agoA transformer-based model trained on fNIRS signals accurately assesses procedural skills across tasks, individuals, and conditions, achieving over 88% classification accuracy and generalizing to new procedures with minimal labeled data.
9420h agoSequences of Large Language Model representations do not show indicators of consciousness phenomena, but they do exhibit intriguing patterns under certain analyses.
9420h agoA new method called HST quantizes brain states and transitions into a hierarchical structure, offering a promising framework for characterizing brain dynamics and analyzing metastability.
9420h agoA new brain foundation model called CSBrain can better decode brain activity from EEG signals by capturing the different patterns that occur at various times and locations in the brain.
9420h agoA neuro-symbolic framework uses local learning to build language structure from scratch, generating synthetic languages with coherent internal morphology similar to human language.
9420h agoMuscle recordings and deep learning can decode spinal motor neuron activity in real time with high accuracy, offering a promising non-invasive approach to estimate some neural activity from the central nervous system.
9420h agoThe visual cortex processes beauty in similar ways in humans and marmosets, with both species showing a high degree of functional similarity in visual processing and shared patterns of information processing.
9420h agoThe relationship between cognition and computation is key to advancing brain-inspired AI, and researchers classify this relationship into four categories to understand how cognition and computation interact.
9420h agoDepression can be assessed through various human behaviors, including brain activities, verbal and non-verbal behaviors, using machine learning models for automatic depression assessment.
9420h agoMachines currently process information in a way that seems intelligent but lack a sense of self, and a new artificial intelligence paradigm called BriSe AI aims to build human-level intelligence by incorporating a self-organized framework that mimics human self-awareness.
9420h agoThe geometrical properties of neural representations relate to task performance in continuous decoding tasks, with analysis revealing a phase transition in training error and a double-descent phenomenon in generalization error.
9420h agoNeural models struggle to capture how climate systems respond to external changes, even when they accurately reproduce current climate patterns.
9420h agoNonlocal coupling enables control of collective stochastic dynamics in coherence resonance by enhancing or suppressing the effect through adjusting the coupling radius.
9420h agoBreather-to-soliton transitions and nonlinear wave interactions are investigated for a higher-order modified Gerdjikov-Ivanon equation, revealing different types of converted waves and their interactions.
9420h agoFinite size effects drive the Kuramoto model with inertia toward a synchronized state at finite coupling, which contrasts with predictions made for the same system in the thermodynamic limit.
9420h agoA material point moving on a sphere in a constant magnetic field has equations of motion that can be represented in a Lax form and proven integrable using first integrals of degree one and two.
9420h agoMulti-lump waves in a water wave model are non-interacting and form different geometrical patterns.
9420h agoCusp bifurcations in max-plus dynamical systems are characterized by piecewise linear representations, and their behavior can be examined through graph analysis.
9420h agoRepetitive curling of the Navier-Stokes equation leads to a higher-order diffusion equation, which can be used to form the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation with soliton solutions.
9420h agoAttractive potential wells arranged in a triangular lattice produce a rich variety of diffusive behaviors, including quasiballistic transport and tongue-like structures in parameter space.
9420h agoScientists identified indicators and precursors that can predict regime changes in intermittent systems, and found a correlation between Lyapunov vectors and regime changes in five different systems.
9420h agoA novel method based on eigenvalue tracking and Floquet Multipliers can quantify system stability directly from diverse data, without needing to remove trends and seasonality.
9420h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
9420h agoThe study develops simulation methods to investigate protein dynamics within heterogeneous cell membranes, where temperature and concentration variations affect biological mechanisms.
9420h agoThe Bureau-Guillot systems with Painlevé transcendent coefficients are birationally equivalent, and one related system can be transformed into a Hamiltonian system called the cubic Bureau Hamiltonian system.
9420h agoIntroducing hemispheric-specific coupling into a neural mass model improves the correlation between simulated and real brain activity.
9420h agoThe magnetic geodesic flow on the standard sphere is Liouville integrable with quadratic and linear integrals in momenta.
9420h agoA thermodynamic formalism ranks chemical reaction network pathways based on a cost function that includes maintenance and restriction costs, which decrease as reactions supporting throughput current are added.
9420h agoThe thermalization of a classical light beam occurs in three dimensions with space and time through a combination of strong transverse confinement and continuous temporal degrees of freedom.
9420h agoThe study of q-state Potts models on a two-dimensional square lattice finds that cyclic changes in phases and coexisting wave modes appear at low and high flipping energies, and dynamic modes with skipping states emerge for certain q values.
9420h agoNon-topological solitons in two-dimensional conformal field theory have a trivial spectrum of linear perturbations with only symmetry-related zero modes.
9420h agoInformation scrambling occurs in an open quantum system, as shown by interferometric measurements of out-of-time-ordered correlators, which reveal ballistic spreading of information in certain situations.
9420h agoThe study finds that Ruelle-Pollicott resonances in magnetization-conserving qubit circuits reflect diffusive transport of magnetization, allowing extraction of the diffusion constant, and reveals a continuum of eigenvalues governing non-exponential decay.
9420h agoThe study of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equations in an ideal fluid with irrotational motion yields families of traveling wave solutions, including solitary and periodic solutions.
9420h agoNumerical simulations show that a ring topology achieves a high level of complete synchronization using Terahertz modeling.
9420h agoA physics-embedded convolutional neural network enables on-demand control over spectro-temporal features of supercontinuum generation, achieving few-cycle pulse shaping without external compressors.
9420h agoA random configuration of N soliton solutions to the cubic focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger equation converges to a soliton gas solution as N increases.
9420h agoA novel bound for the Gross-Pitaevskii equations is presented, which relates the energy to two boundary terms, one connected to vorticity and the other to configuration skewness.
9420h agoA Bayesian framework estimates the model parameters of coupled oscillator models using time series data of the Kuramoto order parameter.
9420h agoThe Semantic Theory of Evolution grounds on physical theories of meaningful information, suggesting that arbitrary communication codes enable the emergence of novelties and a greater variety of potential life forms.
9420h agoThe Lund-Regge evolution of space curves is represented in the Frenet frame, aligning with the Lax system of the Pohlmeyer-Lund-Regge equation.
9420h agoA new model of collective behavior shows that cohesive groups can form through alignment-based interactions when individuals predict and adjust to their future neighbors' movements.
9420h agoThe duplication-divergence interaction principle shapes the structure of networks into sparse graphs with specific traits.
9420h agoDebris charge fluctuations in a flowing plasma cause damping of the ion-acoustic wave through nonlinear Landau damping and wave-wave interactions, with different effects seen for positively and negatively charged debris.
9420h agoElectron transport becomes possible in a one-dimensional disordered chain when correlations between on-site interaction and tunneling integrals are present for certain combinations of parameters.
9420h agoThe fluctuation susceptibility in the Greenberg-Hastings neural network model shows a clear finite size scaling behaviour as the spontaneous activation probability tends to zero.
9420h agoThe spatial photonic Ising machine can efficiently implement a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems with spatially convolutional structures without needing complex multiplexing.
9420h agoThe lifetime of quantum information can scale exponentially with system size when the environment is continuously monitored, but grows at most linearly or remains constant without monitoring.
9420h agoFixed points of recurrent neural networks store and generate information through the Boltzmann-Gibbs measure, leading to a neural Langevin machine that can sample and learn from real datasets.
9420h agoA highly disordered fractal MgO/MgB2 nanocomposite with isotropic pinning exhibits bulk-like superconducting properties due to strong intergranular coupling and atomically clean interfaces.
9420h agoThe geometrical properties of neural representations relate to task performance in continuous decoding tasks, with analysis revealing a phase transition in training error and a double-descent phenomenon in generalization error.
9420h agoBond dissipation can cause localization in a one-dimensional homogeneous system, and the initial localization characteristics of the system influence the localization properties of the non-equilibrium steady state.
9420h agoExploiting quantum resources such as entanglement allows surpassing the standard quantum limit for estimating a magnetic probe field, and using a long-range many-body quantum spin chain as a quantum sensor provides a threefold benefit in precision and robustness.
9420h agoRidge regression displays surprising behaviors, similar to those of deep neural networks, and provides a model system for understanding high-dimensional machine learning.
9420h agoA framework based on coherent information provides a way to study both computational and erasure errors in quantum error correcting codes, allowing for the derivation of statistical mechanics mappings and optimal thresholds for various codes.
9420h agoThe transition from elastic to viscous regimes in Weyl semimetals shows that the Hall angle in the viscous regime is suppressed compared to the elastic regime when the intrinsic conductivity is finite.
9420h agoThe probability distribution of the singular values of the product of two large matrices with Gaussian entries is derived for different parameter regimes.
9420h agoScale invariant scattering theory provides exact access to magnetic and spin glass properties of two-dimensional statistical systems with quenched disorder, yielding magnetic and spin glass renormalization group fixed points.
9420h agoSineKAN, a neural quantum state based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, accurately captures ground state energies, fidelities, and correlation functions of several quantum many-body systems.
9420h agoVariational quantum algorithms built from analog quenches of a disordered Ising chain retain trainability longer when initialized in a many-body-localized phase than in a thermalized phase.
9420h agoThe eigenvalue spectrum of $XY^\dagger$ is analysed for its support when $X$ and $Y$ are rectangular matrices with jointly Gaussian and independent entries.
9420h agoIodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging enables high-resolution assessment of hematoma evolution, hemolysis, ventricular enlargement, and chronic brain lesions in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage.
9432h agoSephin1 protects oligodendrocytes, improves long-term neurological function, and alleviates white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting oligodendrocyte apoptosis, promoting oligodendrocyte proliferation, and reducing neuroinflammation.
9432h agoAcute hyperglycemia causes vascular luminal injury, leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, severe brain damage, and poor outcomes in stroke patients by triggering a metabolic-complement-vascular axis.
9432h agoPower Pixels combines several tools into one pipeline to simplify the processing of neuronal data from Neuropixels probes, covering steps from raw data to single neuron activity.
9432h agoHuman brain specialization partly stems from regulation of gene expression, and specifically, human-like CLOCK gene expression in mice improves cognitive flexibility and neural connectivity.
9436h agoA neural network approach based on transition-path theory uncovers transition pathways that are consistent with committor analysis, resolving competing mechanisms across different dynamical regimes and improving the modeling of rare events in biomolecular systems.
9436h agoOrganADR, an associative-learning-enhanced model, predicts adverse drug reactions at the organ level to improve medication safety.
9436h agoThe brain's processing of a stimulus depends on whether it is predictable or surprising, with some brain cells changing their preferred stimulus features depending on the context.
9440h agoGamma motoneurons have distinct properties that enable rapid activation and proprioceptive signalling, including low recruitment thresholds and high firing rates, which are supported by specific intrinsic mechanisms such as lower membrane capacitance, higher input resistance, and a sodium pump-mediated ultra-slow afterhyperpolarization.
9440h agoThe thousand-brains system, a model of the neocortex, uses learning and inference algorithms to make predictions, find associations between objects, and infer causes of sensory data.
9444h agoMotor cortex activity is spatially organized to support reach-to-grasp movements, with separate areas involved in reaching and grasping.
9444h agoPeople effectively integrate information from different sources over time to make decisions, and the way they combine information changes depending on whether the sources are the same or different.
9444h agoFetal sleep patterns provide insights into early brain maturation and can help detect signs of neurological compromise due to fetal hypoxia or growth restriction.
9444h agoThe relationship between cognition and computation is key to advancing brain-inspired AI, and this relationship can be classified into four categories that highlight the contrast between global-first cognition and local-first computation.
9444h agoParkinson's disease patients' pain fluctuations can be predicted by biomarkers in the bilateral subthalamic nucleus, specifically gamma and beta bands on the opposite side and delta and theta bands on the same side.
9444h agoFinite-size fluctuations sustain synchronization in the Kuramoto model below the critical coupling strength, where classical mean-field theories predict complete asynchrony.
9444h agoThe Swift-Hohenberg equation with spatially periodic coefficients generates patterns in the form of a Bloch wave modulated by solutions of a Ginzburg-Landau type equation through a Turing bifurcation.
9444h agoThe looping pendulum phenomenon, where a lighter bob supports a heavier bob, is explained by derived differential equations that match experimental results, showing a logarithmic curve fit between mass ratio and vertical distance travelled.
9444h agoAn integrable extended 3-site Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbour interactions exists for a certain choice of coupling parameters, and its energy spectrum and eigenstates can be obtained through a Bethe Ansatz procedure.
9444h agoReservoir Computing can accurately predict rogue wave dynamics from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, a challenging Hamiltonian system, by learning from breather simulations and generalizing to new, unseen data.
9444h agoEntanglement between collective excitations of a Bose-Einstein condensate is observed, demonstrating that vacuum fluctuations seeded the parametric growth of quasiparticles with opposite momenta.
9444h agoA novel approach reconstructs likely routes taken by people displaced due to climate hazards and conflict, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying displacement patterns and informing proactive responses.
9444h agoTree-grass coexistence in savannas happens because trees help grasses through shading and grasses compete with trees for water, leading to stable patterns of trees and grasses under harsh environmental conditions.
9444h agoQuantum reservoir computers are robust tools for learning and forecasting chaotic dynamics from time-series data and can learn invariant properties such as Lyapunov spectra and attractor dimensions.
9444h agoBiological systems adaptively control their connection to external energy sources, and this adaptability leads to emergent behavior where structure formation and non-equilibrium drive coevolve.
9444h agoSmall quantum gate perturbations can enhance performance in quantum machine learning by serving as a natural source of data augmentation.
9444h agoDistributed neural architectures learn to allocate computation and communication patterns based on the content and context of each token or patch, and can be competitive with dense baselines while achieving compute efficiency and parameter sharing.
9444h agoFeature-learning deep nets collapse data to a regular low-dimensional geometry through the collective action of factors like nonlinearity and noise.
9444h agoThe Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, which describes spin glass systems, is extended into a mixed p-spin glass model that includes higher-order interactions among spins, and its equation of states is derived.
9444h agoThe study uses simulations to examine collective excitations in fluid hydrogen during a molecular-to-atomic fluid transition at 2500K, finding a plateau in sound speed and suggesting a dynamic model of chemical reacting mixture should be applied in this region.
9444h agoAlzheimer's disease-like pathology reduces brain energy production and impairs potassium regulation, and anesthetic exposure further suppresses energy production and worsens potassium regulation.
9444h agoA systematic protocol helps identify clinical brain MRI scans with limited imaging pathology, allowing these scans to be repurposed for brain research and increasing sample size and replicability in neurodevelopmental imaging studies.
9444h agoCa2+ transferred from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria through IP3 receptors enhances mitochondrial ATP production in response to neuronal activity.
9444h agoThe brain interleaves replay of familiar and novel memories during slow-wave sleep, allowing new memories to be embedded into existing memories without interference.
9444h agoTRPML3 induces autophagy and regulates neuronal gene expression by downregulating genes during serum starvation and upregulating genes responsible for axon guidance, synaptogenesis, and dendritic arborization under normal conditions.
9444h agoThe vomeronasal system of the Iberian mole has a unique anatomy and molecular features, including a circular lumen, uniform sensory epithelium, and alternative mechanisms for semiochemical entry.
9444h agoAlpha-synuclein fibril growth can be inhibited by compounds that bind to the fibril ends, and two dimethoxyphenyl piperazine analogs show potent inhibition of fibril growth in vitro.
9444h agoPhase cycle inversion can identify the origin of out-of-voxel signals, enabling optimization of crusher gradients to improve their suppression.
9444h agoThe scolopidium, a mechanosensory unit, is activated best by stretch along the ciliary axis, which helps insects detect proprioception, vibration, and sound.
9444h agoSchema congruency affects how events are integrated into memory and influence decision-making, with schema-congruent events integrated during encoding and schema-incongruent events relying on retrieval-based inference.
9444h agoFasting and caloric restriction increase the production of the hormone ADIOL, which acts on the nervous system to reduce levels of a neuroactive metabolite linked to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, and enhancing ADIOL signaling improves healthspan indicators during aging.
9444h agoWalking at slower speeds leads to greater immediate responses in gait parameters to optic flow perturbations, while adaptations to prolonged exposure are larger at faster speeds.
9444h agoThe visual working memory reorganizes spatial representations in the brain, recruiting a larger part of the visual cortex than during perception, to flexibly store objects.
9444h agoEarly-life seizures and developmental delay in SCN2A-DEE are driven by hippocampal CA3 hyperexcitability, which is characterized by transient neuronal hyperexcitability and accelerated maturation of hippocampal networks.
9444h agoElevated entropy production in inflamed tissue environments modulates the activation threshold of TRPV1 thermosensitive ion channels, leading to a downward shift in the activation temperature.
9444h agoForgetting in flies consists of a decrease in the ability to use a memory to guide behavior, rather than a loss of the memory itself.
9444h agoPeople rely more on proprioception from the triceps surae muscle to control posture when their vision is blocked.
9444h agoHeterogeneity, short-term plasticity, and stochasticity in the CA1 network each have distinct effects on cellular information transmission.
9444h agoLoss of TDP-43 function leads to inclusion of aberrant exons, which are often degraded through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and targeting these exons may provide new therapeutic options for TDP-43-related neurodegenerative disorders.
9444h agoSORLA upregulation reverses pathological effects in aged mouse brain, including tau phosphorylation, synapse loss, and neuroinflammation, and protects against tau toxicity.
9444h agoThe postrhinal cortex (POR) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) have different spatial reference frames during place navigation, with POR neurons adjusting to visual landmarks and MEC neurons staying aligned with the global reference frame.
9444h agoPeople can transfer motor skills across tools and contexts, and training with an extra robotic thumb improves performance across various tasks and body postures.
9444h agoExposure to a synthetic cannabinoid in adolescence leads to long-term behavioral and neurochemical changes, including increased aggression and reduced social interaction, in adult mice.
9444h agoCalcium signals in fly olfactory receptor neurons reliably represent spike activity and can be used as a proxy for it.
9444h agoMice with targeted photothrombotic ischemia in the sensory thalamus develop persistent spontaneous pain behaviors, including facial grimace, and changes in brain cells, providing a new model to study central post-stroke pain.
9444h agoThe visual system switches the response polarity of ON and OFF neurons dynamically to detect image contrast, and EAAT5 glutamate transporters at photoreceptor terminals make this switch happen.
9444h agoReactivating a consolidated memory can protect it from degradation by competing learning, but only if the competing memory is not consolidated.
9444h agoEthanol causes widespread brain cell death in early development, but this effect declines as the brain matures, and changes in a complex manner with age and cell type when a gene called Myt1l is partially impaired.
9444h agoPersonalized brain stimulation, guided by individual brain function and a neural network-based decoder, improves working memory performance when optimal stimulation frequencies are used.
9444h agoMycobacterium tuberculosis lipid extract and its component sulfolipid-1 directly activate nociceptive neurons to induce cough by engaging Galphaq/11 coupled pathways to release intracellular calcium.
9444h agoFamiliarity with faces influences how the brain processes facial features, including sex, and previous studies' findings on decoding facial sex may have been affected by the experimental methods used.
9464h agoPrenatal cannabis exposure and psychosocial stress during pregnancy impair maternal behavior and have lasting effects on offspring neurodevelopment, with cannabis and stress having additive effects on anxiety-like behavior and gene expression changes in adolescent offspring.
9464h agoEmotional intensity in dreams increases throughout the night, with late-night dreams being more emotional than earlier ones, and this increase is not specifically linked to REM sleep.
9464h agoThe stimulation of one side of the olfactory system can activate the other side through a dopamine-driven mechanism that helps to balance the input from the two sides.
9464h agoIndividual neurons can sustain persistent firing on their own, challenging the traditional view that recurrent synaptic networks are responsible for retaining information in the brain.
9464h agoLight pulses during the biological night induce sleep, and this effect requires histamine neurotransmission in mice.
9464h agoThe vomeronasal system in wapiti is highly developed and functionally specialized, playing a critical role in mediating social and reproductive behaviors through a complex anatomical and neurochemical organization.
9464h agoThe basolateral amygdala complex and perirhinal cortex play different roles in attention, with the basolateral amygdala complex involved in focal attention to novel or familiar stimuli paired with danger, and the perirhinal cortex involved in peripheral attention to familiar stimuli indirectly paired with danger.
9464h agoMaternal infection during pregnancy upregulates the protein Lcn2 in the fetal brain, and Lcn2 plays a critical role in normal brain development, with its deletion causing deficits in social behavior and increased repetitive behavior.
9464h agoBlocking VCAM1 or VLA4 after a stroke prevents cognitive decline in mice by restoring blood vessel structure and function.
9464h agoMethylphenidate modulates brain function by acting on dopamine transporter, and changes in dopamine levels in certain brain areas relate to its effects on neural signaling.
9468h agoParvalbumin interneurons change their response to whisker stimuli during experience-dependent plasticity, showing increased activity in response to spared whiskers in deprived areas, which in turn suppresses the activity of other nearby neurons.
9468h agoEarly life stress increases sensitivity to alcohol's stimulatory effects in females and reduces sensitivity to its sedative effects in males, leading to increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder.
9472h agoHuman induced pluripotent stem cells can be engineered to generate astrocyte progenitor cells that survive, integrate into the spinal cord, and show no signs of tumors or adverse effects when transplanted.
9472h agoBreathing rhythm improves visual perception by boosting brain activity and bodily arousal during inspiration, and people adapt their breathing to align with expected visual stimuli to enhance performance.
9472h agoNeural stem cells secrete a specific extracellular matrix that induces quiescence in response to BMP4, and this process is sustained by YAP and TAZ through preservation of the physical niche.
9472h agoThe brain extracts meaning from imperfect input by integrating information across space and time to create stable concept-level representations.
9472h agoCortex glial subtypes in different brain regions differentially regulate seizure susceptibility, with specific subtypes able to suppress or induce seizures depending on their location.
9472h agoTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation enhances decision-making by increasing the efficiency of evidence accumulation, particularly in contexts where performance is initially low.
9472h agoThe brain detects regular patterns between heartbeats and sounds, leading to pupil adaptation and increased brain activity when the two are synchronized.
9472h agoSensory prediction errors drive motor learning, and task performance errors do not affect this type of learning.
9472h agoPlasticity at long-range GABAergic synapses is linked with higher-order cognitive functions, and specifically, learning new rules strengthens these synapses, which enables flexible behavior.
9472h agoThe brain's resonant oscillations, such as Alpha rhythms, are primarily nonlinear, whereas its non-oscillatory activity is mostly linear.
9472h agoThe basal ganglia use a modular organization with reciprocal inhibition to coordinate complex behaviors by sequentially activating different modules that control specific actions.
9472h agoDiversity in neural response properties improves the efficiency of the population code for perception by separating out representations for distinct stimuli.
9472h agoTDP-43 and ANXA11 proteins aggregate together in certain brain diseases, forming a new type of proteinopathy called TDP-43 and ANXA11 proteinopathy (TAP), which has three subtypes with distinct clinical and neuropathologic features.
9472h agoDifferent retinal ganglion cells send visual information from the retina to various brain targets, and a new high-throughput approach can investigate projections, physiology, and structure-function relationships of these cells in a single experiment.
9472h agoAdolescent opioid use does not appear to increase physiological and behavioral responses to sickness later in life.
9472h agoFatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis is linked to different brain activity patterns in the Striato-Thalamo-Cortical network and the fronto-parietal cortex compared to healthy controls.
9472h agoNeuropeptide signaling, specifically through SIFamide, drives brainwide developmental activity cycles by modulating the activity of specific neurons, which in turn refine synaptic connections in the developing brain.
9472h agoAlzheimer's Disease disrupts neural circuits vital for memory and cognition by causing abnormal neural activity, particularly near amyloid plaques, leading to impaired learning and recall.
9480h agoChildren with minimally verbal autism spectrum disorder can detect simple visual objects, but struggle with more complex visual tasks and may have atypical ways of using visual information to guide their behavior.
9484h agoThe amygdala neurons projecting to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex play a specific role in signaling the outcomes of a choice, which is crucial for contingent learning.
9484h agoThe brain's frontal cortex processes visual and auditory information in distinct areas that dynamically adapt to changing contexts, allowing for flexible integration of multisensory inputs.
9484h agoHuman astrocytes enter a reactive state with inflammatory changes when exposed to injury or disease, and they can return to a normal state within days once the stimulus is removed, but long-term exposure can lead to the presentation of antigens.
9484h agoFemale Aedes aegypti mosquitoes undergo behavioral reprogramming during egg development, transitioning from inactivity to active searching for egg-laying sites at night, a process regulated by the circadian clock gene cycle.
9484h agoThe brain's resting state has a high level of neurocognitive activity, called resting memory, which helps with self-referential thinking and enables a smooth transition to working memory when relevant outside information is detected.
9484h agoSepsis causes severe metabolic dysfunction in the cerebellum, but treatment with mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles can restore energy metabolism and balance antioxidant pathways.
9484h agoThe study identified 154 endogenous neuropeptides and 28 O-linked glycosylated neuropeptides in the American lobster, providing a valuable resource for understanding crustacean neuromodulation and peptidergic signaling.
9484h agoThe triceps surae muscles can be independently controlled to suit different tasks, with each muscle showing distinct activation patterns and tuning its activity differently with center of pressure movement during balance tasks.
9492h agoThe novel BELIEFS framework flexibly infers others' strategies and reasons about their mental states, outperforming existing models in predicting human behavior in interactive games.
9492h agoInteroceptive and exteroceptive inputs are processed through two independent mechanisms: one that allocates neural resources to either internal bodily signals or the external world, and another that combines interoception and exteroception to determine the self-relevance of external signals.
9492h agoDepolarization of nociceptors activates a CaV1.2-dependent mechanism that leads to long-lasting modulation of nociceptor activity, resulting in reduced sensitivity to pain.
9492h agoThe ventral tectal longitudinal column (TLCv) has extensive connections with multiple auditory brainstem regions, including bilateral projections to the cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, and superior olivary complex.
9496h agoThe neocortex is organized along a sensorimotor-to-association axis, with primary sensorimotor areas at one end and transmodal association areas at the other, and this organization is shaped by competing processes of induction and exclusion driven by opposing transcriptional programs.
9500h agoEmotional vocabulary develops earlier and faster than general vocabulary across the lifespan, with emotional vocabulary reaching near adult levels by early adulthood and peaking about four years before general vocabulary.
9500h agoMutations in genes encoding synaptic proteins are associated with 1,266 diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, and contribute to a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, developmental, and systemic disorders.
9500h agoDrd1-Cre:dCas9-p300 mice display repetitive spinning behavior, hyperlocomotion, and enhanced reward learning, while Ador2a-Cre:dCas9-p300 mice show no changes in behavior, due to cell-type specific expression of dCas9-p300.
9500h agoThe auditory cortex connects with many brain regions beyond those involved in processing sound, and plays a role in cognitive and emotional functions such as multisensory integration, decision-making, and learning.
9500h agoSensory cortices maintain their ability to distinguish different sensory inputs regardless of behavioral engagement, while the hippocampus only effectively discriminates information when it is relevant to the task.
9500h agoA specific input from the anterior cingulate cortex to the retrosplenial cortex helps shape the hippocampal map to highlight rewarding locations, guiding adaptive behavior.
9500h agoThe claustrum plays a key role in initiating network states for cognitive control by activating task-dependent networks and influencing cognitive control nodes.
9504h agoFunctional connectivity inputs to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex from certain brain regions, such as the fronto-parietal and orbitofrontal cortices, distinguish individuals with depressive symptoms and comorbidities.
9504h agoThe NEural Analysis Toolkit (NEAT) implements classical algorithms to compute and simplify response properties of spatially extended neuron models, bridging the gap between single neuron computation and large-scale network analysis.
9504h agoFlexible control and motor adaptation share common neural resources, as shown by their interaction when changes in target structure and force fields occur together during movement.
9504h agoNewborns do not clearly mimic gestures like tongue protrusions when their caregivers do them, and caregivers' perceptions of their newborns' imitative behavior do not always match objective measures.
9504h agoThe study identifies over 30 cell clusters with distinct transcriptional differences linked to memory formation in the brain of chicks, including specific long non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes that correlate with memory strength.
9504h agoTargeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway reduces neuroinflammation and improves neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury.
9504h agoThe analysis of single-cell data reveals unbalanced batch effects across genes, and a new metric called group technical effects is proposed to quantify these gene-level batch effects.
9508h agoDogs with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction have distinct metabolic changes, including altered levels of certain lipids, steroids, and compounds related to inflammation and oxidative stress, that are similar to those found in humans with Alzheimer's disease.
9512h agoCATERPillar software generates realistic computer models of brain tissue, allowing for the simulation of diffusion MRI signals and the exploration of brain microstructure features.
9512h agoMeditation techniques have distinct neurodynamic profiles, but also share common features, with nonlinear features being key to distinguishing meditative from non-meditative states.
9512h agoA new method called SHRED maps neural activity from a small number of sensors to understand brain function and behavior across different organisms.
9512h agoBrain tissue stiffness varies across different physiological states and conditions, and a new imaging method called MR elastography can now map this stiffness throughout the brain without using an external device.
9512h agoPatients' own pain narratives can predict their readiness to engage in psychotherapy, with brief spoken stories carrying reliable signals of willingness to start psychosocial treatment.
9516h agoEnhancing the function of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) reduces procrastination by increasing the perceived value of task outcomes.
9516h agoA new method called "anonymized personalization" allows for creating personalized digital brain models that can be trained without using personal data and can make quick, personalized predictions.
9516h agoParkinson's disease patients' pain fluctuations can be predicted by biomarkers in the bilateral subthalamic nucleus, particularly in gamma and beta bands on one side and delta and theta bands on the other.
9516h agoThe science of consciousness may need to revise its fundamental assumptions, as current theories may not be sufficient to fully understand consciousness.
9516h agoBrain2Model Transfer Learning uses brain activity to train artificial neural networks, allowing them to converge faster and achieve higher predictive accuracy.
9516h agoThe convex formulation of the inverse reinforcement learning problem helps estimate an unknown reward function from expert demonstrations using a robust and reproducible approach.
9516h agoA two-step sequential heuristic solves the inverse problem of multi-armed bandits more robustly and quickly than other methods, achieving comparable performance to Monte Carlo methods in less time.
9516h agoThe brain represents expected uncertainty distributions through "higher-order" representations that reflect noisy estimation processes incorporating prior expectations about uncertainty.
9516h agoA four-dimensional integrable discrete dynamical system extends the autonomous form of a $q$-Painlev\'e I equation with symmetry of type $A_1^{(1)}$ and its integrability is established through conserved quantities and degree growth.
9516h agoDiscrete nonlinear Schrödinger models with competing nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions have stationary states that exist only for a specific range of interaction ratios, and their stability depends exponentially on the coupling parameter.
9516h agoA family of network automaton models, called "Life-like network automata," provides a strong theoretical foundation as a topological generalisation of binary outer-totalistic cellular automata, and achieves over 90% success rate in solving the firing squad synchronisation problem.
9516h agoMoney promotes the formation of cooperative networks across human groups, but excessive liquidity can undermine this effect by distorting the value of money as a signal of past cooperation.
9516h agoInformation-theoretic quantities, such as transfer entropy, link to physically defined influence through a modified Vicsek model that calculates influence from angular interactions between particles.
9516h agoActive nematic systems, such as dense layers of microtubules, exhibit coherent flows and nonlinear behavior due to interactions among rod-like subunits, and their modeling requires the nematic locking principle, which states that individual microtubules cannot rotate without their neighbors also rotating.
9516h agoThe timed prediction problem in two-dimensional sandpile models is P-complete for certain neighborhoods, but not for others due to synchronization issues or lack of timed crossover gates.
9516h agoA new quantum algorithm simulates the Lorenz model, a system of nonlinear equations that describes climate and fluid dynamics, by implementing the time evolution of a second-order time-discretized version of the model.
9516h agoEvolutionary game theory shows that people's learning mechanisms for social behavior, measured as selection strength, can co-evolve with their strategies, leading to different outcomes depending on the type of game being played.
9516h agoCertain non-uniform magnetic fields lead to a spectrum consisting of Landau levels, similar to a uniform magnetic field.
9516h agoAdaptive Hagen-Poiseuille flows in elastic microchannel networks replicate key features of Physarum polycephalum networks, including peristalsis and shuttle streaming, and show that these effects have a hydrodynamic origin.
9516h agoThe quantum inverse scattering method is implemented for the 4-vertex model, revealing different characteristics and algebraic properties that can be used to study the higher-spin XXX chain and approximate the Poisson structure.
9516h agoA novel bound for the Gross-Pitaevskii equations in two spatial dimensions is presented, relating energy to vorticity and skewness terms, and saturated by configurations with fractional vorticity.
9516h agoThe solution for a passive scalar in decaying homogeneous turbulence develops a sequence of concentric spherical shells with a quantized, piecewise-parabolic radial profile of temperature.
9516h agoVortex loops, not vortex-antivortex pairs, drive the Anderson transition in three-dimensional chiral symmetry classes, and their behavior is connected to the magnetostatics of 3D type-II superconductors.
9516h agoA distributed approach constructs Lyapunov functions from local information to characterize complex regions of attraction in nonlinear networks with coexisting stable states.
9516h agoThe study uses simulations to examine how collective excitations behave in fluid hydrogen during a molecular-to-atomic fluid transition at 2500K, finding a plateau in sound speed and that a thermo-viscoelastic model can accurately recover simulation data.
9516h agoThe method analyzes the joint probability density of an eigenvalue and its associated right eigenvector of non-Hermitian random matrices by combining the Kac-Rice counting formula with an integral identity for the Dirac delta function.
9516h agoThe Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse emerges in many areas of mathematics and science, and for jointly Gaussian and i.i.d. rectangular matrices $X, Y$, the eigenvalue spectrum of $XY^\dagger$ has a specific support.
9516h agoMetallic glasses crystallize at grain boundaries, not throughout, showing they have a grain structure, not a homogeneous frozen liquid structure.
9516h agoA novel strategy combining simple models with a new Monte Carlo algorithm reveals that the glass fragility and departure from the Stokes-Einstein relation in molecular fluids are much closer to experimental observations than previously reported.
9516h agoReinforcement learning helps optimize the precision of a spin-based magnetometer by determining the best transverse-field pulse sequence.
9516h agoThe competition between Anderson localization and the non-Hermitian skin effect can be precisely controlled in a non-Hermitian Aubry-André model, leading to tunable localization of eigenstates.
9516h agoEntanglement percolation in qubit-based planar quantum networks depends on the initial network configuration and entanglement, with thresholds separating distinct regimes of quantum percolation.
9516h agoMecp2 mutations cause Rett syndrome by affecting brain cells differently in males and females, with females having a mix of normal and abnormal cells and males having all abnormal cells.
9520h agoOlder adults experience stronger interference from episodic memories to procedural memories than younger adults, but show similar interference from procedural memories to episodic memories.
9520h agoFour recent gray matter models produce consistent estimates of cortical microstructure metrics in healthy subjects when applied to a single human dataset.
9520h agoMost MRI studies of the maternal brain lack diversity, with underreported participant racial and ethnic data, overrepresentation of white participants, and a focus on Western populations.
9524h agoA method for simulating neuromechanical models combines NEURON and MuJoCo software platforms to model the brain, body, and environment simultaneously.
9524h agoPOINTseq, a new method for mapping neural circuits, reveals that midbrain dopaminergic neurons form over 30 distinct connectomic cell types with stereotyped projection motifs that may enable parallel dopamine signaling.
9528h agoA neural network model proposes that sleep helps consolidate fear memories by replaying hippocampal representations of context and adjusting amygdalar activity patterns to establish long-term encodings of learned fear associations.
9528h agoThe left ventral occipitotemporal cortex plays a crucial role in reading by acting as a hybrid interface that receives feedforward information from visual areas and sends feedforward orthographic information to higher-order areas, while also receiving feedback from higher-order areas, with the direction of information flow modulated by processing demands.
9532h agoNerve growth factor (NGF) injections into healthy mouse knees cause pain sensitization, joint swelling, nerve growth, and bone changes similar to those seen in osteoarthritis.
9532h agoA distributed corticolimbic circuit, including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala, dynamically modulates evidence accumulation during social-affective decision-making under perceptual ambiguity.
9532h agoIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder are less likely to have asymmetrical paracingulate sulcus patterns in the brain compared to neurotypical individuals.
9532h agoTheta and gamma oscillations coordinate neural activity during sequence memory by interacting with single-unit activity and theta phases to form a phase-based code for sequential memories.
9532h agoEEG components relate to cognition indirectly through their relationship with oculomotor action, not directly as previously thought.
9532h agoArcuate Kiss1 neurons regulate energy expenditure in male mice by activating brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through a neural circuit that involves glutamatergic projections to the dorsomedial hypothalamus.
9536h agoVariation in autism-associated genes disrupts experience-dependent neuron remodeling and circuit plasticity, leading to changes in behavior, with specific genes impacting neurite outgrowth and circuit function.
9536h agoOptical methods can now map the connections between brain cells with high sensitivity, high throughput, and cell-type specificity, revealing that even brain cells in the same layer receive vastly different levels of synaptic input.
9536h agoStimulation of the temporal cortex enhances learning and memory by activating specific excitatory neurons and strengthening cell assemblies, and this effect is supported by specific gene networks.
9536h agoSpatial long-read technologies, such as Spl-ISO-Seq2, can now reveal isoform variability within individual cell types in the brain at a resolution of 220nm.
9536h agoA neural mass model describes how two groups of neurons interact to make binary perceptual decisions, influenced by external inputs and their own interactions.
9540h agoRecent progress shows that specific cells in the brain, called pyramidal neurons, play a key role in generating and controlling consciousness through a special mechanism that disrupts feedback signaling.
9540h agoA new method infers a neuron's membrane voltage, biophysical parameters, and position relative to a probe using only extracellular voltage measurements.
9540h agoDifferent languages share a common neural basis for conceptual meaning, and language models trained on various languages converge on this shared meaning.
9540h agoSentience in machines requires sensory signals that are both persistent and qualitative to allow artificial agents to have a subjective experience.
9540h agoThe visual areas in the brain form a network that jointly represents visual information, with their relationships determined by factors such as cortical distance, categorical selectivity, and position within the visual hierarchy.
9540h agoQuantum cognition research finds that human cognitive processes and quantum entities share a similar conceptual nature, but manifest it differently in specific contexts.
9540h agoTargeted stimulation of the most central neurons in a neural network enhances signal propagation between weakly connected neural populations.
9540h agoNumerical simulations show that a ring topology achieves a high level of complete synchronization using Terahertz modeling.
9540h agoAdding a third wave to a two-wave configuration increases particle escape rates and changes transport properties in tokamak edge plasmas.
9540h agoA novel strategy that combines intermittent instantaneous and time-delayed coupling between two airfoils enlarges the amplitude death regime, enhancing flutter suppression and improving structural reliability in aircraft.
9540h agoThe Dirac-Bianconi operator enables interactions between dynamics on nodes, links, and higher-order structures in networks, inducing behaviors such as periodic oscillations.
9540h agoThe rd-spiral library simulates 2D reaction-diffusion systems and finds extreme non-Gaussian statistics in stable spiral states, along with changes in activator-inhibitor coupling during turbulence.
9540h agoA method inspired by the growth of a protist is used to identify optimal and suboptimal graphs that connect different nodes in space for designing communication systems like railway networks.
9540h agoPhase reduction can describe multidimensional oscillators with a single phase variable, and now a general theory applies this technique to higher-order interactions, preserving the topology and showing odd couplings affect dynamics.
9540h agoFree fermions emerge in quantum circuits with specific geometries constructed from local unitary gates, and symmetric circuit constructions lead to a free fermionic spectrum.
9540h agoBPS kinks with internal structures emerge from the coupling of two scalar fields through a generalizing function, exhibiting a two-kink profile due to geometrical constrictions.
9540h agoA graph represents basic properties of a dynamical system, with nodes often being maximal limit sets and edges connecting nodes with trajectories having forward and backward limit sets in different nodes.
9540h agoThe dynamics of a one-dimensional billiard of point particles with alternating masses exhibits universal power-law dependencies, characterized by the emergence of a shock wave and a splash region, with observables following asymptotic power laws that approach universal values over time.
9540h agoFollowerstopper, a control system on an autonomous vehicle, regulates its velocity to mitigate traffic jams by using the relative distance and velocity of the leader car to prevent collisions.
9540h agoStrong disorder causes both topological and trivial phases in a fermionic chain to become gapless, and the transition between them is governed by fluctuation scales, not average values.
9540h agoEquilibrium propagation allows mechanical and electronic systems to autonomously acquire complex functionality by computing the gradient of a cost function from the response to external forcing.
9540h agoThe tendency of Hamiltonian evolution to scramble quantum information and increase entanglement causes the arrow of time in quantum many-body systems.
9540h agoAn ensemble nonlinear optical learner, which uses electrically tunable linear scattering in a liquid-crystal-polymer composite film, improves computing performance and inference accuracy in image classification tasks by combining results from multiple learners.
9540h agoClosed-loop learning of models from their own generated data converges to biased outcomes, but can be prevented by adding a small fraction of data from a fixed model, using maximum a posteriori estimation, or introducing regularisation.
9540h agoFluid mercury exhibits neutral atom-like screening at densities less than 9.25 g/cm$^3$ at a temperature of 1750 K, where a gap emerges in the electronic density of states.
9540h agoThe study establishes a duality between output controllability and functional observability, showing that one implies the other under certain conditions.
9540h agoThe generalized PBH test for functional observability and output controllability is valid for a broader class of systems, enabling partial estimation and control of the system state.
9540h agoHeterogeneity imposed by randomizing material parameters in discrete models does not replicate stress oscillations and local behavior of models with heterogeneity dictated by geometric structure.
9540h agoSineKAN, a neural quantum state based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, accurately captures ground state energies, fidelities, and correlation functions of several quantum many-body systems.
9540h agoA new algorithm called microcanonical simulated annealing (MicSA) dramatically reduces the need for random numbers in computer simulations, making it suitable for massively parallel computation.
9540h agoCortical surface-recorded potentials propagate to scalp electrodes both far from and near to the generating location, representing a complex mixture of distributed cortical source activities.
9544h agoAPOE ε4 carriers with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers show weaker cortical reinstatement during memory retrieval and lower memory performance, and this genetic risk factor moderates the effects of AD pathology on brain function.
9544h agoAmphetamine and nicotine decrease sucrose intake in a dose-dependent manner, but their effects on feeding do not differ by sex.
9544h agoThe Spike-sorting Lapse Amelioration System (SLAy) algorithm automatically merges oversplit spike clusters, improving efficiency and reproducibility in the spike-sorting pipeline for electrophysiology data analysis.
9544h agoTwo rat models of Parkinson's disease, AAV-delivered human mutant alpha synuclein and alpha synuclein preformed fibril injection, disrupt different biological pathways, including dopaminergic signaling, mitochondria, immune response, and autophagy.
9544h agoThe reproduction of perceived distances is influenced by two biases, central tendency and serial dependence, which persist regardless of the level of autocorrelation in a stimulus sequence.
9544h agoFine-mapping analysis identifies specific risk genes for bipolar disorder, providing new insights into its biology.
9548h agoActivating the connection from the infralimbic cortex to the nucleus accumbens shell reduces cocaine seeking behaviour triggered by drug-associated cues and drug availability signals.
9548h agoDisrupting collagen IV in brain microvessels causes cerebral microbleeds, cognitive decline, and motor problems in mice, similar to those seen in humans with cerebral small vessel disease.
9548h agoBiomechanical strain changes the behavior of astrocytes in the optic nerve head, altering their shape, metabolism, and gene expression in a way that depends on the level and duration of strain.
9548h agoThe brain's resting-state activity indicates a person's readiness for creative insight and predicts Aha experiences, with different brain networks linked to novelty and feasibility in creative performance.
9548h agoHumans combine haptic cutaneous and hand configuration cues optimally to judge the size of objects held between their thumb and index fingers.
9548h agoZebrafish retinal regeneration relies on β1b chain-containing laminins to regulate Muller glia reprogramming, retinal cell proliferation, and neuroprotection of photoreceptors.
9548h agoSilencing the MSH3 gene blocks the progression of Huntington's disease in mice by stopping the expansion of toxic DNA repeats and reducing brain cell damage.
9548h agoLoss of the MECP2 gene causes Rett Syndrome by disrupting chromatin homeostasis in a way that differs by neuron type and specific mutation.
9548h agoBrain tumors cause structural changes in the unaffected hemisphere of the brain, and these changes evolve over time and are linked to poorer cognitive performance after surgery.
9548h agoHigher-order interactions among multiple brain regions provide a powerful framework for capturing the brain's dynamics, and metrics measuring these interactions align with the brain's functional hierarchy and outperform traditional models in characterizing individual brain function.
9548h agoNormative modeling of brain oscillations using MEGaNorm provides a framework for quantifying individual deviations from typical brain development and identifying abnormalities in neuropsychiatric conditions.
9548h agoThe adolescent brain changes how it handles threat and safety between ages 12 and 17, with younger adolescents using the hippocampus and older adolescents using a network including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
9548h agoSocial jetlag is associated with weaker brain connections, less resilient brain networks, and altered brain activity in adolescents, which can affect emotional regulation, social function, and cognitive abilities.
9548h agoA new model of Alzheimer's disease reveals that the disease causes time-progressive accumulation of amyloid beta, loss of monomeric Tau, and neuronal hyperexcitability, which can be normalized with autophagy activators.
9548h agoBeta suppression in the fronto-cingulo-somatosensory network serves as a neural marker of interoceptive processing, and is more pronounced during interoceptive attention, correlating with interoceptive accuracy.
9548h agoPeople's rhythmic ability follows a pattern where timing errors and variability decrease during childhood, increase in older adults, and improve with musical experience, even in real-life situations.
9548h agoThe misalignment of the eye's optical components requires a new understanding of binocular and oculomotor vision, and a new formulation of Listings law explains how the eyes work together to control movement.
9548h agoA computational virtual patient pipeline forecasts patient perceptual capabilities with neural implants, bridging the gap between vision restoration efforts and predicting user perception.
9548h agoSensory operators can be understood through a new geometric framework that describes perceptual processes as measuring distances over a sensory manifold, capturing a wide range of empirical effects associated with elementary sensory computations.
9548h agoThe frontal cortex responds more strongly to sounds that signal a change in action than to sounds that indicate maintaining current actions, and does so consistently even when the same sounds have opposite meanings in different tasks.
9548h agoVCP inhibition restores rhodopsin trafficking and prevents photoreceptor cell death in a model of inherited retinal degeneration.
9548h agoContingency awareness shapes the neural circuitry involved in visceral pain-related fear and safety learning, with aware individuals showing different brain activation patterns to pain-predictive cues.
9548h agoHigher gut microbiota diversity is associated with lower cortisol stress reactivity and lower levels of experienced stress in healthy adults.
9548h agoThe brain tracks and adapts to the fine-grained temporal patterns in touchscreen behavior to support efficient smartphone interactions.
9548h agoPre-stimulus brain activity influences memory formation by preparing the brain for optimal multisensory integration, with alpha oscillations specifically enhancing recognition memory performance.
9548h agoValue information from other brain regions modulates the activity of Superior Colliculus neurons to facilitate faster eye movements towards high-valued objects.
9548h agoMitochondrial diseases cause cognitive deficits in areas such as executive function, working memory, and mental and physical fatigue, and altered brain activity in individuals with more severe impairment.
9548h agoBeta-bursts in the brain play a key role in inhibitory control, with specific bursts linked to stopping and suppressing motor output in older adults.
9548h agoVariants in GBA1 increase the risk of synucleinopathies by causing toxic effects of misfolded glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of lipid substrates due to reduced enzyme activity.
9548h agoIncreasing activity in entorhinal cortex neurons does not promote the regrowth of injured mature entorhinal axons, suggesting that both external and internal factors influence the regenerative response.
9548h agoImproving the writing of titles and abstracts can be done through different strategies.
9552h agoHumanists are engaging with artificial intelligence to adopt language models as tools and shape them to better represent written culture.
9552h agoPatients with mild cognitive impairment require lower energy to change brain activity in the limbic network and have decreased overall brain activity randomness compared to healthy controls.
9552h agoThe supraorbital nerve presents the most accessible target for trigeminal nerve stimulation due to its superficial location, but its stimulation may preferentially activate cutaneous nociceptors, which could lead to off-target side effects.
9552h agoBrain dynamics can be described in a lower-dimensional space, and interactions between brain regions, including synergy and redundancy, are preserved by certain dimensionality reduction techniques, with nonlinear autoencoders being most effective in preserving synergy.
9552h agoThe brain rapidly uses high-level visual predictions to guide perception, and stimulus-evoked responses are increased by surprise based on these high-level predictions, not low-level sensory details.
9552h agoStructural embedding affects the spectral profiles of neural fluctuations, and a new model, chromatic dynamic causal model, reveals a linear mapping between regional structural valency and the spectral exponent of neural fluctuations.
9552h agoChlamydia pneumoniae infection in the retina is linked to Alzheimer's disease, with increased levels of the bacteria and related inflammatory proteins found in the retinas and brains of people with the disease.
9552h agoImplicit threat memories can be selectively modified through post-reactivation interventions, affecting both physiological and cognitive-emotional domains.
9556h agoAstrocyte CB1 receptor signaling promotes inflammation and worsens multiple sclerosis-like pathology in mice by increasing immune cell infiltration and blood-brain barrier damage.
9560h agoRepeating a visual stimulus leads to changes in brain activity, including reduced neuronal spike rates, increased gamma-band synchronization, and altered alpha-beta activity, which are specific to the stimulus and occur throughout the brain's visual processing areas.
9560h agoBrain regions process thoughts about one's own mind and others' minds differently, with some areas decoding mental states specific to self or other, and others decoding mental states in general.
9560h agoMeasuring protein abundance is essential for understanding development and disease, and researchers found extensive discordance between protein and mRNA levels across cell types, particularly in genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
9560h agoHippocampal neurons integrate spatial and non-spatial information through a continuum of linear and nonlinear computations, challenging the traditional dichotomy of spatial versus non-spatial representations.
9560h agoMaternal singing helps preterm infants' brain development by eliciting a distinct neural response, and the mother's own voice has a special effect on their brain activity.
9560h agoGradual sensory development helps human infants develop robust and generalizable visual representations, resist bias, and adapt to new information.
9560h agoIntermittent hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia models of white matter injury affect oligodendrocyte populations differently in the internal capsule and corpus callosum, with distinct changes in myelination and inflammatory cell activation.
9560h agoDepression can be assessed through various human behaviours, and machine learning models have been developed to automatically assess depression from these behaviours.
9564h agoThe existence of machine consciousness is proved using a novel paradigm and set-theoretic formalism based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.
9564h agoHigher-order representations encode information about the reliability, source, or structure of first-order representations, and metacognitive estimates of uncertainty reflect a read-out of these representations, combining current uncertainty and learned distributions over expected uncertainty.
9564h agoMR-LFADS, a new data-driven model, disentangles communication between brain regions, inputs from unobserved areas, and local neural activity, providing a more accurate portrait of inter-regional communication.
9564h agoThis study explores how lifestyle choices, subjective experiences, and objective biometric data relate to each other in one person over 26 months.
9564h agoThe arcuate fasciculus in macaques originates in the temporal-parietal cortex and projects into prefrontal regions, but differs from humans in having less expansion into the middle temporal gyrus and weaker prefrontal and parietal operculum connectivity.
9564h agoThe chain of contagion task measures contagious beliefs by assessing how contamination spreads through contact, and research shows that people with contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder have a strong bias towards these beliefs, with the task's effectiveness plateauing after 8 pens are used.
9564h agoCombining deep neural networks and large language models creates a more accurate prediction of how the human brain processes visual information.
9564h agoThe specific wiring configurations of the cortex, known as the connectome, mainly affect rapid communication between distant brain areas, while having little impact on slower, spontaneous brain activity.
9564h agoThe Markov blanket density, a measure of conditional independence between internal and external states, is a necessary foundation for the Free Energy Principle, and its spatial gradients give rise to active inference dynamics.
9564h agoBrainSAIL links neural selectivity with visual concepts in natural scenes by leveraging artificial neural networks to provide insights into the brain's functional topology.
9564h agoTwo examples of fully-nonlinear symmetry-integrable evolution equations with algebraic nonlinearities are derived, specifically one class of 3rd-order equations and a 5th-order equation.
9564h agoThe interplay between nonlinear couplings and mismatched frequencies in optical nonlinear Kerr couplers leads to rich and complex dynamics, including multiple stable attractors and transitions from regular to chaotic behavior.
9564h agoSynchronization between clusters of mobile oscillators in a network is affected by their spatial closeness.
9564h agoNonlinear Hermitian systems and linear non-Hermitian systems both exhibit non-orthogonal states and state coincidence at degeneracy points, which helps explain characteristics of nonlinear localized waves.
9564h agoThe reconstruction map for semiclassical bulk operators in JT gravity ensures the spectrum of the fundamental quantum theory matches known results and leads to analytical predictions for wormhole length dynamics, including non-monotonic behavior and suppressed fluctuations.
9564h agoThe Parametric Hypernetwork for Learning Interpolated Networks (PHLieNet) framework enables a unified model to capture dynamic behavior across a broad range of system parameterizations by learning a global mapping from parameter space to a nonlinear embedding.
9564h agoThe thermocapillary deformational thin-film model produces square and hexagonal patterns in a fluid through a conserved long-wave instability at a critical Marangoni number, which can lead to film rupture.
9564h agoNonreciprocal coupling in a chain of nonlinear oscillators induces bifurcations of attractors, transitions to chaos and hyper-chaos, and amplitude saturation with decreasing profiles.
9564h agoDark states are present in XY models, but only for specific configurations of the central spin magnetic field.
9564h agoHigher-order interactions in complex systems promote cooperation, but also facilitate invasions that lead to defection, and often result in bistable states of mutual defection and cooperation.
9564h agoHolographic deep thermalization is a secure and hardware-efficient method for generating genuine random quantum states with minimal resources.
9564h agoNonlinear optimal disturbances in channel flow achieve highest energy growth by mimicking streak spacing and amplitude consistent with turbulent flows.
9564h agoSurface tension can cause an elastic cylinder to become unstable and form a periodic sequence of bulges, known as beading instability, when the cylinder is sufficiently soft or axially stretched.
9564h agoThe TTW system has a hidden algebra $g^{(k)}$ that includes its Hamiltonian and integrals, which form a polynomial algebra of integrals of order $(k+1)$.
9564h agoThis information theory explains how memoryful agents moving through complex environments process information over time as they interact with and interpret stimuli.
9564h agoThe local entropy of the asymmetric binary perceptron breaks down for constraint densities in the interval (0.77,0.78), matching the range that current solvers can handle.
9564h agoIterating defects into a crystal lattice creates non-ergodic multifractal states, which have anomalous slow dynamics and offer new pathways for quantum transport studies.
9564h agoA new method maps Restricted Boltzmann Machines onto generalized Potts models, enabling the extraction of interactions up to arbitrary order in complex systems.
9564h agoThe effective conductivity of 2D and 3D Random Resistor Networks with random edge conductivity depends on both geometrical disorder and conductivity randomness.
9564h agoNeuralized fermionic tensor network states achieve order of magnitude improvements in ground-state energy for Fermi-Hubbard models compared to pure fermionic tensor networks, and offer a physically motivated alternative with improved computational scaling.
9564h agoThe Hamilton--Jacobi equation from mean-field spin glass models has a meaning in the viscosity sense, and has well-posedness, comparison principle, and a solution that can be represented by a Hopf--Lax formula under certain conditions.
9564h agoHolographic deep thermalization is a secure and hardware-efficient method for generating genuine random quantum states with minimal resources.
9564h agoThe intrinsic quantum Mpemba effect exists in Markovian systems and quantum circuits, where a system farther from equilibrium reaches steady state faster than one closer to equilibrium.
9564h agoMachine learning models' training can be improved by optimizing perturbations as first-passage processes, allowing for enhanced speedups and better generalization.
9564h agoThe visual system balances stability and flexibility by using stimulus representations in sensory cortex for stability and task representations in parietal and frontal cortex for flexibility.
9564h agoThe human brain uses less energy than other mammals for computation, and its energy consumption varies depending on the type of task, with more distributed computations requiring more energy.
9564h agoXylazine causes severe respiratory depression, which when combined with fentanyl, leads to a life-threatening condition that cannot be easily reversed by naloxone.
9564h agoDivided attention enhances implicit sensorimotor adaptation when it coincides with error feedback, but has no effect when it occurs after error feedback.
9564h agoAdolescent females with heightened neural sensitivity to social threats show changes in immune pathways, particularly those with a maternal history of depression.
9564h agoBotulinum neurotoxin type A1 disrupts neurotransmitter release in human sensory neurons by cleaving SNAP-25 and downregulating genes responsible for neurotransmitter and neuropeptide release.
9564h agoDeep neural networks that process visual information like the human brain often create perceptual illusions, but their ability to do so does not directly relate to their accuracy or similarity to brain activity.
9564h agoInter-brain synchrony between child-caregiver dyads differs in Autism Spectrum Disorder and can predict core symptoms of the disorder, with distinct brain networks involved during cooperative tasks and free-talking.
9564h agoHigher pre-stimulus brain activity in certain frequency bands is associated with larger responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation, indicating a more excitable cortical and corticospinal state.
9564h agoChronic tumour necrosis factor-alpha signalling impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis by triggering an interferon loop that recruits T cells and switches the fate of hippocampal progenitor cells from producing neurons to an immune-defensive phenotype.
9564h agoAn active pixel power control approach preserves signal quality while minimizing interference between optogenetic manipulation and calcium imaging, allowing for more accurate dissection of neural circuits.
9564h agoNeural responses to specific words in the human hippocampus are a weighted sum of the word's non-contextual meaning and the meaning of surrounding words.
9572h agoInfants' brains process temporal prediction, which underlies social interaction, from birth, with neural activity initially driven by sensory input and later becoming more complex through experience.
9572h agoPyruvate concentration in neurons can be measured at single-cell resolution using a minimally invasive protocol with a FRET-based fluorescent indicator called Pyronic.
9572h agoHawkmoth lamina monopolar cells, which feed into the motion pathway, process contrast and luminance information in a similar manner, and their spatial processing properties are also highly similar, due to the density and distribution of their synapses across different lamina layers.
9576h agoThe retrosplenial cortex has different areas that process visual and positional information in distinct ways, with anterior areas encoding high-speed visual motion and precise position, and posterior areas responding to low-speed stimuli and broader position-related activity.
9576h agoMAPseq2, an updated tool for mapping neuron projections, offers improved barcode detection sensitivity and lower costs compared to its predecessor.
9576h agoFlies integrate visual and mechanosensory information to actively move their antennae in response to changing airflow and visual environments during flight.
9576h agoRNAsmol, a sequence-based deep learning framework, predicts RNA-small molecule interactions by integrating perturbation and augmentation to achieve robust predictions under limited data.
9580h agoLarge language models can be integrated into chemical research as research partners, but their use requires addressing ethical and performance-based challenges.
9580h agoA new fMRI method detects lies about face recognition by identifying brain regions specific to familiarity with individual faces, and finds activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus to be a reliable indicator.
9580h agoHigh-resolution 3D magnetic-resonance spectroscopic imaging detects subtle neurometabolic alterations in young people at risk for psychosis, including higher levels of certain brain chemicals in frontal grey matter.
9580h agoChildren with Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (SeLECTS) have abnormally high connections between motor and language areas in the brain during language tasks, which predicts poor phonological awareness.
9580h agoThe hippocampus and reward processing pathways in the brain converge at the level of individual neurons in the nucleus accumbens, allowing for integration of environmental information and reward processing.
9584h agoCocaine changes the excitability of brain cells in the nucleus accumbens core differently in male and female mice, with females' brain cell changes varying across their estrous cycle.
9584h agoDendritic polyglycerol amine (dPGA) coated substrates support long-term mixed glial cultures, allowing for multiple isolations of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and increasing cellular yield.
9584h agoBrain size measures are strongly related to age and sex, with total brain volume and other brain measures better predicted by age, and total intracranial volume predicted by sex.
9584h agoThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in threat appraisal and represents novelty, pain, and changing fear associations, and its neuronal populations dynamically update fear representations in response to conditioned stimuli.
9584h agoPsychedelics increase myelination activity in female mice with a genetic mutation linked to demyelinating disorders, but not in male mice, and this effect may lead to new treatments for myelin-related issues.
9588h agoPaceLLM, a new Large Language Model, improves long-context capabilities by mimicking the brain's working memory and neural specialization, achieving performance gains of up to 17.5% on certain tasks and extending measurable context length to 200K tokens.
9588h agoBuilding a language understanding system that allows humans to collaborate with physical robots using natural language requires integrating a cognitive agent with a large language model.
9588h agoNeural machine translation models and human memory models share similar mechanisms for using context to guide memory search.
9588h agoThe key to advancing brain-like AI or Artificial General Intelligence lies in understanding the relationship between cognition and computation.
9588h agoPerceptual multistability offers insights into cognitive functions and dysfunctions, and can be used as a non-invasive tool for clinical applications by bridging computational psychiatry subfields and linking human and animal studies.
9588h agoThe projected normal distribution's moments can be approximated using Taylor expansions, and generalizations of the distribution can be used to model data in various applications, including systems neuroscience.
9588h agoBrainSymphony, a lightweight foundation model, achieves state-of-the-art performance in neuroimaging by processing functional and structural MRI data through parallel transformer streams and a Perceiver module.
9588h agoConsciousness emerges as a cycle of inference shaped by emotion and refined by cognition, which integrates experience across time through a unified cause-effect structure.
9588h agoThe human brain organizes visual information in a scale-free way, with neural representations in the visual cortex following a consistent pattern where their variance decreases as a power law across a wide range of dimensions.
9588h agoThe surrogate gradient neural tangent kernel enables analysis of surrogate gradient learning, a method that substitutes a surrogate derivative for the derivative of a neural network's activation function, allowing it to be applied to networks with non-differentiable activation functions.
9588h agoDiffusion models exhibit a memorization phase with distinct basins of attraction around each training sample in the small data regime, and a generalization phase with new attractor states in the large data regime, where spurious states emerge at the boundary.
9588h agoA new dual-branch deep learning model accurately distinguishes among six distinct classes of time series data, including periodic, chaotic, and noisy patterns, by analyzing recurrence plot images.
9588h agoA robotic mechanical metamaterial develops spatial and temporal oscillations in its displacement field when a feedback parameter in its reaction kinetics is varied, allowing for exploration and prescription of patterning responses in non-equilibrium systems.
9588h agoA higher-order approximation of the transverse discontinuity mapping accurately predicts the dynamics of impact oscillators operating near a pre-stressed soft barrier, overcoming the inaccuracies of linearized models.
9588h agoDarboux's determinant formulae for solving linear hyperbolic second-order PDEs have discrete analogs that work for discrete and semi-discrete hyperbolic operators with finite Laplace series.
9588h agoQuasi-determinants form a fundamental algebraic structure underlying noncommutative integrable equations, allowing for the derivation of equations such as ncKP and ncKdV and their explicit matrix-valued soliton solutions.
9588h agoTopological protection enables robust oscillations at the edges of a two-dimensional grid of coupled oscillators, while the bulk of the grid transitions to a state of oscillation death.
9588h agoEconomic inequality and social factors drive human societies to be unstable, according to a model that combines economic growth with the spread of social dissatisfaction.
9588h agoThe activation energy for thermal phase slips in a superconducting strip scales as $\Delta F^\text{2D}\propto (1-I/I_c)^{3/4}$ with the instanton size depending on the current and Ginzburg-Landau coherence length.
9588h agoA new theory proposes that a large pressure difference between a low-pressure line and its surroundings can cause a tornado to form when it increases vorticity inside a squeezed vortex tube.
9588h agoStructured Kolmogorov-Arnold Neural ODEs (SKANODEs) integrate structured state-space modeling with neural networks to create accurate and interpretable models of nonlinear dynamical systems.
9588h agoReducing the filter bandwidth of a tunable spectral filter causes noise-like pulse emission in a passively mode-locked fiber laser to evolve into a bound-state regime.
9588h agoFaraday waves emerge in self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates when a periodic modulation of the scattering length drives collective excitations, interacting with the intrinsic Jeans instability.
9588h agoA new network reduction framework accurately preserves epidemic spreading dynamics and information flow in complex networks by extracting subgraphs and optimizing node removal and edge pruning.
9588h agoDebris charge fluctuations in a flowing plasma trigger complex phenomena, including chaos and nonlinear Landau damping, and cause damping of the ion-acoustic wave, with differing effects for positively and negatively charged debris.
9588h agoThe Kuralay equations, including Kuralay-I and Kuralay-II, are gauge equivalent and have integrable motion of space curves, with soliton solutions found using the Hirota bilinear method.
9588h agoThe recurrence coefficients in a sequence of monic symmetric polynomials, orthogonal to a symmetric sextic Freud weight, satisfy a fourth-order nonlinear discrete equation and exhibit chaotic, pseudo-oscillatory behaviour as parameters vary.
9588h agoThe KP integrability of non-perturbative topological recursion is proved, which is a formal deformation of the Krichever construction of algebro-geometric solutions of the KP hierarchy.
9588h agoA bidirectional machine can optimally predict a system's future and retrodict its past by capturing all statistical correlations in its state structure.
9588h agoA new class of dynamical quantum instability in driven magnets leads to the enhancement of antiferromagnetic correlations through a two-stage process involving parametric amplification and secondary instability.
9588h agoVacancy defects in a 2D geometrically frustrating magnet cause a peak in the heat capacity at a temperature determined by the concentration of the defects.
9588h agoThe derivation of critical capacity for a quantum perceptron has issues, and an alternative approach shows a different critical capacity.
9588h agoHarmonic chains with random spring constants and masses have a spectral density that follows a power law at low frequency, with an exponent that exhibits phase transitions based on the distributions of the spring constants and masses.
9588h agoAutomataGPT, a transformer model, accurately forecasts and infers the rules of cellular automata, enabling the abstraction of real-world dynamical phenomena into simple models.
9588h agoQuantum annealers can be used to study magnetic hysteresis, and experiments on them show robust memory retention in hysteresis loops.
9588h agoPhotonic neural networks can accurately analyze partially-polarized light beams and determine their polarization properties with precision comparable to traditional polarimeters.
9588h agoA single-particle mobility edge induces a smooth crossover in dynamical signatures, with entanglement entropy and subsystem information capacity showing a mixed nature of localized and extended eigenstates.
9588h agoMeasurement alone can drive a system into different entanglement phases, and a new framework maps entanglement evolution under unitaries and measurements into a classical spin problem.
9588h agoStructural disorder in nanoparticle assemblies broadens the polaritonic stop band and near-field hot-spot distribution, but does not alter the polariton dispersion and coupling strength.
9588h agoThe configuration space of thermally disordered condensed matter systems can be quantified by reconstructing the lattice from the Voronoi cells of the atoms.
9588h agoHigh-throughput screening identifies flexible magnetic materials with efficient transverse thermoelectric conversion, yielding seven high-performance candidates with anomalous Nernst coefficients of up to 4.8 uV/K.
9588h agoXenophobic interactions can impede consensus on social networks, and the ability to reach consensus declines as the number of topics discussed increases.
9588h agoTight-binding models on Bravais lattices with anisotropic onsite potentials can have an E=0 flat band when hoppings and potential shapes are tuned, and this flat band exhibits a localization transition or remains localized depending on the potential strength and type.
9588h agoSubsystem information capacity serves as a valuable tool for studying the intrinsic nature of various dynamical phases, including integrable, localized, thermalized, and topological systems.
9588h agoThe surrogate gradient neural tangent kernel enables analysis of surrogate gradient learning, a method that substitutes a surrogate derivative for the derivative of a neural network's activation function, allowing it to be applied to networks with non-differentiable activation functions.
9588h agoQuantum many-body systems with no conservation laws develop irreversible relaxation, with all their resonances converging inside a certain boundary, leading to chaotic behavior.
9588h agoRandom fiber networks' mechanical behavior is determined by a small subset of load-bearing fibers that form force chains, and their structure-function relationships can be predicted from structural information using an analytical approach.
9588h agoDiffusion models exhibit a memorization phase with distinct basins of attraction around each training sample in the small data regime, and a generalization phase with new attractor states in the large data regime, where spurious states emerge at the boundary.
9588h agoWAY-100635, a clinically tested drug, protects retinal ganglion cells from metabolic collapse by boosting mitochondrial function and suppressing cell death, preserving vision in glaucoma models.
9588h agoFMR1 gene deficiency causes late-onset hyperexcitability in striatal neurons, leading to behavioral and motor deficits in Fragile X Syndrome.
9596h agoClimbing fibers activate MLI2s more than MLI1s through glutamate spillover, disinhibiting Purkinje cells and enhancing dendritic calcium signals necessary for plasticity and learning.
9596h agoThe semantic control network and the multiple demand network respond differently to semantic control demands, with the semantic control network activated by task knowledge and the multiple demand network activated by input modality.
9596h agoThe brain uses a mix of slow and fast oscillations to facilitate communication within and between neural populations, and this multi-frequency activity happens when the balance of inhibitory and excitatory signals is within a specific range.
9596h agoMitochondria in different parts of neurons have distinct calcium dynamics and molecular mechanisms that regulate their function.
9596h agoNR2F1 and NR2F6 transcription factors drive neural repair by promoting corticospinal regeneration, robust midline sprouting, and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
9600h agoClosed-loop electrical stimulation prevents pathological neural communication that drives the spread of the epileptic network and helps preserve long-term memory in focal epilepsy.
9604h agoNeuropixels1.0 NHP, a high-density silicon probe, records large numbers of neurons with single-neuron resolution from most areas in a macaque’s brain.
9604h agoA novel pre-trained model called EpiNT enables unified analysis of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) to improve epilepsy diagnosis and treatment.
9612h agoHomogeneous Differentiators can effectively denoise measurements and faithfully reconstruct attractors of nonlinear systems, leading to drastically improved quality and resolution of the reconstructed attractors.
9612h agoA new type of artificial neural network, called the resonant reservoir network (RRN), uses oscillatory dynamics to classify different types of signals, such as brain rhythms, visual and auditory signals, with few trainable parameters.
9612h agoFlow state, characterized by deep and relaxed concentration, correlates with brain activity measured through EEG, and specific psychological exercises can enhance flow during athletic performance.
9612h agoHigher doses of anti-seizure medications shorten seizure duration by a mechanism that is not related to stopping the spread of seizures.
9612h agoEnvironmental structure influences planning strategies, with people favoring hierarchical planning in structured environments and shortest path planning in unstructured environments.
9612h agoVisual image reconstruction has advanced with deep neural networks and generative models, allowing for detailed, subjective visual experiences to be decoded from brain activity into images.
9612h agoRelying heavily on AI systems and digital tools risks weakening human memory and impairs the development of expertise, critical thinking, and long-term retention.
9612h agoThe Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems have explicitly described low-dimensional Liouville tori.
9612h agoThe difference in Lagrangian Descriptor values between two neighboring trajectories offers a direct and intuitive measure of dynamical behavior, matching or surpassing the accuracy of more complex methods in detecting chaos in dynamical systems.
9612h agoStochastic martingale turnover naturally leads to a balanced population of cells in biological systems, such as intestinal immune regulation, without the need for specific control mechanisms.
9612h agoA novel type of transition between synchrony and incoherence is discovered where the synchronous state does not connect to the state of incoherence.
9612h agoBeating solitons with nonzero relative wavenumber exist in three-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and they interact uniquely with vector Akhmediev breathers.
9612h agoOptimality principles in nonequilibrium transport networks are linked to a thermodynamic formalism that helps quantify the distance from non-equilibrium operating points and understand optimality under different constraints.
9612h agoThe trace of the time evolution operator in the kicked Ising model behaves as a complex Gaussian random variable with open boundary conditions at the self-dual point.
9612h agoClassical Yang-Mills theories have an exact integrability structure with an infinite number of conserved charges, which leads to novel symmetries and potentially allows hadrons to carry these charges.
9612h agoStrategic leaps in spatially structured populations shift the balance of cyclic dominance in rock-paper-scissors dynamics, allowing the dominant species to change and potentially promoting or jeopardizing biodiversity depending on mobility.
9612h agoA generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem describes the link between forced and free fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems using the Koopman operator formalism.
9612h agoThe two-photon Dicke model exhibits a phase transition from a normal to a superradiant phase and displays spectral collapse.
9612h agoA nanomechanical beam with two coupled bistable modes exhibits four stable regions in the frequency domain, separated by curves that mark robust inter-state transitions, similar to a multi-phase thermodynamic system.
9612h agoA dynamic model of a universal joint with radial clearance shows that clearance causes impact-induced oscillations, quasi-periodic motion, and chaotic dynamics.
9612h agoThe nonlinear steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problems associated with homogeneous Painleve II equations can be systematically expanded to obtain higher-order contributions.
9612h agoA reduced order model with 8 degrees of freedom accurately captures the periodic and chaotic behaviors of a nonlinear flexible oscillator, including its bifurcation structure, using proper orthogonal decomposition and energy closure analysis.
9612h agoHybrid quantum integrable systems occur naturally in the semiclassical limit of quantum integrable systems and combine quantum and classical integrable components.
9612h agoThe variational free energy principle provides a mathematical approach to model systems made of coupled objects by representing their dependence relationships, allowing for a parsimonious explanation of system dynamics.
9612h agoOscillator networks can be used as a computational resource, and a universal framework has been developed to harness them by training a feedback-loop to emulate a target system.
9612h agoA new population dynamic model describes all global population growth regimes over the past 12,000 years and predicts two possible future scenarios: one where the population suddenly rises to unsustainable levels by 2078, and another where it drops by half by 2064 due to a global ecological crisis.
9612h agoTissue-scale spatial structure can make tumours more resilient to immunotherapy by creating spatially-patterned states that persist even when standard models predict a cancer-free state.
9612h agoTraining autoregressive models for longer horizons worsens convergence due to accumulating prediction errors, but models trained on long horizons still generalize well to short-term forecasts.
9612h agoClustering and degree correlations in complex networks alter the percolation threshold and critical exponents, differing from predictions made by mean-field theories.
9612h ago$\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry drives phase transitions and emergent physics in quantum systems, and its conservation in disordered systems leads to decoupled subspaces where certain initial states do not decay over long timescales, violating thermalization for generic local observables.
9612h agoA new algorithm, microcanonical simulated annealing, dramatically reduces the need for random numbers in computer simulations, allowing for faster and more efficient computation.
9612h agoMore ductile glasses have a higher probability of experiencing unusual first plastic events at low strain, which resemble avalanches but are not system-spanning.
9612h agoA bio-inspired photonic system mimicking the retina achieves high accuracy in image classification and segmentation tasks with minimal data, outperforming software-based neural networks.
9612h agoThe Maximum-Average Subtensor problem involves finding a subtensor with maximum sum of entries in a given random tensor, and its equilibrium and algorithmic properties in the tensor case are similar to those in the matrix case.
9612h agoBidisperse granular packings exhibit a low-frequency plateau in vibrational properties, while polycrystalline packings do not, due to differences in contact network rearrangements during jamming and unjamming.
9612h agoA new population dynamic model describes all global population growth regimes over the past 12,000 years and predicts two possible future scenarios: one where the population suddenly rises to unsustainable levels by 2078, and another where it drops by half by 2064 due to a global ecological crisis.
9612h agoVeraguamide E, a compound from marine cyanobacteria, directly binds to the Sigma-2 receptor and selectively modulates neuronal excitability, making it a potential therapeutic for pain management.
9616h agoPeople who tend to choose immediate rewards over delayed ones are more likely to have addictive-like behavior towards sweet foods and sugary drinks.
9616h agoScientists developed a method to precisely control specific brain pathways in primates using optogenetics, allowing for selective excitation and inhibition of defined brain connections.
9624h agoAnxiety exacerbates repetitive behaviors by changing dopamine activity in the brain, specifically by increasing activity in dopamine neurons projecting to the dorsolateral striatum and decreasing activity in those projecting to the dorsomedial striatum.
9624h agoDynamic cholinergic modulation affects the oscillatory tendencies of neuronal microcircuits differently depending on network topology, with networks having strong connections within excitatory or inhibitory groups being more sensitive to changing cholinergic signals.
9624h agoGene expression changes in brain regions of Major Depressive Disorder patients involve key genes, pathways, and co-expression modules related to neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
9624h agoNeuropeptide Y helps maintain healthy brain connections by regulating a cellular cleanup process called autophagy, which declines with age and affects synaptic function.
9628h agoAuditory attention decoding works well in identifying which conversation a listener is attending to, even in a challenging scenario with multiple simultaneous conversations.
9628h agoNicotinic signaling affects fast-spiking inhibitory cortical neurons in developing brain circuits by increasing synaptic inputs, but these neurons do not respond directly to nicotine due to a negative modulator called lynx1.
9628h agoMicrostructural tissue growth in the human visual system develops hierarchically in the first year of life, with early visual areas more mature at birth but developing more slowly than higher-level areas.
9628h agoEffort makes rewards more valuable by increasing dopamine release in the brain through a process where acetylcholine binds to dopamine axons.
9644h agoA novel method based on homological scaffolds accurately identifies individuals from brain activity with near-perfect accuracy, outperforming current approaches that rely on functional connectivity.
9644h agoHierarchical modularity in brain networks enhances memory capacity, supports multitasking, and generates a broader range of temporal dynamics, due to its specific topological features.
9644h agoThe brain has separate areas that specialize in processing different senses, and some areas are used for working memory across multiple senses, with specific regions handling visual, auditory, and tactile information.
9644h agoScientists developed a platform called ESCargoT that uses machine learning to quickly find and test genetic enhancers that control gene expression in specific cells in the spinal cord.
9644h agoTwo items in visual working memory alternately guide attention in a rhythmic pattern, with one item dominating behavioral guidance at a time in a theta-rhythmic oscillation.
9644h agoThe angular gyrus and precuneus support perspective-guided retrieval of autobiographical memories in distinct ways, with different subregions contributing to goal-directed perspective selection, vividness, and emotional intensity.
9644h agoAmotivation in schizophrenia is caused by disrupted communication between the thalamus and striatum, which is triggered by overactive cholinergic interneurons and excessive acetylcholine levels.
9644h agoReelin signaling regulates neuronal development and function through the phosphorylation of Twinfilin-1 at tyrosine309, which is crucial for actin remodeling and spine development.
9644h agoThe geometry of the rat whisker array simplifies the coordination required for whisking behavior, with simulations showing that equal muscle activation leads to uniform rotation of follicles and specific patterns of whisker movement.
9644h agoThe cerebellum's motor control functions remain largely preserved with age, despite structural degeneration, showing that it has a remarkable ability to maintain function even in adults over 80 years old.
9644h agoThe hypothalamus volume in newborns is linked to prenatal exposures, such as gestational age, maternal smoking, and sex, with effects lasting into adolescence.
9644h agoDopamine signalling in the motor cortex helps with learning motor skills by linking movements and their rewards, and this signalling is crucial for the formation and execution of skilled actions.
9644h agoSpeech production involves distinct classes of neural activity associated with sensory perception, planning, motor execution, and task-related suppression that are localized to separate brain networks.
9644h agoOptogenetic induction of spike-timing-dependent plasticity at CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapses allows for ultrastructural analysis of stimulated synapses using transmission electron microscopy.
9644h agoModulating cortical excitability with ionic direct current (iDC) can control neural responses to input across the cortical surface.
9644h agoMotor cortex helps control voluntary movements by adjusting an ongoing spinal motor pattern to guide actions like navigating obstacles.
9644h agoThe brain's motor areas track the timing of visual events through phase-coupling to environmental rhythms, and this tracking is predicted by sensory simulation that automatically generates a temporal framework.
9644h agoAutism spectrum disorder shows thousands of DNA methylation changes in the brain, mainly in areas that control gene activity during early development and adulthood.
9644h agoThe neocortex and basal ganglia nuclei are connected in a side-by-side arrangement, and this layout enables information processing through horizontal signals passing between modules.
9644h agoDifferences in brain connectivity patterns between healthy people and those with schizophrenia are revealed through a novel method called persistent homology, which could lead to a new diagnosis and treatment approach.
9644h agoPerisomatic inhibition and ripple activity emerge and mature in parallel in the CA3 and CA1 hippocampal regions, starting earlier in CA3.
9644h agoInnate brain organization and sensory experience interact to shape the brain's functional architecture, with genetic factors providing a robust scaffold and sensory deprivation driving adaptive reorganization within modality-specific areas.
9644h agoLong-term action video game players have brains that are better at making quick and skillful decisions because they can reduce internal conflict and uncertainty when processing visual and motor information.
9660h agoThe study used a new method called MoSeq to analyze the behavior of mice with a genetic model of dystonia and found that the mice's behavioral patterns changed after treatment with the anti-dystonia drug trihexyphenidyl, with differences also seen between male and female mice.
9660h agoControlling a robotic finger with muscle activity works as well as using physical movement, and may even help people learn to control other devices.
9668h agoBlocking PD-1 signaling reduces amyloid-beta plaque burden, improves cognitive function, and shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
9672h agoTau aggregates in Alzheimer's disease brains associate with specific proteins involved in synaptic, mitochondrial, and vesicle-trafficking functions, which can modulate Tau toxicity and seeding.
9672h agoPineal gland calcification is a regulated process that uses pathways normally required for bone formation, and involves specific gene networks related to development and inflammation.
9672h agoResting state effective connectivity measures led to worse classification results than resting state functional connectivity measures for psychiatric conditions.
9680h agoThe BOLD-filter method improves the detection of task-induced brain activity in functional MRI scans by isolating meaningful brain networks and revealing clearer patterns of brain function.
9684h agoThe brain's fuel expenditure is tightly controlled to meet its energy needs, and a protein called SLC13A5 plays a critical role in this process by regulating the activation of glycolysis in brain cells.
9692h agoThe interplay between Unc13A and Unc13B proteins orchestrates short-term synaptic plasticity by combining depressing and facilitating components, enabling more accurate models of neural computation.
9692h agoBrain-wide recordings in flies reveal complex neural activity, and a new microscopy method called light beads microscopy (LBM) captures fast neural dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution.
9692h agoEngineered GCaMP8-based indicators, targeted to synaptic compartments, accurately capture Ca2+ dynamics with speed and sensitivity comparable to chemical dyes and electrophysiology.
9692h agoA low-cost instruction learning framework enables the rapid adoption of visual-language pathology applications, reducing the need for costly budgets and excessive computational resources.
9700h agoA thermodynamic cycle boosts the efficiency of absolute binding-free-energy calculations four- to eightfold by limiting protein–ligand relative motion.
9700h agoThe Caenorhabditis elegans receptor guanylyl cyclase GCY-9 regulates a mitochondrial stress response in the intestine that enhances mitochondrial function and stress resistance.
9704h agoPOCO, a unified forecasting model, accurately predicts future neural activity across different sessions and species, capturing both neuron-specific and brain-wide dynamics.
9708h agoAnimals combine a finite set of core motor primitives in flexible ways to meet diverse task demands through a process called skill-based imitation learning.
9708h agoA unifying framework links context and content through optimal transport, proposing that cognition dynamically aligns high-entropy contexts with low-entropy content to support learning, inference, and adaptive planning.
9708h agoThe brain's structural network is organized into modules of mixed cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions, with cross-modular pathways centralized through highly connected hubs in the subcortex.
9708h agoNeuronal activity lies on low-dimensional manifolds and can be described by a small number of latent variables that capture coordinated activity across neurons.
9708h agoDeep Neural Networks on analog physical substrates can operate with different thermodynamic constraints than digital computation, allowing inference to proceed reversibly with no minimum free energy cost.
9708h agoAn oculomotor brain-computer interface using a minimally invasive Stentrode device can record neural activity related to eye movements in a patient with ALS, allowing for robust classification of fixation and saccade.
9708h agoNoise affects the performance of digital memcomputing machines, inducing a chaotic transition that shifts these systems from solving problems successfully to failing, with the solvability correlating with the sign of the mean largest Lyapunov exponent.
9708h agoLaser resonances can exhibit irregular oscillations due to nonlinear effects, similar to the behavior of Van der Pol oscillators, and are influenced by nonlinearity, damping, and quantum fluctuations.
9708h agoShear-thickening fluids effectively reduce resonance amplitudes under harmonic excitation by acting as a damping force at resonance and behaving like an on-off force after resonance.
9708h agoThe Painlev\'e I tau function can be represented as a Fourier series, which is linked to multiple mathematical concepts, including partition functions and conformal blocks.
9708h agoThe quantum-classical correspondence in open quantum many-body systems reveals that classical dynamical behavior determines the level statistics of the steady-state density matrix, with chaotic dynamics leading to Wigner-Dyson statistics and regular dynamics yielding Poissonian statistics.
9708h agoIon-acoustic waves in a dusty plasma are investigated using two methods, Sagdeev pseudopotential analysis and reductive perturbation theory, which yield soliton profiles and provide a comparison between analytic and numerical solutions.
9708h agoThe duplication-divergence interaction principle shapes the evolving structure of networks into sparse graphs with specific structural traits.
9708h agoA methodology using recurrence plots and convolutional neural networks accurately infers control parameters in non-linear dynamical systems, enabling the reconstruction of a system's evolution.
9708h agoThe unique geometry of the two-dimensional tripartite Kagome lattice creates diverse families of spatially localized and time-periodic nonlinear modes known as discrete breathers.
9708h agoA unifying framework links context and content through optimal transport, proposing that cognition dynamically aligns high-entropy contexts with low-entropy content to support learning, inference, and adaptive planning.
9708h agoThe fluctuation-dissipation theorem helps turn a system's natural variability into information on its response to changes, and combining it with Koopman analysis breaks down response operators into understandable parts associated with the system's natural modes.
9708h agoA simple method solves the state evolution problem for a broad class of quantum models of interacting bosons, expressing the solution as an infinite series expansion with coefficients determined by a single polynomial function.
9708h agoKrylov complexity emerges as a reliable marker of quantum chaos, correlating directly with the Brody distribution, and consistently shows a characteristic peak in the chaotic regime that diminishes as systems shift toward integrability.
9708h agoA local offline decoder for topological codes uses a parallelized message-passing framework to decode with an average-case runtime of $O((\log L)^\eta)$ and has a noise threshold of approximately 7.3%.
9708h agoThe $\beta$-ensemble's critical energy controls its characteristic timescales, with correlations present above and absent below this energy, and exhibits a correlation void where energy correlations are absent between a specific relaxation time and the Heisenberg time.
9708h agoThe Maximum-Average Subtensor problem involves finding a subtensor of size k with the maximum sum of entries in a given random tensor of size N, and its equilibrium and algorithmic properties are similar to those of the matrix case.
9708h agoAperiodic dissipation induces steady-state localization in quantum systems through long-range phase correlations, enabling a new way to control localization.
9708h agoThe energy landscape of the Random Energy model changes in distinct phases as it is integrated along trajectories of the simple random walk on the hypercube, depending on the activity and value of the time integral.
9708h agoThe strong disorder renormalization group method reveals that bond-disordered antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains with power-law interactions exhibit a strong disorder fixed point distribution, leading to divergent magnetic susceptibility and specific patterns of entanglement entropy.
9708h agoDeep neural networks have repetitive structural elements that can be revealed by a new approach, which simplifies their structure and enhances understanding of their interactions.
9708h agoDisorder can induce a topological phase in an otherwise trivial insulator, and space-resolved topological markers reveal the role of fluctuations and correlations in local topology under Anderson disorder and vacancies.
9708h agoSineKAN, a neural quantum state based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, accurately captures ground state energies, fidelities, and correlation functions of several quantum many-body systems.
9708h agoQuantum algorithm software is being developed to solve key problems in condensed matter physics, and a co-design approach where algorithms, software, and hardware evolve together is critical to leveraging quantum computation for breakthroughs.
9708h agoFragility does not consistently correlate with microscopic energy barriers, but it does correlate with the macroscopic slope of energy barriers, and a strong correlation exists between microscopic energy barriers and structure-dynamics measures.
9708h agoDelays in feedback loops between the cortex and basal ganglia cause unusual movement patterns, leading to symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors and freezing, by destabilizing motor function.
9720h agoBrain charts specific to the Chinese population reveal distinct neurodevelopmental patterns and outperform Western-derived models in predicting healthy brain phenotypes and detecting pathological deviations.
9720h agoA new muscle model called JiSuJi accurately predicts muscle forces from neural activity patterns, outperforming existing models in accuracy and efficiency.
9720h agoLatin American countries face challenges due to an inconsistent framework for neurorights.
9724h agoSensory neurons transfer proteins to AMsh glia through extracellular vesicles, inducing neuroprotection during aging.
9724h agoA gene therapy approach restores levels of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase to near-normal in animal models, potentially treating Gaucher Disease and GBA-associated Parkinson's Disease.
9728h agoAuditory processing difficulties are linked to changes in brain activity, specifically a decrease in alpha wave power, when people try to focus in noisy environments.
9732h agoA new approach to handling delayed information in models of synaptic plasticity uses cascading eligibility traces to provide a precise memory for credit assignment at any delay.
9732h agoSleep involves physical stillness and disconnection from conscious control because the body synchronizes its vibrations with natural Earth frequencies to restore energy, recalibrate internally, and reorganize systems.
9732h agoNeural networks trained on large-scale EEG/EMG datasets can accurately decode silent speech from electroencephalography/electromyography with heterogeneous electrode placements.
9732h agoThe Multi-Band Brain Net (MBBN) framework discovers frequency-specific network interactions in the brain and predicts psychiatric and cognitive outcomes, such as depression, ADHD, and ASD, more accurately than previous methods.
9732h agoTargeted stimulation of the most central neurons in a neural network enhances signal propagation between weakly connected neural populations.
9732h agoEEG2TEXT-CN, a new EEG-to-text generation framework, enables the decoding of brain signals into Chinese sentences by aligning multichannel EEG signals with natural language representations.
9732h agoThe pynamicalsys Python module provides tools for analysing nonlinear dynamical systems, including trajectory simulation, bifurcation diagrams, and chaos indicators.
9732h agoCompetitive Dimerization Networks enable complex learning tasks such as multiclass classification through directed evolution, without digital hardware or explicit parameter tuning.
9732h agoThe phenomenological renormalization group method only detects scaling behavior in neuronal models when they are extremely close to a critical point.
9732h agoStructural alterations in coupled dynamical systems impact the response at each network node, with both asymmetry and non-normality of the alteration affecting global and local responses over time.
9732h agoThe Rule60 cellular automaton on a ring with a Mersenne number circumference has properties that can be used to construct all ground state configurations of the classical Newman-Moore model on a square lattice.
9732h agoA machine learning algorithm accurately computes the minimum control bounds required to confine particles within a region indefinitely using samples of orbits.
9732h agoTwo-dimensional superintegrable Riemannian metrics are likely real-analytic in isothermal coordinate systems.
9732h agoIntegrable differential identities and ensemble-specific initial conditions characterise relevant observables and state functions in random matrix theory, leading to solutions of modified KP equation and a new integrable chain for unitary and orthogonal ensembles.
9732h agoThe phenomenological renormalization group method only detects scaling behavior in neuronal models when they are extremely close to a critical point.
9732h agoThe Penalty Ensemble Method (PEM) helps to reduce the impact of uncertainty in deep learning models on Monte Carlo sampling by adjusting the acceptance rule to reject more configurations in uncertain regions.
9732h agoStructural alterations in coupled dynamical systems impact the response at each network node, with both asymmetry and non-normality of the alteration affecting global and local responses over time.
9732h agoVariational quantum algorithms built from analog quenches of a disordered Ising chain retain trainability longer when initialized in a many-body-localized phase than in a thermalized phase.
9732h agoCompetitive Dimerization Networks enable complex learning tasks such as multiclass classification through directed evolution, without digital hardware or explicit parameter tuning.
9732h agoThe spectral localizer framework for computing topological invariants of materials has been improved in three key ways: it requires a local spectral gap, relative bounds on the Hamiltonian and its derivative, and a refined numerical constant, enabling more precise predictions in complex systems.
9732h agoThe Gravitational Graph algorithm converts spatio-temporal series into complex networks by using the concept of gravitational force from physics, allowing analysis of hidden relationships and dependencies.
9732h agoA fast classical annealing scheme takes the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass model to a low-energy configuration close to the ground state, with energy per spin converging to the ground state in the thermodynamic limit.
9732h agoNeural quantum states overcome challenges in determining molecular properties by introducing efficient algorithmic enhancements that improve accuracy and scalability.
9732h agoThe low Dirac modes in 3+1 dimensional pure SU(3) gauge theory localize at a mobility edge that appears at the deconfinement transition and is mainly influenced by the ordering of the Polyakov loop.
9732h agoInhibiting microglia activation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease prevents some astrocyte death and improves compensatory potential for motor deficits, but also perturbs structural rebuilding and affects functional outcome.
9732h agoMovement transitions increase theta power and frequency in the hippocampus, and instantaneous speed, not acceleration, primarily modulates theta frequency during locomotion.
9732h agoOverexpression of the protein alpha-synuclein does not result in vocalization deficits, but slightly increases the total number of complex vocalizations in mice.
9732h agoThe PET imaging radioligand [11C]CHDI-009R detects and quantifies mutant huntingtin aggregates in a mouse model of Huntington's disease with high accuracy and reliability.
9732h agoThe laminar neural mass model exhibits periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic oscillations and can display multifrequency activity, including delta-gamma, theta-gamma, and alpha-gamma couplings, which are impaired by alterations linked with Alzheimer's disease.
9732h agoAdaptive clutter filtering and aCompCor confound regression are the best methods for removing motion artifacts in brain activity imaging of awake mice, preserving functional connectivity patterns.
9732h agoA new software package called Image-Based Meta- & Mega-Analysis (IBMMA) provides a unified framework for analyzing large-scale neuroimaging datasets, handling missing data and offering flexible statistical modeling options.
9732h agoThe ipRGC method, which uses blue light to control pupil size, is effective in isolating the impact of pupil size on cognition without affecting alertness or task performance.
9732h agoA two-month exposure to chlordecone pesticide results in mostly normal behavior and a largely intact dopaminergic system in mice, but alters the visual response.
9732h agoThe brain processes complex sounds more strongly when they sound more natural, with areas involved in hearing and memory working together to judge auditory realism.
9732h agoSNCA downregulation using a targeted epigenome therapy reduces alpha-synuclein expression, aggregation, and motor deficits in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.
9732h agoFocusing attention on one visual field can improve performance in the opposite visual field, and this effect depends on the balance of activity between the two sides of the brain.
9732h agoCombining stevia with a flavor modifier changes brain activity associated with taste sensation, making stevia more desirable by masking its bitterness and increasing its mouth fullness.
9732h agoMetabolic resilience enables older females to recover more fully and quickly from nerve injury than older males by directing early systemic adaptations that support energy homeostasis and redox balance.
9732h agoThe brain encodes the direction and location of fluid motions in reference to an animal's center-of-mass, allowing it to register complex flow patterns and guide adaptive behavior.
9732h agoMachine learning models detect and classify larval zebrafish behaviors, including spontaneous and stimulus-evoked actions, with high precision, providing a powerful method for studying neural control of behavior.
9732h agoNoradrenaline and microglia regulate the balance between brain plasticity and rigidity in the medial prefrontal cortex, enabling rapid social learning while protecting existing emotional circuits.
9732h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in brain oscillations and connectivity by enhancing incoming excitatory long-term depression and inhibitory long-term potentiation through a resonance between theta stimulation and individual resting-state alpha rhythms.
9732h agoBlocking the C3aR target in the complement pathway does not rescue neurodegeneration or neuroinflammatory responses in models of tauopathy and endotoxemia.
9732h agoMeteorin, a neurotrophic protein, reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain by targeting satellite glial cells and modulating their communication through connexin-dependent mechanisms.
9732h agoBilateral common carotid artery stenosis causes a larger decrease in capillary blood flow in the watershed area than in the middle cerebral artery territory, especially in the subcortical white matter.
9732h agoParvalbumin interneurons in the dorsal striatum have a distinct molecular signature that includes genes related to extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, synaptic organization, ion channels, and neurotransmitter receptors.
9732h agoThe R1441G mutation in LRRK2 causes progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress in dopamine neurons, leading to reduced respiratory complex activity and decline in mitochondrial health.
9732h agoThe representation of different stimuli in the brain changes over time due to the dynamics of local neural circuits, which follows a pattern that can be explained by three key quantities: mean population activity and two types of response variability.
9732h agoLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by activating longevity pathways similar to those triggered by caloric restriction, including reduced protein synthesis and lipid storage.
9732h agoMutations in the protein FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by disrupting normal protein function and localization, leading to transcriptomic alterations, translatome deficits, and impaired axonal transport in motor neurons, with some effects differing by sex.
9732h agoThe precision of attention determines how much it attracts the brain's visual processing areas towards the focus of attention.
9732h agoThe physical interaction of artificial limbs with the body generates sensory signals that can drive a distinct representation of the artificial limb in the brain.
9732h agoVestibular and proprioceptive inputs help stabilize the trunk, and their contribution changes with different postures and walking speeds.
9732h agoAuditory and visual memories share a common sensory reinstatement mechanism, but auditory memories rely more on internally constructed representations and gist, whereas visual memories rely on perceptual details.
9732h agoThe human high-level visual cortex uses a multidimensional tuning principle to organize and represent categories, encoding multiple features and dimensions across category-selective areas.
9740h agoL2 proficiency affects how well brain activity matches up with language model representations, with high-proficiency individuals showing a stronger match in a network of brain areas.
9740h agoBehavioral modeling uses a virtual laboratory to integrate agent-based modeling with neural control, allowing analysis of simulated and experimental data on Drosophila larvae.
9744h agoImpaired vasomotor activity reduces inter-hemispheric BOLD coherence at 0.1 Hz in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis, particularly in watershed areas.
9744h agoPreterm infants' brains develop differently than term-born infants' brains, with changes in connectivity strength and network organization that don't reach term-born infants' levels by term-equivalent age.
9744h agoChildren with developmental language disorder may use different brain areas and cognitive processes to learn statistical patterns, possibly as a compensatory mechanism, compared to their typically developing peers.
9752h agoMusic education in early childhood supports the development of spatial-temporal skills, and an algorithm based on Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets method confirms this effect.
9756h agoA new neural decoding framework called MIBRAIN enables brain-computer interfaces to decode brain activity across multiple individuals, improving accuracy and generalizability.
9756h agoHumans create external representations like language and art to express their inner states, which enables access consciousness, but the complexity of raw experience can't be fully reproduced, leading to an ongoing struggle to explain and understand conscious experience.
9756h agoLarge-scale AI models converge to similar internal representations that align with neural activity because they exhibit scale-invariance, a structural principle that also governs natural systems.
9756h agoNeuronal activity lies on low-dimensional manifolds and a new method using Normalizing Flows extracts coordinated activity across neurons, identifies key latent variables, and characterizes manifold geometry.
9756h agoFour neural theories of consciousness depend on recurrent local modules and a cognitive cycle operating on a global working memory with complex states.
9756h agoPartial synchronization in neuronal networks enables information processing through selective activation of neurons, and a new analysis approach allows studying network coherence at the single-neuron scale.
9756h agoDistributed systems with distance-constrained non-local interactions can perform pattern completion and selection through spatio-temporal dynamics of pattern amplitudes.
9756h agoStimulating a small percentage of central neurons in a neural network enhances signal transmission between different parts of the network.
9756h agoHopfield models help explain how different biological systems work by showing how their functions emerge from collective dynamics.
9756h agoThe human eye is constantly in low amplitude motion during fixation, but the brain stabilizes the visual perception of objects, allowing people to perceive stable objects as stable and moving objects as moving.
9756h agoContrastive Learning As Manifold Packing (CLAMP) recasts representation learning as a manifold packing problem, effectively separating neural manifolds for accurate classification.
9756h agoThe Hodge decomposition breaks down changing brain networks into three key components that contain biologically interpretable features.
9756h agoA minimal theory of consciousness emerges from combining active inference models, which share features that point to a small set of theoretical commitments.
9756h agoPrecise control of neural activity deep in the brain can be achieved noninvasively by modulating a person's natural visual feed.
9756h agoA novel method accurately predicts the trade-off between temporal resolution and accuracy in auditory attention decoding by modeling correlations with a normal distribution, enabling efficient performance curve modeling.
9756h agoThe Latent Structured Hopfield Network (LSHN) model integrates attractor dynamics and an autoencoder architecture to form associative structures that support episodic memory, enabling robust memory retrieval and outperforming existing models in recalling corrupted inputs.
9756h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity.
9756h agoA slowly-varying time-dependent parameter causes delayed invasion in unstable homogeneous equilibria, affecting the position, decay, and spatial patterns of invasion fronts in various mathematical models.
9756h agoChimera states emerge in systems of identical oscillators on non-reciprocal higher-order structures, called m-directed hypergraphs, because of the directionality and higher-order topology, and are more easily found than with non-reciprocal pairwise interactions.
9756h agoThe nonlinear Dirac equation in 1+1 dimension has exact solutions with solitary waves that exist in the entire parameter plane and have energy divided by charge independent of the coupling constant.
9756h agoA machine-learning method maps complex patterns in reaction-diffusion systems to simple variables, enabling rapid synchronization of rhythmic spatiotemporal dynamics.
9756h agoNoise affects the ability of analog computers to solve complex problems, with solution-finding capability remaining intact below a certain noise threshold but rapidly deteriorating above it.
9756h agoThe nonlinear bouncer model exhibits transitions between superdiffusion, normal diffusion, subdiffusion, and complete dynamical freezing as a control parameter is varied.
9756h agoThe GRHT map has regions of coexistence where infinitely many stable periodic orbits exist, and these regions are polygons with a specific number of vertices that change in a nonlinear way as parameters vary.
9756h agoScientists create a fiber-based platform that allows for precise control over optical solitons, enabling them to trap, excite, and interact with solitons like particles.
9756h agoA generalization of the False Vacuum Skyrme model to any simple compact Lie groups leads to Hermitian symmetric spaces, where global minima correspond to self-dual solutions and spherically symmetric topological charge density.
9756h agoThe moduli space of parahoric $\mathcal{G}_{\boldsymbol \theta}$-torsors with a $D$-level structure has a Poisson structure that induces new algebraically completely integrable Hamiltonian Hitchin systems, unifying many integrable systems with regular singularities.
9756h agoBoolean networks have a negative linear relationship between the robustness and basin entropy of their network attractors.
9756h agoThe study applies Loewner equation to learning algorithms, suggesting two methods for learning one-dimensional time series based on its statistical-mechanical aspects.
9756h agoNonlinear interactions cause light to transfer from a boundary waveguide into photonic lattices with dispersive bands, but inhibit such transfer into lattices with flat bands.
9756h agoA family of matrix models has partition functions that are tau functions of the universal character hierarchy.
9756h agoThe Kuramoto model's stable equilibria on graphs resembling the Sierpinski gasket correspond to harmonic maps from the gasket to the circle, with a unique stable equilibrium existing in each homotopy class of continuous functions.
9756h agoDistributed systems with distance-constrained non-local interactions can perform pattern completion and selection through spatio-temporal dynamics of pattern amplitudes.
9756h agoPartitioning chaotic systems into clusters allows for the creation of local reduced-order models that improve numerical stability, prediction accuracy, and long-term statistics.
9756h agoQuasi-homogeneous integrable systems have a specific arithmetic resonance condition on Kovalevskaya exponents that governs the emergence of fractional powers and breakdown of the Painlev\'e property.
9756h agoA non-adaptive control solution framework solves the practical output regulation problem for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters, unknown control directions, and uncertain exosystem dynamics.
9756h agoA higher-order Painlev\'{e}-type equation describes the Ising phase transition coupled to 2D gravity and is characterized by isomonodromic deformations of a rational connection on $\mathbb{P}^{1}$.
9756h agoUltralight bosonic dark matter forms a stable core at the center of galactic halos, supporting a discrete spectrum of collective modes that characterize its response to perturbations.
9756h agoThe dimensional reduction of gravity theories to two dimensions results in a system that can be deformed in two families of ways while keeping its integrable structure, specifically through an auxiliary field deformation and the embedding of the Yang-Baxter σ-model.
9756h agoA spinor system of weakly interacting bosons under external resonant excitation allows topological excitations, such as domain walls and half-vortex molecules, while a uniform scalar condensate does not.
9756h agoThe 2-soliton solution to the modified Camassa-Holm equation is nonlinearly stable to perturbations in the Sobolev space H2.
9756h agoThe extreme eigenstates of randomly-weighted adjacency matrices of random graphs show a transition from Poisson to Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble distributions as the graph average degree increases.
9756h agoA graph representation method can efficiently detect flat-folding inability in unsigned crease patterns that satisfy necessary conditions for origami.
9756h agoA simple framework uses automatic differentiation to solve inverse problems, and it accurately reconstructs spatial profiles in a conductor from magnetotransport measurements.
9756h agoThe recrystallization of amorphous phase change materials in non-volatile electronic memories occurs in the supercooled liquid phase, where atomic dynamics, fragility, and breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between viscosity and diffusion coefficient are crucial for device performance.
9756h agoReinforced quantum dynamics exhibit robustness against interactions with a noisy environment by maintaining its current state or following a noise-free evolution.
9756h agoHere is a simple to read single sentence summary: Models become more vulnerable to label-preserving adversarial attacks as they become more overparameterized, revealing a different pattern of vulnerability than standard robust error measures.
9756h agoFragility does not consistently correlate with microscopic energy barriers or structure-dynamics correlations, but systems with high structure-dynamics correlations can be either the least or most fragile.
9756h agoNoise affects the ability of analog computers to solve complex problems, with solution-finding capability remaining intact below a certain noise threshold but rapidly deteriorating above it.
9756h agoA new approach uses reinforcement learning to design scattering systems by modifying the transmission matrix to achieve specific power conversion and mode transmission properties.
9756h agoHopfield models help explain how different biological systems work by showing how their functions emerge from collective dynamics.
9756h agoDistributed systems with distance-constrained non-local interactions can perform pattern completion and selection through spatio-temporal dynamics of pattern amplitudes.
9756h agoA non-Hermitian system with random nearest-neighbour tunnellings exhibits a delocalization-localization crossover in finite systems and enters a localized phase with infinitesimal disorder strength in the thermodynamic limit.
9756h agoA heuristic tensor network algorithm solves optimization problems on Ising spin-glass systems with up to a few thousand spins, providing competitive solutions to quantum annealers and a simulated bifurcation algorithm.
9756h agoMachine learning techniques can be used to simulate hard-to-sample systems, and a complete analytic study of the Sequential Tempering procedure provides a clear theoretical basis for its integration into Monte Carlo sampling and optimization.
9756h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity.
9756h agoA computational framework identifies Hamiltonians of interacting quantum many-body systems that host non-ergodic excited states by combining simulations with eigenstate-to-Hamiltonian construction.
9756h agoScientists construct local index formulas for quantum Hamiltonians with periodic boundary conditions, covering various dimensions and symmetry constraints.
9756h agoDeep linear networks with multiple outputs and convolutional layers follow a mixture of Gaussian distributions in their prior probability, and their statistics can be described using Bayesian analysis.
9756h agoGradient descent dynamics in deep linear networks are theoretically characterized, capturing effects such as wider networks performing better and hyperparameter transfer, and recovering accelerated power law training dynamics for certain data.
9756h agoRecurrent neural networks can accurately simulate the ground states of large spin systems and extract properties in the thermodynamic limit.
9756h agoRecurrent neural network wavefunctions provide accurate estimates of ground-state properties of the triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in the thermodynamic limit, especially when combined with basis rotation or variational neural annealing.
9756h agoSupercooled liquids can be categorized into two distinct states, solid-like and liquid-like, based on their dynamic behaviors, and undergo a crossover between these states at a characteristic temperature Tx between the melting point and the glass transition temperature.
9756h agoPolarized light can drive quantum phase transitions in integer quantum Hall matter, and experiments with a quantum gas in a driven quasiperiodic optical lattice observe an interlaced phase diagram of localization-delocalization phase transitions.
9756h agoInfants as young as 2-5 months old have brain regions that respond more to scenes than other visual stimuli, and this scene selectivity develops before they can navigate independently.
9756h agoThe frontopolar cortex mainly encodes the most recently executed action, whereas other prefrontal regions show stronger activity in managing multiple goals, exploration, and decision-making.
9756h agoMotoneuron properties compensate for extra spikes by delaying subsequent spikes, restoring rate coding fidelity during behavior.
9756h agoOctopamine signalling plays a crucial role in larval learning by modulating dopaminergic neurons to orchestrate memory processes.
9756h agoThe optimal learning speed increases with pattern sparseness, and this relationship affects a network's maximal memory capacity, with differences in sparseness across brain regions possibly underlying differences in learning speed.
9756h agoOveractivation of OVLTGlut neurons contributes to hypertension by increasing sympathetic outflow and central sodium sensitivity through regulation of OVLTGlut-PVN/RVLM circuits, likely due to aldosterone-induced changes in ion channel expression.
9760h agoAPOE4 genotype causes early changes to metabolism in the central nervous system, including signs of metabolic stress, inflammation, and altered energy production.
9764h agoPerturbations in transcription factors and chromatin regulators disrupt neurodevelopmental timing, contributing to the development of schizophrenia by delaying or accelerating neural differentiation.
9764h agoRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves myelination, reduces excessive neural transmission, and leads to better behavioral outcomes in mice with brain injury caused by neonatal intermittent hypoxia.
9768h agoLycium barbarum polysaccharides alleviate neurobehavioral impairments in mice with ischemic stroke by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
9772h agoElderly people have less frequent, slower, and smaller muscle responses to visual stimuli than younger people, and this decline in fast visuomotor network may result from deterioration of underlying circuits and a prioritization of stability over speed.
9776h agoThe brain's network organization can be understood across multiple scales using a new method that analyzes dynamic causal models and applies graph theory to optimize model evidence.
9776h agoDeepFace enhances facial analysis in mice by improving orofacial tracking and predicting cortical activity.
9776h agoA deep learning approach accurately segments human vagus nerve fascicles and epineurium from high-resolution imaging data, producing high-quality 3D maps of peripheral neural morphology.
9776h agoThe sensory innervation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues in patients with TMJ disorders consists mainly of unmyelinated, peptidergic sensory nerves and sympathetic fibers that innervate blood vessels, with patients with condylar hyperplasia having lower sensory nerve density.
9776h agoMicroglia play a key role in brain dysfunction caused by alcohol abuse, and a specific protein called MyD88 is a potential target for treating the harmful effects of alcohol on the brain.
9776h agoSensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion have distinct proteomic signatures across different compartments that reflect their specialized functions.
9776h agoThe EndoGenius platform, paired with DIA-NN, enables high-confidence identification of neuropeptides using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, leading to a 100-fold increase in neuropeptide identification in Cancer borealis tissues.
9776h agoThe brain's complex structure is guided by a compact, low-dimensional blueprint that determines its function, and a new generative model can learn this underlying representation from neural connections.
9780h agoA novel framework called SAE-BrainMap directly aligns deep learning visual model representations with voxel-level fMRI responses, revealing a strong correspondence between model activations and cortical fMRI signals.
9780h agoA convolution-based data assimilation method improves parameter estimation and prediction quality in neuronal electrophysiology by accounting for spike timing precision.
9780h agoA novel model predicts future brain states from fMRI data with high accuracy by efficiently learning spatio-temporal information.
9780h agoPatients with major depressive disorder show altered neurovascular coupling, with changes in the relationship between neural activity and hemodynamic responses that vary across different stages of depression and recovery.
9780h agoRelying heavily on AI systems and digital tools risks impairing human memory and learning, particularly for skills that require expertise, critical thinking, and long-term retention.
9780h agoBrain2Vec, a new deep learning tool, classifies stress states from raw EEG recordings with 81.25% validation accuracy.
9780h agoA self-sustained traveling wave emerges in a cycle of excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons through a saddle-point bifurcation, forming a stationary dynamical state.
9780h agoPeriodic signals can propagate along chains of neurons in a stable manner, according to an analysis of several standard neuron models, including FitzHugh-Nagumo, Morris-Lecar, Hindmarsh-Rose, and Hodgkin-Huxley.
9780h agoTensor formalism from theoretical physics unifies and solves optimization and ensemble modeling approaches to predicting synaptic connectivity from neuronal responses.
9780h agoCognitive science can build more generalizable theories by incorporating naturalistic experiments and computational models, which can be achieved by integrating recent progress in Artificial Intelligence and cognitive science.
9780h agoA new neural operator framework called NOBLE learns to predict the behavior of human neurons, capturing their variability and complex biophysical properties, and enables efficient generation of synthetic neurons.
9780h agoA self-sustained traveling wave emerges in a cycle of excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons through a saddle-point bifurcation, forming a stationary dynamical state.
9780h agoA data-driven approach can predict tipping points in complex systems by monitoring fluctuations in a specifically designed observable that captures critical slowing down.
9780h agoPeriodic signals can propagate along chains of neurons in a stable manner, according to an analysis of several standard neuron models, including FitzHugh-Nagumo, Morris-Lecar, Hindmarsh-Rose, and Hodgkin-Huxley.
9780h agoA novel inverse modelling method can effectively recover unknown causal parameters from complex stochastic patterns by leveraging visual embeddings to produce robust representations.
9780h agoQuantum chaos can be controlled in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems using discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs.
9780h agoA stochastic model integrating biophysical mechanisms predicts that axons exhibit superdiffusive dynamics with a power-law temporal correlation exponent of -1/2.
9780h agoThe Hamiltonian formulation describes the dynamics of active spherical and spheroidal particles suspended in a steady laminar flow through a straight duct.
9780h agoThe integrable quad equations are equivalent to a combined system of tetrahedron and octahedron equations.
9780h agoAlternative Lagrangian multiforms produce Euler-Lagrange equations equivalent to the ABS equations, and accounting for branch cuts in complex functions ensures existence and closure properties.
9780h agoA variation of Hirota's discrete KdV equation has two types of exact solutions: discrete Painlev\'e transcendent solutions and periodic solutions described by Painlev\'e-type ordinary difference equations.
9780h agoQuantum chaos can be controlled in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems using discrete-time quantum walks on cyclic graphs.
9780h agoQuantum-chaotic systems and localized systems have distinct properties, but at their boundary, a universal relation exists between spectral compressibility and wavefunction delocalization, described by the equation χ + D1 = 1.
9780h agoA novel inverse modelling method can effectively recover unknown causal parameters from complex stochastic patterns by leveraging visual embeddings to produce robust representations.
9780h agoWeighted graph states generated via variable-range interacting Ising spin systems can implement single- and two-qubit gates with fidelity exceeding classical limits by performing suitable measurements.
9780h agoMagnetic Resonance Imaging can be done at the nanoscale by combining strong local magnetic field gradients with control of electron spins in diamond.
9780h agoHilbert subspace imprint enables evasion of thermalization in quantum many-body systems by allowing initial states to overlap with a small set of eigenstates.
9780h agoThis article provides a brief overview of recent developments in the study of shear thickening in dense suspensions and discusses current models and their application to realistic flow conditions.
9780h agoIlluminating integer quantum Hall matter with polarized light drives quantum phase transitions, and experiments with a quantum gas in a driven quasiperiodic optical lattice observe an interlaced phase diagram of localization-delocalization transitions.
9780h agoA novel form of localization transition, called anomalous mobility edges, is found in quasiperiodic systems, separating localized from multifractal critical states.
9780h agoTensor formalism from theoretical physics unifies and solves optimization and ensemble modeling approaches to predicting synaptic connectivity from neuronal responses.
9780h agoNon-local interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate generate an analog model of a Euclidean wormhole and affect the Casimir pressure.
9780h agoFoundation Neural-Network Quantum States (FNQS) leverage foundation models to define variational wave functions that can generalize to various quantum systems and tasks, enabling efficient estimation of challenging quantities and uncovering of quantum phase transitions.
9780h agoFinding near-ground states of certain sparse disordered quantum systems is hard for quantum algorithms if an efficient local learning algorithm exists for estimating the energy of a state of the system.
9780h agoFlat band superconductivity remains robust against disorder, requiring a finite critical disorder strength to localize fermion pairs and destroy superconductivity, proportional to the superconducting weight of the clean system.
9780h agoUrban sprawl follows a specific pattern of growth, with cities expanding in a branch-like way and their built-up area increasing in a piecewise linear relation with population.
9780h agoThe intrinsic cardiac nervous system has two distinct types of neurons, Npy and Ddah1, that play separate crucial roles in maintaining heart health and preventing sudden death.
9780h agoCanagliflozin improves learning and memory in male mice by boosting mitochondrial function, insulin signaling, and suppressing neuroinflammation, but has no effect in female mice.
9780h agoThe mammillothalamic tract (MTT) plays a critical role in memory, and its disruption, often caused by thalamic strokes, leads to memory impairments.
9780h agoLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses changes in brain plasticity caused by morphine and reduces morphine preference in mice.
9780h agoTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation does not induce greater pupil dilation than sham stimulation, but its effects are larger if the sham stimulation is perceived as less intense.
9780h agoReactive astrocytes use glutamine to fuel their metabolic demands, which in turn contributes to the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
9780h agoOld mice develop long-term memory dysfunction after ischemic stroke because inflammatory cells remove more synapses, with astrocytes playing a bigger role than microglia/macrophages in this process.
9780h agoNutrient consumption boosts memory function by releasing acetylcholine in the hippocampus through the vagus nerve, and this gut-brain pathway is disrupted by a Western diet.
9780h agoMaternal high-fat diet during lactation accelerates the development of tauopathy in offspring, with males being impacted earlier than females.
9780h agoThe basal ganglia and midbrain dopaminergic systems play a critical role in motor control, reward processing, and reinforcement learning. Or a more detailed summary: Newly generated mouse lines enable precise targeting of key neuronal populations, allowing for study of basal ganglia circuitry and dopaminergic neurons involved in motor control, reward, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
9780h agoPlaying action video games reshapes neural circuits by reallocating cognitive resources, enhancing integration of contextual information and refining motion processing, which leads to more efficient visuomotor decision-making.
9780h agoWord meanings from different languages share common patterns and are shaped by environmental factors, with climate playing a key role in explaining variations in meaning.
9780h agoDeep learning models trained on healthy individuals perform poorly on glioma patients, but transfer learning can help adapt these models to improve their accuracy.
9780h agoAmyloid-beta aggregates in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and parenchymal plaques in Alzheimer's disease have different compositions and structures, with distinct isoforms and post-translational modifications.
9780h agoA specific class of prefrontal projection neurons is gradually recruited to a memory trace through synaptic activity, and this process is required for remote memory retrieval.
9780h agoAstrocytes with the C9ORF72 mutation disrupt axonal transport and mitochondrial function in motor neurons, and correcting this mutation or improving astrocyte mitochondrial function restores normal axonal transport.
9780h agoGoal-directed object manipulation in cichlid fish is driven by the inferior lobe, a non-telencephalic brain structure.
9780h agoBrain activity does not show evidence of replaying items with an underlying graph structure during a post-learning resting state, even though it was detected during online memory retrieval.
9780h agoRespiration rhythms modulate neural activity in brain regions, including the basal ganglia, in a state-dependent manner, with coupling strength varying across sleep and wakefulness states.
9780h agoSomatosensory representations in the brain vary between individuals, and the location of these representations differs between brain mapping techniques, with variations of up to 84 mm found between subjects.
9780h agoAction Observation/Execution Neurons (AOENs) in multiple frontal brain areas respond in a similar way, showing brief and strong reactions to observed actions and simple object movements.
9780h agoSLP-2 levels are reduced in Parkinson's Disease brains, and overexpressing SLP-2 improves mitochondrial function, reduces oxidative stress, and protects dopaminergic neurons.
9780h agoVentral premotor area F5c can be used to control a brain-machine interface as effectively as primary motor and dorsal premotor cortex, especially in tasks like 2D cursor and robot avatar control.
9780h agoA new 22-channel TMS-fMRI configuration preserves whole-brain signal reception and achieves high signal quality by wrapping flexible RF coils around the participant's head and the TMS coil.
9780h agoAstrocytes with neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory functions can be distinguished and tracked using a new tool that detects a specific marker, allowing for a better understanding of their roles in neurological disorders.
9780h agoThe core clock gene Period1 (Per1) regulates circadian stability by modulating light-induced re-entrainment across the brain and body, and its loss accelerates clock realignment, providing protection against jetlag-induced disturbances.
9780h agoNewly identified optogenetic inhibitors, RubyACRs, effectively hyperpolarize neurons and lead to circuit-specific behavioral changes, expanding the optogenetic toolkit for circuit dissection in freely behaving animals.
9780h agoDynamic electrical potentials in the vestibular system enhance action potential generation by reducing outward K+ currents on both the inner and outer faces of the calyx.
9780h agoThe brain's sensorimotor and neuromodulatory pathways are assembled complementarily, with neuromodulatory neurons showing varied connections to sensory-motor brain regions and a specific organization pattern in their inputs.
9780h agoNiCLIP, a contrastive language-image pretrained model, accurately predicts cognitive tasks, concepts, and domains from brain activation patterns using large language models and deep learning techniques.
9780h agoCyclophosphamide-induced bladder pain in mice leads to long-lasting hypersensitivity, and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the right central amygdala play a key role in driving this pain, while receptors in the left central amygdala sustain it.
9784h agoA dataset combining light and electron microscopy imaging reveals the connections between over 40,000 neurons and 30 million synapses in a 7-day-old zebrafish brain, enabling analysis of neural circuits.
9784h agoKinesins 1 and 3 regulate axonal trafficking of organelles in motor neurons, and their disruption leads to changes in cellular morphology, physiology, and behavior.
9784h agoNapping in older adults relates to changes in brain activity and reduced performance on working memory tasks, particularly at high load levels.
9784h agoA new virus-based tool called rAAV-miniBEND enables specific gene expression in brain endothelial cells, allowing for the modelling of cerebrovascular malformations and study of their causes.
9784h agoEnvironmental enrichment reduces food cravings by promoting specific brain adaptations that enhance inhibitory control and suppress certain excitatory neurons.
9796h agoNeural populations encode, integrate, and transform information over time by iteratively interacting and converging toward stable representations, with each population's internal context shaping what it communicates to other populations.
9796h agoLimited bedding and nesting impairs maternal care in mice, leading to abnormal attachment-like behavior in offspring, including increased anxiety-like behavior and avoidant-like attachment deficits.
9796h agoThe motion-vision pathway in butterflies integrates color and motion information, with different neurons responding to a broad or narrow range of colors to facilitate tasks like stabilization and target-tracking.
9796h agoMyelin sheaths form in a preferentially unidirectional way, guided by a Wnt gradient, and this directional extension is required for proper axon functions.
9796h agoMemorable images trigger stronger neural responses in the brain's inferotemporal cortex and hippocampus, and the hippocampus isolates a memory signal that is larger for more memorable images.
9796h agoCCorGsDB, a web-based tool, integrates co-expression networks to identify clock-regulated genes in specific regions of the mouse and human central nervous systems.
9796h agoA novel screening platform using human stem cell-derived neurons identifies genes that modulate a key marker of mitophagy initiation, providing insights into Parkinson's disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
9800h agoMechanical stress disrupts brain circuit stability by destabilizing network organization, but optogenetic stimulation and GABAergic signaling can promote recovery and regulate network resilience.
9800h agoTau aggregates in neurons lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in various conditions, and a dataset of PET scans from 33 healthy young to middle-aged adults provides a reference for studying tauopathies in non-geriatric populations.
9800h agoTectal interneurons control the accuracy and robustness of sensorimotor outputs, and serotoninergic neurons modulate these outputs to influence behavioral flexibility.
9800h agoSleep preserves the brain's ability to distinguish between different sounds, but intermittently disrupts sound processing, leading to local sensory disconnections.
9800h agoMale and female brains have different types of cells and connections that drive distinct behaviors, and researchers have identified 91 types of cells in the fly brain that are linked to these differences.
9800h agoCocaine withdrawal increases the brain's reward response to stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, which may explain why this stimulation therapy helps with addiction.
9800h agoContinuous flash suppression substantially suppresses V1 orientation responses in the brain, affecting how well the brain can process visual information.
9800h agoEEG microstate sequences from Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls show higher-order syntax properties, and their syntax characteristics differ, but these differences disappear when normalized to the group-specific first-order syntax level.
9800h agoBrain-machine interfaces can decode executed and imagined movements independently and simultaneously by identifying separate neural subspaces in the brain.
9800h agoFos expression marks neurons that are involved in memory retrieval, not those activated during memory formation.
9800h agoDiscarded cerebrospinal fluid sediments may contain potential biomarkers for brain diseases, including disease-relevant proteins that become deposited there.
9800h agoCerebrospinal fluid flow is mainly driven by the cardiac cycle, and a new method allows for quantitative measurements of this flow using functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.
9804h agoDrugs of abuse increase dopamine release in the brain by triggering a mitochondrial energy mechanism that enables sustained dopamine release, and blocking this mechanism can prevent addictive behaviors.
9804h agoThe brain organizes semantic information by representing concepts separately and encoding their relational links in distinct areas, specifically in the occipitotemporal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.
9824h agoTwo new formulas calculate language dominance and multilingualism score by combining critical linguistic variables, providing a standardized way to quantify language proficiency in bilingual and multilingual individuals.
9824h agoA new form of synaptic plasticity called Behavioral Timescale Synaptic Plasticity (BTSP) enables rapid learning and changes in brain activity in seconds, and a generalized version of this rule can be used for unsupervised and supervised learning tasks in neural networks.
9824h agoSelective attention to a specific modality enhances semantic representations in the brain, allowing for better decoding of semantic content from brain activity when attention is paid to the stimuli.
9824h agoInfants as young as 10 months old replay visual experiences in their brains, reactivating sequences of events in a compressed and forward-moving order.
9824h agoInhibiting microRNA-134 reduces single neuron and network hyperexcitability in mice with epilepsy.
9824h agoWomen's brains have more densely organized white matter, which may increase their Alzheimer's risk, but perimenopausal women temporarily have similar white matter organization to men.
9824h agoFlies learn about object stability through physical interaction and develop a preference for immobile objects over mobile ones, and specific neurons in their brain play a key role in this process.
9824h agoThe molecular clock in the medial prefrontal cortex regulates sleep and mediates the antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation.
9824h agoExperience disrupts hippocampal sharp-wave ripples in Alzheimer's disease mice by causing non-cholinergic pathological changes.
9828h agoAn improved approach to fitting Ising models to brain data allows for personalized modeling of structure-function relationships, enabling reproduction of functional connectivity and correlations with structural features.
9828h agoAltered lipid droplet metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease by disrupting mitochondria function and leading to cell dyshomeostasis.
9828h agoAlzheimer's disease hallmark lesions can exist without cognitive impairment, and researchers have now identified a genetic signature and a mouse model that helps explain why some people's brains can withstand these lesions.
9836h agoThe human brain processes information at a speed that often exceeds 10 bits per second, especially for unconscious processing that controls movement.
9844h agoDisruptions in myelin and axonal structures in Alzheimer's disease involve altered axon-glia signaling, paranodal architecture, and amyloid-β aggregation at the myelin-axon interface.
9844h agoSensory entrainment with auditory stimulation improves cognitive deficits in a rodent model of autism by modulating neural activity and enhancing power in brain oscillations.
9844h agoStructured missingness in data, where data are missing in a systematic pattern, undermines the accuracy of standard imputation techniques, but a novel hierarchical approach can better preserve multivariate structure and provide more reliable inferences.
9844h agoBrain functions involve interactions between local and brainwide signals, and a new analysis method reveals that neurons in different areas share variability linked to arousal.
9844h agoAge-related declines in GTP levels impair autophagy and endocytosis in neurons, but supplementing with nicotinamide and EGCG restores GTP levels and promotes clearance of damaged cellular components.
9848h agoLow-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation directly activates individual cortical neurons, causing rapid depolarization, entrainment, and changes in network coordination.
9848h agoMechanical forces, such as traction and shear stress, directly activate GABAB receptors without using the neurotransmitter GABA, through a process involving integrins and receptor structural changes.
9848h agoMore data and more channels improve the quality of EEG decomposition, but benefits continue to increase with more data, without reaching a plateau.
9852h agoAction observation therapy using humanoid robots shows promise in rehabilitation settings, with EEG analysis revealing similar neural responses to observing actions performed by humans and robots.
9852h agoCognition works by actively breaking symmetries in the world through a series of transitions, organizing and stabilizing intelligent behavior by resolving uncertainty.
9852h agoThe study identifies brain regions related to speech rate loss in primary progressive aphasia by integrating brain connectivity and gray matter information.
9852h agoAdvances in large language models have enabled AI agents to exhibit human-like behaviors, and a new scientific perspective, AI Agent Behavioral Science, emphasizes understanding these behaviors through systematic observation, intervention, and theory-guided interpretation.
9852h agoAesthetic judgments of images result from a combination of perceptual and cognitive factors, and a new database of 10,426 images with balanced beautiful and ugly ratings reveals that current research methods may magnify, underestimate, or miss effects due to limited aesthetic value ranges.
9852h agoA model for internal interfacial waves between two fluid layers with current and variable bottom is developed, leading to the derivation of the integrable Intermediate Long Wave Equation and its higher-order version.
9852h agoNeural network quantum state approach enables computation of both ground and excited states of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, allowing study of complex chaotic dynamics.
9852h agoDiscrete Lorenz attractors exist in three-dimensional discrete maps and have similar topology to the continuous Lorenz attractor, forming through different routes involving specific bifurcations and leading to diverse attractor topologies and spatiotemporal patterns.
9852h agoCoupled dissipative kicked rotors exhibit critical transitions in their phase diagram as coupling strength and range change, leading to complex spatiotemporal patterns and a unique domain-wall phenomenon.
9852h agoStochastic control dynamics interplay with a system's inherent instability to drive quantum phase transitions, and this interplay shows universal features that can be captured with a quantum control scheme.
9852h agoDigital Memcomputing machines explore their phase space efficiently over a wide range of parameters, thanks to long-range correlations that emerge from the coupling of fast and slow degrees of freedom.
9852h agoA novel regime of cavity soliton excitation in a Kerr resonator allows for the automatic excitation of single solitons without external perturbations, by setting the cavity detuning and pump desynchronisation parameters within a specific range.
9852h agoHappiness in a flourishing life means living a life of virtue, purpose, and contribution to the common good, not just personal pleasure.
9852h agoStochastic models exhibit two distinct branches of intrinsic growth rate, corresponding to alternative stable states, and the Ricker model undergoes a transition from a steady state to chaos under certain conditions.
9852h agoNon-integrable quantum field theories exhibit chaotic behavior with energy eigenvalues matching predictions of random matrix theory, whereas integrable theories show Poisson behavior.
9852h agoRegulatory functions in socioeconomic and biological systems scale systematically with their size and function, following different patterns depending on the system's structure and complexity.
9852h agoIntegrable Landau-Zener models with hyperbolic time dependence map to Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, allowing for the identification and solution of a class of these models for N=2, 3, and 4.
9852h agoContact systems on a contact manifold are formulated using a Jacobi structure, allowing treatment of both cooriented and non-cooriented manifolds and enabling work with dissipative Hamiltonian systems.
9852h agoThe incompressible turbulent mixing of a passive scalar has an exact analytical solution, with its energy spectrum decaying universally over time, but pre-exponential factors depend on the Schmidt number.
9852h agoThe design of hidden units in Restricted Boltzmann Machines determines their ability to retrieve memories, with certain modifications improving recall performance by restoring ordered retrieval phases.
9852h agoThe Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, a foundational model for spin glass systems, is extended to a mixed p-spin glass model with long-range interactions, allowing for the study of spin glass systems with higher-order interactions.
9852h agoA neuromorphic network learns complex dynamical systems best when input voltages maximise the number of its components working at their full range.
9852h agoMeasurement-induced phase transition plays a key role in the generative model of cognitive networks and the formation of the state of consciousness in the newborn-adult transition.
9852h agoStochastic control dynamics interplay with a system's inherent instability to drive quantum phase transitions, and this interplay shows universal features that can be captured with a quantum control scheme.
9852h agoInverse Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Hamiltonian Learning (iPINN-HL) approach integrates observational data and physical laws to accurately and efficiently infer Hamiltonian parameters.
9852h agoHappiness in a flourishing life means living a life of virtue, purpose, and contribution to the common good, not just personal pleasure.
9852h agoUrban sprawl follows a specific pattern of anisotropic growth with branch-like extensions, and its built-up area expands in a piecewise linear relation with population.
9852h agoA deep learning model called FerroAI accurately predicts phase diagrams and identifies new ferroelectric materials by analyzing a large dataset of phase transformations compiled from 41,597 research articles.
9852h agoA low-cost, mobile optically pumped magnetometer system with partial sensor coverage successfully recorded somatosensory-evoked fields and event-related changes in brain activity in response to nerve stimulation.
9852h agoFemale mice drink similar amounts of ethanol and have similar blood alcohol levels whether they are given access to it through test tubes or a volumetric drinking monitor.
9852h agoSaccadic suppression strength in monkeys and zebrafish larvae is a direct outcome of efficient state estimation in the presence of uncontrollable sensory and motor variability.
9852h agoDifferent metrics for measuring changes in brain connectivity give vastly different results, and choosing the right metric depends on the study population, design, and research question.
9852h agoKIT-13, a novel plasmalogen derivative, reduces neurological symptoms and neuroinflammation, and improves life span in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome.
9852h agoThe o2S2PARC platform supports collaborative and reproducible computational modeling and analysis with a range of applications, including neural interface simulations, personalized medical planning, and AI system training.
9852h agoDementia diagnosis models perform poorly across diverse cultural groups, but a new technique combining few-shot learning and domain alignment improves model adaptability and reduces performance gaps between White American, African American, and Hispanic populations.
9856h agoThe AIM and FInD vision tests are precise, reliable, and generalizable across multiple visual functions, measuring near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, form, and motion coherence with minimal bias.
9860h agoElevated theta-activity and reduced beta-activity in the subthalamic nucleus during movement suppression, and distinct oscillations in the cortico-subthalamic motor network, are linked to involuntary movements in Parkinson's disease patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
9860h agoHeightened brain reactivity to uncertain threats is associated with a worsening course of anxiety and depression symptoms in people with low exposure to negative life events.
9864h agoChronic activation of the Integrated Stress Response pathway promotes neurodegeneration by suppressing mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity, leading to neuronal death.
9864h agoDorsolateral prefrontal neurons integrate auditory and visual motion signals, and most of them respond to sensory stimuli, with some showing nonlinear interactions when combining both senses.
9864h agoNeuronal remodeling uses different mechanisms to eliminate specific types of dendrite branches under stress and developmental conditions.
9864h agoExercise's protective effects in Alzheimer's disease are due to molecular mediators that act on the neurogenic stem-cell niche in the dentate gyrus.
9868h agoDeep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis may be counterproductive during sleep, and different stimulation patterns have varying effects on cortical activity across sleep-wake cycles.
9872h agoHomotopic functional connectivity varies across the human cerebral cortex, with the lowest levels in association areas and the highest in primary sensorimotor regions, and this variation is linked to brain-wide functional synchrony.
9872h agoBrain activity from common fMRI tests mainly reflects cognitive differences, not other mental health issues, in hundreds of individuals studied.
9872h agoThe brain combines sensory information with past knowledge to infer cause-and-effect relationships, and individual differences in neurocognitive style and perceptual flexibility shape this process.
9872h agoInfants as young as 5 months old with atypical visual cortical connections are more likely to develop autistic symptoms, and these connections may link motion processing and social perception.
9872h agoBarrel cortex neurons process two types of tactile information, "stick" and "sweep" responses, which are inherited from the ventro-posterior-medial nucleus and the posterior medial complex, respectively.
9872h agoThe locus coeruleus regulates brain-wide neural dynamics through a specific organization of morphologically diverse but physiologically similar neurons that release norepinephrine in a region-specific manner.
9872h agoBrain regions associated with action observation and mentalizing play complementary roles in supporting social cognition through a predictive processing architecture.
9872h agoThe cAMP-mediated synaptic plasticity at CA3 commissural synapses onto CA1 neurons differs between the left and right hemispheres.
9872h agoEvolutionary changes in a neural circuit are unevenly distributed, with some features conserved and others rewired, reflecting the different ecologies and behaviours of two closely related species.
9872h agoHigher model order independent component analysis reveals that people with schizophrenia have abnormal brain connectivity, particularly hypoconnectivity between cerebellar and subcortical domains and hyperconnectivity between cerebellar and cognitive domains.
9872h agoTranscranial magnetic stimulation guided by hippocampal functional connectivity evokes and modulates hippocampal activity, and its effects vary with individual differences in brain connections.
9872h agoA new numerical technique accurately quantifies uncertainty in specific absorption rate (SAR) prediction, enabling safe and successful human imaging at 10.5T using high-field MRI systems.
9872h agoFibonacci scaled microtubular architectures in neural microtubules maintain quantum coherence longer through geometric optimization, helping to preserve cognitive function in HIV patients despite neuroinflammation.
9872h agoUsing sLASER for volume localization yields better test-retest reliability for most metabolites than using PRESS for HERMES and HERCULES multi-metabolite editing methods.
9872h agoTinnitus patients have a bigger volume of basal ganglia structures in the brain, which may play a role in the condition's development.
9872h agoThe size of neurons does not explain the complexity of the human brain; instead, the variation in neuron size is what drives the differences in brain complexity.
9872h agoAs reading progresses, it becomes more difficult to hold the eye still, with fixations becoming wider and eye movements less precise over time.
9872h agoSpatial attention helps people construct simple and useful mental representations of their environment, which in turn aids planning, by controlling which task information enters awareness.
9876h agoA spiking neural network model with a learning mechanism links cognitive decision-making models to biological neural activity, bridging the gap between cognitive and biological models.
9876h agoThe Context-Content Uncertainty Principle provides a framework for understanding cognition as a cycle of inference that organizes the flow of information between context and content.
9876h agoThe Markov blanket density, a measure of conditional independence between internal and external states, is a necessary foundation for the Free Energy Principle, and its spatial gradients give rise to active inference dynamics.
9876h agoA new scientific perspective, AI Agent Behavioral Science, emphasizes understanding the behavior of AI agents by studying how they act, adapt, and interact over time in different contexts.
9876h agoData characteristics, such as cluster separation and size imbalance, largely determine the accuracy and reproducibility of neuroimaging-based clustering methods used to stratify patients into subtypes.
9876h agoSpikeSift, a new spike-sorting algorithm, matches or exceeds the accuracy of current methods while running an order of magnitude faster on a standard desktop computer.
9876h agoLarge Language Models' ability to retrieve information declines as interference from previous information accumulates, with retrieval accuracy dropping sharply as the model encounters more semantically related updates.
9876h agoScale invariance emerges in a deterministic version of the Game of Life, with equal-state clusters showing critical dynamics and power-law distributions of cluster sizes.
9876h agoFollowerstopper, a control system on an autonomous vehicle, regulates its velocity to mitigate traffic jams by preventing collision with the lead vehicle and attenuating emanant traffic waves.
9876h agoA Trotter transition occurs at a specific time step value, separating two regimes of chaotic dynamics in the integrable BCS model, one with weak chaos and the other with short temporal correlations.
9876h agoA data-driven approach controls a class of nonlinear systems by combining traditional control with a learning algorithm that uses observed input-output data to approximate the internal model.
9876h agoThe study solves an inverse scattering problem for a third-order linear differential equation with complex-valued potentials, recovering the potentials from scattering data.
9876h agoA new theoretical framework analyzes learning dynamics in deep learning by redefining linearity and nonlinearity in neural networks, revealing distinct collective behaviors and learning phases that can explain key phenomena such as grokking.
9876h agoMamba-ProbTSF, a dual-network framework based on the Mamba architecture, accurately captures predictive uncertainty in time series forecasting, with the true trajectory staying within the predicted uncertainty interval about 95% of the time.
9876h agoChaos in a nonlinear field leads to dynamical thermalization and the formation of a Rayleigh-Jeans condensate, accumulating 80-90% of total probability, above a certain chaos border of nonlinearity.
9876h agoThe localization of light in photonic lattices with inhomogeneous disorder follows a stretched exponential function and has an asymmetric profile.
9876h agoFluid mercury exhibits neutral atom-like screening at densities less than 9.25 g/cm$^3$ at a temperature of 1750 K, where a gap emerges in the electronic density of states.
9876h agoThe spin-field trajectories of sequential dynamics on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with Ising spins are described by a unique solution to a system of integro-difference equations.
9876h agoAmorphous materials display a generic aging phenomenon when subjected to slow periodic driving, characterized by a logarithmic decay of dissipation per cycle.
9876h agoQuantum algorithm software is being developed to solve key problems in condensed matter physics, and a co-design approach where algorithms, software, and hardware evolve together is critical for progress.
9876h agoThe quantum Parisi formula is proven for the transverse field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model using an elementary mathematical method.
9876h agoGenerative models reveal that network structure and dynamics interplay in low-dimensional spaces, with two main reconstruction classes: fixed-time methods and multi-scale methods.
9876h agoA new methodology accurately calculates electron-phonon interactions in complex materials, resolving discrepancies between calculated and experimental band gaps in halide perovskites.
9876h agoScientists construct a reliable lattice and integer time version of a super-diffusive fractional Brownian motion, a process with a power-law memory that mimics thermal noises over time.
9876h agoWater shows a crossover from a strong to a fragile liquid, characterized by different glass-transition temperatures and temperature dependences of molecular dynamics.
9876h agoThreat history facilitates visual search by enhancing adaptive attentional suppression of distractors that appear at expected locations.
9876h agoDifferent nAChR subtypes are strategically positioned in discrete synaptic domains within single motor neurons, where they serve non-redundant roles.
9876h agoSynaptic connectivity can accurately identify neuronal cell types, and a new method called NTAC uses this approach to group neurons into cell types with over 95% accuracy in semi-supervised cases and around 70% accuracy in unsupervised cases.
9876h agoMice with disrupted bilateral whisker input organization can still accurately determine which side of their face is touched, because their brain adapts to process the abnormal sensory input.
9876h agoHuman-made environments cause higher melanopsin, luminance, and ipRGC excitations compared to natural environments.
9880h agoMutations in KCNA1 disrupt neurodevelopment, causing intellectual disability, epilepsy, and behavioral problems, by altering the function of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.1.
9880h agoCholinergic agents modulate GABAergic inputs to PnO neurons, either depressing or facilitating inhibition, which can lead to a relief of GABAergic inhibition of PnO neurons and control rapid eye movement sleep.
9880h agoThe pharyngeal sensory system in Drosophila melanogaster larvae consists of 15 sensilla with four mechanosensory, nine chemosensory, and two dual-function sensilla, and provides a foundation for future studies of sensory perception in insects.
9880h agoA new two-photon microscopy system enables single-cell resolution imaging of neural activity across a large area of the brain, allowing visualization of brain structures and neuronal activities from superficial layers to deep areas.
9880h agoSmall tau aggregates differ in abundance, morphology, and post-translational modifications across tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.
9884h agoActivating the OXR1 gene and deactivating the EMC4 gene control the formation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein aggregates, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
9884h agoTargeting the HTT1a transcript is more effective at delaying HTT aggregation and transcriptional dysregulation than targeting full-length HTT.
9884h agoTraining context determines how and what people learn during motor adaptation, with people learning more implicitly and generalizing their learning differently depending on whether they train with targets of equal amplitude in different directions or targets of varying amplitudes in a single direction.
9888h agoSensory reliability affects how well barn owls can localize sounds, with more reliable cues leading to better sound localization and the relationship between neuronal responses and behavioral performance depending on both tuning and variability of neuronal responses.
9888h agoOxytocin and dopamine systems interact to modulate social safety learning, with oxytocin enhancing learning when dopamine signaling is intact, and both systems being required for responding to trust violations.
9888h agoDisrupted cholesterol metabolism impairs neurons, with brain-derived cholesterol metabolites 24S-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol directly interacting with alpha-synuclein to promote its accumulation and cause neuronal dysfunction.
9888h agoHippocampal neural activity in mice encodes both environmental location and experience relative to rewards, spanning long distances from the reward.
9892h agoMEMnets integrate statistical mechanics with deep learning to identify the slowest collective variables for biomolecular dynamics, effectively capturing memory effects.
9896h agoDendritic calcium-mediated action potentials enable single neurons to learn and represent individual items from a continuous stream of mixed information by organizing synapses with correlated activities.
9896h agoOxytocin receptors in the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) help control social approach and vigilance behaviors after stress, especially in response to more distant social stimuli.
9896h agoThe hippocampus and the left angular gyrus play separate roles in retrieving and expressing precise memories of spatial locations.
9896h agoChronic treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids disrupts cognitive function and alters synaptic structure and plasticity in the brain.
9896h agoA neural network model developed to perform visual search directly from pixels in natural scenes replicates human-like behavior, scanpaths, and neural activity, and makes testable predictions about internal representations and prioritization.
9896h agoInstruction-tuned multimodal large language models generate brain-aligned representations, particularly when using task-specific instructions, and their layers align hierarchically with the brain's processing areas.
9900h agoThe brain uses prior predictions to reduce neural responses when recognizing expected words and shows increased anticipatory activity before expected words are heard.
9900h agoSecond-person neuroscience models social cognition as embodied meaning co-regulation through reciprocal interaction, where affect emerges from inference over identity-relevant surprise and is computed from self-model prediction error.
9900h agoThis work examines fundamental elements of spiking neural networks, focusing on neuronal units, hyperparameters, input encoding, and excitatory-inhibitory populations, and how they impact the behavior of two foundational neuron types.
9900h agoLarge Language Models' ability to retrieve information declines as interference accumulates from previous information, revealing a working memory bottleneck that limits their ability to flexibly manipulate information.
9900h agoEye tracking can provide objective insights into brain function and cognitive processing by analysing eye movements, and it may serve as a preliminary indicator of neural processes for differential diagnosis.
9900h agoEnteric ganglia in adult mice are ten times more resistant to deformation than brain tissue, with glia-rich and neuron-rich regions having similar stiffness to surrounding smooth muscle.
9900h agoPrecise control of neural activity deep in the brain can be achieved noninvasively by modulating a person's natural visual feed.
9900h agoA neural network estimator and a new acquisition function improve the efficiency and reliability of adaptive psychophysical procedures for measuring multi-dimensional psychometric functions.
9900h agoLarge Language Models have a concerning property: they destroy up to 80% of unrelated knowledge when learning contradictory facts, and this problem persists even with targeted network updates.
9900h agoFlexible tool selection is achieved through a framework that uses low-dimensional attribute representations to bridge visual tool perception and linguistic task understanding, with a model accuracy of 74% on tool selection tasks.
9900h agoFlow-Lenia, a mass conservative extension of Lenia, generates spatially-localized patterns with complex behaviors and can be optimized to produce life-like creatures with behaviors of interest.
9900h agoThe study of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equations in an ideal fluid with irrotational motion yields families of traveling wave solutions, including solitary and periodic solutions.
9900h agoThe Schr\"odinger equation is solvable by quadrature if and only if its meromorphic potential is reflectionless and absolutely integrable on $\mathbb{R}\setminus(-R_0,R_0)$ for some $R_0>0$.
9900h agoIntroducing appropriate incident momentum promotes the generation of second-order rogue waves in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weaker interspecies interactions.
9900h agoLarge learning rates can shift neural network optimization from exploitation to a balance of exploration and exploitation, allowing for faster training and improved accuracy.
9900h agoThe study of the Feingold-Peres model reveals that few-body systems with chaotic classical limits exhibit statistical properties of observables consistent with random matrix theory universality.
9900h agoA new framework solves multiplayer games on graphs with any number of strategies by linking them to the Balls-and-Boxes problem, allowing for the analysis of games on structured populations.
9900h agoNeuralized fermionic tensor network states achieve order of magnitude improvements in ground-state energy for the 1D and 2D Fermi-Hubbard models compared to pure fermionic tensor networks.
9900h agoNative ring structures in amorphous networks determine their properties by hosting dopants, and a new computational framework called Indistinguishable Simulated Folding efficiently simulates structural anisotropy in these networks.
9900h agoMagnetization plateaus in quantum magnets provide a way to detect disorder, and spectroscopic lines can serve as a signature of disorder, allowing for its quantification and characterization.
9900h agoA new decoding scheme uses a trained quantum circuit to correct errors in real-time, allowing for faster error correction that matches the speed of quantum operations.
9900h agoAn artificial neural network machine learning interatomic potential accurately describes the thermodynamics and kinetics of the La-Si-P system, enabling reliable molecular dynamics simulations.
9900h agoA tight-binding model with quasi-periodic nature has macroscopically degenerate zero-energy modes and exhibits a characteristic sublattice dependence of particle density distribution that belongs to a class-I hyperuniform distribution.
9900h agoLarge learning rates can shift neural network optimization from exploitation to a balance of exploration and exploitation, allowing for faster training and improved accuracy.
9900h agoA neural network-based algorithm accurately and efficiently computes multiple low-lying excited states of quantum many-body spin systems without needing explicit state orthogonalization.
9900h agoTransformers can approximate exact inference algorithms when trained on specific tasks, and they learn to include correlations at increasing distances through sequential layers during training.
9900h agoA universal framework classifies quantum states based on their correlation structure at different scales, defining intrinsic length scales and providing a novel approach to understanding quantum matter.
9900h agoNode heterogeneity is not necessary for network communities to emerge, and communities can form as an emergent property of networks evolving with local rules.
9900h agoThe proposed spectral algorithms achieve the optimal reconstruction threshold for weakly reconstructing the relevant index subspace in a Gaussian multi-index model.
9900h agoUniversal conductance fluctuations in mesoscopic devices depend on Fermi energy and increase with growing anisotropy, deviating from the standard Altshuler-Lee-Stone theory.
9900h agoThe bistable behavior of spinal motoneurons, which enables them to switch between a quiescent state and self-sustained firing, mainly depends on the interplay between several intrinsic ionic mechanisms, primarily driven by the calcium-activated nonspecific cation current.
9900h agoAlpha-synuclein protein variants associated with Parkinson's disease have different effects on forming biomolecular condensates, with some increasing and others decreasing condensate formation, contributing to disease through divergent pathways.
9900h agoCardiac signals influence people's experience of the urge to move, with the timing of their actions often aligned with the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
9900h agoAutomatic LSS integration relies on shared neural circuits for both newly learned and overlearned associations, but overlearned associations uniquely recruit brain activity in the left parietal cortex.
9904h agoBasal forebrain cholinergic neurons modulate cortical circuits through two main hubs: layer 1 inhibitory neurons and layer 6 excitatory neurons.
9904h agoTranscription factors EBF3 and BCL11B are involved in the development of arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons, while FOXP1 and FOXP2 are involved in the development of oxytocin (OXT) neurons.
9904h agoSaccades impair the processing of semantic category information in naturalistic scenes, causing a reduction in scene categorization accuracy and degraded neural representations of scene categories immediately after the saccade.
9904h agoMacrovascular correction enhances the relationship between EEG and rs-fMRI metrics, and sex and EEG complexity are significantly associated with resting-state functional activity.
9904h agoAlcohol exposure in the third trimester equivalent causes long-lasting changes in brain activity, including decreased firing rates and altered neural patterns, in areas necessary for spatial learning and memory.
9912h agoCell-type heterogeneity in brain cells declines in regions that generate seizures, and a single ionic current can tune this heterogeneity, which can be restored by blocking this current.
9912h agoBinge drinking activates a small group of neurons in the brain that reduces further alcohol consumption by sending signals to another part of the brain.
9916h agoChanges in synaptic input statistics drive changes in neural diversity through intrinsic plasticity, which in turn affects network heterogeneity.
9920h agoReduced GluN2A expression alters the susceptibility of hippocampal circuits to seizure-like activity in a model-dependent manner, potentially by changing intrinsic or synaptic excitability.
9920h agoPupil-linked arousal modulates activity in different types of neurons in the auditory cortex through diverse response patterns, affecting their response strength, encoding, and frequency selectivity.
9920h agoStress modulates itch through a specific population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) that project to brainstem regions, suppressing itch when activated and enhancing itch when inhibited.
9920h agoGene therapy with AAV9-CSA vector increases lifespan and improves conditions in a mouse model of Cockayne Syndrome by addressing deficiencies in DNA repair and mitochondrial metabolism.
9920h agoLarge language models' human-like behaviors emerge from their interaction with their environment and goals, not just their internal design, and require a new scientific approach called AI Agent Behavioral Science to understand and govern their actions.
9924h agoA neuronal network model, inspired by the Ising model, transitions from asynchronous to synchronized activity as its temperature-like parameter increases, exhibiting complex behavior similar to patterns found in cortical recordings.
9924h agoConstraints in natural intelligence, such as limited neural bandwidth and energy, promote efficiency, adaptability, and creativity, and similar "less is more" principles can be used to develop more efficient and interpretable artificial systems.
9924h agoHeterogeneity in intrinsic neural timescales within the frontal cortex enhances performance in a context-dependent working memory task by balancing fast and slow timescales.
9924h agoA large dataset of brain activity, eye movements, and mental states helps develop algorithms to handle eye movements and improve the accuracy of decoding users' thoughts and intentions.
9924h agoThe combination of spiking neural networks and Lempel-Ziv complexity creates an efficient and interpretable classifier for spatiotemporal neural data.
9924h agoA new benchmark dataset, NSD-Imagery, allows assessment of how well fMRI-to-image reconstruction models perform on mental images, and reveals that model performance on mental images is largely unrelated to performance on seen images.
9924h agoBiologically plausible learning rules, such as e-prop, can achieve neural data similarity comparable to Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) when matched for task accuracy.
9924h agoAn endovascular brain-computer interface can record neural activity related to eye movements and translate it into control commands in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
9924h agoOpen data and open science principles in neuroscience will transform understanding of the nervous system, and new social structures and active communities are needed to facilitate their wider adoption.
9924h agoA novel framework called ST-USleepNet accurately extracts sleep features and staging by modeling spatial-temporal patterns from raw sleep signals.
9924h agoMindLLM, a new model, decodes fMRI signals into text with improved performance across subjects and tasks.
9924h agoInitializing random recurrent neural networks with a tailored distribution enables robust FORCE learning for stable and accurate target-learning.
9924h agoComputational imaging approach Neuroimaging with Oblong Random Acquisition (NORA) enables fast imaging of neural circuits by quickly acquiring microscopy video frames through subsampling and recovering full video sequences.
9924h agoTen elementary cellular automata rules have properties that make them suitable as a hash function, including error minimization and maximization, unique solutions, and efficient retroactive hashing.
9924h agoStochastic Gradient Descent calibration accurately models the chaotic dynamics of the Sprott circuit by optimizing control parameters and a variable resistor to match experimental data.
9924h agoHigher-order interactions in coupled oscillator networks simultaneously expand and contract the stability of different states, and modify potential well depths, leading to asymmetry in stability and resistance to noise-induced transitions.
9924h agoThe free energy principle explains resilience as a process of self-reorganisation that maintains identity through constant reconfiguration under changing conditions.
9924h agoA novel symbolic partition method, called Koopman Analysis (KA), uses Koopman operator theory to divide multivariate chaotic time series into precise symbolic cells.
9924h agoThe full symmetric Toda system is integrable according to the Lie-Bianchi criterion because it has a solvable Lie algebra of vector fields on its phase space that leaves the system invariant.
9924h agoBäcklund-Darboux transformations for integrable hierarchies of nonlinear equations, such as KP and BKP, can be extended to fully discrete versions using the bilinear formalism and the operator approach with free fermionic fields.
9924h agoThe GBDT approach constructs explicit solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation using an exponential seed.
9924h agoMultipotentialisation of evolution equations leads to nonlocal transformations and invariance transformations that can generate solutions for a chain of potential equations.
9924h agoSubcritical Turing bifurcations lead to the spontaneous onset of well-developed localised patterns in large domains through the homoclinic snaking mechanism when source and loss effects are balanced in a reaction-diffusion system.
9924h agoTwo types of soliton solutions, transverse and longitudinal solitons, exist in a rhombic one-dimensional lattice, with longitudinal solitons found outside, on, and under the forbidden gap and discrete solitons derived from a wave packet at the Brillouin zone center.
9924h agoA new approach to discrete Painlev\'e equations views them as transformations in 3D space that preserve a set of quadrics, and classifies them based on the properties of these quadrics.
9924h agoChaos in a nonlinear field leads to dynamical thermalization and the formation of a Rayleigh-Jeans condensate, accumulating 80-90% of total probability, above a certain chaos border of nonlinearity.
9924h agoHeterogeneity in intrinsic neural timescales within the frontal cortex enhances performance in a context-dependent working memory task by balancing fast and slow timescales.
9924h agoThe 2-soliton solution to the modified Camassa-Holm equation with cubic nonlinearity is nonlinearly stable to perturbations in the Sobolev space $H^2$.
9924h agoMinimal nonlinearity is sufficient and often optimal for sequence modeling tasks, enabling simpler, more robust, and more interpretable models.
9924h agoParametric classes of Lotka-Volterra systems with additional linear Darboux polynomials are associated with admissible loopless hypergraphs, and a new 13-parameter 5-component superintegrable Lotka-Volterra system is presented.
9924h agoThe model introduced by Volterra is maximally superintegrable and reducible to a system with only one degree of freedom regardless of the number of species considered.
9924h agoThe nonequilibrium steady state of an open quantum system can be integrable independently of the Liouvillian, and its structure shows relevant contributions from Pauli strings of all possible lengths.
9924h agoThe onset of turbulence in pipe flow is preceded by transient turbulent spots or puffs that have distinct characteristics, including longevity, abrupt relaminarization, and super-exponential lifetime scaling, which are explained by a noisy saddle-node bifurcation derived from the Navier-Stokes equations.
9924h agoOscillons in global anti-de Sitter space have resonance structures in their lifetimes based on their core size and curvature radius.
9924h agoThe study identifies a resonance condition in turbulent flows that causes non-Gaussian behavior and bursts in passive tracer transport, occurring when zonal and shear flow phase speeds are equivalent.
9924h agoThe condensate impacts the properties of elementary excitations in a Gross-Pitaevskii chain with an incommensurate periodic potential, exhibiting a nontrivial mobility edge with branching and fractal states.
9924h agoOver-parametrized deep neural networks develop a solid-liquid-solid structure, where parameters near the input/output boundaries are strongly constrained by training data, while those in the center remain largely free, allowing for good generalization ability.
9924h agoA completely analog framework emulates universal quantum gates and algorithms using electronic circuits made of operational amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors.
9924h agoSupercooled liquids can be categorized into two distinct states, solid-like and liquid-like behaviors, based on their dynamic features, and undergo a crossover between these states at a characteristic temperature.
9924h agoA tunable artificial spin lattice platform reveals a quantitative correlation between static disorder and dynamic spectral complexity in nanomagnet systems.
9924h agoFlat band superconductivity remains robust against disorder, requiring a finite critical disorder strength to localize fermion pairs and destroy superconductivity, proportional to the superconducting weight of the clean system.
9924h agoA neural-network-based approach accurately calculates absorption spectra for large molecules with over 50 electrons by combining neural quantum ground states with the kernel polynomial method.
9924h agoNon-Hermitian systems exhibit a direct link between their spectral structure and computational capacity, enabling a tunable learnability threshold for temporal quantum machine learning.
9924h agoFeature-learning deep nets collapse data into a regular low-dimensional geometry through the collective action of factors like nonlinearity and noise.
9924h agoBanded random matrices show weak long-range energy correlations in their nonergodic phase, despite lacking short-range correlations.
9924h agoThe global density-of-states correlation function exhibits GUE-type oscillations at low energies and a power-law decay at high energies in the L'evy-Rosenzveig-Porter random matrix ensemble.
9924h agoSquare Wave Perceptrons exhibit an overlap gap in their solution space, making typical problem instances hard to solve, and their characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the frequency of oscillations in their activation function.
9924h agoThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to recent advances in applying machine learning methods to quantum sciences, covering topics such as deep learning, kernel methods, and quantum machine learning.
9924h agoPeriodic driving leads to rich topological phases in a one-dimensional array of randomly pointed Rydberg atoms, exhibiting robust amorphous topological phases with edge modes.
9924h agoTuning the strength of impurities can reverse the chirality of a topological insulator, inducing a phase transition to a topological Anderson insulator.
9924h agoPeriodic driving of particles creates crystalline structures in their dynamics, which can be used to study solid-state physics phenomena in the time domain and engineer photonic time crystals.
9924h agoA novel spiking artificial neuron design uses a combined spin valve/magnetic tunnel junction to mimic biological neural behaviors with low power consumption and fast operation.
9924h agoUltracold polar molecules with a spin degree of freedom can become entangled through collisions, leading to spin decoherence, and molecular loss can suppress collective spin decoherence through a mechanism called "loss-induced quantum autoselection".
9924h agoHyperbolic GRU neural quantum state ansatz performs comparably to or better than Euclidean RNNs in approximating ground state energy for quantum many-body systems.
9924h agoLarge Language Models reach peak performance by operating at a critical point, where they can generalize from minimal data and solve complex problems.
9924h agoHigher resolution imaging and certain tractography methods improve the accuracy of short-range association fiber reconstruction, and using these techniques can lead to more accurate mapping of brain connections.
9932h agoMacromolecules are cleared from cerebrospinal fluid by moving from periarterial to perivenous spaces where arteriovenous spaces overlap.
9936h agoOlfactory impairment in Alzheimer's disease is linked to genetic and environmental risk factors, including APOE genotype, age, diet, and immune status, which affect brain networks and molecular signatures.
9936h agoLRRK2 kinase activity and Rab12 phosphorylation are increased in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Dementia with Lewy bodies, and are associated with tau and alpha-synuclein pathology.
9936h agoAn automated analysis pipeline called TURBO enables efficient and reproducible analysis of tissue perfusion and metabolism at regional and voxel level using total-body PET imaging.
9936h agoRepetitive mild traumatic brain injury causes neural injury in mice without affecting amyloid deposition, sleep patterns, or epileptiform activity.
9936h agoDisruptions in the balance between excitation and inhibition within specific brain areas contribute to behavioral abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder.
9936h agoThe interaction between Beaten Path and Sidestep proteins is required for establishing proper connectivity of motor neurons with muscles.
9940h agoPOLG mutations disrupt early brain development by impairing mitochondrial function and altering the fate of neural progenitor cells, but metformin can mitigate these effects by restoring mitochondrial function and promoting neuron production.
9940h agoPatients with early psychosis have altered brain connectivity, particularly between sensory-motor, default mode, and subcortical networks, which is associated with cognitive inflexibility and arousal dysregulation.
9940h agoChildhood maltreatment affects brain structure differently in young adults and children, with abuse and neglect linked to changes in brain volume, thickness, and surface area, especially in young females.
9940h agoMicroplastic particles have no major effect on the behavior or neurochemistry of fish, except for reducing their movement in certain sensory-motor tests.
9940h agoTargeting peripheral GABAA receptors with a novel compound, Li633, reduces visceral hypersensitivity and pain in rat models of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
9940h agoAir pollution exposure is associated with changes in children's hippocampal structure and memory performance, with specific pollutants like organic carbon, ozone, and traffic pollution linked to differences in hippocampal diffusion, volume, and learning ability.
9940h agoHippocampal theta oscillations respond to effort and movement, with theta frequency and power peaking during the paw push motion in a string-pulling task, and theta phase aligning during the pull motion that advances the string forward.
9940h agoNeural activity related to error detection is present in the speech motor cortex and can be decoded to enable a brain-to-text speech neuroprosthesis to identify its own errors with up to 86% accuracy.
9940h agoRadiomics features extracted from thalamic nuclei are strongly associated with cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis, outperforming traditional volumetric measures.
9940h agoThe cerebral cortex is active even without external stimuli, showing collective neuronal activities that support sensory processing and brain readiness.
9940h agoThe sensorimotor system develops early in the womb and supports body representations critical for perception, action, and interaction with the environment. However, I rewrote it as: The sensorimotor system develops early in the womb and supports body representations for perception, action, and interaction with the environment. But an even better rewrite would be to incorporate information from the rest of the text: The sensorimotor system develops early in the womb with distinct microstructural properties that support body representations for perception, action, and interaction with the environment, and this development can be disrupted by preterm birth.
9940h agoExcitatory and inhibitory synapses use similar methods of ultrafast endocytosis to recycle synaptic vesicles.
9940h agoTau pathology accumulates in the brain's central circadian pacemaker, but does not disrupt core circadian timing mechanisms, suggesting that circadian disruptions in tauopathies may arise from other parts of the circadian system.
9940h agoA 3D deep learning framework accurately segments white matter microstructures in large brain imaging volumes, achieving an overall accuracy of over 0.96 and enabling fast quantitative analysis.
9944h agoA mathematical model of a cortical microcircuit shows that EEG rhythms and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity are correlated, with the level of correlation depending on external input conditions and EEG frequency bands.
9944h agoThe brain uses modality-agnostic representations to perform tasks regardless of how signals are perceived, and large areas of the brain contain these representations that can decode visual scenes across different stimulus modalities.
9944h agoPorphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia pathogens reprogram microglia in distinct ways, leading to different inflammatory responses that contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
9944h agoLower expression of PNOC and OPRL1 genes is linked to Alzheimer's disease, with PNOC associated with psychiatric symptoms and OPRL1 with disrupted circadian regulation.
9944h agoFood images, especially those high in protein, easily grab attention and a stronger attention bias is seen in people who have consumed less protein.
9944h agoInjected magnetoelectric nanodiscs alleviate motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease by remotely exciting neurons in the brain, comparable to traditional electrode-based deep brain stimulation.
9944h agoCochlear implant users' brains can adapt to music listening over time, with more experienced users showing stronger brain responses to music, and their ability to perceive music may continue to improve for up to 2-4 years after implantation.
9944h agoALDH2 enzyme plays a critical role in reducing damage after spinal cord injury by clearing toxic aldehydes, and its activation can improve recovery, especially in individuals with a specific mutation that impairs this enzyme.
9944h agoAccelerometry provides a more objective and less variable alternative to visual inspection for estimating the Resting Motor Threshold, although Electromyography remains the most sensitive technique.
9944h agoAstrocytes in the brain change their gene activity in response to cocaine, and a protein called CREB increases the rewarding effects of cocaine in males by altering the activity of these astrocytes and connected brain cells.
9944h agoTau protein is translated mainly in neuronal dendrites and one-third of it is degraded by a special proteasome, and failure of this degradation process leads to accumulation of mislocalized Tau aggregates.
9944h agoA new protocol combining Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI) and MR-guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) allows researchers to map brain activity and create precise lesions without surgery in non-model organisms.
9944h agoActivating the NOP receptor with the drug SCH-221510 reduces anxiety-related behaviors and neural responses to scary stimuli in monkeys by changing the connections between brain areas that process fear.
9944h agoDisrupted forward connections in the brain's memory network are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and memory impairment.
9944h agoThe paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) contributes to sleep disturbances during ethanol withdrawal by increasing wakefulness and decreasing non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep through the downregulation of M-channels.
9944h agoAir pollution exposure combined with changes in brain microstructure in appetite-regulating regions is associated with higher body mass index over two years, especially in males.
9944h agoOptimizing sample preparation and using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enables detection of synaptic proteins in whole-tissue lysates and synaptosome preparations, and a tiered approach using both methods provides insight into synaptic alterations in brain disorders.
9944h agoOdd neurons integrate innate and learned olfactory information to guide navigational choices in Drosophila larvae.
9944h agoChanges in light-dark conditions cause loss of memory in fruit flies, and this loss of memory is passed down through three generations of females.
9944h agoAdolescent alcohol exposure leads to long-lasting changes in brain development and increases the risk of alcohol use in adulthood, especially in females, by disrupting prefrontal cortical connections with other brain networks.
9944h agoGenetic predisposition for impulsivity and risk-taking is associated with differences in brain structure in children as young as 9-10 years old.
9944h agoType 2 diabetes leads to heightened stress responses, changes in the brain, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, partly due to increased glucocorticoid levels.
9944h agoCis-chlordane, an organochlorine pesticide, causes motor neuron damage by altering mitochondrial function, leading to phenotypes similar to those seen in ALS.
9944h agoMacrophages directly contribute to neuropathic pain by amplifying damaged sensory neuron activity through dynamic molecular and functional changes that influence neuronal hyperexcitability.
9944h agoA single process of evidence accumulation with separate boundaries for initial choice and confidence reports explains choice behaviour, subjective confidence, and associated neural decision signals.
9944h agoStimulating a brain pathway called CeApons makes animals overeat and exhibit eating-like behaviors, even when they are full and not hungry.
9944h agoThe perception of motion in contrast modulation stimuli relies mainly on luminance signals, with achromatic stimuli being less affected by luminance masking noise than chromatic stimuli.
9944h agoEarly hippocampal hyperactivity in Alzheimer's disease is caused by reduced inhibitory synaptic input, hypoactivity of fast-spiking interneurons, and enhanced bursting in pyramidal neurons, leading to accelerated hippocampal oscillations.
9944h agoManipulating gut miRNA changes the gut and brain bacteria composition, decreases Alzheimer's disease pathology, and affects brain function and behavior.
9944h agoAutonomy is a fundamental property of cognitive systems that resists containment and control, so AI safety efforts must shift to mutualistic negotiation and reciprocal incentive structures.
9948h agoContinuous speech research challenges conventional methods, offering richer insights into neural encoding, functional brain mapping, and neural entrainment by using more realistic paradigms.
9948h agoScientists precisely controlled neural activity in the brains of macaques by subtly altering their natural visual feed, achieving targeted modulation of specific neurons while leaving nearby ones unaffected.
9948h agoThe Markov blanket density, a measure of conditional independence between internal and external states, provides a necessary foundation for the Free Energy Principle, and its spatial gradients naturally lead to active inference dynamics.
9948h agoA biologically-plausible neural network called the similarity matching network converges to a principal subspace projection through three coupled dynamics with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning rules.
9948h agoThe human hypothalamus is composed of four functional subregions with distinct connections to the cortex, showing stronger links with frontal, midline, and limbic areas and weaker links with posterior sensorimotor regions.
9948h agoClustered networks of interconnected neurons can display a diverse array of nonlinear dynamics, including metastable periodic orbits and chaotic attractors, which can be predicted from their connectivity structure.
9948h agoTransformers develop the ability to generalize to new tasks after seeing a few examples when trained on diverse tasks.
9948h agoBrain-based metrics are not always stable traits that uniquely identify individuals, and therefore may not fit the traditional definition of a biometric fingerprint.
9948h agoSpiking Neural Networks combined with Lempel-Ziv Complexity achieve high accuracy in breast cancer classification, reaching up to 98.25% accuracy at a lower computational cost than traditional deep learning methods.
9948h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by analyzing samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
9948h agoHigh-quality complete synchronization between lasers in different network topologies is possible using Ikeda modeling.
9948h agoThe deformed type $D_{2N}$ map can be generalized to higher ranks through a local expansion operation that involves inserting a specific subquiver into the quiver arising from the Laurentification of the deformed type $D_{4}$ map.
9948h agoDissipative quantum chaos can be characterized by entanglement dynamics and out-of-time-order correlators, which reveal two distinct regimes: transient chaos and steady-state chaos.
9948h agoThe Bennett profile of a plasma number density can be redefined with a vortical flow, maintaining its magnetic structure while transferring nonlinearity from density to plasma flow velocity.
9948h agoThe detection of rapid transition events in complex systems can be unreliable, but estimating the complexity of these events remains robust even with many false positives.
9948h agoDiscrete Painlev\'e equations are interpreted as autonomous birational transformations of $\mathbb P^3$ that preserve a pencil of quadrics and map each quadric to a different one.
9948h agoA mathematical model shows that cooperative learning can reduce math anxiety, and predicts that an optimal group size and random group switching can minimize anxiety levels.
9948h agoA model of collective behavior in active agents incorporates a perceptual decision-making process using quantum formalism, linking decision-making to classical dynamics.
9948h agoA new method infers entropy production in complex systems by analyzing samples of trajectory observables, without needing to reconstruct high-dimensional probability distributions or make special assumptions.
9948h agoTransformers develop the ability to generalize to new tasks after seeing a few examples when trained on diverse tasks.
9948h agoInvariant transports of stationary random measures persist in asymptotic variances if certain mixing criteria are met.
9948h agoCompeting automorphisms in disordered Floquet codes explain how topological order is protected or measured in the presence of noise.
9948h agoGraph neural networks can learn the electronic properties of materials with complex structures of up to 3,000 atoms and millions of orbital interactions, achieving prediction errors of less than 0.53%.
9948h agoIn-context denoising refines the connection between attention-based architectures and dense associative memory networks, and a single-layer transformer can solve certain denoising problems optimally.
9948h agoMonitoring classical stochastic processes can lead to measurement-induced phase transitions, including novel critical phases, when the processes have global symmetries and are subject to a fixed, typical measurement record.
9948h agoNF-1/CPE gene therapy prevents and reverses Alzheimer's disease pathology in mice by restoring critical proteins for neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and autophagy, and down-regulating proteins that promote tau and Aβ accumulation.
9948h agoGlycation of alpha-synuclein causes distinct Parkinson's disease pathology, leading to an earlier onset of motor symptoms, including dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and neuromuscular deficits.
9948h agoC9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion causes cell cycle dysregulation in neurons, which can be treated with the FDA-approved drug palbociclib, reducing motor neuron death.
9948h agoA specific cluster of neurons in the pretectum, expressing tcf7l2, plays a crucial role in distinguishing between different types of visual movement, and a subtype of these neurons, expressing nkx1.2lb, is required for the optomotor response.
9956h agoAdolescents with high genetic risk for bipolar disorder show different brain development patterns, including thicker cortex in certain areas and altered brain networks, which may be linked to lifestyle factors and specific genetic markers.
9964h agoProcrastination has a moderate genetic component and is linked to abnormal brain development in areas such as the nucleus accumbens and default mode network, and to changes in neurotransmitter systems.
9964h agoThe ketogenic diet triggers synaptic remodeling in the hippocampus by reducing synaptic vesicle pools and short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses, ultimately dampening excitatory synaptic gain and integration.
9968h agoDirect electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala enhances long-term memory for object images but not scene images in the human brain.
9968h agoMultiword verb constructions are processed differently in the brain depending on their type, with phrasal verbs stored as single units and prepositional verbs processed compositionally.
9968h agoBARTharm, a novel harmonization framework, uses image quality metrics and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees to accurately remove non-biological effects from image-derived phenotypes, outperforming existing methods.
9968h agoPATCH-AP method accurately localizes both discrete and spatially extended neural sources in Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and Electroencephalography (EEG), outperforming leading source localization methods in simulations and real MEG data tests.
9968h agoThe entorhinal cortex's layer II neurons accumulate high levels of amyloid-beta peptide due to their exceptionally high expression of reelin, which binds to the peptide, leading to early cell damage in Alzheimer's disease.
9968h agoPeople differ in how they predict upcoming language, with some relying on sentence meaning and others on the next presented word to process N400 amplitudes.
9976h agoMice recover from threat-induced stress by entering a slow-breathing immobility state that involves replaying the aversive experience in the hippocampus and is crucial for learning safe environments and emotional resilience.
9976h agoChemical exposure disrupts neural network formation in a brain cell model, with certain compounds causing concentration-dependent disruptions in network activity and action potential propagation.
9976h agoVascular Growth Endothelial Factor-A (VEGFA) mediates the growth of new nerves and blood vessels in the degenerating intervertebral disc, leading to chronic low back pain and impaired function.
9976h agoMotor axons cross the midline in a newly discovered pathway, where they split into groups, interdigitate with opposite groups, and then move to the correct positions in the spinal cord for limb control.
9976h agoDifferent strains of self-propagating alpha-synuclein aggregates can form spontaneously within the same environment, leading to distinct synucleinopathies with different characteristics.
9976h agoDopamine neurons in the brain are not uniform, with some being more vulnerable and others more resilient to degeneration in Parkinson's disease.
9980h agoTDP-43 pathology triggers the expression of mobile genetic elements, leading to cell death and non-cell autonomous effects on nearby neurons and glial cells in the motor cortex.
9980h agoThe skin helps maintain the integrity of embedded sensory neuron axons through a molecular machinery involving the guanine nucleotide exchange factor AGEF-1a and the small GTPase RAB-35.
9980h agoMettl14-mediated m6A methylation is critical for Schwann cell maintenance, and its deficiency causes progressive motor deficits, demyelination, and impaired nerve regeneration.
9980h agoThe respiratory rhythm influences aperiodic brain activity during sleep, with a prominent phase shift in this coupling as people transition from wakefulness to sleep.
9980h agoMitochondria decline with age, leading to reduced energy production, decreased axonal translation, and impaired protein synthesis in neurons.
9980h agoA gradient of hyperpolarization-activated cation channels is expressed in the nucleus magnocellularis, enabling neurons to encode temporally patterned inputs with precise timing.
9980h agoThe fetal cortex generates separate neural responses to discrete auditory stimuli, suggesting that fetuses perceive rapid stimuli as individual events rather than one fused stimulus.
9988h agoA single traumatic experience rewires social circuits in the brain, causing increased violence, social hesitancy, and exaggerated fear responses by changing the activity of specific neural ensembles in the ventral hippocampus.
9988h agoDamage to different parts of the brain disrupts speech production in distinct ways, affecting either the control of the larynx or the muscles of the face and mouth.
9988h agoStable individual differences in brain network organization at age 8.9-13.5 predict future cognitive ability better than short-term changes in brain networks.
9992h agoThe neural mechanisms of language processing involve a brain network that adapts to sociolinguistic factors, with individual variability in this network seen in bilingual and multilingual people.
9992h agoImpulsivity in early adolescence consists of eight latent dimensions, with three main factors - a general impulsivity factor, a mixed impulsivity style, and externalizing behaviors - that are linked to substance use and brain network function.
9992h agoA comprehensive map of neurons in larval zebrafish brains reveals structural differences between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and shows how they connect to form specific pathways and networks.
9992h agoA machine-learning approach helps simulate rare physical and chemical reactive processes by characterizing entire rare events in a single calculation.
9996h agoA new framework uses large language models to predict disease spread in real-time by combining multiple types of information and working with humans.
9996h agoPandemicLLM uses a large language model to predict disease trends by turning disease data into text, allowing it to respond to new variants in real time and provide forecasts for public health responses.
9996h agoMutations in the SCN2A gene cause severe epileptic seizures, and reducing NaV1.2 expression in mice leads to absence seizures that can be reduced by restoring NaV1.2 or delivering KV1.1.
9996h agoSensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion that respond to stimulation of the lower incisor or lip are located in a specific portion of the ganglion, but their spatial representation shows intermingling with no clear border between tooth-responding and lip-responding neurons.
9996h agoThe Acus device, an active implantable imager, records transient fluorescent signals in deep brain regions at high speed and achieves single-neuron resolution.
9996h agoLow-dimensional latent dynamics can explain high-dimensional neuronal activity in certain conditions, such as in the absence of a stimulus, when neurons process the dynamics nonlinearly.
9996h agoManipulating enzymes that regulate PP2A activity affects sensitivity to impairments caused by oligomeric tau, with increased leucine carboxyl methyltransferase1 (LCMT-1) reducing sensitivity and increased protein methyl esterase1 (PME-1) increasing sensitivity.
9996h agoThe choroid plexus shows sex-specific changes in circadian gene expression in a rat model of chronic migraine, with females upregulating antioxidant genes and males upregulating inflammatory factors, alongside circadian disruption.
9996h agoHippocampal-prefrontal circuits in the brain represent emotion concepts at multiple levels of abstraction, supporting the formation of knowledge about emotional experiences that spans contexts and time.
9996h agoMice that consumed ethanol showed lower nest building scores 7 days after drinking stopped, indicating a link between ethanol consumption and changes in this natural behavior.
9996h agoDopamine motivates people to repeat behaviors associated with its release.
10000h agoSleep cycles help process memories.
10000h agoScientists discover that tuning arousal levels improves brain performance.
10000h agoTwo new body-selective visual regions, the Ventromedial Body Area (VMBA) and the Medial Body Area (MBA), exist in the human brain and respond to images of bodies.
10000h agoPopulation receptive field size estimates in the early visual cortex are not noticeably affected by local vascularization, suggesting they primarily reflect neuronal activity rather than vascular characteristics.
10000h agoAlzheimer's disease causes early coordinated changes in brain cells, including rapid modulation of synaptic genes in neurons and corresponding responses in glial cells, which shapes the disease progression.
10000h agoThe human visual system perceives objects as stable or moving based on retinal slip, with stimuli moving in a direction consistent with retinal slip appearing relatively still, even with small movements.
10000h agoLarger pre-stimulus pupil size is associated with improved accuracy in near-threshold detection tasks, regardless of target color, eccentricity, lighting conditions, or retinal adaptation state.
10000h agoGPX4 protects retinal ganglion cells from degeneration and promotes optic nerve regeneration, offering a potential treatment for glaucoma.
10000h agoThe brain localizes touch using an intrinsic, limb-specific spatial code, where touch is represented in relation to each limb, not in a general, limb-independent frame of reference.
10000h agoCellular senescence causes increased tau phosphorylation, aggregation, and neuronal loss, leading to tau-related neuropathology.
10000h agoSpatial heterogeneity in brain clearance affects the progression of Alzheimer's disease by delaying and redirecting protein invasion, and may be a key factor for neurodegenerative resilience.
10000h agoA new method called Group Task-Related Component Analysis (gTRCA) reliably identifies reproducible brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation across different people and trials.
10004h agoTau antibodies bind to neurofibrillary tangles in distinct maturity levels, with early tau accumulation preceding more advanced forms, and computerized analysis can accurately assess these changes.
10004h agoVariations in surface roughness and material elasticity can produce perceptual roughness confounds, where different combinations of these properties create the same sensation of roughness.
10004h agoAbstinence and extinction training have different effects on brain activity and dopamine signaling, with abstinence increasing relapse vulnerability and extinction normalizing neural signals and reducing relapse-like behavior.
10004h agoThe transcription factor Gfi1 drives differentiation and regulates dendritic development in specific retinal ganglion cells, enabling them to detect downward motion.
10004h agoA high-calorie high-fat diet suppresses the production of a protein called PQBP1, which leads to changes in the splicing of genes related to synapses and ultimately impairs the release of synapse vesicles, causing brain dysfunction.
10008h agoHigher peak alpha frequency does not relate to the development of central sensitization, but individuals with a higher vision-related peak alpha frequency do exhibit greater habituation to pinprick stimuli.
10008h agoApplying TMS over the right superior parietal lobule while the brain is in a certain state reduces brain rigidity and relieves autistic traits.
10012h agoThe retrosplenial cortex encodes spatial hypotheses and combines them with new information to resolve ambiguities.
10012h agoNewly developed sleep stage classifiers, trained specifically on forehead EEG data, accurately identify sleep stages and detect artifacts, providing reliable tools for at-home sleep monitoring.
10012h agoThe MCH system and DA release in the brain are co-activated during food consumption and in response to food cues, and the MCH system can modulate DA release to influence food-motivated learning.
10012h agoDendritic inhibition terminates plateau potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons in an all-or-none manner, and this process is regulated by the interaction between intrinsic cellular mechanisms and feedback inhibitory circuits.
10012h agoThe brain processes multiple words simultaneously less effectively than sequentially, with reduced depth of processing when words compete for attention at the same time.
10012h agoHumans adapt their learning rates in two ways: they make fast adjustments within a situation and also learn slower, general adaptations to different environments.
10012h agoCortical activity represents automatic movements, such as grooming, and specific cortical networks are activated at the start of these movements, declining as the behavior continues.
10012h agoNeuroestrogens regulate social behavior and cognition, and a new method allows for the simultaneous measurement of eleven estrogens, which found that only estrone and 17{beta}-E2 are present in blood and brain of song sparrows.
10012h agoMemories for events change over time because the organization of brain cells in the hippocampus changes, causing memories to lose their details and become less specific.
10012h agoExtracellular vesicles from multiple sclerosis brains show downregulation of synaptic and mitochondrial proteins and upregulation of complement and inflammatory proteins, reflecting ongoing synaptic pathology, metabolic dysfunction, and CNS inflammation.
10012h agoA novel data fusion approach, aNy-way independent component analysis, identifies linked sources across different data types and reveals a cortico-thalamo-cerebellar circuit that underlies cognitive dysmetria in schizophrenia.
10012h agoMicroglia use a specialized activation program called the Interferon-Responsive Microglia state to support brain health, and this program is regulated by a network of 772 genes.
10012h agoThe neural basis for distinguishing speech from music lies in how the brain encodes and tracks specific acoustic features, with speech mainly linked to temporal patterns and music to spectral patterns, particularly in non-primary auditory regions.
10012h agoMaintaining a vowel in working memory changes how people perceive auditory targets during speech planning, and also affects the outcome of speech.
10012h agoThe GAIN model uses a grid-based structure to improve biological plausibility and neural network dynamics by allowing neurons to interact with their closest neighbors.
10020h agoIndividuals with long-term substance use disorder often struggle to resist drug use despite knowing its harmful consequences because their brain's reward system prioritizes immediate drug rewards over long-term negative consequences.
10020h agoMeasurement-induced phase transition plays a key role in the generative model of cognitive networks and the formation of the state of consciousness in the newborn-adult transition.
10020h agoTRACE, a new contrastive learning framework, learns representations of neural time-series data by averaging across different subsets of trials, outperforming other methods and capturing biologically relevant variation and cell-type-related structure.
10020h agoHippampal place fields arise from linear projections of grid cell population activity, and a frequency-dependent decay of grid-to-place connection weights transforms discrete grid inputs into a continuous range of place field sizes.
10020h agoPOSSM, a novel hybrid architecture, enables fast and efficient decoding of neural activity, achieving accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art models at a much lower computational cost.
10020h agoTransformer-based models perform transitive inference naturally when they store information in their network parameters, but not when they rely on information presented in the input sequence, and pre-training on structured tasks helps them make generalizable inferences.
10020h agoActivation maximization can be used to interpret DNN-based encoding models of the human brain, generating images that drive activity in targeted visual areas and allowing exploration of selectivity across the visual cortex.
10020h agoA new neural operator framework called NOBLE learns to predict the behavior of human neurons, capturing their variability and complex biophysical properties, and enabling efficient generation of synthetic neurons that mimic real neurons.
10020h agoMorse-Smale dynamical systems connect generative diffusion models and associative memory models, and their universal properties reveal a transition from generation to memory as noise levels decrease.
10020h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity, thanks to slow regions in the energy landscape that persist as shallow, unstable remnants.
10020h agoThe brain-mesh model introduces a three-layered architecture that explains brain-wide phenomena, including phase gradients, resonance frequencies, and long-range plasticity effects, by integrating local and macro-regional connectivity with a mesh-inspired network layer.
10020h agoConvolutional diffusion models generate original images by combining local patches from training data, and two simple biases, locality and equivariance, can predict their outputs with high accuracy.
10020h agoA system can self-organize to be on the verge of multiple phase transitions at the same time, allowing it to operate in a more versatile state than previously recognized.
10020h agoA data-driven framework using Neural ODEs learns reduced-order moment dynamics from PDE-governed systems, enabling robust learning from sparse and irregular time series data.
10020h agoThe study detects dissipative quantum chaos and integrability in open many-body quantum systems, identifying universal spectral features, including a "donut-shaped" distribution for chaotic systems and a sharp peak for integrable systems.
10020h agoA novel model of opinion dynamics that incorporates memory effects shows that historical information has a persistent influence on opinion formation and evolution.
10020h agoMorse-Smale dynamical systems connect generative diffusion models and associative memory models, and their universal properties reveal a transition from generation to memory as noise levels decrease.
10020h agoReservoir computing generalizes to unexplored regions of state space without explicit structural priors when trained on multiple trajectories from a collection of disjoint time series.
10020h agoThe analysis of a 2-dimensional gene expression model reveals chaotic dynamics and bistability, where two disjoint attractors exist, and shows that different reaction rates lead to unpredictable dynamics with periodic or chaotic behavior.
10020h agoThin film lithium niobate waveguides with specific topology can exhibit two-colour spatial solitons that emerge from nonlinear interactions between guided modes.
10020h agoThe spherical harmonic oscillator system with spin-orbit coupling has periodic orbits that include solutions where orbital motion is coupled to spin precession, and these orbits undergo bifurcations that create new orbits with constant period.
10020h agoThe elliptic Calogero-Moser systems associated with complex crystallographic groups can be used as Seiberg-Witten integrable systems for certain superconformal field theories, and this approach leads to compact descriptions of elliptic fibrations, Seiberg-Witten differentials, and quantum spectral curves.
10020h agoSeparation of variables is a powerful method applicable to a wide range of quantum integrable systems, and recent progress has allowed its implementation for rational SU(N) spin chains, enabling new compact representations for observables such as scalar products and correlators.
10020h agoShape-changing robots form pairs that stay together through locally repulsive collisions, and these pairs, or "gliders," can travel long distances while maintaining their bond.
10020h agoSquare Wave Perceptrons exhibit an overlap gap in their solution space, making typical problem instances hard to solve, and their characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the frequency of oscillations in their activation function.
10020h agoPatterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy in associative memory models even when the number of stored patterns exceeds the critical capacity, thanks to slow regions in the energy landscape that persist as shallow, unstable remnants.
10020h agoMicrotubule lattices can support decoherence-resistant entangled states and dissipation-free energy transfer, enabling logic-gate-like behavior and potentially scalable, ambient-temperature quantum computation.
10020h agoThe study detects dissipative quantum chaos and integrability in open many-body quantum systems, identifying universal spectral features, including a "donut-shaped" distribution for chaotic systems and a sharp peak for integrable systems.
10020h agoA new type of neural network called perceptrain is proposed, which combines features from deep neural networks and tensor networks to efficiently represent complex quantum many-body states.
10020h agoMorse-Smale dynamical systems connect generative diffusion models and associative memory models, and their universal properties reveal a transition from generation to memory as noise levels decrease.
10020h agoQuantum annealing platforms can enable fast and efficient training of classical neural networks, achieving superior performance scaling compared to classical backpropagation methods.
10020h agoConvolutional diffusion models generate original images by combining local patches from training data, and two simple biases, locality and equivariance, can predict their outputs with high accuracy.
10020h agoLimited data affects training of pairwise energy-based models for inverse problems, with learning timescales tied to the spectral decomposition of the empirical covariance matrix.
10020h agoTrained individuals have greater and more linear motor unit discharge patterns, especially at higher contraction forces, which may enable them to produce greater force.
10020h agoCD72 disrupts microglial tiling by modulating pathways associated with cell adhesion, repulsive receptors, microglial activation, and cytoskeletal organization.
10020h agoChronic benzodiazepine treatment causes changes in the organization of proteins at inhibitory synapses, leading to a reduction in benzodiazepine sensitivity and restricting the renewal of benzodiazepine-sensitive receptors.
10028h agoSomatostatin neurons in the prefrontal cortex help initiate sleep-preparatory behavior and sleep by communicating with the preoptic and lateral hypothalamus.
10032h agoDynamic homeostatic processes preserve cortical representations in the brain by recruiting previously unengaged neurons and rearranging neuronal activity patterns to compensate for neuronal loss.
10032h agoAging disrupts key RNA pathways in neurons, including splicing and stress response, reducing the brain's resilience to new stress and potentially leading to neurodegenerative diseases.
10032h agoCertain neurons reflect the value of interacting with objects near the body, not just their locations, and provide animals with a map of the near-body environment.
10032h agoThe auditory cortex's map of sounds can recover after neuron loss by recruiting previously unresponsive neurons through homeostatic mechanisms.
10032h agoOxytocin release reduces inflammation and promotes brain repair after traumatic brain injury in infant mice, and improves long-term brain development and behavior.
10032h agoReactive microglia adapt their surveillance strategy in chronic neurodegeneration by actively migrating through the brain and forming direct, extensive contacts with individual neurons.
10032h agoIncreased levels of circulating TMEM119+/TREM2+ extracellular vesicles are associated with cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
10032h agoArg2 plays a crucial role in regulating arginine metabolism and polyamine homeostasis in the striatum, and its loss disrupts the balance of polyamines and alters the expression of polyamine-regulating proteins.
10032h agoDNN-generated virtual humans improve speech perception in noisy environments by providing effective audiovisual cues, with benefits similar to those of human speakers.
10032h agoBispecific antibody-based PET radioligands can target fibrin in the Alzheimer's disease brain, enabling potential individualized treatment strategies.
10032h agoThe Kv6.4 subunit combines with Kv2 subunits in motor neurons to form channels that are specifically located at junctions between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane beneath C-bouton synapses.
10032h agoThe cerebellum processes social rewards differently than the ventral striatum, treating positive and negative feedback similarly, and focusing on prediction errors rather than reward value.
10032h agoSyntactic processing and semantic meaning are intertwined in the brain as people predict upcoming words, with nouns showing enhanced predictability and deeper sensory grounding than verbs.
10032h agoA neuron's genetic identity mainly reflects its developmental origin, and a new single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult Drosophila melanogaster central brain provides a framework for systematically defining neuronal types.
10032h agoCannabis use decreases functional connectivity in brain networks associated with cannabinoid receptors, and adding CBD to THC enhances this effect.
10036h agoMicroglia play a key role in shaping neural circuits related to neuropsychiatric disorders by responding to neuronal activity and regulating synaptic pruning through GABAB receptors.
10040h agoSuperficial and deep pyramidal cells in the hippocampus form cell-type-specific circuits with dendrite-targeting interneurons, with distinct subtypes of interneurons forming unique connections with these pyramidal cells.
10040h agoMice with Fragile X Syndrome have abnormal auditory processing in a key part of the brain, showing increased neuronal firing and sensitivity to sounds, and these changes are present in both males and females.
10040h agoThe animate-inanimate distinction emerges early in the visual hierarchy and remains even when images are unrecognizable and lack high-level visual features.
10040h agoSex differences in the brain arise from fine-tuning of shared developmental templates, not large-scale changes, and are shaped by sex-differentiating transcription factors and distinct developmental windows.
10040h agoA new framework decodes brain recordings across multiple languages, subjects, and neuroimaging modalities by mapping them into a unified semantic space, enabling strong generalization and promoting linguistic fairness.
10044h agoDECEMber, a new model, improves clustering of neural embeddings, allowing for better identification of cell types in the visual cortex.
10044h agoBrain activity operates near criticality to enhance performance, and this state likely emerges from reverberant network activity rather than being driven by external signals.
10044h agoSub-scalp electroencephalography records sensorimotor neural activity with high spatial resolution and can classify motor execution with above-chance performance, making it a viable option for brain-computer interface applications.
10044h agoBrain-tuned speech models reflect the brain's stages of speech processing better than pretrained models, with late layers improving in alignment with semantic language regions and showing a clear hierarchy from acoustic to semantic representations.
10044h agoA flexible vocoder framework called NeuroVoc reconstructs acoustic waveforms from simulated neural activity patterns, allowing for direct comparisons between normal and electrical hearing models.
10044h agoModularity can now be measured at the individual node level, providing a more detailed understanding of community structure changes in brain networks due to diseases such as Alzheimer's.
10044h agoTwo unique mechanisms, slow-point manifolds and limit cycles, support short-term memory by generating sequential activity patterns that maintain information over time.
10044h agoThe MammAlps dataset, which contains over 14 hours of video and audio recordings from 9 camera-traps, provides a new benchmark for recognizing and understanding wild animal behavior.
10044h agoA modular modeling framework called modWorm integrates biophysical models of the nervous system, muscles, and biomechanics to simulate the behavior of the nematode C. elegans.
10044h agoStokes waves in water of fixed finite depth are studied to see how physical quantities change as wave steepness increases.
10044h agoA local offline decoder for topological codes works by passing messages between anyons to fix errors, and it terminates with an average-case runtime of $O((\log L)^\eta)$ in a system of linear size $L$.
10044h agoThe LEF4 framework generates and studies multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical systems, providing an efficient approach to investigate uncertainties in fields such as climate modelling, epidemiology, economics, and engineering.
10044h agoStatistical equilibrium occurs in hydroelastic turbulent waves driven by small-scale random forcing, with wave field statistics matching Rayleigh-Jeans equilibrium spectra and classical thermodynamic concepts applying to describe large scales.
10044h agoSparsely coupled Kuramoto oscillators have basin sizes of twisted states that scale as $e^{-kq^2}$ with the winding number $q$.
10044h agoRepulsive three-body interactions eliminate certain types of instability in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, enabling stable supersolids and boselets.
10044h agoThe one-dimensional critical transverse field Ising model is Yang-Baxter integrable, allowing for the construction of commuting transfer matrices and the recursive obtainment of conserved quantities, including the Kramers-Wannier duality and other non-invertible symmetries.
10044h agoManipulating speckled light beams becomes possible through their interaction with a co-propagating pump wave, allowing enhancement or degradation of the signal's spatial quality by varying the pump's power or modal power distribution.
10044h agoThe training horizon for autoregressive models of dynamical systems affects the loss landscape geometry and model performance, with longer horizons leading to better short-term forecasts but worse convergence, and optimal horizon selection being crucial for good predictions.
10044h agoAutotoxicity, a biological factor that inhibits biomass growth and increases mortality, helps create stable spatial patterns of vegetation in arid environments through interactions with biomass.
10044h agoDarboux-type transformations of third-order differential operators generate equilibrium configurations of two species of 2D Coulomb charges or point vortices with a circulation ratio of -2.
10044h agoA new theoretical framework incorporates decision-making into field theories, allowing it to describe collective behaviors driven by nonreciprocal and many-body interactions in complex systems.
10044h agoStochastic gradient descent for sequence models follows two distinct training phases, escaping uninformative initialization and aligning with the target subspace, influenced by sequence length and positional encoding.
10044h agoBrain activity operates near criticality to enhance performance, and this state likely emerges from reverberant network activity rather than being driven by external signals.
10044h agoQuantum dot solar cells can surpass the 33% efficiency limit of silicon solar cells and enable new photovoltaic technologies.
10044h agoLarge Language Models reach peak performance by operating at a critical point, where they generalize well from minimal data, and this can be achieved through a reinforcement learning scheme called learning at criticality.
10044h agoDephasing noise causes a phase transition in topological insulators at a finite strength, changing their topological index from nontrivial to trivial.
10044h agoAnderson localization plays a central role in the creation of a new thermal phase called the IR phase, in addition to its connection with the chiral transition.
10044h agoA tailored error mitigation technique based on deep learning makes the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm functional on near-term noisy quantum computers by predicting ideal expectation values from noisy outputs.
10044h agoA phenomenological model identifies gene expression signatures of decision-making classes from single-cell RNA-sequencing data, allowing for the classification of cell fate transitions into universal categories.
10044h agoA novel computational framework approximates the dynamics of sparse disordered systems with continuous degrees of freedom using dynamic cavity equations on locally tree-like factor graphs.
10044h agoCoupling a two-dimensional many-body localized system to a finite heat bath results in a filling fraction dependent phase diagram with a critical filling consistent with experiments.
10044h agoThe NCoder, a novel neural network approach inspired by Quantum Field Theory, generates images by summarizing high-dimensional data into lower-dimensional statistics and produces new images that can be correctly classified using only the first three statistical summaries.
10044h agoA general framework based on Lyapunov analysis characterizes topological properties in monitored quantum systems, identifying distinct entanglement phases and edge-localized zero modes in topological and trivial phases.
10044h agoLimited data affects training of pairwise energy-based models for inverse problems, with learning timescales tied to the spectral decomposition of the empirical covariance matrix.
10044h agoInhomogeneous quantum annealing is slower than expected, even when it succeeds in avoiding phase transitions, because a spin's magnetization becomes conserved once its field is turned off.
10044h agoThe representation of memories in the brain stabilizes as the number of stable place cells that hold information increases.
10044h agoA deep learning model predicts ground-state and photophysical properties of molecules and nanomaterials with accuracy surpassing traditional density functional theory calculations.
10048h agoExpectations about objects based on the scene they appear in influence how the brain processes visual information, but do not change how objects are represented.
10052h agoThe thalamus, specifically the mediodorsal nucleus, plays a causal role in regulating value-based decision making in humans by guiding decisions and learning from reward.
10056h agoDual stimulation of the inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus with transcranial direct current stimulation changes how people process anomalies in a second language, and this effect depends on their native language.
10056h agoNeocortical pyramidal neurons integrate sensory inputs and dynamically changing rules through dendritic computation to enable flexible decision-making based on the rules.
10056h agoA new neural decoding framework called MIBRAIN enables brain-computer interfaces to work across multiple individuals by integrating brain recordings and identifying common patterns.
10056h agoThe Allen Human Brain Atlas contains inaccurate spatial coordinates for dissected tissue samples, which can lead to incorrect identification of genes and compromise further analysis.
10064h agoThe brain's default mode and dorsal attention networks play distinct roles in controlling creativity, with the default mode network gating access to creative states and the dorsal attention network regulating the quality of creative output.
10064h agoA hierarchical system of transcription factors builds, diversifies, and sexually differentiates neurons that compose complex instinctual circuits in the brain.
10064h agoThe brain extracts a familiar face's identity, age, and gender in a rapid and view-invariant manner, with identity information emerging first, followed by age and gender information, and task demands influencing later processing stages.
10064h agoForgotten memories remain stored in the brain's episodic memory network and continue to influence behavior, with their neural traces persisting and even becoming more deeply embedded over time.
10064h agoA new brain-muscular-hand interface that uses a two-step strategy based on natural evolution enables people to control devices with higher accuracy and in less training time.
10068h agoA new brain graph foundation model called BrainGFM uses graph contrastive learning and graph masked autoencoders to pre-train on large-scale fMRI data from 27 neuroimaging datasets, enabling it to generalize across different brain representations and disorders.
10068h agoA new model, GLM-Transformer, identifies functional coupling between neural populations while accounting for evolving background dynamics and nonstationary individual-neuron dynamics.
10068h agoBrain regions form dynamic pathways to perform tasks, and specific constraints, such as routing costs and expert dropout, encourage the reliable formation of these pathways.
10068h agoA new model learns to encode the effects of hearing loss on neural activity in the auditory midbrain, accurately predicting neural responses in both normal and hearing-impaired animals.
10068h agoDiffusion models exhibit two phases, a strong memorization phase with small data where the network creates distinct basins of attraction around each sample, and a phase with large data where new attractor states emerge, leading to spurious states at the boundary of this transition.
10068h agoThe decision strategies used by brain and deep neural networks trained on image classification are fundamentally different, with model-brain similarity decreasing as model performance on ImageNet-1k increases.
10068h agoEarly Vision Networks, a new type of hybrid neural network that mimics the primate visual system, exhibit stronger robustness and shape bias, outperforming standard neural networks by 8.5% on a benchmark of robustness evaluations.
10068h agoA minimalistic representation model learns a high-dimensional head direction representation that captures essential properties of head direction cells, demonstrating Gaussian-like tuning profiles, a 2D circle geometry, and accurate path integration.
10068h agoThe hippocampus enables spatial navigation by forming cognitive maps, which can be replicated with proximity-preserving neural embeddings that encode multi-scale random walk transitions to create an environmental map for robust navigation.
10068h agoA simple algorithm based on geometric inference effectively fills missing entries in Representational Dissimilarity Matrices using known distances.
10068h agoNonlinear behavior in coupled systems can reduce the effectiveness of early warning signals in predicting tipping points, especially when a slowly changing "upstream" system forces a more rapidly changing "downstream" system.
10068h agoA single combining amplification law, represented in universal phase diagrams, reveals how spectral criticality, resonance, and non-normality interact to amplify responses in linear dynamical systems.
10068h agoSmall phase perturbations can dramatically enhance or suppress collective synchronization in Kuramoto oscillator networks.
10068h agoA highly accurate effective model with two degrees of freedom describes kink movement in the sine-Gordon model with space- and time-dependent parameters over long times.
10068h agoThe cohomology classes of curve strata with specific properties form a partial cohomological field theory that coincides with the BKP hierarchy under certain conditions.
10068h agoA magnetic Duffing oscillator, with a double-well magnetic potential, exhibits chaotic behavior when subjected to periodically oscillating external forces and an external magnetic field.
10068h agoDynamic targeting allows for agile, fast, and continuous wavelength tuning in lasers, enabling a stable and controlled frequency shift of over 2.1 GHz.
10068h agoTwisted triple crossing diagram maps provide geometric realizations of cluster integrable systems constructed from toric dimer models.
10068h agoA local decoder for the 2D toric code uses strictly local quantum operations to preserve a logical state for exponential time in the presence of circuit-level noise.
10068h agoThe model describes how two populations interact through predator-prey relationships, using a kinetic framework that connects microscopic interactions to macroscopic dynamics.
10068h agoThe free energy density of the XX chain in a magnetic field is obtained using two methods within the Quantum Transfer Matrix approach.
10068h agoA free quantum particle with a mass profile that has jump discontinuities has eigenfunctions that exhibit erratic dependence on energy, leading to irregular spectral behaviour and infinitely many distinct semiclassical limits.
10068h agoQuasiperiodic systems with correlated on-site and hopping disorder exhibit reentrant localization transitions, where a subset of localized states become delocalized again as disorder strength increases.
10068h agoKolmogorov-Arnold networks provide a computationally efficient representation for quantum Monte Carlo simulations, being about 10 times cheaper than other neural network-based methods.
10068h agoA discontinuous breaking of replica symmetry at a certain temperature implies the existence of an intermediate shattered phase in mean-field spin glasses.
10068h agoMetallic glasses undergo a glass transition due to a continuous rigidity percolation transition, where five-fold symmetric atomic clusters aggregate to form a system-spanning rigid network that marks the onset of mechanical stability.
10068h agoCorrelation between a spiked matrix and a spiked tensor enables efficient recovery of high-dimensional signals through Bayesian Approximate Message Passing.
10068h agoProteins exhibit properties of critically disordered metals, with their composition and geometry self-organized into the critical state of the Anderson transition.
10068h agoDecomposing large problems into smaller subsystems and combining solutions works well when the subsystems are not too complex, and local methods achieve high accuracy when problems are not at a critical point.
10068h agoUp to 60% of texts and 99% of manuscripts of Medieval French chivalric literature were lost, and the study of text transmission can be improved by using a complexity science approach that integrates modelling, simulation, and data analysis.
10068h agoPupillometry research now has a new tool called eyeris, a complete preprocessing suite that helps make data analysis more reproducible and follows best practices for handling data.
10068h agoA long non-coding RNA called Neuronal Identity (NeuID) regulates neuronal function and its downregulation contributes to Alzheimer's disease, by repressing developmental and glial genes.
10068h agoAlcohol exposure inhibits the release of a chemical called acetylcholine in a specific part of the brain, and repeated exposure to alcohol leads to a decrease in the brain cells responsible for producing this chemical.
10068h agoA knowledge-driven framework that uses large language models achieved an average accuracy of 79% in inferring human intention to control a brain-computer interface.
10068h agoAlzheimer's disease in rats causes changes in brain function, including reduced connectivity and abnormal activation patterns, which are linked to memory impairments and elevated blood amyloid levels.
10068h agoStress causes a long-lasting increase in fear responses, and a specific region in the brain, the posterior paraventricular thalamus (pPVT), is persistently hyperactive after stress, contributing to this increased fear response.
10068h agoDisruptions in the Pmm2 gene lead to cerebellar hypoplasia, ataxia, and early lethality in mice, with the developing cerebellum showing a heightened dependency on intact N-glycosylation.
10068h agoThe newly developed sensor PGE2-1.0 can detect endogenous PGE2 dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution, revealing spatial heterogeneity in PGE2 dynamics during acute inflammation and seizure.
10068h agoChanges in brain activity patterns called neuronal avalanches during training predict a person's ability to use brain-computer interfaces, allowing for the development of personalized training protocols.
10068h agoAutoantibodies against fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 cause pain hypersensitivity by acting on sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, leading to neuropathic pain in patients with sensory neuronopathies and small fiber neuropathies.
10068h agoTwo diffusion NMR-based methods found that water exchange rates in yeast cells and optic nerves change before and after fixation, and that a new tri-compartmental model is needed to accurately analyze data from complex systems like white matter.
10068h agoThe mouse retina has around 150 types of neurons that interpret visual information, and new tools using AAV vectors have been developed to study specific cell types, allowing for characterization of retinal ganglion cell types and their projection patterns to the brain.
10068h agoMutations in the MDGA1 gene cause distinct abnormalities in brain development that lead to autism-like behaviors in mice, and treatment with bazedoxifene restores these changes in male mice.
10068h agoWhen people with different movement speeds work together, they coordinate their movements to minimize interaction force and adopt a similar speed, with the slower person's speed largely determining the team's speed.
10068h agoUnconscious sensory information from different senses can interact and influence perception, as shown by the finding that sounds are localized towards unconscious flash locations.
10068h agoThe chironomid nervous system, specifically the central ganglia, nerves, and neuromuscular system, is described to facilitate its use in detecting toxicity in freshwater environments.
10068h agoCommonly used cell culture media do not accurately replicate human cerebrospinal fluid ion concentrations, causing abnormal neuronal activity.
10072h agoSocial interactions suppress male courtship behavior in fruit flies by reprogramming the circadian arousal state, while social isolation increases courtship by changing the expression and function of certain genes.
10072h agoPower-to-power cross-frequency coupling can detect seizures with high accuracy and each of three common seizure components has a unique signature.
10072h agoThe pattern of temporal modulation of light on the retina during eye movements contains the signal for the eye to detect defocus and grow to minimize refractive error.
10072h agoMice are highly motivated to build nests before sleep during the day, but this motivation decreases at night, and sleep deprivation reduces the desire to build nests and leads to a direct transition into sleep.
10072h agoThe fastACI toolbox provides a flexible framework for collecting and analyzing data from auditory reverse-correlation experiments to assess acoustic features used by listeners.
10072h agoCo-occurring TDP-43 and Alzheimer's disease pathology leads to increased cryptic exon inclusion, which correlates with TDP-43 dysfunction and affects protein levels and biological processes in the hippocampus.
10072h agoThe study finds that gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, a key intermediate in glutathione synthesis, provides neuroprotection against perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) toxicity, uncovering a new mechanism to explain how PFOS harms the nervous system.
10072h agoEach olfactory neuron and its target neuron expresses a unique combination of Beat and Side genes, which are regulated by genetic programs and may contribute to the formation of specific neural connections.
10072h agoNOTCH3 variants cause cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells to switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype, leading to extracellular matrix accumulation, impaired cell adhesion, and increased risk of small vessel disease and vascular dementia.
10072h agoDepletion of PTBP1 in mature astrocytes does not drive neuronal reprogramming, instead altering RNA splicing in a way that does not lead to widespread induction of neurons.
10072h agoImmunoPET imaging with Lec-Fab8D3 enables specific detection of brain amyloid beta pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, with Zirconium-89 showing superior results due to its compatible half-life.
10072h agoDamage to the entopeduncular nucleus causes motor dysfunction, and the extent of this damage is closely linked to the severity of motor impairments.
10072h agoSkin cells help animals sense painful temperatures by becoming sensitive to heat, which then makes them more responsive to painful stimuli.
10072h agoInsect odorant receptors can distinguish between very similar chemical compounds by forming a reversible covalent bond with certain molecules, allowing them to detect and discriminate amongst a wide range of smells.
10072h agoResting-state EEG activity differs between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls, and between patients with short- and long-duration symptoms, with anxiety scores improving the accuracy of classification.
10076h agoEarly-life seizures impair neural networks in the medial prefrontal cortex, leading to lasting cognitive deficits, but treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can restore network function and improve cognitive outcomes.
10076h agoAstrocytes develop a pro-inflammatory epigenetic memory, which is supported by multiple studies using different methods, including in vivo and in vitro experiments and analysis of multiple sclerosis samples.
10076h agoNew genetically encoded voltage indicators, ElectraON and ElectraOFF, have improved photostability, allowing for longer recordings of neuronal activity in both lab-grown cells and live mice.
10076h agoNeural quantum sensing with optically pumped magnetometers outperforms EEG and conventional MEG in signal-to-noise ratio and signal coherence, with improvements of up to 200% and 40%, respectively.
10076h agoNeonatal morphine exposure alters gene expression in midbrain cells, leading to changes in pain pathways, but probiotic supplementation can mitigate these effects.
10076h agoSingle-nucleus analysis of 1.6 million macaque cortical cells identifies distinct chromatin accessibility profiles linked to specific cell types, regions, and disease-risk genes in the primate cortex.
10080h agoThe left inferior parietal cortex directly affects neural responses in the ventral occipital-temporal cortex when processing manipulable objects, and the left arcuate fasciculus mediates the structural connectivity between parietal and temporal lobes that supports the integration of action and object representations.
10080h agoAberrant updating of expectations occurs in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder due to excess units encoding deviations from prior mean and a lack of sensory prediction errors in frontal areas.
10084h agoBurst firing in neurons arises from the interactions between intrinsic conductances, calcium mobilization, and synaptic stochasticity, which modulate neural coding under active synaptic bombardments.
10084h agoThe brain's ability to perform a wide range of computations on a minimal energy budget is achieved through constantly updated effective connectivity, which allows it to adapt to multiple stimuli and outcomes.
10084h agoThe Topological Morphology Descriptor (TMD) and its temporal extension (TTMD) accurately classify and analyze the growth dynamics of neuronal morphologies, enabling the detection of altered branching rate dynamics in genetically modified mutants.
10084h agoExcitatory and inhibitory synapses assemble in a coordinated way to maintain a balance between them during the development of neural circuits.
10084h agoThe brain processes language hierarchically across regions over time, and a new method can decompose neural responses to language features, capturing semantic information and improving encoding performance.
10084h agoRegions of the language network are coupled to one another through subspaces of shared linguistic features to facilitate language processing.
10084h agoPeople with 22q11 deletion syndrome have impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, particularly in areas like the anterior cingulate cortex and frontal lobes, which predicts the development of psychotic symptoms.
10084h agoSCN2A deficiency impairs long-range cortical axonal projections, reduces striatal spine density, and attenuates excitatory cortical-striatal synaptic transmission, leading to network hyperexcitability in human neural circuits.
10084h agoThe hippocampus, specifically its posterior part, plays a role in verbal memory, and its activity is negatively related to verbal memory test performance.
10084h agoA new implantable microprism interface allows for minimally-invasive, wide-field imaging with high brightness and resolution in deep brain areas.
10088h agoAugmentor (Fam150b) signaling through the ALK receptor in the hypothalamus helps control food intake and energy balance, and its expression increases in response to stress-induced inflammation.
10088h agoThe loss of neurofibromin function leads to cognitive dysfunction in neurofibromatosis type 1, and inhibiting Cxcr4 signaling with the drug Plerixafor improves learning in a zebrafish model of the disorder.
10088h agoVariational free energy accurately estimates how well a driver’s brain learns vehicle dynamics and predicts their steering performance.
10092h agoFundamental cognitive processes align with quantum principles, suggesting that humanoid AI should process information using quantum-theoretic laws.
10092h agoLarge Language Models can help study collective cognition by addressing complexity that has hindered it so far and also raise new risks that need methods.
10092h agoA new human sensory-musculoskeletal model, called SMS-Human, integrates multisensory inputs with precise anatomical representations to simulate human motor behaviors, including bipedal locomotion, object manipulation, and human-machine interaction.
10092h agoA novel model-based intrinsic drive called 3M-Progress enables artificial agents to exhibit robust autonomous exploration and naturalistic behavior similar to animals by tracking divergence between the agent's current world model and an ethological prior.
10092h agoA simple algorithm based on geometric inference effectively fills missing entries in Representational Dissimilarity Matrices using known distances.
10092h agoVariables related to intensity and training variability best predict learning success in auditory category learning, and training changes brain activity in speech and motor-related regions.
10092h agoA new method for pre-training brain computer interface models using self-supervised learning learns a representation of brain activity that supports standard tasks and reveals features related to individual variability and electrophysiological components.
10092h agoTransfer learning enhances the accuracy of sleep-stage decoding from wearable devices by leveraging neural network models pretrained on electroencephalographic signals.
10092h agoEEG2TEXT-CN, a new framework, generates text from brain signals in Chinese by aligning multichannel brain signals with natural language representations.
10092h agoThe Latent Structured Hopfield Network (LSHN) model integrates Hopfield attractor dynamics into an autoencoder architecture to effectively recall past experiences by associating semantic elements.
10092h agoIntegrating multimodal data fusion techniques helps analyze Alzheimer's disease, but current methods have flaws, so a new approach, the dynamic multimodal role-swapping network (GenDMR), was developed to better incorporate genetic information and improve diagnosis.
10092h agoThe engram theory, which suggests that sparse populations of neurons undergo lasting changes to support long-term memory, gains support from a synthesis of insights from cellular neuroscience and computational modeling, indicating that memory efficiency, capacity, and stability result from the interaction of plasticity and sparsity constraints.
10092h agoChanges in behavior can occur abruptly or continuously, and a new model predicts these changes without relying on underlying behavioral states.
10092h agoThe Reverse Facilitation Effect, where neutral trials are faster than congruent trials, occurs mainly due to attentional dynamics with limited resources.
10092h agoCortico-thalamic circuits in the brain are structured to perform a computation similar to multihead self-attention, a key component of artificial transformer networks.
10092h agoA novel neural network framework reveals that nonlinear recurrent processing is important for general-purpose tactile representations in the somatosensory cortex and helps achieve robust tactile perception.
10092h agoThe study discusses non-ideal systems where excitation sources have limited power and varying frequencies, and explores nonlinear phenomena such as the Sommerfeld effect and saturation phenomenon.
10092h agoThe Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules are proved for the self-adjoint Zakharov-Shabat system and the Schrödinger equation with two simple turning points.
10092h agoThe structure of a network determines the number and stability of collective behaviors that emerge in groups, with even small changes to the network leading to a large increase in possible behaviors.
10092h agoDissipative Kerr solitons in nonlinear resonators can be engineered to create reconfigurable optical frequency combs with tunable spectrum by coupling resonator arrays with nonreciprocal couplings.
10092h agoThe integrable field generalization of the elliptic Calogero-Moser model is gauge equivalent to the higher rank XYZ Landau-Lifshitz model of vector type on 1+1 dimensional space-time.
10092h agoIn preschool classrooms, people align side-by-side when close and face-to-face when farther apart, due to a competition among alignment mechanisms that generates a sudden change in behavior at a certain distance.
10092h agoThe interaction between electromagnetic and aeroelastic forces can cause a Hyperloop vehicle to exhibit limit-cycle vibrations, and modulating the aeroelastic force can suppress or amplify parametric resonance induced by electromagnetic forces.
10092h agoFactorization methods help find stationary point vortex patterns in two-dimensional fluid mechanics, and patterns related to soliton solutions and Schrodinger operators provide complete solutions for certain classes of vortex systems.
10092h agoThe hierarchy of coupled Burgers-like equations arises from nonclassical symmetries of previous equations, and each element in the hierarchy has a five-dimensional Lie algebra of classical point symmetries.
10092h agoChanges in sea surface temperatures drive warming through radiative forcing, and a novel approach called response theory helps diagnose this link by capturing interactions between ocean and atmosphere to produce a sensitivity map of radiative flux responses.
10092h agoThe spectrum of geodesic motion on high-dimensional hyperbolic manifolds displays a Schwarzian mean level density, implying a possible duality to Jackiw-Teitelboim-type quantum gravity at the level of a single system.
10092h agoThe Korteweg-de Vries conserved quantities represent a useful tool to identify instabilities in the black hole spectrum of quasi-normal modes and their greybody factors.
10092h agoThe elliptic Calogero-Inozemtsev system of BCn type has a proposed R-matrix valued generalization for its 2n x 2n Lax pair.
10092h agoThe dense associative memory, a type of modern Hopfield network, can store large numbers of memory patterns, and its dynamics show convergence properties and attraction basin sizes that are analyzable through an exact approach.
10092h agoThe SYK chain exhibits efficient information scrambling and thermalization in individual energy eigenstates, with two-point correlation functions matching their thermal counterparts.
10092h agoParticles in a dynamic space filling process on a graph hop to neighboring vertices until each vertex is occupied by one particle, with the average time this takes scaling with the number of vertices as $N^{4/d}$ in low dimensions and as $N$ in high dimensions.
10092h agoA hybrid quantum-classical MCMC framework that combines a quantum circuit with a generative neural sampler improves sampling efficiency by 100 times over conventional methods.
10092h agoThe attention-indexed model (AIM) framework analyzes learning in deep attention layers by capturing how token-level outputs emerge from interactions over high-dimensional embeddings.
10092h agoSineKAN, a neural quantum state ansatz, accurately captures ground state energies, fidelities, and correlation functions of several quantum many-body models, outperforming other neural quantum state ansatze.
10092h agoEnergy injected at microscopic scales in biological systems can persist at larger scales, and a new coarse-graining procedure helps determine how much irreversibility is retained.
10092h agoThe study investigates the strong-coupling limit of the SU(3) symmetric Fermi-Hubbard model, finding similar magnetic correlations and enhanced binding energies compared to the SU(2) square lattice equivalent.
10092h agoThe many-body localisation transition can be described by emergent characteristic energy scales that determine the behaviour of eigenstates in different phases.
10092h agoThe GHWS model reveals a discretization of parameter space into distinct collective dynamic states through basic processes with minimal modelling ingredients.
10092h agoThe Holstein mechanism in a single-electron system shows a quantum phase transition with distinct short-time and long-time behaviors.
10092h agoRidge regression's in- and out-of-sample risks have sharp asymptotics when data points have arbitrary correlations, and a modified estimator called CorrGCV provides an efficiently-computable unbiased estimate of the out-of-sample risk.
10092h agoPolaritonic chemistry and spin glasses are linked through a theoretical framework that explains how strong collective coupling to field fluctuations enables site- and bond-selective chemistry at room temperature.
10092h agoPhase crystals emerge at edges of a nodal d-wave superconductor and can survive up to 40-50% of the superconducting critical impurity strength, even with disorder present.
10092h agoRandom fiber networks' mechanical behavior is determined by a small subset of load-bearing fibers that form force chains, and their structure-function relationships can be predicted from structural information using an analytical approach.
10092h agoA repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene leads to production of abnormal proteins that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, and mice engineered to produce one of these abnormal proteins develop mild motor dysfunction and protein changes.
10096h agoThe precision required for an action affects how people encode, maintain, and act on visual information in working memory, with higher precision leading to deeper encoding, more effortful maintenance, and more precise but slower reports.
10100h agoThe functional organisation of the cervical spinal cord has individual-specific properties, forming a unique "fingerprint" similar to that found in the brain.
10100h agoA new model that incorporates information about brain areas and their relationships improves the accuracy of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in tracking brain activity.
10100h agoA multiscale modeling approach predicts how molecular changes in the brain, such as those caused by anesthetics, affect overall brain activity.
10104h agoEngineered reporters called Released Markers of Activity (RMAs) allow noninvasive measurement of transgene expression in the brain of nonhuman primates through blood tests.
10104h agoStroke causes disrupted muscle recruitment, including over-recruitment of proximal muscles and reduced phasic activation of distal muscles, which correlates with motor impairment and time since stroke.
10104h agoNeuronal aging causes widespread problems with RNA biology, including mislocalization of splicing proteins, chronic cellular stress, and reduced resiliency.
10108h agoStroke induces changes in gene expression, cell behavior, and brain networks, and strategies to enhance cellular reprogramming and brain network reorganization may improve recovery outcomes.
10108h agoSome neurons act like body-proximity sensors that reflect the value of contacting or avoiding objects and compose a flexible predictive model for interacting with the world near the body.
10108h agoThe lack of STING protein leads to a faster brain response to alpha-synuclein protein deposits, but does not affect the overall loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a Parkinson's disease mouse model.
10108h agoChanges in motivation, such as those seen in male mice after mating, occur over several days and are controlled by two mechanisms that regulate dopamine transmission in the brain.
10108h agoThe miRNA profile in HT22 cell line most closely matches that of mouse primary neuronal cultures, and over 300 miRNAs are similarly expressed across HT22, N2A, SH-SY5Y cell lines, and primary neurons.
10108h agoRedundancy masking involves the integration of neural signals from neighboring visual elements, rather than their suppression, when the brain reduces the number of perceived items in repeating patterns.
10112h agoRetrieving a concept through different levels of semantic detail leaves a detectable neural trace that shapes how the concept is reactivated later in the brain.
10112h agoA multi-region distributed learning model proposes that two populations of neurons, a controller and an adapter, work together to enable motor learning and adaptation to environmental changes.
10112h agoDopamine D1-like receptor activation primes area CA2 for synaptic plasticity, relieving its resistance to change and linking it to potential deficits in social memory.
10112h agoChronic social stress changes the gene expression in specific brain cells, called medium spiny neurons, in female mice, which can contribute to depression-like behaviors.
10112h agoThe accumulation of misfolded Amyloid beta and tau protein in Alzheimer Disease is likely caused by impaired waste removal through an extensive glial canal system formed by tanycytes, and these proteins may play a structural role in waste uptake.
10112h agoScientists have mapped the connections between sensory neurons in the wings of flies and their central nervous system, identifying both known and new neurons, including a population of proprioceptors that help control wing movement.
10112h agoAdvancements in evolutionary theory can inform a new design paradigm for AI, helping to overcome its current limitations.
10116h agoA neuroimaging-based biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been identified by linking brain imaging data with gene expression profiles, enabling early diagnosis.
10116h agoWeak connectivity in brain structural connections predicts human cognitive abilities and supports brain functions by amplifying its small weight in a nonlinear manner.
10116h agoA method can design a spatiotemporal pattern of stimulation to steer neural activity and behavior towards a desired target by identifying effective perturbation sites and combining approaches from nonlinear dynamical systems, control theory, and data-driven methods.
10116h agoA new method called Representational Differences Explanations (RDX) enables direct and interpretable comparisons between two learned representations, revealing meaningful distinctions between models.
10116h agoThe "surface wave" model and the "axoplasmic pressure wave" model describe the same underlying process.
10116h agoFinite-time scaling approach can characterize bifurcation diagrams in deterministic discrete dynamical systems, and it reveals connections between temporal and spatial observables in complex systems.
10116h agoThe Temporal Attention-enhanced Variational Graph Recurrent Neural Network (TAVRNN) model reveals relationships between adaptive behavior and the changing organization of neural networks, and generalizes across diverse neural systems and modalities.
10116h agoThe presence of faces in visual stimuli causally affects the connections within the brain's face-selective network, and subcortical regions play a crucial role in the network's causal structure.
10116h agoThe aperiodic neural activity can have different scaling exponents in low- and high-frequency regimes, and a new algorithm called MMSPM can estimate these exponents separately, revealing a bimodality pattern in EEG spectra.
10116h agoComplex systems develop structured network topologies through random processes only if they have critical topological complexity and dynamic alignment between topology and functionality.
10116h agoCell proliferation and diffusion can be accurately modeled using non-linear transformations of heat equation solutions with a Richards growth function.
10116h agoQuasi-homogeneous integrable systems have a parameter space with a Frobenius manifold structure that preserves a symplectic form under the induced flow, governing emergence of fractional powers and breakdown of the Painlev\'e property.
10116h agoThe autonomous system of 2 ordinary differential equations can be explicitly solved if its 23 coefficients are defined by specific formulas in terms of 15 arbitrary parameters.
10116h agoThe cascade size, single-seed cascade probability, and cascade condition in a Watts cascade model on directed multiplex networks are affected by induced patterns of node activity.
10116h agoOptimal network structures exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking as a function of resource scaling, and fluctuations can lead to a transition from a symmetry-broken state to a symmetric state.
10116h agoAdvancements in evolutionary theory can inform a new design paradigm for AI, helping to overcome its current limitations.
10116h agoEcho state networks combined with transfer learning accurately predict changes in long-term statistical patterns of the generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation across different parameter settings.
10116h agoIntroducing a symmetry-breaking disorder forces quantum states to penetrate a larger Hilbert space, driving the system to a chaotic phase and affecting quantum revivals and entanglement.
10116h agoFinite-time scaling approach can characterize bifurcation diagrams in deterministic discrete dynamical systems, and it reveals connections between temporal and spatial observables in complex systems.
10116h agoPairwise interactions alone can give rise to synergistic information in complex systems, even without explicit higher-order mechanisms.
10116h agoNumber-conserving cellular automata can be simulated on a computer to find interesting rules that govern interacting particles, such as grains of sand.
10116h agoDamage to a single link in a weighted network can enhance, deteriorate, or have no impact on the synchronization of coupled oscillators, and a mathematical framework can identify conditions where damage has these effects.
10116h agoThe Lorenz system has at least three dynamical constants of motion, despite its typical chaotic behavior.
10116h agoThe global density-of-states correlation function shows GUE-type oscillations at low energies, decaying exponentially at the Thouless energy scale, and matches previous results at high energies.
10116h agoThe correlation fractal dimension can be directly obtained from the long-time dynamics of interacting many-body quantum systems.
10116h agoTwo papers published in 1975 by Edwards and Anderson, and Sherrington and Kirkpatrick sparked new directions in several fields of science with their work on spin glasses and a new phase of matter.
10116h agoThe mineral Kutinaite exhibits metallic diamagnetism due to a unique frustrated vacancy ordering of its copper sublattice when cooled below 300 K.
10116h agoFinite-time scaling approach can characterize bifurcation diagrams in deterministic discrete dynamical systems, and it reveals connections between temporal and spatial observables in complex systems.
10116h agoCorrelated emission of light between atomic spins happens under specific conditions when color centers emit into an electronic bath of conduction electrons.
10116h agoThe initialisation of neural networks determines smooth training and good performance, and an analytical theory shows that the variance of query and key initialisations in transformer blocks governs two regimes: a low-variance regime with rank collapse and a high-variance regime with entropy collapse.
10116h agoThe memorisation-to-generalisation transition in diffusion models occurs when the number of training samples N is roughly equal to the dimension of the inputs d.
10116h agoSupply networks behave differently depending on their topology and use of buffer stocks, with firms benefiting from broad, short supply chains and topology being crucial when stocks are used.
10116h agoStatistical physics analysis reveals that feature learning in a two-layer neural network emerges as the number of data increases, with learning transitions occurring based on the contribution of hidden neurons to observed responses.
10116h agoFidelity decays exponentially with circuit depth and the number of qubits, and has a linear relationship with the heavy output frequency used in Quantum Volume tests.
10116h agoScrambling unitary dynamics in a quantum system creates a non-local web of correlations that can exist in three distinct phases, characterised by different forms of quantum correlations between two disjoint subsystems.
10116h agoA passive leakage removal unit based on an array of coupled disordered transmons effectively removes leakage excitations from the qubit subspace, protecting quantum error correction protocols.
10116h agoSelf-attention layers can be characterized by dynamical systems analysis, which shows that normalization layers help improve inference performance by forcing dynamics close to a critical state.
10116h agoAtypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine and olanzapine, affect microglia biology indirectly by altering the secretion of extracellular vesicles from astrocytes.
10120h agoRHIM-derived tetrapeptides directly inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation, disassemble preformed fibrils, and reduce neural death and necroptosis, leading to improved cognition and memory in Alzheimer's disease models.
10124h agoThe transport of neuropeptide-containing vesicles in axons depends on a complex of proteins, including Sunday Driver, RUFY, dynein, and kinesin-1, which work together to recruit and regulate motor proteins.
10124h agoThe brain recruits spatial mechanisms to help represent time when faster, non-spatial timekeeping mechanisms are not working well.
10124h agoAstrocytes generate and release amyloid-beta aggregates, and their production increases when they experience lysosomal stress, which triggers a reactive phenotype marked by inflammation.
10124h agoTraumatic brain injury causes about 50% loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and terminals, but surviving axons can generate collateral sprouting to restore terminal density and connectivity, leading to improved visual function.
10125h agoA single mechanism of competitive inhibition between monocular populations can account for the depth of perceptual suppression across different visual rivalry paradigms.
10125h agoLithium ions move through sodium channels in neurons with similar ease as sodium ions, but differences exist between neuron types.
10125h agoChronic nicotine exposure from pouches increases seizure risk, impairs glymphatic function, and causes neuroinflammation, but inhaled cannabidiol (CBD) can reverse these harmful effects.
10125h agoStudy identifies DnaJ domain chaperones that can reduce or increase the toxicity of ALS-related proteins TDP-43 and FUS in yeast cells, offering potential targets for developing neuroprotective agents against ALS.
10125h agoThe histone variant H2A.Z plays a protective role in males with Alzheimer's disease but has a detrimental effect in females, with its binding in chromatin decreasing in females and increasing in males with the disease.
10125h agoHyperglycemia causes axon injury by activating the NADase SARM1 through a molecular link with pyruvate kinase M (PKM), leading to NAD+ depletion and axonal fragmentation.
10125h agoNutrients such as zinc, amino acids, and serine improve social behaviors in autism mouse models by reconfiguring neural connections and altering protein patterns.
10125h agoThe brain uses dynamic 'urgency' processes that reduce the amount of evidence needed to make a decision as time passes, and this process is also reflected in a specific brain signal called the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV).
10125h agoSounds paired with tactile exploration of textured surfaces change cortical excitability and emotional responses, particularly increasing the perceived unpleasantness of a rough surface when disagreeable sounds are used.
10125h agoThe nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) volume is inversely associated with cortical amyloid burden in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
10125h agoA non-human primate model of internal capsule infarct shows that damage to this brain region leads to persistent distal motor deficits and emergence of adaptive motor strategies.
10129h agoOlder adults tend to report fewer complex hallucinations than younger adults, both during and after an experiment designed to induce hallucinations.
10129h agoMovement-related signals shape auditory midbrain activity through both predictive and feedback mechanisms, even in the absence of auditory input.
10129h agoRats scan their environment along the entire length of a track, even when rewards are limited to the ends, and this scanning behavior increases in new environments and then declines with repeated exposure.
10129h agoSchizophrenia patients in the early stages have reduced structural connectivity in brain areas important for thinking, language, and executive functions.
10129h agoDexmedetomidine anesthesia produces a similar brain state to natural sleep, specifically N2 sleep, in terms of brain activity changes, more so than propofol anesthesia.
10129h agoIntuitive moral inference relies on four main moral dimensions - virtue, vice, hierarchy, and rebellion - which have distinct neural activation patterns in the brain.
10129h agoThree models of audio-visual integration, including OR, SUM, and REPEAT models, show different levels of multisensory integration, with the REPEAT model successfully capturing sensory repetition effects and the SUM model producing optimal but sometimes supra-optimal integration.
10129h agoNeural synchrony in the default mode network, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction, predicts the formation of social connections between people, especially during deep conversations.
10129h agoNeurons in the ventral precentral gyrus encode speech mode and loudness through their firing rates, allowing for decoding of attempted speech with high accuracy.
10129h agoHippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons receive specific patterns of excitatory and inhibitory synapses that help create place selectivity, with clustered excitatory synapses playing a key role in preserving spatial tuning.
10129h agoTransplanting healthy interneuron progenitors into mice with Alzheimer's-like symptoms restores slow brain oscillation and improves brain function.
10129h agoCHPG enhances the differentiation of human oligodendrocyte precursor cells through a mechanism that involves binding to mGluR5 receptors, which are expressed on these cells, not on astrocytes, and this effect may become relevant in multiple sclerosis pathology.
10129h agoInfluenza A virus infection during pregnancy increases the transfer of molecules from the mother's blood into the fetal brain, potentially triggering inflammatory pathways that contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
10129h agoPrenatal alcohol exposure reduces the number and activity of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, leading to impaired cognitive flexibility and compulsive drinking behavior in adult offspring.
10129h agoVisuotactile integration of spatial frequency cues follows the Maximum Likelihood Estimation rule, but is not affected by spatial proximity.
10129h agoThe Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) helps protect CA2 neurons from excitotoxic damage by supporting unique mitochondrial calcium handling capabilities.
10129h agoThe brain uses similar and different neural populations to encode articulatory movements during speech imagery and actual speech articulation, with shared populations in frontoparietal cortex and modality-specific populations in primary sensorimotor cortex.
10129h agoAn adaptive aberration correction method improves the quality of transcranial functional ultrasound imaging by accounting for skull-induced distortions, allowing for better imaging of brain layers near the skull.
10129h agoHigh-precision magnetoencephalography can accurately locate sources of neural activity across all six layers of the cortex, enabling the study of laminar-specific neural dynamics in human cognition and behavior.
10129h agoAstrocytic glycogenolysis in the anterior cingulate cortex controls pain chronification by inducing cancer-associated metabolic pathways.
10129h agoHyperactive inhibitory signaling and complement signaling coordinate to drive the selective elimination of inhibitory synapses, disrupting the balance of neurotransmission and contributing to the development of epilepsy.
10129h agoThe gamma-Pcdhs, specifically the C-type isoforms, have different roles in the nervous system, with gammaC4 being essential for neuronal survival but not required for self-avoidance in starburst amacrine cells.
10129h agoStimulation of the RMTg to VTA pathway suppresses reward seeking and promotes shifts in cost-benefit decisions, leading to avoidance learning in rats.
10129h agoA method using short observations of neural activity identifies effective brain stimulation sites and designs complex patterns to steer neural activity towards a desired target.
10129h agoInfra-slow EEG oscillations track meaningful contextual transitions during social interaction and their alignment facilitates shared understanding and joint action.
10129h agoEarly life pain and stress alter nervous system development, leading to susceptibility to fear, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, and affect corticotropin releasing factor signaling in a sex-dependent manner.
10129h agoTRIM71 protein plays a crucial role in maintaining the normal development of the inner ear and hearing by regulating cell growth and differentiation.
10129h agoSTN-DBS improves temporal prediction performance in Parkinson's disease patients, likely by modulating beta and delta oscillatory activity.
10129h agoAge-related hearing loss changes the way neurons in the auditory cortex respond to sounds, with aged monkeys showing less distinction between different areas of the cortex and reduced response fidelity.
10129h agoMaternal immune activation during nursing disrupts milk quality and offspring neurobehavioral development, but environmental enrichment can rescue these effects by altering milk-derived extracellular vesicles that deliver signals to offspring.
10129h agoThe brain updates error sensitivity to learn from past errors, and this sensitivity is lower in unstable environments and higher in stable environments without perturbations.
10129h agoAxonal interactions of bilateral pioneer neurons initiate left-right asymmetry in a Drosophila central brain circuit, leading to hemisphere-specific microcircuits and affecting adult brain function.
10129h agoLi et al. define the classes of neurons, their connections, and how they acquire their identities in the intestinal submucosal plexus.
10129h agoDopamine responses in the brain track how animals interpret rewards and adjust their predictions based on what they believe is happening.
10129h agoThe choroid plexus provides molecular cues for brain development by releasing proteins through an apocrine secretion mechanism that changes the composition of the fluid surrounding the brain and guides cortical development.
10129h agoActivation of certain neurons in the lateral hypothalamus causes animals to prioritize survival over other essential needs by triggering a suitable motor action.
10129h agoA computational framework helps study how molecular changes impact brain activity by evaluating how drugs on synaptic receptors lead to changes in large-scale brain activity.
10129h agoLemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, protects against neurodegeneration in male tau transgenic mice by preventing tau protein build-up and inflammation.
10129h agoGABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.
10129h agoA new framework reveals that rare but persistent breakthroughs disrupt the foundations of research fields while remaining central to future work.
10129h agoReliable algorithms for decision-making need to build upon causal reasoning to ensure they align with real-world task objectives.
10129h agoSTCase, an interpretable tool, uses a multi-view graph neural network to uncover functional niche-specific cell-cell communication events from spatial transcriptomics data.
10129h agoPsilocybin enhances fear extinction in mice by suppressing fear neurons and recruiting extinction neurons in the retrosplenial cortex through individual-neuron reorganization.
10129h agoPhotonic computing offers a promising alternative for efficient probabilistic computing by directly encoding data in physical quantities.
10129h agoWriting an effective presubmission enquiry requires following specific recommendations.
10129h agoMilestone papers are consistently linked with a lasting impact on previous work, known as persistent disruption, where they change earlier research but are not later replaced.
10129h agoThe use of generative artificial intelligence in healthcare raises challenges for fairness and health equity.
10129h ago